diff --git a/backend/go.mod b/backend/go.mod
index c539f0a3..cc7bb444 100644
--- a/backend/go.mod
+++ b/backend/go.mod
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gofiber/utils v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.7 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
@@ -95,12 +95,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/valyala/fasthttp v1.52.0 // indirect
 	github.com/valyala/tcplisten v1.0.0 // indirect
-	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.14.0 // indirect
+	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.15.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240404231335-c0f41cb1a7a0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240409090435-93d18d7e34b8 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.24.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.20.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/backend/go.sum b/backend/go.sum
index 602dea87..7b3b7d2e 100644
--- a/backend/go.sum
+++ b/backend/go.sum
@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@ github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+o
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6/go.mod h1:/3/Vjq9QcHkK5uEr5lBEmyoZ1iFhe47etQ6QUkpK6sk=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.7 h1:ehO88t2UGzQK66LMdE8tibEd1ErmzZjNEqWkjLAKQQg=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.7/go.mod h1:Di0epgTjJY877eYKx5yC51cX2A2Vl2ibi7bDH9ttBbw=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8 h1:YcnTYrq7MikUT7k0Yb5eceMmALQPYBW/Xltxn0NAMnU=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8/go.mod h1:Di0epgTjJY877eYKx5yC51cX2A2Vl2ibi7bDH9ttBbw=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7 h1:ZWSB3igEs+d0qvnxR/ZBzXVmxkgt8DdzP6m9pfuVLDM=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7/go.mod h1:Lcz8mBdAVJIBVzewtcLocK12l3Y+JytZYpaMropDUws=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
@@ -236,6 +238,8 @@ github.com/zeebo/xxh3 v1.0.2/go.mod h1:5NWz9Sef7zIDm2JHfFlcQvNekmcEl9ekUZQQKCYaD
 go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.4/go.mod h1:PTSz5yu21bkT/wXpkS7WR5f0ddqw5quethTUn9WM+2g=
 go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.14.0 h1:P98w8egYRjYe3XDjxhYJagTokP/H6HzlsnojRgZRd80=
 go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.14.0/go.mod h1:Vzb0Mk/pa7e6cWw85R4F/endUC3u0U9jGcNU603k65c=
+go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.15.0 h1:rJCKC8eEliewXjZGf0ddURtl7tTVy1TK3bfl0gkUSLc=
+go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.15.0/go.mod h1:Vzb0Mk/pa7e6cWw85R4F/endUC3u0U9jGcNU603k65c=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.2.1/go.mod h1:qlT2yGI9QafXHhZZLxlSuNsMw3FFLxBr+tBRlmO1xH4=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
@@ -251,6 +255,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.22.0 h1:g1v0xeRhjcugydODzvb3mEM9SQ0HGp9s/nh3COQ/C30=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.22.0/go.mod h1:vr6Su+7cTlO45qkww3VDJlzDn0ctJvRgYbC2NvXHt+M=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240404231335-c0f41cb1a7a0 h1:985EYyeCOxTpcgOTJpflJUwOeEz0CQOdPt73OzpE9F8=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240404231335-c0f41cb1a7a0/go.mod h1:/lliqkxwWAhPjf5oSOIJup2XcqJaw8RGS6k3TGEc7GI=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240409090435-93d18d7e34b8 h1:ESSUROHIBHg7USnszlcdmjBEwdMj9VUvU+OPk4yl2mc=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240409090435-93d18d7e34b8/go.mod h1:/lliqkxwWAhPjf5oSOIJup2XcqJaw8RGS6k3TGEc7GI=
 golang.org/x/image v0.15.0 h1:kOELfmgrmJlw4Cdb7g/QGuB3CvDrXbqEIww/pNtNBm8=
 golang.org/x/image v0.15.0/go.mod h1:HUYqC05R2ZcZ3ejNQsIHQDQiwWM4JBqmm6MKANTp4LE=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
@@ -288,8 +294,6 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 h1:ScX5w1eTa3QqT8oi6+ziP7dTV1S2+ALU0bI+0zXKWiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
diff --git a/backend/handlers/admin_api.go b/backend/handlers/admin_api.go
index d0eb8cc2..40b8282a 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/admin_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/admin_api.go
@@ -1,12 +1,25 @@
 package handlers
 
 import (
+	"chulbong-kr/middlewares"
 	"chulbong-kr/services"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
 )
 
-func ListUnreferencedS3ObjectsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+// RegisterAdminRoutes sets up the routes for admin handling within the application.
+func RegisterAdminRoutes(api fiber.Router) {
+	api.Post("/chat/ban/:markerID/:userID", middlewares.AdminOnly, banUserHandler)
+
+	adminGroup := api.Group("/admin")
+	{
+		adminGroup.Use(middlewares.AdminOnly)
+		adminGroup.Get("/dead", listUnreferencedS3ObjectsHandler)
+	}
+}
+
+func listUnreferencedS3ObjectsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	killSwitch := c.Query("kill", "n")
 
 	dbURLs, err := services.FetchAllPhotoURLsFromDB()
@@ -29,3 +42,49 @@ func ListUnreferencedS3ObjectsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 
 	return c.JSON(unreferenced)
 }
+
+func banUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+	// Extract markerID and userID from the path parameters
+	markerID := c.Params("markerID")
+	userID := c.Params("userID")
+
+	// assert duration is sent in the request body as JSON
+	var requestBody struct {
+		DurationInMinutes int `json:"duration"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BodyParser(&requestBody); err != nil {
+		requestBody = struct {
+			DurationInMinutes int `json:"duration"`
+		}{
+			DurationInMinutes: 5, // default 5 minutes banned
+		}
+		// return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{
+		// 	"error": "Invalid request format",
+		// })
+	}
+
+	if requestBody.DurationInMinutes < 1 {
+		requestBody.DurationInMinutes = 5
+	} else if requestBody.DurationInMinutes > 15 {
+		requestBody.DurationInMinutes = 10 // max 10 minutes
+	}
+
+	// Convert duration to time.Duration
+	duration := time.Duration(requestBody.DurationInMinutes) * time.Minute
+
+	// Call the BanUser method on the manager instance
+	err := services.WsRoomManager.BanUser(markerID, userID, duration)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Log the error or handle it as needed
+		// log.Printf("Error banning user %s from room %s: %v", userID, markerID, err)
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{
+			"error": "Failed to ban user",
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Return success response
+	return c.JSON(fiber.Map{
+		"message": "User successfully banned",
+		"time":    duration,
+	})
+}
diff --git a/backend/handlers/auth_api.go b/backend/handlers/auth_api.go
index 5e255e11..9a9d44f3 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/auth_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/auth_api.go
@@ -2,16 +2,40 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"chulbong-kr/dto"
+	"chulbong-kr/middlewares"
 	"chulbong-kr/services"
 	"chulbong-kr/utils"
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
 )
 
+// RegisterAuthRoutes sets up the routes for auth handling within the application.
+func RegisterAuthRoutes(api fiber.Router) {
+	oauth2 := generateOAuthConfig()
+
+	api.Get("/google", getGoogleAuthHandler(oauth2))
+	authGroup := api.Group("/auth")
+	{
+		authGroup.Post("/signup", signUpHandler)
+		authGroup.Post("/login", loginHandler)
+		authGroup.Post("/logout", middlewares.AuthMiddleware, logoutHandler)
+		authGroup.Get("/google/callback", getGoogleCallbackHandler(oauth2))
+		authGroup.Post("/verify-email/send", sendVerificationEmailHandler)
+		authGroup.Post("/verify-email/confirm", validateTokenHandler)
+
+		// Finding password
+		authGroup.Post("/request-password-reset", requestResetPasswordHandler)
+		authGroup.Post("/reset-password", resetPasswordHandler)
+	}
+}
+
 // SignUp User godoc
 //
 //	@Summary		Sign up a new user [normal]
@@ -31,7 +55,7 @@ import (
 //	@Failure		409	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Email already registered"
 //	@Failure		500	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"An error occurred while creating the user"
 //	@Router			/auth/signup [post]
-func SignUpHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func signUpHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	var signUpReq dto.SignUpRequest
 	if err := c.BodyParser(&signUpReq); err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Cannot parse JSON, wrong sign up form."})
@@ -80,7 +104,7 @@ func SignUpHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 // @Failure	401	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Invalid email or password"
 // @Failure	500	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Failed to generate token"
 // @Router		/auth/login [post]
-func LoginHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func loginHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	var request dto.LoginRequest
 	if err := c.BodyParser(&request); err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -109,7 +133,7 @@ func LoginHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(response)
 }
 
-func LogoutHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func logoutHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Retrieve user ID from context or session
 	userID, ok := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 	if !ok {
@@ -150,7 +174,7 @@ func LogoutHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 // @Failure	409	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Email already registered"
 // @Failure	500	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"An unexpected error occurred"
 // @Router		/auth/send-verification-email [post]
-func SendVerificationEmailHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func sendVerificationEmailHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userEmail := c.FormValue("email")
 	_, err := services.GetUserByEmail(userEmail)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -212,7 +236,7 @@ func SendVerificationEmailHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 // @Failure	400	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Invalid or expired token"
 // @Failure	500	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Error validating token"
 // @Router		/auth/validate-token [post]
-func ValidateTokenHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func validateTokenHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	token := c.FormValue("token")
 	email := c.FormValue("email")
 
@@ -245,7 +269,7 @@ func ValidateTokenHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 // @Success	200	"Password reset request initiated successfully"
 // @Failure	500	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Failed to request reset password"
 // @Router		/auth/request-reset-password [post]
-func RequestResetPasswordHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func requestResetPasswordHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	email := c.FormValue("email")
 
 	// Generate the password reset token
@@ -286,7 +310,7 @@ func RequestResetPasswordHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 // @Success	200	"Password reset successfully"
 // @Failure	500	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Failed to reset password"
 // @Router		/auth/reset-password [post]
-func ResetPasswordHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func resetPasswordHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	token := c.FormValue("token")
 	newPassword := c.FormValue("password")
 
@@ -297,3 +321,14 @@ func ResetPasswordHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 
 	return c.SendStatus(fiber.StatusOK)
 }
+
+func generateOAuthConfig() *oauth2.Config {
+	// OAuth2 Configuration
+	return &oauth2.Config{
+		ClientID:     os.Getenv("G_CLIENT_ID"),
+		ClientSecret: os.Getenv("G_CLIENT_SECRET"),
+		RedirectURL:  os.Getenv("G_REDIRECT"),
+		Scopes:       []string{"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile"},
+		Endpoint:     google.Endpoint,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/backend/handlers/chat_api.go b/backend/handlers/chat_api.go
index 7a1bd8b2..deecb0c2 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/chat_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/chat_api.go
@@ -123,49 +123,3 @@ func GetRoomUsersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 
 	return c.JSON(fiber.Map{"connections": connections, "total_users": len(connections)})
 }
-
-func BanUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
-	// Extract markerID and userID from the path parameters
-	markerID := c.Params("markerID")
-	userID := c.Params("userID")
-
-	// assert duration is sent in the request body as JSON
-	var requestBody struct {
-		DurationInMinutes int `json:"duration"`
-	}
-	if err := c.BodyParser(&requestBody); err != nil {
-		requestBody = struct {
-			DurationInMinutes int `json:"duration"`
-		}{
-			DurationInMinutes: 5, // default 5 minutes banned
-		}
-		// return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{
-		// 	"error": "Invalid request format",
-		// })
-	}
-
-	if requestBody.DurationInMinutes < 1 {
-		requestBody.DurationInMinutes = 5
-	} else if requestBody.DurationInMinutes > 15 {
-		requestBody.DurationInMinutes = 10 // max 10 minutes
-	}
-
-	// Convert duration to time.Duration
-	duration := time.Duration(requestBody.DurationInMinutes) * time.Minute
-
-	// Call the BanUser method on the manager instance
-	err := services.WsRoomManager.BanUser(markerID, userID, duration)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Log the error or handle it as needed
-		// log.Printf("Error banning user %s from room %s: %v", userID, markerID, err)
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{
-			"error": "Failed to ban user",
-		})
-	}
-
-	// Return success response
-	return c.JSON(fiber.Map{
-		"message": "User successfully banned",
-		"time":    duration,
-	})
-}
diff --git a/backend/handlers/comment_api.go b/backend/handlers/comment_api.go
index 9b59f31e..8a3be2c6 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/comment_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/comment_api.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"chulbong-kr/dto"
+	"chulbong-kr/middlewares"
 	"chulbong-kr/services"
 	"chulbong-kr/utils"
 	"strconv"
@@ -9,8 +10,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
 )
 
-// PostCommentHandler creates a new comment
-func PostCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+// RegisterCommentRoutes sets up the routes for comments handling within the application.
+func RegisterCommentRoutes(api fiber.Router) {
+	api.Get("/comments/:markerId/comments", loadCommentsHandler)
+
+	commentGroup := api.Group("/comments")
+	{
+		commentGroup.Use(middlewares.AuthMiddleware)
+		commentGroup.Post("", postCommentHandler)
+		commentGroup.Patch("/:commentId", updateCommentHandler)
+		commentGroup.Delete("/:commentId", removeCommentHandler)
+	}
+}
+
+// postCommentHandler creates a new comment
+func postCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userID := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 	var req dto.CommentRequest
 	if err := c.BodyParser(&req); err != nil {
@@ -19,7 +33,7 @@ func PostCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 
 	containsBadWord, _ := utils.CheckForBadWords(req.CommentText)
 	if containsBadWord {
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).SendString("Comment contains inappropriate content.")
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Comment contains inappropriate content."})
 	}
 
 	comment, err := services.CreateComment(req.MarkerID, userID, req.CommentText)
@@ -29,7 +43,7 @@ func PostCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.Status(fiber.StatusOK).JSON(comment)
 }
 
-func UpdateCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func updateCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	commentID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Params("commentId"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid comment ID"})
@@ -47,16 +61,16 @@ func UpdateCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Call the service function to update the comment
 	if err := services.UpdateComment(commentID, userID, request.CommentText); err != nil {
 		if err.Error() == "comment not found or not owned by user" {
-			return c.Status(fiber.StatusNotFound).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": err.Error()})
+			return c.Status(fiber.StatusNotFound).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Failed to update the comment"})
 		}
 		// Handle other potential errors
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Failed to update comment"})
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Failed to update the comment"})
 	}
 
 	return c.Status(fiber.StatusOK).JSON(fiber.Map{"message": "Comment updated successfully"})
 }
 
-func RemoveCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func removeCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	commentID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Params("commentId"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid comment ID"})
@@ -75,7 +89,7 @@ func RemoveCommentHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.Status(fiber.StatusOK).JSON(fiber.Map{"message": "Comment removed successfully"})
 }
 
-func LoadCommentsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func loadCommentsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	var params dto.CommentLoadParams
 	if err := c.QueryParser(&params); err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid query parameters"})
diff --git a/backend/handlers/marker_api.go b/backend/handlers/marker_api.go
index 0f0ca635..de74ede6 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/marker_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/marker_api.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"chulbong-kr/dto"
+	"chulbong-kr/middlewares"
 	"chulbong-kr/models"
 	"chulbong-kr/protos"
 	"chulbong-kr/services"
@@ -26,7 +27,55 @@ var (
 	CacheMutex        sync.RWMutex
 )
 
-func CreateMarkerWithPhotosHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+// RegisterMarkerRoutes sets up the routes for markers handling within the application.
+func RegisterMarkerRoutes(api fiber.Router) {
+	// Marker routes
+	// api.Get("/markers2", handlers.GetAllMarkersHandler)
+	// api.Get("/markers2", handlers.GetAllMarkersProtoHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers", getAllMarkersLocalHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/new", getAllNewMarkersHandler)
+
+	// api.Get("/markers-addr", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.GetAllMarkersWithAddrHandler)
+	// api.Post("/markers-addr", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.UpdateMarkersAddressesHandler)
+	// api.Get("/markers-db", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.GetMarkersClosebyAdmin)
+
+	api.Get("/markers/:markerId/details", middlewares.AuthSoftMiddleware, getMarker)
+	api.Get("/markers/:markerID/facilities", getFacilitiesHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/close", findCloseMarkersHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/ranking", getMarkerRankingHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/unique-ranking", getUniqueVisitorCountHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/unique-ranking/all", getAllUniqueVisitorCountHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/area-ranking", getCurrentAreaMarkerRankingHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/convert", convertWGS84ToWCONGNAMULHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/location-check", isInSouthKoreaHandler)
+	api.Get("/markers/weather", getWeatherByWGS84Handler)
+
+	api.Get("/markers/save-offline", saveOfflineMap2Handler)
+
+	api.Post("/markers/upload", middlewares.AdminOnly, uploadMarkerPhotoToS3Handler)
+
+	markerGroup := api.Group("/markers")
+	{
+		markerGroup.Use(middlewares.AuthMiddleware)
+
+		markerGroup.Get("/my", getUserMarkersHandler)
+		markerGroup.Get("/:markerID/dislike-status", checkDislikeStatus)
+		// markerGroup.Get("/:markerId", handlers.GetMarker)
+
+		markerGroup.Post("/new", createMarkerWithPhotosHandler)
+		markerGroup.Post("/facilities", setMarkerFacilitiesHandler)
+		markerGroup.Post("/:markerID/dislike", leaveDislikeHandler)
+		markerGroup.Post("/:markerID/favorites", addFavoriteHandler)
+
+		markerGroup.Put("/:markerID", updateMarker)
+
+		markerGroup.Delete("/:markerID", deleteMarkerHandler)
+		markerGroup.Delete("/:markerID/dislike", undoDislikeHandler)
+		markerGroup.Delete("/:markerID/favorites", removeFavoriteHandler)
+	}
+}
+
+func createMarkerWithPhotosHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// go services.ResetCache(services.ALL_MARKERS_KEY)
 	CacheMutex.Lock()
 	MarkersLocalCache = nil
@@ -41,12 +90,12 @@ func CreateMarkerWithPhotosHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Check if latitude and longitude are provided
 	latitude, longitude, err := GetLatLngFromForm(form)
 	if err != nil {
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": err.Error()})
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Failed to parse latitude/longitude"})
 	}
 
 	// Location Must Be Inside South Korea
 	if !utils.IsInSouthKoreaPrecisely(latitude, longitude) {
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusForbidden).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Operations only allowed within South Korea."})
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusForbidden).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Operations are only allowed within South Korea."})
 	}
 
 	// Checking if there's a marker close to the latitude and longitude
@@ -57,7 +106,7 @@ func CreateMarkerWithPhotosHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Set default description if it's empty or not provided
 	description := GetDescriptionFromForm(form)
 	if containsBadWord, _ := utils.CheckForBadWords(description); containsBadWord {
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).SendString("Comment contains inappropriate content.")
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Comment contains inappropriate content."})
 	}
 
 	userId := c.Locals("userID").(int)
@@ -79,7 +128,7 @@ func CreateMarkerWithPhotosHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.Status(fiber.StatusCreated).JSON(marker)
 }
 
-func GetAllMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getAllMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	cachedMarkers, cacheErr := services.GetCacheEntry[[]dto.MarkerSimple](services.ALL_MARKERS_KEY)
 	if cacheErr == nil && cachedMarkers != nil {
 		// Cache hit
@@ -97,7 +146,7 @@ func GetAllMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(markers)
 }
 
-func GetAllMarkersLocalHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getAllMarkersLocalHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	CacheMutex.RLock()
 	cached := MarkersLocalCache
 	CacheMutex.RUnlock()
@@ -130,7 +179,7 @@ func GetAllMarkersLocalHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.Send(markersJSON)
 }
 
-func GetAllMarkersProtoHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getAllMarkersProtoHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markers, err := services.GetAllMarkersProto()
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -150,7 +199,7 @@ func GetAllMarkersProtoHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // GetAllNewMarkersHandler handles requests to fetch a paginated list of newly added markers.
-func GetAllNewMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getAllNewMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Extract page and pageSize from query parameters. Provide default values if not specified.
 	page, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Query("page", "1")) // Default to page 1 if not specified
 	if err != nil {
@@ -172,7 +221,7 @@ func GetAllNewMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // ADMIN
-func GetAllMarkersWithAddrHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getAllMarkersWithAddrHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markersWithPhotos, err := services.GetAllMarkersWithAddr()
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -182,7 +231,7 @@ func GetAllMarkersWithAddrHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // GetMarker handler
-func GetMarker(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getMarker(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markerID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Params("markerId"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid Marker ID"})
@@ -215,7 +264,7 @@ func GetMarker(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // UpdateMarker updates an existing marker
-func UpdateMarker(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func updateMarker(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markerID, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.Params("markerID"))
 	description := c.FormValue("description")
 
@@ -227,7 +276,7 @@ func UpdateMarker(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // DeleteMarkerHandler handles the HTTP request to delete a marker.
-func DeleteMarkerHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func deleteMarkerHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Auth
 	userID := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 	userRole := c.Locals("role").(string)
@@ -259,7 +308,7 @@ func DeleteMarkerHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // UploadMarkerPhotoToS3Handler to upload a file to S3
-func UploadMarkerPhotoToS3Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func uploadMarkerPhotoToS3Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Parse the multipart form
 	form, err := c.MultipartForm()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -286,35 +335,8 @@ func UploadMarkerPhotoToS3Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(fiber.Map{"urls": urls})
 }
 
-// DeleteObjectFromS3Handler handles requests to delete objects from S3.
-func DeleteObjectFromS3Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
-	var requestBody struct {
-		ObjectURL string `json:"objectUrl"`
-	}
-	if err := c.BodyParser(&requestBody); err != nil {
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Request body is not valid"})
-	}
-
-	// Ensure the object URL is not empty
-	if requestBody.ObjectURL == "" {
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Object URL is required"})
-	}
-
-	// Call the service function to delete the object from S3
-	if err := services.DeleteDataFromS3(requestBody.ObjectURL); err != nil {
-		// Determine if the error should be a 404 not found or a 500 internal server error
-		if err.Error() == "object not found" {
-			return c.Status(fiber.StatusNotFound).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Object not found"})
-		}
-		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Failed to delete object from S3"})
-	}
-
-	// Return a success response
-	return c.SendStatus(fiber.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
 // / DISLIKE
-func LeaveDislikeHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func leaveDislikeHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Auth
 	userID := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 
@@ -335,7 +357,7 @@ func LeaveDislikeHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.SendStatus(fiber.StatusOK)
 }
 
-func UndoDislikeHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func undoDislikeHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Auth
 	userID := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 
@@ -355,7 +377,7 @@ func UndoDislikeHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.SendStatus(fiber.StatusOK)
 }
 
-func GetUserMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getUserMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userID, ok := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 	if !ok {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "User not authenticated"})
@@ -403,7 +425,7 @@ func GetUserMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // CheckDislikeStatus handler
-func CheckDislikeStatus(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func checkDislikeStatus(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userID := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 	markerID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Params("markerID"))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -419,7 +441,7 @@ func CheckDislikeStatus(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // AddFavoriteHandler adds a new favorite marker for the user.
-func AddFavoriteHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func addFavoriteHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userData, err := services.GetUserFromContext(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err // fiber err
@@ -456,7 +478,7 @@ func AddFavoriteHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	})
 }
 
-func RemoveFavoriteHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func removeFavoriteHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userID, ok := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 	if !ok {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "User ID not found"})
@@ -483,7 +505,7 @@ func RemoveFavoriteHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // GetFacilitiesHandler handles requests to get facilities by marker ID.
-func GetFacilitiesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getFacilitiesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markerID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Params("markerID"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid Marker ID"})
@@ -514,7 +536,7 @@ func GetFacilitiesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(facilities)
 }
 
-func SetMarkerFacilitiesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func setMarkerFacilitiesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	var req dto.FacilityRequest
 	if err := c.BodyParser(&req); err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Cannot parse request"})
@@ -530,7 +552,7 @@ func SetMarkerFacilitiesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // UpdateMarkersAddressesHandler handles the request to update all markers' addresses.
-func UpdateMarkersAddressesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func updateMarkersAddressesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	updatedMarkers, err := services.UpdateMarkersAddresses()
 	if err != nil {
 		// Log the error and return a generic error message to the client
diff --git a/backend/handlers/marker_location_api.go b/backend/handlers/marker_location_api.go
index e4ea31ef..3c7fedf3 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/marker_location_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/marker_location_api.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 // @Failure	404	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"No markers found within the specified distance"
 // @Failure	500	{object}	map[string]interface{}	"Internal server error"
 // @Router		/markers/close [get]
-func FindCloseMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func findCloseMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	var params dto.QueryParams
 	if err := c.QueryParser(&params); err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid query parameters"})
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func FindCloseMarkersHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	})
 }
 
-func GetCurrentAreaMarkerRankingHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getCurrentAreaMarkerRankingHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	latParam := c.Query("latitude")
 	longParam := c.Query("longitude")
 	limitParam := c.Query("limit", "5") // Default limit
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func GetCurrentAreaMarkerRankingHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(markers)
 }
 
-func GetMarkersClosebyAdmin(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getMarkersClosebyAdmin(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markers, err := services.CheckNearbyMarkersInDB()
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Failed to retrieve markers: " + err.Error()})
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func GetMarkersClosebyAdmin(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(markers)
 }
 
-func GetWeatherByWGS84Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getWeatherByWGS84Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	latParam := c.Query("latitude")
 	longParam := c.Query("longitude")
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func GetWeatherByWGS84Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 
 	return c.JSON(result)
 }
-func ConvertWGS84ToWCONGNAMULHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func convertWGS84ToWCONGNAMULHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	latParam := c.Query("latitude")
 	longParam := c.Query("longitude")
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func ConvertWGS84ToWCONGNAMULHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(result)
 }
 
-func IsInSouthKoreaHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func isInSouthKoreaHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	latParam := c.Query("latitude")
 	longParam := c.Query("longitude")
 
@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ func IsInSouthKoreaHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(fiber.Map{"result": result})
 }
 
-func SaveOfflineMapHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+// DEPRECATED: Use version 2
+func saveOfflineMapHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	latParam := c.Query("latitude")
 	longParam := c.Query("longitude")
 
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ func SaveOfflineMapHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.Download(pdf)
 }
 
-func SaveOfflineMap2Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func saveOfflineMap2Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	latParam := c.Query("latitude")
 	longParam := c.Query("longitude")
 
diff --git a/backend/handlers/marker_report_api.go b/backend/handlers/marker_report_api.go
index 76be5155..1e97cc6c 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/marker_report_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/marker_report_api.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"chulbong-kr/dto"
+	"chulbong-kr/middlewares"
 	"chulbong-kr/services"
 	"chulbong-kr/utils"
 	"strconv"
@@ -10,8 +11,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
 )
 
+// RegisterReportRoutes sets up the routes for report handling within the application.
+func RegisterReportRoutes(api fiber.Router) {
+	reportGroup := api.Group("/reports")
+	{
+		reportGroup.Get("/all", getAllReportsHandler)
+		reportGroup.Get("/marker/:markerID", getMarkerReportsHandler)
+		reportGroup.Post("", middlewares.AuthSoftMiddleware, createReportHandler)
+	}
+}
+
 // GetAllReportsHandler retrieves all reports for all markers, grouped by MarkerID.
-func GetAllReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getAllReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	reports, err := services.GetAllReports()
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "failed to get reports"})
@@ -38,7 +49,7 @@ func GetAllReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(response)
 }
 
-func GetMarkerReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getMarkerReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markerID, err := strconv.Atoi(c.Params("markerID"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid Marker ID"})
@@ -51,7 +62,7 @@ func GetMarkerReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(reports)
 }
 
-func ReportHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func createReportHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Parse the multipart form
 	form, err := c.MultipartForm()
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/backend/handlers/oauth_api.go b/backend/handlers/oauth_api.go
index 9c4d09a4..235a0571 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/oauth_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/oauth_api.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // GetGoogleAuthHandler generates a handler to redirect to Google OAuth2
-func GetGoogleAuthHandler(conf *oauth2.Config) fiber.Handler {
+func getGoogleAuthHandler(conf *oauth2.Config) fiber.Handler {
 	return func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 		// Generate a state string for CSRF protection
 		state := utils.GenerateState()
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func GetGoogleAuthHandler(conf *oauth2.Config) fiber.Handler {
 }
 
 // GetGoogleCallbackHandler generates a handler for the OAuth2 callback from Google
-func GetGoogleCallbackHandler(conf *oauth2.Config) fiber.Handler {
+func getGoogleCallbackHandler(conf *oauth2.Config) fiber.Handler {
 	return func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 		// Validate state
 		state := c.Cookies("oauthstate")
diff --git a/backend/handlers/rank_api.go b/backend/handlers/rank_api.go
index 95c4e1fd..8687640b 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/rank_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/rank_api.go
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
 )
 
-func GetMarkerRankingHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getMarkerRankingHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	ranking := services.GetTopMarkers(10) // []dto.MarkerRank { MarkerID (string), Clicks (int) }
 
 	return c.JSON(ranking)
 }
 
-func GetUniqueVisitorCountHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getUniqueVisitorCountHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	markerID := c.Query("markerId")
 	if markerID == "" {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Invalid Marker ID"})
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func GetUniqueVisitorCountHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(fiber.Map{"markerId": markerID, "visitors": count})
 }
 
-func GetAllUniqueVisitorCountHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getAllUniqueVisitorCountHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	count := services.GetAllUniqueVisitorCounts()
 	return c.JSON(count)
 }
diff --git a/backend/handlers/toss_api.go b/backend/handlers/toss_api.go
index 854e91b4..d6a373cc 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/toss_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/toss_api.go
@@ -13,6 +13,16 @@ var (
 	TOSS_PAYMENT_API_URL = "https://api.tosspayments.com/v1/payments/"
 )
 
+// RegisterTossPaymentRoutes sets up the routes for toss payments handling within the application.
+func RegisterTossPaymentRoutes(api fiber.Router) {
+	tossGroup := api.Group("/payments/toss")
+	{
+		tossGroup.Post("/confirm", confirmToss)
+		// tossGroup.Get("/success", handlers.SuccessToss)
+		// tossGroup.Get("/fail", handlers.FailToss)
+	}
+}
+
 // frontend handles
 // func SuccessToss(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 // 	// Extract query parameters
@@ -65,7 +75,7 @@ var (
 // 	return c.SendString("Failed")
 // }
 
-func ConfirmToss(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func confirmToss(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	// Extract paymentKey, orderId, and amount from the request body
 	var requestBody struct {
 		PaymentKey string `json:"paymentKey"`
diff --git a/backend/handlers/user_api.go b/backend/handlers/user_api.go
index 3cc6b6ec..5ccfe9f7 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/user_api.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/user_api.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"chulbong-kr/dto"
+	"chulbong-kr/middlewares"
 	"chulbong-kr/models"
 	"chulbong-kr/services"
 	"fmt"
@@ -11,8 +12,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
 )
 
+// RegisterUserRoutes sets up the routes for user handling within the application.
+func RegisterUserRoutes(api fiber.Router) {
+	userGroup := api.Group("/users")
+	{
+		userGroup.Use(middlewares.AuthMiddleware)
+		userGroup.Get("/me", profileHandler)
+		userGroup.Get("/favorites", getFavoritesHandler)
+		userGroup.Get("/reports", getMyReportsHandler)
+		userGroup.Patch("/me", updateUserHandler)
+		userGroup.Delete("/me", deleteUserHandler)
+		userGroup.Delete("/s3/objects", middlewares.AdminOnly, deleteObjectFromS3Handler)
+	}
+}
+
 // UpdateUserHandler
-func UpdateUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func updateUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userData, err := services.GetUserFromContext(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err // fiber err
@@ -35,7 +50,7 @@ func UpdateUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // DeleteUserHandler deletes the currently authenticated user
-func DeleteUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func deleteUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userID, ok := c.Locals("userID").(int)
 	if !ok {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "User ID not found"})
@@ -50,7 +65,7 @@ func DeleteUserHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.SendStatus(fiber.StatusNoContent) // 204 for successful deletion with no content in response
 }
 
-func ProfileHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func profileHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userData, err := services.GetUserFromContext(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err // fiber err
@@ -77,7 +92,7 @@ func ProfileHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	return c.JSON(user)
 }
 
-func GetFavoritesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getFavoritesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userData, err := services.GetUserFromContext(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err // fiber err
@@ -104,7 +119,7 @@ func GetFavoritesHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 }
 
 // GetMyReportsHandler handles requests to get all reports submitted by the logged-in user.
-func GetMyReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+func getMyReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 	userID, ok := c.Locals("userID").(int) // Make sure to handle errors and cases where userID might not be set
 	if !ok {
 		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "User ID not found"})
@@ -121,3 +136,30 @@ func GetMyReportsHandler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
 
 	return c.JSON(reports)
 }
+
+// DeleteObjectFromS3Handler handles requests to delete objects from S3.
+func deleteObjectFromS3Handler(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+	var requestBody struct {
+		ObjectURL string `json:"objectUrl"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BodyParser(&requestBody); err != nil {
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Request body is not valid"})
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the object URL is not empty
+	if requestBody.ObjectURL == "" {
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusBadRequest).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Object URL is required"})
+	}
+
+	// Call the service function to delete the object from S3
+	if err := services.DeleteDataFromS3(requestBody.ObjectURL); err != nil {
+		// Determine if the error should be a 404 not found or a 500 internal server error
+		if err.Error() == "object not found" {
+			return c.Status(fiber.StatusNotFound).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Object not found"})
+		}
+		return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Failed to delete object from S3"})
+	}
+
+	// Return a success response
+	return c.SendStatus(fiber.StatusNoContent)
+}
diff --git a/backend/main.go b/backend/main.go
index b58981d6..623a1774 100644
--- a/backend/main.go
+++ b/backend/main.go
@@ -12,11 +12,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Alfex4936/tzf"
@@ -34,18 +32,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2/middleware/monitor"
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2/middleware/pprof"
 	"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2/middleware/requestid"
+	"github.com/gofiber/swagger"
 	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 
 	// "github.com/gofiber/storage/redis/v3"
-	"github.com/gofiber/swagger"
+
 	"github.com/gofiber/template/django/v3"
 	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
 	_ "github.com/joho/godotenv/autoload"
 
 	// amqp "github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
-	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
 
 	_ "chulbong-kr/docs"
 )
@@ -67,73 +64,8 @@ func main() {
 	// Increase GOMAXPROCS
 	runtime.GOMAXPROCS(runtime.NumCPU() * 2) // twice the number of CPUs
 
-	// Initialize redis
-	rdb := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
-		Addr:       os.Getenv("REDIS_HOST") + ":" + os.Getenv("REDIS_PORT"),
-		Username:   os.Getenv("REDIS_USERNAME"),
-		Password:   os.Getenv("REDIS_PASSWORD"),
-		DB:         0,
-		PoolSize:   10 * runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0),
-		MaxRetries: 5,
-		TLSConfig:  &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
-	})
-
-	// Ping the server to check connection
-	err := rdb.Ping(context.Background()).Err()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Error connecting to Redis: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if os.Getenv("DEPLOYMENT") == "production" {
-		// Flush the Redis database to clear all keys
-		if err := rdb.FlushDB(context.Background()).Err(); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("Error flushing the Redis database: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Println("Redis database flushed successfully.")
-		}
-	}
-
-	services.RedisStore = rdb
-
-	finder, err := tzf.NewDefaultFinder()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize timezone finder: %v", err)
-	}
-	utils.TimeZoneFinder = finder
-
-	// Message Broker
-	// connection, err := amqp.Dial(os.Getenv("LAVINMQ_HOST"))
-	// if err != nil {
-	// 	log.Panicf("Failed to connect to LavinMQ")
-	// }
-	// services.LavinMQClient = connection
-
-	if err := utils.LoadBadWords("badwords.txt"); err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to load bad words: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Initialize global variables
-	setTokenExpirationTime()
-	services.AWS_REGION = os.Getenv("AWS_REGION")
-	services.S3_BUCKET_NAME = os.Getenv("AWS_BUCKET_NAME")
-	utils.LOGIN_TOKEN_COOKIE = os.Getenv("TOKEN_COOKIE")
-
-	// Initialize database connection
-	if err := database.Connect(); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	// OAuth2 Configuration
-	conf := &oauth2.Config{
-		ClientID:     os.Getenv("G_CLIENT_ID"),
-		ClientSecret: os.Getenv("G_CLIENT_SECRET"),
-		RedirectURL:  os.Getenv("G_REDIRECT"),
-		Scopes:       []string{"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile"},
-		Endpoint:     google.Endpoint,
-	}
-
-	// engine := html.New("./views", ".html")
-	engine := django.New("./views", ".django")
+	setUpExternalConnections()
+	setUpGlobals()
 
 	// Initialize Fiber app
 	app := fiber.New(fiber.Config{
@@ -149,7 +81,7 @@ func main() {
 		JSONDecoder:   json.Unmarshal,
 		AppName:       "chulbong-kr",
 		Concurrency:   512 * 1024,
-		Views:         engine,
+		Views:         django.New("./views", ".django"),
 		ErrorHandler: func(ctx *fiber.Ctx, err error) error {
 			// Initial status code defaults to 500
 			code := fiber.StatusInternalServerError
@@ -182,8 +114,97 @@ func main() {
 	})
 	// app.Server().MaxConnsPerIP = 10
 
-	go services.ProcessClickEventsBatch()
+	// Middlewares
+	setUpMiddlewares(app)
+
+	// API
+	app.Get("/ws/:markerID", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+		// Extract markerID from the parameter
+		markerID := c.Params("markerID")
+		reqID := c.Query("request-id")
+
+		// Use GetBanDetails to check if the user is banned and get the remaining ban time
+		banned, remainingTime, err := services.WsRoomManager.GetBanDetails(markerID, reqID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Internal server error"})
+		}
+		if banned {
+			return c.Status(fiber.StatusForbidden).JSON(fiber.Map{
+				"error":         "User is banned",
+				"remainingTime": remainingTime.Seconds(), // Respond with remaining time in seconds
+			})
+		}
+
+		// Proceed with WebSocket upgrade if not banned
+		if websocket.IsWebSocketUpgrade(c) {
+			return c.Next()
+		}
+		return fiber.ErrUpgradeRequired
+	}, websocket.New(func(c *websocket.Conn) {
+		// Extract markerID from the parameter again if necessary
+		markerID := c.Params("markerID")
+		reqID := c.Query("request-id")
+
+		// Now, the connection is already upgraded to WebSocket, and you've passed the ban check.
+		handlers.HandleChatRoomHandler(c, markerID, reqID)
+	}, websocket.Config{
+		// Set the handshake timeout to a reasonable duration to prevent slowloris attacks.
+		HandshakeTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+
+		Origins: []string{"https://test.k-pullup.com", "https://www.k-pullup.com"},
+
+		EnableCompression: true,
+
+		RecoverHandler: func(c *websocket.Conn) {
+			// Custom recover logic. By default, it logs the error and stack trace.
+			if r := recover(); r != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WebSocket panic: %v\n", r)
+				debug.PrintStack()
+				c.WriteMessage(websocket.CloseMessage, []byte{})
+				c.Close()
+			}
+		},
+	}))
+
+	// HTML
+	app.Get("/main", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
+		return c.Render("login", fiber.Map{})
+	})
+
+	// Setup MY routes
+	api := app.Group("/api/v1")
+	handlers.RegisterAdminRoutes(api)
+	handlers.RegisterAuthRoutes(api)
+	handlers.RegisterUserRoutes(api)
+	handlers.RegisterMarkerRoutes(api)
+	handlers.RegisterCommentRoutes(api)
+	handlers.RegisterTossPaymentRoutes(api)
+	handlers.RegisterReportRoutes(api)
+
+	// Cron jobs
+	services.RunAllCrons()
+
+	// Server settings
+	serverAddr := fmt.Sprintf("0.0.0.0:%s", os.Getenv("SERVER_PORT"))
+
+	// Check if the DEPLOYMENT is not local
+	if os.Getenv("DEPLOYMENT") == "production" {
+		// Send Slack notification
+		go utils.SendDeploymentSuccessNotification(app.Config().AppName, "fly.io")
+
+		// Random ranking
+		go services.ResetAndRandomizeClickRanking()
+	} else {
+		log.Printf("There are %d APIs available in chulbong-kr", countAPIs(app))
+	}
+
+	// Start the Fiber app
+	if err := app.Listen(serverAddr); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
 
+func setUpMiddlewares(app *fiber.App) {
 	logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
 	app.Use(middlewares.ZapLogMiddleware(logger))
 
@@ -257,194 +278,67 @@ func main() {
 
 	// app.Use(logger.New())
 	app.Get("/swagger/*", middlewares.AdminOnly, swagger.HandlerDefault)
+}
 
-	app.Get("/ws/:markerID", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
-		// Extract markerID from the parameter
-		markerID := c.Params("markerID")
-		reqID := c.Query("request-id")
-
-		// Use GetBanDetails to check if the user is banned and get the remaining ban time
-		banned, remainingTime, err := services.WsRoomManager.GetBanDetails(markerID, reqID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return c.Status(fiber.StatusInternalServerError).JSON(fiber.Map{"error": "Internal server error"})
-		}
-		if banned {
-			return c.Status(fiber.StatusForbidden).JSON(fiber.Map{
-				"error":         "User is banned",
-				"remainingTime": remainingTime.Seconds(), // Respond with remaining time in seconds
-			})
-		}
-
-		// Proceed with WebSocket upgrade if not banned
-		if websocket.IsWebSocketUpgrade(c) {
-			return c.Next()
-		}
-		return fiber.ErrUpgradeRequired
-	}, websocket.New(func(c *websocket.Conn) {
-		// Extract markerID from the parameter again if necessary
-		markerID := c.Params("markerID")
-		reqID := c.Query("request-id")
-
-		// Now, the connection is already upgraded to WebSocket, and you've passed the ban check.
-		handlers.HandleChatRoomHandler(c, markerID, reqID)
-	}, websocket.Config{
-		// Set the handshake timeout to a reasonable duration to prevent slowloris attacks.
-		HandshakeTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
-
-		Origins: []string{"https://test.k-pullup.com", "https://www.k-pullup.com"},
-
-		EnableCompression: true,
-
-		RecoverHandler: func(c *websocket.Conn) {
-			// Custom recover logic. By default, it logs the error and stack trace.
-			if r := recover(); r != nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WebSocket panic: %v\n", r)
-				debug.PrintStack()
-				c.WriteMessage(websocket.CloseMessage, []byte{})
-				c.Close()
-			}
-		},
-	}))
-
-	// HTML
-	app.Get("/main", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
-		return c.Render("login", fiber.Map{})
-	})
-	// Setup routes
-	api := app.Group("/api/v1")
-
-	api.Get("/google", handlers.GetGoogleAuthHandler(conf))
-	api.Get("/admin", middlewares.AdminOnly, func(c *fiber.Ctx) error { return c.JSON("good") })
-	api.Post("/chat/ban/:markerID/:userID", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.BanUserHandler)
-
-	adminGroup := api.Group("/admin")
-	{
-		adminGroup.Use(middlewares.AdminOnly)
-		adminGroup.Get("/dead", handlers.ListUnreferencedS3ObjectsHandler)
+func setUpExternalConnections() {
+	// Initialize database connection
+	if err := database.Connect(); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	// Authentication routes
-	authGroup := api.Group("/auth")
-	{
-		authGroup.Post("/signup", handlers.SignUpHandler)
-		authGroup.Post("/login", handlers.LoginHandler)
-		authGroup.Post("/logout", middlewares.AuthMiddleware, handlers.LogoutHandler)
-		authGroup.Get("/google/callback", handlers.GetGoogleCallbackHandler(conf))
-		authGroup.Post("/verify-email/send", handlers.SendVerificationEmailHandler)
-		authGroup.Post("/verify-email/confirm", handlers.ValidateTokenHandler)
-
-		// Finding password
-		authGroup.Post("/request-password-reset", handlers.RequestResetPasswordHandler)
-		authGroup.Post("/reset-password", handlers.ResetPasswordHandler)
-	}
+	// Initialize redis
+	rdb := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
+		Addr:       os.Getenv("REDIS_HOST") + ":" + os.Getenv("REDIS_PORT"),
+		Username:   os.Getenv("REDIS_USERNAME"),
+		Password:   os.Getenv("REDIS_PASSWORD"),
+		DB:         0,
+		PoolSize:   10 * runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0),
+		MaxRetries: 5,
+		TLSConfig:  &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
+	})
 
-	// User routes
-	userGroup := api.Group("/users")
-	{
-		userGroup.Use(middlewares.AuthMiddleware)
-		userGroup.Get("/me", handlers.ProfileHandler)
-		userGroup.Get("/favorites", handlers.GetFavoritesHandler)
-		userGroup.Get("/reports", handlers.GetMyReportsHandler)
-		userGroup.Patch("/me", handlers.UpdateUserHandler)
-		userGroup.Delete("/me", handlers.DeleteUserHandler)
-		userGroup.Delete("/s3/objects", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.DeleteObjectFromS3Handler)
+	// Ping the server to check connection
+	err := rdb.Ping(context.Background()).Err()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error connecting to Redis: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Marker routes
-	// api.Get("/markers2", handlers.GetAllMarkersHandler)
-	// api.Get("/markers2", handlers.GetAllMarkersProtoHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers", handlers.GetAllMarkersLocalHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/new", handlers.GetAllNewMarkersHandler)
-
-	// api.Get("/markers-addr", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.GetAllMarkersWithAddrHandler)
-	// api.Post("/markers-addr", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.UpdateMarkersAddressesHandler)
-	// api.Get("/markers-db", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.GetMarkersClosebyAdmin)
-
-	api.Get("/markers/:markerId/details", middlewares.AuthSoftMiddleware, handlers.GetMarker)
-	api.Get("/markers/:markerID/facilities", handlers.GetFacilitiesHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/close", handlers.FindCloseMarkersHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/ranking", handlers.GetMarkerRankingHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/unique-ranking", handlers.GetUniqueVisitorCountHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/unique-ranking/all", handlers.GetAllUniqueVisitorCountHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/area-ranking", handlers.GetCurrentAreaMarkerRankingHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/convert", handlers.ConvertWGS84ToWCONGNAMULHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/location-check", handlers.IsInSouthKoreaHandler)
-	api.Get("/markers/weather", handlers.GetWeatherByWGS84Handler)
-
-	api.Get("/markers/save-offline", handlers.SaveOfflineMap2Handler)
-
-	api.Post("/markers/upload", middlewares.AdminOnly, handlers.UploadMarkerPhotoToS3Handler)
-
-	markerGroup := api.Group("/markers")
-	{
-		markerGroup.Use(middlewares.AuthMiddleware)
-
-		markerGroup.Get("/my", handlers.GetUserMarkersHandler)
-		markerGroup.Get("/:markerID/dislike-status", handlers.CheckDislikeStatus)
-		// markerGroup.Get("/:markerId", handlers.GetMarker)
-
-		markerGroup.Post("/new", handlers.CreateMarkerWithPhotosHandler)
-		markerGroup.Post("/facilities", handlers.SetMarkerFacilitiesHandler)
-		markerGroup.Post("/:markerID/dislike", handlers.LeaveDislikeHandler)
-		markerGroup.Post("/:markerID/favorites", handlers.AddFavoriteHandler)
-
-		markerGroup.Put("/:markerID", handlers.UpdateMarker)
-
-		markerGroup.Delete("/:markerID", handlers.DeleteMarkerHandler)
-		markerGroup.Delete("/:markerID/dislike", handlers.UndoDislikeHandler)
-		markerGroup.Delete("/:markerID/favorites", handlers.RemoveFavoriteHandler)
+	if os.Getenv("DEPLOYMENT") == "production" {
+		// Flush the Redis database to clear all keys
+		if err := rdb.FlushDB(context.Background()).Err(); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Error flushing the Redis database: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Println("Redis database flushed successfully.")
+		}
 	}
 
-	// Comment routes
-	api.Get("/comments/:markerId/comments", handlers.LoadCommentsHandler) // no auth
-
-	commentGroup := api.Group("/comments")
-	{
-		commentGroup.Use(middlewares.AuthMiddleware)
-		commentGroup.Post("", handlers.PostCommentHandler)
-		commentGroup.Patch("/:commentId", handlers.UpdateCommentHandler)
-		commentGroup.Delete("/:commentId", handlers.RemoveCommentHandler)
-	}
+	services.RedisStore = rdb
 
-	tossGroup := api.Group("/payments/toss")
-	{
-		tossGroup.Post("/confirm", handlers.ConfirmToss)
-		// tossGroup.Get("/success", handlers.SuccessToss)
-		// tossGroup.Get("/fail", handlers.FailToss)
-	}
+	// Message Broker
+	// connection, err := amqp.Dial(os.Getenv("LAVINMQ_HOST"))
+	// if err != nil {
+	// 	log.Panicf("Failed to connect to LavinMQ")
+	// }
+	// services.LavinMQClient = connection
 
-	reportGroup := api.Group("/reports")
-	{
-		reportGroup.Get("/all", handlers.GetAllReportsHandler)
-		reportGroup.Get("/marker/:markerID", handlers.GetMarkerReportsHandler)
+}
 
-		reportGroup.Post("", middlewares.AuthSoftMiddleware, handlers.ReportHandler)
+func setUpGlobals() {
+	finder, err := tzf.NewDefaultFinder()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize timezone finder: %v", err)
 	}
+	utils.TimeZoneFinder = finder
 
-	// app.Get("/example-optional/:param?", handlers.QueryParamsExample)
-
-	// Cron jobs
-	services.CronCleanUpToken()
-	services.CronCleanUpPasswordTokens()
-	services.CronResetClickRanking()
-	services.StartOrphanedPhotosCleanupCron()
-	go cleanUpOldDirs(os.TempDir(), 2*time.Minute)
-
-	serverAddr := fmt.Sprintf("0.0.0.0:%s", os.Getenv("SERVER_PORT"))
-
-	// Check if the DEPLOYMENT is not local
-	if os.Getenv("DEPLOYMENT") == "production" {
-		// Send Slack notification
-		go utils.SendDeploymentSuccessNotification("chulbong-kr", "fly.io")
-
-		// Random ranking
-		go services.ResetAndRandomizeClickRanking()
+	if err := utils.LoadBadWords("badwords.txt"); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Failed to load bad words: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Start the Fiber app
-	if err := app.Listen(serverAddr); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
+	// Initialize global variables
+	setTokenExpirationTime()
+	services.AWS_REGION = os.Getenv("AWS_REGION")
+	services.S3_BUCKET_NAME = os.Getenv("AWS_BUCKET_NAME")
+	utils.LOGIN_TOKEN_COOKIE = os.Getenv("TOKEN_COOKIE")
 }
 
 func setTokenExpirationTime() {
@@ -461,33 +355,14 @@ func setTokenExpirationTime() {
 	services.TOKEN_DURATION = time.Duration(durationInt) * time.Hour
 }
 
-func cleanUpOldDirs(dir string, maxAge time.Duration) {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Minute)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for range ticker.C {
-		files, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
-		if err != nil {
-			// log.Printf("Failed to list directories in %s: %v", dir, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		now := time.Now()
-		for _, file := range files {
-			if file.IsDir() && strings.HasPrefix(file.Name(), "chulbongkr-") {
-				dirPath := filepath.Join(dir, file.Name())
-				fileInfo, _ := file.Info()
-
-				if now.Sub(fileInfo.ModTime()) > maxAge {
-					os.RemoveAll(dirPath)
-
-					// if err := os.RemoveAll(dirPath); err != nil {
-					// 	log.Printf("Failed to delete old directory %s: %v", dirPath, err)
-					// } else {
-					// 	log.Printf("Deleted old directory %s", dirPath)
-					// }
-				}
-			}
+// countAPIs counts the number of APIs in a Fiber app
+func countAPIs(app *fiber.App) int {
+	numAPIs := 0
+	for _, route := range app.GetRoutes(true) {
+		// Check if the route is for an API (skip middleware routes)
+		if route.Path[len(route.Path)-1] != '*' {
+			numAPIs++
 		}
 	}
+	return numAPIs
 }
diff --git a/backend/services/scheduler_service.go b/backend/services/scheduler_service.go
index d1765789..b7ac7f46 100644
--- a/backend/services/scheduler_service.go
+++ b/backend/services/scheduler_service.go
@@ -4,14 +4,57 @@ import (
 	"chulbong-kr/database"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/robfig/cron/v3"
 )
 
+func RunAllCrons() {
+	CronCleanUpToken()
+	CronCleanUpPasswordTokens()
+	CronResetClickRanking()
+	CronOrphanedPhotosCleanup()
+	CronCleanUpOldDirs()
+	CronProcessClickEventsBatch(RANK_UPDATE_TIME)
+}
+
+// CronService holds a reference to a cron scheduler and its related setup.
+type CronService struct {
+	cron *cron.Cron
+}
+
+var (
+	instance *CronService
+	once     sync.Once
+)
+
+// GetCronService returns a singleton instance of CronService, creating it if not already present.
+func GetCronService() *CronService {
+	once.Do(func() {
+		c := cron.New(cron.WithChain(
+			cron.Recover(cron.DefaultLogger),
+		))
+		instance = &CronService{
+			cron: c,
+		}
+		instance.cron.Start()
+	})
+	return instance
+}
+
+// Schedule a new job with a cron specification.
+func (cs *CronService) Schedule(spec string, cmd func()) (cron.EntryID, error) {
+	job := cron.FuncJob(cmd)
+	return cs.cron.AddJob(spec, job)
+}
+
 func CronCleanUpPasswordTokens() {
-	c := cron.New()
-	_, err := c.AddFunc("@daily", func() {
-		fmt.Println("Running cleanup job...")
+	c := GetCronService()
+	_, err := c.Schedule("@daily", func() {
 		if err := DeleteExpiredPasswordTokens(); err != nil {
 			// Log the error
 			fmt.Printf("Error deleting expired tokens: %v\n", err)
@@ -24,13 +67,12 @@ func CronCleanUpPasswordTokens() {
 		fmt.Printf("Error scheduling the token cleanup job: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	c.Start()
 
 }
 
 func CronResetClickRanking() {
-	c := cron.New()
-	_, err := c.AddFunc("0 2 * * 1", func() { // 2 AM every Monday
+	c := GetCronService()
+	_, err := c.Schedule("0 2 * * 1", func() { // 2 AM every Monday
 
 		// handlers.CacheMutex.Lock()
 		// handlers.MarkersLocalCache = nil
@@ -51,12 +93,39 @@ func CronResetClickRanking() {
 		fmt.Printf("Error scheduling the marker ranking cleanup job: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	c.Start()
+}
+
+func CronProcessClickEventsBatch(interval time.Duration) {
+	c := GetCronService()
+	var spec string
+
+	switch {
+	case interval < time.Hour:
+		// Minutes interval
+		minutes := int(interval.Minutes())
+		spec = fmt.Sprintf("*/%d * * * *", minutes)
+	case interval >= time.Hour && interval < 24*time.Hour:
+		// Hourly interval
+		hours := int(interval.Hours())
+		spec = fmt.Sprintf("0 */%d * * *", hours)
+	default:
+		// Default to every 10 minutes if the interval is oddly long or unspecified
+		spec = "*/10 * * * *"
+	}
+
+	_, err := c.Schedule(spec, func() {
+		fmt.Println("Processing batch job...")
+		ProcessClickEventsBatch()
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Error setting up cron job: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
 }
 
 func CronCleanUpToken() {
-	c := cron.New()
-	_, err := c.AddFunc("@daily", func() {
+	c := GetCronService()
+	_, err := c.Schedule("@daily", func() {
 		if err := DeleteExpiredTokens(); err != nil {
 			// Log the error
 			fmt.Printf("Error deleting expired tokens: %v\n", err)
@@ -69,13 +138,12 @@ func CronCleanUpToken() {
 		fmt.Printf("Error scheduling the token cleanup job: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	c.Start()
 }
 
-// StartOrphanedPhotosCleanupCron starts the cron job for cleaning up orphaned photos.
-func StartOrphanedPhotosCleanupCron() {
-	c := cron.New()
-	_, err := c.AddFunc("@daily", func() {
+// CronOrphanedPhotosCleanup starts the cron job for cleaning up orphaned photos.
+func CronOrphanedPhotosCleanup() {
+	c := GetCronService()
+	_, err := c.Schedule("@daily", func() {
 		if err := deleteOrphanedPhotos(); err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("Error cleaning up orphaned photos: %v\n", err)
 		} else {
@@ -86,7 +154,57 @@ func StartOrphanedPhotosCleanupCron() {
 		fmt.Printf("Error scheduling the orphaned photos cleanup job: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	c.Start()
+}
+
+// CronCleanUpOldDirs periodically checks and removes directories older than maxAge.
+func CronCleanUpOldDirs() {
+	c := GetCronService()
+	tempDir := os.TempDir()
+	maxAge := 2 * time.Minute
+
+	_, err := c.Schedule("*/10 * * * *", func() { // every 10 minutes
+		if err := cleanTempDir(tempDir, maxAge); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Error cleaning up orphaned photos: %v\n", err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("Orphaned photos cleanup executed successfully")
+		}
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Error scheduling the orphaned photos cleanup job: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// -----HELPER
+
+// cleanTempDir removes temp directories that are older than the maxAge.
+func cleanTempDir(dir string, maxAge time.Duration) error {
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list directories in %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if file.IsDir() && strings.HasPrefix(file.Name(), "chulbongkr-") {
+			dirPath := filepath.Join(dir, file.Name())
+			fileInfo, err := file.Info()
+			if err != nil {
+				// log.Printf("Failed to get info for directory %s: %v", dirPath, err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if now.Sub(fileInfo.ModTime()) > maxAge {
+				os.RemoveAll(dirPath)
+				//if err := os.RemoveAll(dirPath); err != nil {
+				//	log.Printf("Failed to delete old directory %s: %v", dirPath, err)
+				//} else {
+				//	log.Printf("Deleted old directory %s", dirPath)
+				//}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // deleteOrphanedPhotos checks for photos without a corresponding marker and deletes them.
diff --git a/backend/services/user_service.go b/backend/services/user_service.go
index 5240742a..74e10af6 100644
--- a/backend/services/user_service.go
+++ b/backend/services/user_service.go
@@ -187,8 +187,6 @@ func UpdateUserProfile(userID int, updateReq *dto.UpdateUserRequest) (*models.Us
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error fetching updated user: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	ResetCache("/api/v1/users/me_GET")
-
 	return updatedUser, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/utils/badword_util.go b/backend/utils/badword_util.go
index 46ecf0b7..a753ce82 100644
--- a/backend/utils/badword_util.go
+++ b/backend/utils/badword_util.go
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func RemoveURLs(input string) string {
 // 	return false, nil
 // }
 
-// LoadBadWords loads bad words from a file into memory
+// LoadBadWords loads bad words from a file into memory with optimizations.
 func LoadBadWords(filePath string) error {
 	file, err := os.Open(filePath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -84,7 +84,16 @@ func LoadBadWords(filePath string) error {
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
+	// Estimate the number of words if known or use a high number.
+	const estimatedWords = 1000
+	badWordsList = make([]string, 0, estimatedWords)
+
+	// Create a buffer and attach it to scanner.
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	const maxCapacity = 10 * 1024 // 10KB;
+	buf := make([]byte, maxCapacity)
+	scanner.Buffer(buf, maxCapacity)
+
 	for scanner.Scan() {
 		word := scanner.Text()
 		badWordsList = append(badWordsList, word)
@@ -94,6 +103,9 @@ func LoadBadWords(filePath string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	CompileBadWordsPattern()
+	// Optimize memory usage by shrinking the slice to the actual number of words.
+	badWordsList = append([]string{}, badWordsList...)
+
+	go CompileBadWordsPattern() // Compile in a goroutine if it's safe to do asynchronously.
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/backend/utils/map_download_util.go b/backend/utils/map_download_util.go
index 697ed136..3e1ad02b 100644
--- a/backend/utils/map_download_util.go
+++ b/backend/utils/map_download_util.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"image/draw"
 	"image/png"
 	"io"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -273,3 +274,34 @@ func LoadWebP(filePath string) (image.Image, error) {
 	defer file.Close()
 	return webp.Decode(file)
 }
+
+func PlaceMarkerOnImageDynamic(CX, CY, centerCX, centerCY float64, imageWidth, imageHeight, zoomLevel int) (int, int) {
+	// Base scale for zoom level 0 (fully zoomed out)
+	const baseScale = 0.3125
+
+	// full coordinate range visible at zoom level 0 for a standard image size
+	const baseWidth = 1280     // Standard width at zoom level 0
+	const baseHeight = 1080    // Standard height at zoom level 0
+	const baseCXRange = 3190.0 // Total CX range at zoom level 0
+	const baseCYRange = 3190.0 // Total CY range at zoom level 0
+
+	// Calculate scale factor based on current zoom level
+	scale := baseScale * math.Pow(2, float64(zoomLevel))
+
+	// Calculate the actual number of coordinate units per pixel at the current zoom level and image size
+	cxUnitsPerPixel := (baseCXRange / float64(baseWidth)) / scale * float64(baseWidth) / float64(imageWidth)
+	cyUnitsPerPixel := (baseCYRange / float64(baseHeight)) / scale * float64(baseHeight) / float64(imageHeight)
+
+	// Calculate the pixel offset from the center
+	deltaX := CX - centerCX
+	deltaY := CY - centerCY
+
+	pixelOffsetX := deltaX / cxUnitsPerPixel
+	pixelOffsetY := deltaY / cyUnitsPerPixel
+
+	// Calculate the absolute pixel coordinates
+	markerPosX := (imageWidth / 2) + int(pixelOffsetX)
+	markerPosY := (imageHeight / 2) - int(pixelOffsetY)
+
+	return markerPosX, markerPosY
+}
diff --git a/backend/utils/map_util.go b/backend/utils/map_util.go
index b2abbfbb..14748ab9 100644
--- a/backend/utils/map_util.go
+++ b/backend/utils/map_util.go
@@ -55,6 +55,20 @@ const (
 const RadiusOfEarthMeters float64 = 6370986
 const KoreaTimeZone = "Asia/Seoul"
 
+const (
+	// Constants related to the WGS84 ellipsoid.
+	aWGS84           float64 = 6378137 // Semi-major axis.
+	flatteningFactor float64 = 0.0033528106647474805
+
+	// Constants for Korea TM projection.
+	k0          float64 = 1      // Scale factor.
+	dx          float64 = 500000 // False Easting.
+	dy          float64 = 200000 // False Northing.
+	lat0        float64 = 38     // Latitude of origin.
+	lon0        float64 = 127    // Longitude of origin.
+	scaleFactor float64 = 2.5
+)
+
 var TimeZoneFinder tzf.F
 
 // Haversine formula
@@ -114,9 +128,10 @@ type WCONGNAMULCoord struct {
 
 // ConvertWGS84ToWCONGNAMUL converts coordinates from WGS84 to WCONGNAMUL.
 func ConvertWGS84ToWCONGNAMUL(lat, long float64) WCONGNAMULCoord {
-	x, y := transformWGS84ToKoreaTM(6378137, 0.0033528106647474805, 500000, 200000, 1, 38, 127, lat, long)
-	x = math.Round(x * 2.5)
-	y = math.Round(y * 2.5)
+	x, y := transformWGS84ToKoreaTM(aWGS84, flatteningFactor, dx, dy, k0, lat0, lon0, lat, long)
+	// x, y := transformWGS84ToKoreaTM(aWGS84, flatteningFactor, dx, dy, k0, lat0, lon0, lat, long)
+	x = math.Round(x * scaleFactor)
+	y = math.Round(y * scaleFactor)
 	return WCONGNAMULCoord{X: x, Y: y}
 }