diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs
index 2e047c7eea14e..5e1e1c81d26ea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs
@@ -304,8 +304,12 @@ pub(crate) fn run_aot(
     };
 
     // FIXME handle `-Ctarget-cpu=native`
-    let target_cpu =
-        tcx.sess.opts.cg.target_cpu.as_ref().unwrap_or(&tcx.sess.target.cpu).to_owned();
+    let target_cpu = match tcx.sess.opts.cg.target_cpu {
+        Some(ref name) => name,
+        None => tcx.sess.target.cpu.as_ref(),
+    }
+    .to_owned();
+
     Box::new((
         CodegenResults {
             modules,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs
index eac4a06226cf8..497a28354d813 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs
@@ -287,8 +287,10 @@ fn handle_native(name: &str) -> &str {
 }
 
 pub fn target_cpu(sess: &Session) -> &str {
-    let name = sess.opts.cg.target_cpu.as_ref().unwrap_or(&sess.target.cpu);
-    handle_native(name)
+    match sess.opts.cg.target_cpu {
+        Some(ref name) => handle_native(name),
+        None => handle_native(sess.target.cpu.as_ref()),
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn target_features(sess: &Session) -> Vec<Symbol> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
index 101da0012cb4b..c098ce36f022f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ fn instrument_function_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribu
 
         // The function name varies on platforms.
         // See test/CodeGen/mcount.c in clang.
-        let mcount_name = cx.sess().target.mcount.as_str();
+        let mcount_name = cx.sess().target.mcount.as_ref();
 
         Some(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(
             cx.llcx,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
index c4eb593d2976a..1bbfc13e05e75 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
@@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ impl<'a, 'll, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn fptoint_sat_broken_in_llvm(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.tcx.sess.target.arch.as_str() {
+        match self.tcx.sess.target.arch.as_ref() {
             // FIXME - https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50083
             "riscv64" => llvm_util::get_version() < (13, 0, 0),
             _ => false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs
index 712431ca9ae95..98cf873ebbdc3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ pub unsafe fn create_module<'ll>(
     let mod_name = SmallCStr::new(mod_name);
     let llmod = llvm::LLVMModuleCreateWithNameInContext(mod_name.as_ptr(), llcx);
 
-    let mut target_data_layout = sess.target.data_layout.clone();
+    let mut target_data_layout = sess.target.data_layout.to_string();
     let llvm_version = llvm_util::get_version();
     if llvm_version < (13, 0, 0) {
         if sess.target.arch == "powerpc64" {
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ impl<'ll> CodegenCx<'ll, '_> {
 
         // This isn't an "LLVM intrinsic", but LLVM's optimization passes
         // recognize it like one and we assume it exists in `core::slice::cmp`
-        match self.sess().target.arch.as_str() {
+        match self.sess().target.arch.as_ref() {
             "avr" | "msp430" => ifn!("memcmp", fn(i8p, i8p, t_isize) -> t_i16),
             _ => ifn!("memcmp", fn(i8p, i8p, t_isize) -> t_i32),
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
index fe149b4c8c2ff..f4dc33452d153 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> IntrinsicCallMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'_, 'll, 'tcx> {
                     let b_ptr = self.bitcast(b, i8p_ty);
                     let n = self.const_usize(layout.size().bytes());
                     let cmp = self.call_intrinsic("memcmp", &[a_ptr, b_ptr, n]);
-                    match self.cx.sess().target.arch.as_str() {
+                    match self.cx.sess().target.arch.as_ref() {
                         "avr" | "msp430" => self.icmp(IntPredicate::IntEQ, cmp, self.const_i16(0)),
                         _ => self.icmp(IntPredicate::IntEQ, cmp, self.const_i32(0)),
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
index abcdb81c0e2e6..c24e369ae7284 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ unsafe fn configure_llvm(sess: &Session) {
         full_arg.trim().split(|c: char| c == '=' || c.is_whitespace()).next().unwrap_or("")
     }
 
-    let cg_opts = sess.opts.cg.llvm_args.iter();
-    let tg_opts = sess.target.llvm_args.iter();
+    let cg_opts = sess.opts.cg.llvm_args.iter().map(AsRef::as_ref);
+    let tg_opts = sess.target.llvm_args.iter().map(AsRef::as_ref);
     let sess_args = cg_opts.chain(tg_opts);
 
     let user_specified_args: FxHashSet<_> =
@@ -375,8 +375,10 @@ fn handle_native(name: &str) -> &str {
 }
 
 pub fn target_cpu(sess: &Session) -> &str {
-    let name = sess.opts.cg.target_cpu.as_ref().unwrap_or(&sess.target.cpu);
-    handle_native(name)
+    match sess.opts.cg.target_cpu {
+        Some(ref name) => handle_native(name),
+        None => handle_native(sess.target.cpu.as_ref()),
+    }
 }
 
 /// The list of LLVM features computed from CLI flags (`-Ctarget-cpu`, `-Ctarget-feature`,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index 548ae0e411da7..84a1043a6a0f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ use std::ffi::OsString;
 use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
 use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
 use std::lazy::OnceCell;
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::{ExitStatus, Output, Stdio};
 use std::{ascii, char, env, fmt, fs, io, mem, str};
@@ -674,11 +675,11 @@ fn link_natively<'a, B: ArchiveBuilder<'a>>(
 
     linker::disable_localization(&mut cmd);
 
-    for &(ref k, ref v) in &sess.target.link_env {
-        cmd.env(k, v);
+    for &(ref k, ref v) in sess.target.link_env.as_ref() {
+        cmd.env(k.as_ref(), v.as_ref());
     }
-    for k in &sess.target.link_env_remove {
-        cmd.env_remove(k);
+    for k in sess.target.link_env_remove.as_ref() {
+        cmd.env_remove(k.as_ref());
     }
 
     if sess.opts.prints.contains(&PrintRequest::LinkArgs) {
@@ -1216,7 +1217,7 @@ pub fn linker_and_flavor(sess: &Session) -> (PathBuf, LinkerFlavor) {
 
     if let Some(ret) = infer_from(
         sess,
-        sess.target.linker.clone().map(PathBuf::from),
+        sess.target.linker.as_deref().map(PathBuf::from),
         Some(sess.target.linker_flavor),
     ) {
         return ret;
@@ -1586,7 +1587,7 @@ fn add_post_link_objects(
 /// FIXME: Determine where exactly these args need to be inserted.
 fn add_pre_link_args(cmd: &mut dyn Linker, sess: &Session, flavor: LinkerFlavor) {
     if let Some(args) = sess.target.pre_link_args.get(&flavor) {
-        cmd.args(args);
+        cmd.args(args.iter().map(Deref::deref));
     }
     cmd.args(&sess.opts.debugging_opts.pre_link_args);
 }
@@ -1602,7 +1603,7 @@ fn add_link_script(cmd: &mut dyn Linker, sess: &Session, tmpdir: &Path, crate_ty
             let file_name = ["rustc", &sess.target.llvm_target, "linkfile.ld"].join("-");
 
             let path = tmpdir.join(file_name);
-            if let Err(e) = fs::write(&path, script) {
+            if let Err(e) = fs::write(&path, script.as_ref()) {
                 sess.fatal(&format!("failed to write link script to {}: {}", path.display(), e));
             }
 
@@ -1634,15 +1635,15 @@ fn add_late_link_args(
         });
     if any_dynamic_crate {
         if let Some(args) = sess.target.late_link_args_dynamic.get(&flavor) {
-            cmd.args(args);
+            cmd.args(args.iter().map(Deref::deref));
         }
     } else {
         if let Some(args) = sess.target.late_link_args_static.get(&flavor) {
-            cmd.args(args);
+            cmd.args(args.iter().map(Deref::deref));
         }
     }
     if let Some(args) = sess.target.late_link_args.get(&flavor) {
-        cmd.args(args);
+        cmd.args(args.iter().map(Deref::deref));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1650,7 +1651,7 @@ fn add_late_link_args(
 /// FIXME: Determine where exactly these args need to be inserted.
 fn add_post_link_args(cmd: &mut dyn Linker, sess: &Session, flavor: LinkerFlavor) {
     if let Some(args) = sess.target.post_link_args.get(&flavor) {
-        cmd.args(args);
+        cmd.args(args.iter().map(Deref::deref));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1960,8 +1961,8 @@ fn add_order_independent_options(
         cmd.arg(&codegen_results.crate_info.target_cpu);
         cmd.arg("--cpu-features");
         cmd.arg(match &sess.opts.cg.target_feature {
-            feat if !feat.is_empty() => feat,
-            _ => &sess.target.options.features,
+            feat if !feat.is_empty() => feat.as_ref(),
+            _ => sess.target.options.features.as_ref(),
         });
     }
 
@@ -2478,12 +2479,12 @@ fn add_apple_sdk(cmd: &mut dyn Linker, sess: &Session, flavor: LinkerFlavor) {
     let os = &sess.target.os;
     let llvm_target = &sess.target.llvm_target;
     if sess.target.vendor != "apple"
-        || !matches!(os.as_str(), "ios" | "tvos")
+        || !matches!(os.as_ref(), "ios" | "tvos")
         || flavor != LinkerFlavor::Gcc
     {
         return;
     }
-    let sdk_name = match (arch.as_str(), os.as_str()) {
+    let sdk_name = match (arch.as_ref(), os.as_ref()) {
         ("aarch64", "tvos") => "appletvos",
         ("x86_64", "tvos") => "appletvsimulator",
         ("arm", "ios") => "iphoneos",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
index 3a66bfafaf3f4..2c15ed831670c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn get_linker<'a>(
         if let Some(ref tool) = msvc_tool {
             let original_path = tool.path();
             if let Some(ref root_lib_path) = original_path.ancestors().nth(4) {
-                let arch = match t.arch.as_str() {
+                let arch = match t.arch.as_ref() {
                     "x86_64" => Some("x64"),
                     "x86" => Some("x86"),
                     "aarch64" => Some("arm64"),
@@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@ impl<'a> L4Bender<'a> {
 
 pub(crate) fn exported_symbols(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, crate_type: CrateType) -> Vec<String> {
     if let Some(ref exports) = tcx.sess.target.override_export_symbols {
-        return exports.clone();
+        return exports.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect();
     }
 
     let mut symbols = Vec::new();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
index d4eaf6389dfe9..9417874ffb40b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl ModuleConfig {
                 false
             ),
             emit_obj,
-            bc_cmdline: sess.target.bitcode_llvm_cmdline.clone(),
+            bc_cmdline: sess.target.bitcode_llvm_cmdline.to_string(),
 
             verify_llvm_ir: sess.verify_llvm_ir(),
             no_prepopulate_passes: sess.opts.cg.no_prepopulate_passes,
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ fn start_executing_work<B: ExtraBackendMethods>(
         is_pe_coff: tcx.sess.target.is_like_windows,
         target_can_use_split_dwarf: tcx.sess.target_can_use_split_dwarf(),
         target_pointer_width: tcx.sess.target.pointer_width,
-        target_arch: tcx.sess.target.arch.clone(),
+        target_arch: tcx.sess.target.arch.to_string(),
         debuginfo: tcx.sess.opts.debuginfo,
         split_debuginfo: tcx.sess.split_debuginfo(),
         split_dwarf_kind: tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.split_dwarf_kind,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
index 2204b44e3a10d..43bda7c0734eb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
@@ -416,10 +416,10 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
                     (&f[rlib_prefix.len()..(f.len() - rlib_suffix.len())], CrateFlavor::Rlib)
                 } else if f.starts_with(rmeta_prefix) && f.ends_with(rmeta_suffix) {
                     (&f[rmeta_prefix.len()..(f.len() - rmeta_suffix.len())], CrateFlavor::Rmeta)
-                } else if f.starts_with(dylib_prefix) && f.ends_with(dylib_suffix) {
+                } else if f.starts_with(dylib_prefix) && f.ends_with(dylib_suffix.as_ref()) {
                     (&f[dylib_prefix.len()..(f.len() - dylib_suffix.len())], CrateFlavor::Dylib)
                 } else {
-                    if f.starts_with(staticlib_prefix) && f.ends_with(staticlib_suffix) {
+                    if f.starts_with(staticlib_prefix) && f.ends_with(staticlib_suffix.as_ref()) {
                         self.crate_rejections.via_kind.push(CrateMismatch {
                             path: spf.path.clone(),
                             got: "static".to_string(),
@@ -698,8 +698,8 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
             };
 
             if file.starts_with("lib") && (file.ends_with(".rlib") || file.ends_with(".rmeta"))
-                || file.starts_with(&self.target.dll_prefix)
-                    && file.ends_with(&self.target.dll_suffix)
+                || file.starts_with(self.target.dll_prefix.as_ref())
+                    && file.ends_with(self.target.dll_suffix.as_ref())
             {
                 // Make sure there's at most one rlib and at most one dylib.
                 // Note to take care and match against the non-canonicalized name:
@@ -733,8 +733,8 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
             crate_name: self.crate_name,
             root,
             triple: self.triple,
-            dll_prefix: self.target.dll_prefix.clone(),
-            dll_suffix: self.target.dll_suffix.clone(),
+            dll_prefix: self.target.dll_prefix.to_string(),
+            dll_suffix: self.target.dll_suffix.to_string(),
             crate_rejections: self.crate_rejections,
         })
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
index 02f6b4060599e..af78fd5a6f212 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for CheckParameters<'tcx> {
 fn check_asm<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>, fn_span: Span) {
     let mut this = CheckInlineAssembly { tcx, items: Vec::new() };
     this.visit_body(body);
-    if let [(ItemKind::Asm, _)] = this.items[..] {
+    if let [(ItemKind::Asm | ItemKind::Err, _)] = this.items[..] {
         // Ok.
     } else {
         let mut diag = struct_span_err!(
@@ -156,19 +156,33 @@ fn check_asm<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>, fn_span: Span
             E0787,
             "naked functions must contain a single asm block"
         );
+
+        let mut must_show_error = false;
         let mut has_asm = false;
+        let mut has_err = false;
         for &(kind, span) in &this.items {
             match kind {
                 ItemKind::Asm if has_asm => {
+                    must_show_error = true;
                     diag.span_label(span, "multiple asm blocks are unsupported in naked functions");
                 }
                 ItemKind::Asm => has_asm = true,
                 ItemKind::NonAsm => {
+                    must_show_error = true;
                     diag.span_label(span, "non-asm is unsupported in naked functions");
                 }
+                ItemKind::Err => has_err = true,
             }
         }
-        diag.emit();
+
+        // If the naked function only contains a single asm block and a non-zero number of
+        // errors, then don't show an additional error. This allows for appending/prepending
+        // `compile_error!("...")` statements and reduces error noise.
+        if must_show_error || !has_err {
+            diag.emit();
+        } else {
+            diag.cancel();
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -181,6 +195,7 @@ struct CheckInlineAssembly<'tcx> {
 enum ItemKind {
     Asm,
     NonAsm,
+    Err,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> CheckInlineAssembly<'tcx> {
@@ -222,9 +237,13 @@ impl<'tcx> CheckInlineAssembly<'tcx> {
                 self.check_inline_asm(asm, span);
             }
 
-            ExprKind::DropTemps(..) | ExprKind::Block(..) | ExprKind::Err => {
+            ExprKind::DropTemps(..) | ExprKind::Block(..) => {
                 hir::intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
             }
+
+            ExprKind::Err => {
+                self.items.push((ItemKind::Err, span));
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/json.rs b/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/json.rs
index 0cbea3a07a8d4..c915dd5bbf65c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/json.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/json.rs
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ use self::JsonEvent::*;
 use self::ParserError::*;
 use self::ParserState::*;
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 use std::mem::swap;
 use std::num::FpCategory as Fp;
@@ -2196,6 +2197,12 @@ impl ToJson for string::String {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a> ToJson for Cow<'a, str> {
+    fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
+        Json::String(self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
 macro_rules! tuple_impl {
     // use variables to indicate the arity of the tuple
     ($($tyvar:ident),* ) => {
@@ -2240,6 +2247,15 @@ impl<A: ToJson> ToJson for Vec<A> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a, A: ToJson> ToJson for Cow<'a, [A]>
+where
+    [A]: ToOwned,
+{
+    fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
+        Json::Array(self.iter().map(|elt| elt.to_json()).collect())
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: ToString, A: ToJson> ToJson for BTreeMap<T, A> {
     fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
         let mut d = BTreeMap::new();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
index 856436e44dbc8..4182a5d07118e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
@@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ fn default_configuration(sess: &Session) -> CrateConfig {
     ret.reserve(7); // the minimum number of insertions
     // Target bindings.
     ret.insert((sym::target_os, Some(Symbol::intern(os))));
-    for fam in &sess.target.families {
+    for fam in sess.target.families.as_ref() {
         ret.insert((sym::target_family, Some(Symbol::intern(fam))));
         if fam == "windows" {
             ret.insert((sym::windows, None));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
index f01ff02da072f..86f76fdb6a7f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOption
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos");
-    base.cpu = "apple-a14".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "apple-a14".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
 
     // FIXME: The leak sanitizer currently fails the tests, see #88132.
     base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-arch".to_string(), "arm64".to_string()]);
-    base.link_env_remove.extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-arch".into(), "arm64".into()]);
+    base.link_env_remove.to_mut().extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
 
     // Clang automatically chooses a more specific target based on
     // MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET.  To enable cross-language LTO to work
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let llvm_target = super::apple_base::macos_llvm_target("arm64");
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target,
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
             frame_pointer: FramePointer::NonLeaf,
             ..base
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios.rs
index 6468419fce7c3..beb9042390b7f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios.rs
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let llvm_target = super::apple_base::ios_llvm_target(arch);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target,
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".to_string(),
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             forces_embed_bitcode: true,
             frame_pointer: FramePointer::NonLeaf,
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
                 -target-abi\0\
                 darwinpcs\0\
                 -Os\0"
-                .to_string(),
+                .into(),
             ..opts("ios", Arch::Arm64)
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
index d16328f00f9ab..57634cbbfb1e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "arm64-apple-ios14.0-macabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "arm64-apple-ios14.0-macabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a12".to_string(),
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a12".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             forces_embed_bitcode: true,
             frame_pointer: FramePointer::NonLeaf,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
                 -emit-obj\0\
                 -disable-llvm-passes\0\
                 -Os\0"
-                .to_string(),
+                .into(),
             ..opts("ios", Arch::Arm64_macabi)
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_sim.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_sim.rs
index 07b3453218fee..b4e135f66e941 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_sim.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_sim.rs
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let llvm_target = super::apple_base::ios_sim_llvm_target(arch);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: llvm_target,
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".to_string(),
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             forces_embed_bitcode: true,
             frame_pointer: FramePointer::NonLeaf,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
                 -target-abi\0\
                 darwinpcs\0\
                 -Os\0"
-                .to_string(),
+                .into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_tvos.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_tvos.rs
index b4bd72a082be7..2e31d16dc76ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_tvos.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_tvos.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "arm64-apple-tvos".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "arm64-apple-tvos".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".to_string(),
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             forces_embed_bitcode: true,
             frame_pointer: FramePointer::NonLeaf,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index a393858879bfe..9bce82a191e8a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+outline-atomics".to_string(),
+            features: "+outline-atomics".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
-            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs
index e75100f143511..c9ceb55ddad59 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "ilp32".to_string(),
-            features: "+outline-atomics".to_string(),
-            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".to_string(),
+            abi: "ilp32".into(),
+            features: "+outline-atomics".into(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
             ..base
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_fuchsia.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_fuchsia.rs
index 05e0c65dd5c38..4634433c4a9a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_fuchsia.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_fuchsia.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::{SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-fuchsia".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-fuchsia".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_kmc_solid_asp3.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_kmc_solid_asp3.rs
index 61e3be617e9c1..6ea9ae2667efa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_kmc_solid_asp3.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_kmc_solid_asp3.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use super::{RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = super::solid_base::opts("asp3");
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-none".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-none".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            linker: Some("aarch64-kmc-elf-gcc".to_owned()),
-            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("aarch64-kmc-elf-gcc".into()),
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8".into(),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             disable_redzone: true,
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_linux_android.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_linux_android.rs
index 87696b3664cfe..5e31859aaef30 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_linux_android.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_linux_android.rs
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ use crate::spec::{SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-linux-android".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-linux-android".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             // As documented in https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/cpu-features.html
             // the neon (ASIMD) and FP must exist on all android aarch64 targets.
-            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8".to_string(),
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8".into(),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::CFI
                 | SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS
                 | SanitizerSet::MEMTAG
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index a9a0977e70285..856ec4fb0b48d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_msvc_base::opts();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.features = "+neon,+fp-armv8".to_string();
+    base.features = "+neon,+fp-armv8".into();
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:64:64-i32:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:64:64-i32:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_freebsd.rs
index 03ee7ba4875c9..2f39c4862cfac 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::{SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-freebsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-freebsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::ADDRESS
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_hermit.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_hermit.rs
index f8e1e1b02f5a2..1d7269c8d737c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_hermit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_hermit.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::hermit_base::opts();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
-    base.features = "+strict-align,+neon,+fp-armv8".to_string();
+    base.features = "+strict-align,+neon,+fp-armv8".into();
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-hermit".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-hermit".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 974a5b84d1dc4..3006044d54a6e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ use crate::spec::{SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+outline-atomics".to_string(),
-            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".to_string(),
+            features: "+outline-atomics".into(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::ADDRESS
                 | SanitizerSet::CFI
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs
index 1c931d5a705f0..63023df1d6c63 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "ilp32".to_string(),
-            features: "+outline-atomics".to_string(),
+            abi: "ilp32".into(),
+            features: "+outline-atomics".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
-            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".into(),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 6a16b4ce41964..002d0dac2a668 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "\u{1}_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_netbsd.rs
index 4042028e2dc98..703f7502295ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-netbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-netbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            mcount: "__mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "__mcount".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             ..super::netbsd_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none.rs
index 9d3652790108c..2c7834c225b64 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, Target, TargetOp
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let opts = TargetOptions {
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
-        features: "+strict-align,+neon,+fp-armv8".to_string(),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+        features: "+strict-align,+neon,+fp-armv8".into(),
         executables: true,
         relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
         disable_redzone: true,
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         ..Default::default()
     };
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-none".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-none".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: opts,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none_softfloat.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none_softfloat.rs
index fa93ca80549cf..1b6525a7c69af 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none_softfloat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_none_softfloat.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, Target, TargetOp
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let opts = TargetOptions {
-        abi: "softfloat".to_string(),
+        abi: "softfloat".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
-        features: "+strict-align,-neon,-fp-armv8".to_string(),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+        features: "+strict-align,-neon,-fp-armv8".into(),
         executables: true,
         relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
         disable_redzone: true,
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         ..Default::default()
     };
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-none".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-none".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: opts,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_openbsd.rs
index 193f981421028..3d99040f0d326 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-openbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-openbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions { max_atomic_width: Some(128), ..super::openbsd_base::opts() },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_redox.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_redox.rs
index b9c9325831d82..6c9be4c8e9371 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_redox.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_redox.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-redox".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-redox".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs
index 20c528d25f386..965b254c2898f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
 
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
-    let pre_link_args_msvc = vec!["/machine:arm64".to_string()];
+    let pre_link_args_msvc = vec!["/machine:arm64".into()];
 
     base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Msvc).unwrap().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     base.pre_link_args
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         .extend(pre_link_args_msvc);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-windows".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-windows".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:64:64-i32:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:64:64-i32:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
index db4eb204e0b12..54247fd93f2f1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:64:64-i32:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:64:64-i32:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_wrs_vxworks.rs
index 66140060f8e33..e118553dfd2bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions { max_atomic_width: Some(128), ..super::vxworks_base::opts() },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
index dc14d260e925e..c2b9d696776f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut base = super::linux_base::opts();
-    base.os = "android".to_string();
+    base.os = "android".into();
     base.dwarf_version = Some(2);
     base.position_independent_executables = true;
     base.has_thread_local = false;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs
index a4488f695f210..238d3f8bda5ff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::env;
+use std::{borrow::Cow, env};
 
-use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LldFlavor, SplitDebuginfo, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, FramePointer, LldFlavor, SplitDebuginfo, TargetOptions};
 
-pub fn opts(os: &str) -> TargetOptions {
+pub fn opts(os: &'static str) -> TargetOptions {
     // ELF TLS is only available in macOS 10.7+. If you try to compile for 10.6
     // either the linker will complain if it is used or the binary will end up
     // segfaulting at runtime when run on 10.6. Rust by default supports macOS
@@ -19,20 +19,20 @@ pub fn opts(os: &str) -> TargetOptions {
     let has_thread_local = macos_deployment_target("x86_64") >= (10, 7);
 
     TargetOptions {
-        os: os.to_string(),
-        vendor: "apple".to_string(),
+        os: os.into(),
+        vendor: "apple".into(),
         // macOS has -dead_strip, which doesn't rely on function_sections
         function_sections: false,
         dynamic_linking: true,
         linker_is_gnu: false,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         is_like_osx: true,
         dwarf_version: Some(2),
         frame_pointer: FramePointer::Always,
         has_rpath: true,
-        dll_suffix: ".dylib".to_string(),
-        archive_format: "darwin".to_string(),
+        dll_suffix: ".dylib".into(),
+        archive_format: "darwin".into(),
         has_thread_local,
         abi_return_struct_as_int: true,
         emit_debug_gdb_scripts: false,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn opts(os: &str) -> TargetOptions {
         // this environment variable too in recent versions.
         //
         // For some more info see the commentary on #47086
-        link_env: vec![("ZERO_AR_DATE".to_string(), "1".to_string())],
+        link_env: Cow::Borrowed(&[(Cow::Borrowed("ZERO_AR_DATE"), Cow::Borrowed("1"))]),
 
         ..Default::default()
     }
@@ -79,19 +79,19 @@ pub fn macos_llvm_target(arch: &str) -> String {
     format!("{}-apple-macosx{}.{}.0", arch, major, minor)
 }
 
-pub fn macos_link_env_remove() -> Vec<String> {
+pub fn macos_link_env_remove() -> Vec<Cow<'static, str>> {
     let mut env_remove = Vec::with_capacity(2);
     // Remove the `SDKROOT` environment variable if it's clearly set for the wrong platform, which
     // may occur when we're linking a custom build script while targeting iOS for example.
     if let Ok(sdkroot) = env::var("SDKROOT") {
         if sdkroot.contains("iPhoneOS.platform") || sdkroot.contains("iPhoneSimulator.platform") {
-            env_remove.push("SDKROOT".to_string())
+            env_remove.push("SDKROOT".into())
         }
     }
     // Additionally, `IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` must not be set when using the Xcode linker at
     // "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld",
     // although this is apparently ignored when using the linker at "/usr/bin/ld".
-    env_remove.push("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET".to_string());
+    env_remove.push("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET".into());
     env_remove
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
index 874e9b56aaa1e..e2d08955c089c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
+use crate::{spec::cvs, spec::TargetOptions};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use Arch::*;
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
@@ -14,16 +15,15 @@ pub enum Arch {
     Arm64_sim,
 }
 
-fn target_abi(arch: Arch) -> String {
+fn target_abi(arch: Arch) -> &'static str {
     match arch {
         Armv7 | Armv7s | Arm64 | I386 | X86_64 => "",
         X86_64_macabi | Arm64_macabi => "macabi",
         Arm64_sim => "sim",
     }
-    .to_string()
 }
 
-fn target_cpu(arch: Arch) -> String {
+fn target_cpu(arch: Arch) -> &'static str {
     match arch {
         Armv7 => "cortex-a8", // iOS7 is supported on iPhone 4 and higher
         Armv7s => "cortex-a9",
@@ -34,22 +34,21 @@ fn target_cpu(arch: Arch) -> String {
         Arm64_macabi => "apple-a12",
         Arm64_sim => "apple-a12",
     }
-    .to_string()
 }
 
-fn link_env_remove(arch: Arch) -> Vec<String> {
+fn link_env_remove(arch: Arch) -> Cow<'static, [Cow<'static, str>]> {
     match arch {
         Armv7 | Armv7s | Arm64 | I386 | X86_64 | Arm64_sim => {
-            vec!["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET".to_string()]
+            cvs!["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"]
         }
-        X86_64_macabi | Arm64_macabi => vec!["IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET".to_string()],
+        X86_64_macabi | Arm64_macabi => cvs!["IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"],
     }
 }
 
-pub fn opts(os: &str, arch: Arch) -> TargetOptions {
+pub fn opts(os: &'static str, arch: Arch) -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        abi: target_abi(arch),
-        cpu: target_cpu(arch),
+        abi: target_abi(arch).into(),
+        cpu: target_cpu(arch).into(),
         dynamic_linking: false,
         executables: true,
         link_env_remove: link_env_remove(arch),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_linux_androideabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_linux_androideabi.rs
index 933b43986c997..bbf1fa315ab4c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_linux_androideabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_linux_androideabi.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ use crate::spec::{SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "arm-linux-androideabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "arm-linux-androideabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             // https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html#armeabi
-            features: "+strict-align,+v5te".to_string(),
+            features: "+strict-align,+v5te".into(),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::ADDRESS,
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::android_base::opts()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
index 442f56d4fb5de..c0f1827ad3f88 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+strict-align,+v6".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+strict-align,+v6".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
index 2c12a71e29fb8..79b8958c22ad2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
-            features: "+strict-align,+v6,+vfp2,-d32".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
+            features: "+strict-align,+v6,+vfp2,-d32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
index d187dfd918955..3ef441d6a6075 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         // It's important we use "gnueabi" and not "musleabi" here. LLVM uses it
         // to determine the calling convention and float ABI, and it doesn't
         // support the "musleabi" value.
-        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             // Most of these settings are copied from the arm_unknown_linux_gnueabi
             // target.
-            features: "+strict-align,+v6".to_string(),
+            features: "+strict-align,+v6".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
index 3d72734f5fadc..eb6660d4c289b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         // It's important we use "gnueabihf" and not "musleabihf" here. LLVM
         // uses it to determine the calling convention and float ABI, and it
         // doesn't support the "musleabihf" value.
-        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // Most of these settings are copied from the arm_unknown_linux_gnueabihf
             // target.
-            features: "+strict-align,+v6,+vfp2,-d32".to_string(),
+            features: "+strict-align,+v6,+vfp2,-d32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabi.rs
index ed4779c0c0232..0cb18f17310b8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabi.rs
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armebv7r-unknown-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armebv7r-unknown-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
             executables: true,
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabihf.rs
index b60e2895d7727..a5b7c12cc7b9f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armebv7r_none_eabihf.rs
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armebv7r-unknown-none-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armebv7r-unknown-none-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
             executables: true,
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
-            features: "+vfp3,-d32,-fp16".to_string(),
+            features: "+vfp3,-d32,-fp16".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             emit_debug_gdb_scripts: false,
             // GCC and Clang default to 8 for arm-none here
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv4t_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv4t_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
index f1b193a384fc1..1de63a920c80f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv4t_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv4t_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv4t-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv4t-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".into(),
             // Atomic operations provided by compiler-builtins
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             has_thumb_interworking: true,
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
index a6c4f2304c2c1..b940563102b07 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".into(),
             // Atomic operations provided by compiler-builtins
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             has_thumb_interworking: true,
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
index de2a350e23120..2530971b50217 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         // It's important we use "gnueabihf" and not "musleabihf" here. LLVM
         // uses it to determine the calling convention and float ABI, and LLVM
         // doesn't support the "musleabihf" value.
-        llvm_target: "armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".into(),
             // Atomic operations provided by compiler-builtins
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
             has_thumb_interworking: true,
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs
index 91b4bd27caa81..a51be10a3d82a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv5te_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv5te-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv5te-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".into(),
             // Atomic operations provided by compiler-builtins
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             has_thumb_interworking: true,
             ..super::linux_uclibc_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_freebsd.rs
index ee2f8f6238b59..b7cfccc8b3da4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv6-unknown-freebsd-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv6-unknown-freebsd-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // FIXME: change env to "gnu" when cfg_target_abi becomes stable
-            env: "gnueabihf".to_string(),
-            features: "+v6,+vfp2,-d32".to_string(),
+            env: "gnueabihf".into(),
+            features: "+v6,+vfp2,-d32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             ..super::freebsd_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs
index b046819d4d784..6e26f686fcb58 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv6-unknown-netbsdelf-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv6-unknown-netbsdelf-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // FIXME: remove env when cfg_target_abi becomes stable
-            env: "eabihf".to_string(),
-            features: "+v6,+vfp2,-d32".to_string(),
+            env: "eabihf".into(),
+            features: "+v6,+vfp2,-d32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "__mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "__mcount".into(),
             ..super::netbsd_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6k_nintendo_3ds.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6k_nintendo_3ds.rs
index 84105fbad47cc..ffcd1a3f4df75 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6k_nintendo_3ds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv6k_nintendo_3ds.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 /// A base target for Nintendo 3DS devices using the devkitARM toolchain.
 ///
@@ -9,33 +9,33 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     pre_link_args.insert(
         LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
         vec![
-            "-specs=3dsx.specs".to_string(),
-            "-mtune=mpcore".to_string(),
-            "-mfloat-abi=hard".to_string(),
-            "-mtp=soft".to_string(),
+            "-specs=3dsx.specs".into(),
+            "-mtune=mpcore".into(),
+            "-mfloat-abi=hard".into(),
+            "-mtp=soft".into(),
         ],
     );
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv6k-none-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv6k-none-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            os: "horizon".to_string(),
-            env: "newlib".to_string(),
-            vendor: "nintendo".to_string(),
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            os: "horizon".into(),
+            env: "newlib".into(),
+            vendor: "nintendo".into(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-            cpu: "mpcore".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mpcore".into(),
             executables: true,
-            families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
-            linker: Some("arm-none-eabi-gcc".to_string()),
+            families: cvs!["unix"],
+            linker: Some("arm-none-eabi-gcc".into()),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
-            features: "+vfp2".to_string(),
+            features: "+vfp2".into(),
             pre_link_args,
-            exe_suffix: ".elf".to_string(),
+            exe_suffix: ".elf".into(),
             no_default_libraries: false,
             has_thread_local: true,
             ..Default::default()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_apple_ios.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_apple_ios.rs
index 1f90c78f14a3e..57fd74a36b654 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_apple_ios.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_apple_ios.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ use super::apple_sdk_base::{opts, Arch};
 use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
+    let llvm_target = super::apple_base::ios_llvm_target("armv7");
+
     Target {
-        llvm_target: super::apple_base::ios_llvm_target("armv7"),
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-p:32:32-Fi8-f64:32:64-v64:32:64-v128:32:128-a:0:32-n32-S32".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-p:32:32-Fi8-f64:32:64-v64:32:64-v128:32:128-a:0:32-n32-S32".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,+neon".to_string(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,+neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..opts("ios", Arch::Armv7)
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs
index adf831c12eb4b..2afd93fcad807 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs
@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::android_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-march=armv7-a".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-march=armv7-a".into());
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-none-linux-android".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-none-linux-android".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,-d32,-neon".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,-d32,-neon".into(),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::ADDRESS,
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..base
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_freebsd.rs
index fbfb1c27681ea..bc37b62de8e22 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-freebsd-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-freebsd-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // FIXME: change env to "gnu" when cfg_target_abi becomes stable
-            env: "gnueabihf".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
+            env: "gnueabihf".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             ..super::freebsd_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
index 0a3b8033dd17c..903042d7e7a02 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
index 662b81cae3e65..e39ea49a0032b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // Info about features at https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
index c0fd1de17cfdd..7dae8577396e5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabi.rs
@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         // It's important we use "gnueabi" and not "musleabi" here. LLVM uses it
         // to determine the calling convention and float ABI, and it doesn't
         // support the "musleabi" value.
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
index 67ff7999dea85..ba83964bf5851 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         // It's important we use "gnueabihf" and not "musleabihf" here. LLVM
         // uses it to determine the calling convention and float ABI, and LLVM
         // doesn't support the "musleabihf" value.
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         // Most of these settings are copied from the armv7_unknown_linux_gnueabihf
         // target.
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs
index 7faa8ed7a800e..171f67070d549 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabi.rs
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = super::linux_uclibc_base::opts();
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon".to_string(),
-            cpu: "generic".to_string(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon".into(),
+            cpu: "generic".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabihf.rs
index d230f77bde284..d3e95a6573d82 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_linux_uclibceabihf.rs
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = super::linux_uclibc_base::opts();
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             // Info about features at https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
-            cpu: "generic".to_string(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
+            cpu: "generic".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs
index 60a552b018d69..c89ae24839884 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_unknown_netbsd_eabihf.rs
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-netbsdelf-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-netbsdelf-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // FIXME: remove env when cfg_target_abi becomes stable
-            env: "eabihf".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
+            env: "eabihf".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "__mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "__mcount".into(),
             ..super::netbsd_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_wrs_vxworks_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_wrs_vxworks_eabihf.rs
index 27d404b101f3a..c1ab90172e276 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_wrs_vxworks_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_wrs_vxworks_eabihf.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // Info about features at https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..super::vxworks_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabi.rs
index 344c48022b2fa..b49dc650bd00f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabi.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use super::{RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = super::solid_base::opts("asp3");
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            linker: Some("arm-kmc-eabi-gcc".to_owned()),
-            features: "+v7,+soft-float,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("arm-kmc-eabi-gcc".into()),
+            features: "+v7,+soft-float,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             disable_redzone: true,
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabihf.rs
index 375502478fe97..7d30238e8ab29 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_kmc_solid_asp3_eabihf.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use super::{RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = super::solid_base::opts("asp3");
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            linker: Some("arm-kmc-eabi-gcc".to_owned()),
-            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("arm-kmc-eabi-gcc".into()),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon".into(),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             disable_redzone: true,
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabi.rs
index 88040f49d9e4e..ff649434312d7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabi.rs
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, Target, TargetOp
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let opts = TargetOptions {
-        abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+        abi: "eabi".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
-        features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon,+strict-align".to_string(),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+        features: "+v7,+thumb2,+soft-float,-neon,+strict-align".into(),
         executables: true,
         relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
         disable_redzone: true,
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         ..Default::default()
     };
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: opts,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabihf.rs
index af324843cede5..c0321d0bef4cb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7a_none_eabihf.rs
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, Target, TargetOp
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let opts = TargetOptions {
-        abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+        abi: "eabihf".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
-        features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon,+strict-align".to_string(),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+        features: "+v7,+vfp3,-d32,+thumb2,-neon,+strict-align".into(),
         executables: true,
         relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
         disable_redzone: true,
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         ..Default::default()
     };
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7a-none-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: opts,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabi.rs
index c0e970983e704..2c3f79cc58be7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabi.rs
@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7r-unknown-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7r-unknown-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
             executables: true,
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabihf.rs
index b126887b27b33..5c82e7684834f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7r_none_eabihf.rs
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7r-unknown-none-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7r-unknown-none-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
             executables: true,
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
-            features: "+vfp3,-d32,-fp16".to_string(),
+            features: "+vfp3,-d32,-fp16".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             emit_debug_gdb_scripts: false,
             // GCC and Clang default to 8 for arm-none here
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7s_apple_ios.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7s_apple_ios.rs
index 2a48e7b62143f..cc17265b2b8db 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7s_apple_ios.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7s_apple_ios.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7s-apple-ios".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7s-apple-ios".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-p:32:32-Fi8-f64:32:64-v64:32:64-v128:32:128-a:0:32-n32-S32".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-p:32:32-Fi8-f64:32:64-v64:32:64-v128:32:128-a:0:32-n32-S32".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+v7,+vfp4,+neon".to_string(),
+            features: "+v7,+vfp4,+neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..opts("ios", Arch::Armv7s)
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs
index b1adefe1a51e7..a90c7b7bc6f07 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         .post_link_args
         .entry(LinkerFlavor::Em)
         .or_default()
-        .extend(vec!["-s".to_string(), "WASM=0".to_string()]);
+        .extend(vec!["-s".into(), "WASM=0".into()]);
     target
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
index a6c1b344d7007..c288e8b0e9ea3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
@@ -3,24 +3,24 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 /// A base target for AVR devices using the GNU toolchain.
 ///
 /// Requires GNU avr-gcc and avr-binutils on the host system.
-pub fn target(target_cpu: String) -> Target {
+pub fn target(target_cpu: &'static str) -> Target {
     Target {
-        arch: "avr".to_string(),
-        data_layout: "e-P1-p:16:8-i8:8-i16:8-i32:8-i64:8-f32:8-f64:8-n8-a:8".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "avr-unknown-unknown".to_string(),
+        arch: "avr".into(),
+        data_layout: "e-P1-p:16:8-i8:8-i16:8-i32:8-i64:8-f32:8-f64:8-n8-a:8".into(),
+        llvm_target: "avr-unknown-unknown".into(),
         pointer_width: 16,
         options: TargetOptions {
-            c_int_width: "16".to_string(),
-            cpu: target_cpu.clone(),
-            exe_suffix: ".elf".to_string(),
+            c_int_width: "16".into(),
+            cpu: target_cpu.into(),
+            exe_suffix: ".elf".into(),
 
-            linker: Some("avr-gcc".to_owned()),
+            linker: Some("avr-gcc".into()),
             executables: true,
             eh_frame_header: false,
-            pre_link_args: [(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec![format!("-mmcu={}", target_cpu)])]
+            pre_link_args: [(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec![format!("-mmcu={}", target_cpu).into()])]
                 .into_iter()
                 .collect(),
-            late_link_args: [(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-lgcc".to_owned()])].into_iter().collect(),
+            late_link_args: [(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-lgcc".into()])].into_iter().collect(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(0),
             atomic_cas: false,
             ..TargetOptions::default()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_unknown_gnu_atmega328.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_unknown_gnu_atmega328.rs
index 7e63ae9c5aa26..6871ca0f78936 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_unknown_gnu_atmega328.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_unknown_gnu_atmega328.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
-    super::avr_gnu_base::target("atmega328".to_owned())
+    super::avr_gnu_base::target("atmega328")
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfeb_unknown_none.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfeb_unknown_none.rs
index a45da82eb4032..174ddfa50bfc9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfeb_unknown_none.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfeb_unknown_none.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use crate::{abi::Endian, spec::bpf_base};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "bpfeb".to_string(),
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "bpfeb".into(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        arch: "bpf".to_string(),
+        arch: "bpf".into(),
         options: bpf_base::opts(Endian::Big),
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfel_unknown_none.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfel_unknown_none.rs
index 6c9afdf35aef4..7625e7b0e48ea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfel_unknown_none.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpfel_unknown_none.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use crate::{abi::Endian, spec::bpf_base};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "bpfel".to_string(),
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "bpfel".into(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        arch: "bpf".to_string(),
+        arch: "bpf".into(),
         options: bpf_base::opts(Endian::Little),
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs
index 2fc9ab29f92f4..51f392a64b11b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs
@@ -42,16 +42,17 @@
 
 use crate::spec::LinkOutputKind;
 use rustc_serialize::json::{Json, ToJson};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
-pub type CrtObjects = BTreeMap<LinkOutputKind, Vec<String>>;
+pub type CrtObjects = BTreeMap<LinkOutputKind, Vec<Cow<'static, str>>>;
 
-pub(super) fn new(obj_table: &[(LinkOutputKind, &[&str])]) -> CrtObjects {
-    obj_table.iter().map(|(z, k)| (*z, k.iter().map(|b| b.to_string()).collect())).collect()
+pub(super) fn new(obj_table: &[(LinkOutputKind, &[&'static str])]) -> CrtObjects {
+    obj_table.iter().map(|(z, k)| (*z, k.iter().map(|b| (*b).into()).collect())).collect()
 }
 
-pub(super) fn all(obj: &str) -> CrtObjects {
+pub(super) fn all(obj: &'static str) -> CrtObjects {
     new(&[
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicNoPicExe, &[obj]),
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicPicExe, &[obj]),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs
index e13a640d4d210..b59322d07f57a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "dragonfly".to_string(),
+        os: "dragonfly".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         has_rpath: true,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs
index f2ec6aae9f2e6..a7e0f9f704127 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "freebsd".to_string(),
+        os: "freebsd".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         has_rpath: true,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs
index 4a7686ae1a1e4..04e30ff0c3e6e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs
@@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
-use crate::spec::{crt_objects, LinkArgs, LinkOutputKind, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{
+    crt_objects, cvs, LinkArgs, LinkOutputKind, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, TargetOptions,
+};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
     pre_link_args.insert(
         LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
         vec![
-            "--build-id".to_string(),
-            "--hash-style=gnu".to_string(),
-            "-z".to_string(),
-            "max-page-size=4096".to_string(),
-            "-z".to_string(),
-            "now".to_string(),
-            "-z".to_string(),
-            "rodynamic".to_string(),
-            "-z".to_string(),
-            "separate-loadable-segments".to_string(),
-            "--pack-dyn-relocs=relr".to_string(),
+            "--build-id".into(),
+            "--hash-style=gnu".into(),
+            "-z".into(),
+            "max-page-size=4096".into(),
+            "-z".into(),
+            "now".into(),
+            "-z".into(),
+            "rodynamic".into(),
+            "-z".into(),
+            "separate-loadable-segments".into(),
+            "--pack-dyn-relocs=relr".into(),
         ],
     );
 
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "fuchsia".to_string(),
+        os: "fuchsia".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         is_like_fuchsia: true,
         pre_link_args,
         pre_link_objects: crt_objects::new(&[
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/haiku_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/haiku_base.rs
index 2b95523d6f7b5..61c05a2bdb621 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/haiku_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/haiku_base.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "haiku".to_string(),
+        os: "haiku".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         ..Default::default()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hermit_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hermit_base.rs
index b0b1d80ab37fc..7cbd42417e6a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hermit_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hermit_base.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
     pre_link_args.insert(
         LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        vec!["--build-id".to_string(), "--hash-style=gnu".to_string(), "--Bstatic".to_string()],
+        vec!["--build-id".into(), "--hash-style=gnu".into(), "--Bstatic".into()],
     );
 
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "hermit".to_string(),
+        os: "hermit".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         executables: true,
         has_thread_local: true,
         pre_link_args,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 27d306c41b795..80cf09517cc2c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "hexagonv60".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "hexagonv60".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
     // FIXME: HVX length defaults are per-CPU
-    base.features = "-small-data,+hvx-length128b".to_string();
+    base.features = "-small-data,+hvx-length128b".into();
 
     base.crt_static_default = false;
     base.has_rpath = true;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.c_enum_min_bits = 8;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "hexagon-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "hexagon-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: concat!(
             "e-m:e-p:32:32:32-a:0-n16:32-i64:64:64-i32:32",
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             ":32:32-v64:64:64-v512:512:512-v1024:1024:1024-v2048",
             ":2048:2048"
         )
-        .to_string(),
-        arch: "hexagon".to_string(),
+        .into(),
+        arch: "hexagon".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_apple_ios.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_apple_ios.rs
index 4419dfe92f40e..8b6266c58005d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_apple_ios.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_apple_ios.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = opts("ios", Arch::I386);
+    let llvm_target = super::apple_base::ios_sim_llvm_target("i386");
+
     Target {
-        llvm_target: super::apple_base::ios_sim_llvm_target("i386"),
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:o-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:128-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index f329b2d2c8858..801a88933994a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i386_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::i686_unknown_linux_gnu::target();
-    base.cpu = "i386".to_string();
-    base.llvm_target = "i386-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "i386".into();
+    base.llvm_target = "i386-unknown-linux-gnu".into();
     base
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i486_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i486_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 5d96a558cb72a..a11fbecc3c354 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i486_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i486_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::i686_unknown_linux_gnu::target();
-    base.cpu = "i486".to_string();
-    base.llvm_target = "i486-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "i486".into();
+    base.llvm_target = "i486-unknown-linux-gnu".into();
     base
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index 4a7779a6df083..befb0f89f3b03 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::i686_pc_windows_msvc::target();
-    base.cpu = "pentium".to_string();
-    base.llvm_target = "i586-pc-windows-msvc".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium".into();
+    base.llvm_target = "i586-pc-windows-msvc".into();
     base
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 7c92dda8a9df7..b699a7af17749 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::i686_unknown_linux_gnu::target();
-    base.cpu = "pentium".to_string();
-    base.llvm_target = "i586-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium".into();
+    base.llvm_target = "i586-unknown-linux-gnu".into();
     base
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 1fea02bbee88f..55a26eb004a7a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i586_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::i686_unknown_linux_musl::target();
-    base.cpu = "pentium".to_string();
-    base.llvm_target = "i586-unknown-linux-musl".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium".into();
+    base.llvm_target = "i586-unknown-linux-musl".into();
     base
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs
index f2635f0656d7a..ad716a6cd5aae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target, TargetOpti
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos");
-    base.cpu = "yonah".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "yonah".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m32".to_string()]);
-    base.link_env_remove.extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m32".into()]);
+    base.link_env_remove.to_mut().extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.frame_pointer = FramePointer::Always;
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let llvm_target = super::apple_base::macos_llvm_target(&arch);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target,
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:o-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:128-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_linux_android.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_linux_android.rs
index e9ddaa37c262c..bdaf5c990699b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_linux_android.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_linux_android.rs
@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     // https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html#x86
-    base.cpu = "pentiumpro".to_string();
-    base.features = "+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+sse3,+ssse3".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentiumpro".into();
+    base.features = "+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+sse3,+ssse3".into();
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-linux-android".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-linux-android".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: TargetOptions { supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::ADDRESS, ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs
index 92c3a1554ac54..554b0f3449945 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -2,27 +2,26 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args
-        .insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".to_string(), "i386pe".to_string()]);
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".into(), "i386pe".into()]);
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.frame_pointer = FramePointer::Always; // Required for backtraces
-    base.linker = Some("i686-w64-mingw32-gcc".to_string());
+    base.linker = Some("i686-w64-mingw32-gcc".into());
 
     // Mark all dynamic libraries and executables as compatible with the larger 4GiB address
     // space available to x86 Windows binaries on x86_64.
     base.pre_link_args
         .entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
         .or_default()
-        .push("-Wl,--large-address-aware".to_string());
+        .push("-Wl,--large-address-aware".into());
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:x-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             i64:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-a:0:32-S32"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index 5b30dc1d3dab6..fb0cb6a69432a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     let pre_link_args_msvc = vec![
         // Mark all dynamic libraries and executables as compatible with the larger 4GiB address
         // space available to x86 Windows binaries on x86_64.
-        "/LARGEADDRESSAWARE".to_string(),
+        "/LARGEADDRESSAWARE".into(),
         // Ensure the linker will only produce an image if it can also produce a table of
         // the image's safe exception handlers.
         // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/safeseh-image-has-safe-exception-handlers
-        "/SAFESEH".to_string(),
+        "/SAFESEH".into(),
     ];
     base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     base.pre_link_args
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.has_thread_local = false;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:x-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32-a:0:32-S32"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs
index d8e37e7237154..9f0cb04c65db2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     let pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
-    pre_link_args.push("-m32".to_string());
-    pre_link_args.push("-Wl,-znotext".to_string());
+    pre_link_args.push("-m32".into());
+    pre_link_args.push("-Wl,-znotext".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-freebsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-freebsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_haiku.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_haiku.rs
index e4c01db543980..d1af163f1cff3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_haiku.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_haiku.rs
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::haiku_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m32".to_string()]);
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m32".into()]);
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-haiku".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-haiku".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 165505ee73139..0998c618f31a9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index d95cb6a82d558..a697f292da0e2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-Wl,-melf_i386".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-Wl,-melf_i386".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.frame_pointer = FramePointer::Always;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs
index 989e3fb1adf04..2807d32820540 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-netbsdelf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-netbsdelf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "__mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "__mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs
index 7ff79961375cf..78462eb63b807 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::openbsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-fuse-ld=lld".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-fuse-ld=lld".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-openbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-openbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_uefi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_uefi.rs
index cc3c31538a46e..a2e42c5e61d54 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_uefi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_uefi.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::uefi_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     // We disable MMX and SSE for now, even though UEFI allows using them. Problem is, you have to
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // far.
     // If you initialize FP units yourself, you can override these flags with custom linker
     // arguments, thus giving you access to full MMX/SSE acceleration.
-    base.features = "-mmx,-sse,+soft-float".to_string();
+    base.features = "-mmx,-sse,+soft-float".into();
 
     // Use -GNU here, because of the reason below:
     // Background and Problem:
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // compiler-builtins. After compiler-builtins implements all required intrinsics, we may
     // remove -gnu and use the default one.
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-windows-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-windows-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:x-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             i64:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-a:0:32-S32"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
 
         options: base,
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
index 27a0ac585e391..75f7a2209c8bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_uwp_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args
-        .insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".to_string(), "i386pe".to_string()]);
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".into(), "i386pe".into()]);
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.frame_pointer = FramePointer::Always; // Required for backtraces
 
@@ -13,15 +12,15 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.pre_link_args
         .entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
         .or_default()
-        .push("-Wl,--large-address-aware".to_string());
+        .push("-Wl,--large-address-aware".into());
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:x-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             i64:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-a:0:32-S32"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
index e2f65e7a7c938..4c657fe908ac4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_uwp_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:x-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32-a:0:32-S32"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs
index c7963dbde777d..d51ed7c1f7aa8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "pentium4".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "i686-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             f64:32:64-f80:32-n8:16:32-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/illumos_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/illumos_base.rs
index aeb40f7712ee3..ef8f90a4da8c4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/illumos_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/illumos_base.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, TargetOptions};
-use std::default::Default;
+use crate::spec::{cvs, FramePointer, LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut late_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
@@ -16,22 +15,22 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
             // FIXME: This should be replaced by a more complete and generic
             // mechanism for controlling the order of library arguments passed
             // to the linker.
-            "-lc".to_string(),
+            "-lc".into(),
             // LLVM will insert calls to the stack protector functions
             // "__stack_chk_fail" and "__stack_chk_guard" into code in native
             // object files.  Some platforms include these symbols directly in
             // libc, but at least historically these have been provided in
             // libssp.so on illumos and Solaris systems.
-            "-lssp".to_string(),
+            "-lssp".into(),
         ],
     );
 
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "illumos".to_string(),
+        os: "illumos".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
         has_rpath: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         is_like_solaris: true,
         linker_is_gnu: false,
         limit_rdylib_exports: false, // Linker doesn't support this
@@ -54,8 +53,8 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         //
         // We want XPG6 behavior from libc and libm.  See standards(5)
         //pre_link_objects_exe: vec![
-        //    "/usr/lib/amd64/values-Xc.o".to_string(),
-        //    "/usr/lib/amd64/values-xpg6.o".to_string(),
+        //    "/usr/lib/amd64/values-Xc.o".into(),
+        //    "/usr/lib/amd64/values-xpg6.o".into(),
         //],
         ..Default::default()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs
index 9e7973f63a970..7a051532f82e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, TargetOptions};
-use std::default::Default;
+use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "l4re".to_string(),
-        env: "uclibc".to_string(),
+        os: "l4re".into(),
+        env: "uclibc".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::L4Bender,
         executables: true,
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
-        linker: Some("l4-bender".to_string()),
+        linker: Some("l4-bender".into()),
         linker_is_gnu: false,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
index e53d465e20dfd..0f79ada0d9332 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "linux".to_string(),
+        os: "linux".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         has_rpath: true,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_gnu_base.rs
index 3d940ceaf0270..8d6b3f185122c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_gnu_base.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    TargetOptions { env: "gnu".to_string(), ..super::linux_base::opts() }
+    TargetOptions { env: "gnu".into(), ..super::linux_base::opts() }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs
index a332e3b847a29..0f5d85205f897 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, RelroLevel, StackProb
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        env: "gnu".to_string(),
+        env: "gnu".into(),
         disable_redzone: true,
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
         // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs
index 5038a967d0a0f..207a87ab03903 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut base = super::linux_base::opts();
 
-    base.env = "musl".to_string();
+    base.env = "musl".into();
     base.pre_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::pre_musl_fallback();
     base.post_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::post_musl_fallback();
     base.crt_objects_fallback = Some(CrtObjectsFallback::Musl);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_uclibc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_uclibc_base.rs
index ef6d50656e467..4ba480ffecffd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_uclibc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_uclibc_base.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    TargetOptions { env: "uclibc".to_string(), ..super::linux_base::opts() }
+    TargetOptions { env: "uclibc".into(), ..super::linux_base::opts() }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/m68k_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/m68k_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 5671b59c63fda..ebd74012dcd2c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/m68k_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/m68k_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "m68k-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "m68k-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:16:32-i8:8:8-i16:16:16-i32:16:32-n8:16:32-a:0:16-S16".to_string(),
-        arch: "m68k".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:16:32-i8:8:8-i16:16:16-i32:16:32-n8:16:32-a:0:16-S16".into(),
+        arch: "m68k".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_openwrt_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_openwrt_linux_musl.rs
index 5991cd8bfa90a..3c6ef52c6cd70 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_openwrt_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_openwrt_linux_musl.rs
@@ -5,21 +5,21 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "mips64r2".to_string();
-    base.features = "+mips64r2,+soft-float".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "mips64r2".into();
+    base.features = "+mips64r2,+soft-float".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.crt_static_default = false;
 
     Target {
         // LLVM doesn't recognize "muslabi64" yet.
-        llvm_target: "mips64-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips64-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "mips64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "abi64".to_string(),
+            abi: "abi64".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
index 161a27ab6890b..fc5dbd114e425 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "mips64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "abi64".to_string(),
+            abi: "abi64".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
             // NOTE(mips64r2) matches C toolchain
-            cpu: "mips64r2".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips64r2".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips64r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips64r2".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs
index a898464569813..465e97a026c58 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs
@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "mips64r2".to_string();
-    base.features = "+mips64r2".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "mips64r2".into();
+    base.features = "+mips64r2".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     Target {
         // LLVM doesn't recognize "muslabi64" yet.
-        llvm_target: "mips64-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips64-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "mips64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "abi64".to_string(),
+            abi: "abi64".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
index 2f58560d45021..e0d5f6f57f156 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "mips64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "abi64".to_string(),
+            abi: "abi64".into(),
             // NOTE(mips64r2) matches C toolchain
-            cpu: "mips64r2".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips64r2".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips64r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips64r2".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs
index 01c34bc39924f..75575eb7eebde 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_muslabi64.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "mips64r2".to_string();
-    base.features = "+mips64r2".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "mips64r2".into();
+    base.features = "+mips64r2".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     Target {
         // LLVM doesn't recognize "muslabi64" yet.
-        llvm_target: "mips64el-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips64el-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { abi: "abi64".to_string(), mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "mips64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { abi: "abi64".into(), mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index b41b28cbc87c2..8df8b0b4c2c7a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mips-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Big,
-            cpu: "mips32r2".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips32r2,+fpxx,+nooddspreg".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips32r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips32r2,+fpxx,+nooddspreg".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 3713af43d7360..c2846313a9eb1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "mips32r2".to_string();
-    base.features = "+mips32r2,+soft-float".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "mips32r2".into();
+    base.features = "+mips32r2,+soft-float".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
     base.crt_static_default = false;
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mips-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs
index 042ec9140fac0..c59bb5fdd223d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mips-unknown-linux-uclibc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mips-unknown-linux-uclibc".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Big,
-            cpu: "mips32r2".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips32r2,+soft-float".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips32r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips32r2,+soft-float".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_uclibc_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_sony_psp.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_sony_psp.rs
index dc14e4bdf9428..45966b97d6abc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_sony_psp.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_sony_psp.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
+use crate::spec::{cvs, Target, TargetOptions};
 use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, RelocModel};
-use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 // The PSP has custom linker requirements.
 const LINKER_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./mipsel_sony_psp_linker_script.ld");
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
-    pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["--emit-relocs".to_string()]);
+    pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["--emit-relocs".into()]);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsel-sony-psp".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsel-sony-psp".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            os: "psp".to_string(),
-            vendor: "sony".to_string(),
+            os: "psp".into(),
+            vendor: "sony".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            cpu: "mips2".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips2".into(),
             executables: true,
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
 
             // PSP FPU only supports single precision floats.
-            features: "+single-float".to_string(),
+            features: "+single-float".into(),
 
             // PSP does not support trap-on-condition instructions.
-            llvm_args: vec!["-mno-check-zero-division".to_string()],
+            llvm_args: cvs!["-mno-check-zero-division"],
             pre_link_args,
-            link_script: Some(LINKER_SCRIPT.to_string()),
+            link_script: Some(LINKER_SCRIPT.into()),
             ..Default::default()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 9cb2a13c7d4b5..01346e71a92ff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            cpu: "mips32r2".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips32r2,+fpxx,+nooddspreg".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips32r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips32r2,+fpxx,+nooddspreg".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 3374cdd448585..0e8f1a2c8e0ea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "mips32r2".to_string();
-    base.features = "+mips32r2,+soft-float".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "mips32r2".into();
+    base.features = "+mips32r2,+soft-float".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
     base.crt_static_default = false;
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs
index 0831eb7a0a7d4..8342074586bc7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_linux_uclibc.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-linux-uclibc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-linux-uclibc".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            cpu: "mips32r2".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips32r2,+soft-float".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips32r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips32r2,+soft-float".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_uclibc_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_none.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_none.rs
index 5955baa31dbac..736af15cf449a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_none.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsel_unknown_none.rs
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ use crate::spec::{PanicStrategy, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-none".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsel-unknown-none".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            cpu: "mips32r2".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips32r2,+soft-float,+noabicalls".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips32r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips32r2,+soft-float,+noabicalls".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             executables: true,
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             emit_debug_gdb_scripts: false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index a81c90fe0cdec..1e066b271e28a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsisa32r6-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsisa32r6-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Big,
-            cpu: "mips32r6".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips32r6".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips32r6".into(),
+            features: "+mips32r6".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6el_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6el_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 06a5f40d69b3a..4785929c1000b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6el_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa32r6el_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsisa32r6el-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsisa32r6el-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:m-p:32:32-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "mips".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            cpu: "mips32r6".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips32r6".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips32r6".into(),
+            features: "+mips32r6".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
index 80a155a4865d7..766ac76806448 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsisa64r6-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsisa64r6-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "mips64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "abi64".to_string(),
+            abi: "abi64".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
             // NOTE(mips64r6) matches C toolchain
-            cpu: "mips64r6".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips64r6".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips64r6".into(),
+            features: "+mips64r6".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
index 58f9862715f73..d2b07c654dcf8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mipsisa64r6el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "mipsisa64r6el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "mipsisa64r6el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "mips64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "mips64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "abi64".to_string(),
+            abi: "abi64".into(),
             // NOTE(mips64r6) matches C toolchain
-            cpu: "mips64r6".to_string(),
-            features: "+mips64r6".to_string(),
+            cpu: "mips64r6".into(),
+            features: "+mips64r6".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
index 4953dafe89bdc..bd5b712c143c5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ use crate::spec::crt_objects::{CrtObjects, CrtObjectsFallback};
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_serialize::json::{Json, ToJson};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::iter::FromIterator;
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for LinkOutputKind {
     }
 }
 
-pub type LinkArgs = BTreeMap<LinkerFlavor, Vec<String>>;
+pub type LinkArgs = BTreeMap<LinkerFlavor, Vec<StaticCow<str>>>;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Hash, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum SplitDebuginfo {
@@ -1026,6 +1027,22 @@ supported_targets! {
     ("mips64-openwrt-linux-musl", mips64_openwrt_linux_musl),
 }
 
+/// Cow-Vec-Str: Cow<'static, [Cow<'static, str>]>
+macro_rules! cvs {
+    () => {
+        ::std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(&[])
+    };
+    ($($x:expr),+ $(,)?) => {
+        ::std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(&[
+            $(
+                ::std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed($x),
+            )*
+        ])
+    };
+}
+
+pub(crate) use cvs;
+
 /// Warnings encountered when parsing the target `json`.
 ///
 /// Includes fields that weren't recognized and fields that don't have the expected type.
@@ -1064,14 +1081,14 @@ impl TargetWarnings {
 #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Target {
     /// Target triple to pass to LLVM.
-    pub llvm_target: String,
+    pub llvm_target: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Number of bits in a pointer. Influences the `target_pointer_width` `cfg` variable.
     pub pointer_width: u32,
     /// Architecture to use for ABI considerations. Valid options include: "x86",
     /// "x86_64", "arm", "aarch64", "mips", "powerpc", "powerpc64", and others.
-    pub arch: String,
+    pub arch: StaticCow<str>,
     /// [Data layout](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#data-layout) to pass to LLVM.
-    pub data_layout: String,
+    pub data_layout: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Optional settings with defaults.
     pub options: TargetOptions,
 }
@@ -1087,6 +1104,8 @@ impl HasTargetSpec for Target {
     }
 }
 
+type StaticCow<T> = Cow<'static, T>;
+
 /// Optional aspects of a target specification.
 ///
 /// This has an implementation of `Default`, see each field for what the default is. In general,
@@ -1103,25 +1122,25 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// Used as the `target_endian` `cfg` variable. Defaults to little endian.
     pub endian: Endian,
     /// Width of c_int type. Defaults to "32".
-    pub c_int_width: String,
+    pub c_int_width: StaticCow<str>,
     /// OS name to use for conditional compilation (`target_os`). Defaults to "none".
     /// "none" implies a bare metal target without `std` library.
     /// A couple of targets having `std` also use "unknown" as an `os` value,
     /// but they are exceptions.
-    pub os: String,
+    pub os: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Environment name to use for conditional compilation (`target_env`). Defaults to "".
-    pub env: String,
+    pub env: StaticCow<str>,
     /// ABI name to distinguish multiple ABIs on the same OS and architecture. For instance, `"eabi"`
     /// or `"eabihf"`. Defaults to "".
-    pub abi: String,
+    pub abi: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Vendor name to use for conditional compilation (`target_vendor`). Defaults to "unknown".
-    pub vendor: String,
+    pub vendor: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Default linker flavor used if `-C linker-flavor` or `-C linker` are not passed
     /// on the command line. Defaults to `LinkerFlavor::Gcc`.
     pub linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor,
 
     /// Linker to invoke
-    pub linker: Option<String>,
+    pub linker: Option<StaticCow<str>>,
 
     /// LLD flavor used if `lld` (or `rust-lld`) is specified as a linker
     /// without clarifying its flavor in any way.
@@ -1156,23 +1175,23 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// Optional link script applied to `dylib` and `executable` crate types.
     /// This is a string containing the script, not a path. Can only be applied
     /// to linkers where `linker_is_gnu` is true.
-    pub link_script: Option<String>,
+    pub link_script: Option<StaticCow<str>>,
 
     /// Environment variables to be set for the linker invocation.
-    pub link_env: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    pub link_env: StaticCow<[(StaticCow<str>, StaticCow<str>)]>,
     /// Environment variables to be removed for the linker invocation.
-    pub link_env_remove: Vec<String>,
+    pub link_env_remove: StaticCow<[StaticCow<str>]>,
 
     /// Extra arguments to pass to the external assembler (when used)
-    pub asm_args: Vec<String>,
+    pub asm_args: StaticCow<[StaticCow<str>]>,
 
     /// Default CPU to pass to LLVM. Corresponds to `llc -mcpu=$cpu`. Defaults
     /// to "generic".
-    pub cpu: String,
+    pub cpu: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Default target features to pass to LLVM. These features will *always* be
     /// passed, and cannot be disabled even via `-C`. Corresponds to `llc
     /// -mattr=$features`.
-    pub features: String,
+    pub features: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Whether dynamic linking is available on this target. Defaults to false.
     pub dynamic_linking: bool,
     /// If dynamic linking is available, whether only cdylibs are supported.
@@ -1196,21 +1215,21 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// Emit each function in its own section. Defaults to true.
     pub function_sections: bool,
     /// String to prepend to the name of every dynamic library. Defaults to "lib".
-    pub dll_prefix: String,
+    pub dll_prefix: StaticCow<str>,
     /// String to append to the name of every dynamic library. Defaults to ".so".
-    pub dll_suffix: String,
+    pub dll_suffix: StaticCow<str>,
     /// String to append to the name of every executable.
-    pub exe_suffix: String,
+    pub exe_suffix: StaticCow<str>,
     /// String to prepend to the name of every static library. Defaults to "lib".
-    pub staticlib_prefix: String,
+    pub staticlib_prefix: StaticCow<str>,
     /// String to append to the name of every static library. Defaults to ".a".
-    pub staticlib_suffix: String,
+    pub staticlib_suffix: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Values of the `target_family` cfg set for this target.
     ///
     /// Common options are: "unix", "windows". Defaults to no families.
     ///
     /// See <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/conditional-compilation.html#target_family>.
-    pub families: Vec<String>,
+    pub families: StaticCow<[StaticCow<str>]>,
     /// Whether the target toolchain's ABI supports returning small structs as an integer.
     pub abi_return_struct_as_int: bool,
     /// Whether the target toolchain is like macOS's. Only useful for compiling against iOS/macOS,
@@ -1282,7 +1301,7 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// LLVM to assemble an archive or fall back to the system linker, and
     /// currently only "gnu" is used to fall into LLVM. Unknown strings cause
     /// the system linker to be used.
-    pub archive_format: String,
+    pub archive_format: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Is asm!() allowed? Defaults to true.
     pub allow_asm: bool,
     /// Whether the runtime startup code requires the `main` function be passed
@@ -1298,7 +1317,7 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// Whether the target requires that emitted object code includes bitcode.
     pub forces_embed_bitcode: bool,
     /// Content of the LLVM cmdline section associated with embedded bitcode.
-    pub bitcode_llvm_cmdline: String,
+    pub bitcode_llvm_cmdline: StaticCow<str>,
 
     /// Don't use this field; instead use the `.min_atomic_width()` method.
     pub min_atomic_width: Option<u64>,
@@ -1370,7 +1389,7 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
 
     /// If set, have the linker export exactly these symbols, instead of using
     /// the usual logic to figure this out from the crate itself.
-    pub override_export_symbols: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub override_export_symbols: Option<StaticCow<[StaticCow<str>]>>,
 
     /// Determines how or whether the MergeFunctions LLVM pass should run for
     /// this target. Either "disabled", "trampolines", or "aliases".
@@ -1381,16 +1400,16 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     pub merge_functions: MergeFunctions,
 
     /// Use platform dependent mcount function
-    pub mcount: String,
+    pub mcount: StaticCow<str>,
 
     /// LLVM ABI name, corresponds to the '-mabi' parameter available in multilib C compilers
-    pub llvm_abiname: String,
+    pub llvm_abiname: StaticCow<str>,
 
     /// Whether or not RelaxElfRelocation flag will be passed to the linker
     pub relax_elf_relocations: bool,
 
     /// Additional arguments to pass to LLVM, similar to the `-C llvm-args` codegen option.
-    pub llvm_args: Vec<String>,
+    pub llvm_args: StaticCow<[StaticCow<str>]>,
 
     /// Whether to use legacy .ctors initialization hooks rather than .init_array. Defaults
     /// to false (uses .init_array).
@@ -1437,20 +1456,20 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
         TargetOptions {
             is_builtin: false,
             endian: Endian::Little,
-            c_int_width: "32".to_string(),
-            os: "none".to_string(),
-            env: String::new(),
-            abi: String::new(),
-            vendor: "unknown".to_string(),
+            c_int_width: "32".into(),
+            os: "none".into(),
+            env: "".into(),
+            abi: "".into(),
+            vendor: "unknown".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-            linker: option_env!("CFG_DEFAULT_LINKER").map(|s| s.to_string()),
+            linker: option_env!("CFG_DEFAULT_LINKER").map(|s| s.into()),
             lld_flavor: LldFlavor::Ld,
             pre_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
             post_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
             link_script: None,
-            asm_args: Vec::new(),
-            cpu: "generic".to_string(),
-            features: String::new(),
+            asm_args: cvs![],
+            cpu: "generic".into(),
+            features: "".into(),
             dynamic_linking: false,
             only_cdylib: false,
             executables: false,
@@ -1460,12 +1479,12 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             disable_redzone: false,
             frame_pointer: FramePointer::MayOmit,
             function_sections: true,
-            dll_prefix: "lib".to_string(),
-            dll_suffix: ".so".to_string(),
-            exe_suffix: String::new(),
-            staticlib_prefix: "lib".to_string(),
-            staticlib_suffix: ".a".to_string(),
-            families: Vec::new(),
+            dll_prefix: "lib".into(),
+            dll_suffix: ".so".into(),
+            exe_suffix: "".into(),
+            staticlib_prefix: "lib".into(),
+            staticlib_suffix: ".a".into(),
+            families: cvs![],
             abi_return_struct_as_int: false,
             is_like_osx: false,
             is_like_solaris: false,
@@ -1491,15 +1510,15 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             late_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
             late_link_args_dynamic: LinkArgs::new(),
             late_link_args_static: LinkArgs::new(),
-            link_env: Vec::new(),
-            link_env_remove: Vec::new(),
-            archive_format: "gnu".to_string(),
+            link_env: cvs![],
+            link_env_remove: cvs![],
+            archive_format: "gnu".into(),
             main_needs_argc_argv: true,
             allow_asm: true,
             has_thread_local: false,
             obj_is_bitcode: false,
             forces_embed_bitcode: false,
-            bitcode_llvm_cmdline: String::new(),
+            bitcode_llvm_cmdline: "".into(),
             min_atomic_width: None,
             max_atomic_width: None,
             atomic_cas: true,
@@ -1522,10 +1541,10 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             limit_rdylib_exports: true,
             override_export_symbols: None,
             merge_functions: MergeFunctions::Aliases,
-            mcount: "mcount".to_string(),
-            llvm_abiname: "".to_string(),
+            mcount: "mcount".into(),
+            llvm_abiname: "".into(),
             relax_elf_relocations: false,
-            llvm_args: vec![],
+            llvm_args: cvs![],
             use_ctors_section: false,
             eh_frame_header: true,
             has_thumb_interworking: false,
@@ -1671,12 +1690,12 @@ impl Target {
         };
 
         let mut base = Target {
-            llvm_target: get_req_field("llvm-target")?,
+            llvm_target: get_req_field("llvm-target")?.into(),
             pointer_width: get_req_field("target-pointer-width")?
                 .parse::<u32>()
                 .map_err(|_| "target-pointer-width must be an integer".to_string())?,
-            data_layout: get_req_field("data-layout")?,
-            arch: get_req_field("arch")?,
+            data_layout: get_req_field("data-layout")?.into(),
+            arch: get_req_field("arch")?.into(),
             options: Default::default(),
         };
 
@@ -1685,13 +1704,13 @@ impl Target {
         macro_rules! key {
             ($key_name:ident) => ( {
                 let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
-                if let Some(s) = obj.remove_key(&name).and_then(|j| Json::as_string(&j).map(str::to_string)) {
+                if let Some(s) = obj.remove_key(&name).and_then(|j| Json::as_string(&j).map(str::to_string).map(Cow::from)) {
                     base.$key_name = s;
                 }
             } );
             ($key_name:ident = $json_name:expr) => ( {
                 let name = $json_name;
-                if let Some(s) = obj.remove_key(&name).and_then(|j| Json::as_string(&j).map(str::to_string)) {
+                if let Some(s) = obj.remove_key(&name).and_then(|j| Json::as_string(&j).map(str::to_string).map(Cow::from)) {
                     base.$key_name = s;
                 }
             } );
@@ -1711,7 +1730,7 @@ impl Target {
                 let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
                 if let Some(s) = obj.remove_key(&name).and_then(|j| Json::as_u64(&j)) {
                     if s < 1 || s > 5 {
-                        return Err("Not a valid DWARF version number".to_string());
+                        return Err("Not a valid DWARF version number".into());
                     }
                     base.$key_name = Some(s as u32);
                 }
@@ -1813,7 +1832,7 @@ impl Target {
                 if let Some(j) = obj.remove_key(&name){
                     if let Some(v) = Json::as_array(&j) {
                         base.$key_name = v.iter()
-                            .map(|a| a.as_string().unwrap().to_string())
+                            .map(|a| a.as_string().unwrap().to_string().into())
                             .collect();
                     } else {
                         incorrect_type.push(name)
@@ -1825,7 +1844,7 @@ impl Target {
                 if let Some(j) = obj.remove_key(&name) {
                     if let Some(v) = Json::as_array(&j) {
                         base.$key_name = Some(v.iter()
-                            .map(|a| a.as_string().unwrap().to_string())
+                            .map(|a| a.as_string().unwrap().to_string().into())
                             .collect());
                     } else {
                         incorrect_type.push(name)
@@ -1837,7 +1856,7 @@ impl Target {
                 if let Some(o) = obj.remove_key(&name[..]) {
                     base.$key_name = o
                         .as_string()
-                        .map(|s| s.to_string() );
+                        .map(|s| s.to_string().into());
                 }
             } );
             ($key_name:ident, LldFlavor) => ( {
@@ -1931,7 +1950,7 @@ impl Target {
                             .map(|(i,s)| {
                                 let s = s.as_string().ok_or_else(||
                                     format!("{}.{}[{}]: expected a JSON string", name, k, i))?;
-                                Ok(s.to_owned())
+                                Ok(s.to_string().into())
                             })
                             .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, String>>()?;
 
@@ -1958,7 +1977,7 @@ impl Target {
                             .map(|(i,s)| {
                                 let s = s.as_string().ok_or_else(||
                                     format!("{}.{}[{}]: expected a JSON string", name, k, i))?;
-                                Ok(s.to_owned())
+                                Ok(s.to_string().into())
                             })
                             .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, String>>()?;
 
@@ -1977,7 +1996,7 @@ impl Target {
                                 if p.len() == 2 {
                                     let k = p[0].to_string();
                                     let v = p[1].to_string();
-                                    base.$key_name.push((k, v));
+                                    base.$key_name.to_mut().push((k.into(), v.into()));
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -2000,10 +2019,10 @@ impl Target {
                 if let Some(value) = obj.remove_key("target-family") {
                     if let Some(v) = Json::as_array(&value) {
                         base.$key_name = v.iter()
-                            .map(|a| a.as_string().unwrap().to_string())
+                            .map(|a| a.as_string().unwrap().to_string().into())
                             .collect();
                     } else if let Some(v) = Json::as_string(&value) {
-                        base.$key_name = vec![v.to_string()];
+                        base.$key_name = vec![v.to_string().into()].into();
                     }
                 }
             } );
@@ -2013,7 +2032,7 @@ impl Target {
             if let Some(s) = Json::as_string(&j) {
                 base.endian = s.parse()?;
             } else {
-                incorrect_type.push("target-endian".to_string())
+                incorrect_type.push("target-endian".into())
             }
         }
 
@@ -2023,7 +2042,7 @@ impl Target {
                     .parse()
                     .map_err(|()| format!("'{}' is not a valid value for frame-pointer", s))?;
             } else {
-                incorrect_type.push("frame-pointer".to_string())
+                incorrect_type.push("frame-pointer".into())
             }
         }
 
@@ -2128,7 +2147,7 @@ impl Target {
 
         if base.is_builtin {
             // This can cause unfortunate ICEs later down the line.
-            return Err("may not set is_builtin for targets not built-in".to_string());
+            return Err("may not set is_builtin for targets not built-in".into());
         }
         // Each field should have been read using `Json::remove_key` so any keys remaining are unused.
         let remaining_keys = obj.as_object().ok_or("Expected JSON object for target")?.keys();
@@ -2232,7 +2251,7 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
             }};
             ($attr:ident, $key_name:expr) => {{
                 let name = $key_name;
-                d.insert(name.to_string(), self.$attr.to_json());
+                d.insert(name.into(), self.$attr.to_json());
             }};
         }
 
@@ -2246,7 +2265,7 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
             ($attr:ident, $key_name:expr) => {{
                 let name = $key_name;
                 if default.$attr != self.$attr {
-                    d.insert(name.to_string(), self.$attr.to_json());
+                    d.insert(name.into(), self.$attr.to_json());
                 }
             }};
             (link_args - $attr:ident) => {{
@@ -2255,7 +2274,7 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
                     let obj = self
                         .$attr
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|(k, v)| (k.desc().to_owned(), v.clone()))
+                        .map(|(k, v)| (k.desc().to_string(), v.clone()))
                         .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
                     d.insert(name, obj.to_json());
                 }
@@ -2266,7 +2285,7 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
                     let obj = self
                         .$attr
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|&(ref k, ref v)| k.clone() + "=" + &v)
+                        .map(|&(ref k, ref v)| format!("{k}={v}"))
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                     d.insert(name, obj.to_json());
                 }
@@ -2379,7 +2398,7 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
         target_option_val!(supports_stack_protector);
 
         if let Some(abi) = self.default_adjusted_cabi {
-            d.insert("default-adjusted-cabi".to_string(), Abi::name(abi).to_json());
+            d.insert("default-adjusted-cabi".into(), Abi::name(abi).to_json());
         }
 
         Json::Object(d)
@@ -2396,7 +2415,7 @@ pub enum TargetTriple {
 impl TargetTriple {
     /// Creates a target triple from the passed target triple string.
     pub fn from_triple(triple: &str) -> Self {
-        TargetTriple::TargetTriple(triple.to_string())
+        TargetTriple::TargetTriple(triple.into())
     }
 
     /// Creates a target triple from the passed target path.
@@ -2434,7 +2453,7 @@ impl TargetTriple {
             let hash = hasher.finish();
             format!("{}-{}", triple, hash)
         } else {
-            triple.to_owned()
+            triple.into()
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msp430_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msp430_none_elf.rs
index 6e3a241a86e04..cedacb60f3197 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msp430_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msp430_none_elf.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-use crate::spec::{PanicStrategy, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "msp430-none-elf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "msp430-none-elf".into(),
         pointer_width: 16,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:16:16-i32:16-i64:16-f32:16-f64:16-a:8-n8:16-S16".to_string(),
-        arch: "msp430".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:16:16-i32:16-i64:16-f32:16-f64:16-a:8-n8:16-S16".into(),
+        arch: "msp430".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            c_int_width: "16".to_string(),
+            c_int_width: "16".into(),
             executables: true,
 
             // The LLVM backend currently can't generate object files. To
             // workaround this LLVM generates assembly files which then we feed
             // to gcc to get object files. For this reason we have a hard
             // dependency on this specific gcc.
-            asm_args: vec!["-mcpu=msp430".to_string()],
-            linker: Some("msp430-elf-gcc".to_string()),
+            asm_args: cvs!["-mcpu=msp430"],
+            linker: Some("msp430-elf-gcc".into()),
             linker_is_gnu: false,
 
             // There are no atomic CAS instructions available in the MSP430
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
index f1ed4c154d272..00cc9620243da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let pre_link_args_msvc = vec![
         // Suppress the verbose logo and authorship debugging output, which would needlessly
         // clog any log files.
-        "/NOLOGO".to_string(),
+        "/NOLOGO".into(),
     ];
     let mut pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
     pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Msvc, pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs
index 6bb6083d47c53..69016d77cf97b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "netbsd".to_string(),
+        os: "netbsd".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         no_default_libraries: false,
         has_rpath: true,
         position_independent_executables: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs
index ba32a312910d8..9d94ed8aa480d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, MergeFunctions, PanicStrategy, Target, TargetOpt
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        arch: "nvptx64".to_string(),
-        data_layout: "e-i64:64-i128:128-v16:16-v32:32-n16:32:64".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "nvptx64-nvidia-cuda".to_string(),
+        arch: "nvptx64".into(),
+        data_layout: "e-i64:64-i128:128-v16:16-v32:32-n16:32:64".into(),
+        llvm_target: "nvptx64-nvidia-cuda".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            os: "cuda".to_string(),
-            vendor: "nvidia".to_string(),
+            os: "cuda".into(),
+            vendor: "nvidia".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::PtxLinker,
             // The linker can be installed from `crates.io`.
-            linker: Some("rust-ptx-linker".to_string()),
+            linker: Some("rust-ptx-linker".into()),
             linker_is_gnu: false,
 
             // With `ptx-linker` approach, it can be later overridden via link flags.
-            cpu: "sm_30".to_string(),
+            cpu: "sm_30".into(),
 
             // FIXME: create tests for the atomics.
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             obj_is_bitcode: true,
 
             // Convenient and predicable naming scheme.
-            dll_prefix: "".to_string(),
-            dll_suffix: ".ptx".to_string(),
-            exe_suffix: ".ptx".to_string(),
+            dll_prefix: "".into(),
+            dll_suffix: ".ptx".into(),
+            exe_suffix: ".ptx".into(),
 
             // Disable MergeFunctions LLVM optimisation pass because it can
             // produce kernel functions that call other kernel functions.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs
index 70e9e4aed9249..bbd322bb6ce2b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use crate::spec::{FramePointer, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, FramePointer, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "openbsd".to_string(),
+        os: "openbsd".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         has_rpath: true,
         abi_return_struct_as_int: true,
         position_independent_executables: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs
index b3d6b7c610704..595769c4bfa59 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "ppc64".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-freebsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-freebsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index f10d4d49bb909..24d5d187e1a76 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "ppc64".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     // ld.so in at least RHEL6 on ppc64 has a bug related to BIND_NOW, so only enable partial RELRO
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.relro_level = RelroLevel::Partial;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 611621727bd19..0f465ccfe776e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "ppc64".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs
index 9c63997ce2f95..491d344aedbcb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "ppc64".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_freebsd.rs
index 283e9f744cbfc..b198e667ccc36 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "ppc64le".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "ppc64le".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc64le-unknown-freebsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64le-unknown-freebsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i64:64-n32:64".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i64:64-n32:64".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index f645eceadfe3a..09e3936db268d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "ppc64le".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "ppc64le".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 934371fb2211c..8a947b091cb70 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "ppc64le".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "ppc64le".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc64le-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64le-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128-v256:256:256-v512:512:512".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs
index e11318027d5e8..c27b84775df4b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -3,24 +3,24 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
     // Extra hint to linker that we are generating secure-PLT code.
     base.pre_link_args
         .entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
         .or_default()
-        .push("--target=powerpc-unknown-freebsd13.0".to_string());
+        .push("--target=powerpc-unknown-freebsd13.0".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-freebsd13.0".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-freebsd13.0".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Big,
-            features: "+secure-plt".to_string(),
+            features: "+secure-plt".into(),
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Pic,
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 21ffdd2d160f3..88f61500e3ce3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs
index 362d8a104e448..3ee548750b955 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mspe".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mspe".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnuspe".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnuspe".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "spe".to_string(),
+            abi: "spe".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
-            mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "_mcount".into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 9633705db6d1f..ce33c787f3339 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs
index 4cc5224fae30d..998225f4dae1c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-netbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-netbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "__mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "__mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_openbsd.rs
index c17183faa7ae0..ad2c3d40f35ed 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-openbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-openbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs
index 2f0a6ca44a008..76709cec59103 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("--secure-plt".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".into());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("--secure-plt".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, features: "+secure-plt".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, features: "+secure-plt".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs
index a2b85f7dd869a..7b5d1242c52e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs
@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mspe".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("--secure-plt".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mspe".into());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("--secure-plt".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnuspe".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "powerpc-unknown-linux-gnuspe".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".to_string(),
-        arch: "powerpc".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "spe".to_string(),
+            abi: "spe".into(),
             endian: Endian::Big,
             // feature msync would disable instruction 'fsync' which is not supported by fsl_p1p2
-            features: "+secure-plt,+msync".to_string(),
+            features: "+secure-plt,+msync".into(),
             ..base
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs
index bcb536b37a17e..1878cc3fc11db 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "redox".to_string(),
-        env: "relibc".to_string(),
+        os: "redox".into(),
+        env: "relibc".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         has_rpath: true,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index a9cdad1a8b1b4..bffd377bc4a19 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{CodeModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".into(),
+        arch: "riscv32".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             code_model: Some(CodeModel::Medium),
-            cpu: "generic-rv32".to_string(),
-            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".to_string(),
-            llvm_abiname: "ilp32d".to_string(),
+            cpu: "generic-rv32".into(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".into(),
+            llvm_abiname: "ilp32d".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index a64a82d55b90c..c9f3acffb77b1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{CodeModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "riscv32-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv32-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".into(),
+        arch: "riscv32".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             code_model: Some(CodeModel::Medium),
-            cpu: "generic-rv32".to_string(),
-            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".to_string(),
-            llvm_abiname: "ilp32d".to_string(),
+            cpu: "generic-rv32".into(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".into(),
+            llvm_abiname: "ilp32d".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32i_unknown_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32i_unknown_none_elf.rs
index 16d37218f4156..7124e2df9b341 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32i_unknown_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32i_unknown_none_elf.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".into(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        arch: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        arch: "riscv32".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
-            cpu: "generic-rv32".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+            cpu: "generic-rv32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(0),
             atomic_cas: false,
             executables: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32im_unknown_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32im_unknown_none_elf.rs
index 0357a94914fe8..508982eed6871 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32im_unknown_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32im_unknown_none_elf.rs
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".into(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        arch: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        arch: "riscv32".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
-            cpu: "generic-rv32".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+            cpu: "generic-rv32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(0),
             atomic_cas: false,
-            features: "+m".to_string(),
+            features: "+m".into(),
             executables: true,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imac_unknown_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imac_unknown_none_elf.rs
index b53bae6cb56cd..f2bd6249f0a26 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imac_unknown_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imac_unknown_none_elf.rs
@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".into(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        arch: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        arch: "riscv32".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
-            cpu: "generic-rv32".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+            cpu: "generic-rv32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
-            features: "+m,+a,+c".to_string(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+c".into(),
             executables: true,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_esp_espidf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_esp_espidf.rs
index d506e7f6aacbc..0200862c7e013 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_esp_espidf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_esp_espidf.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
+use crate::spec::{cvs, Target, TargetOptions};
 use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel};
-use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".into(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        arch: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        arch: "riscv32".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
-            os: "espidf".to_string(),
-            env: "newlib".to_string(),
-            vendor: "espressif".to_string(),
+            families: cvs!["unix"],
+            os: "espidf".into(),
+            env: "newlib".into(),
+            vendor: "espressif".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-            linker: Some("riscv32-esp-elf-gcc".to_string()),
-            cpu: "generic-rv32".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("riscv32-esp-elf-gcc".into()),
+            cpu: "generic-rv32".into(),
 
             // While the RiscV32IMC architecture does not natively support atomics, ESP-IDF does support
             // the __atomic* and __sync* GCC builtins, so setting `max_atomic_width` to `Some(64)`
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             atomic_cas: true,
 
-            features: "+m,+c".to_string(),
+            features: "+m,+c".into(),
             executables: true,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_unknown_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_unknown_none_elf.rs
index 9a23def199676..4216968cb776a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_unknown_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv32imc_unknown_none_elf.rs
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128".into(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        arch: "riscv32".to_string(),
+        arch: "riscv32".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
-            cpu: "generic-rv32".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+            cpu: "generic-rv32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(0),
             atomic_cas: false,
-            features: "+m,+c".to_string(),
+            features: "+m,+c".into(),
             executables: true,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_freebsd.rs
index 1ea1b9bea2e8d..0539eca6c1fce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{CodeModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "riscv64-unknown-freebsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv64-unknown-freebsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "riscv64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "riscv64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             code_model: Some(CodeModel::Medium),
-            cpu: "generic-rv64".to_string(),
-            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".to_string(),
-            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".to_string(),
+            cpu: "generic-rv64".into(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".into(),
+            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..super::freebsd_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 02d44b5ed7e79..7d1bf228c3702 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{CodeModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "riscv64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "riscv64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             code_model: Some(CodeModel::Medium),
-            cpu: "generic-rv64".to_string(),
-            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".to_string(),
-            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".to_string(),
+            cpu: "generic-rv64".into(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".into(),
+            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 3754750e48d23..f04f8a48bc81f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::{CodeModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "riscv64-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv64-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "riscv64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "riscv64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             code_model: Some(CodeModel::Medium),
-            cpu: "generic-rv64".to_string(),
-            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".to_string(),
-            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".to_string(),
+            cpu: "generic-rv64".into(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".into(),
+            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_none_elf.rs
index f527a6cd26d82..2a93459ef4f74 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_none_elf.rs
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "riscv64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".into(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv64".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        arch: "riscv64".to_string(),
+        arch: "riscv64".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
-            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".to_string(),
-            cpu: "generic-rv64".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".into(),
+            cpu: "generic-rv64".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".to_string(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".into(),
             executables: true,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64imac_unknown_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64imac_unknown_none_elf.rs
index 8b1ba88e67f27..6a8d8a97de641 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64imac_unknown_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64imac_unknown_none_elf.rs
@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".to_string(),
-        llvm_target: "riscv64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".into(),
+        llvm_target: "riscv64".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        arch: "riscv64".to_string(),
+        arch: "riscv64".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
-            cpu: "generic-rv64".to_string(),
+            linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
+            cpu: "generic-rv64".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            features: "+m,+a,+c".to_string(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+c".into(),
             executables: true,
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 4eeea9bedfb50..8757bbed8ad86 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
     // z10 is the oldest CPU supported by LLVM
-    base.cpu = "z10".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "z10".into();
     // FIXME: The data_layout string below and the ABI implementation in
     // cabi_s390x.rs are for now hard-coded to assume the no-vector ABI.
     // Pass the -vector feature string to LLVM to respect this assumption.
-    base.features = "-vector".to_string();
+    base.features = "-vector".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.min_global_align = Some(16);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "s390x-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "s390x-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i1:8:16-i8:8:16-i64:64-f128:64-a:8:16-n32:64".to_string(),
-        arch: "s390x".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i1:8:16-i8:8:16-i64:64-f128:64-a:8:16-n32:64".into(),
+        arch: "s390x".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 4f811ce98c181..4c855271a2ab5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/s390x_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
     // z10 is the oldest CPU supported by LLVM
-    base.cpu = "z10".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "z10".into();
     // FIXME: The data_layout string below and the ABI implementation in
     // cabi_s390x.rs are for now hard-coded to assume the no-vector ABI.
     // Pass the -vector feature string to LLVM to respect this assumption.
-    base.features = "-vector".to_string();
+    base.features = "-vector".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.min_global_align = Some(16);
     base.static_position_independent_executables = true;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "s390x-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "s390x-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i1:8:16-i8:8:16-i64:64-f128:64-a:8:16-n32:64".to_string(),
-        arch: "s390x".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i1:8:16-i8:8:16-i64:64-f128:64-a:8:16-n32:64".into(),
+        arch: "s390x".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solaris_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solaris_base.rs
index bc32b50168884..d61e1b2ec1048 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solaris_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solaris_base.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
+use crate::spec::{cvs, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "solaris".to_string(),
+        os: "solaris".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
         has_rpath: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         is_like_solaris: true,
         linker_is_gnu: false,
         limit_rdylib_exports: false, // Linker doesn't support this
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solid_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solid_base.rs
index 421cfc401127d..c5602a4513a9a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solid_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/solid_base.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 
 pub fn opts(kernel: &str) -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: format!("solid_{}", kernel),
-        vendor: "kmc".to_string(),
+        os: format!("solid_{}", kernel).into(),
+        vendor: "kmc".into(),
         frame_pointer: FramePointer::NonLeaf,
         has_thread_local: true,
         ..Default::default()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index e1aa48872b906..39efd8f305cdd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
-    base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "v9".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "sparc64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "sparc64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs
index b4286dfd88f11..718303a4b4d5e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "v9".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "sparc64-unknown-netbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "sparc64-unknown-netbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "sparc64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "__mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "sparc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "__mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
index 9732983161f29..2aaa0ca6df844 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::openbsd_base::opts();
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
-    base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.cpu = "v9".into();
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "sparc64-unknown-openbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "sparc64-unknown-openbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "sparc64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "sparc64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 1fd4cadfffc79..71d3de0bfd1ba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
-    base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "v9".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mv8plus".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mv8plus".into());
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "sparc-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "sparc-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-f128:64-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "sparc".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-f128:64-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "sparc".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparcv9_sun_solaris.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparcv9_sun_solaris.rs
index abc46a8c9c3ac..79ae54aa6668f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparcv9_sun_solaris.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparcv9_sun_solaris.rs
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::solaris_base::opts();
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".to_string()]);
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".into()]);
     // llvm calls this "v9"
-    base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
-    base.vendor = "sun".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "v9".into();
+    base.vendor = "sun".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "sparcv9-sun-solaris".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "sparcv9-sun-solaris".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64-S128".into(),
         // Use "sparc64" instead of "sparcv9" here, since the former is already
         // used widely in the source base.  If we ever needed ABI
         // differentiation from the sparc64, we could, but that would probably
         // just be confusing.
-        arch: "sparc64".to_string(),
+        arch: "sparc64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumb_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumb_base.rs
index e2e528561e797..ef6038e6120b0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumb_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumb_base.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
         executables: true,
         // In most cases, LLD is good enough
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         // Because these devices have very little resources having an unwinder is too onerous so we
         // default to "abort" because the "unwind" strategy is very rare.
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs
index f86efd5d0f490..8d6130a8a7936 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 //!
 //! **Important:** This target profile **does not** specify a linker script. You just get the default link script when you build a binary for this target. The default link script is very likely wrong, so you should use `-Clink-arg=-Tmy_script.ld` to override that with a correct linker script.
 
-use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv4t-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv4t-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         /* Data layout args are '-' separated:
          * little endian
          * stack is 64-bit aligned (EABI)
@@ -24,24 +24,20 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
          * native integers are 32-bit
          * All other elements are default
          */
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Ld,
-            linker: Some("arm-none-eabi-ld".to_string()),
+            linker: Some("arm-none-eabi-ld".into()),
 
             // extra args passed to the external assembler (assuming `arm-none-eabi-as`):
             // * activate t32/a32 interworking
             // * use arch ARMv4T
             // * use little-endian
-            asm_args: vec![
-                "-mthumb-interwork".to_string(),
-                "-march=armv4t".to_string(),
-                "-mlittle-endian".to_string(),
-            ],
+            asm_args: cvs!["-mthumb-interwork", "-march=armv4t", "-mlittle-endian",],
 
             // minimum extra features, these cannot be disabled via -C
-            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".to_string(),
+            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".into(),
 
             main_needs_argc_argv: false,
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs
index 40e3281060f9f..2546ab9b7e680 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv6m-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv6m-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             // The ARMv6-M architecture doesn't support unaligned loads/stores so we disable them
             // with +strict-align.
-            features: "+strict-align".to_string(),
+            features: "+strict-align".into(),
             // There are no atomic CAS instructions available in the instruction set of the ARMv6-M
             // architecture
             atomic_cas: false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index 369e6cd5e9326..f6cbbd38cf4aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -9,20 +9,20 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // should be smart enough to insert branch islands only
     // where necessary, but this is not the observed behavior.
     // Disabling the LBR optimization works around the issue.
-    let pre_link_args_msvc = "/OPT:NOLBR".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().push(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
+    let pre_link_args_msvc = "/OPT:NOLBR";
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().push(pre_link_args_msvc.into());
     base.pre_link_args
         .entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
         .or_default()
-        .push(pre_link_args_msvc);
+        .push(pre_link_args_msvc.into());
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv7a-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv7a-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+vfp3,+neon".to_string(),
+            features: "+vfp3,+neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             // FIXME(jordanrh): use PanicStrategy::Unwind when SEH is
             // implemented for windows/arm in LLVM
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_uwp_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
index 72d39ef9a95ac..65c2f5a704b76 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use crate::spec::{PanicStrategy, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv7a-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv7a-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:w-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            features: "+vfp3,+neon".to_string(),
+            features: "+vfp3,+neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             // FIXME(jordanrh): use PanicStrategy::Unwind when SEH is
             // implemented for windows/arm in LLVM
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabi.rs
index 107474a86bbb2..000e5f2d3c6ba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabi.rs
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv7em-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv7em-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::thumb_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabihf.rs
index 65fc0db65285d..39a72564e49a2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7em_none_eabihf.rs
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv7em-none-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv7em-none-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // `+vfp4` is the lowest common denominator between the Cortex-M4 (vfp4-16) and the
             // Cortex-M7 (vfp5)
             // `-d32` both the Cortex-M4 and the Cortex-M7 only have 16 double-precision registers
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             //
             // Reference:
             // ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual - A2.5 The optional floating-point extension
-            features: "+vfp4,-d32,-fp64".to_string(),
+            features: "+vfp4,-d32,-fp64".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::thumb_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7m_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7m_none_eabi.rs
index ff939348c35f3..ab25cde66c7c4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7m_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7m_none_eabi.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv7m-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv7m-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::thumb_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs
index fcb7b5d718cfb..9a3e8b5c5f8f2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs
@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::android_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-march=armv7-a".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-march=armv7-a".into());
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-none-linux-android".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-none-linux-android".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..base
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
index 9d34d9ac874b0..28c81340ad899 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_gnueabihf.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // Info about features at https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort
-            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon".to_string(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
index 4e339cbd6be27..2c375ab22d795 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_musleabihf.rs
@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         // It's important we use "gnueabihf" and not "musleabihf" here. LLVM
         // uses it to determine the calling convention and float ABI, and LLVM
         // doesn't support the "musleabihf" value.
-        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         // Most of these settings are copied from the thumbv7neon_unknown_linux_gnueabihf
         // target.
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
-            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
+            features: "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
-            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(),
+            mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(),
             ..super::linux_musl_base::opts()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_base_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_base_none_eabi.rs
index ef0f52d21992c..756b1834c827b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_base_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_base_none_eabi.rs
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv8m.base-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv8m.base-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             // ARMv8-M baseline doesn't support unaligned loads/stores so we disable them
             // with +strict-align.
-            features: "+strict-align".to_string(),
+            features: "+strict-align".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::thumb_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabi.rs
index dbd184debcb08..4b62685465497 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabi.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv8m.main-none-eabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv8m.main-none-eabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabi".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::thumb_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabihf.rs
index 3caf705421c6d..86c25f9e4b993 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv8m_main_none_eabihf.rs
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "thumbv8m.main-none-eabihf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "thumbv8m.main-none-eabihf".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".to_string(),
-        arch: "arm".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            abi: "eabihf".to_string(),
+            abi: "eabihf".into(),
             // If the Floating Point extension is implemented in the Cortex-M33
             // processor, the Cortex-M33 Technical Reference Manual states that
             // the FPU uses the FPv5 architecture, single-precision instructions
             // and 16 D registers.
             // These parameters map to the following LLVM features.
-            features: "+fp-armv8,-fp64,-d32".to_string(),
+            features: "+fp-armv8,-fp64,-d32".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(32),
             ..super::thumb_base::opts()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
index 6b6b60186010d..bc7244b3a4551 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // Non-standard subsystems have no default entry-point in PE+ files. We have to define
         // one. "efi_main" seems to be a common choice amongst other implementations and the
         // spec.
-        "/entry:efi_main".to_string(),
+        "/entry:efi_main".into(),
         // COFF images have a "Subsystem" field in their header, which defines what kind of
         // program it is. UEFI has 3 fields reserved, which are EFI_APPLICATION,
         // EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER, and EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER. We default to EFI_APPLICATION,
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // regions the application is loaded into (runtime-drivers need to be put into
         // reserved areas), as well as whether a return from the entry-point is treated as
         // exit (default for applications).
-        "/subsystem:efi_application".to_string(),
+        "/subsystem:efi_application".into(),
     ];
     base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     base.pre_link_args
@@ -37,17 +37,17 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         .extend(pre_link_args_msvc);
 
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "uefi".to_string(),
+        os: "uefi".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link),
         disable_redzone: true,
-        exe_suffix: ".efi".to_string(),
+        exe_suffix: ".efi".into(),
         allows_weak_linkage: false,
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
         // LLVM does not emit inline assembly because the LLVM target does not get considered as…
         // "Windows".
         stack_probes: StackProbeType::Call,
         singlethread: true,
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_string()),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         ..base
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs
index 3f709e7023469..2beb279e39861 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
+use crate::spec::{cvs, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "vxworks".to_string(),
-        env: "gnu".to_string(),
-        vendor: "wrs".to_string(),
-        linker: Some("wr-c++".to_string()),
-        exe_suffix: ".vxe".to_string(),
+        os: "vxworks".into(),
+        env: "gnu".into(),
+        vendor: "wrs".into(),
+        linker: Some("wr-c++".into()),
+        exe_suffix: ".vxe".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix"],
         has_rpath: true,
         has_thread_local: true,
         crt_static_default: true,
         crt_static_respected: true,
         crt_static_allows_dylibs: true,
         // VxWorks needs to implement this to support profiling
-        mcount: "_mcount".to_string(),
+        mcount: "_mcount".into(),
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
index 8fcdbc146af93..b34cac41d78ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::wasm_base;
+use super::{cvs, wasm_base};
 use super::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
@@ -11,41 +11,40 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // however it does have the side effect of automatically exporting a lot
     // of symbols, which approximates what people want when compiling for
     // wasm32-unknown-unknown expect, so use it for now.
-    clang_args.push("--export-dynamic".to_string());
+    clang_args.push("--export-dynamic".into());
 
     let mut post_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
     post_link_args.insert(
         LinkerFlavor::Em,
         vec![
-            "-s".to_string(),
-            "ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=1".to_string(),
-            "-s".to_string(),
-            "ASSERTIONS=1".to_string(),
-            "-s".to_string(),
-            "ABORTING_MALLOC=0".to_string(),
-            "-Wl,--fatal-warnings".to_string(),
+            "-s".into(),
+            "ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=1".into(),
+            "-s".into(),
+            "ASSERTIONS=1".into(),
+            "-s".into(),
+            "ABORTING_MALLOC=0".into(),
+            "-Wl,--fatal-warnings".into(),
         ],
     );
 
     let opts = TargetOptions {
-        os: "emscripten".to_string(),
+        os: "emscripten".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Em,
         // emcc emits two files - a .js file to instantiate the wasm and supply platform
         // functionality, and a .wasm file.
-        exe_suffix: ".js".to_string(),
+        exe_suffix: ".js".into(),
         linker: None,
         is_like_emscripten: true,
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Unwind,
         post_link_args,
-        families: vec!["unix".to_string(), "wasm".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["unix", "wasm"],
         ..options
     };
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "wasm32-unknown-emscripten".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "wasm32-unknown-emscripten".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p10:8:8-p20:8:8-i64:64-f128:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "wasm32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p10:8:8-p20:8:8-i64:64-f128:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20".into(),
+        arch: "wasm32".into(),
         options: opts,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs
index e50cf97409475..214b5fce5a6b0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::spec::abi::Abi;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut options = wasm_base::options();
-    options.os = "unknown".to_string();
+    options.os = "unknown".into();
     options.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm);
 
     // This is a default for backwards-compatibility with the original
@@ -33,29 +33,29 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
 
     // Make sure clang uses LLD as its linker and is configured appropriately
     // otherwise
-    clang_args.push("--target=wasm32-unknown-unknown".to_string());
+    clang_args.push("--target=wasm32-unknown-unknown".into());
 
     // For now this target just never has an entry symbol no matter the output
     // type, so unconditionally pass this.
-    clang_args.push("-Wl,--no-entry".to_string());
+    clang_args.push("-Wl,--no-entry".into());
 
     // Rust really needs a way for users to specify exports and imports in
     // the source code. --export-dynamic isn't the right tool for this job,
     // however it does have the side effect of automatically exporting a lot
     // of symbols, which approximates what people want when compiling for
     // wasm32-unknown-unknown expect, so use it for now.
-    clang_args.push("-Wl,--export-dynamic".to_string());
+    clang_args.push("-Wl,--export-dynamic".into());
 
     // Add the flags to wasm-ld's args too.
     let lld_args = options.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm)).or_default();
-    lld_args.push("--no-entry".to_string());
-    lld_args.push("--export-dynamic".to_string());
+    lld_args.push("--no-entry".into());
+    lld_args.push("--export-dynamic".into());
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "wasm32-unknown-unknown".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "wasm32-unknown-unknown".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p10:8:8-p20:8:8-i64:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20".to_string(),
-        arch: "wasm32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p10:8:8-p20:8:8-i64:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20".into(),
+        arch: "wasm32".into(),
         options,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs
index a4b81c9a2788f..10eb78e4e25b7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ use super::{crt_objects, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut options = wasm_base::options();
 
-    options.os = "wasi".to_string();
+    options.os = "wasi".into();
     options.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm);
     options
         .pre_link_args
         .entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
         .or_insert(Vec::new())
-        .push("--target=wasm32-wasi".to_string());
+        .push("--target=wasm32-wasi".into());
 
     options.pre_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::pre_wasi_fallback();
     options.post_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::post_wasi_fallback();
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     options.main_needs_argc_argv = false;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "wasm32-wasi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "wasm32-wasi".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p10:8:8-p20:8:8-i64:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20".to_string(),
-        arch: "wasm32".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p10:8:8-p20:8:8-i64:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20".into(),
+        arch: "wasm32".into(),
         options,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm64_unknown_unknown.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm64_unknown_unknown.rs
index 6b7dfbb87d250..609b7d42e43a1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm64_unknown_unknown.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm64_unknown_unknown.rs
@@ -12,32 +12,32 @@ use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut options = wasm_base::options();
-    options.os = "unknown".to_string();
+    options.os = "unknown".into();
     options.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm);
     let clang_args = options.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap();
 
     // Make sure clang uses LLD as its linker and is configured appropriately
     // otherwise
-    clang_args.push("--target=wasm64-unknown-unknown".to_string());
+    clang_args.push("--target=wasm64-unknown-unknown".into());
 
     // For now this target just never has an entry symbol no matter the output
     // type, so unconditionally pass this.
-    clang_args.push("-Wl,--no-entry".to_string());
+    clang_args.push("-Wl,--no-entry".into());
 
     let lld_args = options.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm)).unwrap();
-    lld_args.push("--no-entry".to_string());
-    lld_args.push("-mwasm64".to_string());
+    lld_args.push("--no-entry".into());
+    lld_args.push("-mwasm64".into());
 
     // Any engine that implements wasm64 will surely implement the rest of these
     // features since they were all merged into the official spec by the time
     // wasm64 was designed.
-    options.features = "+bulk-memory,+mutable-globals,+sign-ext,+nontrapping-fptoint".to_string();
+    options.features = "+bulk-memory,+mutable-globals,+sign-ext,+nontrapping-fptoint".into();
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "wasm64-unknown-unknown".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "wasm64-unknown-unknown".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20".to_string(),
-        arch: "wasm64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-n32:64-S128-ni:1:10:20".into(),
+        arch: "wasm64".into(),
         options,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs
index e1a23b213f0f8..de7b7374af314 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use super::crt_objects::CrtObjectsFallback;
-use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, TargetOptions, TlsModel};
+use super::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, TargetOptions, TlsModel};
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 pub fn options() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut lld_args = Vec::new();
     let mut clang_args = Vec::new();
-    let mut arg = |arg: &str| {
-        lld_args.push(arg.to_string());
-        clang_args.push(format!("-Wl,{}", arg));
+    let mut arg = |arg: &'static str| {
+        lld_args.push(arg.into());
+        clang_args.push(format!("-Wl,{}", arg).into());
     };
 
     // By default LLD only gives us one page of stack (64k) which is a
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn options() -> TargetOptions {
 
     TargetOptions {
         is_like_wasm: true,
-        families: vec!["wasm".to_string()],
+        families: cvs!["wasm"],
 
         // we allow dynamic linking, but only cdylibs. Basically we allow a
         // final library artifact that exports some symbols (a wasm module) but
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ pub fn options() -> TargetOptions {
         executables: true,
 
         // relatively self-explanatory!
-        exe_suffix: ".wasm".to_string(),
-        dll_prefix: String::new(),
-        dll_suffix: ".wasm".to_string(),
+        exe_suffix: ".wasm".into(),
+        dll_prefix: "".into(),
+        dll_suffix: ".wasm".into(),
         eh_frame_header: false,
 
         max_atomic_width: Some(64),
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub fn options() -> TargetOptions {
         limit_rdylib_exports: false,
 
         // we use the LLD shipped with the Rust toolchain by default
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         lld_flavor: LldFlavor::Wasm,
         linker_is_gnu: false,
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
index 35a52896f6fa6..d11f1f7d3f856 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::spec::crt_objects::{self, CrtObjectsFallback};
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         vec![
             // Tell GCC to avoid linker plugins, because we are not bundling
             // them with Windows installer, and Rust does its own LTO anyways.
-            "-fno-use-linker-plugin".to_string(),
+            "-fno-use-linker-plugin".into(),
             // Enable ASLR
-            "-Wl,--dynamicbase".to_string(),
+            "-Wl,--dynamicbase".into(),
             // ASLR will rebase it anyway so leaving that option enabled only leads to confusion
-            "-Wl,--disable-auto-image-base".to_string(),
+            "-Wl,--disable-auto-image-base".into(),
         ],
     );
 
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     // Order of `late_link_args*` was found through trial and error to work with various
     // mingw-w64 versions (not tested on the CI). It's expected to change from time to time.
     let mingw_libs = vec![
-        "-lmsvcrt".to_string(),
-        "-lmingwex".to_string(),
-        "-lmingw32".to_string(),
-        "-lgcc".to_string(), // alas, mingw* libraries above depend on libgcc
+        "-lmsvcrt".into(),
+        "-lmingwex".into(),
+        "-lmingw32".into(),
+        "-lgcc".into(), // alas, mingw* libraries above depend on libgcc
         // mingw's msvcrt is a weird hybrid import library and static library.
         // And it seems that the linker fails to use import symbols from msvcrt
         // that are required from functions in msvcrt in certain cases. For example
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // The library is purposely listed twice to fix that.
         //
         // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/47483 for some more details.
-        "-lmsvcrt".to_string(),
-        "-luser32".to_string(),
-        "-lkernel32".to_string(),
+        "-lmsvcrt".into(),
+        "-luser32".into(),
+        "-lkernel32".into(),
     ];
     late_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, mingw_libs.clone());
     late_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), mingw_libs);
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // If any of our crates are dynamically linked then we need to use
         // the shared libgcc_s-dw2-1.dll. This is required to support
         // unwinding across DLL boundaries.
-        "-lgcc_s".to_string(),
+        "-lgcc_s".into(),
     ];
     late_link_args_dynamic.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, dynamic_unwind_libs.clone());
     late_link_args_dynamic.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), dynamic_unwind_libs);
@@ -53,25 +53,25 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // binaries to be redistributed without the libgcc_s-dw2-1.dll
         // dependency, but unfortunately break unwinding across DLL
         // boundaries when unwinding across FFI boundaries.
-        "-lgcc_eh".to_string(),
-        "-l:libpthread.a".to_string(),
+        "-lgcc_eh".into(),
+        "-l:libpthread.a".into(),
     ];
     late_link_args_static.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, static_unwind_libs.clone());
     late_link_args_static.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), static_unwind_libs);
 
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "windows".to_string(),
-        env: "gnu".to_string(),
-        vendor: "pc".to_string(),
+        os: "windows".into(),
+        env: "gnu".into(),
+        vendor: "pc".into(),
         // FIXME(#13846) this should be enabled for windows
         function_sections: false,
-        linker: Some("gcc".to_string()),
+        linker: Some("gcc".into()),
         dynamic_linking: true,
         executables: true,
-        dll_prefix: String::new(),
-        dll_suffix: ".dll".to_string(),
-        exe_suffix: ".exe".to_string(),
-        families: vec!["windows".to_string()],
+        dll_prefix: "".into(),
+        dll_suffix: ".dll".into(),
+        exe_suffix: ".exe".into(),
+        families: cvs!["windows"],
         is_like_windows: true,
         allows_weak_linkage: false,
         pre_link_args,
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         emit_debug_gdb_scripts: false,
         requires_uwtable: true,
         eh_frame_header: false,
-
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_msvc_base.rs
index 063b6538d95ee..21062c337d825 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_msvc_base.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
+use crate::spec::{cvs, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let base = super::msvc_base::opts();
 
     TargetOptions {
-        os: "windows".to_string(),
-        env: "msvc".to_string(),
-        vendor: "pc".to_string(),
+        os: "windows".into(),
+        env: "msvc".into(),
+        vendor: "pc".into(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
-        dll_prefix: String::new(),
-        dll_suffix: ".dll".to_string(),
-        exe_suffix: ".exe".to_string(),
-        staticlib_prefix: String::new(),
-        staticlib_suffix: ".lib".to_string(),
-        families: vec!["windows".to_string()],
+        dll_prefix: "".into(),
+        dll_suffix: ".dll".into(),
+        exe_suffix: ".exe".into(),
+        staticlib_prefix: "".into(),
+        staticlib_suffix: ".lib".into(),
+        families: cvs!["windows"],
         crt_static_allows_dylibs: true,
         crt_static_respected: true,
         requires_uwtable: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_gnu_base.rs
index 86df816f10dc2..119683917768b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_gnu_base.rs
@@ -9,24 +9,24 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let late_link_args_dynamic = LinkArgs::new();
     let late_link_args_static = LinkArgs::new();
     let mingw_libs = vec![
-        //"-lwinstorecompat".to_string(),
-        //"-lmingwex".to_string(),
-        //"-lwinstorecompat".to_string(),
-        "-lwinstorecompat".to_string(),
-        "-lruntimeobject".to_string(),
-        "-lsynchronization".to_string(),
-        "-lvcruntime140_app".to_string(),
-        "-lucrt".to_string(),
-        "-lwindowsapp".to_string(),
-        "-lmingwex".to_string(),
-        "-lmingw32".to_string(),
+        //"-lwinstorecompat".into(),
+        //"-lmingwex".into(),
+        //"-lwinstorecompat".into(),
+        "-lwinstorecompat".into(),
+        "-lruntimeobject".into(),
+        "-lsynchronization".into(),
+        "-lvcruntime140_app".into(),
+        "-lucrt".into(),
+        "-lwindowsapp".into(),
+        "-lmingwex".into(),
+        "-lmingw32".into(),
     ];
     late_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, mingw_libs.clone());
     late_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), mingw_libs);
 
     TargetOptions {
-        abi: "uwp".to_string(),
-        vendor: "uwp".to_string(),
+        abi: "uwp".into(),
+        vendor: "uwp".into(),
         executables: false,
         limit_rdylib_exports: false,
         late_link_args,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs
index 7b56b468c28ed..d6b065b529a56 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, TargetOptions};
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut opts = super::windows_msvc_base::opts();
 
-    opts.abi = "uwp".to_string();
-    opts.vendor = "uwp".to_string();
-    let pre_link_args_msvc = vec!["/APPCONTAINER".to_string(), "mincore.lib".to_string()];
+    opts.abi = "uwp".into();
+    opts.vendor = "uwp".into();
+    let pre_link_args_msvc = vec!["/APPCONTAINER".into(), "mincore.lib".into()];
     opts.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     opts.pre_link_args
         .entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs
index 22fdaabfcb89b..51d14f0403a55 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Targ
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos");
-    base.cpu = "core2".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "core2".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128); // core2 support cmpxchg16b
     base.frame_pointer = FramePointer::Always;
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec!["-m64".to_string(), "-arch".to_string(), "x86_64".to_string()],
-    );
-    base.link_env_remove.extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
+    base.pre_link_args
+        .insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".into(), "-arch".into(), "x86_64".into()]);
+    base.link_env_remove.to_mut().extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.supported_sanitizers =
@@ -23,11 +21,11 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let llvm_target = super::apple_base::macos_llvm_target(&arch);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target,
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:o-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: arch.to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "\u{1}mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+            .into(),
+        arch: arch.into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "\u{1}mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios.rs
index 6e20bd23f1759..5e64ed0cff642 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ use crate::spec::{StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = opts("ios", Arch::X86_64);
+    let llvm_target = super::apple_base::ios_sim_llvm_target("x86_64");
+
     Target {
-        llvm_target: super::apple_base::ios_sim_llvm_target("x86_64"),
+        llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:o-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
index c228e42ef3004..c75632571ad38 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ use crate::spec::{StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = opts("ios", Arch::X86_64_macabi);
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-apple-ios13.0-macabi".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-apple-ios13.0-macabi".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:o-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_tvos.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_tvos.rs
index e3a5de4cbd1a4..a848c5a0affea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_tvos.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_tvos.rs
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ use crate::spec::{StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let base = opts("tvos", Arch::X86_64);
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-apple-tvos".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-apple-tvos".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
-        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128".to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs
index 59cd56ebcd535..47c70513faf88 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-use std::iter;
+use std::{borrow::Cow, iter};
+
+use crate::spec::cvs;
 
 use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
@@ -58,18 +60,18 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         abi: "fortanix".into(),
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
         executables: true,
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         max_atomic_width: Some(64),
         cpu: "x86-64".into(),
         features: "+rdrnd,+rdseed,+lvi-cfi,+lvi-load-hardening".into(),
-        llvm_args: vec!["--x86-experimental-lvi-inline-asm-hardening".into()],
+        llvm_args: cvs!["--x86-experimental-lvi-inline-asm-hardening"],
         position_independent_executables: true,
         pre_link_args: iter::once((
             LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-            PRE_LINK_ARGS.iter().cloned().map(String::from).collect(),
+            PRE_LINK_ARGS.iter().cloned().map(Cow::from).collect(),
         ))
         .collect(),
-        override_export_symbols: Some(EXPORT_SYMBOLS.iter().cloned().map(String::from).collect()),
+        override_export_symbols: Some(EXPORT_SYMBOLS.iter().cloned().map(Cow::from).collect()),
         relax_elf_relocations: true,
         ..Default::default()
     };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fuchsia.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fuchsia.rs
index c253c0c30b3d3..4f88fc3500bdf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fuchsia.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fuchsia.rs
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ use crate::spec::{SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::fuchsia_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-fuchsia".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-fuchsia".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs
index 657520a8cafd1..049cab0d554ec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target, TargetOpti
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::android_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     // https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html#86-64
-    base.features = "+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+sse3,+ssse3,+sse4.1,+sse4.2,+popcnt".to_string();
+    base.features = "+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+sse3,+ssse3,+sse4.1,+sse4.2,+popcnt".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-linux-android".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-linux-android".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions { supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::ADDRESS, ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs
index 6aa0728668277..2a697daeb28f8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::solaris_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".to_string()]);
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
-    base.vendor = "pc".to_string();
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".into()]);
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
+    base.vendor = "pc".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-solaris".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-solaris".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs
index 26a81a484b900..0fa43481c9bbb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     let gcc_pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
-    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-m64".to_string());
+    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-m64".into());
     // Use high-entropy 64 bit address space for ASLR
-    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-Wl,--high-entropy-va".to_string());
+    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-Wl,--high-entropy-va".into());
     base.pre_link_args
-        .insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".to_string(), "i386pep".to_string()]);
+        .insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".into(), "i386pep".into()]);
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.linker = Some("x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc".to_string());
+    base.linker = Some("x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc".into());
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:w-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index 1c4ccebb488c5..081806aa69819 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:w-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_sun_solaris.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_sun_solaris.rs
index 2fa53470f74f2..a02018266fbb2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_sun_solaris.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_sun_solaris.rs
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::solaris_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".to_string()]);
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
-    base.vendor = "sun".to_string();
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".into()]);
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
+    base.vendor = "sun".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-solaris".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-solaris".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs
index d69830f0a3f4f..1f2b998a7ba5f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::dragonfly_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-dragonfly".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-dragonfly".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs
index 24cc7ae788b45..c9aedd6ea82f7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.supported_sanitizers =
         SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI | SanitizerSet::MEMORY | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-freebsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-freebsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_haiku.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_haiku.rs
index fcd96ddd61b33..aebbd18c66a4f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_haiku.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_haiku.rs
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::haiku_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".to_string()]);
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".into()]);
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     // This option is required to build executables on Haiku x86_64
     base.position_independent_executables = true;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-haiku".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-haiku".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_hermit.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_hermit.rs
index 1ef24b6eb365e..d315301615bcf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_hermit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_hermit.rs
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ use crate::spec::{StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::hermit_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.features = "+rdrnd,+rdseed".to_string();
+    base.features = "+rdrnd,+rdseed".into();
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-hermit".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-hermit".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs
index 79ccf63acfada..9529fa9640dfa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::illumos_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".to_string(), "-std=c99".to_string()]);
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-m64".into(), "-std=c99".into()]);
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI;
 
     Target {
         // LLVM does not currently have a separate illumos target,
         // so we still pass Solaris to it
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-solaris".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-solaris".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs
index 64c7c1c5f6fbe..78189a0c0969a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ use crate::spec::{PanicStrategy, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::l4re_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.crt_static_allows_dylibs = false;
     base.dynamic_linking = false;
     base.panic_strategy = PanicStrategy::Abort;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-l4re-uclibc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-l4re-uclibc".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index aefbb398286ac..e525cfdde14fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.static_position_independent_executables = true;
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs
index 109f86d3a410a..863b41633e247 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
-    base.abi = "x32".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
+    base.abi = "x32".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mx32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mx32".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.has_thread_local = false;
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.needs_plt = true;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnux32".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnux32".into(),
         pointer_width: 32,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-\
             i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index a5e79803335b7..8678f06e2cb56 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.static_position_independent_executables = true;
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs
index bdb2be4f863e2..a7115dace1c08 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target, TargetOpti
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-netbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-netbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
-        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "__mcount".to_string(), ..base },
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { mcount: "__mcount".into(), ..base },
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs
index 722409dd168ce..0c510dfaa12c4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::{
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let opts = TargetOptions {
-        cpu: "x86-64".to_string(),
+        cpu: "x86-64".into(),
         max_atomic_width: Some(64),
         // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
         stack_probes: StackProbeType::Call,
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         relocation_model: RelocModel::Pic,
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
-        linker: Some("rust-lld".to_owned()),
+        linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         features:
             "-mmx,-sse,-sse2,-sse3,-ssse3,-sse4.1,-sse4.2,-3dnow,-3dnowa,-avx,-avx2,+soft-float"
-                .to_string(),
+                .into(),
         executables: true,
         disable_redzone: true,
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         ..Default::default()
     };
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-none-elf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-none-elf".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: opts,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs
index fa6f255d4d9e5..0db88d64ac072 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs
@@ -5,24 +5,23 @@ use crate::spec::{CodeModel, LinkerFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_kernel_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.features =
-        "-mmx,-sse,-sse2,-sse3,-ssse3,-sse4.1,-sse4.2,-3dnow,-3dnowa,-avx,-avx2,+soft-float"
-            .to_string();
+        "-mmx,-sse,-sse2,-sse3,-ssse3,-sse4.1,-sse4.2,-3dnow,-3dnowa,-avx,-avx2,+soft-float".into();
     base.code_model = Some(CodeModel::Kernel);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
 
     Target {
         // FIXME: Some dispute, the linux-on-clang folks think this should use
         // "Linux". We disagree because running *on* Linux is nothing like
         // running *as" linux, and historically the "os" component as has always
         // been used to mean the "on" part.
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-none-elf".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-none-elf".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
 
         options: base,
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs
index 4eb3f34a03614..11e9cc4abc0c0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::openbsd_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-openbsd".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-openbsd".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs
index b8269ecae20bb..af8b9673c3063 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::redox_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-redox".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-redox".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_uefi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_uefi.rs
index be0e62bea0228..a7ae17839da8c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_uefi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_uefi.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::uefi_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     // We disable MMX and SSE for now, even though UEFI allows using them. Problem is, you have to
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     //
     // If you initialize FP units yourself, you can override these flags with custom linker
     // arguments, thus giving you access to full MMX/SSE acceleration.
-    base.features = "-mmx,-sse,+soft-float".to_string();
+    base.features = "-mmx,-sse,+soft-float".into();
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-windows".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-windows".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:w-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
 
         options: base,
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
index a5425e1c129f0..a94bbbf6edeb9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_uwp_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     let gcc_pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
-    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-m64".to_string());
+    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-m64".into());
     // Use high-entropy 64 bit address space for ASLR
-    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-Wl,--high-entropy-va".to_string());
+    gcc_pre_link_args.push("-Wl,--high-entropy-va".into());
     base.pre_link_args
-        .insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".to_string(), "i386pep".to_string()]);
+        .insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld), vec!["-m".into(), "i386pep".into()]);
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:w-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
index 06ccc272300d6..b2769350bf66d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_uwp_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:w-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs
index f9f775084fb41..16d29753e7dc4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
-    base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
+    base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".into());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
     base.disable_redzone = true;
 
     Target {
-        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
+        llvm_target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".into(),
         pointer_width: 64,
         data_layout: "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
-            .to_string(),
-        arch: "x86_64".to_string(),
+            .into(),
+        arch: "x86_64".into(),
         options: base,
     }
 }
diff --git a/library/core/src/mem/mod.rs b/library/core/src/mem/mod.rs
index 005f8749e01e6..0d33fea75f407 100644
--- a/library/core/src/mem/mod.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/mem/mod.rs
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ pub const unsafe fn size_of_val_raw<T: ?Sized>(val: *const T) -> usize {
     unsafe { intrinsics::size_of_val(val) }
 }
 
-/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of a type.
+/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of a type in bytes.
 ///
 /// Every reference to a value of the type `T` must be a multiple of this number.
 ///
@@ -407,7 +407,8 @@ pub fn min_align_of<T>() -> usize {
     intrinsics::min_align_of::<T>()
 }
 
-/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of the type of the value that `val` points to.
+/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of the type of the value that `val` points to in
+/// bytes.
 ///
 /// Every reference to a value of the type `T` must be a multiple of this number.
 ///
@@ -430,7 +431,7 @@ pub fn min_align_of_val<T: ?Sized>(val: &T) -> usize {
     unsafe { intrinsics::min_align_of_val(val) }
 }
 
-/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of a type.
+/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of a type in bytes.
 ///
 /// Every reference to a value of the type `T` must be a multiple of this number.
 ///
@@ -454,7 +455,8 @@ pub const fn align_of<T>() -> usize {
     intrinsics::min_align_of::<T>()
 }
 
-/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of the type of the value that `val` points to.
+/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of the type of the value that `val` points to in
+/// bytes.
 ///
 /// Every reference to a value of the type `T` must be a multiple of this number.
 ///
@@ -477,7 +479,8 @@ pub const fn align_of_val<T: ?Sized>(val: &T) -> usize {
     unsafe { intrinsics::min_align_of_val(val) }
 }
 
-/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of the type of the value that `val` points to.
+/// Returns the [ABI]-required minimum alignment of the type of the value that `val` points to in
+/// bytes.
 ///
 /// Every reference to a value of the type `T` must be a multiple of this number.
 ///
diff --git a/library/core/src/ptr/mod.rs b/library/core/src/ptr/mod.rs
index 42e55ce10462c..b93c2ea961565 100644
--- a/library/core/src/ptr/mod.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/ptr/mod.rs
@@ -640,8 +640,9 @@ pub const fn slice_from_raw_parts_mut<T>(data: *mut T, len: usize) -> *mut [T] {
 ///
 /// let mut array = [0, 1, 2, 3];
 ///
-/// let x = array[0..].as_mut_ptr() as *mut [u32; 2]; // this is `array[0..2]`
-/// let y = array[2..].as_mut_ptr() as *mut [u32; 2]; // this is `array[2..4]`
+/// let (x, y) = array.split_at_mut(2);
+/// let x = x.as_mut_ptr().cast::<[u32; 2]>(); // this is `array[0..2]`
+/// let y = y.as_mut_ptr().cast::<[u32; 2]>(); // this is `array[2..4]`
 ///
 /// unsafe {
 ///     ptr::swap(x, y);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs
index 0cfe12abcd14a..ac07547de703b 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs
@@ -1002,7 +1002,12 @@ fn attributes(it: &clean::Item) -> Vec<String> {
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|attr| {
             if ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES.contains(&attr.name_or_empty()) {
-                Some(pprust::attribute_to_string(attr).replace('\n', "").replace("  ", " "))
+                Some(
+                    pprust::attribute_to_string(attr)
+                        .replace("\\\n", "")
+                        .replace('\n', "")
+                        .replace("  ", " "),
+                )
             } else {
                 None
             }
diff --git a/src/test/rustdoc/attribute-rendering.rs b/src/test/rustdoc/attribute-rendering.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6777871846e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/rustdoc/attribute-rendering.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#![crate_name = "foo"]
+
+// @has 'foo/fn.f.html'
+// @has - //*[@'class="docblock item-decl"]' '#[export_name = "f"] pub fn f()'
+#[export_name = "\
+f"]
+pub fn f() {}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.rs b/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.rs
index 9c6e810dfce6d..2a57afa1a6a6e 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.rs
+++ b/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.rs
@@ -196,3 +196,22 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn inline_never() {
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn inline_all() {
     asm!("", options(noreturn));
 }
+
+#[naked]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn allow_compile_error(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    compile_error!("this is a user specified error")
+    //~^ ERROR this is a user specified error
+}
+
+#[naked]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn allow_compile_error_and_asm(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    compile_error!("this is a user specified error");
+    //~^ ERROR this is a user specified error
+    asm!("", options(noreturn))
+}
+
+#[naked]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn invalid_asm_syntax(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    asm!(invalid_syntax)
+    //~^ ERROR asm template must be a string literal
+}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.stderr b/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.stderr
index 35dc9cca33b5a..8a610b25f0039 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/asm/naked-functions.stderr
@@ -4,6 +4,24 @@ error: asm with the `pure` option must have at least one output
 LL |     asm!("", options(readonly, nostack), options(pure));
    |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
+error: this is a user specified error
+  --> $DIR/naked-functions.rs:202:5
+   |
+LL |     compile_error!("this is a user specified error")
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: this is a user specified error
+  --> $DIR/naked-functions.rs:208:5
+   |
+LL |     compile_error!("this is a user specified error");
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: asm template must be a string literal
+  --> $DIR/naked-functions.rs:215:10
+   |
+LL |     asm!(invalid_syntax)
+   |          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
 error: patterns not allowed in naked function parameters
   --> $DIR/naked-functions.rs:20:5
    |
@@ -280,6 +298,6 @@ error: naked functions cannot be inlined
 LL | #[inline(never)]
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: aborting due to 30 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted
+error: aborting due to 33 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0787`.