diff --git a/tests/test_routing_guards.py b/tests/test_routing_guards.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d33cec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_routing_guards.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+"""
+Unit tests for FletX Route Guard System
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fletx.core.routing.guards import RouteGuard
+from fletx.core.routing.models import RouteInfo
+
+
+class TestRouteGuard:
+    """Test RouteGuard abstract base class."""
+
+    def test_route_guard_is_abstract(self):
+        """Test that RouteGuard is an abstract class."""
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            RouteGuard()
+
+    def test_route_guard_has_abstract_methods(self):
+        """Test that RouteGuard has required abstract methods."""
+        assert hasattr(RouteGuard, 'can_activate')
+        assert hasattr(RouteGuard, 'can_deactivate')
+        assert hasattr(RouteGuard, 'redirect_to')
+
+
+class ConcreteRouteGuard(RouteGuard):
+    """Concrete implementation for testing."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, can_activate_result: bool = True, redirect_path: Optional[str] = None):
+        self.can_activate_result = can_activate_result
+        self.redirect_path = redirect_path
+    
+    async def can_activate(self, route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+        return self.can_activate_result
+    
+    async def can_deactivate(self, current_route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+        return True
+    
+    async def redirect_to(self, route: RouteInfo) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self.redirect_path
+
+
+class TestConcreteRouteGuard:
+    """Test concrete RouteGuard implementation."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Set up test fixtures."""
+        self.route_info = Mock(spec=RouteInfo)
+        self.route_info.path = "/test"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_can_activate_allows_access(self):
+        """Test can_activate when access is allowed."""
+        guard = ConcreteRouteGuard(can_activate_result=True)
+        result = await guard.can_activate(self.route_info)
+        assert result is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_can_activate_blocks_access(self):
+        """Test can_activate when access is blocked."""
+        guard = ConcreteRouteGuard(can_activate_result=False)
+        result = await guard.can_activate(self.route_info)
+        assert result is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_redirect_to_with_path(self):
+        """Test redirect_to when redirect path is provided."""
+        guard = ConcreteRouteGuard(redirect_path="/login")
+        result = await guard.redirect_to(self.route_info)
+        assert result == "/login"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_redirect_to_without_path(self):
+        """Test redirect_to when no redirect path is provided."""
+        guard = ConcreteRouteGuard(redirect_path=None)
+        result = await guard.redirect_to(self.route_info)
+        assert result is None
+
+
+class AuthenticationGuard(RouteGuard):
+    """Authentication guard implementation."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, is_authenticated: bool = False, login_path: str = "/login"):
+        self.is_authenticated = is_authenticated
+        self.login_path = login_path
+    
+    async def can_activate(self, route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+        return self.is_authenticated
+    
+    async def can_deactivate(self, current_route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+        return True
+    
+    async def redirect_to(self, route: RouteInfo) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self.login_path if not self.is_authenticated else None
+
+
+class TestAuthenticationGuard:
+    """Test AuthenticationGuard implementation."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Set up test fixtures."""
+        self.route_info = Mock(spec=RouteInfo)
+        self.route_info.path = "/protected"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_authenticated_user_can_access(self):
+        """Test that authenticated users can access protected routes."""
+        guard = AuthenticationGuard(is_authenticated=True)
+        result = await guard.can_activate(self.route_info)
+        assert result is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_unauthenticated_user_cannot_access(self):
+        """Test that unauthenticated users cannot access protected routes."""
+        guard = AuthenticationGuard(is_authenticated=False)
+        result = await guard.can_activate(self.route_info)
+        assert result is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_unauthenticated_user_redirected_to_login(self):
+        """Test that unauthenticated users are redirected to login."""
+        guard = AuthenticationGuard(is_authenticated=False, login_path="/login")
+        result = await guard.redirect_to(self.route_info)
+        assert result == "/login"
+
+
+class PermissionGuard(RouteGuard):
+    """Permission-based guard implementation."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, user_permissions: list = None, required_permission: str = None):
+        self.user_permissions = user_permissions or []
+        self.required_permission = required_permission
+    
+    async def can_activate(self, route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+        if not self.required_permission:
+            return True
+        return self.required_permission in self.user_permissions
+    
+    async def can_deactivate(self, current_route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+        return True
+    
+    async def redirect_to(self, route: RouteInfo) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.required_permission and self.required_permission not in self.user_permissions:
+            return "/unauthorized"
+        return None
+
+
+class TestPermissionGuard:
+    """Test PermissionGuard implementation."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Set up test fixtures."""
+        self.route_info = Mock(spec=RouteInfo)
+        self.route_info.path = "/admin"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_user_with_permission_can_access(self):
+        """Test that users with required permission can access routes."""
+        guard = PermissionGuard(
+            user_permissions=["admin", "user"],
+            required_permission="admin"
+        )
+        result = await guard.can_activate(self.route_info)
+        assert result is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_user_without_permission_cannot_access(self):
+        """Test that users without required permission cannot access routes."""
+        guard = PermissionGuard(
+            user_permissions=["user"],
+            required_permission="admin"
+        )
+        result = await guard.can_activate(self.route_info)
+        assert result is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_user_without_permission_redirected(self):
+        """Test that users without permission are redirected."""
+        guard = PermissionGuard(
+            user_permissions=["user"],
+            required_permission="admin"
+        )
+        result = await guard.redirect_to(self.route_info)
+        assert result == "/unauthorized"
+
+
+class TestRouteGuardEdgeCases:
+    """Test edge cases and error conditions."""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Set up test fixtures."""
+        self.route_info = Mock(spec=RouteInfo)
+        self.route_info.path = "/test"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_guard_with_exception(self):
+        """Test guard behavior when method raises an exception."""
+        class ExceptionGuard(RouteGuard):
+            async def can_activate(self, route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+                raise ValueError("Test exception")
+            
+            async def can_deactivate(self, current_route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+                return True
+            
+            async def redirect_to(self, route: RouteInfo) -> Optional[str]:
+                return None
+        
+        guard = ExceptionGuard()
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Test exception"):
+            await guard.can_activate(self.route_info)
+
+    def test_guard_inheritance(self):
+        """Test that guards properly inherit from RouteGuard."""
+        class CustomGuard(RouteGuard):
+            async def can_activate(self, route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+                return True
+            
+            async def can_deactivate(self, current_route: RouteInfo) -> bool:
+                return True
+            
+            async def redirect_to(self, route: RouteInfo) -> Optional[str]:
+                return None
+        
+        guard = CustomGuard()
+        assert isinstance(guard, RouteGuard)
+        assert issubclass(CustomGuard, RouteGuard)