Exploring Operating Systems: 69 Days of Deep Dive Implementation in C

Overview

This repository is a journey through Operating System concepts, with practical implementations in C. Each day focuses on a specific topic, providing theoretical understanding and hands-on coding experience.

Repository Structure

• Each topic will have its own directory
• Includes source code, explanations, and implementation details
• Progressive learning path from basic to advanced OS concepts

69 Days Exploration Roadmap

Day	Topic	Concept Category	Difficulty Level	Implementation Focus
1	Process Concept	Processes	Easy	Process Definition
2	Process States and Transitions	Processes	Medium	State Diagram Implementation
3	Process Creation Mechanisms	Processes	Medium	Fork(), Exec() Syscalls
4	Process Scheduling Basics	Scheduling	Medium	FCFS Algorithm
5	Scheduling Algorithms	Scheduling	Hard	SJF, Priority, Round Robin
6	Context Switching	Processes	Hard	Implementation Details
7	Thread Concept	Threads	Easy	Thread Basic Understanding
8	Thread Creation and Management	Threads	Medium	POSIX Threads
9	Thread vs Process Comparison	Threads	Medium	Comparative Analysis
10	Multithreading Models	Threads	Hard	User vs Kernel Threads
11	Concurrency Fundamentals	Synchronization	Medium	Race Conditions
12	Mutex and Semaphores	Synchronization	Hard	Implementation
13	Deadlock Concepts	Synchronization	Hard	Prevention Strategies
14	Deadlock Detection Algorithms	Synchronization	Hard	Banker's Algorithm
15	Memory Management Overview	Memory	Easy	Memory Hierarchy
16	Logical vs Physical Address	Memory	Medium	Address Translation
17	Contiguous Memory Allocation	Memory	Medium	Allocation Strategies
18	Paging Mechanism	Memory	Hard	Page Table Implementation
19	Page Replacement Algorithms	Memory	Hard	FIFO, LRU, Optimal
20	Segmentation	Memory	Medium	Segment Table
21	Virtual Memory Concepts	Memory	Hard	Demand Paging
22	Memory Allocation Internals (malloc, free)	Memory Management	Hard	Custom Memory Allocator
23	Dynamic Memory Management Techniques	Memory Management	Hard	Memory Pool Strategies
24	File System Basics	File Systems	Easy	File Concept
25	File System Structure	File Systems	Medium	Directory Structures
26	File Allocation Methods	File Systems	Medium	Contiguous, Linked
27	Free Space Management	File Systems	Hard	Bit Vector, Linked List
28	File Protection Mechanisms	File Systems	Medium	Access Control
29	I/O System Management	I/O Systems	Medium	I/O Devices
30	Disk Scheduling Algorithms	I/O Systems	Hard	SCAN, C-SCAN
31	Interrupt Handling	Low-Level	Hard	Interrupt Vectors
32	Advanced System Call Implementation	Low-Level Programming	Hard	Syscall Wrapper Design
33	Advanced System Call Tracing	Low-Level	Hard	Syscall Interception
34	Kernel Module Development	Low-Level	Hard	Loadable Kernel Modules
35	Inter-Process Communication	IPC	Hard	Pipes, Message Queues
36	Shared Memory Advanced	IPC	Hard	Low-Level Shared Memory
37	Socket Programming Deep Dive	Networking	Hard	Raw Socket Implementation
38	CPU Scheduling Advanced	Scheduling	Hard	Multi-Level Queues
39	Real-Time Operating Systems Internals	Specialized	Hard	RTOS Kernel Design
40	Linux Kernel Memory Management	Kernel	Hard	Slab Allocator
41	Process Synchronization Advanced	Synchronization	Hard	Peterson's Algorithm
42	Resource Allocation Graph Theory	Synchronization	Hard	Deadlock Representation
43	Memory Fragmentation Techniques	Memory	Medium	Advanced Fragmentation
44	Cache Management Internals	Memory	Hard	Cache Coherence
45	File System Journaling	File Systems	Hard	Transaction Mechanisms
46	Device Driver Development	Low-Level	Hard	Character Device Drivers
47	Security Mechanism Implementation	Security	Hard	Access Control Kernel
48	Process Scheduling Simulator	Scheduling	Hard	Comprehensive Simulator
49	Network File Systems Internals	File Systems	Hard	Distributed FS Design
50	Error Handling Kernel Mechanisms	Low-Level	Hard	Exception Management
51	Virtual Memory Hypervisor	Advanced	Hard	Virtualization Techniques
52	Distributed OS Algorithms	Advanced	Hard	Consensus Protocols
53	Embedded OS Kernel Design	Specialized	Hard	Minimal Kernel
54	Microkernel Advanced Design	Architecture	Hard	Message Passing
55	OS Performance Profiling	Advanced	Hard	Kernel Tracing
56	Parallel Processing Primitives	Advanced	Hard	Low-Level Parallelism
57	Fault Tolerance Mechanisms	Advanced	Hard	Recovery Techniques
58	Advanced Load Balancing	Advanced	Hard	Scheduling Strategies
59	Containerization Internals	Advanced	Hard	Namespace Implementation
60	Kernel Synchronization Primitives	Advanced	Hard	Spinlocks, RCU
61	Security Vulnerability Analysis	Security	Hard	Buffer Overflow
62	Cryptographic Kernel Mechanisms	Security	Hard	Encryption Primitives
63	Malware Detection Techniques	Security	Hard	Kernel-Level Detection
64	OS Forensics Deep Dive	Security	Hard	Kernel Trace Analysis
65	Memory Allocator Design	Memory	Hard	Custom Heap Implementation
66	Advanced IPC Mechanisms	IPC	Hard	Advanced Signaling
67	Kernel Debugging Techniques	Low-Level	Hard	Kernel Crash Analysis
68	Advanced Syscall Handling	Low-Level	Hard	Syscall Optimization
69	Complete OS Kernel Prototype	Project	Hard	Minimal Bootable Kernel

---

Day	Paper 1 (Title & Link)	What to Learn (P1)	Implementation (P1)	Paper 2 (Title & Link)	What to Learn (P2)	Implementation (P2)	Paper 3 (Title & Link)	What to Learn (P3)	Implementation (P3)
1	THE Structure of the 'THE' Multiprogramming System	Understand modular design and separation of mechanism vs. policy	Build a basic modular scheduler simulation	An Experimental Time-Sharing System	Learn fundamentals of time-sharing and resource allocation	Simulate a simple time-sharing scheduler	Multics: A Virtual Memory Approach to Time Sharing	Study early virtual memory and multi-user isolation	Develop a simulation for virtual memory management
2	Protection and Security in the Multics System	Explore early OS security and protection schemes	Implement a basic access control simulation	Scheduling in CTSS: An Early Approach	Understand early scheduling strategies	Develop a round‑robin scheduler simulation	Resource Management in Early Time-Sharing Systems	Gain insights into resource allocation methods	Simulate process resource allocation
3	The Evolution of Time-Sharing Systems	Review progression of time‑sharing concepts	Simulate a historical time‑sharing scenario	Interactive Computing: Lessons from CTSS	Learn about user interaction in OS design	Develop a simple interactive shell	User Interface and System Performance in Multics	Understand UI impact on system performance	Create a basic UI performance benchmark module
4	Early Implementations of Virtual Memory	Understand the origins and concepts of virtual memory	Build a simple virtual memory simulator	Segmentation and Paging in Multics	Learn segmentation and paging techniques	Implement a segmentation/paging simulation	Protection Rings in Early OS	Study hierarchical protection mechanisms	Simulate ring‑based security layers
5	Decentralized Resource Allocation in Time-Sharing Systems	Examine decentralized resource allocation methods	Prototype a decentralized allocation algorithm	Performance Evaluation of CTSS	Learn early OS benchmarking techniques	Develop basic benchmarks for OS operations	Multi‑User Architecture in Multics	Understand design strategies for multi‑user systems	Simulate multi‑user session management
6	Communication Protocols in Time-Sharing Operating Systems	Study inter‑process communication in early systems	Implement simple message‑passing mechanisms	The Role of Hardware Support in OS Design	Learn how hardware influences OS design decisions	Simulate hardware–software interaction in an OS	Simplicity vs. Performance in Operating System Design	Explore trade‑offs between simplicity and efficiency	Develop a configurable simulation to compare design trade‑offs
7	Memory Management Techniques in Early OS	Understand foundational memory management strategies	Build a basic memory allocation simulator	The Impact of Time‑Sharing on Software Development	Learn effects of time‑sharing on programming practices	Simulate scheduling impacts on software performance	System Calls and OS Design: An Early Perspective	Study evolution of system call interfaces	Implement a minimal system call interface simulation
8	Advancements in Multiprogramming: The CTSS Experience	Examine improvements in multiprogramming approaches	Simulate enhancements in multiprogramming	Evaluating System Efficiency in Multics	Learn OS performance evaluation techniques	Develop basic performance metrics for a simulator	Design Strategies for Early Operating Systems	Understand key design choices in foundational OS	Prototype a simple OS design model
9	Benchmarking Early Time‑Sharing Systems	Learn early benchmarking techniques for OS evaluation	Design benchmarks for a simulated OS	Scalability Challenges in the CTSS	Explore scalability issues in early systems	Simulate scalability bottlenecks in process scheduling	User‑Centric Design in Multics	Study user-focused design principles	Prototype an efficient and user‑friendly interface
10	Legacy of the First Time‑Sharing Systems	Reflect on historical impacts of time‑sharing	Develop a timeline simulation of OS evolution	System Stability and Fault Tolerance in Early OS	Understand basic fault tolerance techniques	Implement a simple fault tolerance simulation	Lessons Learned from the Pioneers of OS Design	Extract key design insights from early systems	Design a modular system incorporating these principles
11	Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard‑Real‑Time Environment	Comprehend real‑time scheduling algorithms	Simulate rate‑monotonic scheduling	A Comparative Study of Scheduling Techniques	Analyze various scheduling approaches	Develop simulations to compare schedulers	Queueing Models in Operating Systems	Learn application of queueing theory in scheduling	Implement a basic scheduling queue model
12	Real‑Time Scheduling: Rate Monotonic vs. EDF	Compare fixed and dynamic real‑time scheduling	Simulate both rate‑monotonic and EDF schedulers	Locking Mechanisms and Concurrency Control	Understand various synchronization techniques	Implement simulations for mutexes and semaphores	The Role of Preemptive Scheduling in Modern OS	Learn about preemption’s impact on responsiveness	Prototype a preemptive multitasking scheduler
13	Thread Management and Scheduling in Multithreaded Systems	Explore thread lifecycle management	Create a basic thread scheduler simulation	Multiprocessor Scheduling: Challenges and Solutions	Understand scheduling across multiple CPUs	Simulate multiprocessor scheduling scenarios	Synchronization Primitives: Mutexes and Semaphores	Learn foundational synchronization methods	Implement custom mutex and semaphore models
14	Designing Scalable Scheduling Algorithms	Learn principles for building scalable schedulers	Prototype a scheduler that scales with process count	Concurrency Control in OS: The Transaction Model	Explore transaction‑based approaches for concurrency	Implement a simple transaction model simulation	Optimizing CPU Utilization through Advanced Scheduling	Study techniques to maximize CPU efficiency	Develop a simulation to optimize CPU utilization
15	Scheduling in Distributed Operating Systems	Understand challenges of distributed scheduling	Simulate scheduling strategies for a distributed OS	Priority Inversion and Inheritance Protocols	Learn solutions for priority inversion	Implement a priority inheritance protocol simulation	Load Balancing Techniques in Multiprocessor Environments	Study methods for balancing CPU load	Simulate load balancing in a multiprocessor context
16	Dynamic Scheduling Techniques for Adaptive Systems	Explore adaptive scheduling and real‑time adjustments	Prototype an adaptive scheduler	Designing Fair Scheduling Algorithms	Understand fairness in process scheduling	Implement a simulation for fair scheduling	Energy‑Aware Scheduling in Operating Systems	Learn strategies for energy‑efficient scheduling	Develop an energy‑aware task scheduler simulation
17	Case Study: Scheduler Design in the Linux Kernel	Analyze real‑world Linux scheduler design	Replicate a simplified Linux scheduler	Real‑Time Concurrency in Embedded Systems	Understand concurrency in embedded systems	Develop a real‑time task scheduler simulation	A Holistic Review of Scheduling Policies	Review various scheduling policies and impacts	Create a framework to test multiple scheduler policies
18	Adaptive Scheduling in Heterogeneous Architectures	Study scheduling across diverse processor types	Simulate scheduling on heterogeneous cores	Concurrency Control in Microprocessors	Learn micro‑level concurrency techniques	Implement fine‑grained locking simulation	Towards Self‑Tuning Schedulers	Explore methods for self‑optimizing schedulers	Prototype a self‑tuning scheduler with adjustable parameters
19	Trade‑Offs in Scheduling: Throughput vs. Latency	Understand trade‑offs between throughput and latency	Simulate scheduling trade‑offs with performance metrics	Implementing Lock‑Free Data Structures in OS Kernels	Explore lock‑free techniques for concurrency	Develop a simulation for a lock‑free queue	Analyzing Scheduling Overheads in Modern Systems	Examine the impact of scheduling overheads	Profile a simulated scheduler to measure overheads
20	Multi‑Level Scheduling in Cloud Operating Systems	Understand hierarchical scheduling in cloud OS	Prototype a multi‑level scheduler for cloud environments	Exploiting Parallelism: Scheduling for Many‑Core Processors	Learn to leverage many‑core architectures	Simulate scheduling on a many‑core system	Predictive Scheduling: Leveraging Machine Learning in OS	Explore ML integration in scheduling	Develop an ML‑based scheduler simulation
21	Virtual Memory, Processes, and Sharing	Understand fundamentals of virtual memory management	Simulate virtual memory with process sharing	Paging Techniques and Their Evolution	Learn the evolution of paging methods	Build a simple paging simulator	Segmentation vs. Paging: Performance Trade‑Offs	Analyze trade‑offs between segmentation and paging	Compare simulation results of segmentation and paging
22	Dynamic Memory Allocation in Operating Systems	Study dynamic memory allocation techniques	Build a simulation of a dynamic memory allocator	The Buddy System: Memory Allocation in OS	Learn the buddy allocation algorithm	Implement a buddy system memory allocator	Garbage Collection in Kernel Memory Management	Explore kernel memory garbage collection	Prototype a simple garbage collector for kernel memory
23	Demand Paging Mechanisms and Performance	Understand demand paging and its effects	Simulate demand paging operations	Copy‑on‑Write Techniques in Virtual Memory	Learn copy‑on‑write advantages	Implement a copy‑on‑write simulation model	Memory Overcommitment: Strategies and Challenges	Examine challenges in memory overcommitment	Simulate memory overcommitment scenarios
24	Optimizing TLB Performance in Modern CPUs	Learn techniques for TLB optimization	Develop a TLB simulation model	Memory Hierarchy and Virtual Memory Interactions	Explore interplay between memory hierarchy and virtual memory	Simulate interactions in a VM system	Address Translation in OS Kernels	Understand address translation mechanisms	Implement a basic address translation simulation
25	Adaptive Memory Management in Virtualized Environments	Study memory management in virtualized systems	Simulate dynamic memory management for VMs	Shared Memory and Inter‑Process Communication	Learn IPC via shared memory techniques	Develop a shared memory communication model	Memory Allocation Strategies in Multicore Systems	Understand multicore allocation challenges	Simulate memory allocation across multiple cores
26	Case Study: Memory Management in the Linux Kernel	Analyze Linux memory management strategies	Replicate a simplified Linux memory manager	Advanced Page Replacement Algorithms	Study various page replacement methods	Implement and compare replacement algorithms	Fragmentation in Dynamic Memory Allocation	Learn fragmentation causes and remedies	Simulate fragmentation and defragmentation strategies
27	Memory Protection and Isolation Techniques	Understand methods for memory protection	Develop a simulation of memory protection mechanisms	Efficient Memory Mapping in Modern OS	Learn advanced memory mapping techniques	Implement a simulation for efficient memory mapping	Inverted Page Tables: A New Approach	Study the inverted page table concept	Simulate an inverted page table structure
28	User‑level Memory Management and its Implications	Explore memory management outside the kernel	Prototype a user‑space memory manager	Understanding Kernel Memory Slab Allocators	Learn benefits of slab allocation in the kernel	Develop a simulation of a basic slab allocator	Techniques for Memory Compression in OS	Discover methods for compressing memory efficiently	Develop a simulation for memory compression techniques
29	Virtual Memory in Distributed Systems	Understand challenges of virtual memory in distributed contexts	Simulate virtual memory management across nodes	Swapping Strategies: From Theory to Practice	Learn swapping techniques and their performance effects	Implement a swapping simulation model	The Impact of Virtual Memory on Application Performance	Analyze how virtual memory overhead affects applications	Profile application performance under a VM simulation
30	Memory Management in Real‑Time Systems	Explore memory strategies under real‑time constraints	Simulate a real‑time memory management system	Hybrid Approaches to Memory Allocation	Study combined allocation techniques	Prototype a hybrid memory allocator	Evaluating Trade‑Offs in Memory Management Policies	Analyze policy trade‑offs in dynamic memory allocation	Develop a simulation comparing memory policies
31	A Fast File System for UNIX	Study UNIX file system design and caching principles	Simulate a file system with caching techniques	File System Design Principles in Multics	Learn foundational file system design principles	Prototype core file system operations	Journaling and Crash Recovery in File Systems	Understand journaling for data integrity	Simulate a journaling mechanism for crash recovery
32	The Evolution of File System Architectures	Review historical developments in file systems	Simulate evolution of file system features	Distributed File Systems: Design and Implementation	Learn principles for distributed storage systems	Prototype a simple distributed file system	Case Studies in File System Reliability	Analyze reliability techniques in file systems	Simulate fault tolerance in file system design
33	The Log‑Structured File System	Understand log‑structured design to improve write performance	Develop a simulation of log‑structured file writes	Optimizing File System Caching and Buffering	Learn caching and buffering strategies for file I/O	Implement a simulation of a file cache system	Metadata Management in File Systems	Study efficient metadata handling techniques	Simulate metadata organization and access patterns
34	Scalable File System Design for Large‑Scale Systems	Explore scalability challenges in file system design	Prototype a scalable file system simulation	Handling Concurrency in File System Operations	Learn methods for managing concurrent file access	Implement concurrency control in file operations simulation	Implementing Copy‑on‑Write File Systems	Understand copy‑on‑write mechanisms for storage efficiency	Develop a simulation of a copy‑on‑write file system
35	File System Consistency Protocols	Study protocols that ensure file system consistency	Simulate a consistency protocol mechanism	Data Deduplication in Storage Systems	Learn techniques to reduce redundant data storage	Implement a data deduplication simulation	Performance Tuning for File Systems	Explore methods to optimize file system performance	Develop a performance tuning simulation for file I/O
36	Flash File Systems: Challenges and Solutions	Understand design challenges for flash-based storage	Simulate a flash file system model	Hierarchical Storage Management in Modern OS	Learn techniques for storage tiering	Prototype a hierarchical storage management simulation	Security and Access Control in File Systems	Study security features and access control design	Implement access control mechanisms in a file system simulation
37	A Comparative Analysis of File System Performance	Analyze performance metrics across file systems	Develop benchmarks for file system performance	Virtual File Systems and Abstraction Layers	Learn benefits of file system virtualization	Simulate a virtual file system abstraction layer	Extensible File System Interfaces	Study modular and extensible OS design for file systems	Prototype an extensible file system interface model
38	The Role of File Systems in Cloud Environments	Understand adaptation of file systems for cloud scalability	Simulate a cloud‑based file system environment	Implementing Distributed File Access	Learn techniques for distributed file access	Prototype distributed file access mechanisms	Latency Reduction Techniques in File Systems	Explore methods to reduce I/O latency	Develop a simulation focused on reducing file system latency
39	Error Recovery Techniques in File Systems	Study methods for error detection and recovery in storage	Simulate error recovery protocols for file systems	Scalable and Reliable Storage Architectures	Learn design strategies for scalable, reliable storage	Prototype a scalable storage architecture simulation	The Future of File System Design	Explore emerging trends in file systems	Develop a conceptual design for a next‑generation file system
40	User‑Centric Design in File Systems	Understand how user needs influence file system design	Prototype a file system emphasizing user‑friendly features	Performance Benchmarks in File System Implementations	Learn techniques for file system performance benchmarking	Develop performance benchmarks for various file systems	Fault Tolerance Mechanisms in Storage Systems	Study strategies to achieve storage fault tolerance	Simulate fault tolerant storage mechanisms
41	The Mach Operating System	Study microkernel design and message‑passing architecture	Simulate a basic microkernel message‑passing system	Microkernel Architecture: Pros and Cons	Understand advantages and drawbacks of microkernels	Develop a simulation comparing microkernel and monolithic performance	Performance Implications of Microkernel Design	Analyze IPC overhead in microkernels	Simulate typical microkernel IPC overhead
42	An Evaluation of the L4 Microkernel	Examine design optimizations from the L4 project	Prototype an efficient IPC mechanism inspired by L4	IPC Optimization in Microkernels	Learn techniques to reduce IPC latency in microkernels	Implement an optimized IPC simulation	Microkernels vs. Monolithic Kernels: A Comparative Study	Compare performance trade‑offs between architectures	Develop a simulation to highlight kernel architecture differences
43	Exokernel: An Operating System Architecture for Application‑Level Resource Management	Understand the exokernel approach and minimal abstractions	Prototype a minimalist exokernel resource manager	The Impact of Exokernels on System Performance	Study how exokernel design improves efficiency	Simulate resource management using an exokernel model	Application‑Level Resource Management: Concepts and Case Studies	Explore managing resources at the application level	Develop a demo for application‑controlled resource allocation
44	Modularity in Operating System Design: Microkernels	Understand achieving modular design in microkernel systems	Develop a modular OS simulation inspired by microkernels	Case Study: MINIX and Microkernel Architecture	Learn practical lessons from MINIX’s microkernel approach	Prototype a simplified MINIX‑inspired kernel	Security Implications of Microkernel Designs	Study how microkernels enhance security	Simulate security features within a microkernel environment
45	IPC Mechanisms in Lightweight Kernel Designs	Explore IPC in lightweight OS designs	Develop a simulation of lightweight IPC mechanisms	Evaluating Microkernel Performance Overhead	Understand performance costs of microkernels	Profile a simulation to measure microkernel overhead	Designing for Modularity in OS Development	Learn design patterns for modularity in OS	Prototype modular OS components
46	Hybrid Kernel Approaches: Combining Monolithic and Microkernel Designs	Explore benefits of hybrid kernel architectures	Simulate a hybrid kernel that combines both philosophies	Lessons from the L4 Microkernel Project	Study key insights from L4 design	Incorporate L4 ideas into a scheduler simulation	Resource Abstraction in Exokernel Systems	Learn how exokernels abstract hardware resources	Prototype a resource abstraction layer simulation
47	Bootstrapping a Microkernel: Challenges and Solutions	Understand challenges in booting a microkernel OS	Simulate microkernel bootstrapping process	Memory Management in Microkernels	Study memory management in microkernel design	Develop a simulation of a microkernel memory manager	Minimizing Context Switch Overheads in Microkernel Systems	Learn techniques to reduce context switch costs	Simulate optimized context switching in a microkernel
48	Real‑Time Operating Systems and Microkernel Design	Explore integration of real‑time requirements in microkernels	Simulate a real‑time scheduler within a microkernel OS	Implementing Robust IPC in Exokernel Systems	Study robust IPC methods in exokernels	Develop a simulation for robust IPC techniques	Design Considerations for Scalability in Microkernels	Understand scalability challenges in microkernels	Prototype scalability simulations for a microkernel system
49	Case Studies in Microkernel Security	Analyze real‑world security in microkernel systems	Simulate security modules in a microkernel environment	Performance Tuning in Exokernel‑Based Systems	Learn performance optimizations for exokernels	Develop a performance tuning simulation for exokernel components	Microkernel Extensions and Future Directions	Explore enhancements and extensions for microkernels	Prototype an experimental microkernel feature
50	Comparative Study: Exokernel vs. Microkernel Architectures	Compare benefits and challenges of exokernel vs. microkernel	Simulate a comparative study of both architectures	Implementation Challenges in Resource Management	Understand challenges in advanced OS resource management	Develop simulations to test various resource management models	Lessons from the Exokernel Project for OS Designers	Extract practical insights from exokernel research	Integrate these lessons into a resource management simulation
51	Design and Implementation of the Windows NT Operating System	Learn Windows NT kernel architecture and design	Develop a simulation of a basic Windows NT scheduler	Inside Windows 95: Architecture and Design	Understand design principles of Windows 95	Simulate memory management in Windows 95	Windows Vista Kernel Innovations	Study innovations in the Vista kernel	Prototype a simulation highlighting Vista kernel improvements
52	Design and Implementation of the Linux Operating System	Explore Linux kernel architecture and design	Simulate core Linux kernel functionalities	Linux Kernel Architecture	Understand internal structure of the Linux kernel	Develop a simulation of Linux process scheduling	Linux Scheduling and Performance	Learn Linux scheduling mechanisms and performance factors	Implement a simulation comparing different Linux schedulers
53	Mac OS X Internals: A System Perspective	Understand macOS X kernel and subsystem design	Build a simple simulation of macOS process management	Darwin: The Open Source Basis of macOS	Learn about the Darwin kernel and OS design	Simulate core Darwin OS functionalities	File System Innovations in Mac OS X	Study file system improvements in macOS	Prototype a simulation of macOS file system features
54	Design and Evolution of AmigaOS	Explore the unique design choices of AmigaOS	Develop a simulation reflecting AmigaOS multitasking	Multitasking in AmigaOS	Understand cooperative vs. preemptive multitasking in AmigaOS	Simulate AmigaOS task scheduling	Graphics and Multimedia Integration in AmigaOS	Learn integration of multimedia in OS design	Prototype a simulation of AmigaOS multimedia handling
55	High‑Assurance Operating Systems for Defense	Study design for secure, high‑assurance OS in defense	Develop a simulation of a high‑assurance OS kernel	Security and Isolation in Defense OS	Learn techniques for isolating critical processes	Simulate a defense‑oriented access control mechanism	Real‑Time Performance in Safety‑Critical OS	Understand real‑time constraints in defense systems	Prototype a simulation for real‑time performance monitoring
56	Xen and the Quest for Lightweight Virtualization	Study Xen hypervisor architecture	Simulate basic VM isolation with Xen principles	KVM: Kernel‑based Virtual Machine Architecture	Understand integration of virtualization with Linux	Develop a simulation of core KVM functionalities	Containerization: From LXC to Docker	Learn evolution of container technologies	Simulate container isolation with resource limits
57	Virtual Machine Monitors: Concepts and Performance	Understand performance aspects of VMMs	Prototype a basic VMM simulation	Hardware-Assisted Virtualization: Opportunities and Challenges	Explore benefits of hardware virtualization	Simulate hardware‑assisted VM operations	Nested Virtualization: Challenges and Solutions	Study challenges of running virtualization within virtualization	Develop a simulation for nested virtualization scenarios
58	Live Migration Techniques in Virtualization	Understand methods for live VM migration	Prototype a basic live migration simulation	Performance Analysis of Virtualized Systems	Learn key performance metrics in virtualized environments	Develop tools to analyze VM performance	I/O Optimization in Virtual Machines	Study techniques to optimize I/O in VMs	Simulate I/O optimizations in a virtualized environment
59	Resource Scheduling in Virtualized Environments	Study scheduling techniques for VMs	Simulate resource scheduling for virtualized workloads	Overhead Analysis in Virtual Machine Monitors	Understand overheads introduced by VMMs	Profile a simulation to measure VMM overhead	Integration of Containers and Virtual Machines	Explore methods to integrate containers and VMs	Prototype an integration model for containers running within VMs
60	User‑Space Virtualization Techniques	Learn about virtualization implemented in user space	Simulate a basic user‑space virtualization model	Virtual Memory Evolution in Virtualized Systems	Understand virtual memory management in VMs	Develop a simulation of virtual memory in a VM context	Designing for High Availability in Virtualized OS	Learn high availability strategies for VMs	Prototype failover and high‑availability mechanisms for virtualized environments
61	A Distributed Operating System for a Network of Workstations	Understand basics of distributed OS design	Simulate a distributed OS spanning multiple nodes	Scalability in Distributed Systems	Learn scalability principles for distributed OS	Prototype a scalable distributed OS simulation	Fault Tolerance in Distributed OS	Study fault tolerance techniques across nodes	Simulate fault tolerance in a distributed environment
62	The Design of the Amoeba Distributed Operating System	Study Amoeba's distributed OS design concepts	Simulate a distributed OS inspired by Amoeba	Consistent State in Distributed Systems: A Case Study	Learn state consistency techniques	Develop a simulation for state synchronization	Distributed Resource Management in Multi‑node Systems	Understand resource allocation across distributed systems	Prototype resource management for a distributed OS
63	Distributed File Systems and Their Architectures	Study design principles behind distributed file systems	Simulate a basic distributed file system	Implementing Distributed Shared Memory	Learn techniques for shared memory over networks	Prototype a distributed shared memory system	Middleware Support for Distributed OS	Understand middleware roles in distributed systems	Develop a middleware simulation for distributed resource sharing
64	Challenges in Distributed Scheduling and Load Balancing	Explore scheduling issues in distributed environments	Simulate distributed load balancing strategies	Distributed Synchronization Algorithms	Learn synchronization challenges across nodes	Prototype distributed synchronization techniques	Latency and Throughput Optimization in Distributed Environments	Study techniques to optimize distributed OS performance	Develop a simulation to improve latency and throughput
65	Security in Distributed Operating Systems	Understand security challenges in distributed OS	Develop a simulation of distributed security measures	Scalable Communication Protocols for Distributed OS	Learn scalable communication methods	Simulate scalable protocols for distributed systems	Distributed Kernel Architectures: Benefits and Drawbacks	Compare different distributed kernel design approaches	Prototype multiple distributed kernel design simulations
66	Harnessing Heterogeneity in Distributed Systems	Study management of heterogeneous nodes and resources	Simulate resource management in a heterogeneous system	Case Study: The V System in Distributed OS	Learn from practical distributed OS case studies	Prototype features inspired by the V System	Middleware Abstractions for Distributed Resource Sharing	Understand middleware abstractions in distributed environments	Develop a simulation for middleware-based resource sharing
67	Emerging Trends in Distributed Operating Systems	Explore new research directions in distributed OS	Simulate a concept based on emerging trends	Integrating Cloud and Distributed OS Concepts	Learn convergence of cloud and distributed OS ideas	Prototype a hybrid cloud‑distributed OS simulation	Predictive Resource Management in Distributed Environments	Study use of predictive analytics for resource management	Develop a simulation using predictive resource management algorithms
68	Operating Systems for Edge Computing	Understand design adaptations for OS on edge devices	Simulate an OS tailored for edge computing	Designing OS for IoT and Sensor Networks	Learn specialized OS requirements for IoT/sensors	Prototype a lightweight OS for sensor nodes	Adaptive Resource Management in Decentralized Systems	Explore adaptive management in decentralized environments	Develop a simulation for adaptive resource management
69	Machine Learning in Operating System Optimization	Explore ML techniques for enhancing OS performance	Prototype an ML‑based performance optimizer	Self‑Managing Operating Systems: Autonomous OS Concepts	Learn concepts of autonomous OS design	Simulate self‑managing OS behaviors	Toward a Cognitive Operating System	Explore visionary ideas for cognitive OS	Prototype experimental features for a cognitive OS
70	Reflections on 50 Years of OS Research	Review historical milestones and evolution in OS research	Develop a timeline visualization of OS evolution	Challenges and Opportunities in Next‑Generation OS	Identify future challenges and potential OS innovations	Prototype concept scenarios for next‑generation OS ideas	Bridging Theory and Practice in Operating Systems	Understand how theoretical research informs practical OS design	Integrate research insights into a demo OS project

---

Final Projects

Each project spans 3 days, allowing for in-depth exploration and implementation.

1. Build a Minimal Bootable Kernel

   • Create a simple kernel that boots and prints a message to the screen.

2. Implement a Custom Memory Allocator

   • Design and implement a memory allocator with malloc, free, and realloc functionality.

3. Develop a File System Simulator

   • Simulate a basic file system with directory structures, file allocation, and free space management.

4. Create a Process Scheduling Simulator

   • Implement a simulator for various scheduling algorithms like FCFS, SJF, and Round Robin.

5. Design a Virtual Memory Manager

   • Build a virtual memory manager with paging and page replacement algorithms.

6. Develop a Loadable Kernel Module

   • Write a kernel module that interacts with the Linux kernel and performs a specific task.

7. Implement a Network File System

   • Create a basic distributed file system with client-server communication.

8. Build a Real-Time Operating System Kernel

   • Design a minimal RTOS kernel with task scheduling and synchronization primitives.

Contributing

• Detailed code implementations welcome
• Follow coding standards
• Include comprehensive documentation

Learning Objectives

• Deep understanding of Operating System principles
• Practical C programming skills
• Real-world problem-solving techniques

Prerequisites

• C Programming
• Deep Computer Science Knowledge
• Linux/Unix Kernel Understanding Recommended

License

LICENSE

Disclaimer

This is an advanced educational resource for understanding Operating Systems through in-depth implementation.