diff --git a/packages/ERTP/src/displayInfo.js b/packages/ERTP/src/displayInfo.js
index e13578e4d54..e669a9d456d 100644
--- a/packages/ERTP/src/displayInfo.js
+++ b/packages/ERTP/src/displayInfo.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import {
   passStyleOf,
   REMOTE_STYLE,
   getInterfaceOf,
-  Data,
 } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 // TODO: assertSubset and assertKeysAllowed are copied from Zoe. Move
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ export const coerceDisplayInfo = allegedDisplayInfo => {
     assert.equal(Reflect.ownKeys(allegedDisplayInfo).length, 0);
     assert.equal(Object.getPrototypeOf(allegedDisplayInfo), Object.prototype);
     assert.equal(getInterfaceOf(allegedDisplayInfo), undefined);
-    return Data({});
+    return harden({});
   }
   allegedDisplayInfo = pureCopy(allegedDisplayInfo);
   assertDisplayInfo(allegedDisplayInfo);
diff --git a/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/mathHelpers/test-setMathHelpers.js b/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/mathHelpers/test-setMathHelpers.js
index 4b0714b10b0..70217d0ac93 100644
--- a/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/mathHelpers/test-setMathHelpers.js
+++ b/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/mathHelpers/test-setMathHelpers.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import test from 'ava';
 
-import { Far, Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 import { amountMath as m, MathKind } from '../../../src';
 import { mockBrand } from './mockBrand';
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ const runSetMathHelpersTests = (t, [a, b, c], a2 = undefined) => {
     `m.isEmpty([]) is true`,
   );
   t.throws(
-    () => m.isEmpty({ brand: mockBrand, value: Data({}) }),
+    () => m.isEmpty({ brand: mockBrand, value: harden({}) }),
     { message: `value (an object) must be a Nat or an array` },
     `m.isEmpty({}) throws`,
   );
diff --git a/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/test-issuerObj.js b/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/test-issuerObj.js
index 9179a70f8e0..1b2d3ee6632 100644
--- a/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/test-issuerObj.js
+++ b/packages/ERTP/test/unitTests/test-issuerObj.js
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import test from 'ava';
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { MathKind, makeIssuerKit, amountMath } from '../../src';
 
 test('issuer.getBrand, brand.isMyIssuer', t => {
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ test('bad display info', t => {
 });
 
 test('empty display info', t => {
-  const displayInfo = Data({});
+  const displayInfo = harden({});
   const { brand } = makeIssuerKit('fungible', MathKind.NAT, displayInfo);
   t.deepEqual(brand.getDisplayInfo(), displayInfo);
 });
diff --git a/packages/SwingSet/src/kernel/initializeKernel.js b/packages/SwingSet/src/kernel/initializeKernel.js
index 4bc4b72ca97..dd4ea4125ac 100644
--- a/packages/SwingSet/src/kernel/initializeKernel.js
+++ b/packages/SwingSet/src/kernel/initializeKernel.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* eslint-disable no-use-before-define */
 
-import { makeMarshal, Far, Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { makeMarshal, Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { assert, details as X } from '@agoric/assert';
 import { assertKnownOptions } from '../assertOptions';
 import { insistVatID } from './id';
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export function initializeKernel(config, hostStorage, verbose = false) {
     const m = makeMarshal(convertValToSlot, undefined, {
       marshalName: 'kernel:bootstrap',
     });
-    const args = harden([Data(vatObj0s), Data(deviceObj0s)]);
+    const args = harden([vatObj0s, deviceObj0s]);
     // queueToExport() takes kernel-refs (ko+NN, kd+NN) in s.slots
     const rootSlot = makeVatRootObjectSlot();
     const resultKpid = doQueueToExport(
diff --git a/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/captp.js b/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/captp.js
index 3c2ed577d8e..abb775b04d0 100644
--- a/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/captp.js
+++ b/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/captp.js
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // in its own makeHardener, etc.
 import { makeCapTP } from '@agoric/captp/lib/captp';
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 export const getCapTPHandler = (
   send,
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ export const getCapTPHandler = (
   const chans = new Map();
   const doFallback = async (method, ...args) => {
     if (!fallback) {
-      return Data({});
+      return harden({});
     }
     return E(fallback)[method](...args);
   };
diff --git a/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/vat-http.js b/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/vat-http.js
index b55437dee9a..37ef5910213 100644
--- a/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/vat-http.js
+++ b/packages/cosmic-swingset/lib/ag-solo/vats/vat-http.js
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ export function buildRootObject(vatPowers) {
         ...decentralObjects, // TODO: Remove; replaced by .agoric
         ...privateObjects, // TODO: Remove; replaced by .local
         ...handyObjects,
-        agoric: { ...decentralObjects }, // TODO: maybe needs Data()???
+        agoric: { ...decentralObjects },
         local: { ...privateObjects },
       };
 
diff --git a/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/src/lib-wallet.js b/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/src/lib-wallet.js
index 417ab60fee9..e63f2e6f07e 100644
--- a/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/src/lib-wallet.js
+++ b/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/src/lib-wallet.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import { makeIssuerTable } from '@agoric/zoe/src/issuerTable';
 
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
 
-import { makeMarshal, passStyleOf, Far, Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { makeMarshal, passStyleOf, Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { makeNotifierKit, observeNotifier } from '@agoric/notifier';
 import { makePromiseKit } from '@agoric/promise-kit';
 
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ export function makeWallet({
     // Payments are made for the keywords in proposal.give.
     const keywords = [];
 
-    const paymentPs = Object.entries(proposal.give || Data({})).map(
+    const paymentPs = Object.entries(proposal.give || harden({})).map(
       ([keyword, amount]) => {
         const purse = purseKeywordRecord[keyword];
         assert(
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ export function makeWallet({
     // for the offer.
     const payments = await Promise.all(paymentPs);
 
-    const paymentKeywordRecord = Data(
+    const paymentKeywordRecord = harden(
       Object.fromEntries(keywords.map((keyword, i) => [keyword, payments[i]])),
     );
 
@@ -691,15 +691,15 @@ export function makeWallet({
 
   const compileProposal = proposalTemplate => {
     const {
-      want = Data({}),
-      give = Data({}),
+      want = harden({}),
+      give = harden({}),
       exit = { onDemand: null },
     } = proposalTemplate;
 
     const purseKeywordRecord = {};
 
     const compile = amountKeywordRecord => {
-      return Data(
+      return harden(
         Object.fromEntries(
           Object.entries(amountKeywordRecord).map(
             ([keyword, { pursePetname, value }]) => {
diff --git a/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/test/test-lib-wallet.js b/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/test/test-lib-wallet.js
index 5a875e54537..123f234d027 100644
--- a/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/test/test-lib-wallet.js
+++ b/packages/dapp-svelte-wallet/api/test/test-lib-wallet.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import test from 'ava';
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
 import { makeIssuerKit, makeLocalAmountMath } from '@agoric/ertp';
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 import { makeZoe } from '@agoric/zoe';
 import fakeVatAdmin from '@agoric/zoe/src/contractFacet/fakeVatAdmin';
@@ -276,7 +275,7 @@ test('lib-wallet dapp suggests issuer, instance, installation petnames', async t
 
       inviteHandleBoardId,
 
-      proposalTemplate: Data({}),
+      proposalTemplate: {},
     });
 
   const rawId = '1588645041696';
@@ -1201,7 +1200,7 @@ test('addOffer makeContinuingInvitation', async t => {
       instance,
       description: 'FirstThing',
     },
-    proposalTemplate: Data({}),
+    proposalTemplate: harden({}),
   };
 
   await wallet.addOffer(offer);
@@ -1224,7 +1223,7 @@ test('addOffer makeContinuingInvitation', async t => {
       priorOfferId: rawId,
       description: 'SecondThing',
     },
-    proposalTemplate: Data({}),
+    proposalTemplate: harden({}),
   };
 
   await wallet.addOffer(offer2);
diff --git a/packages/swingset-runner/src/vat-launcher.js b/packages/swingset-runner/src/vat-launcher.js
index f0905f191eb..6d3f2c5e35a 100644
--- a/packages/swingset-runner/src/vat-launcher.js
+++ b/packages/swingset-runner/src/vat-launcher.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
-import { Far, Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 /*
  * Vat to launch other vats.
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ export function buildRootObject(_vatPowers, vatParameters) {
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
         const vat = await E(vatMaker).createVatByName(
           bundleName,
-          { metered: vatParameters.metered, vatParameters: Data(subvatParameters) },
+          { metered: vatParameters.metered, vatParameters: harden(subvatParameters) },
         );
         vatRoots[vatName] = vat.root;
       }
       vatRoots.vatAdmin = vats.vatAdmin;
       bootstrapRoot = vatRoots[vatParameters.config.bootstrap];
       // prettier-ignore
-      return E(bootstrapRoot).bootstrap(Data(vatRoots), devices);
+      return E(bootstrapRoot).bootstrap(harden(vatRoots), devices);
     },
     runBenchmarkRound() {
       return E(bootstrapRoot).runBenchmarkRound();
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/cleanProposal.js b/packages/zoe/src/cleanProposal.js
index 982bb100eae..1bbcc24f570 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/cleanProposal.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/cleanProposal.js
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { assert, details as X, q } from '@agoric/assert';
 import { mustBeComparable } from '@agoric/same-structure';
 import { isNat } from '@agoric/nat';
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 import '../exported';
 import './internal-types';
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ export const cleanProposal = (getAmountMath, proposal) => {
   assertKeysAllowed(rootKeysAllowed, proposal);
 
   // We fill in the default values if the keys are undefined.
-  let { want = Data({}), give = Data({}) } = proposal;
+  let { want = harden({}), give = harden({}) } = proposal;
   const { exit = harden({ onDemand: null }) } = proposal;
 
   want = coerceAmountKeywordRecord(getAmountMath, want);
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/contractFacet.js b/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/contractFacet.js
index 8a1ca3e02f1..20ed0de0966 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/contractFacet.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/contractFacet.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import { assert, details as X, q, makeAssert } from '@agoric/assert';
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
 import { makeStore, makeWeakStore } from '@agoric/store';
-import { Far, Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 import { makeAmountMath, MathKind } from '@agoric/ertp';
 import { makeNotifierKit, observeNotifier } from '@agoric/notifier';
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ export function buildRootObject(powers, _params, testJigSetter = undefined) {
     };
 
     const makeEmptySeatKit = (exit = undefined) => {
-      const initialAllocation = Data({});
+      const initialAllocation = harden({});
       const proposal = cleanProposal(getAmountMath, harden({ exit }));
       const { notifier, updater } = makeNotifierKit();
       /** @type {PromiseRecord<ZoeSeatAdmin>} */
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ export function buildRootObject(powers, _params, testJigSetter = undefined) {
               : amountToAdd;
             return [seatKeyword, newAmount];
           });
-          const newAllocation = Data({
+          const newAllocation = harden({
             ...oldAllocation,
             ...updates,
           });
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ export function buildRootObject(powers, _params, testJigSetter = undefined) {
               return [seatKeyword, newAmount];
             },
           );
-          const newAllocation = Data({
+          const newAllocation = harden({
             ...oldAllocation,
             ...updates,
           });
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ export function buildRootObject(powers, _params, testJigSetter = undefined) {
       makeInvitation: (
         offerHandler = () => {},
         description,
-        customProperties = Data({}),
+        customProperties = harden({}),
       ) => {
         assert.typeof(
           description,
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/seat.js b/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/seat.js
index 9ad34dfe2ed..31481ac04d3 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/seat.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/contractFacet/seat.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
 import { assert, details as X } from '@agoric/assert';
-import { Data, Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 import { isOfferSafe } from './offerSafety';
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export const makeZcfSeatAdminKit = (
     },
     isOfferSafe: newAllocation => {
       assertExitedFalse();
-      const reallocation = Data({
+      const reallocation = harden({
         ...currentAllocation,
         ...newAllocation,
       });
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export const makeZcfSeatAdminKit = (
     stage: newAllocation => {
       assertExitedFalse();
       // Check offer safety.
-      const allocation = Data({
+      const allocation = harden({
         ...currentAllocation,
         ...newAllocation,
       });
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/contractSupport/zoeHelpers.js b/packages/zoe/src/contractSupport/zoeHelpers.js
index 61e0eb08924..60ebd67718b 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/contractSupport/zoeHelpers.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/contractSupport/zoeHelpers.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
 import { makePromiseKit } from '@agoric/promise-kit';
 
 import { MathKind } from '@agoric/ertp';
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { satisfiesWant } from '../contractFacet/offerSafety';
 import { objectMap } from '../objArrayConversion';
 
@@ -409,7 +408,7 @@ export async function withdrawFromSeat(zcf, seat, amounts) {
  * @param {IssuerKeywordRecord} issuerKeywordRecord Issuers to save to
  * ZCF
  */
-export async function saveAllIssuers(zcf, issuerKeywordRecord = Data({})) {
+export async function saveAllIssuers(zcf, issuerKeywordRecord = harden({})) {
   const { issuers } = zcf.getTerms();
   const issuersPSaved = Object.entries(issuerKeywordRecord).map(
     ([keyword, issuer]) => {
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/contracts/otcDesk.js b/packages/zoe/src/contracts/otcDesk.js
index f8935544708..315a0c4d69c 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/contracts/otcDesk.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/contracts/otcDesk.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
 import { assert } from '@agoric/assert';
-import { Data, Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import {
   trade,
   offerTo,
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ const start = zcf => {
      * @param {IssuerKeywordRecord=} issuerKeywordRecord
      * @returns {Promise<Payment>}
      */
-    makeAddInventoryInvitation: async (issuerKeywordRecord = Data({})) => {
+    makeAddInventoryInvitation: async (issuerKeywordRecord = harden({})) => {
       await saveAllIssuers(zcf, issuerKeywordRecord);
       return zcf.makeInvitation(addInventory, 'addInventory');
     },
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/objArrayConversion.js b/packages/zoe/src/objArrayConversion.js
index 14da64d04a4..b88bd71646d 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/objArrayConversion.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/objArrayConversion.js
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 // @ts-check
 
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { assert, details as X, q } from '@agoric/assert';
 
 /**
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ export const arrayToObj = (array, keys) => {
     /** @type {Record<U, T>} */
     ({});
   keys.forEach((key, i) => (obj[key] = array[i]));
-  return Data(obj);
+  return harden(obj);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -88,5 +87,5 @@ export const assertSubset = (whole, part) => {
 export const objectMap = (original, mapPairFn) => {
   const ents = /** @type {[K, T][]} */ (Object.entries(original));
   const mapEnts = ents.map(ent => mapPairFn(ent));
-  return /** @type {Record<K, U>} */ (Data(Object.fromEntries(mapEnts)));
+  return /** @type {Record<K, U>} */ (harden(Object.fromEntries(mapEnts)));
 };
diff --git a/packages/zoe/src/zoeService/zoe.js b/packages/zoe/src/zoeService/zoe.js
index 11ae30a2beb..cd2d703811a 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/src/zoeService/zoe.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/src/zoeService/zoe.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { makeIssuerKit, MathKind } from '@agoric/ertp';
 import '../../exported';
 import '../internal-types';
 
-import { Data, Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { makeIssuerTable } from '../issuerTable';
 import { makeZoeSeatAdminKit } from './zoeSeat';
 import zcfContractBundle from '../../bundles/bundle-contractFacet';
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ function makeZoe(vatAdminSvc, zcfBundleName = undefined) {
     },
     startInstance: async (
       installationP,
-      uncleanIssuerKeywordRecord = Data({}),
-      customTerms = Data({}),
+      uncleanIssuerKeywordRecord = harden({}),
+      customTerms = harden({}),
     ) => {
       /** @param {Issuer[]} issuers */
       const initIssuers = issuers =>
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ function makeZoe(vatAdminSvc, zcfBundleName = undefined) {
         zoeService,
         invitationIssuer,
         zoeInstanceAdminForZcf,
-        Data({ ...instanceRecord }),
+        harden({ ...instanceRecord }),
       );
 
       addSeatObjPromiseKit.resolve(addSeatObj);
@@ -395,8 +395,8 @@ function makeZoe(vatAdminSvc, zcfBundleName = undefined) {
     },
     offer: async (
       invitation,
-      uncleanProposal = Data({}),
-      paymentKeywordRecord = Data({}),
+      uncleanProposal = harden({}),
+      paymentKeywordRecord = harden({}),
     ) => {
       return invitationKit.issuer.burn(invitation).then(
         invitationAmount => {
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-offerTo.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-offerTo.js
index 6736ee08f2f..a559c36d835 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-offerTo.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-offerTo.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import '@agoric/install-ses';
 import test from 'ava';
 
 import { E } from '@agoric/eventual-send';
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import bundleSource from '@agoric/bundle-source';
 
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ test(`offerTo - basic usage`, async t => {
   const { zcfSeat: fromSeatContractA } = await makeOffer(
     zoe,
     zcfA,
-    harden({ want: Data({}), give: { TokenK: bucks(5) } }),
+    harden({ want: harden({}), give: { TokenK: bucks(5) } }),
     harden({ TokenK: bucksMint.mintPayment(bucks(5)) }),
   );
 
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-zoeHelpers.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-zoeHelpers.js
index 2d7f1060bf3..4adc4fecaff 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-zoeHelpers.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contractSupport/test-zoeHelpers.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import '@agoric/install-ses';
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import test from 'ava';
-import { Far, Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
+import { Far } from '@agoric/marshal';
 
 import makeStore from '@agoric/store';
 import { setup } from '../setupBasicMints';
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ test('ZoeHelpers satisfies blank proposal', t => {
   const { moolaR, moola } = setup();
   const fakeZcfSeat = Far('fakeZcfSeat', {
     getCurrentAllocation: () => harden({ Asset: moola(10) }),
-    getProposal: () => Data({}),
+    getProposal: () => harden({}),
   });
   const mockZCFBuilder = makeMockTradingZcfBuilder();
   mockZCFBuilder.addBrand(moolaR);
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/loan/test-liquidate.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/loan/test-liquidate.js
index 39ad12f5728..df3f6eb88ee 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/loan/test-liquidate.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/contracts/loan/test-liquidate.js
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import '@agoric/install-ses';
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import test from 'ava';
 
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { doLiquidation } from '../../../../src/contracts/loan/liquidate';
 
 import {
@@ -24,8 +23,8 @@ test('test doLiquidation with mocked autoswap', async t => {
   // Set up the lender seat. At this point the lender has nothing.
   const { zcfSeat: lenderSeat, userSeat: lenderUserSeat } = await makeSeatKit(
     zcf,
-    { give: Data({}) },
-    Data({}),
+    { give: harden({}) },
+    harden({}),
   );
 
   const collateral = collateralKit.amountMath.make(10);
@@ -113,8 +112,8 @@ test('test with malfunctioning autoswap', async t => {
   // Set up the lender seat. At this point the lender has nothing.
   const { zcfSeat: lenderSeat, userSeat: lenderUserSeat } = await makeSeatKit(
     zcf,
-    { give: Data({}) },
-    Data({}),
+    { give: harden({}) },
+    harden({}),
   );
 
   const collateral = collateralKit.amountMath.make(10);
diff --git a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/test-cleanProposal.js b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/test-cleanProposal.js
index 99cb691ceec..74fab64f007 100644
--- a/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/test-cleanProposal.js
+++ b/packages/zoe/test/unitTests/test-cleanProposal.js
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import '@agoric/install-ses';
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import test from 'ava';
 import { makeWeakStore } from '@agoric/store';
-import { Data } from '@agoric/marshal';
 import { cleanProposal } from '../../src/cleanProposal';
 import { setup } from './setupBasicMints';
 import buildManualTimer from '../../tools/manualTimer';
@@ -45,14 +44,14 @@ test('cleanProposal - all empty', t => {
   const getAmountMathForBrand = brandToAmountMath.get;
 
   const proposal = harden({
-    give: Data({}),
-    want: Data({}),
+    give: harden({}),
+    want: harden({}),
     exit: { waived: null },
   });
 
   const expected = harden({
-    give: Data({}),
-    want: Data({}),
+    give: harden({}),
+    want: harden({}),
     exit: { waived: null },
   });