diff --git a/prepare.py b/prepare.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..dc40da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/prepare.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +import json +import glob +import os +import shutil +import subprocess + +shutil.rmtree("target/sqlx", ignore_errors=True) + +os.environ["SQLX_OFFLINE"] = "false" +subprocess.run(["cargo", "clean"]) +subprocess.run(["cargo", "check", "--workspace"]) + +data = [json.load(open(path, "r")) for path in glob.glob("target/sqlx/*/query-*.json")] +merged = { "db": "PostgreSQL", **{ v["hash"]: v for v in data } } + +json.dump(merged, open("sqlx-data.json", "w"), indent=4) diff --git a/sqlx-data.json b/sqlx-data.json index 576445d..e0c80b9 100644 --- a/sqlx-data.json +++ b/sqlx-data.json @@ -1,410 +1,423 @@ { - "db": "PostgreSQL", - "129bedb64e7930b6cddf8699c7d2d3b9c2e79a9844f12e1aac924e7fb904f674": { - "describe": { - "columns": [ - { - "name": "id!", - "ordinal": 0, - "type_info": "Int4" - }, - { - "name": "catalog_number!", - "ordinal": 1, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "subject_code!", - "ordinal": 2, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "external_id!", - "ordinal": 3, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "academic_level!", - "ordinal": 4, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "title!", - "ordinal": 5, - "type_info": "Text" - }, - { - "name": "description!", - "ordinal": 6, - "type_info": "Text" - }, - { - "name": "required_prerequisites!: _", - "ordinal": 7, - "type_info": "TextArray" - }, - { - "name": "optional_prerequisites!: _", - "ordinal": 8, - "type_info": "TextArray" - } - ], - "nullable": [ - true, - true, - true, - true, - true, - true, - true, - true, - true - ], - "parameters": { - "Left": [ - "Text" - ] - } + "db": "PostgreSQL", + "c38c671e31c40105272cf725698f47c610c3c619ce2e14d0e0d2bd0e3a624029": { + "query": "INSERT INTO class_schedule (class_section, class_number, component, start_time, end_time, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday, sunday, instructor_name, location, course_offering_id, max_enrollment, current_enrollment)\nVALUES\n\t(3, 2269, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(5, 2730, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(105, 2731, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(4, 2296, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2267, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 56),\n\t(2, 2268, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 59),\n\t(101, 2377, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1101', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(102, 2378, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 1, 75, 58),\n\t(103, 2379, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1104', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(104, 2380, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1106', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2304, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Malik Datardina', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 47),\n\t(3, 2439, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cody Buchenauer', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 32),\n\t(13, 5437, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 2, 50, 51),\n\t(8, 2744, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Presslee', 'HH 1108', 2, 50, 58),\n\t(7, 2476, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(14, 5494, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(5, 2462, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Lin', 'HH 2107', 2, 50, 31),\n\t(2, 2410, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(6, 2475, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '18:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Julia Lipiec Klann, Dimitri Sarabalos', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 17),\n\t(9, 5353, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 41),\n\t(10, 5354, 'LEC', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(11, 5355, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Dan Rogozynski', 'EV3 4408', 2, 30, 35),\n\t(12, 5356, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Lin', 'HH 2107', 2, 50, 26),\n\t(102, 5358, 'TUT', '21:00:00', '21:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 41),\n\t(103, 5359, 'TUT', '18:30:00', '19:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(101, 5357, 'TUT', '18:00:00', '18:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(4, 4878, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Dan Rogozynski', 'EV3 4408', 2, 30, 38),\n\t(4, 4514, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 3, 1, 0),\n\t(2, 4511, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Doxey', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(3, 4512, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Moira Glerum', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(5, 4518, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 3, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 4495, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brian Dixon', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4494, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Moira Glerum', '', 4, 1, 1),\n\t(3, 4513, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Paul Craig', '', 4, 1, 1),\n\t(4, 4519, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 4, 1, 0),\n\t(5, 4524, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 4, 1, 0),\n\t(2, 4510, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Heidi Swanson', '', 4, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5527, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Walaa Moursi', '', 5, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4250, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jonathan Leake', 'RCH 208', 6, 15, 3),\n\t(1, 5044, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kanstantsin Pashkovich', 'MC 6029', 7, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3337, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Milad Kamkar', 'E6 4022', 8, 40, 15),\n\t(1, 5512, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ali Elkamel', '', 9, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 5521, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tizazu Mekonnen', '', 10, 3, 1),\n\t(1, 4543, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 11, 25, 3),\n\t(1, 3587, 'LEC', '09:00:00', '11:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'E2 3356', 12, 30, 12),\n\t(1, 5250, 'LEC', '15:00:00', '17:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'E2 3356', 13, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 3046, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liping Fu', 'E2 3356', 14, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 5478, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Mather', 'DWE 2402', 15, 10, 6),\n\t(1, 5249, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'E2 3356', 16, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 5498, 'LEC', '09:00:00', '11:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Pejoohan Tavassoti-Kheiry, Hassan Baaj', 'E2 3356', 17, 15, 6),\n\t(2, 5529, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Amy Li', '', 18, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5510, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Bruce MacVicar', '', 18, 3, 3),\n\t(2, 4202, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2034', 19, 4, 0),\n\t(1, 3889, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2035', 19, 3, 0),\n\t(3, 5451, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2035', 19, 3, 0),\n\t(2, 4075, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 3),\n\t(101, 5268, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 20, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 3923, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 4062, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2034', 21, 5, 2),\n\t(2, 4086, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2017', 21, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 3890, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Rafael Oliveira', 'MC 4060', 22, 16, 5),\n\t(1, 3891, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 2054', 23, 12, 8),\n\t(2, 4060, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 4045', 23, 12, 5),\n\t(101, 4319, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 23, 36, 19),\n\t(3, 5399, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 2035', 23, 12, 6),\n\t(1, 3934, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Toshiya Hachisuka', 'MC 4063', 24, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 5347, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Oleg Michailovich', 'E7 4053', 25, 140, 40),\n\t(1, 3544, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Liang-Liang Xie', 'E7 4433', 26, 20, 4),\n\t(1, 3045, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Siva Sivoththaman', 'EIT 3151', 27, 40, 28),\n\t(1, 3072, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mehrdad Kazerani', 'E7 4433', 28, 40, 24),\n\t(1, 3392, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Bo Cui', 'QNC 2502', 29, 12, 7),\n\t(2, 5499, 'LAB', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Wilson', 'RAC 3003', 29, 5, 1),\n\t(1, 3547, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Omar Ramahi', 'E7 4433', 30, 10, 7),\n\t(1, 4499, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '16:20:00', true, true, true, true, true, false, false, 'Colby Steelman', 'EIT 1015', 31, 40, 23),\n\t(1, 5519, 'RDG', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Shaun Frape', 'EIT 2044', 32, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4884, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Horatiu Rus', '', 33, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2270, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 34, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 5025, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nicole Nolette', 'QNC 2501', 35, 6, 5),\n\t(1, 5475, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tara Collington', '', 36, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 3646, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michelle Rutty', '', 37, 2, 2),\n\t(10, 5578, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 1),\n\t(9, 5235, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 5227, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5228, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(3, 5229, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(4, 5230, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(5, 5231, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(6, 5232, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(7, 5233, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(8, 5234, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 5236, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5237, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(3, 5238, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(4, 5239, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(5, 5240, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(6, 5241, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(7, 5242, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 2148, 'PRA', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Shannon Majowicz', '', 40, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2133, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'ONLN - Online', 41, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2135, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(2, 5570, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Maciel, Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2137, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 43, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 3271, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Charles Kwan', 'DWE 3518', 44, 50, 20),\n\t(1, 4921, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kaan Inal', 'E5 3052', 45, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3390, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Norman Zhou', 'E5 3052', 46, 15, 12),\n\t(1, 3176, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Mather', 'DWE 2402', 47, 15, 8),\n\t(82, 3274, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Torvi', '', 48, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3273, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Amir Khajepour', 'RCH 209', 49, 20, 13),\n\t(81, 3395, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Minna Allarakhia', 'ONLN - Online', 50, 50, 17),\n\t(1, 3499, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Safa Erenay', 'CPH 4335', 51, 50, 8),\n\t(1, 4904, 'RDG', '10:00:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jatin Nathwani', 'CPH 4335', 52, 40, 12),\n\t(2, 4595, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Hunter', 'OPT 350', 53, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 4515, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ben Thompson', 'ONLN - Online', 53, 5, 2),\n\t(1, 4588, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ben Thompson', 'ONLN - Online', 54, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5577, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Hunter', 'OPT 350', 54, 5, 3),\n\t(1, 2458, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 55, 10, 2),\n\t(2, 5504, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Melanie Campbell', '', 56, 3, 2),\n\t(1, 5484, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kostadinka Bizheva', '', 56, 2, 2),\n\t(1, 4963, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ruxandra Moraru', 'QNC 1507', 57, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 5366, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sam Johnson', 'PAS 2084', 58, 15, 11),\n\t(1, 5245, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Richard Eibach', 'PAS 2085', 59, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 2131, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Heather Mair', '', 60, 10, 4),\n\t(1, 2146, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Troy Glover', 'ONLN - Online', 61, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5467, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Ellis', 'ECH 2113', 62, 2, 1),\n\t(1, 2451, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Daniel O''Connor', 'PAS 2085', 63, 15, 2),\n\t(1, 4166, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 64, 30, 6),\n\t(1, 4181, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 65, 5, 1),\n\t(1, 4189, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 66, 35, 10),\n\t(1, 4192, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 67, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 3914, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(101, 4322, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(1, 5540, 'RDG', '13:00:00', '13:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrea Scott', '', 69, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5541, 'LEC', '12:00:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Zelek', 'EC4 2017', 70, 3, 3),\n\t(81, 2283, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 71, 150, 142),\n\t(81, 2699, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 72, 50, 44),\n\t(107, 2745, 'SEM', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(108, 2746, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 48),\n\t(109, 2747, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(110, 2748, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2704, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 245),\n\t(2, 2705, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 237),\n\t(102, 2706, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(103, 2707, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(104, 2708, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(105, 2709, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(106, 2710, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(101, 2711, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 46),\n\t(201, 2773, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 73, 490, 482),\n\t(1, 2738, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(101, 2739, 'TUT', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(201, 5386, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(6, 5414, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1104', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(1, 2313, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 74),\n\t(2, 2314, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(3, 2315, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(4, 2316, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(5, 2416, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(101, 2317, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 75, 450, 449),\n\t(1, 5244, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Robert G. Ducharme', 'HH 124', 76, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 2482, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 43),\n\t(101, 2483, 'TST', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 77, 420, 346),\n\t(2, 2687, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 57),\n\t(3, 2688, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 58),\n\t(4, 2689, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 60),\n\t(5, 2690, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 53),\n\t(6, 2691, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 27),\n\t(7, 2692, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1101', 77, 60, 48),\n\t(3, 5472, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Geoffrey Jackson', 'HH 1108', 78, 50, 46),\n\t(2, 2452, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2366, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 49),\n\t(101, 2367, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 78, 150, 145),\n\t(1, 2740, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 49),\n\t(101, 2741, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 79, 120, 109),\n\t(2, 4995, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 60),\n\t(1, 2365, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Ecclestone', 'HH 280', 80, 50, 37),\n\t(1, 2368, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Dylan Corey', 'HH 1102', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(101, 2369, 'TST', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(1, 3959, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Brent Matheson', 'QNC 1502', 82, 120, 61),\n\t(101, 3944, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 101', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(2, 4244, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 92),\n\t(201, 4154, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(1, 3819, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 89),\n\t(1, 3823, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3903, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(201, 4188, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3942, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3825, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3826, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 4116, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 3997, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'PHY 150', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(1, 3936, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'MC 4060', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4158, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', '', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4144, 'TST', '17:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', '', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(1, 3830, 'LEC', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'OPT 347', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(101, 3951, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2054', 88, 100, 40),\n\t(81, 4245, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'ONLN - Online', 88, 75, 53),\n\t(102, 4002, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2017', 88, 100, 27),\n\t(1, 4550, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'STC 0010', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4655, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'MC 4059', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4323, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(201, 4324, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3842, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(101, 4325, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(201, 4326, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3820, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3831, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'PHY 150', 92, 60, 58),\n\t(101, 4217, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'PHY 150', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 3833, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'MC 4041', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 5397, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maria Liston', '', 94, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 2976, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jordan Schneider', 'ARC 1101', 95, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2977, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Scott Sorli, Di Tang, Lola Sheppard, Tracey Eve Winton, Monica Mo', 'ARC 3102', 96, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 3209, 'LEC', '14:00:00', '16:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Valerio Rynnimeri', 'ARC 1001', 97, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2978, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 98, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 3276, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 99, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 5186, 'STU', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Melissa Ng, Jaliya Fonseka, Michael Bootsma, Walter Bettio', 'ARC 3103', 100, 75, 77),\n\t(101, 4470, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 29),\n\t(102, 4472, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 23),\n\t(104, 5402, 'LAB', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 18),\n\t(1, 4509, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Simon Chuong', 'STC 0050', 101, 128, 102),\n\t(103, 4663, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4606, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'RCH 204', 102, 45, 45),\n\t(105, 4615, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(103, 4605, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 40),\n\t(1, 4483, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Laura Lemieux', 'STC 1012', 102, 225, 214),\n\t(101, 4484, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(102, 4485, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 41),\n\t(1, 4502, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jacqueline MacDonald', 'STC 0060', 103, 128, 116),\n\t(101, 4503, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(102, 4504, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 31),\n\t(103, 4505, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4506, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 21),\n\t(81, 4482, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sura Ali', 'ONLN - Online', 104, 300, 242),\n\t(1, 4544, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Mungo Marsden', 'STC 0050', 105, 140, 66),\n\t(105, 4661, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(106, 4662, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(1, 4477, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Matthew Joseph Hrycyshyn', 'B1 271', 106, 192, 181),\n\t(101, 4478, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(102, 4479, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 28),\n\t(103, 4480, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(104, 4481, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(81, 5248, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Messier', 'ONLN - Online', 107, 256, 214),\n\t(1, 5161, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marcel Pinheiro', '', 108, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 4497, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 109, 50, 7),\n\t(1, 4498, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 110, 50, 9),\n\t(1, 4035, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'QNC 2501', 111, 30, 26),\n\t(1, 3837, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Peter Nelson', 'MC 4059', 112, 75, 74),\n\t(3, 4311, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Vijay Bhattiprolu', 'MC 4061', 113, 120, 96),\n\t(101, 4312, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'STC 1012', 113, 360, 316),\n\t(81, 4239, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'ONLN - Online', 113, 130, 112),\n\t(1, 3840, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kanstantsin Pashkovich', 'MC 4020', 113, 120, 113),\n\t(2, 3841, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jorn van der Pol', 'MC 4059', 113, 120, 107),\n\t(1, 3838, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'MC 4045', 114, 90, 81),\n\t(1, 3839, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'QNC 1507', 115, 48, 17),\n\t(1, 5040, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Logan Crew', 'STC 0010', 116, 150, 83),\n\t(1, 3010, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3011, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 3012, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3013, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 2871, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(101, 2872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(1, 3210, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(101, 3211, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(1, 2912, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 308', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(101, 2913, 'LAB', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 33),\n\t(201, 2914, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 309', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(102, 3057, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3123, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(101, 3124, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(81, 4632, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jake Fisher', 'ONLN - Online', 123, 160, 134),\n\t(1, 4620, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 124, 100, 40),\n\t(101, 4555, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4540, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4465, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 126, 120, 110),\n\t(1, 4525, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'PHY 145', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(101, 4526, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'AL 211', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(1, 4516, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(101, 4646, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(3, 4556, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 28),\n\t(1, 4468, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 27),\n\t(2, 4469, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 24),\n\t(1, 4466, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5174, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5175, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'AL 113', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4541, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'DC 1351', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4523, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 38),\n\t(2, 4549, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 43),\n\t(101, 4647, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4467, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4596, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(101, 4597, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(1, 4462, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Fillion', 'RCH 110', 135, 120, 86),\n\t(1, 4463, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 44),\n\t(2, 4464, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 37),\n\t(81, 4637, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Leanne Racicot', 'ONLN - Online', 137, 250, 231),\n\t(1, 4461, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 138, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 4460, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 139, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 4546, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Corrigan', '', 140, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 4381, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cindy Zhuang', 'REN 2102', 141, 24, 12),\n\t(1, 4378, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Renjie Tang', 'REN 1918', 142, 26, 14),\n\t(1, 4889, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jie Yang', 'REN 1918', 143, 24, 13),\n\t(1, 2878, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2879, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2880, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2881, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2882, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Christopher Muirhead', 'STC 0040', 146, 130, 105),\n\t(201, 2883, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 44, 36),\n\t(202, 2884, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 43, 34),\n\t(203, 3190, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 43, 35),\n\t(101, 2945, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Christopher Muirhead', 'STC 0060', 146, 130, 105),\n\t(1, 3574, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Shunde Yin', 'DWE 3516', 147, 72, 72),\n\t(101, 3575, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Shunde Yin', 'DWE 3516', 147, 72, 72),\n\t(201, 3576, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 21),\n\t(202, 3577, 'LAB', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 26),\n\t(203, 3578, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 25),\n\t(1, 2923, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadine Ibrahim, Giovanni Cascante', 'STC 0040', 148, 125, 101),\n\t(101, 2947, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 148, 63, 51),\n\t(102, 2948, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 148, 62, 50),\n\t(1, 3552, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kunho Eugene Kim', 'CPH 1319', 149, 50, 24),\n\t(101, 3554, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Kunho Eugene Kim', 'CPH 1319', 149, 50, 24),\n\t(1, 2886, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'STC 0040', 150, 150, 94),\n\t(101, 2887, 'TUT', '12:00:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'STC 0040', 150, 150, 94),\n\t(1, 2888, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 150, 117),\n\t(101, 2889, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 75, 64),\n\t(102, 5266, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 75, 53),\n\t(1, 2998, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Gatlin Smeijers', 'DC 1350', 152, 125, 107),\n\t(1, 3338, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'STC 0040', 153, 150, 112),\n\t(101, 3339, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'STC 0050', 153, 150, 112),\n\t(1, 4913, 'FLD', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Trentin, Craig Hardiman', '', 154, 30, 8),\n\t(81, 4228, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Dave Tompkins, Barbara Daly', 'ONLN - Online', 155, 250, 188),\n\t(101, 3904, 'LAB', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 3005', 156, 60, 46),\n\t(1, 3905, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Barbara Daly', 'MC 4059', 156, 120, 101),\n\t(102, 4168, 'LAB', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 3005', 156, 60, 55),\n\t(102, 4179, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 157, 90, 88),\n\t(1, 4132, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'MC 4021', 157, 90, 87),\n\t(201, 4133, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 157, 180, 176),\n\t(101, 4151, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 157, 90, 88),\n\t(2, 5469, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'MC 4021', 157, 90, 89),\n\t(1, 3906, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cameron Morland', 'MC 4061', 158, 110, 87),\n\t(101, 3907, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Scott King', '', 158, 220, 187),\n\t(2, 4111, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cameron Morland', 'MC 4061', 158, 110, 100),\n\t(101, 4049, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0010', 159, 135, 132),\n\t(102, 4050, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 159, 65, 63),\n\t(103, 4051, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 159, 65, 64),\n\t(104, 4052, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4040', 159, 70, 67),\n\t(201, 3895, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Karen Anderson', '', 159, 405, 394),\n\t(1, 3843, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Schost', 'STC 0060', 159, 135, 132),\n\t(105, 4215, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4040', 159, 70, 68),\n\t(2, 3980, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Leili Rafiee Sevyeri', 'MC 2034', 159, 90, 87),\n\t(3, 4006, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Leili Rafiee Sevyeri', 'MC 4061', 159, 90, 85),\n\t(4, 4263, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Schost', 'MC 4061', 159, 90, 90),\n\t(4, 4267, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 2034', 160, 90, 90),\n\t(102, 3908, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 104),\n\t(201, 3909, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Gang Lu', '', 160, 360, 291),\n\t(2, 4007, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sylvie Lynne Davies', 'MC 4020', 160, 90, 51),\n\t(103, 4008, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 113),\n\t(1, 3857, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 2038', 160, 90, 74),\n\t(101, 3896, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 74),\n\t(3, 4134, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 4045', 160, 90, 76),\n\t(3, 4114, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Petrick', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 50),\n\t(105, 4115, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 40),\n\t(104, 4073, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 40),\n\t(101, 3897, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 41),\n\t(1, 3845, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Caroline Kierstead', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 51),\n\t(2, 3846, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Petrick', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 61),\n\t(102, 3910, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4042', 161, 60, 50),\n\t(103, 3911, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 48),\n\t(201, 3912, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 161, 360, 244),\n\t(4, 4272, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Brad Lushman', 'MC 2035', 161, 90, 82),\n\t(106, 4273, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 25),\n\t(101, 4327, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1085', 162, 135, 123),\n\t(102, 4328, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1085', 162, 135, 116),\n\t(1, 3847, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 76),\n\t(201, 3898, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 162, 270, 239),\n\t(2, 4036, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 81),\n\t(3, 4135, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 82),\n\t(1, 3848, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ahmed Ibrahim', 'MC 4021', 163, 120, 118),\n\t(2, 4009, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ahmed Ibrahim', 'MC 4021', 163, 120, 109),\n\t(1, 3849, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Aida Sheshbolouki', 'MC 2054', 164, 100, 96),\n\t(2, 4146, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Aida Sheshbolouki', 'MC 2017', 164, 100, 96),\n\t(101, 5221, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 165, 120, 116),\n\t(102, 5222, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 165, 120, 115),\n\t(1, 3850, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 2035', 165, 80, 79),\n\t(3, 5400, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 1056', 165, 80, 74),\n\t(2, 4010, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 2038', 165, 80, 78),\n\t(201, 4345, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sylvie Lynne Davies', '', 165, 240, 231),\n\t(1, 3858, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Collin Roberts', 'MC 4042', 166, 60, 25),\n\t(1, 3851, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Orchard', 'MC 4061', 167, 105, 102),\n\t(2, 4057, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Orchard', 'MC 4061', 167, 105, 103),\n\t(101, 5558, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 167, 210, 205),\n\t(1, 4038, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Erik Hintz', 'AL 113', 168, 190, 117),\n\t(101, 4039, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Erik Hintz', 'DC 1350', 168, 190, 117),\n\t(1, 5443, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Daniel Berry', 'MC 1056', 169, 25, 1),\n\t(2, 5444, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Daniel Berry', 'MC 2017', 169, 25, 3),\n\t(101, 5445, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1056', 169, 25, 1),\n\t(102, 5446, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 169, 25, 3),\n\t(201, 5447, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 169, 25, 1),\n\t(202, 5448, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, 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false, 'Jian Zhao', '', 178, 1, 1),\n\t(3, 5580, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sebastian Fischmeister', '', 178, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2277, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Stacey', 'ML 117', 179, 30, 24),\n\t(2, 2278, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'heather Hill', 'DWE 3517', 179, 30, 27),\n\t(3, 5084, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matt White', 'RCH 109', 179, 30, 29),\n\t(1, 2279, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kathleen O''Hara', 'ML 242', 180, 28, 26),\n\t(2, 2603, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Campbell', 'RCH 106', 180, 28, 28),\n\t(1, 5087, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Reddock', 'ML 117', 181, 26, 13),\n\t(2, 5088, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Nicholas Balaisis', 'ML 117', 181, 21, 20),\n\t(1, 5103, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sarah Robbins', 'ONLN - Online', 182, 42, 33),\n\t(81, 2535, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Margreet De Rooij', 'ONLN - Online', 183, 55, 47),\n\t(81, 2528, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Margreet De Rooij', 'ONLN - Online', 184, 10, 7),\n\t(1, 4922, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'XiaoYu Wu', 'E7 3343', 185, 123, 105),\n\t(101, 4923, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 3343', 185, 123, 105),\n\t(1, 3524, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Weihua Zhuang', 'E7 5353', 186, 120, 95),\n\t(101, 3525, 'TUT', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 186, 120, 95),\n\t(201, 3526, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 36),\n\t(202, 3527, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 29),\n\t(203, 3528, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 30),\n\t(2, 3529, 'LEC', '15:00:00', '16:20:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Weihua Zhuang', 'E7 5353', 186, 120, 91),\n\t(102, 3530, 'TUT', '15:00:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 186, 120, 91),\n\t(204, 3531, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 30),\n\t(205, 3532, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 30),\n\t(206, 3533, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 31),\n\t(1, 3158, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Heunis', 'E7 5353', 187, 120, 105),\n\t(2, 3159, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Heunis', 'E7 5353', 187, 120, 93),\n\t(101, 3160, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 187, 120, 105),\n\t(102, 3161, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 187, 120, 93),\n\t(201, 3162, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 40),\n\t(202, 3163, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 33),\n\t(203, 3164, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 32),\n\t(204, 3165, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 31),\n\t(205, 3166, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 30),\n\t(206, 3167, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 32),\n\t(1, 3363, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Liang-Liang Xie', 'E7 4433', 188, 20, 17),\n\t(101, 3364, 'TUT', '19:00:00', '19:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4433', 188, 20, 17),\n\t(1, 3149, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Nachiket Kapre', 'E7 5353', 189, 160, 157),\n\t(101, 3150, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 189, 160, 157),\n\t(202, 3152, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 31),\n\t(203, 3153, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 34),\n\t(204, 3154, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 31),\n\t(205, 3155, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 30),\n\t(206, 3156, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 31),\n\t(1, 2921, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Wojciech Golab', 'E7 4043', 190, 148, 122),\n\t(101, 2922, 'TUT', '19:00:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4053', 190, 148, 122),\n\t(1, 3111, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'E7 4043', 191, 148, 65),\n\t(101, 3112, 'TUT', '20:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4043', 191, 148, 65),\n\t(201, 3626, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maran Ran Ma', '', 191, 148, 65),\n\t(201, 2958, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Gannayya Bommali', 'CPH 1333', 192, 8, 6),\n\t(202, 3041, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Gannayya Bommali', 'CPH 1333', 192, 9, 6),\n\t(1, 2917, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mehrdad Kazerani', 'E7 4433', 192, 17, 12),\n\t(101, 2918, 'TUT', '20:00:00', '20:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4433', 192, 17, 12),\n\t(201, 3592, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', '', 193, 57, 22),\n\t(1, 3113, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Yash Pant', 'E7 4433', 193, 57, 22),\n\t(101, 3114, 'TUT', '21:00:00', '21:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4433', 193, 57, 22),\n\t(101, 3104, 'TUT', '21:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4433', 194, 57, 31),\n\t(1, 3073, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Brandon J. DeHart', 'E7 4433', 194, 57, 31),\n\t(201, 3593, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mike Cooper-Stachowsky', '', 194, 57, 31),\n\t(81, 4638, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Johnston', 'ONLN - Online', 195, 400, 360),\n\t(81, 5360, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Keith Delaney', 'ONLN - Online', 196, 250, 242),\n\t(1, 4455, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Maddy Rosamond', 'PHY 150', 197, 60, 49),\n\t(101, 4456, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maddy Rosamond', 'RCH 204', 197, 60, 49),\n\t(1, 4457, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Shaun Frape', 'QNC 1507', 198, 44, 31),\n\t(101, 4458, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jen Parks, Sophie Gagnon', 'EIT 1009', 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false, 'Houra Mahmoudzadeh', 'RCH 110', 327, 96, 95),\n\t(101, 2920, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 110', 327, 96, 95),\n\t(2, 3066, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Danielle Atara Ripsman', 'DWE 1501', 327, 120, 112),\n\t(102, 3067, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1501', 327, 120, 112),\n\t(1, 3560, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Peter Carr', 'RCH 103', 328, 120, 28),\n\t(1, 2950, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hassan Shavandi', 'MC 4045', 329, 104, 62),\n\t(101, 2951, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 329, 104, 62),\n\t(1, 4040, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Graeme Turner', 'RCH 306', 330, 50, 33),\n\t(101, 4041, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 306', 330, 50, 33),\n\t(101, 4072, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 306', 331, 50, 30),\n\t(1, 4067, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'RCH 306', 331, 50, 30),\n\t(107, 4042, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4042', 332, 65, 62),\n\t(108, 4143, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4058', 332, 65, 58),\n\t(1, 3859, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'RCH 309', 332, 80, 63),\n\t(2, 3860, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 305', 332, 80, 62),\n\t(3, 3861, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'RCH 103', 332, 120, 98),\n\t(101, 3862, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 1502', 332, 40, 33),\n\t(102, 3863, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(103, 3864, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 204', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(104, 3865, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 32),\n\t(105, 3866, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4042', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(4, 3937, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'STC 0060', 332, 130, 120),\n\t(106, 3938, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'DWE 3518', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(110, 4203, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3522A', 332, 47, 42),\n\t(5, 4194, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'CPH 3604', 332, 95, 88),\n\t(109, 4195, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3516', 332, 48, 46),\n\t(2, 3939, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 126),\n\t(103, 3940, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(104, 3941, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 42),\n\t(105, 4018, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(106, 4019, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 44),\n\t(1, 3867, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 119),\n\t(101, 3868, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 39),\n\t(102, 3869, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(81, 4229, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Burcu Tuncer Karabina', 'ONLN - Online', 334, 120, 88),\n\t(1, 3870, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Paul-Herman Balduf', 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 3884, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 5419, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(81, 4230, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'ONLN - Online', 336, 120, 108),\n\t(1, 5418, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(201, 5171, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 4231, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 337, 150, 136),\n\t(1, 3871, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'STC 0010', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(101, 3872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 3873, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 338, 120, 77),\n\t(2, 4000, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(102, 4001, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2017', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(201, 3956, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 339, 300, 131),\n\t(81, 4237, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 339, 120, 117),\n\t(1, 3874, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Esha Saha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(101, 3875, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(103, 4083, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2054', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(3, 4082, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'RCH 307', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(81, 4241, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Alison Cheeseman', 'ONLN - Online', 340, 120, 45),\n\t(81, 4242, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Kabbes', 'ONLN - Online', 341, 120, 109),\n\t(3, 4261, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matthew Kennedy', 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 34),\n\t(103, 4262, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 34),\n\t(2, 4012, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Brady Ali Medina', 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 17),\n\t(102, 4013, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2017', 341, 100, 17),\n\t(1, 3876, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matthew Kennedy', 'MC 2017', 341, 100, 37),\n\t(101, 3877, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 341, 100, 37),\n\t(201, 3899, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 341, 300, 88),\n\t(1, 3178, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Sean Speziale', 'E7 4437', 342, 60, 23),\n\t(101, 3179, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4437', 342, 60, 23),\n\t(101, 3913, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E6 2024', 343, 96, 58),\n\t(1, 3878, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'E6 2024', 343, 96, 58),\n\t(81, 4240, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Bauch', 'ONLN - Online', 344, 120, 41),\n\t(81, 4234, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer McKinnon', 'ONLN - Online', 345, 160, 141),\n\t(2, 3955, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Christine Eagles', 'MC 4061', 345, 120, 74),\n\t(3, 4341, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Nat Kendal-Freedman', 'QNC 1502', 345, 120, 72),\n\t(1, 3879, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ian Payne', 'MC 4020', 345, 120, 119),\n\t(101, 3885, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(201, 4101, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(81, 4128, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer McKinnon', 'ONLN - Online', 346, 160, 135),\n\t(101, 3886, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(201, 3900, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(2, 3902, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 79),\n\t(1, 3880, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 100),\n\t(3, 4342, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 70),\n\t(4, 4016, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Douglas Stebila', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(104, 4017, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(3, 3995, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Olya Mandelshtam', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(103, 3996, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(1, 3881, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Logan Crew', 'MC 1085', 347, 135, 126),\n\t(2, 3882, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ashwin Nayak', 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 125),\n\t(201, 3901, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 347, 540, 503),\n\t(101, 3887, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 126),\n\t(102, 3888, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 125),\n\t(1, 4033, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ruxandra Moraru', 'MC 4063', 348, 50, 53),\n\t(1, 4044, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Aissa Wade', 'RCH 205', 349, 40, 38),\n\t(101, 4124, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 349, 40, 38),\n\t(1, 3844, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sandra Emms', 'MC 4064', 350, 25, 8),\n\t(1, 2815, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'John Brownell', 'CGR 1208', 351, 100, 32),\n\t(1, 2819, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 352, 500, 29),\n\t(1, 2820, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 353, 500, 18),\n\t(1, 2816, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Simon Wood', 'UTD 105', 354, 230, 217),\n\t(1, 2821, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 355, 500, 16),\n\t(1, 2822, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 356, 500, 5),\n\t(1, 2832, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 357, 35, 13),\n\t(1, 2825, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 358, 35, 2),\n\t(1, 2817, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 359, 40, 20),\n\t(1, 2847, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 360, 40, 4),\n\t(1, 2823, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 361, 500, 3),\n\t(1, 2824, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 362, 500, 6),\n\t(1, 2826, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 363, 35, 1),\n\t(1, 2827, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 364, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2830, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 365, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 2818, 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Moscovitch', '', 437, 20, 4),\n\t(1, 2257, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jonathan Oakman', '', 438, 10, 1),\n\t(101, 2280, 'DIS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 439, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2249, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 439, 30, 14),\n\t(101, 2281, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2254, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2255, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 441, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2225, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alyssa Vanwyck', 'OPT 1129', 442, 120, 25),\n\t(1, 2224, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 443, 60, 28),\n\t(1, 2781, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 444, 60, 10),\n\t(81, 2190, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zara Rafferty', 'ONLN - Online', 445, 60, 35),\n\t(81, 2185, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Juliet Yeboah', 'ONLN - Online', 446, 350, 158)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;", + "describe": { + "columns": [], + "parameters": { + "Left": [] + }, + "nullable": [] + }, + "hash": "c38c671e31c40105272cf725698f47c610c3c619ce2e14d0e0d2bd0e3a624029" }, - "query": "SELECT\n id AS \"id!\",\n catalog_number AS \"catalog_number!\",\n subject_code AS \"subject_code!\",\n external_id AS \"external_id!\",\n academic_level AS \"academic_level!\",\n title AS \"title!\",\n description AS \"description!\",\n required_prerequisites AS \"required_prerequisites!: _\",\n 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'ACC', '000003', 'GRD', 'Public Accounting Practice', 'This course will enhance students¿ technical and communication skills that they have developed through the application and integration of their knowledge in various types of cases. Students will use these skills extensively in their careers as financial professionals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ACC', '000004', 'GRD', 'External Reporting with Integration', 'This course emphasizes financial reporting standards, in conjunction with assurance and tax, and their application through the use of scenarios and simulations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'ACC', '000011', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Venture Creation', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the processes involved in moving an idea for a new venture from concept through to launch. The theoretical knowledge and practical skills needed to create a successful entrepreneurial enterprise are developed. Topics include definition and evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities, business planning, funding strategies and early-stage revenue models, legal issues and intellectual property protection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'ACC', '000012', 'GRD', 'IT Assurance and Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques', 'This course will address audit considerations and other assurance services in computer-based information systems. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'ACC', '000013', 'GRD', 'Business Process Enablement and Project Management', 'This course will cover methods of improving business processes and managing related organizational change. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'ACC', '000020', 'GRD', 'Assurance and Governance', 'This course considers the role of risk in the context of assurance and the client''s risk management process and addresses the impact of risk on an assurance provider''s professional practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ACC', '000024', 'GRD', 'Tax Policy', 'This course examines the economic, political, legal and administrative aspects of selected contemporary issues in Canadian tax policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'ACC', '000028', 'GRD', 'Systems and Analysis for Management Decision-making', 'This course reviews and integrates theory, analytical approaches, and processes for those intending to pursue certification as a professional accountant. It provides insight into the problems facing management and executives using cases designed to expose students to real world situations requiring qualitative and quantitative analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'ACC', '000029', 'GRD', 'Understanding and Managing Organizational Change', 'This course is designed for individuals who are interested in a deeper understanding of the process of change from a senior management perspective.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'ACC', '000030', 'GRD', 'Topics in Accounting', 'One or more one-term courses will be offered at different times as announced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'ACC', '000040', 'GRD', 'Financial Accounting Research Seminar', 'Current research topics in financial accounting including applications of agency theory, capital markets theory and human information processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'ACC', '000041', 'GRD', 'Management Accounting Research Seminar', 'This course provides an in-depth look at the major research efforts that characterize contemporary management accounting and cost management systems. Particular emphasis is placed on field-based research techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'ACC', '000042', 'GRD', 'Auditing Research Seminar', 'A broad survey of current auditing research covering: the socio-economic role of auditing in society; the agency relationships between shareholders, managers and auditors; the factors influencing the quality of auditing, in particular, experimental research into key attributes of the audit judgment process, and technological innovations such as statistical sampling, regression, and expert systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ACC', '000043', 'GRD', 'Taxation Research Seminar', 'A survey of non-legal tax research in accounting. Tax research in related areas, especially economics, will also be reviewed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ACC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('970', 'ACTSC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'ACC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('971', 'ACTSC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'ACC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('972', 'ACTSC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ACC', '000047', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Accounting Research', 'ACC 781 provides an introduction to academic research in Accounting and Finance. It covers elements of scientific inference, experimental and quasi-experimental design, and various threats to valid inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ACC', '000049', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Accounting Research', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'ACTSC', '000078', 'GRD', 'Life Contingencies 3', 'Profit testing for traditional and non-traditional life insurance. Pricing and valuation of embedded options in life insurance products. Defined benefit and defined contribution pension plan design. Theory and practice of unit credit methods for pension plan funding and valuation for final average salary, career average earnings, and career average revalued earnings pension plans; post-retirement health benefits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('961', 'ACTSC', '000082', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods of Loss Reserving', 'Macro methods of runoff analysis: chain-ladder, least squares, separation, payment per claim incurred. Stochastic methods: Reid''s method, see-saw, payment per unit of risk, autoregressive models, Kalman filter.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('991', 'ACTSC', '000085', 'GRD', 'Topics in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('992', 'ACTSC', '000093', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'AMATH', '000116', 'GRD', 'Applied Functional Analysis', 'Basic concepts of functional analysis. Topics include: theory of linear operators, nonlinear operators and the Frechet derivative, fixed point theorems, approximate solution of operator equations, Hilbert space, spectral theory. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous undergraduate course in real analysis is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'AMATH', '000118', 'GRD', 'Advanced Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Qualitative theory of systems of ODEs. Topics include: existence/uniqueness of solutions, comparison principle, iterative techniques, stability and boundedness, Lyapunov method, periodic solutions, Floquet theory and Poincare maps, hyperbolicity, stable, unstable and center manifolds, structural stability and bifurcation. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in ordinary differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'AMATH', '000119', 'GRD', 'Advanced Partial Differential Equations', 'The main themes are well-posedness of problems, Hilbert space methods, variational principles and integral equation methods. Topics include: first-order nonlinear partial differential equations, quasilinear hyperbolic systems, potential theory, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, semi-groups, and power series solutions. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in partial differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'AMATH', '000132', 'GRD', 'Advanced Systems Analysis and Control', 'The main theme is the extension of control theory beyond systems modelled by linear ordinary differential equations. Topics include: advanced systems theory, control of nonlinear systems, control of partial differential equations and delay equations. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in control theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'AMATH', '000133', 'GRD', 'Hydrodynamic Stability and Turbulence', 'Mathematical methods, stability of parellel flows for unstratified and stratified fluids, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, centrifugal instability, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, the effects of viscosity and the Orr-Sommerfeld equation, transition to turbulence, averaged equations, closure problem, homogeneous isotropic turbulence, turbulent boundary layers, effects of stratification. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in fluid mechanics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('867', 'AMATH', '000134', 'GRD', 'Dispersive and Nonlinear Waves', 'Dispersive waves, propagation of dispersive waves in an inhomogeneous medium (WKB theory). Nonlinear resonant interactions. Solitons: completely integrable nonlinear wave equations (e.g., the KdV equation, nonlinear Schrodinger equations) and the inverse Scattering Transform. Applications to water waves and nonlinear optics. Introducation to weakly nonlocal solitary waves and beyond-all-orders asymptotics. Completion of an upper year course in partial differential equations is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('873', 'AMATH', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest¿order quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: AMATH 673 or PHYS 701 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'PHYS', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest¿order quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('877', 'AMATH', '000136', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Quantum Theory', 'Review mathematical formulation of operational quantum theory; theory of measurements and decoherence; quantum-classical contrast; review of historical perspectives on interpretation, including EPR paradox; Bell''s theorem, non-locality and contextuality; PBR theorem; selected topics including overviews of current interpretations of quantum mechanics and critical experiments in quantum foundations.', 'Prereq: AMATH 473/673/PHYS 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'BIOL', '000158', 'GRD', 'Fisheries Biology', 'The literature and methods of Fisheries Biology. Examination and discussion of selected topics of interest to the class. Emphasis will be primarily, but not exclusively on the ecology, habitats, and management issues related to temperature freshwater fish.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'BIOL', '000162', 'GRD', 'Environmental Animal Physiology', 'An advanced study of the physiological processes used by animals to respond to changes in environmental conditions. The study will focus on adaptation strategies used by animals to changes in temperature and other rate controlling environmental factors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'BIOL', '000163', 'GRD', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology provides opportunity for deeper study of new knowledge fronts and current issues in the field. Topics selection varies according to developments in the field and the interests of course participants, but is designed to provide broad coverage of the diversity of theoretical and methodological questions arising in modern aquatic ecology. The course is intended to be accessible to students with interests and background in ecology, environmental science, environmental engineering, or related fields.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'BIOL', '000165', 'GRD', 'Advanced Bacterial Genetics', 'Genetic aspects of the control of gene expression in bacteria and bacteriophages will be stressed. Recently published works will serve as the focal points for discussion. The specific content of any one set of topics to be analyzed in a particular term will be determined in consultation with the participants.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'BIOL', '000166', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Evolution and Diversity', 'A critical evaluation of selected research topics in evolution and the diversity of life and practical applications. Topics may include macroevolution, population genetics, evolution of behaviours, ecological evolution, phylogenetic reconstruction and/or phylogeny of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'BIOL', '000170', 'GRD', 'Applied Bioinformatics and Genomics', 'This course will cover current topics in bioinformatics and genomics, including genome assembly, annotation, sequence alignment, phylogentics, transcriptomics, and comparative genomics. Students will perform bioinformatics and computational analyses with an emphasis on topics relevant to their thesis work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'BIOL', '000173', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Environmental Toxicology', 'A critical evaluation of current research topics in environmental toxicology will be undertaken. Emphasis will be placed on the ecosystem approach to toxicology including cycling of toxicants, routes by which toxicants are removed from the environment and the impact of toxicants on species interaction within communities. Consideration will also be given to new methods for toxic hazard prediction and evaluation, as well as to biotic and abiotic factors that modify toxicant impact.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'BIOL', '000174', 'GRD', 'Advanced Microbial Physiology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in physiology of prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic microorganisms. Recently published research results will be the central points for the discussion. The topics might include but are not limited to microbiol growth behaviour under extreme conditions, microbial roles in the cycles of specific elements, processes of energy conservation, and properties and functions of key enzymes in microbial metabolic pathways.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'BIOL', '000178', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Plant Physiology', 'Discussions of selected topics not covered in other courses. These may include juvenility, dormancy, senescence, plant response to environmental stress, morphogenesis, photosynthesis and biochemistry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'BIOL', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'EARTH', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'BIOL', '000183', 'GRD', 'Topics in Applied and Industrial Microbiology', 'One or more topics will be addressed in detail through review of literature, including patents, and current practices in industrial microbiology. The topics might include but are not limited to Bacillus subtilis: a workhorse in industrial fermentations; production of microbiol lipids; Aspergillus fermentations. Each student will present a seminar on an assigned topic and the class will work as a group to prepare an up-to-date review of publication quality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('629', 'BIOL', '000185', 'GRD', 'Cell Growth and Differentiation', 'Discussion of literature relating to the cell cycle and cell differentiation. Topics may include: the cell cycle, DNA replication, mitosis, stem cells, cell proliferation and differentiation, cancer progression, epigenetics, chromatin remodeling, and extracellular matrix function. A strong undergraduate background in cell biology and molecular biology is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'BIOL', '000187', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods in Ecology', 'This course introduces statistical methods commonly used in ecology. Topics covered will include Experimental design, ANOVA, regression, general linear models, clustering, ordination, and some multivariate analyses of variance.', 'Antireq: GEOG 616/PLAN 616', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'BIOL', '000192', 'GRD', 'Advanced Immunology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in immunology. The areas to be covered will include cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, comparative immunology, and other topics of current interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'BIOL', '000197', 'GRD', 'Current Topics in Biotechnology', 'Recent developments in biotechnology, both applied and basic, will be emphasized. The course will cover such topics as the development of vectors for the stable transformation of plant cells, the isolation, characterization and manipulation of plant, animal and microbial genes, and the use of microorganisms to develop new products and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'BIOL', '000198', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology', 'Recent advances in selected topics of microbial ecology will be examined. Topics will be selected from soil, fresh water or other ecosystems with an important microbial component.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'BIOL', '000204', 'GRD', 'Bio-Molecular Tools', 'The ability to determine the three¿dimensional structure of a biomolecule and correlate that structure to molecular function is essential to understanding its role in Biology. In BIOL 650 we will explore the use of biophysical and structural approaches that can be used to establish the structure and function of protein-based biomolecules. The primary emphasis of the course will be upon establishing structure¿function relationships in enzymes. Upon completion of the course, students will have gained a practical understanding of the use and limitations of the tools of steady¿state enzyme kinetics and x¿ray crystallography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'BIOL', '000206', 'GRD', 'Animal Molecular Biology', 'Selected topics in molecular biology will be presented at an advanced level with the aim of evaluating recent contributions and developments. Basic concepts and organismic interrelationships will be emphasized. The topics will concentrate on mechanisms of replication, transcription and (or) translation. Specific themes for discussion will be arranged each time the course is presented.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'BIOL', '000207', 'GRD', 'Plant Molecular Biology', 'Critical discussion of current developments in plant biology. The course will cover such topics as the structure, organization, replication and expression of plant and algal genetic material. Emphasis will be placed on understanding basic molecular mechanisms and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'BIOL', '000209', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Animal Behaviour', 'This course will deal intensively with a subject area in the field of animal behaviour. The particular topic for a given term will be determined by the interests of the participating members of the class. Suggested topics include: mating systems in the animal kingdom; patterns of parental care; cost/benefit analyses of social living. Recommended: a basic knowledge of animal behaviour and a devoted interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'BIOL', '000210', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing graduate courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 680 course for credit. (Offered to Master''s students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'BIOL', '000224', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 681 course for credit. (Offered to PhD students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681A', 'BIOL', '000225', 'GRD', 'Plant Biogeography', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'CO', '000232', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal Laurent series. Multivariate ordinary generating functions and exponential generating functions. The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The Transfer Matrix method. Sieve methods, Inclusion/Exclusion, Möbius inversion. Pólya Enumeration, Enumeration of Trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'CO', '000233', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CO', '000239', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CO', '000245', 'GRD', 'Graph Theory', 'Colouring: Brooks'' Theorem and Vizing''s Theorem. Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Extremal graph theory; Ramsey''s theorem, Turan''s theorem, Mader''s theorem on graphs with no n-clique-minor. Probabilistic methods: Lower bounds for Ramsey numbers, graphs with large girth and chromatic number.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CO', '000246', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'Automorphisms. Cayley graphs and their properties. Arc and distance transitive graphs. Generalised polygons. homomorphisms and covers. Adjacency and incidence matrices. Eigenvectors of graphs. Quotients. Interlacing. Strongly regular graphs. Line graphs and graphs with least eigenvalue -2. Expanders. Shannon capacity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CO', '000247', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimalsolutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CO', '000248', 'GRD', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'CO', '000250', 'GRD', 'Convex Optimization and Analysis', 'An introduction to the modern theory of convex programming, its extensions and applications. Structure of convex sets, separation and support, subgradient calculus for convex functions, Fenchel conjugacy and duality, Lagrange multipliers. Ellipsoid method for convex optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CO', '000251', 'GRD', 'Quadratic Programming', 'A course on theory and solution algorithms for the minimization of a convex quadratic function subject to linear constraints. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, duality theory. Active set solution algorithms and their parametric extensions. Quadratic programmes as linear complementarity problems. Applications in portfolio optimization and structural analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CO', '000252', 'GRD', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point and active set strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'CO', '000253', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CO', '000269', 'GRD', 'Asymptotic Enumeration', 'Methods of obtaining asymptotic estimates for sums arising in enumeration. Application to Bell numbers, the distribution of balls into cells, and random graphs. Methods for obtaining asymptotic estimates for the coefficients of generating functions. Application to random planar graph problems and to unimodality problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'CO', '000273', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'CO', '000297', 'GRD', 'Directed Graphs and Applications', 'An introduction to the concepts of directed graphs, problems about directed circuits and directed cuts, and minimax equalities relating these and other graphical objects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'CO', '000298', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CO', '000304', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorial Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'CO', '000310', 'GRD', 'Topics in Matroid Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'CO', '000311', 'GRD', 'Topics in Discrete Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CO', '000317', 'GRD', 'Topics in Continuous Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('839', 'CO', '000332', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CHE', '000333', 'GRD', 'Theory and Application of Transport Phenomena', 'Mathematical analysis of momentum, heat and mass transport in systems of chemical engineering interest: development of the differential equations of change (continuity, motion and energy) for forced convection in isothermal, non-isothermal and multi-component systems; description of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and computation of momentum, energy and mass fluxes at surfaces under conditions of laminar flow; description of transport in turbulent flow by time-smoothing of the equations of change; turbulent velocity, temperature and concentration profiles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CHE', '000338', 'GRD', 'Chemical Reactor Analysis', 'Mixing effects (segregation and micromixing) on reactor performance analysis of reactor stability, 1- and 2- D models for packed bed reactors, heterogeneous non-catalytic reactions, heat and mass transfer effects in porous catalyst particles, reduction of data for catalytic reactions and scale-up concepts. Examples will be drawn from packed, fluidized bed and transport reactors, polymer reactors and 3-phase reactors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CHE', '000340', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CHE', '000341', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Polymer Processing Operations', 'Introduction to polymer processing concepts; fundamentals of polymer melt rheology; review of simple flows; characterization of mixtures and mixing; handling of particulate polymeric solids; polymer melting operations; modelling of polymer melt pressurization and pumping; overview of polymer extrusion principles; film extrusion operations; design of extrusion dies; polymer compounding and reactive extrusion; overview of molding operations; introduction to 3D printing techniques. Students are expected to have an understanding of concepts from polymer science, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and applied numerical methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'CHE', '000345', 'GRD', 'Principles of Biochemical Engineering', 'Aspects of mass-transfer, heat-transfer, fluid flow, cell growth, metabolic engineering and enzyme kinetics related to the design of biological processes and process equipment. Sterilization techniques, fermentation, bioreactor design and operation, including immobilized cell or enzyme systems and aspects of bioseparations engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'CHE', '000346', 'GRD', 'Advances in Biochemical Engineering', 'Design and control of bioprocesses with application to advanced or novel systems including enzymes, mixed cultures, genetically engineered cells, plant cells and animal cells. Exploration of new methods of producing materials, food, pharmaceuticals and providing services such as biological waste treatment.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHE', '000352', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various courses dealing with particle-fluid dynamics, non-Newtonian flows, flow through porous media, heat and mass transfer in two-phase systems, and the use of transient and frequency response to measure physical quantities.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHE', '000355', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of transport phenomena to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHE', '000360', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as advanced statistics, mathematical analysis, modelling, optimization and/or control of chemical processes.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'CHE', '000366', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of analysis of chemical processes to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHE', '000371', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Chemical Kinetics,Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics such as kinetics of chemical and biological systems, theories of catalysis, catalyst manufacture, residence time distribution, reactor flow models and reactor stability and optimization.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'CHE', '000376', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Chemical Kinetics, Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of advanced reactor engineering including topics such as chemical kinetics and catalysis to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHE', '000381', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', '', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHE', '000384', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of polymer science and engineering to suport independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHE', '000389', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Engineering & Materials Science', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as extractive metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering, corrosion, materials science and engineering and interfacial phenomena.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHE', '000392', 'GRD', 'Res Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Eng & Material Science', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the areas of electrochemical engineering, interfacial engineering and materials science to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHE', '000393', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biochemical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics in biochemical engineering, biotechnology, tissue engineering, food engineering, waste treatment technology and microbial engineering.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'CHE', '000404', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of environmental engineering and pollution control to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHEM', '000423', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include, for example, bioinorganic chemistry; inorganic reaction mechanisms; synthetic methods in inorganic and organometallic chemistry; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis; chemistry of polynuclear compounds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'CHEM', '000425', 'GRD', 'X-Ray Crystallography', 'Introduction: crystals, basic concepts; space groups; the reciprocal lattice; x-ray diffraction; the phase problem; structure factors; electron density; small molecule structure solution, structure refinement, structure results, journals and data bases, paper writing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'CHEM', '000426', 'GRD', 'Chemistry of Inorganic Solid State Materials', 'Introduction to solid state chemistry, common crystal structures, principles of solid state synthesis, theory and experimental methods for characterizing solids, including thermal analysis techniques, powder x-ray and neutron diffraction methods; special topics to include one or more of the optical, electronic, magnetic, or conductive properties of inorganic materials.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHEM', '000427', 'GRD', 'Structure & Bonding in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Free electron, Hueckel and extended Hueckel methods for molecules and clusters. Perturbation theory. Applications of group theory in inorganic chemistry; Jahn-Teller effects in molecular and solids. Energy bands in one, two and three dimensions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'CHEM', '000429', 'GRD', 'Advanced Transition Metal Chemistry', 'Magnetochemistry of transition metal compounds. Electronic spectra of complex ions including applications of molecular orbital and ligand field theories. Stabilization of unusual oxidation states and coordination numbers. Bonding, structure and reactivity of certain important classes of metal complexes, e.g. metal hydrides, metal-metal bonded species, biologically-significant model systems such as macrocycles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'CHEM', '000430', 'GRD', 'Advanced Organometallic Chemistry', 'Reactions, structure and bonding of organometallic compounds of transition and non-transition metals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHEM', '000431', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Analytical Chemistry', 'Special topics could include for example: trace analysis using modern instrumental and spectroscopic methods; advanced mass spectrometry (instrumentation and interpretation of spectra); analytical aspects of gas and liquid chromatography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('724', 'CHEM', '000435', 'GRD', 'Chemical Instrumentation', 'Instrumental components and optimum application; rudiments of design; electrical, spectral, migrational and other methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('726', 'CHEM', '000436', 'GRD', 'Topics in Analytical Spectroscopy', 'Atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy; methods of excitation and detection; quantitative applications. Molecular electronic spectroscopy: UV, visible and Raman; instrumental characteristics; applications to quantitative determinations, speciation, measurements of equilibrium, etc. Sources and control of errors and interferences. Determination and description of colour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('727', 'CHEM', '000437', 'GRD', 'Separations', 'Material to be covered will be drawn from the following topics: Diffusion; Isolation of organic material from the matrix; Chromatographic techniques - principles of chromatographic separations; Gas (GLC, GSC), Liquid (LLC, LSC, GPC, IEC), Supercritical Fluid (SFC) Chromatographies; GC-MS, GC-FTIR; Electrophoresis; Flow field fractionation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('728', 'CHEM', '000438', 'GRD', 'Electroanalytical Chemistry', 'A study of electroanalytical techniques and their role in modern analytical chemistry. The underlying principles will be developed. Techniques will include chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry, polarography, voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, coulometric titrations, flow techniques, electrochemical sensors and chemically modified electrodes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('729', 'CHEM', '000439', 'GRD', 'Surface Analysis', 'Modern surface analysis: description and importance of surfaces. Surface area determinations. High surface area solids, supports. Scanning electron microscopy: principles and applications. Auger electron spectroscopy. Applications in metallurgy and materials science. Depth profiling. ESCA: elemental compositions and studies of catalyst surfaces. SIMS. Infrared spectroscopy. Studies of supported metal and metal oxides. Acid surface sites and their role in catalysis. Scanning tunnelling microscopy; theory and applications. Single crystal surfaces. LEED. Studies of chemisorption.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHEM', '000440', 'GRD', 'Proteins and Nucleic Acids', 'Protein structure and function; intermolecular interactions and protein-protein association. Nucleic acid and DNA structure; protein-nucleic acid interactions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'CHEM', '000441', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Biochemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. For example, recent offerings have included: Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes; Heme Proteins; Chemistry of Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms; Peptides - Synthesis, Structure and Function; Food Enzymology; Advanced Microbial Physicology; NMR in Biological Systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'CHEM', '000445', 'GRD', 'Regulations in Biological Systems', 'Regulation of replication, transcription, translation, RNA processing, and protein degradation. Cell cycle and control of cell division.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'CHEM', '000446', 'GRD', 'Enzymes', 'Discussion of the underlying factors contributing to enzyme, abzyme and ribozyme catalysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'CHEM', '000447', 'GRD', 'Cell Membranes and Cell Surfaces', 'Structure, function and dynamics of membrane lipids and proteins. Membrane transport. Biogenesis and trafficking of membrane proteins. Signal transduction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHEM', '000449', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Theoretical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: theory of intermolecular forces; density matrices; configuration interaction; correlation energies of open and closed shell systems; kinetic theory and gas transport properties; theory of the chemical bond.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHEM', '000453', 'GRD', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Review of classical and quantum mechanics; principles of statistical mechanics; applications to systems of interacting molecules; imperfect gases, liquids, solids, surfaces and solutions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CHEM', '000454', 'GRD', 'Quantum Chemistry', 'Approximate solutions of the Schrodinger equation and calculations of atomic and molecular properties.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHEM', '000455', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: principles of magnetic resonance in biological systems; collisions, spectroscopy and intermolecular forces, surface chemistry; catalysis; electrolyte theory; non-electrolyte solution theory; thermodynamics of biological systems; thermodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHEM', '000459', 'GRD', 'Kinetics - Dynamics', 'Empirical analysis. Kinetic theory of gases. Potential energy surfaces. Unimolecular rates. Relaxation and steady state methods. Diffusion rates. Rates between polar molecules. Energy transfer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('756', 'CHEM', '000460', 'GRD', 'Spectroscopy', 'Aspects of electronic vibrational and rotational spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, and the solid state. Relevant aspects of quantum mechanics, Dirac notation, and angular momentum will be discussed. Group Theory will be presented and its implications for spectroscopy introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHEM', '000461', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Organic Chemistry', 'Two or three topics from a range including: bio-organic chemistry; environmental organic chemistry; free radicals; heterocyclic molecules; molecular rearrangements; organometallic chemistry; photochemistry; natural products.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CHEM', '000465', 'GRD', 'Synthetic Organic Reactions', 'Named organic reactions and other synthetically useful reactions will be discussed. The mechanism, stereochemical implications and use in organic synthesis of these rections will be presented. Examples from the organic literature will be used to illustrate these aspects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'CHEM', '000466', 'GRD', 'Strategies in Organic Synthesis', 'The synthesis of organic compounds is discussed and emphasis is placed on the design of synthetic routes. Examples drawn from the literature are used to illustrate this synthetic planning.', 'Prereq: CHEM 764.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CHEM', '000467', 'GRD', 'Organic Spectroscopy', 'Ultraviolet, infrared, resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, with emphasis on applications to studies of organic molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CHEM', '000468', 'GRD', 'Physical Organic Chemistry', 'Linear free energy relationships; substituent effects and reactive intermediates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CHEM', '000469', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CHEM', '000470', 'GRD', 'Physical Properties of Polymers', 'The physical properties of polymers are considered in depth from a molecular viewpoint. Rubber elasticity, mechanical properties, rheology and solution behaviour are quantitatively treated.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'CHEM', '000471', 'GRD', 'Polymerization and Polymer Reactions', 'The reactions leading to the production of polymers are considered with emphasis on emulsion and suspension polymerization and polymerization reaction engineering. Polymer degradation, stabilization and modification are also considered in depth.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'CHEM', '000472', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Polymer Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics of polymer chemistry related to the research interests of the faculty or prominent scientific visitors. Special topics could include, for example, polymer stabilization and degradation; mechanical properties; polymer principles in surface coatings; organic chemistry of synthetic high polymers; estimation of polymer properties; reactions of polymers; polymerization kinetics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('794', 'CHEM', '000481', 'GRD', 'Master''s Seminar', 'A public seminar and defence of a research proposal, to be given by all MSc students within two terms of entering this program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'CIVE', '000487', 'GRD', 'Engineering Risk and Reliability', 'This course gives a broad treatment of the subject of engineering decision, risk, and reliability. Emphasis is on (1) the modelling of engineering problems and evaluation of systems performance under conditions of uncertainty; (2) systematic development of design criteria, explicitly taking into account the significance of uncertainty; and (3) logical framework for risk assessment and risk-benefit tradeoffs in decision making. The necessary mathematical concepts are developed in the context of engineering problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CIVE', '000488', 'GRD', 'Prestressed Concrete', 'This course emphasizes the basic concepts in prestressed concrete analysis and design. Prestressing methods: pre-tensioning vs. post-tensioning. Serviceability and limit state design, prestress losses, flexural design of bonded and unbonded sections, fully prestressed vs. partially prestressed sections, design for shear, compression members, continuous prestressed concrete members.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'CIVE', '000489', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete', 'This course deals with the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, the analysis of such structures, and the background for the design standards. Topics include the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, shear in reinforced concrete members, members in bending and axial loading, and connections.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'CIVE', '000490', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Steel Design', 'This course deals with limit states design, torsional analysis of structural steel members; bolted and welded connections; stability and vibration; analysis and design of braced and unbraced steel frames, long span structures, and industrial steel buildings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CIVE', '000492', 'GRD', 'Elasticity', 'Analysis of strain and stress; stress-strain relations; equations of elasticity; plane strain, plane stress and generalized plane stress; torsion and flexure; three-dimensional problems; variational methods; dynamical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'CIVE', '000496', 'GRD', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Introduction to the mechanics of vibrations and Laplace transforms: dynamics of discretized systems; one degree of freedom systems; free and forced vibration; response to base excitation, stochastic excitation, impact. Lumped - mass multidegree systems: free and forced vibration of two degrees of freedom systems in response to harmonic and step functions, pulses, and general type. Matrix formulation for multiple degrees of freedom, natural frequencies (matrix iteration, Stodola-Vianello, Rayleigh), Lagrange equations, modal analysis. Flexural vibrations of beams, plates and frames. Earthquake response of single and multistorey buildings and practical considerations of earthquake design.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CIVE', '000501', 'GRD', 'Urban Transportation Planning Models: Principles & Applications', 'Urban transportation planning models. land use transportation interaction, trip production and attraction, trip distribution, mode choice, tree building and capacitated and uncapacitated route assignment, aggregate and disaggregate model analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CIVE', '000502', 'GRD', 'Advances in Public Transportation Planning, Operations & Control', 'The focus of this course is on the use of quantitative techniques to analyse and solve problems arising in the planning, design, operation and management of urban public transportation systems. Topics include an introduction to public transportation modes, transit performance analysis, fleet sizing and route design; control of transit operations, and paratransit planning, scheduling and dispatching. The course also covers various transit modelling issues arising in the Advanced Public Transportation Systems that aim at maximising transit system efficiency and reliability using emerging technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), electronic fare payment, and automatic passenger counters and pre-trip/en-route passenger information systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CIVE', '000503', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management I', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of pavement design, construction and management systems. Structural behaviour of flexible and rigid pavements will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: testing of pavement materials including aggregates, asphalt, concrete and various other specialized pavement materials, pavement distresses such as fatigue, rutting and temperature related cracking and the key elements to pavement management systems and their operation. Theoretical principles are combined with practical examples of working systems that enable students to carry out various analyses of hypothetical and real life situations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'CIVE', '000504', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Traffic Flow Theory', 'This course examines the formulation, derivation, and application of theories associated with traffic flow on interrupted and uninterrupted road networks. Topics include traffic stream characteristics, human factors, car following models, safety, energy and emissions, and traffic flows at signalised and unsignalised intersections. Theoretical models will be tested using field data and simulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CIVE', '000506', 'GRD', 'Earth Structures Case Histories', 'Principles and elements of the design and analysis of earth dams and embankments. Field exploration; laboratory tests; design requirements; seepage control; methods of stability analysis for circular and non-circular slip surfaces; computer applications; stability coefficients. Introduction to dynamic (earthquake) analysis; soil liquefaction; tailings disposal systems. Stability of natural slopes and cuts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'CIVE', '000509', 'GRD', 'Numerical Methods in Geomechanics', 'Theoretical basis of numerical modeling in geomechanics; constitutive relationships and failure models for soils and rocks; numerical implementation of constitutive models in finite element and finite difference computer codes; engineering applications in areas of embankment and slope stability, mining, tunneling, soil and structure interaction. The course is structured to provide theorectical understanding and hands-on expericence with geotechnical analyses using FLAC3D computer code.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'CIVE', '000512', 'GRD', 'Physico-Chemical Processes of Water and Wastewater Treatment', 'Principles and design of physico-chemical processes for effecting water quality transformations in water. Process dynamics, reactions and reactors. Filtration, coagulation, flocculation adsorption and ion exchange. Membrane processes including reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and ultrafiltration. Principles of aeration and gas transfer, disinfection solid liquid separation and sludge handling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'CIVE', '000513', 'GRD', 'Aquatic Chemistry', 'The course content includes, but is not limited to: the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions, acid-base chemistry, solubility and complexation chemistry, redox reactions and essential elements of organic chemistry. The information is applied to water and wastewater treatment processes, and to natural aqueous environmental systems such as those that may be found in stream deposits and groundwater.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'CIVE', '000515', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods in Environmental Engineering', 'This course covers a variety of mathematical concepts and methods needed to develop deterministic models of water and environmental systems governed by ordinary and partial differential equations, including analytical and numerical solution of ODEs/PDEx using Laplace and Fourier transforms, Green''s functions, superposition, finite difference methods, finite element methods, complex variable theory, eigenmethods, vector calculus, separation of variables, Sturm-Liouville theorem and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'CIVE', '000518', 'GRD', 'Water Management', 'Multipurpose nature of water resouces planning and operational problems - cost and benefit variations in water resouces and conditions for project optimality. Optimization techniques - linear programming, dynamic programming, non-linear optimization - water management examples. Capacity expansion problems and long-term planning problems - short-term operation problems - operations decisions for power generation, flood control and irrigation releases as examples - multi-objective analysis models. Simulation of water resouce systems. Introduction to stochasti optimization of water resource systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'CIVE', '000519', 'GRD', 'Surface Water: Theory and Modelling', 'This course will introduce surface water modelling and the role it plays in environmental modelling. The emphasis will be on physical processes that are relevant to near surface partitioning of the energy and water budget; methods for basin representation, including options for sub-grid process; and introduction to data handling, including data acquisition, data sources, remote sensing imagery, digital terrain models, mapping methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'CIVE', '000520', 'GRD', 'Free Surface Hydraulics', 'Review of continuity, energy and momentum equations, resistance to flow in open channels. Gradually varied unsteady flow equations and kinematic wave approximation. Sediment transport equations and channel stability. Similitude of scale models, including distortion effects, laboratory techniques, and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'CIVE', '000527', 'GRD', 'Topics in Structural Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'CIVE', '000528', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'CIVE', '000529', 'GRD', 'Topics in Construction Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'CIVE', '000530', 'GRD', 'Cold Formed Steel Design', 'Covered in this course are the major topics relating to the behaviour and design of cold formed steel structural elements and members. More specifically, the following topics will be addressed from a theoretical and design point of view: local buckling of compression elements subjected to uniform stress and stress gradient; design of flexural members, compression members, beam-columns, composite steel deck slabs and connections; diaphragm design and lightweight steel framing. The governing Canadian CSA Standard S 136 will be used as a guide document.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'CIVE', '000531', 'GRD', 'Bridge Design', 'The course is based on the development of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Codes (Editions 1, 2 and 3), and the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, as well as experience with the Limit States Design versions of AASHTO Specifications. The course outline will generally follow these topics as these apply to short and intermediate span structures in North America: Bridge Geometry - types of bridges and various cross sections: Vehicle Loads including dynamic effects, temperature and wind: Earth Forces: Seismic Effects: Load Distribution - how are vehicle force effects transferred to the superstructure, for various cross sectional geometries: Design Criterion - limit states design: Fatigue in Connections: Foundation Design - pile and shallow foundations: Examples of Various Simple Span Designs: Concrete - Prestressed Concrete: Structural Steel: Repair and Rehabilitation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('707', 'CIVE', '000534', 'GRD', 'Advanced Building Science', 'This course deals with the science of heat and air flow, moisture storage and transport, and psychrometrics. Through the use of worked examples, these principles are applied to the analysis of typical building enclosure systems. Basic concepts are developed for the design of building details that are effective in the control of heat, air, vapour, rain, and that accommodate building movements. Various case studies of problems and solutions will be used.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CIVE', '000537', 'GRD', 'Advanced Project Management', 'This course presents advanced construction engineering and project management techniques that can be applied to improve cost, schedule, safety, and quality of projects. The course covers a variety of topics including: Critical Path Method; bidding strategy models; uncertainty and risk assessment; multiple-criteria decision analysis; planning of linear, repetitive, and distributed projects; project control and delay analysis; Enterprise Resource Planning; heavy construction equipment and methods; modelling and simulation; construction methods design; positioning and locating technologies; equipment automation and robotics; opportunity analysis and process of innovation; modularization and prefabrication; and construction human resource management.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'CIVE', '000538', 'GRD', 'Computer-Aided Project Organization and Management', 'This course deals with the application of computerized tools to develop decision-support systems to effectively manage time, money, and resources associated with construction projects. It covers: introduction to computer tools, review of the CPM method and project management software, optimization using Excel Solver, Expert Systems, Neural Networks, OOP programming, Genetic Algorithms, process modeling and simulation, multi-criteria decision-making, integrated project Management tools, networking, workgroup management, Internet, dealing with project uncertainty using Monte-Carlo simulation, various case studies and computer workshops.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CIVE', '000544', 'GRD', 'Infrastructure Management', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of infrastructure management for civil engineering. It will integrate design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and renovation with management procedures and systems. A framework for asset management including the importance of asset valuation, needs assessment, and performance indicators will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: sustainability concepts, decision support systems, database management, role of data in infrastructure management, monitoring and evaluation needs, failure analysis, quality management, economics and life cycle cost analysis and optimization. This course will combine theoretical principles with practical application. The course will include practical examples of engineering systems and will provide a basis for subsequent infrastructure management courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CIVE', '000549', 'GRD', 'Topics in Transportation Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CIVE', '000551', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management II', 'This course will focus on advanced pavement engineering. The course is primarily directed toward the management of existing road networks, with emphasis on pavements. Topics include priority programming of investments, in-service evaluation of structural capacity, serviceability of condition and safety, structural design, construction and maintenance management, and data systems. Example applications will be provided on various topic areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CIVE', '000558', 'GRD', 'Topics in Geotechnical Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'CIVE', '000560', 'GRD', 'Trenchless Technologies', 'Over the past ten years, a new group of construction methods, known as trenchless technologies, has gained widespread acceptance. Trenchless technologies include methods for installing and rehabilitating underground utility systems with minimal surface disruption and destruction that results from excavation. Underground utility systems include: water and wastewater distribution and collection systems; gas, petroleum and chemical pipelines; electrical and communications networks; access ways; and other small diameter tunnels used for a variety of applications. The objective of this course is to introduce trenchless technology methods and their importance in public works, pipeline construction, and rehabilitation. Students will be exposed to new topics and concepts through class lectures, specified readings, guest presentations, field trips, student seminars, and the completion of assignments. Topics to be covered include horizontal directional drilling, microtunneling, pipeline assessment, pipe bursting, and pipeline rehabilitation and renewal techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'CIVE', '000561', 'GRD', 'Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering', 'This course is designed to help students understand the fundamental principles and practical methods of geotechnical earthquake engineering. This course will present basic concepts of vibratory motion, dynamics, seismology, earthquakes, and strong ground motion, and introduces procedures of deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Basic concepts of wave propagation are used to develop procedures for ground response analysis and to provide insight into such important problems as local site effects, seismic slope stability, and seismic design of retaining structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CIVE', '000568', 'GRD', 'Topics in Environmental Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CIVE', '000569', 'GRD', 'Biological Wastewater Treatment: Theory and Practice', 'This course focuses on theory, modelling and application of microbiological processes that are being utilised in the treatment of wastewater. A review of relevant concepts in microbiology will be followed by core principles that are used to assess contaminant removal kinetics and to model bioreactor performance. These principles will be drawn upon in discussion of applications of biological wastewater treatment technologies. If time permits, advanced topics including nonsteady-state systems and complex multispecies interactions will be introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('774', 'CIVE', '000572', 'GRD', 'Advanced Numerical Methods for Environmental Applications', 'The analyses of natural and/or manmade environmental systems commonly lead to quantitative descriptions, or mathematical models, of the underlying chemical, biological and physical processes. Numerical models are used for complex situations that may involve spatial variability of material properties, non-uniform geometry, and transient boundary conditions. The objective of this course is to introduce you to theoretical and practical aspects associated with numerical methods for environmental applications. Topics include: review of field equations, conservation laws, and continua; classification of PDEs; types of boundary and initial conditions; finite difference method, error analysis and stability; equation solvers; weighted residual techniques; finite element method; introduction to the finite volume method; techniques for advective dominated flows; sensitivity methods; and the solution to coupled non-linear equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'CIVE', '000574', 'GRD', 'Soil & Groundwater Remediation', 'This course focuses on the various technologies available to remediate soil and groundwater. Proven, emerging, and innovative technologies are investigated for application to both porous media and fractured porous media subsurface systems. The underlying theory and relevant engineering design aspects for each technology are presented. Case studies are critically examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CIVE', '000577', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Drinking Water Treatment', 'This course is intended for graduate students in the field of Water Resources with a strong interest in drinking water treatment. Several key concepts introduced in CIV E 670 are elaborated upon. Advanced drinking water treatment process theory is investigated through formal lectures and student design projects/presentations. Key process components that are addressed include reactors/reactions, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, and disinfection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CS', '000599', 'GRD', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CS', '000601', 'GRD', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'CS', '000602', 'GRD', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development: Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'CS', '000603', 'GRD', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'CS', '000604', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'CS', '000605', 'GRD', 'Database Systems Implementation', 'The objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of building a relational database management system. The course focuses on the database engine core technology by studying topics such as storage management (data layout, disk-based data structures), indexing, query processing algorithms, query optimization, transactional concurrency control, logging and recovery. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All other require permission from the school.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CS', '000606', 'GRD', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency and resource utilization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CS', '000607', 'GRD', 'Real-Time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. .Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'CS', '000608', 'GRD', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'CS', '000609', 'GRD', 'Computer Networks', 'An introduction to network architectures and protocols, placing emphasis on protocols used in the Internet. Specific topics include application layer protocols, network programming, transport protocols, routing, multicast, data link layer issues, multimedia networking, network security, and network management.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'CS', '000610', 'GRD', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'CS', '000611', 'GRD', 'Computer Security and Privacy', 'Security and privacy issues in various aspects of computing. Specific topics include: comparing security and privacy, program security, writing secure programs, controls against program threats, operating system security, formal security models, network security, Internet application security and privacy, privacy-enhancing technologies, database security and privacy, inference data mining, security policies, physical security, economics of security, and legal and ethical issues. (Note: Knowledge of operating systems equivalent to that obtained from CS 350 is assumed.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'CS', '000612', 'GRD', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars-Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars-normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CS', '000613', 'GRD', 'Computational Complexity Theory', 'The classification of problems according to the computational resources required for their solution, with emphasis on properties of feasible computations rather than on specific algorithms. Topics include: time and space complexity, tractable and intractable problems, computation using randomness, parallel computation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CS', '000614', 'GRD', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Design of good algorithms and analysis of the resources they consume. Lower bounds on the resource requirements of algorithms to compute certain functions. Problems from the following areas are discussed in this light: sorting and order statistics, data structures, arithmetic computations, the NP-complete problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'CS', '000620', 'GRD', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modelling', 'The interaction of financial modes, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. (Heldwith CS 476).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('684', 'CS', '000623', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Introduction to image and vision understanding by computer. Camera-system geometry, image formation and lighting, and image acquisition. Basic visual processes for recognition of edges, regions, lines, and surfaces. Processing of stereo images, and motion in image sequences. Object recognition. Applications of computer vision systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'CS', '000624', 'GRD', 'Machine Learning: Statistical and Computational Foundations', 'Extracting meaningful patterns from random samples of large data sets. Statistical analysis of the resulting problems. Common algorithm paradigms for such tasks. Central concepts: VC-dimension, Margins of classifier, Sparsity and description length. Performance guarantees: Generalization bounds, data dependent error bounds and computational complexity of learning algorithms. Common paradigms: Neural networks, Kernel methods and Support Vector machines, Applications to Data Mining.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'CS', '000625', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Introduction to mathematical logic Mechanical theorem proving. Game playing. Natural language processing. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department. Department approval will be by Undergraduate Advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'CS', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CM', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'CS', '000627', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690A', 'CS', '000630', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a credit/no credit course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690B', 'CS', '000631', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a grade course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'CS', '000632', 'GRD', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CS', '000650', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Database Systems', 'Algorithms and architectures used in parallel database management systems, with a focus on relational systems. Topics include system architectures; parallel and distributed query processing; federated dtabase systems; distributed transactions; data replication.', 'Antirequisite: CS 748T, 748Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('744', 'CS', '000655', 'GRD', 'Advanced Compiler Design', 'Project-oriented course that covers optimizing compilers and the implementation of advanced programming language features. Topics include intermediate representations; data-flow, dependence, and alias analysis; optimizing transforms, register allocation, instruction scheduling; memory management, garbage collection, threads, concurrency; single and multiple inheritance, generics, templates, type inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CS', '000656', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture', 'A project-oriented course that covers the concepts in software architecture. Topics include basic concepts (components and connectors, rationale, views, architectural diagrams, team implictions, evolution, size considerations), theory underlying softeware architecture, extraction of architecture from implementation artifacts, architecture of web-based and enterprise systems, clustering of subsystems, visualization approaches to software architecture, comprehension and cognitive aspects of software architecture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'CS', '000710', 'GRD', 'Graph-Theoretic Algorithms', 'Further exposure to the design, analysis and application of algorithms for problems defined on graphs. Topics include planarity testing and embedding; classes of planar graphs and fast algorithms for them; trees and tree-like graphs (bounded pathwidth and treewidth); perfect graphs and intersection graphs.', 'Antireq: CS 760K', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CS', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('820', 'QIC', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('767', 'CS', '000712', 'GRD', 'Advanced Logic for Computer Science', 'The course provides extended background in mathematical logic and its applications to various branches of computer science. It covers some fundamental concepts such as soundness and completeness theorems, compactness, the expressive power of a logic and the computational complexity of its basic decision problems. These concepts are being demonstrated on first order logic and modal logics. Finally the course discusses examples of applications of these concepts and tools to formal reasoning about programs and about hardware, to data bases, and to knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'CS', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'AMATH', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CM', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CS', '000725', 'GRD', 'Splines and Their Use in Computer Graphics', 'Spline theory and recent developments in techniques for representing, manipulating and rendering curves and surfaces constructed from splines in a graphic environment. Applications of interest include computer-aided design, synthetic image generation and animation.', 'Antireq: CS 679', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('786', 'CS', '000726', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Inference and Machine Learning', 'Covers the fundamental principles of probabilistic inference and computational learning systems. Topics include Bayes decision and utility theory, Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; learning with complete data; Bayesian networks, Markov random fields and factor graphs; models; learning with incomplete data; computational learning and PAC learning theory.', 'Antireq: CS 786P', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'CS', '000743', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Fundamental problems in computational vision where efficient and robust algorithms can be applied. Topics include image formation; linear systems and Fourier theory; image registration; feature detection; fitting models to data; optical flow; structure from motion; steriopsis; object recognition; high-level vision.', 'Antireq: CS 698Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'CS', '000747', 'GRD', 'High-Performance Image Synthesis', 'Project-oriented course that covers high-performance image synthesis using techniques for both real-time interactive systems and offline physically-based rendering. Topics include numerical techniques; visual perception and light; mathematical models of rendering; global illumination algorithms; real-time rendering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('798', 'CS', '000753', 'GRD', 'Advanced Research Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECE', '000764', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'Fundamental optimization techniques. Modelling. Shortest path. Network flow. Matching. Set packing, covering partitioning. Branch and bound. Cutting Planes, Dynamic programming. Search Heuristics. (Students will gain valuable background in optimization techniques that are applicable to a wide range of engineering problems. They will also gain experience using a state of the art optimizer, in solving an optimization problem of their own choice using techniques discussed in the course).', 'Antireq: ECE 700 Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECE', '000765', 'GRD', 'Statistical Signal Processing', 'Optimum mininum mean-square error (MMSE) Wiener filtering. Parametric and non-parametric spectrum estimation. Eigenstructure-based frequency estimation. Statistical parameter estimation using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum a posteriori probability (MAP), minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and least squares (LS) methods. Adaptive signal processing using least-mean-squares (LMS) and recursive least-squares (RLS) approaches. Discrete-time Kalman filtering. Recommended background: ECE 316: Probability Theory/ECE 342: Signals and Systems/ECE413: Digital Signal Processing/ECE 604: Stochastic Processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECE', '000766', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Theory of random variables, vectors and processes. Conditional probabilities and expectations. Convergence of sequences of random variables. Markov chains in discrete and continuous time. Poisson processes. Basic renewal processes. Stationary random processes, correlation, and power spectra. Emphasis on problem solving using probabilistic approaches.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECE', '000767', 'GRD', 'Queueing Systems', 'Introduction to queueing theory, queueing models, performance measures, performance analysis and evaluations, Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, Little''s formula, Markov and semi-Markov processes, birth-death processes, single server and multiserver queues, single stage and tandem networks, open and closed networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'ECE', '000768', 'GRD', 'Broadband Communication Networks', 'This course is concerned with the fundamentals of broadband communication networks including network architecture, Switch fabrics, design methodology; traffic management, connection admission control (CAC), usage parameter control (UPC), flow and congestion control; capacity and buffer allocation, service scheduling, performance measures, performance modeling and queueing analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECE', '000769', 'GRD', 'Digital Communications', 'Representation of bandpass signals and systems, modulation and demodulation for the additive white Gaussian noise channel, optimal demodulation for signals with random phase, noncoherent detection for binary and M-ary orthogonal signals, hard and soft decision decoding for linear codes, concatenated codes, performance of coded modulation systems, characterization of fading multipath channels, diversity techniques, performance of coded systems on fading channels, direct sequence and frequency hopped spread spectrum systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'ECE', '000770', 'GRD', 'Information Theory', 'An introduction to information measures, entropy, mutual information and information divergence, noiseless codes and the noiseless coding theorem, channel capacity for discrete and continuous channels, randomly chosen code words, the noisy coding theorem, error rate exponents, computational cut-off rate and its application to digital communications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'ECE', '000771', 'GRD', 'Image Processing and Visual Communication', 'This course covers the fundamental concepts and methods, as well as state-of-the-art theories and technologies in the field of image processing and visual communications. Topics include fundamental digital image and video processing methods; image analysis and understanding; statistical image modeling and perception; and robustness, scalability and security issues in visual communications.', 'Antireq: ECE 710 - Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'ECE', '000772', 'GRD', 'Communications Over Fading Dispersive Channels', 'Overview of mobile communications, characterization and modeling of wireless fading dispersive channels, optimum receiver structure, transmission performance in fading channels, diversity and performance improvement, co-channel interference, spread spectrum and multiple access, capacity analysis in cellular environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'ECE', '000774', 'GRD', 'Data Compression with Applications to Speech and Image Coding', 'This course consists of three parts: Part 1 will be concerned with the definitions of entropies as information measures and the derivation of the rate distortion function of Gaussian sources, which will form the basis for performance comparison. Part 2 will discuss the derivations, design and performance of certain compression techniques, including dpcm/entropy coding, predictive coding, linear predictive coding (LPC), adaptive predictive coding (APC), vector quantization, and tree and trellis coding. Part 3 will consider applications of compression techniques to speech and image processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECE', '000777', 'GRD', 'Computer Organization', 'Organization of high performance digital computers, high speed arithmetic algorithms, control unit and data flow organization. Pipeline systems. Stack machines, associative processors, parallel processors. Performance evaluation.', 'Antireq: ECE 429, CS 450, CS 650', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ECE', '000780', 'GRD', 'Computer Network Security', 'Evolution of computer security. Types of security threats, hardware threats, software threats, physical threats, cryptanalysis. The theory of secure message passing. Methods of encryption, private networks, Data Encryption Standard, Public Key Cryptosystems. Secrecy and Privacy in a network environment, long haul networks, local area networks. Protocols for computer network security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECE', '000783', 'GRD', 'Microelectronic Processing Technology', 'Sources and purification of materials, crystal structure, diffusion, oxidation, ion implantation, alloying expitaxy, impurity profiling methods, metallisation, photo lithography. Technologies for VLSI.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'ECE', '000784', 'GRD', 'Photovoltaic Energy Conversion', 'Physical source of solar radiation; direct & diffuse radiations; review of electronic materials; semiconductor concepts; optical absorption; generation and recombination processes in semiconductors; operating principles of photovoltaic devices; homo- and hetero- junction devices; equivalent circuits; quantum efficiency; current-voltage characteristics; Efficiency limits in photovoltaic devices; short circuit current and open circuit voltage losses; temperature effect; material-imposed limits; theoretical and practical limits; Photovoltaic device design and fabrication; silicon-based devices; gallium arsenide devices; thin film devices; device simulation; fabrication technologies; Advanced photovoltaic concepts; nano-structure and organic PV devices; System-level photovoltaics; module structure and design; back-end electronics; stand-alone and grid-interactive systems; photovoltaic hybrid systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'ECE', '000785', 'GRD', 'Nanoelectronics', 'This course will cover the following topics; Basics of quantum mechanics; Quantum confinement; Boundary conditions; Schrodinger equation; Basic function; Density matrix; Energy bands; Subbands; Reciprocal lattice; Brillouin zone; Graphene and graphene nanoribbon; Transport in nanoelectronic devices.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'ECE', '000786', 'GRD', 'Organic Electronics', 'The course gives an overview of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. It begins with a review of electronic structure of single organic molecules as a guide to the electronic behaviour of organic aggregates.Various relevant material phenomena are reviewed; including topics from photophysics (absorption and emission of light, excited states, radiative and non-radiative transitions), intermolecular charge transport mechanisms (hopping, disorder), charge injection and transport models, and energy transfer processes. Their\napplications in light emitting devices, solar cells, thin film transistors, photodetector and imaging photoreceptors, etc. are discussed. Aspects related to device fabrication and patterning may also be addressed.', 'Antireq: NE 479-T1 and NE 472, ECE 730-T18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'ECE', '000787', 'GRD', 'Fabrication in the Nanoscale: Principles, Technology, & Applications', 'The research in nanoscale science and technology has seen a very fast growth in the past years. The cornerstone for this exciting growth is the ability to create nanoscale patterns, which is the object of the current course. The course will cover all major nano-lithography technologies capable of generating or duplicating sub-lOOnm patterns, including lithographies based on photons, charged beams, scanning probes, replication and self-assembly. Within each lithographic technique, the students will learn its working principle, related materials and instrument, process and limit. This course is complementary to ECE 631 (Microelectronic Processing Technology), but takes fabrication and associated theory into nanoscale.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 - Topic 24', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'ECE', '000788', 'GRD', 'Advanced Analog Integrated Circuits', 'Design of MOS and bipolar analog integrated circuits at the transistor level, with an emphasis on the design of single-stage and multi-stage op amps. Related topics include biasing, compensation and noise will be covered. In addition, higher level analog and mixed analog/digital subsystems will be discussed, time permitting. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('637', 'ECE', '000789', 'GRD', 'Digital Integrated Circuits', 'Design of CMOS digital integrated circuits at the transistor level. Related topics include MOSFET switch and 1-V models, logic gate design, transistor sizing, interconnect parasitics, gate delay, timing design, logical effort, static and dynamic logic families, arithmetic structures, latch and flip-flop elements, memory cells and arrays, and input/output circuitry. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'ECE', '000790', 'GRD', 'Computer Aided Circuit Analysis and Design', 'Formulation of equations for arbitrary circuits, active network analysis; sensitivity calculations in the frequency domain; simple integration methods for time domain solution; numerical laplace inversion for transient solution of linear lumped and distributed networks; solution of nonlinear circuits; detailed time domain solution of nonlinear networks; simulation of switched networks in time domain; introduction to switched capacitor networks; iterative simulation methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'ECE', '000792', 'GRD', 'Algorithms for Physical Design of Digital Integrated Circuits', 'An introduction to the problems and algorithms that arise during the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of digital circuits. Course emphasis is on the backend of the CAD flow such as algorithms for solving problems including: technology mapping, partitioning, floor-planning, clustering, placement, routing and physical synthesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ECE', '000794', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Software Engineering', 'Fundamentals of software requirement analysis, software development as an engineering activity, basic process models, software specifications, modularity, cohesion, coupling, encapsulation, information hiding, principles of object oriented design, software project management, quality assurance and control. Priniciples of Software Architecture: Fundamental software architecture styles, synchronous & as synchronous communication of software components. Languages for software design specification: UML (class diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state diagrams). Overview of verification and validation techniques. Maintenance, evolution and reengineering, configuration management. Software metrics, quality assurance, fundamental cost and effort prediction models. Trends in software engineering (e.g., model-driven development, agile approaches).', 'Pre/Co-req: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26, or instructor consent. Antireq: ECE 355, ECE 451, CS 445, CS 645, SE 463, ECE 452, CS 446, CS 646, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ECE', '000796', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Students are expected to have programming experience with reading and writing code for large projects.', 'Prereq/coreq: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26 or instructor consent. Antireq: CS 447, 647, ECE 453, SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ECE', '000797', 'GRD', 'HVDC and FACTS', 'Application of state-of-the-art high power electronics to power transmission and distribution systems. The emphasis will be on three important application areas - high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) and Custom Power devices. The course addresses FACTS controllers including: static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), interphase power flow controllers (IPFC) and unified spower flow controllers (UPFC). Custom power devices such as shunt DSTATCOM, series compensating DVR and unified power quality conditioners (UPQC) are also discussed. This course will concentrate on the operating principles, models, and control and performance of power electronic systems used in these applications. Background required - ECE 463 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 661', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ECE', '000798', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Analysis and Control', 'The definitions and concepts associated with short circuit, power flow and stability analysis are presented and discussed. Models, techniques and tools used for these types of studies are discussed with a practical perspective, and applied to the comprehensive analysis of a typical test system. Controls and protections for voltage, angle and frequency control and regulation, such as Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR), Power System Stabilizers (PSS) , Automatic Generation Control (AGC), under-voltage and under-frequency relays, are also studied and applied. [Note: Required background - ECE 467 or equivalent.}', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'ECE', '000799', 'GRD', 'Energy Processing', 'This course is intended to embrace power electronic aspects together with the broader issues of the systems of energy processing for emerging technologies. Within this framework, topics include performance, selection and optimization of power semiconductor devices including thyristors, GTOs, triacs, BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs and MCTs; classification, circuits and performance of converting circuits including rectifiers, inverters, choppers and cycloconverters; control and protection of conversion circuits; requirements and constraints of energy processing systems such as variable speed drives, high energy battery installations, transportation, solar and wind generators and industrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ECE', '000800', 'GRD', 'Power System Components and Modeling', 'The basic structure, functional characteristics and protection schemes of the main components that make up a power system are studied, in particular generators, transformers, transmission lines, cables, loads, HVDC and FACTS controllers. Models of these components for detailed electromagnetic transient analysis and phasor-based studies such as power flow and stability studies are discussed in detail, and various models are compared and validated through simulations performed with commercial software packages. Required Background - ECE 631 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 664', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'ECE', '000801', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Operation', 'The course deals in details of power system operation in the context of restructured electricity markets. Basics of power system operation - economic load dispatch, concept of marginal cost, Kuhn-Tucker''s conditions of optimum, unit commitments, hydro-thermal coordination, optimal power flow analysis and security constrained economic dispatch are introduced. On the topic of transmission open access, the course discusses transmission pricing paradigms and the role of distribution factors in pricing. Transmission operations cover congestion management methods and firm transmission rights. Ancillary services procurement and pricing and power system security are discussed. Background - ECE 467 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 760 Topic 4 and Topic 6', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'ECE', '000802', 'GRD', 'Sustainable Distributed Power Generation', 'This course covers topics related to sustainable and clean energy resources; distributed generation and utility interfacing. The following topics are covered: Wind power generators; construction; operation theory, modeling and analysis. Wind turbine interfacing techniques with the grid. Photovoltaic energy sources; construction, modeling, loading characteristics and interfacing requirements. Fuel cells; types, construction, modeling and characteristics, operation theory and interfacing requirement. Distributed generation concept; Barriers to DG interfacing; Reactive power control applications using the DG interfacing; Ancillary services supplied by DG. System protection requirements with DG.', 'Antireq: ECE 667', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'ECE', '000803', 'GRD', 'Distribution System Engineering', 'This course covers the following topics in distribution engineering: Load Characteristics and distribution system load forecasting; Distribution system planning; Distribution system automation; Design and application of distribution transformers; Design and optimal operation of sub-transmission lines and distribution systems; Distribution system voltage regulation; Reactive power control for distribution systems; Application of capacitors to distribution systems; Calculation of voltage drops in lateral distribution systems; Calculation of power losses in distribution systems; Introduction to distribution system protection. Background Required - basic knowledge of power system operation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ECE', '000804', 'GRD', 'Dielectric Materials', 'Selected topics from theory of solid insulation breakdown. Conduction process in insulating liquids. Hydro dynamic processes. Theories of breakdown due to gaseous inclusion, moisture inclusion and particle contamination. Kinetic theory of gases. Breakdown mechanism in uniform electric fields. Corona and breakdown in non-uniform electric fields. Compressed gas insulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'ECE', '000805', 'GRD', 'Microwave and RF Engineering', 'Fundamentals of microwave and RF circuit analysis, design and measurements; Generalized transmission line analysis; S-parameters; Coupler and filter design; Diode-detectors, and mixers; Low-noise and power amplifiers, oscillators; Computer aided design of RF circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECE', '000806', 'GRD', 'Optoelectronic Devices', 'Overview of optical properties of semiconductors and elements of plane wave propagation, theory and design of light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and detectors, optical spectra and transitions, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, carrier and optical confinements in heterostructures, quantum-well lasers, optoelectronic detectors, bandgap engineered graded structures, staircase type or superlattice structures for detectors, detailed quantum efficiency calculations and detector noise considerations, Introduction to monolithic integrated circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'ECE', '000809', 'GRD', 'Radiation & Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields', 'Mathematics of time varying electromagnetic fields, linear antennas self and mutual impedance, aperture antenna, wave diffraction theory, geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'ECE', '000810', 'GRD', 'Fourier Optics and Optical Signal Processing', 'Analysis of two-dimensional linear systems, Scalar diffraction theory, Fourier transforming properties of lenses, Frequency analysis of optical imaging systems, Spatial filtering and optical information processing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) - data processing, Wavefront-reconstruction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'ECE', '000811', 'GRD', 'Multivariable Control Systems', 'An introduction to control theory for linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems from both the state-space and input-output viewpoints. State-space theory: the concepts of controllability, observability, stabilizability, and detectability; the pole-assignment theorem; observers and dynamic compensation; LQR regulators. Input-output theory: the ring of polynomials and the field of rational functions; the algebra of polynomial and rational matrices; coprime factorization of transfer matrices; Youla parametrization, introduction to optimal control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'ECE', '000812', 'GRD', 'System Identification', 'Estimation theory, linear and nonlinear regression, numerical techniques for parameter estimation for static and dynamic models, the Kalman filter and extensions, stochastic approximation, empirical dynamic models - especially for linear sampled data systems with stochastic inputs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'ECE', '000814', 'GRD', 'Filtering and Control of Stochastic Linear Systems', 'This is a course on continuous-parameter state estimation and control for stochastic linear systems. It is based on a single unifying theme, namely that state estimation in linear systems is equivalent to projection onto a closed linear subspace generated by an observation process in a Hilbert space of random variables. This formulation of state estimation leads to the innovations theorem of Kailath, and this in turn has a number of corollaries of considerable practical importance, such as the Kalman-Bucy filtering formulae and the Rauch-Tung-Striebel prediction formulae which are much used for example in problems of inertial guidance and control in aerospace, in stochastic optimal control, and (more recently) in econometrics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'ECE', '000815', 'GRD', 'Nonlinear Systems', 'Equilibrium points, linearization; second order systems; contraction mapping principle; existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear differential equations; periodic solutions; Lyapunov stability; the Lure problem; introduction to input-output stability, introduction to nonlinear control techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'ECE', '000822', 'GRD', 'Wireless Communication Networks', 'This course is intended to introduce fundamental concepts and give an overview of recent developments in solid-state photonic devices, as well as their applications in quantum optics and information. These solid-state based photonic devices can be shaped at the nanoscale in order to control the light collection efficiency, integrated in control structures to manipulate their electronic properties, as well as photonic circuits to influence light at the single photon level. Applications include transferring quantum information over long distances for secure communication; generation and detection of non-classical states of light for use in metrology, imaging, and the quantum internet; and the manipulation and storage of quantum information ¿ the fundamental element in a quantum processor.', 'Prerequisite: ECE 316, 610, 604; Antirequisite: ECE 710 - Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'ECE', '000827', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Solid State Devices', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ECE', '000828', 'GRD', 'CCD Image Sensors', 'As the cost of computing decreases at a phenomenal rate, the use of large format CCD area image sensors increases. Applications of CCD image sensors include industrial such as web inspection, document scanning, manufacturing product inspection for quality and process control, manufacturing product sorting and many other industrial applications. Multimedia and computers increasingly use their CCD image sensors or active pixel CMOS type image sensors. This course will start with the basic theory of CCD image sensors and graduate to CMOS type solid state image sensors. It will concentrate on the state of the art of this field and will deal with the basic device theory, the circuit design and architectures. Photosensitivity, noise, modulation transfer function and other aspects of spatial resolution will be covered. Related Background: E&CE semiconductor and circuit undergraduate courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ECE', '000836', 'GRD', 'Low Power VLSI Circuits for Wireless Communication', 'This course covers the system level design of integrated circuits for wireless transceivers. Specific mixed analog/digital circuits such as: mixers, A/D and D/A converters (Nyquist rate and oversampled) for IF digitizing as well as switched capacitor filters for IF and baseband processing will be studied. Related Background: Basic knowledge of Analog Integrated Circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'ECE', '000839', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electronic Circuits', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'ECE', '000844', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture & Design', 'Advanced study of software design and architecture; representation of architecture/design; software design methods; patterns in software design; analysis, assessment, verification and quality control for software design; case studies, current research issues and challenges. Related Background: Basic exposure to programming using C or C++, previous graduate or undergraduate course in software specifications, or software engineering should be sufficient.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ECE', '000845', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Systems', 'Models for concurrent programming; data programming; data parallel models for SIMD and MIMD computers; explicit, semiautomatic, and automatic approaches; data parallel compilers; software engineering issues such as program and data partitioning; task mapping and scheduling, concurrent program design, testing and debugging of concurrent programs, performance tuning, etc. Related Background: Basic exposure to programmin using C or Fortran, previous graduate or undergraduate course in operating system or concurrent programming would be helpful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ECE', '000847', 'GRD', 'Methods and Principles of Safety-critical Embedded Software', 'The application of formal test methods based on the structural and behavioural properties of software systems at the unit integration, and system testing levels; for conventional and object-oriented implementations. Related Background: Prior knowledge of a programming language and a certain maturity in compilers, operating systems, abstract data structures, object-oriented and programming skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ECE', '000856', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Antenna and Microwave Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ECE', '000865', 'GRD', 'Adaptive Control', 'Adaptive control is an approach used to deal with the unavoidable problem of plant uncertainty. Rather than providing a fixed linear time-invariant controller, this approach yields a controller whoes parameters change with time. This controller typically consists of a linear time-invariant compensator together with a tuning mechanism which adjusts the controller gains; typical control objectives are stabilization and tracking.The bulk of the course will be centered on an identifier based approach. Here one chooses a model for the plant, whose parameters are unknown, and the plant parameters are recursively estimated; controller gains are computed assuming that the present estimate is corrent. We first study algorithms to carry out parameter estimation, we then look at various control laws, and finally these are combined to yield an adaptive controller. Related Background: knowledge of linear system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ECE', '000868', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Stochastic Calculus', 'Monotone and Dynkin class theorems, introduction to discrete and continuous parameter martingales, stochastic integrals, Ito formula, Girsanov transformation. Held with: STAT 902.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'EARTH', '000879', 'GRD', 'Principles of Palynology', 'The morphology, taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of marine and non-marine palynomorphs from Paleozoic to Recent time are examined. Palynomorph morphology and taxonomic principles and methods of pollen analysis, pollen dispersal, deposition and preservation are explored and related to the geological record and their use in environmental reconstructions. The role of pollen analysis in Quaternary paleoecology is presented.', 'Prereq: EARTH 236 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'EARTH', '000880', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Recent Sediments', 'The origin of recent clastic and non-clastic sediments, the study of composition, structures, relationships, and environments towards an interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. The origin and significance of sedimentary structures, environmental associations, sedimentological models, hydrodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'EARTH', '000881', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Ancient Sediments', 'Interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. Sedimentation and tectonics, basin evolution, continental margins. Ancient clastic and chemical suites, diagenetic indicators, evolution of sedimentary suites through time.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'EARTH', '000882', 'GRD', 'Carbonate Sedimentology', 'Weekly seminars will introduce current concepts in a variety of subject areas in the deposition and diagenesis of carbonate sediments. Laboratory exercises will involve study of Pleistocene and older carbonate rock suites from a selection of geologic settings. Several laboratories will be devoted to introduction of common analytical techniques such as cathodoluminescence and SEM.', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 433', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'EARTH', '000883', 'GRD', 'Metamorphic Tectonites', 'The study of textural and structural features of deformed metamorphic rocks. A synthesis of micro- and mega-scopic techniques directed at elucidating sequences of deformation and crystallization. Quantitative methods in the study of deformed rocks. Elements of style and symmetry in tectonites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'EARTH', '000884', 'GRD', 'Aqueous Geochemistry', 'a) Basic thermodynamics and activity-fugacity relationships. Chemical equilibria, ion association and complexing, oxidation-reduction reactions. Models for aqueous equilibria in high concentration solutions. b) Interaction of groundwater with porous media; mineral dissolution/precipitation reaction kinetics, ion exchange, surface ionization of oxides. c) Use of computer codes such as PHREEQE and GEOCHEM to simulate mass transfer in geochemical systems. Examining and modelling chemical evolution in groundwater flow systems.', 'Prereq: EARTH 421', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'EARTH', '000885', 'GRD', 'Environmental Isotope Hydrology and Geochemistry', 'This course explores the application of environmental isotopes (principally 2H, 13C, 15N, 18O,34S) as tracers of inorganic and organic processes and cycles in nature, with an emphasis on the use of isotope tracers in water and climate studies, including runoff generation analysis, isotope-mass balance studies, climatology and paleoclimatology, and in studies of biogeochemical cycling. Other topics are tailored to student interest and research focus across the broad spectrum of geological, hydrological and biological questions that can be addressed using isotope techniques. Note: Open to graduate students in physical and biological sciences, physical geography and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'EARTH', '000886', 'GRD', 'Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits', 'Application of light and heavy stable isotope systems as process tracers and exploration tools for a wide variety of low-temperature and high-temperature ore deposits. The use of stable isotopes for oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations and for reconstruction of local and global redox conditions during deposition of petroleum source rocks. Offered in alternate years.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'EARTH', '000888', 'GRD', 'Advanced Petrology', 'Advanced numerical techniques and theory in quantifying the behavior of rocks and fluids at high temperatures and pressues. Application of experimental and natural data to the study of tectonic, metamorphic and igneous processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'EARTH', '000889', 'GRD', 'Genesis of Metalliferous Ore Deposits', 'Selected topics will be studied in depth with emphasis on deposits associated with volcanic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'EARTH', '000890', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Soil and Rock Mechanics', 'Site investigation techniques for strength and deformation properties, load tests, bore hole tests, rock classification, monitoring methods and instrumentation, borehole geophysics for geomechanical properties, correlation to case histories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'EARTH', '000891', 'GRD', 'Geomechanics of In Situ Processes', 'Geomechanics of in situ methods of energy recovery for heavy oil and minerals. Thermoelasticity, hydraulic fracture geomechanics, multi-phase system compressibility, remote and direct monitoring methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'EARTH', '000892', 'GRD', 'Clay Mineralogy', 'Structure, classification, properties, and nomenclature of clay materials. Genesis and environmental and engineering significance of clay minerals. Identification of clay minerals by X-ray diffractometry and other techniques. Clay minerals in diagenesis and sedimentary basin analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'EARTH', '000893', 'GRD', 'Advanced Engineering Geology', 'Time dependent behaviour of rocks, Griffiths crack theory, failure criteria for rocks, in situ stresses and their origins, behaviour of discontinuous rock masses, introductions to analytic and numerical methods for rock mechanics. Case studies, term project.', 'Prereq: EARTH 437', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'EARTH', '000894', 'GRD', 'Quaternary Geology of North America', 'Selected topics in the North American Quaternary such as Great Lakes history, Canadian organic deposits and fossil record, glacial and non-glacial stratigraphy, and the history of the last continental ice-sheet.', 'Prereq: EARTH 440 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'EARTH', '000895', 'GRD', 'Advanced Quaternary Ecology', 'Discussion of current topics in Quaternary ecology at the advanced level. Emphasis will be on application and significance of Quaternary ecological techniques to paleoenvironmental reconstructions, climatic change, land-use history, anthropogenic disturbance, and environmental modelling.', 'Prereq: EARTH 441 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'EARTH', '000896', 'GRD', 'Geoliminology', 'An introduction to basic concepts on the morphology, geology, geochemistry, sediment-related processes, and paleoecology of lakes. The focus is on the lake/watershed system and processes of the water column and associated terrestrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'EARTH', '000897', 'GRD', 'Global Problems of Quaternary Geology', 'Selected topics with global perspective, such as the deep sea record, long terrestrial records, Quaternary time boundaries, dating methods, paleotemperature analyses, isostasy, and sea level changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'EARTH', '000898', 'GRD', 'Geology of the Great Lakes Region', 'Selected topics dealing with the stratigraphy, paleontology, tectonic development, and economic geology of the Great Lakes Basin. Approximately one third of the course will be devoted to each of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Quaternary geology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'EARTH', '000899', 'GRD', 'Physical Processes in Groundwater Systems', 'This course aims to deepen the student''s understanding of physical processes occurring in natural groundwater systems. Flow and transport processes and their interrelationships with the characteristics of the porous medium are studied and the governing equations developed. Topics covered include the fundamental concepts of physical hydrogeology, flow in the saturated and unsaturated zones, flownet analysis, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), contaminant transport in porous and fractured media, stochastic principles of transport in heterogeneous media, coupled nonlinear processes, and applications in groundwater contamination/remediation. Recommended: EARTH 456 (can be taken concurrently with EARTH 650).', 'Prereq: MATH 213A and EARTH 359 or 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'EARTH', '000900', 'GRD', 'Advanced Groundwater Modelling', 'This course covers advanced numerical modelling topics in groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the subsurface. Topics to be explored include two- and three-dimensional transport in groundwater systems, density/ heat-dependent flow/transport, flow in the vadose zone, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids, multiphase dissolution and mass transfer processes, transport of biodegrading or chemically interacting contaminants, transport in fractured systems, transport in the vapour phase. The focus is on the use of models to obtain insight into the complex coupled processes that control groundwater contamination and remediation problems. Students will work with their own as well as existing models.', 'Prereq: EARTH 456 or 650 and 656', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'EARTH', '000901', 'GRD', 'Contaminant Hydrogeology', 'Physical and chemical processes influencing contaminant behaviour in groundwater with emphasis on field approaches. Interpretation of process effects in the context of various causes of groundwater contamination such as those related to landfills, chemical spills, mining and agriculture. Field experiments and case studies. (EARTH 621 and EARTH 657 or equivalent are recommended).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'EARTH', '000902', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Research Management', 'Advanced topics in the design and analysis of aquifer tests, behaviour of aquifer-aquitard systems, aquifer exploration, groundwater resource evaluation in undeveloped areas, artificial recharge, induced recharge, conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater, effects of excessive groundwater withdrawals, role of analog and digital models in groundwater management.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'EARTH', '000903', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Modelling', 'This course is an enriched version of EARTH 456 for graduate students. It introduces the student to numerical modelling techniques in groundwater science, with an emphasis on a sound understanding of the fundamental principles as a basis for developing and using models in a research environment. Numerical techniques including finite difference, finite element, and particle tracking methods are studied and applied to the solution of problems in groundwater flow, aquifer mechanics, flownet generation, and advective-dispersive transport. Proper modelling approaches, error analysis, stability, discretization constraints, pitfalls, and model misuse are discussed. Students will be developing some of their own groundwater models, and will be obtaining hands-on experience with state-of-the-art interactive groundwater models in the PC laboratory. Prior experience with FORTRAN is essential. Recommended: MATH 111B or equivalent. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: CS 102 and EARTH 359 and EARTH 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'EARTH', '000904', 'GRD', 'Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface', 'Fundamental processes governing the fate of organic contaminants in soil and aquifer systems. Emphasis on partitioning between phases (dissolution, sorption and volatilization) with applications. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 459 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'EARTH', '000905', 'GRD', 'Flow and Transport in Fractured Rock', 'An introduction to the physical hydrogeology of fractured rock. Topics will include a review of the structural geology of fractured rocks, development and validity of the cubic law, groundwater flow and contaminant transport in discrete fractures and fracture networks, hydraulic testing methods and the hydrogeology of low-permeability environments. Recommended: Differential Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 459', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('659', 'EARTH', '000906', 'GRD', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'This course builds on the fundamental principles of aqueous chemistry and water-rock interactions with emphasis on groundwater environments. Topics include the evolution of natural groundwater chemistry, chemical aspects of contaminant hydrogeology such as hydrocarbons, radioactive wastes, acid mine drainage and industrial and municipal waste disposal. Geochemical models are introduced and applied by students in a course project. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 221 or, EARTH 231 and CIV E 375 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'EARTH', '000907', 'GRD', 'Analytical Methods in Mathematical Geology', 'A course intended to provide MSc and PhD students with a working knowledge of analytical techniques for solution of differential equations governing flow and mass transfer in hydrogeologic systems. Use of various transform methods such as Fourier and Laplace will be covered and applied to a variety of problems of hydrogeological interest. The course will consist of lectures, selected problem assignments and/or individual projects. Recommended: Second Year Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'EARTH', '000908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Applied Geophysics', 'A field-oriented course on current methodology in the general area of geotechnical or engineering geophysics as applied to environmental problems. Typical topics covered: well logging and time domain electromagnetic surveys for groundwater supply; magnetic and terrain conductivity surveys for waste materials; ground penetrating radar applications to stratigraphy and contamination; streaming potential surveys of dam leakage. Usually taught with EARTH 461.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'EARTH', '000909', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Hydrogeology', 'A course dealing with the theory and applications of field techniques in hydrology. Physical, chemical, and isotopic methods are included with applications to groundwater and surface water hydrology. The course will consist of lectures, field activities, projects and assignments. All will be conducted over a 3-week time period at the end of the Winter term in April. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 or 650 and consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'EARTH', '000911', 'GRD', 'Current Problems in Geology', 'Seminars will be held to cover major topics excluded from other available courses. Graduate students will be required to present for discussion short colloquia based on their reading of assigned topics. Participation in the discussions, as well as the actual presentation of papers, will be an integral part of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'EARTH', '000912', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for MSc Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'EARTH', '000918', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for PhD Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECON', '000925', 'GRD', 'Microeconomic Theory I', 'This course studies models of economic decision making. Topics include: choice under uncertainty, consumer and producer theory and game theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECON', '000926', 'GRD', 'Macroeconomic Theory I', 'The main purpose of this course is to provide students with the methodological tools that underlie dynamic equilibrium analysis of the macro-economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECON', '000928', 'GRD', 'Monetary Theory and Banking', 'This course for MA students examines the monetary and financial aspects of the macro-economy. Its main purpose is to prepare students to conduct analyses of problems and policies in monetary economics. Topics may include the link between monetary policy and output, the economic cost of aggregate fluctuations, the costs and benefits of price stability, the role of central banks and the banking system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECON', '000929', 'GRD', 'Computational Economics', 'Static and dynamic general equilibrium modelling; computation, calibration and simulation. Sensitivity analysis. Policy applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECON', '000930', 'GRD', 'Research Methodology', 'This course focuses on increasing students'' understanding of the roles of economic theory and empirical methods and on the development of skills in the critical analyses of economic research. Through reading a variety of research papers and attending seminars, students will gain exposure to different research methodologies used in economics. Students will learn how to synthesize and critique research on a particular topic by writing reviews of academic papers and/or research reports from government and non-governmental agencies, as well as by writing a paper such as literature survey on an assigned topic. Students will enhance their writing skills and will also gain practice in presenting a research paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECON', '000933', 'GRD', 'Econometrics I', 'Specification and estimation of the linear regression model. Departures from the Gauss-Markov assumptions include heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and errors in variables. Advanced topics include generalized least squares, and simultaneous equations/instrumental variables. They may also include nonlinear regression, and limited dependent variable models. Some or all of the problem sets involve working with the computer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECON', '000935', 'GRD', 'International Trade', 'This course presents classical and new international trade theories and discusses selected topics representative of recent empirical research. Theory, extensions, applications and empirical tests of models such a Ricardian, Hecksher-Ohlin, increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition, political economy, heterogeneous agents (Melitz) will be covered. Additional elective topics include trade and environment; economic geography; trade, aid and development; trade and conflict; trade and growth.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'ECON', '000938', 'GRD', 'Public Economics: Expenditure', 'This course studies the economic role of the public sector in a modern market economy. Topics include the efficient provision of public goods, externalities and public choice analysis of the growth in government spending. Time permitting, some issues in the public economics of taxation may be covered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ECON', '000939', 'GRD', 'Industrial Organization I', 'Study of the firm as a rational economic agent, how it makes decisions and implements strategies in markets that are imperfectly competitive, and the differences in industry equilibrium relative to perfect competition. The course covers market owe (oligopolies and monopolistically competitive models), the theory of the firm (organization and contracts), vertical restraints, differentiated products, price discrimination, advertising, barriers to entry, and strategic behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'ECON', '000941', 'GRD', 'Resource Economics', 'The economics of renewable and non-renewable resources in a Canadian context. Problems peculiar to the fisheries, forestry, mineral industries and oil and gas production and consumption are analyzed. Also considered are economic and constitutional issues arising from the uneven distribution of resource rents in Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECON', '000945', 'GRD', 'Financial Economics', 'Topics covered include: expected utility theory, no-arbitrage pricing, equilibrium-pricing models, derivative-security pricing, asymmetric information, capital structure theory and dividend policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'ECON', '000946', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Economics', 'One or more half-courses will be offered at different times as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('674', 'ECON', '000947', 'GRD', 'Capstone Research Project', 'In this course, students organize individually, or in teams of two or three, to write a report on a contemporary topic in economics that relates to their co-op work term experience. Teams are responsible for organizing regular meetings to coordinate work tasks, keeping a record of individual contributions to the project. The report should reflect the connection between academic studies and co-op work experience, demonstrating evidence of critical analysis, good organization, clarity, and conciseness. The report with be presented to the current cohort of MA students and members of the department''s graduate committee. The final grade will be assigned by the Graduate Advisor.\n\nThis course is restricted to students in enrolled in the MA in Economics and MA in Economics - Water - Co-operative programs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'ECON', '000957', 'GRD', 'Econometrics II', 'The course provides a rigorous treatment of more advanced topics in econometrics. They include system of equations, simultaneous equations, generalized method of moments, empirical likelihood, vector autoregression and dynamic models, time series models and methods, discrete dependent variables, and limited dependent variables.', 'Prereq: ECON 621', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'ENGL', '001021', 'GRD', 'Rhetorical Studies', 'A course in rhetorical theory and criticism for graduate-level students.', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('797', 'ENGL', '001200', 'GRD', 'Digital Media and Literature', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('799', 'ENGL', '001201', 'GRD', 'Media Theory and Critique', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ERS', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'PSCI', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GGOV', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'ERS', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'GEOG', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PLAN', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ERS', '001213', 'GRD', 'Research and Design Methods', 'This course will examine different ways of knowing and modes of research design relevant for interdisciplinary environmental research. Students will also be introduced to an array of quantitative and qualitative research methods in the natural and social sciences and will explore methods relevant to their research through class discussions and assignments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'FINE', '001237', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 1', 'A seminar course in which the various issues, motives and concerns of contemporary art will be presented and discussed. In addition to lectures on contemporary art, visiting artists and critics will speak on various aspects of the field, and participate in group discussions. Students will carry out research on individual topics and will make an extended presentation of their findings towards the end of the term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FINE', '001238', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 2', 'A continuation of FINE 680. The research begun in FINE 680 will be continued in greater depth and consolidated in a major written paper. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680.', 'Prereq: FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'FINE', '001239', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 1', 'This course will meet coterminously with FINE 680 . Students at this level will help to organize parts of the course and will serve as commentators and respondents for the critiques and presentations of the students in FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680, 681.', 'Prereq: FINE 680 and 681. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'FINE', '001240', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 2', 'This course is a continuation of FINE 682. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 682.', 'FINE 682. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'FINE', '001241', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 1', 'This course consists of directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration, as indicated in their original statement of intention. Appropriate studio space will be provided for all students enroled in this course, and regular critiques and discussions will be scheduled by the First Year Graduate Committee. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'FINE', '001242', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 2', 'A continuation of FINE 690 ; directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 690.', 'Prereq: FINE 690. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'FINE', '001243', 'GRD', 'Graduate Summer Studio', 'Students will carry out independent studio work under the supervision of Fine Arts faculty members. During half of the term, students may serve as interns in the studios of professional artists, under the terms of the Keith and Win Shantz Summer Internship Program. Work done during this course will be exhibited early in the Fall term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'FR', '001253', 'GRD', 'Language', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'FR', '001254', 'GRD', 'Linguistics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'FR', '001261', 'GRD', 'Research or Professional Practicum in French', 'This graduate practicum in French offers advanced experiential learning in an area related to the student¿s professional or research interest. A student wishing to pursue this possibility must submit to the Associate Chair, Graduate Studies, a proposal that outlines the plans for the practicum (e.g., the organizing unit, the on-site supervisor, the nature of the professional or research work, the relevance to the French graduate program) and the arrangements for evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'FR', '001278', 'GRD', '18th-Century Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'FR', '001301', 'GRD', 'French-Canadian Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FR', '001313', 'GRD', 'Critical Methods - Theory of Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'FR', '001326', 'GRD', 'Topics in North African Literature', 'In this course we will study literary texts of different genres and writers from the Maghreb region.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GEOG', '001344', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Spatial Data Handling', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis and overview of concepts and methodologies in\nseveral aspects of spatial data handling: cartography, geographic information systems, remote sensing,\nspatial statistics, including analysis of spatial data sets. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GEOG', '001345', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing of Cold Regions', 'This course focuses on the extraction of hydrologically-relevant parameters from remote sensing that are germane to cold regions such as snowfall, snow cover, glaciers & ice caps, lake and river ice, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground. The determination of hydrological parameters in the liquid and vapour phases such precipitiation, soild moisture, surface water, and evaporation/evapotranspiration from remote sensing, as well as the integration of remote sensing data into hydrological models are also covered. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: GEOG 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate Geography degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 602. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GEOG', '001346', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Science', 'This course will explore how remote sensing is used and in concert with empirical or physically-based models to help us better understand Earth system processes from the local to global scales. Students will learn how remote sensing measurements are coupled with radiative transfer models, energy and mass balance models and spatial analytical models from different components of the Earth system. Examples will be drawn from the hydrologic and carbon cycles from the human built enviornment. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: Geog 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 603. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'GEOG', '001347', 'GRD', 'Spatial Statistics', 'An overview of spatial statistics and their use in geographic studies. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 318', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'GEOG', '001348', 'GRD', 'Scientific Data Wrangling', 'This course covers the data science skills comprising data visualization, data wrangling (cleaning,\ncombining, modelling, etc.), and methodological and statistical design, which are an important part of\nthe scientific method. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'GEOG', '001349', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems', 'Introduces the fundamentals of GIS at a graduate level, including cartographic best practices, map projections and coordinate systems, georeferencing data, quantitative mapping, web mapping, and introductory spatial analysis, including clustering, network, and multicriteria analysis. Intended for students without significant experience in GIS. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 381, GEOG 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'GEOG', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'PLAN', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'GEOG', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'PLAN', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GEOG', '001364', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Human Geography', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis of the interdisciplinary scope of Human\nGeography by evaluating key concepts and theoretical approaches that have defined the evolution of\nthe sub-discipline in the contemporary period. Students will assess how their research interests will\ncontribute to ongoing conceptual developments in Human Geography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'GEOG', '001368', 'GRD', 'Human Activity and Travel Behaviour', 'An exploration of observed patterns of human activity and travel, underlying decision-making processes, data collection methodologies, and associated impacts on environment and health.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'GEOG', '001369', 'GRD', 'Qualitative Methods in Geography', 'This course is designed to investigate the range of qualitative research methods (research tools) employed by human geographers and explore the methodological justifications (philosophical or theoretical underpinnings) for using this type of research approach. Qualitative methods attempt to interpret meaning as opposed to purely measuring phenomena. The focus of qualitative research is not descriptive measurement and prediction of phenomena, as offered by statistical description/analysis, but is more attuned to examining subjective understandings and the interpretation of meaning (hermeneutics). This course will examine and evaluate the range of research tools comprising qualitative methods including: various interviewing methods, participant observation, ethnography, case study methods and dicourse analysis. It will also engage with the theoretical debates and philosophical approaches that underpin qualitative research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GEOG', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'INDEV', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GEOG', '001375', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Environmental Science', 'This seminar course examines basic concepts related to temporal and spatial scales together with\nvariability as they directly affect data collection and analysis. Leading-edge research related to\nEnvironmental Science will be critically discussed. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'GEOG', '001376', 'GRD', 'Micrometeorology', 'Advanced study of boundary-layer meteorology. Energy balance regimes for complex surfaces are examined. The theory of turbulent and radiant transfer is studied using field data collected during the course. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'GEOG', '001377', 'GRD', 'Dynamic Geomorphology', 'An overview of current issues and methodologies in geomorphology with special emphasis on processes operating in fluvial, glacial, periglacial or coastal environments. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'GEOG', '001378', 'GRD', 'Applied Geomorphology', 'An examination of the way in which human activities modify landscapes and the impacts of government policy and planning with respect to landscape change. The role of the geomorphologist in landscape rehabilitation. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'GEOG', '001379', 'GRD', 'Hydrology', 'Overview of hydrological processes with emphasis on Canadian examples related to the hydrologic cycle, surface hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and measurement techniques. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'GEOG', '001380', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Wetland Studies', 'Selected topics on the distribution, classification, functional dynamics, and ecosystem structure of wetlands. A scientific basis for wetlands management is emphasized. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'GEOG', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: GEOG 661A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'PLAN', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: PLAN 661A or consent of Instructor.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'GEOG', '001392', 'GRD', 'Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Sustainability', 'Readings, discussions and case study analysis draw attention to the intersection of political-economy and ecological analysis, and contested understandings of environmental change, livelihoods and sustainability. Topics may include communities and conservation, knowledge systems and power, ecological change, property rights and institutions, social movements, and methods. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'TOUR', '001400', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Perspectives on Tourism', 'This course will introduce participants to a variety of topics and research methods through presentations made by active researchers from Canada and abroad. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'GEOG', '001401', 'GRD', 'Human Ecology of Stressed Environments', 'An examination of socioeconomic-biophysical system interactions emphasizing multi- and transdisciplinary perspectives such as human ecology, health, ecosystems, and complexity. Students normally focus on one particular problem and region to illustrate concepts and methods. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'GEOG', '001402', 'GRD', 'International Perspectives on Resource and Environmental Management', 'An overview of issues, problems and concepts in international resource and environmental management. The complex nature of ecological/biophysical, economic, and sociocultural aspects of resource management will be explored, with particular emphasis placed on tracing challenges experienced in developing countries. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'GEOG', '001403', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Geography', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual basis with faculty members. An outline for this course, approved by the professor in charge, must be submitted to the Program Director, within three weeks of registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'GEOG', '001434', 'GRD', 'Geographic Thought and Methodology', 'An analysis of changing methods and philosophy of geographic research with emphasis on problem formulation and the design and evaluation of geographic research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('723', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'GER', '001496', 'GRD', 'Reading Courses in Approved Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'HIST', '001559', 'GRD', 'Canadian History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HIST', '001560', 'GRD', 'Canadian History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'HIST', '001561', 'GRD', 'Theory and Practice of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: Historical and Contemporary Issues', 'This seminar offers a comparative analysis of insurgency and counterinsurgency from the 19th century to the present. It examines resistance to foreign invaders in Europe, the century of rebellion in Mexico in 1810-1917, anti-colonial wars of national liberation, Marxist revolutionary movements in South-East Asia and Latin America, the upsurge of Islamic fundamentalism and urban guerrilla warfare. The course will focus on the sources of insurgencies, their nature and the support they drew from various social groups. In each case, the government''s response will also be investigated. We will analyse theories of guerrilla thinkers and pacification models and pay particular attention to the gap between intended and actual policies, and the plight of civilians caught in crossfire.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'HIST', '001568', 'GRD', 'Global Indigenous Rights', 'This course examines the historical and political contexts of Indigenous rights movements from around the world. It considers the histories of Indigenous-state relations and Indigenous assertions of rights and sovereignty through cultural, political, and legal means. We will discuss grassroots and global Indigenous rights movements and international efforts to address Indigenous aspirations and decolonization especially following WWII. Attention will be also paid to the formation of Indigenous organizations and the engagement of international forums (i.e., through the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'HIST', '001578', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'HIST', '001579', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'HIST', '001582', 'GRD', 'Modern European History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'HIST', '001583', 'GRD', 'Modern European History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'HIST', '001590', 'GRD', 'History of the United States I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'HIST', '001591', 'GRD', 'History of the United States II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'HIST', '001592', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'HIST', '001593', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'HIST', '001602', 'GRD', 'Historians and Public Policy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'HIST', '001604', 'GRD', 'Public History Interpretation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691A', 'HIST', '001615', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691B', 'HIST', '001616', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691C', 'HIST', '001617', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'HIST', '001627', 'GRD', 'Major Field Written Qualifying Examination', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'HIST', '001638', 'GRD', 'Canadian History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'HIST', '001639', 'GRD', 'British History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'HIST', '001640', 'GRD', 'Community Studies Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'HIST', '001641', 'GRD', 'Gender, Women and Family Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('768', 'HIST', '001642', 'GRD', 'United States Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'HIST', '001643', 'GRD', 'Science, Medicine and Technology Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'HIST', '001644', 'GRD', 'Minor Area of Concentration', 'This minor area is arranged between the student and a professor, and falls outside of those other minor areas enumerated in the calendar. The participants will provide the department and the Graduate Studies Office with a course name, which will appear on the student''s transcript, in order to more specifically identify the minor area', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HLTH', '001724', 'GRD', 'Lifespan Determinants of Health and Disease', 'The course will examine the determinants of health and disease from a multi-disciplinary lifespan perspective. An integrated approach will be taken to consider biological, behavioral, and social factors relevant to health and disease at different ages and to discuss issues of prevention within a broadly-based public health orientation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606A', 'HLTH', '001730', 'GRD', 'Epidemiological Methods', 'An investigation of the epidemiology of selected non-infectious diseases with emphasis on the identification of risk factors and on the methodology of epidemiological investigations.', 'Prereq: HSG 605B and 605C or HLTH 605B. Antireq: HLTH 606B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'HLTH', '001731', 'GRD', 'Program Development and Service Delivery for the Elderly', 'The various programs and services, particularly in the non-medical areas, will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on various programs which are available to the elderly residing in the community, such as home care and homemaking services, various outreach programs, including day hospitals, placement and coordination services, geriatric assessment services, vacation relief beds and foster home programs. The reasons for the changes which have taken place over time will also be investigated. In addition, the cost-effectiveness and methods how such cost-effectiveness can be evaluated will be outlined. As with HSG 703, students in this course will be expected to undertake some field work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'HLTH', '001743', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum', 'Fall/Winter/Spring. The supervised research practicum is intended to enhance basic or applied research skills as demonstrated through previous practica, research assistantships or other research experiences. The placement may involve a combination of research design or development, data collection (using quantitative or qualitative methods), analyses, interpretation and presentation. A contract stipulating practicum objectives, and work to be completed and evaluated to meet these objectives, must be jointly approved by the student, the student''s field supervisor, the student''s academic advisor (if applicable), and the course instructor. A written report by the student, together with a letter from the field supervisor, are used by the course instructor to evaluate student performance.', 'SPHS Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'KIN', '001745', 'GRD', 'Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Structure & Function', 'An analysis of the morphological, biophysical, molecular, and physiological properties of skeletal muscle. Topics range from the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, excitation-contraction processes, and cell signaling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'KIN', '001746', 'GRD', 'Respiratory and Cardiovascular Physiology', 'The physiology of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems in work and superimposed environmental stresses are examined. Topics include myocardial function, hemodynamics, microcirculation, diffusion, acid base balance, body fluid regulation and the nature of hormonal and neural control systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'KIN', '001748', 'GRD', 'Biomechanics of Human Motion', 'An assessment of research in the biomechanics of human motion including electromyography, muscle modelling, link segment modelling and analysis, energy and power analysis. The above concepts will be utilized in the assessment of athletes and both the normal and atypical population in sport and rehabilitation contexts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'KIN', '001749', 'GRD', 'Instrumentation and Signal Processing in Biophysical Research', 'Techniques in data acquisition, reduction, and signal processing commonly employed in biophysical research are discussed in class and used in laboratory sessions. Among other instruments, the student becomes familiar with the use of a variety of transducers and their systems characteristics, electromyographs, the process of analog to digital conversion, documentation of motion, stress and strain, and the quantification of medical image data. Signal to noise enhancement is emphasized through all aspects of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'KIN', '001750', 'GRD', 'Neural Control of Human Movement', 'An examination of current theories and evidence concerning the neural control of human movement. Topics may include: origin of kinesthesia, organization of spinal circuits and reflex actions regulating posture and movement, neural strategies for the control of upright stance and locomotion, functional organization of the motor cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia for the control of voluntary movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'KIN', '001751', 'GRD', 'Ergonomic Aspects of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries', 'This course examines the relationships between physical and organizational aspects of the work environment and occupational musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries. Emphasis will be placed on back and upper limb injuries. Major topics covered include injury mechanisms, assessment of injury risk, reporting of injury and use of injury statistics, work site interventions and evaluation of their effectiveness and relevant legislation (including Human Rights considerations). A laboratory project using the methodologies studied in the course is an important component of the course. A project within a local industry, instead of the laboratory project is preferred but optional.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'KIN', '001753', 'GRD', 'Social Neuroscience of Exercise and Eating', 'An examination of current social neuroscientific theories and research in relation to the cognitive aspects of exercise participation and the neurobiology of dietary choice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'KIN', '001760', 'GRD', 'Motor Learning', 'An examination of current theories models and experimental literature concerned with the learning and performance of skilled movement. Topics may include: models of motor learning, expert-novice differences in skill, the automatization of skill, mental practice, the relationship between cognitive and motor skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'KIN', '001761', 'GRD', 'Movement Control and Learning', 'This course deals with the learning and control of goal-directed eye, head, arm and hand movements. Topics include: Hick''s and Fitt''s Laws; goals, task plans and motor equivalence; the actor/environment interface; movement planning and organization; use of schemas, motor programs, feedforward and sensory feedback; motorsensory integration; and knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'KIN', '001769', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'KIN', '001790', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Neuroscience I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'KIN', '001800', 'GRD', 'Cardiorespiratory Integration', 'The control of cardiorespiratory responses to exercise will be examined by detailed consideration of afferent, central neural and effector mechanisms for regulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'KIN', '001802', 'GRD', 'Modelling of Human Musculoskeletal System during Movement', 'Modelling of the human musculoskeletal system during movement is explored using a number of techniques. Assumptions and difficulties in applying modelling techniques to the human body are stressed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'KIN', '001820', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', 'An analysis of specific topics of interest. The form of study may involve a review of literature or the planning and execution of an independent study resulting in a paper for possible publication.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECDEV', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GEOG', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'PLAN', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECDEV', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GEOG', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'PLAN', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ECDEV', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ERS', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'GEOG', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'PLAN', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECDEV', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'GEOG', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'ME', '001852', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Continua', 'Mathematical preliminaries; co-ordinate transformations, introduction to tensors, tensor fields and transformations, integral theorems, analysis of deformation; deformation tensors and rates of deformation tensors and their mechanical significance, convecting and rotating axes. Analysis of stress; definition of stresses and their physical significance, rates of stresses, objective stress rates. Constitutive equations for elasticity and plasticity (Prandtl-Reuss). Hardening laws and material rate sensitivity. Anisotrophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ME', '001855', 'GRD', 'Fracture Mechanics', 'Linear elastic, elastic-plastic and fully plastic approaches to the analysis of cracked components. Calculation and measurement of fracture mechanics parameters - Charpy, strain energy release rate, stress intensity factor, crack tip opening displacement and J-integral - will be covered, including correlations between the various parameters and limitations on their use. Applications will include the analysis of sub-critical crack growth (fatigue) and design procedures, especially the failure assessment diagram approach.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ME', '001858', 'GRD', 'Mechanical Metallurgy', 'Elastic, anelastic and plastic properties of single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates. Relationship between single crystal and polycrystalline deformation. Dislocation theory applied to deformation processes at high and low temperatures. Microscopic aspects of ductile and brittle fracture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'ME', '001859', 'GRD', 'Autonomous Mobile Robotics', 'This course presents the fundamentals of Autonomous Mobile Robotics, including both perception and planning for autonomous operation. Topics in Perception include sensor modeling, vehicle state estimation using Bayes Filters, Kalman Filters, and Particle Filters, and simultaneous localization and mapping. Topics in Planning include vehicle motion modeling and control, reactive, graph based and optimal motion planning. An emphasis on examples from recent research in the area pervades the course content. The course requires background knowledge in state space modeling, linear algebra, probability theory and optimization theory.', 'Antireq: ME 597 Topic 1', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ME', '001861', 'GRD', 'Metallurgy and Plasticity in Metalworking', 'The interaction of material properties and process variables in plastic deformation processes. Phenomena of hot, warm and cold working. Thermo-mechanical processing. Flow stress and workability. Effects of hydrostatic pressure. Analysis of stress and strain state in forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing and sheet metalworking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'ME', '001862', 'GRD', 'Surface Modelling in Machining', 'This course presents the principles behind the mathematical representation of surfaces in ways that are suitable for computers, together with the application of such representations to computer-controlled machining processes. The Bezier, B-spline and NURBS representations are all covered, as are important surface properties, like curvature, shortest-distance algorithms, ray-intersection, surface sub-division, knot insertion, and degree elevation. Machining aspects covered are three-, four- and five-axis methods, anti-gouging methods and anti-interference checking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('649', 'ME', '001863', 'GRD', 'Control of Machines and Processes', 'The concepts of computer-aided manufacturing, microcomputer systems and interfacing techniques for industrial applications. Conversion techniques, timing considerations, thermal and optical sensing, interpolation methods for control of drive systems and programmable controllers are representative of the topics presented. Hardware and software design of real time microcomputer systems which are then implemented in the laboratory constitute a major portion of the course requirements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ME', '001864', 'GRD', 'Heat Conduction', 'Steady and transient heat conduction in isotropic media. Review of fundamental principles of heat conduction and boundary conditions. Introduction to the concept of thermal resistance of systems and of thermal constriction resistance. Derivation of gradient, divergence, Laplacian, conduction equation, boundary conditions and thermal resistance in general orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates. Solutions of conduction equations in several co-ordinate systems. Introduction to finite difference and finite element formulations of the conduction equation in curvilinear co-ordinates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ME', '001865', 'GRD', 'Convective Heat Transfer', 'Derivation of the general energy equation. Parameters required for determination of heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flows. Fully numerical solutions, exact solutions, and approximate solutions for internal and external flows. Problems involving frictional heating, property variations and mass injection at the wall will be considered. If interest is indicated, special topics such as heat transfer by boiling, condensation and evaporation will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ME', '001866', 'GRD', 'Radiation Heat Transfer', 'Blackbody radiation; properties of surfaces; heat exchange between black, isothermal surfaces; heat exchange in an enclosure composed of diffuse-gray surfaces; radiation in the presence of other modes of heat transfer; radiation in absorbing-emitting media; heat exchange in enclosures containing absorbing-emitting gases; flames, luminous flames and particle radiation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ME', '001868', 'GRD', 'Advanced Fluid Mechanics', 'Cartesian tensor forms of basic equations; vorticity; Reynolds number effects; ideal, irrotational flow, some exact viscous solutions. Selection of topics from: boundary layer theory with heat and mass transfer; slow viscous flows and lubrication; hydrodynamic stability of laminar flows; special topics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'ME', '001869', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Flow', 'Stochastic concepts, averages, correlation coefficients, auto-correlation functions, spectra. Space and time scales of turbulent fluctuations, energy dissipation in turbulence. Correlation and spectral tensors in three dimensions, isotropic forms. Equations of motion, spectral equation for isotropic turbulence. Universal equilibrium theory, the Kolmogoroff spectrum. Turbulence transport modelling for engineering calculation of turbulent shear flows.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'ME', '001870', 'GRD', 'Atmospheric Dynamics', 'Hydrodynamic equations of motion on a rotating axis. Geostropic balance in the atmosphere and oceans, vertical variation of wind and pressure fields in the atmosphere, mechanisms of pressure change, vorticity equation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'ME', '001873', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Tribology', 'Various courses dealing with selected aspects of friction, lubrication and wear, including contact phenomena, lubricant behaviour under concentrated contact conditions, and lubrication in special environments. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'ME', '001874', 'GRD', 'Advanced Tribology', 'Mechanical engineering aspects of tribology are emphasized. Topics include the fundamentals of fluid film lubrication and contact mechanics. These fundamentals are applied to model friction, surface temperatures, boundary lubrication, mixed film lubrication, elastohydrodynamic lubrication and wear. Specific applications may be presented, if time permits. ME 423 is a recommended but not an essential prerequisite.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'ME', '001875', 'GRD', 'Control Engineering and Mechanical Systems', 'This course is aimed at applications of control to Mechanical Systems. Course contents: Review of Control; Poles and zeros, Transfer functions, Time Reponse, Actuators, Electrical Systems, PID Control, designing controllers with root locus, state space representations, phase planes, stability concepts, frequency Response. Applications to Mechanical systems: Robots, Hydraulic systems, Active Vibration Control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'ME', '001876', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Control Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'ME', '001877', 'GRD', 'Non-Linear Vibrations', 'Review of linear systems; free and forced vibrations; conservation systems; general autonomous systems; equilibrium and periodic solutions, linearization and Lyapunov stability criteria; Poincare-Bendixon theorem; quantitative analysis of weakly nonlinear systems in free and forced vibrations using perturbation methods; bifurcations and chaos in dynamical systems. This course will use computer programs (such as MAPLE and MATLAB) for simulation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('722', 'ME', '001879', 'GRD', 'Topics in Pressure Vessel Design', 'Design and analysis of pressure vessels, safety considerations and interpretation of pressure vessel codes. Fatigue and fracture modes of failure. Intersecting vessels and connections. Computer techniques of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'ME', '001883', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Advanced Stress Analysis', 'Various courses dealing with advanced topics in stress analysis such as finite element and other computational techniques, variational approaches, continuum mechanics, plasticity, contact and dynamic stresses. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ME', '001888', 'GRD', 'Corrosion and Oxidation', 'Electrochemical reactions and equilibria in ionic systems. Electrode kinetics and rates of corrosion. Modes of corrosive attack including stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement. Corrosion prevention through materials selection, design, cathodic and anodic protection and coatings. Mechanisms and kinetics of high temperature oxidation. Selection of high temperature materials for maximum service lives. Discussion of technologically important material-environment combinations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('734', 'ME', '001889', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Composite Materials', 'Mechanics of advanced fiber-reinforced composite materials, including continuous fiber, discontinuous fiber, and laminates. Review of reinforcing fiber and matrix properties, and mechanics of anisotropic material. Micromechanics concepts will be covered for material property and strength evaluation of lamina. Governing equations for classical lamination theory will be derived and applied, and extended for analysis of laminated plates. Includes advanced topics such as progressive failure, damage mechanics, fracture and energy absorbing characteristics, as well as fatigue of laminated structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'ME', '001890', 'GRD', 'Special Topics - Welding and Joining', 'Discussion of selected current topics in materials science and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'ME', '001891', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanical Metallurgy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'ME', '001892', 'GRD', 'Microstructural Engineering Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ME', '001893', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Materials', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'ME', '001894', 'GRD', 'Manufacturing Processes Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'ME', '001895', 'GRD', 'Modelling and Control of Dynamic Systems', 'Review of classical system modelling. Introducing bondgraphs as a unified approach in modelling of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid dynamic systems. Application of bondgraphs to multibody dynamics. State space representation and response of linear systems. Review of classical linear control theory. Introduction to modern control theory and study system characteristics: controllability, observability and stability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'ME', '001896', 'GRD', 'Modal Analysis and Modelling', 'Computer-aided engineering complements CAD/CAM by helping the engineer design not only individual components, but also design and analyse total systems. This course deals with the area of advanced vibration analysis and modelling using a combination of data acquisition and software analysis methods. This modal analysis approach to design uses several software packages. Topics discussed are the theory of modal analysis, parameter estimation and error assessment, computer modelling of structures, practical aspects of good data collection and manipulation. The course involves significant laboratory usage.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'ME', '001898', 'GRD', 'Quality Assurance and Reliability in Manufacturing', 'Building quality in manufacturing processes and products through statistical design of experiments. Reliability engineering and the association with quality. Reliability models of systems. Maintainability, and fault free analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'ME', '001901', 'GRD', 'Topics in Manufacturing', 'Various courses dealing with recent advances in manufacturing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('748', 'ME', '001902', 'GRD', 'Topics in Surface Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'ME', '001903', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Machining', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ME', '001904', 'GRD', 'Solar Energy', 'Terrestrial and extra-terrestrial solar radiation; radiative and optical properties of materials; basic and advanced flat plate solar thermal converters, focussing converters, solar-electric converters, solar photovoltaic cells, thermal storage; applications to building heating and cooling systems, industrial heat and central electric plants. (Also offered Online)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'ME', '001906', 'GRD', 'Advanced Differential Equations and Special Functions', 'General linear second order ordinary differential equations. Hypergeometric functions, confluent hypergeometric functions. Legendre and Bessel functions. Orthogonality, generating functions, asymptotic expansions, integral relations. Hermite, Legendre, Laquerre and other orthogonal polynomials. Advanced Fourier series; Laplace, Fourier and other integral transforms. Problems from several areas of engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('758', 'ME', '001907', 'GRD', 'Thermal Contact Resistance', 'Theory and application of thermal contact resistance. Parameters influencing contact resistance. Metrology of machined surfaces and their geometric interaction. Mechanical interaction of machined surfaces. Review of elasticity and plasticity theories. Discussion of modified Hertzian theory, including the effect of surface roughness. Thermal constriction resistance theories of circular, rectangular, elliptic, linear strip and annular strip contact areas. Theory of heat flux tubes. Superposition of microscopic and macroscopic resistance. Contacts in vacuum. Effect of interstitial fluids. Effect of metallic and non-metallic substances. Application of theory to industrial problems and well-defined systems such as bearings and powder substances.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'ME', '001908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Experimental Methods in Thermal and Fluids Engineering', 'Design of experiments, error analysis, thermometry, flow visualization, anemometry, barometry, gas chromatography, radiation spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, photography and thermal radiation flux measurement. Application of these methods to measurements in reacting and non-reacting fluids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ME', '001909', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Thermal Engineering', '', 'Antireq: ME 571', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ME', '001910', 'GRD', 'Fluid Dynamic Design of Turbomachines', 'Basic equations in stationary and rotating coordinate systems, forms suitable for axial flow and centrifugal flow machinery. Analysis and experimental characteristics of two-dimensional cascades, analysis of circular cascades. Effects of turbulence. Axisymmetric and general three-dimensional flows in diffusers, inlets, volutes and blade passages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ME', '001911', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Diffusion in the Natural Environment', 'Statistical quantities of interest in turbulent diffusion; Eulerian and Lagrangian probability distributions, averages, correlations, spectra. Specific prediction models for atmospheric and oceanic mixing processes, diffusion in a homogeneous field in a boundary layer. Effects of density stratification, buoyant movements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ME', '001912', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Numerical Methods, Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer', 'Various courses dealing with numerical methods of predicting the fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical reaction in engineering equipment, in the human body, and in the environment. The methods usually involve the solution of partial differential equations of the parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic type.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'ME', '001915', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Mechatronics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'MSCI', '001925', 'GRD', 'Research Methods in the Management Sciences', 'This course focuses on methods used in empirical research in the management sciences. It encompasses: stages in the research process, theory building, problem definition, research strategies and designs, measurement issues, sampling, ethical concerns, data analysis, and the communication of research results. These issues will be examined in published research and student proposals. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'MSCI', '001926', 'GRD', 'Strategic Management of Technological Innovation', 'This course includes: integrating technology and business strategy; design and evolution of technology strategy; development of the firm''s innovative capabilities; creating and implementing systems for innovation; innovation challenges in established firms. In addition to a textbook, cases are used to add realism and context to this course. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'MSCI', '001927', 'GRD', 'Principles of Operations Research', 'This course surveys a spectrum of models and techniques in Operations Research, with emphasis on applications. It focuses on the development of modeling skills, the interpretation of results, sensitivity analysis and computer implementations of decision support systems. Topics include linear, integer and network optimization models. Simulation analysis and other topics in stochastic processes may also be covered. The use of quantitative models in different levels of the decision making hierarchy are illustrated through case studies and readings from the Management Sciences literature. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Antireq:MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'MSCI', '001929', 'GRD', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'MSCI', '001934', 'GRD', 'Organizations & Technical Systems', 'This research seminar concentrates on a macro view of organizations as dynamic systems. It emphasizes the principles of effective management of organizations and technology. Further, the course examines the conceptual foundations of organizational theory and design. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 605', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'MSCI', '001936', 'GRD', 'Human Computer Interaction', 'This course concentrates on the theoretical and practical issues related to the design of the human-computer interfaces. Aspects of human perception, cognition and various models of task analysis are discussed. Further, the course examines the principles of interface design and the related empirical evidence. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students', 'Prereq: MSCI 605. Antireq MSCI 730,CS 649', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'MSCI', '001937', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Models in Operations Research', 'The goal of this course is to enable students to think probabilistically. The modelling and analysis of uncertain systems in operations research is emphasized. Tools include renewal theory, Markov processes and queuing analysis, while application areas include production and inventory control, health-management, transportation, and other problems in probabilistic operations research. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'MSCI', '001938', 'GRD', 'Discrete Event Simulation', 'This course provides an introduction to Discrete Event Simulation. Topics covered include applications of discrete event simulation, simulation languages, data collection and input analysis, random number generation, validation, output analysis for a single system, comparison of several systems, variance reduction techniques and experimental design. Through a project, students will acquire the skills necessary to define a problem, develop and validate a conceptual and computer model, analyse the problem, and make recommendations. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'MSCI', '001939', 'GRD', 'Production and Inventory Management', 'The course emphasizes inventory control models with deterministic and stochastic demand, and supply chain management. Other areas which might be addressed are aggregate planning, machine scheduling, material requirements planning, and multi-echelon production and distribution systems. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'MSCI', '001950', 'GRD', 'Database Management Systems', 'The course is concerned with the design, management and use of databases. The course combines theoretical foundations of database organization and database design methodologies with the practical aspects of developing, implementing and managing databases. Some topics include: relational database design, entity modelling, SQL, and comparison of different types of databases.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'MSCI', '001957', 'GRD', 'Linear Programming and Extensions', 'Introduction to selected applications of LP. The simplex method. Duality and sensitivity analysis. Computer solutions to LP. Network flow problems with applications and algorithms. Special topics such as revised simplex method, primal-dual method, decomposition principle, generalized upperbounding and ellipsoid methods. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'MSCI', '001958', 'GRD', 'Applied Optimization', 'The course focuses on the modeling and solution of practical optimization problems. It covers formulations based on integer and nonlinear optimization, solution approaches based on large-scale optimization, and algorithmic design and implementation. Topics include set covering formulations, Lagrangean relaxation, Benders decomposition, column generation, branch-and-price, nonlinear programming, and metaheuristics. Possible applications areas include bin packing, routing, scheduling, and logistics planning. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'MSCI', '001960', 'GRD', 'Logistics and Supply Chain Management', 'Modern supply chain management encompasses the logistics of inventory and transportation flows, whether within a given organization or between that firm and other companies (suppliers, customers) that are part of its business. This course thus deal with models and analyses of the inbound transportation of raw materials, manufactured components and sub-assemblies. Another emphasis is the (outbound) physical distribution of finished goods from factory to consumer: freight transportation (various modes, customer service, multi-location inventory management and distribution-centre site selection. Specialized topics (for term projects) may be chosen from among Logistics Information Systems; Global Supply Chain Management; Vehicle Routing; or the Logistics of e-Commerce. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'MSCI', '001963', 'GRD', 'Decision Analysis Under Uncertainty', 'The course goal is to understand, model and improve decision making under uncertainty and complexity. Bayesian principles and expected utility theory are combined, their underlying assumptions critically reviewed, and alternative theories surveyed. Other issues addressed include decision with multiple attributes. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'MSCI', '001969', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Data Analytics', 'The objective of this course is to develop skills with a range of procedures and programs for multivariate data analysis. The focus will be on practical issues such as selecting the appropriate analysis, preparing data for analysis, menu-driven and syntax programming, interpreting output, and presenting results of a complex nature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'MSCI', '001970', 'GRD', 'Operations Analytics', 'This course covers predictive analytics that provides techniques to model the relationships between inputs and outcomes, and construct predictions about future outcomes, and prescriptive analytics that provides tools to optimize actions against a complex set of objectives to find best practices and design best policies under all circumstances. The theoretical techniques will be applied to such chains, service industries, healthcare systems, revenue management, inventory management, and sports.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'MSCI', '001986', 'GRD', 'Economics of Technological Change', 'This is an applied course in industrial organization economics. It deals with productivity, the relationship between productivity and technological change, the determinants to firms'' investments in research, development and innovation, the diffusion of innovations, entrepreneurship, and technology policy. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 607', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'MSCI', '001991', 'GRD', 'Topics in Organizational Analysis and Behaviour', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'MSCI', '001995', 'GRD', 'Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship: Managing New Technology-based Firms', 'An overview of the process of initiating startups, spin-outs or new ventures within an existing company. Ventures based on new technologies are a focus. Topics include extrpreneurship and organizational culture, opportunity identification and assessment, business plans and new venture diagnostics, protecting intellectual property, finance, marketing and the entrpreneurial team.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'MSCI', '001999', 'GRD', 'Topics in Other Areas of Management Sciences', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'MSCI', '002006', 'GRD', 'Special Directed Readings', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'OPTOM', '002036', 'GRD', 'Radiation and the Visual Stimulus', 'Measurement and specification of light; radiometric and photometric relationships; spectrophotometry and the C.I.E. colorimetric specification of visual stimuli; radiation limits of the visual system. Radiation hazards and safety criteria.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'OPTOM', '002037', 'GRD', 'Neurophysiology of Vision', 'An advanced course which examines photoreceptor function, the retina, the neural processing of form and colour by the geniculo-striate system, the neural control of eye movements and accommodation by midbrain and brainstem structures, the vestibular system as it relates to vision, eye-hand co-ordination, the neural processing involved in reading.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'OPTOM', '002038', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangements with the faculty member, the student and his or her committee.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614A', 'OPTOM', '002068', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 1-MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614B', 'OPTOM', '002069', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 2 - MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'OPTOM', '002072', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangement with the faculty member and the student''s committee. The course is designed for PhD students only. The course cannot be similar in content to 608 taken at the Master''s level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'PHIL', '002148', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in Applied Philosophy.These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 673, Graduate Courses in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 675 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems. These courses are often held in conjunction with 400 level philosophy courses, through of course the work requirements for graduate students are more stringent. Students must pay attention to the restriction on the number of these courses they are allowed to count toward their degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'PHIL', '002157', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in the department''s field of research concentration. These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 674, Graduate Course in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 676 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('699', 'PHIL', '002190', 'GRD', 'Applied Research Placement Tutorial', 'Students in the Applied Philosophy program enroll in this tutorial in conjunction with a placement at a host organization. The Applied Research Placement will prepare the student to make a research contribution on a specific philosophical topic and to make an applied contribution outside of philosophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'PHYS', '002192', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 1', 'Review of formalism of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics including symmetries and invariance. Approximation methods and scattering theory. Elementary quantum theory of radiation. Introduction to one-particle relativistic wave equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'PHYS', '002193', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 2', 'Concepts of relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary quantum field theory, and Feynman diagrams. Application to many particle systems. Students who have not taken PHYS 701 but have an equivalent background in Quantum Mechanics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'PHYS', '002195', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 1', 'Statistical basis of thermodynamics; microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles; quantum statistical mechanics, theory of the density matrix; fluctuations, noise, irreversible thermodynamics; transport theory; application to gases, liquids, solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'PHYS', '002196', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 2', 'Phase transitions. Fluctuation phenomena. Kubo''s theory of time correlation functions for transport and spectral properties; applications selected from a variety of topics including linearized hydrodynamics of normal and superfluids, molecular liquids, liquid crystals, surface phenomena, theory of the dielectric constant, etc. Students who have not taken PHYS 704 but have an equivalent background in Statistical Physics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 704 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'PHYS', '002197', 'GRD', 'Electromagnetic Theory', 'Maxwell''s equations and conservation laws; accelerated point charges and electromagnetic radiation; multipole expansions; electromagnetism and special relativity; selected applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PHYS', '002198', 'GRD', 'Applications of Group Theory', 'Introduction to group theory; symmetry, the group concept, representation theory, character theory. Applications to molecular vibrations, the solid state, quantum mechanics and crystal field theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'PHYS', '002199', 'GRD', 'Green''s Function Method', 'Review of essential quantum field theory. Zero and finite temperature Green''s functions. Applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PHYS', '002200', 'GRD', 'Atomic Physics', 'Emphasis on atomic structure and spectroscopy. Review of angular momentum, rotations, Wigner-Eckart theorem, n-j symbols. Energy levels in complex atoms, Hartree-Fock theory, radiative transitions and inner shell processes. Further topics selected with class interest in mind, at least one of which to be taken from current literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'PHYS', '002202', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'PHYS', '002203', 'GRD', 'Molecular Physics', 'Angular momentum and the rotation of molecules; introduction to group theory with application to molecular vibrations; principles of molecular spectroscopy; spectra of isolated molecules; intermolecular interactions and their effects on molecular spectra; selected additional topics (e.g., electronic structure of molecules, experimental spectroscopic techniques, neutron scattering, correlation functions, collision induced absorption, extension of group theory to molecular crystals, normal coordinate analysis, etc.).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'PHYS', '002204', 'GRD', 'Intermediate and High Energy Physics', 'Strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. Isospin, strangeness, conservation laws and symmetry principles. Leptons, hadrons, quarks and their classification, formation, interactions and decay.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PHYS', '002206', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 1', 'Phonons, electron states, electron-electron interaction, electron-ion interaction, static properties of solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('732', 'PHYS', '002207', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 2', 'Transport properties; optical properties; magnetism; superconductivity; disordered systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('733', 'PHYS', '002208', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'PHYS', '002215', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'PHYS', '002218', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'PHYS', '002219', 'GRD', 'Clinical Applications of Physics in Medicine', 'This course provides an overview of the application of physics to medicine. The physical concepts underlying the diagnosis and treatment of disease will be explored. Topics will include general imaging principles such as resolution, intensity and contrast; x-ray imaging and computed tomography; radioisotopes and nuclear medicine, SPECT and PET; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasound imaging and radiation therapy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'PHYS', '002220', 'GRD', 'Molecular Biophysics', 'Physical methods of determining macromolecular structure: energetics, intramolecular and intermolecular forces, with applications to lamellar structures, information storage, DNA and RNA, recognition and rejection of foreign molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('754', 'PHYS', '002222', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('757', 'PHYS', '002224', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'PHYS', '002227', 'GRD', 'Special Lecture and Reading Course', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PHYS', '002228', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PHYS', '002230', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Astrophysics', 'Multi-wavelength astronomy: radio, infrared, optical and x-ray observations. Radiative Processes: macroscopic description, thermal and non-thermal emission, scattering, line transitions and plasma effects. Gravitational Dynamics: potential and orbits, self-gravitating systems, the Collisionless Boltzmann Equation, gravitational encounters. Fluid Mechanics: simple fluids, soundwaves and shocks, instabilities and transport mechanisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'PHYS', '002232', 'GRD', 'Cosmology', 'Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric and dynamics; big bang thermodynamics; nucleosynthesis; recombination; perturbation theory and structure formation; anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background; statistics of cosmological density and velocity fields; galaxy formation; inflation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'PHYS', '002233', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'PHYS', '002234', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'PLAN', '002238', 'GRD', 'Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include: tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices.', 'Antireq: PLAN 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'PLAN', '002242', 'GRD', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine the redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a fee component. (Field trip will not exceed $60.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'PLAN', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'GEOG', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECDEV', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PLAN', '002247', 'GRD', 'Social Concepts in Planning', 'An advanced examination of planners in their environment considering the relationship between social and land use planning. The course will examine a set of social concepts which may include: safety, gentrification, neighbourhood revitalization, social mix, community, displacement, participation, social capital, social sustainability, accessibility, public space, urban sprawl and social cohesion.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PLAN', '002249', 'GRD', 'Methods of Social Investigation for Planners', 'Selected research approaches and methods used in planning research and practice including, for example, survey research, field research, participatory research; methods using existing data; needs assessment research. The purposes of social inquiry, the development of theories, the use of research in policy-making, and the ethical issues associated with social research provide the context for discussing the details of research methods. A course for those with some research skills and wishing to pursue planning-related methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PLAN', '002251', 'GRD', 'Planning Law', 'A seminar in Planning Law using the case study approach. Although the emphasis is primarily on the law in Ontario, reference is made to planning law in other provinces for purposes of comparison. Planning issues dealt with by the Ontario Municipal Board are used to illustrate the power to regulate the use of land, the law relating to citizen participation, problems of non-conforming uses, and the maintenance of environmental quality in neighbourhoods and communities. Some general familiarity with law is desirable, but not essential. Estimated additional cost to student: $40.00', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'PLAN', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'GEOG', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PLAN', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'GEOG', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'PLAN', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'GEOG', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'PLAN', '002307', 'GRD', 'Planning Paradigms and Theory', 'Historical background and development of planning including cultural, philosophical and disciplinary roots; planning theory and its applications in urban, regional, service and environmental areas.', 'Prereq: Planning Graduate Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PLAN', '002308', 'GRD', 'Research Design', 'The major philosophical and methodological approaches to research in a professional field of practice and related academic fields.', 'Planning Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PLAN', '002317', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Planning Scholarship', 'Introductory examination of Planning as a discipline, scholarly endeavor and professional field. Students will learn about and evaluate the evolution of planning scholarship, planning practice and their integration in diverse contexts. Professional development topics will include journal writing and review, grant applications, consulting, professional writing, professional ethics, and knowledge mobilization.', 'Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('802', 'PLAN', '002320', 'GRD', 'Advanced Planning Theory', 'An advanced examination of planning theory. This course offers students an in-depth look at canonical works and recent developments in planning theory and their connections to practice. Students will also consider the influence of various strands of social theory and philosophy of science on planning thought. Underlying epistemologies and ontologies will be discussed.', 'Prereq: PLAN 801 and Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PMATH', '002339', 'GRD', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed; making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Antireq: PMATH 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'PMATH', '002341', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Antireq: PMATH 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'PMATH', '002346', 'GRD', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, LP spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Antireq: PMATH 451', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PMATH', '002347', 'GRD', 'Topics in Complex Analysis', 'The Riemann mapping theorem and several topics such as analytic continuation, harmonic functions, elliptic functions, entire functions, univalent functions, special functions. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the department.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352 or consent of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PMATH', '002349', 'GRD', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Antireq: PMATH 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'PMATH', '002350', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Antireq: PMATH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'PMATH', '002351', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'Reading Course', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'PMATH', '002391', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Lie Groups and Lie Algebras', 'An introduction to matrix Lie groups and their associated Lie algebras: geometry of matrix Lie groups; relations between a matrix Lie group and its Lie algebra; representation theory of matrix Lie groups.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'PMATH', '002392', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Algebraic Geometry', 'An introduction to algebraic geometry through the theory of algebraic curves. General algebraic geometry: affine and projective algebraic sets, Hilbert''s Nullstellensatz, co-ordinate rings, polynomial maps, rational functions and local rings. Algebraic curves: affine and projective plane curves, tangency and multiplicity, intersection numbers, Bezout''s theorem and divisor class groups.', 'Antireq: PMATH 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSCI', '002420', 'GRD', 'Political Theory 1', 'Problems in classical and contemporary political theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PSCI', '002422', 'GRD', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'An examination of the justification and limitations of democratic government, as well as more practical applications of democratic theory to the workplace, judicial review, legal obligations, etc. The focus will be on problems of democratic theory and practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'PSCI', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PACS', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PSCI', '002424', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Political Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630A', 'PSCI', '002428', 'GRD', 'Public Administration and Policy 1', 'An in-depth analysis of selected theories of public administration and public policy (e.g.) organization, behaviour, motivation, responsibility, policy making and implementation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'PSCI', '002430', 'GRD', 'The State and Economic Life', 'An analytical and comparative study of the growth of government intervention in the economic process, and of the development of the welfare state in selected western liberal-democratic societies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSCI', '002431', 'GRD', 'The Politics of Canadian Resource Development', 'An examination of various public policies designed to promote the exploitation and export of Canada''s natural resources with an emphasis on the economic, political, social and environmental implications of these developmental strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PSCI', '002432', 'GRD', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'In this course, we examine some of the conceptual frameworks that have been used by policy analysts in the past, in order to assess the possibilities as well as the limitations of such frameworks. We then develop our own approaches to examining some recent policy developments in Canada, using the insights of the authors we have examined. We will examine federal economic policy, provincial health policy, and municipal zoning policies, in order to assess (among other factors) the relative significance of policy focus, the situation of the policy-makers in the political system and ideological preferences.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PSCI', '002433', 'GRD', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'A comparative survey of public administration in both developed and developing areas. The focus is on the rise of the administrative state in a variety of cultural and political contexts, and on the study of general concepts which can then be applied in a variety of settings. Among the topics to be discussed are: comparison in the study of public administration; bureaucracy as a focus for comparison; the concept of the administrative state; the evolution of national administrative systems; the politics-administration interface and the senior civil service; bureaucracy and democracy; representative bureaucracy; bureaucratic ethics and morality; and the ombudsman and government secrecy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'PSCI', '002434', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Public Policy and Administration', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSCI', '002440', 'GRD', 'Approaches to the Study of Comparative Politics', 'This course focuses on some of the methodological and theoretical problems involved in the conduct of comparative political inquiry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PSCI', '002442', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Third World Politics and Development II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'PSCI', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PACS', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'PSCI', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'GGOV', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'PSCI', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GGOV', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PACS', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PSCI', '002450', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Institutions', 'This course examines the structure and operation of central institutions in government, including dominant theories and approaches to their study. Topics may include the constitution, Parliament, the executive, courts, federalism and intergovernmental relations, political parties, provincial and municipal governance, and the bureaucracy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'PSCI', '002451', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Process', 'This course examines the political process and societal cleavages in Canada, with a focus on new directions and debates in research. Topics may include elections and voting behaviour, social policy, gender, regionalism and nationalism, Indigenous politics, political culture, interest groups and social movements, and rights.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'PSCI', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GGOV', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'PSCI', '002455', 'GRD', 'Women and Public Policy', 'Public policy in a variety of areas significant for women (including sport, employment equity, violence) sometimes fails to take into account women''s experiences and needs. In this course, we will review policy developments, and reflect on the significance of feminist perspectives for policy analysis. The course will focus on Canadian examples, with comparative material included where useful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'PSCI', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'GGOV', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PACS', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'PSCI', '002464', 'GRD', 'Topics in International Political Economy', 'Contemporary perspectives and issues in international political economy, with particular attention to advanced industrial countries. Topics include political/economic cooperation, the politics of trade, and the politics of adjustment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'PSCI', '002465', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in International Politics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'PSCI', '002467', 'GRD', 'Explaining Interstate War', 'An examination of explanation of interstate war found in classic texts and current empirical studies. (Heldwith PSCI 481).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'PSCI', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'GGOV', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', 'Prereq: Global Governance Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PACS', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSYCH', '002517', 'GRD', 'Advanced Clinical Research', 'Clinical students in all of the first four years of the graduate program are expected to enroll in this clinical research topics seminar that will meet weekly and continue throughout the fall and winter terms to discuss new and ongoing clinical research topics conducted by the students and faculty in the program. Topics will include research into personality study, psychopathology, various assessment and therapeutic efforts in clinical psychology. Special emphasis will be placed on research design and statistical analysis applicable to lab and clinical settings.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSYCH', '002539', 'GRD', 'Multiple Regression', 'Basic principles used in the design of experiments and the analysis of experimental data, with emphasis on multiple regression and complex analysis of variance techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSYCH', '002572', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Cognition and Perception', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677A', 'PSYCH', '002626', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience', 'This survey course will be team-taught by members of the Cognitive Neuroscience Area and faculty from other departments within Neuroscience research programs, and will serve to introduce students to major subareas of ongoing cognitive neuroscience research at Waterloo. Topics can include (but are not restricted to) the neuroscience of vision, attention, memory, spatial navigation, face perception, somatosensory processing, locomotion, and multisensory integration. Students will also be exposed to the broad range of neuroscience methods ranging from cellular and psychological studies to behavioural and functional neuroimaging methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('679A', 'PSYCH', '002630', 'GRD', 'Clincial Neuropsych Practicum', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704A', 'PSYCH', '002719', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704B', 'PSYCH', '002720', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PSYCH', '002724', 'GRD', 'Reasoning about Ownership of Property', 'Ownership of property is an important determinant of human behaviour. It is especially important in development because most of young children''s social conflicts concern the possession and use of objects and these conflicts often involve reasoning about ownership. This class will examine the development of reasoning about ownership. Although the main approach will be developmental, a multidisciplinary approach will be taken. Readings will include papers from other areas of psychology and from philosophy, anthropology, law, and ethology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PSYCH', '002749', 'GRD', 'Emotion-Focused Therapy', 'The purpose of this course is to provide students with grounding in the theory and skills required to work effectively with emotions in psychotherapy. The course will begin with an overview of the role of emotions in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. Three major principles\nof change in EFT: Awareness, regulation, and restructuring of emotion will be examined and the principles of EFT to conceptualize and treat distress at the level of the individual, the dyad, and the family will be applied. Only students in the Clinical Psychology program are permitted to take this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'PSYCH', '002754', 'GRD', 'Cognition and Perception Seminar', 'This is a weekly seminar including both student and faculty presentations of current research and student proposals for MA or PhD work. The format of the seminars may vary from term to term depending on the availability of invited speakers, topics of interest to students and faculty, and the research of members of the group.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'PSYCH', '002758', 'GRD', 'Basic Issues in Cognition', 'A seminar in which major methods and theoretical arguments in contemporary cognitive psychology will be examined through the reading and evaluation of significant papers of the past several decades.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'PSYCH', '002760', 'GRD', 'Auditory Processes and Speech Perception', 'A seminar dealing with primary auditory processes and the basics of speech perception. Topics may include cochlear mechanisms, loudness, pitch, auditory localization, central auditory mechanisms, the motor theory of speech, contemporary speech theory, and artificial speech.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PSYCH', '002761', 'GRD', 'Psychophysics and Measurement', 'A seminar covering classical psychophysics and more recent psychophysical scaling techniques. Topics include theory and methods of classical psychophysics (Weber, Fechner), direct and indirect scaling, multidimensional scaling, and signal detection theory. Contextual effects and sequential effects may be included.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'PSYCH', '002763', 'GRD', 'Consciousness and Cognition', 'Investigation of the methods and theories concerning the distinction between conscious and unconscious representation of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'PSYCH', '002764', 'GRD', 'Problem Solving, Judgment and Decision-Making', 'A seminar on the cognitive processes involved in problem solving, judgment and decision making. Representative topics include reasoning, traditional and artificial intelligence approaches to problem solving, heuristics and biases in judgment, and theories of choice behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('777', 'PSYCH', '002765', 'GRD', 'Human Memory', 'A seminar considering various aspects of human memory. Topics may include long-term and short-term memory, memory codes, storage and retrieval processes, and theories of forgetting.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'PSYCH', '002766', 'GRD', 'Attention', 'A seminar dealing with aspects of attention in humans. The processes involved in selective attention and the various theories of attention will be considered. Additional topics may include a consideration of preattentive processes and the analysis of nonattended sensory input.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'PSYCH', '002767', 'GRD', 'Language and Reading', 'A seminar considering various aspects of psycholinguistics and reading. Possible topics include single-word identification, theories of reading, and various aspects of contemporary psycholinguistic theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779A', 'PSYCH', '002768', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuropsychology I', 'A seminar dealing with current research in human neuropsychology. Topics will include object agnosia, coloragnosia, prosopagnosia, and anosognosia, as well as other consequences of brain damage on human cognitive functions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PSYCH', '002770', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory', 'Memory is intimately involved in most, if not all, domains of human cognition, from the ability to temporarily remember a phone number to the acquisition of language, to defining who we are. This course will consider the cognitive and neural organization of memory, the basis of remembering and forgetting, and the nature of false memories, with an emphasis on the consequences of brain changes associated with normal and pathological aging. Throughout, cognitive theory and behavioural evidence will be integrated with data from neuropsychology and functional brain imaging.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('783', 'PSYCH', '002772', 'GRD', 'Neuroimaging of Cognition', 'Students will learn fundamental aspects of various neuroimaging techniques as they relate to broad areas of cognition including vision, attention, language, memory and executive control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('800', 'PSYCH', '002774', 'GRD', 'Psychometric Theory & Structural Equation Modeling', 'The first part of the course introduces classical test theory and test construction principles, and addresses issues in interpreting test scores. The second part covers exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The last part of the course examines important measurement issues that arise in the analysis of experimental and nonexperimental data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PSYCH', '002775', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Equation Modeling', 'This course addresses contemporary advances in the areas of psychometric theory and structural equation modeling. Included are topics such as item response theory, nonlinear factor analysis, latent curve models and other longitudinal models, and models for analyzing dyadic data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('836A', 'PSYCH', '002790', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum in Applied Psychology', 'Part-time supervised field work training in an applied setting. For on-campus students only. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('883', 'PSYCH', '002872', 'GRD', 'Organizational and Management Development', 'An introduction to the theories and techniques for improving organizational effectiveness. This course is open to students, with instructor consent, who have sufficient background in human resource management or organizational behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('886', 'PSYCH', '002890', 'GRD', 'Psychology of Training', 'Examines major topics and issues regarding the psychology of training in work organizations. Areas typically covered include task analysis, training objectives, curriculum development, instructional techniques, and training evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'REC', '002892', 'GRD', 'Integrative Seminar in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'An examination and discussion of the definitions, concepts and theories used in recreation and leisure studies. The seminar seeks to identify and discuss current theories, methods, and issues, and to examine the concepts of professionalism and scientific inquiry as they apply to the field of recreation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('609', 'REC', '002898', 'GRD', 'Internship in Recreation Service', 'A structured experience in a specified community agency to provide the student with the opportunity to relate theory and practice. A minimum of 50 hours per term will be required. Approval of Faculty Supervisor and Field Supervisor; Faculty Supervisor to assign grade via final written report, in consultation with Field Supervisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', 'Prereq: REC 662 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'REC', '002908', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual or small group basis with members of the faculty.', 'REC Grad students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'REC', '002969', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Knowledge in Leisure Studies', 'An examination of the different paradigmatic perspective that influence the multidisciplinary field of Leisure Studies. The interrelationships among paradigms, theories, epistemologies, and methodologies are explored, with particular attention to their application to current research in the field. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'RUSS', '002998', 'GRD', 'Approaches to Language Didactics', 'Students become familiar with the theorectical foundations of language teaching methodologies and develop a deeper understanding of their own work as language instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'SOC', '003036', 'GRD', 'Sociological Theory', 'A critical overview of selected original writings of major sociological theorists from the 19th and 20th centuries (including, among others, Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Mead, Schutz, Wollstonecraft, Martineau, D. Smith, Giddens, and Habermas). Attention is paid throughout to issues in the philosophy of social science and sociology of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'SOC', '003037', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Digital Media', 'An examination of the circuits of technology, creativity, and culture in new media industries, including qualitative work with start-ups and entrepreneurs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'SOC', '003042', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Sociological Theory', 'This course provides an overview of major works of social thought in contemporary context.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'SOC', '003043', 'GRD', 'Selected Problems in Sociological Theory', 'Relation of sociological theory to specific problems of sociological analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SOC', '003044', 'GRD', 'Intermediate Social Statistics', 'Applied multiple regression/correlation, with emphasis on data processing/computing, model construction and interpretation and underlying statistical assumptions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'SOC', '003045', 'GRD', 'Elements of Social Research', 'The social science research process is examined within quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches.', 'Prereq: Sociology Graduate Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'SOC', '003048', 'GRD', 'Mixed Methods Research', 'Strategies are introduced to design, implement and critically assess the appropriateness of mixed methods different designs integration, interpretation, logistics, benefits and the challenges involved in conducting mixed methods research.', 'Prereq: SOC 712', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'SOC', '003049', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Sociology', 'An instructor will teach in their area of specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SOC', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'PACS', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SOC', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'RS', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'SOC', '003053', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Deviance', 'The seminar undertakes a critical examination of the major theoretical perspectives in the sociology of deviance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'SOC', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'WS', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'SOC', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'PACS', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'SOC', '003061', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Knowledge', 'The seminar undertakes to develop a general theory of the relation of social thought to social action, comparative value systems and the role of the scientist, artist and intellectual in society.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SOC', '003062', 'GRD', 'Theories of Social Change', 'A systematic review and analysis of major theories of social change. Theoretical problems are examined within a specific context such as social organization, economic institutions, social stratification, and urban structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('785', 'SOC', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GGOV', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'SOC', '003068', 'GRD', 'Graduate Readings in Sociology', 'Selected readings in a specific topic including the preparation of a research paper under the supervision of a faculty member.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('831', 'STAT', '003087', 'GRD', 'Generalized Linear Models and Applications', 'Review of normal linear regression and maximum likelihood estimation. Computational methods, including Newton-Raphson and iteratively reweighted least squares. Binomial regression; the role of the link function. Goodness-of-fit, goodness-of-link, leverage. Poisson regression models. Generalized linear models. Other topics in regression modelling.', 'Antireq: STAT 431.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('833', 'STAT', '003088', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes 2', 'This course provides further ideas and methods in stochastic modelling, with an emphasis on continuous-time stochastic processes. Topics cover time to absorption based quantities and discrete phase-type distributions of discrete-time Markov chains, continuous-time Markov chains with a countable state space, limit distributions for ergodic and absorbing chains, and applications including birth and death processes and queueing models of practical interest. Other topics may include continuous phase-type distributions, renewal theory and limit theorems for regenerative processes, and phase-type renewal processes.', 'Antirequisite: STAT 433.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('835', 'STAT', '003089', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Process Improvement', 'Statistical methods for improving processes based on observational data. Assessment of measurement systems. Strategies for variation reduction. Process monitoring, control and adjustment. Clue generation techniques for determining the sources of variability. Variation transmission.', 'Antireq: STAT 435', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('840', 'STAT', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'CM', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('841', 'STAT', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'CM', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('844', 'STAT', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CM', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('850', 'STAT', '003094', 'GRD', 'Estimation and Hypothesis Testing', 'Discussion of inference problems under the headings of hypothesis testing and point and interval estimation. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches to inference. Construction and evaluation of tests and estimators. Large sample theory of point estimation.', 'Antireq: STAT 450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('854', 'STAT', '003097', 'GRD', 'Sampling Theory and Practice', 'Sources of survey error. Probability sampling designs, estimation and efficiency comparisons. Distribution theory and confidence intervals. Generalized regression estimation. Software for survey analysis.', 'Antireq: STAT 454.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('901', 'STAT', '003101', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 1', 'Probability measures, random variables as measurable functions, expectation, independence, characteristic functions, limit theorems, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('902', 'STAT', '003102', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 2', 'Review of conditioning on sigma-fields; martingale theory (discrete and continuous-time) and applications; counting processes; Brownian motion; stochastic differential and integral equations and applications; general theory of Markov processes (including martingale problems and semigroup theory), diffusions; weak convergence of stochastic processes on function spaces; functional versions of the central limit theorem and strong laws; convergence of empirical processes.', 'Antireq: ECE 780', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('906', 'STAT', '003104', 'GRD', 'Computer Intensive Methods for Stochastic Models in Finance', 'Review of basic numerical methods. Simulation of random variables, stochastic processes and stochastic models in finance. Numerical solution of deterministic and stochastic differential equations. Valuation of complex financial instruments and derivative securities. Project and paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('908', 'STAT', '003105', 'GRD', 'Statistical Inference', 'Principles of Inference: sufficiency, conditionality, and likelihood; examples and counter examples; conditional inference and ancillarity. Theory of Hypothesis Testing: Neyman-Pearson lemma; similar tests; invariant tests. Asymptotic Theory: maximum likelihood and related theory; large-sample properties of parametric significance tests. Interval Estimation: confidence intervals and significance intervals; location and scale models, conditional intervals. Introduction to Decision Theory: loss and risk functions, admissibility; minimax and Bayes rules; prior and posterior analysis. The course content of Stat 850 is a presumed prerequisite for Stat 908.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('923', 'STAT', '003113', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Multivariate problems as extensions of univariate problems, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation and principle component analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('929', 'STAT', '003116', 'GRD', 'Time Series 1', 'Iterative model building. ARIMA models, application to forecasting, seasonal models, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('930', 'STAT', '003117', 'GRD', 'Time Series 2', 'Multiple time series modeling including transfer function and intervention analysis. Various special topics in time series such as outliers, robustness, order determination methods, Kalman filtering, sampling and aggregation, seasonal adjustments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('935', 'STAT', '003120', 'GRD', 'Analysis of Survival Data', 'This course deals with methods of analyzing data on the time to failure with particular emphasis on the use of regression models for such data. Both parameteric and semi-parametric regression models will be considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('938', 'STAT', '003122', 'GRD', 'Statistical Consulting', 'This course will cover some of the basic tools of a statistical consultant. Topics will include the use of statistical packages, problem-solving techniques, discussion of common statistical consulting problems, effective communication of statistical concepts and management of consulting sessions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'SYDE', '003143', 'GRD', 'Mathematics of Computation', 'Review of mathematical and computational preliminaries; sources of error in floating-point arithmetic; solution of linear equations, eigen value problems, singular value decomposition, non-linear equations, ordinary differential equations and issues in designing mathematical software. The emphasis in this course will be on solution techniques rather than modelling and equation formulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'SYDE', '003146', 'GRD', 'Tools of Intelligent Systems Design', 'The course outlines fundamentals of intelligent systems design using tools of computational intelligence and soft computing. These include fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and other hybrid techniques such as neuro fuzzy systems and fuzzy-generated algorithms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'SYDE', '003147', 'GRD', 'Time Series Modelling', 'The theory and application of time-series modelling are presented for describing phenomena measured at discrete points in time. The types of time-series models include stationary auto regressive moving average (ARMA), nonstationary, special families of seasonal, transfer function-noise (multiple inputs-single output), intervention, and multivariate (multiple inputs-multiple output) models. Applications are used for explaining how the foregoing models are fitted to both natural and socio-economic time series by following the identification, estimation and diagnostic check stages of model construction. Other topics include simulation in engineering design, forecasting in the operation of large-scale projects, and environmental impact assessment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'SYDE', '003148', 'GRD', 'Optimization Methods', 'This course is intended to give a broad treatment of the subject of practical optimization. Emphasis will be given to understanding the motivation and scope of various optimization techniques for constrained and unconstrained problems. The methods discussed include, but are not limited to: Newton''s method and its variants, secant methods and conjugate gradient methods for unconstrained problems; active set methods, penalty methods and Lagrangian methods for constrained problems. In order to use, adapt and modify these methods, details that affect their performance will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'SYDE', '003149', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Engineering Methods', 'This course examines the fundamentals of modern perspectives on interface design for complex systems using current methods in cognitive engineering. We discuss Cognitive Work Analysis, Brunswick''s'' Lens Model, Goal Directed Task Analysis, Situation Awareness Oriented Design, Naturalistic Decision Making, Contextual Inquiry, Macro-cognitive Methods, Activity Theory, Concept Mapping, Cognitive Task Analysis, Social Network Analysis and their application to different types of human engineering problems. Students in this course will learn multiple methods in cognitive engineering with an emphasis on knowing the differences in foundation, assumptions and appropriate application of the methods. Students will be expected to apply the methods in a realistic research context, applying for ethics clearance and working with actual participants. Examples of appropriate topics may include understanding how people work with complex or automated systems models. Finally this course discusses aspects of the current research environment in cognitive engineering, with the objective of developing successful future researchers in this area.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'SYDE', '003151', 'GRD', 'Dynamics of Multibody Systems', 'In this course, linear graph theory is used to model the topology of 2-d and 3-d systems of rigid bodies connected by mechanical joints, springs, dampers, and actuators. Graph-theoretic methods are then used to systematically derive the kinematic and dynamic equations; the numeric solution of these equations provides a simulation of the system''s motion. Topics include: review of kinematics, dynamics and graph theoretic (GT) methods; application to one-dimensional mechanical systems; GT representation of two-dimensional components and systems; formulation and solution of governing system equations; extension to three dimensional mechanical systems with flexible bodies and mechatronic components; application to kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, robotic manipulators, vehicles and satellites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'SYDE', '003153', 'GRD', 'Graphic Theoretic Models for Complex Systems', 'This course extends material in SY DE 551 to include complex systems, systems with uncertainty and systems design issues. Material covered includes: non-linear systems models, their formulations and solutions; higher-order sensitivity models and solutions; second moment analysis and robust design methods for systems with probabilistic components. Examples are taken from electro-mechanical disciplines.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'SYDE', '003154', 'GRD', 'Pattern Recognition', 'Pattern recognition addresses the problem of detecting and classifying patterns in data, a process of machine perception in which objects are assigned to classes to which they are most similar. This course introduces the three modern approaches to pattern recognition: statistical, structural and neural. Specific topics include distance and probability based approaches in multidimensional feature spaces, feature extraction, clustering and performance measures; pattern grammars, syntax analysis and grammatical inference; connectionist models, pattern associators, back propagation and self-organizing networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677', 'SYDE', '003156', 'GRD', 'Medical Imaging', 'This course introduces the fundamental concepts for medical imaging which include medical image formation (X-ray, CT, MRI, sonography); storage and formats (DICOM, DICOM RT, PACS); visualization, detection and analysis (enhancement, segmentation, registration, compression); safety and regulations for imaging devices & software (IEEE standards, Health Canada Licensing, FDA Clearance).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SYDE', '003163', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mathematics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SYDE', '003173', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Computation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SYDE', '003183', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Societal-Environmental Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'SYDE', '003199', 'GRD', 'Topics in Systems Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'SYDE', '003209', 'GRD', 'Topics in Engineering Design', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'SYDE', '003214', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Communication and Information Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SYDE', '003224', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Engineering Sciences', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'AFM', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts & Business, Environment & Business, Sci & Business, Hon Rec & Leisure Studies, Hon Rec & Business, Hon Biotechnology/Economics, Human Resources Management, or Management Studies stdnts. Antireq: AFM 101,102,121, BUS 127W/227W,247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ARBUS', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: AFM 101, 102, BUS 127W/227W, 247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131', 'AFM', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ARBUS', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AFM', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'LS', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'AFM', '003253', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 1', 'A first course in intermediate accounting dealing with the theory and practice of financial statement preparation and reporting. The emphasis will be on asset valuation and the related impact on income measurement.', 'Prereq: AFM 101 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'AFM', '003257', 'UG', 'Financial Instruments and Capital Markets', 'This course is the second in a two-course sequence which offers an overview of global capital markets. The course focuses on valuation of financial instruments and the theories of financial risk and diversification.', 'Prereq: AFM 121; AFM 113 or STAT 211; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 272/ACTSC 291, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'AFM', '003258', 'UG', 'Introduction to Corporate Finance', 'This course is the first in a two-course sequence that deals with corporate financial decision-making. Topics may include capital budgeting, cost of capital, security issuance, capital structure, payout policy and dividends, and short-term finance.', 'Prereq: AFM 273; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ACTSC 372, AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'AFM', '003260', 'UG', 'Cost Management Systems', 'Consideration of more complex topics in management planning and control. Emphasis is on traditional and contemporary cost accumulation systems and their application in modern day organizations. Cases, simulations, projects, and presentations are the key instructional methods used to understand and integrate the course material. At the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of how the correct choice of a costing model adds value to the organization. [Note: Formerly AFM 481]', 'Prereq: AFM 102 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'AFM', '003261', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 2', 'This is an intermediate financial accounting course that deals with problems related to the measurement of liabilities, measurement of income, and the reporting and measuring of corporate equities.', 'Prereq: AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'AFM', '003262', 'UG', 'Accounting Theory', 'A review of accounting theory as a background for applying underlying concepts to current accounting problems. Emphasis is on current literature, with a major term paper required.', 'Prereq: AFM 391 or AFM 491; Accounting and Financial Management,\nBiotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial\nManagement, or Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'AFM', '003265', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'A course offered from time to time on a significant accounting and financial management issue. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'AFM', '003269', 'UG', 'Business Strategy', 'This course focuses on strategic management of the total enterprise. Managers contribute to the organization through their analytical and leadership capabilities as well as their technical expertise. The course provides a framework for developing and implementing strategy that fits the firm''s environment, managerial values, and organization.', 'Prereq: (AFM 274 or AFM 272/ACTSC 291) and AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ENBUS 302', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'AFM', '003273', 'UG', 'Accounting Information Systems', 'Examines the planning, requirements analysis, acquisition, and evaluation of information systems, with an emphasis on accounting information systems. Introduces information systems assurance concepts, and considers the role of information technology in the improvement of business performance.', 'Prereq: Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: CS 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AFM', '003275', 'UG', 'Audit Strategy', 'An examination of elements of audit strategy and their interrelationships, including financial assertions, types and sources of audit assurance, and evidence-gathering procedures within a framework of professional judgment. [Note: Formerly AFM 351]', 'Prereq: AFM 291, AFM 341; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'AFM', '003284', 'UG', 'Equity Investments', 'This course addresses principles of equity investments, including risk and return relationships, fundamental analysis of equities based on macroeconomic, industry and company-specific factors, financial statement analysis, and technical analysis. Portfolio allocation, performance measurement, and ethical and professional standards in the investment profession are also covered.', 'Prereq: One of AFM 272/ACTSC 291, AFM 273, ACTSC 372, ECON 371. Antireq: BUS 473W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'AFM', '003285', 'UG', 'Advanced Financial Accounting', 'An advanced accounting course considering specific problems of accounting for the corporate entity, such as business combinations, intercorporate investments, consolidated financial statements, accounting for foreign operations and foreign currency transactions, and segment reporting.', 'Prereq: AFM 391; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ACTSC', '003290', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics (Non-Specialist Level)', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount; annuities and sinking funds with practical applications to mortgage and bond questions. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Actuarial Science students. Antireq: ACTSC 231; (For Mathematics students only - CIVE 292/392)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ACTSC', '003293', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount including the theoretical continuous case of forces of interest and discount. Annuities and sinking funds, including the continuous case. Practical and theoretical applications primarily to mortgages and bonds. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 137 or 147 and (STAT 220 with a grade of at least 70% or a corequisite of STAT 230 or 240); Level at least 2A; Not open to students who have received credit for ACTSC 232. Antireq: ACTSC 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'ACTSC', '003294', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 1', 'The future lifetime random variable: probability and survival functions; force of mortality; complete and curtate expectation of life; Makeham and Gompertz mortality laws. Life tables: characteristics of population and insurance life tables; selection; fractional age assumptions. Life insurance payments and annuity payments: present value random variables; expected present values; higher moments; actuarial notation. Annual, 1/mthly and continuous cases. Relationships between insurance and annuity functions. Premiums: expense loadings. Present value of future loss random variables and distribution, net and gross cases. Equivalence principle. Portfolio percentile principle. Extra risks. [Note: Students who have met the ELPE requirement must contact their ACTSC advisor. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (At least 60% in ACTSC 231) and (STAT 230 or 240) and (at least 60% in MTHEL 131). Not open to students who received credit for ACTSC 331.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'ACTSC', '003295', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 2', 'Policy Values: Annual, 1/mthly, and continuous cases. Thiele''s equation. Modified premium policy values. Multiple state models: applications in life contingencies; assumptions; Kolmogorov equations; premiums, policy values, multiple decrement models. Joint life models: valuation of insurance benefits on joint lives, dependent and independent cases. [Note: Some of the material covered in STAT 333 reinforces some of the concepts covered in this course. Therefore students might find it beneficial to take STAT 333 and ACTSC 331 at the same time. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 232 with a grade of at least 60%; Actuarial Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ACTSC', '003299', 'UG', 'Introduction to Property and Casualty Loss Reserving', 'An introduction to property/casualty loss reserving techniques. Claim payment process. Chain-ladder methods. Stochastic models.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, (STAT 331 or 371 or 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ACTSC', '003300', 'UG', 'Casualty and Health Insurance Mathematics 1', 'Models for loss frequency: Poisson, negative binomial, binomial, (a, b, 0) class; models for loss severity including exponential, gamma, lognormal, Pareto, and Weibull; impact of policy adjustments on loss frequency and severity; estimation; compound Poisson models; aggregate claims models: properties, recursion, simulation, and pricing; deterministic reserving methods: chain ladder and Bornhuetter Ferguson; introduction to reinsurance. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only. Coreq: STAT 330. Antireq: ACTSC 431 (taken in or before spring 2020).', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'ACTSC', '003301', 'UG', 'Property and Casualty Insurance: Pricing', 'Introduction to ratemaking; rating factors; insurance pricing using generalized linear models; experience rating; credibility theory: Bayesian, Buhlmann, and Buhlmann-Straub; empirical Bayes parameter estimation. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, STAT 330, (one of STAT 331, 371, 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ACTSC', '003302', 'UG', 'Longevity and Mortality Using Predictive Analytics', 'Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen estimators for survival functions. Kernel density models. Validation of mortality tables. Estimators for Markov multiple state transition intensities. Longevity models, including deterministic and stochastic models such as Lee-Carter and Cairns-Blake-Dowd. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331, STAT 330; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ACTSC', '003305', 'UG', 'Mathematics of Financial Markets', 'This course covers mathematical techniques for no-arbitrage pricing and hedging financial derivatives. Topics to be covered can be classified into three broad areas: derivatives markets (options; forwards and futures; other derivatives; put-call parity), discrete-time financial models (binomial models; general multi-period models; Fundamental Theorems of Asset Pricing; risk-neutral probability), and continuous-time financial models (basic stochastic calculus and Itô''s lemma; Black-Scholes model; interest rate models and bond pricing). [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391 or (ACTSC 231, 371) or ACTSC 372 or BUS 393W), (STAT 333 or 334); ACTSC, Math/FARM, Math Fin, STAT students only. Antireq: AFM 322, BUS 423W, ECON 372, MATBUS 470', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ACTSC', '003308', 'UG', 'Basic Pension Mathematics', 'Theory and practice of pension plan funding. Assumptions, basic actuarial functions, and population theory applied to private pensions. Concepts of normal costs, supplemental liability, unfunded liability arising from individual accrued benefit, and projected benefit cost methods.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AMATH', '003316', 'UG', 'Calculus 4', 'Vector integral calculus-line integrals, surface integrals and vector fields, Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem, and Stokes'' theorem. Applications include conservation laws, fluid flow and electromagnetic fields. An introduction to Fourier analysis. Fourier series and the Fourier transform. Parseval''s formula. Frequency analysis of signals. Discrete and continuous spectra. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 217, 227', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'AMATH', '003317', 'UG', 'Introduction to Differential Equations', 'Physical systems which lead to differential equations (examples include mechanical vibrations, population dynamics, and mixing processes). Dimensional analysis and dimensionless variables. Solving linear differential equations: first- and second-order scalar equations and first-order vector equations. Laplace transform methods of solving differential equations. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112) and (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148). Antireq: AMATH 251, 350, MATH 218, 228', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'PHYS', '003320', 'UG', 'Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity', 'Newtonian dynamics of particles and systems of particles. Oscillations. Gravity and the central force problem. Lorentz transformations and relativistic dynamics. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Antireq: AMATH 261, 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'AMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'AMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'PMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PMATH', '003325', 'UG', 'Differential Geometry', 'Submanifolds of Euclidean n-space; vector fields and differential forms; integration on submanifolds and Stokes''s Theorem; metrics and geodesics; Gauss-Bonnet Theorem.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (MATH 237 or 247)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'AMATH', '003328', 'UG', 'Discrete Models in Applied Mathematics', 'Difference equations and discrete dynamical systems. Mathematical models are taken from ecology, biology, economics, and other fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'AMATH', '003329', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations 2', 'Second order linear differential equations with non-constant coefficients, Sturm comparison, oscillation and separation theorems, series solutions and special functions. Linear vector differential equations in Rn, an introduction to dynamical systems. Laplace transforms applied to linear vector differential equations, transfer functions, the convolution theorem. Perturbation methods for differential equations. Numerical methods for differential equations. Applications are discussed throughout. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 250 or 251 and MATH 237 or 247; Level at least 3A. Antireq: AMATH 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'AMATH', '003330', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 1', 'Second order linear partial differential equations - the diffusion equation, wave equation, and Laplace''s equation. Methods of solution - separation of variables and eigenfunction expansions, the Fourier transform. Physical interpretation of solutions in terms of diffusion, waves and steady states. First order non-linear partial differential equations and the method of characteristics. Applications are emphasized throughout. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (one of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228). Antireq: AMATH 350, PHYS 364', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'AMATH', '003331', 'UG', 'Continuum Mechanics', 'Stress and strain tensors; analysis of stress and strain. Lagrangian and Eulerian methods for describing flow. Equations of continuity, motion and energy, constitutive equations. Navier-Stokes equation. Basic equations of elasticity. Various applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263). Coreq: AMATH 351 and (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('373', 'AMATH', '003338', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 1', 'Critical experiments and old quantum theory. Basic concepts of quantum mechanics: observables, wavefunctions, Hamiltonians, and the Schroedinger equation. Uncertainty, correspondence, and superposition principles. Simple applications to finite and extended one-dimensional systems, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor, and hydrogen atom. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263) and PHYS 234. Antireq: PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PMATH', '003348', 'UG', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory Extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, Lp-spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450 with a grade of at least 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PMATH', '003349', 'UG', 'Functional Analysis', 'Banach and Hilbert spaces, bounded linear maps, Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping theorem, closed graph theorem, topologies, nets, Hausdorff spaces, Tietze extension theorem, dual spaces, weak topologies, Tychonoff''s theorem, Banach-Alaoglu theorem, reflexive spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PMATH', '003350', 'UG', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Prereq: PMATH 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'CS', '003352', 'UG', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modeling', 'The interaction of financial models, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for the Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Students who receive a good grade in CS 335 may contact the instructor of CS 476 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 242/CS 371 or CS 370) and STAT 231/241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AMATH', '003354', 'UG', 'Introduction to Dynamical Systems', 'A unified view of linear and nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations in Rn. Flow operators and their classification: contractions, expansions, hyperbolic flows. Stable and unstable manifolds. Phase-space analysis. Nonlinear systems, stability of equilibria and Lyapunov functions. The special case of flows in the plane, Poincare-Bendixson theorem and limit cycles. Applications to physical problems will be a motivating influence. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'AMATH', '003355', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 2', 'A thorough discussion of the class of second order linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients, in two independent variables. Laplace''s equation, the wave equation and the heat equation in higher dimensions. Theoretical/qualitative aspects: well-posed problems, maximum principles for elliptic and parabolic equations, continuous dependence results, uniqueness results (including consideration of unbounded domains), domain of dependence for hyperbolic equations. Solution procedures: elliptic equations -- Green functions, conformal mapping; hyperbolic equations -- generalized d''Alembert solution, spherical means, method of descent; transform methods -- Fourier, multiple Fourier, Laplace, Hankel (for all three types of partial differential equations); Duhamel''s method for inhomogeneous hyperbolic and parabolic equations. [Note: Offered in the fall of odd years.]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351 and 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'AMATH', '003356', 'UG', 'Control Theory', 'Feedback control with applications. System theory in both time and frequency domain, state-space computations, stability, system uncertainty, loopshaping, linear quadratic regulators, and estimation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH/PMATH 332 or PMATH 352) and AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'AMATH', '003357', 'UG', 'Calculus of Variations', 'Concept of functional and its variations. The solution of problems using variational methods - the Euler-Lagrange equations. Applications include an introduction to Hamilton''s principle and optimal control. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247 and (One of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228); Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'AMATH', '003359', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Incompressible, irrotational flow. Incompressible viscous flow. Introduction to wave motion and geophysical fluid mechanics. Elements of compressible flow. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364) and AMATH 361.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'AMATH', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PHYS', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'AMATH', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 231 or MATH 227) and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263); Level at least 4A Honours Mathematics or Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'PHYS', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; AMATH 231 or MATH 227; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'AMATH', '003382', 'UG', 'Reading Course', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Not open to General Mathematics students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ANTH', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CLAS', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ANTH', '003399', 'UG', 'Social and Cultural Anthropology', 'This course introduces students to the history and key concepts of social and cultural anthropology through the examination of classic works as well as contemporary ethnographic texts and films. Topics include anthropological approaches to understanding cultural identity and difference, social structure, kinship, politics, and exchange.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'ANTH', '003401', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of North America', 'This course examines past Indigenous lifeways in North America north of Mexico from the time of earliest settlement to contact with Europeans. It provides a broad survey of space-time systematics as well as conceptual, methodological, and ethical issues relevant to study of the North American archaeological record. [Note: Formerly ANTH 203]', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221. Antireq: ANTH 203', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'ANTH', '003422', 'UG', 'Inuit Cultures', 'An examination of Inuit and Eskimo cultures of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland from their prehistoric origins to the present. Administrative systems imposed upon the Inuit and Eskimo will be analyzed and compared, as will the contemporary problems these communities face.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('290', 'ANTH', '003432', 'UG', 'Visual Anthropology', 'This course examines relations between culture and vision, the history of photography in anthropological research, and ethnographic film and its ethical implications. Topics include the roles of museums and representation, indigenous media, advocacy, and activism.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ANTH', '003433', 'UG', 'Practicing Anthropology', 'Thinking anthropologically means bringing observations and empirical findings into a dialogue with theoretical approaches. This course explores how anthropologists have developed the methods they use, considers how they interpret their findings through such lenses as functionalism and structuralism, and examines how they formulate critiques of fieldwork.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ANTH', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'RS', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'ANTH', '003445', 'UG', 'Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology', 'Detailed consideration of prehistoric cultural developments from earliest toolmaking to the transition to agriculture. An examination of the human mode of adaptation and the increasing complexity of cultural systems among prehistoric hunters and gatherers. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ANTH', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'CLAS', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ANTH', '003448', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of the Great Lakes Area', 'An in-depth study of the archaeological evidence for prehistoric cultures in the Great Lakes area from their arrival ca. 11,000 years ago to the coming of Europeans. Cultural ecology and cultural evolution will be stressed.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ANTH', '003452', 'UG', 'Environmental Anthropology', 'This course examines the relationships between environments and human societies, focusing on the nature/culture divide and social and economic organization. Topics may include politics and practice, the influence of globalization, and regional perspectives.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ANTH', '003460', 'UG', 'Directed Research in Anthropology', 'This course provides selected students with an opportunity to work (up to a maximum of eight hours per week over one term) as apprentices with a specific instructor on a research project in which the instructor is currently engaged. [Note: This is a non-paid position and may not be combined with sponsored research positions. Previous or external research experiences will not meet the criteria for this course. This course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'ANTH', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'GSJ', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ANTH', '003466', 'UG', 'Human Evolution', 'This course reviews the evolutionary history of humans. It includes an examination of the hominin fossil record, evidence from genetic analyses, and behavioural inferences that have been drawn from nonhuman primate models. Emphasis is placed on the process of knowledge production and interpretation, and the representation of human evolution in the public realm.', 'Prereq: ANTH 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ANTH', '003473', 'UG', 'Reading in Anthropology', 'Student-initiated independent research on a selected topic. A high standard of written work is required. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ANTH', '003475', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Anthropology', 'Analysis of a special topic in anthropology, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times. Formerly ANTH 400.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'ANTH', '003489', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'ANTH', '003490', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'ARCH', '003492', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 1', 'Introduction to the use of graphic media in architecture. Students will engage in exercises in drawing using various media, acquire digital skills, and develop fluency in diverse forms of architectural presentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('113', 'ARCH', '003494', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 2', 'Introduction to computing techniques in architecture. Students will be instructed in the conceptual foundations for computer use in architecture, graphic applications for the computer and skills for two-dimensional drawing, three-dimensional modelling and graphic techniques for visualization and portfolio development. Students will gain fluency in a range of software applications for the purposes of developing technical and visual proficiencies to be integrated into the design process. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('142', 'ARCH', '003496', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cultural History', 'This course will introduce cultural history and the ethical dimension of the role architects play. Localizing the realities of modernity as an enduring cultural force and a global economy on one hand, with global threats to the future of humankind on the other. This course will explore the commonality of human experience, the interdependence of humans, and the natural environment. By considering narratives, artefacts, and buildings, this course will present how architecture and other cultural creations intersect with issues of race, gender, and identity, within a range of spiritual, social, political, and environmental contexts. Through orientation, disorientation, and reorientation, this course introduces human constructs and environmental conditions from a variety of perspectives such as location, foundation, habituation, accommodation, exile, and displacement. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('143', 'ARCH', '003497', 'UG', 'Settlements, Sanctuaries, and Cities', 'This course introduces buildings, cultural practices, and worldviews of nomadic and sedentary societies across a broad range of geographies and periods. Beginning with the earliest shrines and cities that appear in the Middle East, the Far East, and India, and exploring settlements in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas up to the year 1000CE. This course examines the origins of sacred and civic architectures in the landscapes and environments in which they emerge, moving across continents to recognize patterns of life, concepts of order and conduct, symbols, rituals, and myths embodied in our building practices and settlement patterns. Analysis in this course foregrounds the relationships to the lands that inform cultures, the formation and movement of societies, their temporary and permanent constructions, looking at the ecological and social bearings of cities as spaces of power, sanctuary, and exchange. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 142', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'ARCH', '003498', 'UG', 'Principles of Structures', 'Fundamental concepts of mechanics and structures, as related to architectural design, study of loading conditions, forces, moments, systems of forces, conditions of equilibrium for two- and three-dimensional structures, centre of gravity of loads and areas, bar forces in trusses, simple frame analysis, moment of inertia. Concepts of simple stress and strain; shear and bending moments in simple beams; shear and moment diagrams, qualitative deflected shapes, flexural and shearing stresses, deflection calculations; compression members; Euler''s formula. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 163', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('172', 'ARCH', '003500', 'UG', 'Building Construction 1', 'A focus on the construction of small-scale buildings will introduce the fundamentals of building construction demonstrating relationships between contemporary design and material selections. Design development practices will reference; regulatory frameworks, building science, soils, foundations, light wood construction, engineered wood, masonry (brick, concrete block, load bearing, veneer systems), shallow foundations, residential codes, barrier free design. [Note: Field trip fee: $20. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('174', 'ARCH', '003501', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192', 'ARCH', '003502', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of the means to appreciate the art and science of building; introduction to the study of theories of architecture; development of skills in graphic communication; introduction to a study of building elements; promotion of the application of theory in the practice of design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Field trip cost $300-$450. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('193', 'ARCH', '003503', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Further development of basic skills, and the application of theory and design in small scale architectural design projects. Introduction to issues of inhabitation, program, and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ARCH', '003512', 'UG', 'Architecture of the Urban Environment', 'An introduction to the structure and form of urban environments as understood through the urban architecture. The forces that determine the creation and development of urban places will be examined. Topics include the plan as a generative form, urban building types, urban morphology, and the shape of the public realm, infrastructure as both system and architectural object, nature and the park, and real estate and development controls. Of special interest will be analyses of the suburb, and urban master plans. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Architecture students or Honours Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'ARCH', '003515', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 600-1600', 'This course presents encounters across peoples, worldviews, belief systems, and empires, following the movement of ideas, practices, and objects to consider significant cultural transformations resulting from conflictual or peaceful interactions. From Indigenous civilizations and imperial dynasties, to sites of economic, political, and religious encounters such as the Silk Road or the Crusades. This course thematically presents creative works across all continents and includes proto-capitalist and proto-colonial phenomena. Representational, material, and spatial practices studied range from visual and oral discourses, drawing, mapping, printing, land markings, places of burials, worship, and teachings, as well as the organization of cities, landscapes, and territories, all studied as windows into ways of knowing, patterns of life and relationships to the land. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 143', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('173', 'ARCH', '003520', 'UG', 'Building Construction 2', 'Focusing on the construction of medium-to large-scale buildings examines relationships between design development, and the building science, and construction practices of structural systems and enclosures. Case studies and projects will be used to investigate steel framing systems (traditional, long span, architectural exposed structural steel [AESS]); reinforced, precast, fibre reinforced and prestressed concrete construction; heavy timber construction (traditional, glulam, cross laminated timber [CLT]); deep foundations; building envelopes (curtain wall, window walls, glazing, insulation strategies, and roofing systems); fire protective design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 172', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'ARCH', '003521', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('276', 'ARCH', '003529', 'UG', 'Timber: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural timber systems. Topics such as flexural, compression and truss members, connections, and plywood construction are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of ARCH 260, ARCH 262, CIVE 204 or 205', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'ARCH', '003530', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('285', 'ARCH', '003531', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ARCH', '003532', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The exploration of design as a thinking process through the medium of small scale design projects. The development and analysis of architectural propositions concerning personal space within the context of a larger community. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required two-day field trip, cost range $150-$200. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 193', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'ARCH', '003533', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Design involving problems of human perception and dimension in more complex environments, and dealing with issues of public and private space. Development of skills in analysis and programming, and further exploration of questions of siting and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Estimated field trip cost $400-$500. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 292', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ARCH', '003535', 'UG', 'Architectural Theory 1850-1990', 'Beginning with the introduction of important theories of architecture in vogue prior to 1850, this course examines texts, movements, buildings, projects, and urban proposals of the period in order to understand the structure of contemporary architectural theory.', 'Prereq: ARCH 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('248', 'ARCH', '003536', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 1600-1914', 'This course critically examines the period from the 17th century to the first years of the 20th century, studying revolutions in science, agriculture, and industry, and considering the social, political, and economic changes engendered globally in their wake. Selected works from philosophy, literature, the arts, architecture, landscape, and city design reveal complex social and political upheavals. The increasing influence of technology, and the power struggles around access to and extraction of the globe''s resources. Topics considered include the birth of industrial nations driven by Enlightenment reason, science and the emancipative promise of political liberty, as well as the fall of that early idealism with the realities of capitalism, colonialism, racism, and the destruction of the natural environment. Considering encounters between people, as well as between people and the earth, this course studies both the promises and shadows of the complex global society that emerges in this time. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 246', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ARCH', '003539', 'UG', 'Steel and Concrete: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural steel and concrete systems. Topics such as tension, flexural, and compression members; and connections are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 262 or (ARCH 260 and ARCH 276)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('126', 'ARCH', '003541', 'UG', 'Environmental Building Design', 'An introduction to environmental design practices leading to low carbon design. Topics of discussion include passive heating and cooling, solar geometry, climate and meteorological influences, microclimate, site design, daylighting, active systems, embodied energy, sustainable rating systems, sustainable design philosophies such as cradle to cradle, biomimicry and design for disassembly. Energy-related issues will be addressed and energy-based software design programs will be introduced. Understanding the role of design in an energy efficient or passive solar building will be a central learning outcome. [Note: Field trip fee: $15. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 226', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'ARCH', '003545', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ARCH', '003549', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'ARCH', '003554', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'ARCH', '003555', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ARCH', '003556', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of design skills and theoretical knowledge through their application in projects involving various building types in urban situations. Emphasis is placed upon issues of materiality and technology in architectural design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required four to five day field trip, cost $400-$500. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 293', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'ARCH', '003557', 'UG', 'Option Design Studio', 'This design studio is subdivided into distinct studio sections, each of which provides a specific platform for advanced research and design presented within the context of a topic or set of issues to be explored in relation to a specific design project, program and site. These studios range in both scale and scope, traversing an array of academic investigations, design hypotheses, research agendas, interdisciplinary explorations, and pedagogical intentions. These topics foreground the disciplinary arenas within architecture in the areas of architectural theory, media, technology, urbanism, and landscape. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ARCH', '003559', 'UG', 'Italian Urban History (Rome)', 'The course provides a survey of the history of settlement and urban form on the Italian peninsula from antiquity to the present day. In it the influences upon the structure of public and private space are outlined for each historical period. These include constants such as geography and climate, but more especially the factors that induce and manifest change: politics, warfare, economics, social structure, the arts and theory. [Note: Course fee: $550.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'ARCH', '003561', 'UG', 'Rome and the Campagna (Rome)', 'History of settlement and building in Rome and the surrounding area from antiquity to the present. Acts of design in architecture, urban form and landscape related to political, cultural and spiritual authority of Rome. Comparison drawn between the image of the city, represented in literature and art, and the material facts of the place. Field trips, lecture. [Note: Course fee: Required travel fee applies to this course, please contact the Architecture Student Services Co-ordinator for current fees. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('449', 'ARCH', '003562', 'UG', 'The Development of Modern Italian Architecture (Rome)', 'The course addresses the issues of architecture and urbanism in Rome and Italy from 1750 to the present. It explores the relationship between cultural, political, and artistic phenomena such as Futurism, Novecento, and Rationalism, that anticipate and create modernism in Italy. [Note: Two one-day field trips, estimated cost $60.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ARCH', '003567', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ARCH', '003571', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'ARCH', '003575', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'ARCH', '003577', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'ARCH', '003579', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The studio course is mounted in Rome, Italy, with the school''s own faculty and premises, and offers a unique opportunity to undertake design studies in a truly rich architectural heritage. The main focus is the nature of the institution and its relationship to the city and its culture. Students participating in the Rome term are expected to defray the costs of travel, accommodation, and food. For students unable to study in Rome, an alternative studio is offered in Cambridge. It presents similar design projects and theoretical questions in a North American context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'ARCH', '003581', 'UG', 'Design Studio/Comprehensive Building Design', 'This studio represents a culmination of the pre-professional degree, through the integration and application of skills and knowledge to a complex building project. Students will develop designs to a high level of detail. A concern for technical material, environmental, and legal aspects of architecture will support open speculation and innovative design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'ARTS', '003610', 'UG', 'Quest for Meaning in the Modern World', 'This course invites students on a quest for meaning in the context of a time in which traditional meanings and definitions have been challenged by rapidly-shifting cultural and religious values.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'ARTS', '003628', 'UG', 'Studies in Ideas', 'A course consisting of a series of lectures and tutorials on specific topics dealing with important ideas in the humanities, social sciences, fine and performing arts, and languages and cultures. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'BIOL', '003651', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy', 'This course takes a systems approach to study the structure of the human body and its relationship to function. [Formerly BIOL 301; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'BIOL', '003654', 'UG', 'Introductory Zoology', 'A study of the functional morphology of selected animals with special emphasis on the various grades of organization and development in the different phyla. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'BIOL', '003655', 'UG', 'Introductory Vertebrate Zoology', 'An introduction to the structure, evolution and development of vertebrate organ systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'BIOL', '003657', 'UG', 'Introduction to Plant Structure and Function', 'A brief introduction to plant diversity, and the anatomy and physiology of vascular plants. The course will include a description of major cell and tissue types, and their organization in roots, stems, and leaves. Topics such as the processes of water and ion uptake, photosynthesis, long distance transport, and growth regulation will also be covered. [Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'BIOL', '003665', 'UG', 'Genetics', 'Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal mechanisms in mitosis and meiosis. The origin, inheritance and adaptive significance of chromosomal changes. Nucleic acids as the carriers of genetic information. Natural selection and the evolution of genetic systems. [Formerly BIOL 139. Offered: W,S; online F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'BIOL', '003667', 'UG', 'Introduction to Applied Microbiology', 'Introduction to microbial ecology, environmental microbiology, food microbiology, and medical microbiology. Topics in environmental microbiology include biogeochemical cycling and biological treatment of wastes and pollutants. Topics in medical microbiology include concepts of immunology and host-parasite relationships. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240 and 140/240L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'BIOL', '003668', 'UG', 'Organismal and Evolutionary Ecology', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the basic principles of Scientific Reasoning, Ecology and Evolution. Coverage includes hypothesis testing and the nature of scientific inquiry, basic population genetics, physiological ecology, life histories, dispersal, basic population and community ecology, macroevolution, systematics and classification, as well as functional morphology. [Formerly BIOL 250. Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'BIOL', '003669', 'UG', 'Principles of Human Physiology 1', 'The physiology of major organ systems of the human body. Topics include neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system, muscle, the cardiovascular system, the components of blood, respiratory system, and immune system. The combination of BIOL 273 and BIOL 373 covers all of the major topics of human physiology. [Note: BIOL 373L may be required for entrance to certain professional/graduate programs. Offered: F, W and online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'BIOL', '003673', 'UG', 'Functional Histology', 'A hierarchical approach to biological structure with an emphasis on functional morphology. Starting with the cell, the fundamental unit of structure and function, the material progressively develops how cells organize to form tissues such as epithelium, connective tissue and muscle. Emphasis on how these tissue building blocks cooperate to form the major organs and organ systems of the human body. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'BIOL', '003674', 'UG', 'Introductory Developmental Biology and Embryology', 'Fundamental processes and concepts in embryonic development including the acquisition of multicellularity, organization of the early embryo, morphogenesis of tissues, major organ systems, fetal membranes, growth, differentiation, and analysis of common developmental defects. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 139/239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'BIOL', '003675', 'UG', 'Invertebrate Zoology', 'The diversity of invertebrate animals will be explored in this class. Topics covered will include reproduction, development, life history, feeding, locomotion, and behaviour. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'BIOL', '003680', 'UG', 'Plant Physiology', 'A study of plant physiological processes with an emphasis on the role of key metabolic pathways in plant growth and development. Topics such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, growth regulators, mineral nutrition, water relations, and stress physiology will be covered. [Offered in Fall of odd years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'BIOL', '003685', 'UG', 'Advanced Cell Biology', 'The functional organization of cells with particular reference to cell-cell interaction, the structure, function and development of organelles and the biological roles of cellular membranes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308 or 309; CHEM 233 or 237; (BIOL 308 or BIOL 309) and co-req CHEM 233 or CHEM 237 for Science and Business/Biotechnology Specialization or Honours Biotechnology/Economics or CS Honours Bioinformatics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'BIOL', '003691', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 1', 'Molecular biotechnology applies the principles of recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering, gene cloning) to the development of commercial products. The methods of recombinant DNA technology, molecular diagnostic systems for detecting diseases and transgenic organisms will be discussed. [Note: Recommended prerequisite BIOL 241. It is recommended that BIOL 342 be taken after completion of second year. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, BIOL 208/309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'BIOL', '003694', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology 1', 'An introduction to the basic theories, principles and techniques of environmental toxicology. A comparative study of the effects of specific groups of toxicants on ecosystems; biodegradation and cycling. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 102, CHEM 120, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'BIOL', '003696', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Environmental Aspects', 'A comparative study of salt and water balance, circulation, respiratory systems, nitrogenous excretion, and mechanisms of energy acquisition and metabolism in animals. Adaptations to different environments will be emphasized. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'BIOL', '003697', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Evolutionary Themes', 'A comparative study of neural, sensory, endocrine, digestive, and reproductive strategies across animal taxa. The emphasis will be on evolutionary themes at the organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477L', 'BIOL', '003698', 'UG', 'Techniques in Animal Physiology', 'Laboratory exercises and computer-based data collection to study the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, digestive, and excretory systems of vertebrates and invertebrate animals. Students will learn animal handling techniques, data collection with state of the art physiological equipment, and data analysis using computer software. Tutorials will allow students to investigate and discuss current animal physiology research topics in greater detail. [Formerly BIOL 374L. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: BIOL 370, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'BIOL', '003701', 'UG', 'Advanced Topics in Developmental Biology', 'This course explores the cellular and molecular basis of developmental phenomena in animals. Lectures will emphasize the experimental basis for both historical and contemporary knowledge with a focus on the major developmental systems in model organisms. Course content will concentrate on themes that permeate current published research. [Note: BIOL 208/309 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'BIOL', '003713', 'UG', 'Phycology', 'Algae and applied uses of algae. Topics include examination of algal groups from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Uses of algae in industry and food as well as negative impacts of various algal groups. [Notes: Offered in odd numbered years. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'BIOL', '003716', 'UG', 'Plant Molecular Genetics', 'An examination of the current molecular techniques used to study plant development physiology. Topics include mutant isolation, transcript and metabolite profiling, gene silencing and protein localization. [Note: BIOL 120 is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'BIOL', '003718', 'UG', 'Bacterial Molecular Genetics', 'Bacterial molecular biology with an emphasis on the use of genetic tools to study the biology of microorganisms. Topics include mutagenesis, conjugation, recombination, gene regulation, plasmids, transposons, bacteriophage and genomics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'BIOL', '003720', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 2', 'How recombinant DNA technology is used to produce vaccines, pharmaceuticals, crop plants, and other commercial products will be discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'BIOL', '003721', 'UG', 'Plant Biotechnology', 'Biotechnological approaches and their applications in plant genetic manipulation, transformation and cell culture for plant improvement, propagation, and biochemical production. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130, 239; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'BIOL', '003722', 'UG', 'Human Molecular Genetics', 'Recent advances in human molecular genetics will be examined with emphasis on how human disease-causing genes are mapped, identified, isolated and characterized. Examples will draw from research on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington disease, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer disease, cancer, vision defects and other disorders. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'BIOL', '003724', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology Techniques', 'Selected experiments to provide students with a range of laboratory skills in recombinant DNA technology. [Note: Students in the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Specialization are encouraged to take this course unless they have previous laboratory experience involving molecular biology techniques. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 240L. Coreq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'BIOL', '003727', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology of Animal Development', 'An examination of the current major issues in the regulation of gene expression during animal development with emphasis on technical and conceptual advances. Current research literature will be reviewed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'BIOL', '003728', 'UG', 'Environmental and Natural Products Biochemistry', 'This course deals with the functions, distribution and environmental ramifications of natural compounds produced by plants and other biological systems. Natural products are those compounds usually described as secondary metabolites, i.e. those apparently non-essential products whose physiological and ecological functions are either obscure or are of peripheral importance to the organism. However, many of these non-essential products have profound competitive, economic and pharmacological significance; and as research proceeds, their physiological roles within the parent organisms are becoming clearer. As well, this course has a strong emphasis on how environmental chemical and physical processes impact on living organisms and their biochemistry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233 or 237; CHEM 264 or 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'BIOL', '003730', 'UG', 'Advances in Immunology', 'A survey of the recent advances in the vertebrate immune response; the cells and tissues of the lymphoid system; humoral and cell-mediated immunity; initiation and regulation of the immune response; the immune system and disease, emerging techniques used in immunology. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'BIOL', '003731', 'UG', 'Virology', 'A survey of viral structures, life cycles, and the interactions of viruses with their hosts. The laboratory component will include procedures used for viral detection and titration, as well as individual library research projects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241,308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('443', 'BIOL', '003732', 'UG', 'Fermentation Biotechnology', 'Biology of industrial micro-organisms: fermentation systems; fermentation raw materials; downstream processing; biomass production; food fermentations; production of industrial chemicals, food additives, enzymes and other products by fermentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'BIOL', '003733', 'UG', 'Bacterial Pathogenesis', 'A study of the bacteria involved in pathogenesis, their mode of infection, symptoms and prevention of diseases. The laboratory will focus on identification of bacterial isolates. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'BIOL', '003734', 'UG', 'Microorganisms in Foods', 'Food preservation, spoilage, poisoning and modern concepts in quality assurance programs are studied. The aim is to understand factors governing microbial changes in foods. Problem solving in the food industry is emphasized. Laboratory work will reflect current practices in quality control and testing. [Note: Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'BIOL', '003735', 'UG', 'Microbial Ecology and Diversity', 'Examples from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and plant- and animal-associated environments, will be used to illustrate the activities and diversity of microorganisms in these habitats. The importance of the ecological roles of microbes to aspects of agriculture, geochemistry, human biology, and the biology of extreme environments will be considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'BIOL', '003736', 'UG', 'Environmental Microbiology', 'A study of the environmental impact of microorganisms. Aspects of pollution, waste treatment, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, and nutrient cycling will be examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('448', 'BIOL', '003737', 'UG', 'Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry', 'A study of the physiology of microorganisms. Provides biochemical- and molecular-level detail on the diverse structures and metabolic functions of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal cells. Aspects of microbial growth, nutrition, and metabolism are examined in the context of how microorganisms develop diverse solutions for meeting essential requirements for life. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'BIOL', '003739', 'UG', 'Marine Biology', 'Ecological processes and evolutionary adaptation are explored in the world''s largest and most diverse ecosystems. The major ocean habitats will be characterized, stressing their importance as resources, moderators of climate and reservoirs of biodiversity. [Notes: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'BIOL', '003740', 'UG', 'Aquatic Ecology', 'Study of the structure and function of lake and stream ecosystems. The course emphasizes biological components and processes, but includes the origin and nature of lake and stream systems and the fundamentals of surface water chemistry and physics. Human influences, management options and current issues will be examined with readings and project work. [Note: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150; One of BIOL 110, 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'BIOL', '003741', 'UG', 'Quantitative Fisheries Biology', 'The practices of fisheries science including the effects of industrial fisheries on fish stocks; methods of capture, obtaining, using, and interpretation of vital statistics of fish stocks; population estimation; stock-recruitment; growth; mortality; and fecundity. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical information for making ecological inferences about the status of fish populations. [Note: Familiarity with linear regression is essential. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'BIOL', '003744', 'UG', 'Ecological Risk Assessment and Management', 'Examination of the use of scientific information characterizing the risks posed to the environment by anthropogenic stresses. Discussions will take place in the context of aquatic ecology and presume a background of standard aquatic toxicology methods. Methods for assessing risks, including environmental impact assessment, risk quotients, national, and international risk assessment paradigms, and cumulative effects assessment will be examined. Critical connections between assessment and management will also be discussed. [Offered: F of even years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 354, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'BIOL', '003745', 'UG', 'Population Biology', 'The analysis of the structure and dynamics of plant and animal populations. Theoretical, mathematical and experimental approaches to the study of population ecology. [Note: Students are advised that this course involves computer and numerical applications. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'BIOL', '003746', 'UG', 'Analysis of Communities', 'A study of the organization, structure and development of communities with emphasis on vegetation change. Topics include: diversity, stability; succession; sampling procedures and multivariate analysis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'BIOL', '003748', 'UG', 'Evolution 1: Mechanisms', 'A study of the processes of evolution; the differentiation of populations and the origin of new forms of life. [Offered: F, W; online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 139/239 or Level at least 3A Environment and Resource students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'BIOL', '003750', 'UG', 'Methods of Aquatic Ecology', 'An introduction to methods used to sample and characterize the ecological structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, including basic aspects of the abiotic environment. Field trips to lake and stream sites are combined with laboratory analysis of samples and data. While the main emphasis is on the techniques, the exercises also provide direct experience with some of the natural and anthropogenic variation observable in aquatic systems. [Note: Formerly BIOL 460L. Field Trip fee of $60 is required toward the cost of transportation.Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350 or 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'BIOL', '003751', 'UG', 'Advanced Biostatistics', 'Advanced aspects of statistics and experimental design for biologists. Topics will include analysis of variance (factorial, hierarchical and blocking designs; fixed- and random-effects models); a-priori and a-posteriori comparisons; multivariate analysis of variance; analysis of covariance; multiple linear regression; multivariate statistics (indirect and direct gradient analysis). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 361; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Antireq: (for Arts and Environmental Studies students) PSYCH 202, 391, STAT 322, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'BIOL', '003756', 'UG', 'Mammalian Reproduction', 'This course will provide an in-depth coverage of reproductive biology in a range of mammalian species. Emphasis will be on the principles underlying the regulation of key reproductive processes, from the whole animal to the molecular level. Topics will include applications of these principles to human and veterinary medicine, and ethical problems posed by some reproductive technologies. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'BIOL', '003762', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 1', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-$4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'BIOL', '003763', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 2', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490C', 'BIOL', '003765', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 3', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 491A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490D', 'BIOL', '003766', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 4', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario universities program in field biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 490D/491B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498A', 'BIOL', '003770', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 1', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400 - $2500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498B', 'BIOL', '003771', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 2', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400- $2500 A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'BIOL', '003772', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'BIOL', '003773', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'CO', '003887', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Non-Specialist Level)', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms: simplex, cutting plane, and branch & bound; linear programming duality. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146. Antireq: CO 250, 255, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'CO', '003890', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models (Non-Specialist Level)', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 227, 250, 255, 352. Antireq: CO 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CO', '003891', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal power series. The combinatorics of the ordinary and exponential generating series. Lagrange''s implicit function theorem, applications to the enumeration of permutations, functions, trees and graphs. Integer partitions, geometric methods, enumerating linear transformations. Introduction to the pattern algebra, applications to the enumeration of strings. Lattice paths, Wiener-Hopf factorization. Enumeration under symmetries. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CO', '003892', 'UG', 'Coding Theory', 'A first course in error-correcting codes. Linear block codes, Hamming-Golay codes, and multiple error-correcting BCH codes are studied. Various encoding and decoding schemes are considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 225 or 235 or 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'CO', '003893', 'UG', 'Introduction to Graph Theory', 'An introduction to some of the key topics in graph theory: connectivity, planarity, and matchings. Connectivity: Menger''s theorem, 3-connected graphs. Planarity: Kuratowski''s theorem, uniqueness of planar embeddings. Matchings: Review of Konig''s theorem, Tutte''s theorem. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'CO', '003895', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms; aspects of computational complexity; geometry; linear programming duality, focusing on the development of algorithms. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of (MATH 106, MATH 114, MATH 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 136 or MATH 146; cumulative overall average of at least 60%. Antireq: CO 227, 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'CO', '003896', 'UG', 'Network Flow Theory', 'Review of linear programming. Shortest path problems. The max-flow min-cut theorem and applications. Minimum cost flow problems. Network simplex and primal-dual algorithms. Applications to problems of transportation, distribution, job assignments, and critical-path planning. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 250 or 255 or 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'CO', '003897', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Advanced Level)', 'Linear optimization: feasibility theorems, duality, the simplex algorithm. Discrete optimization: integer linear programming, cutting planes, network flows. Continuous optimization: local and global optima, feasible directions, convexity, necessary optimality conditions. [Note: CO 255 may be substituted for CO 250 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245, 237 or 247. Antireq: CO 227, 250, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'CO', '003898', 'UG', 'Nonlinear Optimization', 'A course on the fundamentals of nonlinear optimization, including both the mathematical and the computational aspects. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for unconstrained and constrained problems. Convexity and its applications. Computational techniques and their analysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (One of CO 250, 255, 352) and MATH 128 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CO', '003899', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CO 250 or 255 or 352. Antireq: CO 327', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'CO', '003901', 'UG', 'Mathematical Discovery and Invention', 'A course in problem solving. 100 problems are studied. Problems are taken mainly from the elementary parts of algebra, geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and probability. [Note: Offered in the spring term of even years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, MATH 106 or 136 or 146, MATH 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CO', '003902', 'UG', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The transfer matrix method. Sieve methods, inclusion/exclusion, Mobius inversion. Polya enumeration, Enumeration of trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', 'Prereq: CO 330; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'CO', '003903', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs, and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', 'Prereq: PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'CO', '003906', 'UG', 'Topics in Combinatorics', 'An undergraduate seminar in combinatorics. The primary objective is to study current work in specific areas of combinatorics. Course content may vary from term to term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CO', '003907', 'UG', 'Topics in Graph Theory', 'An in-depth study of one or two topics in graph theory. Course content may vary from term to term. Topics may include planar graphs, extremal graph theory, directed graphs, enumeration, algebraic graph theory, probabilistic graph theory, connectivity, graph embedding, colouring problems.', 'Prereq: CO 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CO', '003908', 'UG', 'Graph Theory', 'Connectivity (Menger''s theorem, ear decomposition, and Tutte''s wheels theorem) and matchings (Hall''s theorem and Tutte''s theorem). Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Ramsey theory: upper and lower bounds, explicit constructions. External graph theory: Turan''s theorem, the Erdos-Gallai theorem. Probabilistic methods. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 342, MATH 235 or 245; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CO', '003909', 'UG', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'An introduction to the methods of and some interesting current topics in algebraic graph theory. Topics covered will include vertex-transitive graphs, eigenvalue methods, strongly regular graphs and may include graph homomorphisms, Laplacians or knot and link invariants.', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249, PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CO', '003910', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimal solutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CO', '003911', 'UG', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CO', '003913', 'UG', 'Scheduling', 'An overview of practical optimization problems that can be posed as scheduling problems. Characterizations of optimal schedules. Simple and efficient combinatorial algorithms for easy problems. A brief overview of computational complexity, definition of P, NP, NP-complete and NP-hard. Integer programming formulations, the traveling salesman problem, heuristics, dynamic programming, and branch-and-bound approaches. Polynomial-time approximation algorithms. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'CO', '003914', 'UG', 'Introduction to Game Theory', 'A broad introduction to game theory and its applications to the modeling of competition and cooperation in business, economics, and society. Two-person games in strategic form and Nash equilibria. Extensive form games, including multi-stage games. Coalition games and the core. Bayesian games, mechanism design, and auctions.', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CO', '003917', 'UG', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point, and active set strategies.', 'Prereq: (CO 367 and one of CO 250, 352) or CO 255; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'CO', '003918', 'UG', 'History of Mathematics', 'An in-depth examination of the origins of mathematics, beginning with examples of Babylonian mathematics. Topics may include Pythagorean triples, solution of equations, estimation of pi, duplication of the cube, trisection of an angle, the Fibonacci sequence, the origins of calculus. [Note: Offered in the spring term of odd years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, 106 or 136 or 146, 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CO', '003920', 'UG', 'Reading in Combinatorics and Optimization', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'ANTH', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and Métis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'INDG', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and Métis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CHE', '003949', 'UG', 'Equilibrium Stage Operations', 'Equilibrium between phases; the equilibrium stage concept. Cascades of stages with and without reflux; group methods and stage-by-stage approaches; graphical solutions. Applications in the separation of components by distillation, absorption, stripping, extraction and leaching. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHE', '003950', 'UG', 'Process Data Analysis', 'Introduction to statistical methods for analyzing and interpreting process data. Introduction to statistical ideas, probability theory, distribution theory, sampling theory, confidence intervals and significance tests. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CHE', '003951', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 1', 'Thermodynamics: work and heat as forms of energy. First law, internal energy and enthalpy. Heats of chemical and physical changes. Cycles and the second law, entropy. Spontaneity and equilibrium, free energies. Systems of variable composition, chemical equilibrium. Phase equilibrium and the phase rule. Ideal solutions, colligative properties. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'CHE', '003952', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Fundamentals of fluid flow. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and mechanical energy. Flow of fluids in conduits. Flow past immersed bodies. Flow through beds of solids, fluidization. Transportation and metering of fluids. Dimensional analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'CHE', '003953', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 2', 'Thermodynamics: ideal solutions; non-ideal solutions, non-electrolytic and electrolytic solutions, phase equilibrium and phase diagrams, reaction equilibrium. Surface phenomena: surface tension, capillarity, properties of small particles, adsorption. Chemical kinetics: rate laws, reaction rates, mechanisms, catalysis, heterogeneous reactions. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CHE', '003956', 'UG', 'Bioprocess Engineering', 'Review of elementary aspects of microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetic engineering. Introduction of biological systems for the production of commercial goods and services, e.g., foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fuels, diagnostics, waste treatment, and biomaterials. Introduction to design of bioprocess systems, including biosafety and sustainability. Development of reaction kinetics associated with biological systems. Quantification of metabolism. Development of material balances for key constituents in bioreactors operated in different modes, e.g., batch, fed-batch, continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), perfusion, recycle. Introduction to mass and heat transfer considerations for bioreactors. Dynamic simulation of cultures defined by ordinary differential equations. Introduction of downstream processes associated with biological systems and recovery of biological products. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CHE', '003957', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics', 'Review of fundamentals, including 2nd law and concepts of equilibrium, phase and reaction equilibria, fugacity, exergy. Thermodynamics applied to practical situations. Examples chosen from: fluid flow; power generation; refrigeration; air conditioning and water cooling; liquefaction of gases; equilibria in complex chemical reactions and separation processes; surface phenomena; electrochemical reactions; biological processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'CHE', '003960', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Engineering', 'Review of stoichiometry and chemical kinetics. Homogeneous reactors: isothermal operation; batch; semi-batch; continuous tank; plug flow reactor design. Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) in series; plug flow reactor with recycle. Multiple reactions in reactor networks. Temperature effects in adiabatic and non-isothermal reactors. Yield, selectivity and optimal operation of reactors. Heterogeneous catalysis and effectiveness factors in two-phase reactors. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CHE', '003962', 'UG', 'Electrochemical Engineering', 'Topics and applications of electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. Industrial process examples. Environmental aspects. Ionic equilibria. Laws of electrolysis. Theory of electrolytes. Transport properties of electrolytes. Reversible cell potentials. Irreversible electrode processes. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of corrosion. Common examples of corrosion. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498', 'CHE', '003966', 'UG', 'Directed Research Project', 'Directed research project under the supervision of faculty members. Participation will give students experience in advanced research techniques, with valuable training for those potentially interested in graduate school or industrial research careers. Taken over and above normal course load. Good standing and permission of department required for registration. [Note: This course graded as CR/NCR. Offered: F, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'CHE', '003969', 'UG', 'Group Design Project and Symposium', 'Completion of the design project cycle started in CHE 482 and communication of the engineering design work. Submission of a written final report. Lecture-style technical presentation by group members. Poster-style technical presentation with group members available to discuss the project. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 482; 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CHE', '003970', 'UG', 'Elective Research Project', 'A major undergraduate research project carried out as a technical elective (TE) under the supervision of a faculty member. An oral presentation of results and a written report are the minimum requirements. Other requirements may be set by the faculty supervisor or department. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 398 or 399 or 498', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CHE', '003971', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 1', 'Introduction to basic methods and principles in chemical engineering. The fundamentals of engineering calculations (units and dimensions), behaviour of fluids, mass balances, processes, and process variables. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CHE', '003972', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 2', 'Development of chemical process analysis skills. Introduction to single- and multi-phase physical equilibria. Material and energy balances in reactive and non-reactive systems. Introduction to investigation and technical communication through laboratory experiments illustrating the physical principles discussed. (In the Winter term only: brief review of co-op fundamentals.) [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CHE', '003973', 'UG', 'Chemistry for Engineers', 'Chemical principles with applications in engineering. Stoichiometric calculations, properties of gases, properties of liquids and solutions, gas phase chemical equilibrium, ionic equilibrium in aqueous solution, oxidation-reduction reactions, chemical kinetics. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('514', 'CHE', '003997', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Petroleum Production', 'Fundamentals of surface chemistry, capillary pressure, and wettability. Petrophysics, measurement, and interpretation of electrical, capillary, and flow properties of reservoir rock. Hydrostatic pressure regimes and estimation of oil and gas reserves. Darcy''s law and modelling of steady-state and transient incompressible and compressible single-phase flow through porous media. Thermodynamics of petroleum fluids. Material balance for oil and gas reservoirs: subsurface withdrawal and primary production mechanisms. Oil well testing. Two-phase flow in oil reservoirs, relative permeability, Buckley-Leverett theory of linear water flooding and sweep efficiency. Introduction to enhanced oil recovery. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('522', 'CHE', '004002', 'UG', 'Advanced Process Dynamics and Control', 'State space methods. Sampled-data systems. Discrete systems. Transform methods. Multivariable control. Computer control. Closed-loop analysis. Design of controllers. Control of complex chemical systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'CHE', '004004', 'UG', 'Process Control Laboratory', 'Experiments on process dynamics, control, and simulation of processes. Time constant; step and frequency response; controller tuning; multivariable control strategies. Implementation using simulation systems, mainframe computer control, microcomputers. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('562', 'CHE', '004016', 'UG', 'Advanced Bioprocess Engineering', 'Application of process engineering principles to the design and operation of fermentation reactors which are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, brewing, and waste treatment industries. Aspects of mass transfer, heat transfer, mixing, and rheology with biochemical and biological constraints. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'CHE', '004018', 'UG', 'Food Process Engineering', 'Applications of unsteady and steady state heat and/or mass transfer operations to processing natural and texturized foods. Design and analysis of sterilization, low temperature preservation, concentration, separation and purification processes. Effects of formulation, additives and processing on organoleptic and nutritional quality. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('572', 'CHE', '004021', 'UG', 'Air Pollution Control', 'Nature and sources of air pollutants. Transport of pollutants and dispersion modeling for regulatory purposes. Design of industrial particulate capture systems using cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, filters, scrubbers. Design of organic compound emissions control using incineration, biofiltration, adsorption and absorption. Overview of NOx and SOx control. Indoor air quality assessment techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'CHE', '004023', 'UG', 'Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control', 'Primary focus is on the control and treatment of inorganic aqueous waste from chemical process industries. Waste minimization methods with specific examples such as rinsewater circuit design. Principles and design of treatment methods: chemical treatment, precipitation, coagulation and flocculation, ion exchange and membrane separation. Treatment of organic aqueous waste. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'CHEM', '004029', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry for Engineering', 'Bonding, structure, and nomenclature in organic chemistry. Physical properties and simple reactions associated with the important functional groups. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of BME 186, CHE 102, NE 121; Engineering students only. Coreq: CHEM 262L (for Chemical Engineering students only). Antireq: CHEM 264, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262L', 'CHEM', '004030', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory for Engineering Students', 'Selected experiments for engineering students taking CHEM 262. [Offered: F,W]', 'Coreq: CHEM 262 (for Engineering students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'CHEM', '004036', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 1', 'The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 120L. Successful completion of Grade 12 U Calculus and Vectors and Grade 12 U Chemistry or equivalent courses is recommended; Offered: F, W]', 'Antireq: CHEM 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120L', 'CHEM', '004037', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F,S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 120. Antireq: CHEM 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'CHEM', '004038', 'UG', 'Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter', 'A first-year Chemistry course for students in Chemistry-based programs. The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: CHEM 120', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'CHEM', '004039', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 121. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 120L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'CHEM', '004040', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 2', 'Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or CHE 102. Antireq: CHEM 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123L', 'CHEM', '004041', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is a continuation of CHEM 120L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Note: Students who are not taking, or who have not previously taken CHEM 123, will be removed from CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120L. Coreq: CHEM 123. Antireq: CHEM 125L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'CHEM', '004044', 'UG', 'Chemical Reactions, Equilibria and Kinetics', 'A first-year chemistry course for students in chemistry-based programs. Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility, and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 123', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125L', 'CHEM', '004045', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments for student taking CHEM 125. This course is a continuation of CHEM 121L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121L. Coreq: CHEM 125. Antireq: CHEM 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'CHEM', '004048', 'UG', 'Structure and Bonding', 'An introduction to the principles of chemical structure and bonding, with emphasis on their application to inorganic systems. Topics include atoms, orbitals, and periodicity; localized bonding models; symmetry and group theory; and molecular orbital theory. The subjects treated in this course are foundational components for advanced studies in all areas of chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHEM', '004052', 'UG', 'Intro Analytical Chemistry', 'Quantitative and analytical chemistry including ionic equilibria, classical and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220L', 'CHEM', '004053', 'UG', 'Quantitative Chemical Analysis Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 220. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Materials and Nanosciences, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (Biochemistry) students only. Coreq: CHEM 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CHEM', '004054', 'UG', 'Multi-Component Analysis', 'Instrumental analytical chemistry, including traditional and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220, 220L. Antireq: CHEM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224L', 'CHEM', '004058', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation Laboratory', 'Extensive lab experience for students who have taken CHEM 220. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220 and CHEM 220L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'CHEM', '004060', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Biochemistry', 'Chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, with special emphasis on representative proteins and enzymes, including hemoglobin, cytochrome c and chymotrypsin. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264 or 262; Honours Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science or Medicinal Chemistry. Antireq: CHEM 237, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CHEM', '004061', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry', 'An introduction to the chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Structure and properties of proteins and enzymes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266. Antireq: CHEM 233, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237L', 'CHEM', '004062', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 237. [Offered: W, S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250L', 'CHEM', '004063', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'This laboratory provides an introduction to physical chemistry experimentation. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics and employ a variety of important techniques, including spectroscopy, conductivity, and calorimetry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 140; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'CHEM', '004064', 'UG', 'Introductory Chemical Thermodynamics', 'An introduction to the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics and the application of these laws to ideal systems, mixtures, and chemical reactions. Thermodynamic principles are used to study changes in state, including phase changes, and to establish the link between the equilibrium constant and the properties of the substances involved in a chemical reaction. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; One of MATH 128, 138, 148; Honours students only. Antireq: PHYS 358, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'CHEM', '004067', 'UG', 'Introductory Quantum Mechanics', 'Historical background; the differential equation approach to quantum mechanics; treatments of solvable problems such as the particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and the hydrogen atom; introduction to approximation methods for more complicated systems. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 240, MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: PHYS 234', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'CHEM', '004068', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure and bonding in organic chemistry. Isomerism and stereoisomerism in organic compounds. Acidity of organic compounds and substituent effects on acidity. Reaction mechanisms and energetics. Chemistry of alkanes, haloalkanes, alcohols and ethers, alkenes and alkynes. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 262, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CHEM', '004069', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 2', 'Nucleophilic addition and substitution at CO carbon. Aromaticity and simple MO theory of conjugated systems. Electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Applications of spectroscopic techniques in organic chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265L', 'CHEM', '004070', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 265. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or CHEM 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (BIOCHEM) students only. Coreq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266', 'CHEM', '004071', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure, nomenclature, and reactions of important classes of organic compounds. Stereochemistry and its role in reaction mechanisms. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125. Antireq: CHEM 262, 264, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266L', 'CHEM', '004072', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking (or who have taken) CHEM 266. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L. Coreq: CHEM 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267', 'CHEM', '004073', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 2', 'A continuation of the concepts of CHEM 266, including material on amines, aromatics, enols and enolates, and nucleophilic addition and substitution at the carbonyl group. Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266, NE 122/222. Antireq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267L', 'CHEM', '004074', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 267. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 266L. Coreq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'CHEM', '004078', 'UG', 'Transition Element Compounds and Inorganic Materials', 'The inorganic, organic, and solid state chemistry of the d-block elements. The structure and physical properties of co-ordination compounds and transition metal containing solids. The role of transition metal organometallics in catalysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310L', 'CHEM', '004079', 'UG', 'Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Synthesis of transition and non-transition metal compounds. Characterization of compounds using IR, UV-VIS, and NMR spectroscopy. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L, CHEM 212; Honours Chemistry, Chemical Physics, or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'CHEM', '004083', 'UG', 'Main Group and Solid State Chemistry', 'This course provides a detailed examination of the structure and bonding in main group and solid state compounds, including valence bond and molecular orbital theory for describing electronic structures, Hueckel and extended Hueckel approximations. Structures of simple solids, including close packing of spheres and derived ionic lattice types; aspects of chemical crystallography, Bravais lattices, point groups, space groups, crystal planes, and X-ray diffraction; Ionic interactions in gases and solution; the thermodynamics of acid-base interactions; descriptive chemistry and characterization of main group element compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'CHEM', '004089', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation', 'Detailed study of selected instruments and instrumental methods. Introduction to chemometrics and to computer interfacing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 221 or 223; CHEM 224L; Level at least 3A Honours Science programs', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'CHEM', '004091', 'UG', 'Metabolism 1', 'Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHEM 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'CHEM', '004092', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students having completed or concurrently taking CHEM 331. Topics to be covered include: NMR, allostery, enzymology, electrophoresis, carbohydrates, lipids, photosynthesis, and respiration. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233L. Coreq: CHEM 331 or 333; CHEM 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'CHEM', '004093', 'UG', 'Chemical Kinetics', 'Basic chemical kinetics; treatment of kinetic data; complex reaction mechanisms; fast reactions; the canonical ensemble and the canonical partition function; statistical mechanics applied to chemistry; statistical theory of reaction rates. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; One of CHEM 240, MATH 227, MATH 228; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350L', 'CHEM', '004094', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'This advanced laboratory builds upon fundamental knowledge of physical chemistry gained in the introductory physical chemistry laboratory, CHEM 250L. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, and quantum mechanics. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 250L; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'CHEM', '004101', 'UG', 'Physical Biochemistry', 'The use of diffusion, ultracentrifugation, osmotic pressure, electrophoresis and X-ray diffraction to study the properties of biopolymers. Hyperbolic and allosteric enzyme kinetics, inhibition, and regulation. Some spectroscopies important to the life sciences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or 125, MATH 128; One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CHEM', '004107', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 3', 'Enolate alkylation, condensation, conjugate addition and pericyclic reactions. FMO theory, organometallics and transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360L', 'CHEM', '004108', 'UG', 'Senior Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected microscale synthetic experiments for students in Year Three Chemistry and Biochemistry programs, including spectroscopic identification of organic compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265, 265L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, or Medicinal Chemistry students only. Coreq: CHEM 360', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CHEM', '004110', 'UG', 'Organic Process Chemistry', 'This course is an introduction to the important aspects of Process Chemistry for the industrial production of pharmaceutically active organic compounds. Topics covered include: industrial organic synthesis and process design, scaling to kilogram quantities, green chemistry principles, process safety and hazard identification, industrial separation and purification, and meeting quality guidelines and regulations. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'CHEM', '004116', 'UG', 'Research Project 1', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'CHEM', '004117', 'UG', 'Research Project 2', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', 'Prereq: CHEM 392A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'CHEM', '004119', 'UG', 'Physicochemical Aspects of Natural Waters', 'Properties of water; chemicals in the environment; environmental fate of inorganic and organic pollutants; basic phenomena affecting the fate of water pollutants (vapor pressure; activity, solubility, partitioning, diffusion, sorption); acids and bases in water; dissolved carbon dioxide; trace metals in water. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'CHEM', '004150', 'UG', 'Metabolism 2', 'Properties and metabolism of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and biogenic amines. Biosynthesis and mode of action of selected cofactors. Structure-function relationships of enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'CHEM', '004151', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry', 'Nitrogen fixation. Assimilation of nitrogen. Amino acid metabolism. Metabolic regulation. Proteolytic enzymes, ubiquitin. Blood coagulation. Signal transduction and amplification. Biochemistry of nitric oxide. Biochemistry of vision. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CHEM', '004152', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Biochemistry', 'For a current list of offerings see the Undergraduate Officer. [Note: Instructor may elect to use the third lecture hour for a tutorial or not at all; Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or CHEM 333; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'CHEM', '004182', 'UG', 'Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry', 'Elucidation and identification of organic structures by contemporary spectroscopic techniques. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CHEM', '004190', 'UG', 'Introduction to Polymer Science', 'Basic definitions and polymer nomenclature, molecular weight distributions and averages, molecular weight measurements, step-growth and free radical chain-growth polymerization reactions, chain conformations, glass transition, crystallization, and mechanical properties of polymers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHE 541, MNS 322, NE 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('494A', 'CHEM', '004194', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'Laboratory work on a senior year research project. Enrolment into this course requires permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator. See the CHEM 494 coordinator for course details. No credit or grade will be provided for this course until the two-term sequence CHEM 494A/B has been completed. CHEM 494A/B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Geochemistry, or Materials & Nanosciences, or Medicinal Chemistry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'CHINA', '004201', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no prior background in writing, speaking, or understanding any dialect of the Chinese language to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: CHINA 101R is not open to speakers of any Chinese dialect.]', 'Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'CHINA', '004202', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 2', 'With the completion of the study of the rudiments of phonetics (as provided in CHINA 101R), the emphasis in this course shifts to grammar and character writing. Vocabulary will be expanded to between 500 and 700 words. [Note: CHINA 102R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CHINA 101R. Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'CHINA', '004203', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 1', 'Development of speaking, writing, reading, and listening skills. This course and its follow-up (CHINA 202R) include a survey of grammar, complex sentences, and logical stress.', 'Prereq: CHINA 102R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'CHINA', '004204', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 2', 'The study of Chinese characters receives more emphasis. Grammar instruction includes comparisons and different kinds of complements. The course includes topics of interest to students illustrating cultural differences between China and the West. Upon completion of CHINA 201R and 202R, the student should have a reading vocabulary of 1,600 Chinese characters and have learned about 300 key sentence patterns.', 'Prereq: CHINA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'CIVE', '004211', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 1', 'Three-dimensional force systems, moments, couples, and resultants. Three-dimensional equilibrium problems. Shear stresses in beams. Plastic bending. Beam deflection. Torsion of shafts and thin-walled closed sections. Shear, bending moment, and deflection diagrams for beams. Compound stress and stress transformations. Design concepts. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering or 2B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CIVE', '004212', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 2', 'Frames, arches and suspended structures. Stress and strain transformations. Strain energy. Energy methods. Virtual work. Buckling of columns. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 204, 221; 2B Civil Engineering or 3A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CIVE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'GEOE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'CIVE', '004215', 'UG', 'Differential Equations', 'An introduction to linear and partial differential equations. Standard methods of solution, applications to physical and engineering problems, linear equations with constant coefficients, basic systems of differential equations, partial differential equations. Applications. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 221; 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 218, ENVE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'CIVE', '004219', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Data analysis. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Estimation theory. Empirical determination of distribution models. Regression analysis. Introduction to risk. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, ENVE 224, GEOE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CIVE', '004221', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'A basic course in structure, behaviour, and uses of engineering materials. Topics include monotonic and cyclic stress-strain behaviour of metals. Phase diagrams. Diffusion, nucleation and growth of grains. Metallurgy and mechanical properties of irons and steels. Structure and mechanical properties of wood, cements, and concrete. Fracture, fatigue, and corrosion. Three lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 2A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'CIVE', '004222', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'An introduction to fluid mechanics. Fluid properties. Review of fluid statics. Buoyancy. Bernoulli equation. The momentum equation and applications. Laminar and turbulent flow. Dimensionless numbers. Closed conduit flow including friction losses. Pipe network analysis. Pump systems. Four lab sessions. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105, 221; Level at least 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 280', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'CIVE', '004227', 'UG', 'Structural Analysis', 'Analysis of statically indeterminate structures using force and displacement methods. Influence lines for indeterminate structures. Introduction to the matrix stiffness method. Computer applications using commercial structural analysis software. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'CIVE', '004228', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Solids 3', 'Membrane stresses in shells. Buckling. Beams on elastic foundations. Plane elasticity. Torsion of non-circular sections. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'CIVE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: CIVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Civil Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'GEOE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: GEOE 153 or ENVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Environmental or Geological Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'CIVE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'GEOE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: GEOE 353; Level at least 3B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'CIVE', '004235', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Principles', 'Water quality, air pollution, fate and transport of contaminants in natural and engineered systems, and pollution prevention. Solid and hazardous waste management. Water and wastewater treatment systems and design principles. Four lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, (CIVE 280 or GEOE 280); Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'CIVE', '004238', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students must undertake an independent civil engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a civil engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (CIVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, oral presentation, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, CIVE 401. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'CIVE', '004239', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of CIVE 400. The final design of the major civil engineering project proposed in CIVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in CIVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('505', 'CIVE', '004242', 'UG', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Dynamics of discrete and continuous structures. Free and forced vibrations of single and multi-degree of freedom systems. Shock loads, earthquake loads, response spectra. Analysis and design of frames for shock and earthquake loads. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (AE 303 or CIVE 303), (AE 223 or CIVE 222); Level at least 3B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('507', 'CIVE', '004243', 'UG', 'Building Science and Technology', 'The building process. Loadings; gravity, wind, thermal, moisture, and fire. Enclosure design; walls, windows, and roof. Subgrade construction. Energy related considerations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Architectural Engineering or 4B Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('413', 'CIVE', '004244', 'UG', 'Structural Steel Design', 'Advanced coverage of design of structural steel members and connections, building on CIVE 310. Design of laterally-unsupported beams, compression members and beam-columns. Plate girders. Connections. Special topics in design of structural steel or other metals. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'CIVE', '004245', 'UG', 'Structural Concrete Design', 'Advanced analysis and design of concrete members for flexure. Beam shear analysis and design. D-region shear design. Column design. Special topics. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'CIVE', '004246', 'UG', 'Structural System Design', 'Building loads. Lateral load systems. Floor systems for buildings. Composite construction. Introduction to bridge design. Special topics.[Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AE 310 or CIVE 310), CIVE 413, 414; 4B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'CIVE', '004247', 'UG', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'This course focuses on the development of the basic fundamentals of finite element method with applications in fluid flow, mass transport, solid mechanics and structures. Topics include discrete problems, matrix methods, variational principle, method of weighted residuals, element shapes, and interpolation functions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AE 223 or CIVE 222 or ENVE 223 or GEOE 223; 4B Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ME 559.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CIVE', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 241; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'PLAN', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 342 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('542', 'CIVE', '004250', 'UG', 'Pavement Structural Design', 'Pavement design, soil identification, subgrade design, base courses, flexible pavement design, design and testing of asphaltic concrete mixes, surface treatments. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'CIVE', '004251', 'UG', 'Traffic Simulation Modelling and Applications', 'Fundamental knowledge on the principles and applications of traffic simulations. System theory, traffic flow dynamics, stochastic simulation methods. Calibration and validation of simulation models, and interpretation and analysis of simulation output. Applications of state-of-the-art computer simulation software packages for solving real traffic engineering problems, involving scenario analysis, prediction, and optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 224, 341; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'CIVE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'GEOE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'ME', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Biomedical, Mechanical, Mechatronics, or Systems Design Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'CIVE', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105 or ME 219 or SYDE 286', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'CIVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 382; 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'ENVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 382; 4B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'CIVE', '004259', 'UG', 'Engineering Law and Ethics', 'Background (Charter of Rights and Freedoms), contracts, torts (negligent malpractice), forms of carrying on business, professional practice (professional engineers act, joint practice rules, professional misconduct and sexual harassment), alternate dispute resolution, construction liens, intellectual property (patents, trade marks, copyrights and industrial designs), labour relations and employment law, environmental law. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering. Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, BUS 231W, COMM 231, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'CIVE', '004261', 'UG', 'Construction Engineering', 'Topics in construction engineering and management including methods of delivering construction, contractual relationships, prevailing construction practices, construction equipment, concrete form design, concrete, steel, and masonry construction, introduction to trenchless technology, construction safety, planning and scheduling of repetitive construction, cash flow analysis, and construction project control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CLAS', '004262', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Classical Studies', 'An introduction to Greek and Roman civilization, focusing on six key aspects of the discipline of classical studies: history, literature, philosophy, myth and religion, art and architecture, and classical archaeology.', 'Prereq: No more than 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'CLAS', '004266', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Greece', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Greece. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, culture wars, sports, art, myth, and history, to sex, slavery, and social justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'CLAS', '004267', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Rome', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Roman world. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, family roles, myth, and history, to sex scandals, slavery, gladiatorial games, and mystery cults.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CLAS', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'HIST', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'CLAS', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'HIST', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CLAS', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'MEDVL', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'CLAS', '004287', 'UG', 'Sex and Gender in the Ancient World', 'This course examines a variety of issues around sexuality and gender relations in antiquity, including sexual mores and behaviours; literary, artistic, and philosophical constructs of gender; the roots of misogyny; and the legal and social restrictions placed on women in most ancient societies.', 'Prereq: One course in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'CLAS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'RS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'CLAS', '004300', 'UG', 'Science and Technology of Ancient Greece and Rome', 'A study of scientific thought and achievements in such areas as astronomy, biology, anatomy, and medicine, and of the technological skills which produced and distributed raw materials, manufactured goods, and agricultural products.', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 201, 202, 251, 252 or a first year Engineering course or a first year CHEM/EARTH/PHYS course or a second year BIOL/SCI course', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'CLAS', '004301', 'UG', 'Classical Studies Abroad', 'This course features a combination of academic study and first-hand investigation of museums and ancient sites, normally in Greece and/or Italy. [Note: This is a concentrated study course (block format) normally offered in a spring term. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. This course incurs extra costs for the student above and beyond the registration fee in the form of travel, room and board, and incidental costs.]', 'Prereq: At least 1.5 units in CLAS and/or GRK and/or LAT', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'CLAS', '004315', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Students wishing to undertake a senior honours thesis in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'CLAS', '004316', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Continuation of the Senior Honours Thesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CLAS', '004317', 'UG', 'Directed Study', 'Under exceptional circumstances, and only with the prior approval of the department, a student may substitute an individualized course of study at the senior level. Such circumstances might include, for example, the student''s participation in an approved archaeological dig. For further details, consult the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CROAT', '004344', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 1', 'For students with little or no knowledge of Croatian. The basic elements of Croatian grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation.\n[Note: CROAT 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CROAT', '004346', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 2', 'A continuation of CROAT 101. [Note: CROAT 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CROAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CS', '004360', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computing Through Applications', 'Using personal computers as effective problem solving tools for the present and the future. Effective use of spreadsheets to process, manipulate, and visualize numeric and textual information. Introduction to the Internet, World Wide Web, HTML, and XML. Algorithms underlying the functional components of web search engines and their influence on data access. Using wikis to publish, reshape, and organize data collaboratively. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Mathematics,Biomedical,Chemical,Civil,Computer & Electrical,Environmental,Geological,Management,Mechanical,Mechatronics,Nanotechnology & Systems Design Eng students. Antireq: All second,third or fourth year CS courses or equivalents', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CS', '004372', 'UG', 'Concepts for Advanced Computer Usage', 'Important concepts underlying major personal computer application categories; methodologies for learning and evaluating software; operating system and hardware design from the user''s point of view, with implications for maintaining a personal computer. Students are encouraged to use their own personal computer for assignments. Social media and the effect of technology on society are explored throughout the course. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Computer Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CS', '004374', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computers and Computer Systems', 'Basic computer architecture, organization, system services, and software. Typology of processors, memory, I/O devices, and their performance. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 292/393, CS 241, 251, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'CS', '004375', 'UG', 'Data Types and Structures', 'Top-down design of data structures. Using representation-independent data types. Introduction to commonly used data types, including lists, sets, mappings, and trees. Selection of data representation. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 122, CS 240, ECE 250, MSCI 240, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'CS', '004377', 'UG', 'Data Structures and Data Management', 'Introduction to widely used and effective methods of data organization, focusing on data structures, their algorithms, and the performance of these algorithms. Specific topics include priority queues, sorting, dictionaries, data structures for text processing. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212), (one of CS 241, 246, 247), (one of STAT 206, 230, 240); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 122, CS 234, ECE 250, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CS', '004378', 'UG', 'Foundations of Sequential Programs', 'The relationship between high-level languages and the computer architecture that underlies their implementation, including basic machine architecture, assemblers, specification and translation of programming languages, linkers and loaders, block-structured languages, parameter passing mechanisms, and comparison of programming languages. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. CS 251 is a recommended corequisite. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 138 or 246) or (a grade of 85% or higher in one of CS 136 or 146); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 230, ECE 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'CS', '004380', 'UG', 'Object-Oriented Software Development', 'Introduction to object-oriented programming and to tools and techniques for software development. Designing, coding, debugging, testing, and documenting medium-sized programs: reading specifications and designing software to implement them; selecting appropriate data structures and control structures; writing reusable code; reusing existing code; basic performance issues; debuggers; test suites. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 146 or a grade of 60% or higher in CS 136 or 138; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CS 247, MSCI 342, SYDE 322', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CS', '004382', 'UG', 'Computer Organization and Design', 'Overview of computer organization and performance. Basics of digital logic design. Combinational and sequential elements. Data representation and manipulation. Basics of processor design. Pipelining. Memory hierarchies. Multiprocessors. [Note: Students enrolled in Digital Hardware Specialization should enrol in ECE 222. Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 136, 138, 146; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 292/393, ECE 222, ME 262, MTE 262, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'STAT', '004384', 'UG', 'Introduction to Statistical Problem Solving', 'This is an applications oriented course which prepares the nonmathematical student to use statistical software as a research tool. Topics include aids for statistical analysis and the preparation of documents such as reports and theses. The course provides sufficient background for application to other problems specific to the individual''s field. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, SDS 250R, KIN 232, PSCI 214/314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC/LS 280, any STAT course; Not open to Honours Mathematics students. Antireq: STAT 331, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CS', '004385', 'UG', 'Management Information Systems', 'An introduction to information systems and their strategic role in business. Topics include types of information systems, organizational requirements, systems development strategies, decision support systems, data and information management, and information systems management, control and implementation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 106, 116, 136, 138, 146; Level at least 2B; Not open to\nComputer Science students. Antireq: AFM 241, BUS 415W, 486W, CS 480/490,\nMSCI 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'CS', '004390', 'UG', 'Computer Applications in Business: Databases', 'A user-oriented approach to the management of large collections of data. Methods used for the storage, selection, and presentation of data. Common database management systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 231, 234, 246, 330; or (AFM 341 and (CS 116 or CS 136 or CS 146)); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 348, 448, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'CS', '004392', 'UG', 'Algorithms', 'The study of efficient algorithms and effective algorithm design techniques. Program design with emphasis on pragmatic and mathematical aspects of program efficiency. Topics include divide and conquer algorithms, recurrences, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, graph search and backtrack, problems without algorithms, NP-completeness and its implications. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 231, ECE 406', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CS', '004398', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Theory of Computing', 'Models of computers including finite automata and Turing machines. Basics of formal languages with applications to the syntax of programming languages. Alternate characterizations of language classes. Proving unrecognizability. Unsolvable problems and their relevance to the semantics of programming. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240, 241 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CS', '004400', 'UG', 'Numerical Computation', 'Principles and practices of basic numerical computation as a key aspect of scientific computation. Visualization of results. Approximation by splines, fast Fourier transforms, solution of linear and nonlinear equations, differential equations, floating point number systems, error, stability. Presented in the context of specific applications to image processing, analysis of data, scientific modeling. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148), (one of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146), (one of CS 231, 234, 241, 246). Antireq: AMATH 242/CS 371, CHE 121, CIVE 121, CS 335, ECE 204, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CS', '004404', 'UG', 'Applications Software Engineering', 'An investigation into the role and function of software engineering practice in the construction of computer based systems. Topics include: requirements and specification; documentation techniques; analysis and design; implementation; testing and maintenance; management issues. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 330; Level at least 3A; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 446/ECE 452, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'CS', '004407', 'UG', 'Networks and Distributed Computer Systems', 'An introduction to networks, protocols, and distributed systems. Layered models, resource management, naming, addressing and routing, reliable communication, security, and higher-level services. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 241, 246, 251; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 454, 456, ECE 428, 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'STAT', '004408', 'UG', 'Stochastic Simulation Methods', 'Random variate generation in the univariate and multivariate case, Monte Carlo integration, advanced computer implementation, variance reduction, statistical analysis of simulated data, extensions to challenging simulation problems. Mathematical treatment of the underlying stochastic concepts and proofs. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of CS 116, 136, 138, 145, SYDE 221/322) and (STAT 230 with a grade of at least 60% or STAT 240) and (STAT 231 or 241)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CS', '004410', 'UG', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CS', '004412', 'UG', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('445', 'CS', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'ECE', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'CS', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ECE', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'CS', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ECE', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348', 'CS', '004417', 'UG', 'Introduction to Database Management', 'The main objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of database technology by studying databases from three viewpoints: those of the database user, the database designer, and the database administrator. It teaches the use of a database management system (DBMS) by treating it as a black box, focusing only on its functionality and its interfaces. Topics include introduction to database systems, relational database systems, database design methodology, SQL and interfaces, database application development, concept of transactions, ODBC, JDBC, database tuning, database administration, and current topics (distributed databases, data warehouses, data mining). [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: CS 240. Antireq: CS 338, ECE 356, 456, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CS', '004418', 'UG', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology, and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency, and resource utilization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212) and (CS 350 or SE 350); Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 320, ECE 429', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CS', '004419', 'UG', 'Real-time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CS', '004420', 'UG', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'CS', '004422', 'UG', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work.]', 'Prereq: (CS 246 or 247) and (one of STAT 206, 231, 241); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'CS', '004424', 'UG', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars --Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars -- normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', 'Prereq: CS 360 or 365; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CS', '004426', 'UG', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Algorithmic approaches and methods of assessment that reflect a broad spectrum of criteria, including randomized algorithms, amortized analysis, lower bounds, approximation algorithms, and on-line algorithms. Particular examples will be chosen from different areas of active research and application. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'CS', '004433', 'UG', 'Information Systems Management', 'The integration of business and technical considerations in the design, implementation and management of information systems. Topics include: IS planning and development; business, management, executive, and strategic information systems, including case studies of selected large- scale systems; decision support systems; end-user training and development; systems security, disaster planning and recovery. Practical examples of information systems in industry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: BUS\n415W, 486W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'CS', '004434', 'UG', 'Computational Techniques in Biological Sequence Analysis', 'Computer science principles and algorithms in biological sequence analysis. Topics include algorithms for sequence comparison, for large-scale database search in biological databases, for sequence assembly, for evolutionary tree reconstruction, for identifying important features in DNA and RNA sequences, and underlying computational techniques for understanding strings and trees and for making probabilistic inferences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 341, STAT 241 or at least 60% in STAT 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'CS', '004435', 'UG', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Knowledge representation and reasoning. Planning. Reasoning about uncertainty. Machine learning. Multi-agent systems. Natural language processing. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: STAT 206 or 231 or 241.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'CS', '004436', 'UG', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 231 or 234 or 240; Honours Mathematics only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'CS', '004437', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341 and (CS 350 or SE 350) and (CS 370 or 371); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CS', '004438', 'UG', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499R', 'CS', '004444', 'UG', 'Readings in Computer Science', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'THPERF', '004660', 'UG', 'Theatre and Performance in Context', 'Students experience, analyze, and interpret a range of works of theatre and performance. Close attention is paid to the original circumstances in which these works were produced, the ways in which they have reflected and influenced the communities that produced them, and their relevance to current performance practice and research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'THPERF', '004661', 'UG', 'Introduction to Theatre', 'This course introduces students to processes of theatre creation including textual analysis, conceptual development, design, rehearsal, production, performance, audience engagement, and self-evaluation. Students develop original productions of influential works while paying close attention to the works'' relevance and issues such as race, gender, and sustainability. [Note: Prior experience in theatre-making is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'THPERF', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'SPCOM', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'THPERF', '004663', 'UG', 'Performing Text', 'Students explore techniques to analyze, interpret, and perform texts.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'THPERF', '004664', 'UG', 'Performing the Body', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'SPCOM', '004665', 'UG', 'Public Speaking', 'Theory and practice of public speaking. A workshop course involving design and delivery of various kinds of speeches, and the development of organizational, vocal, listening, and critical skills. Students will be videotaped. [Note: Must attend first class. May be subject to priority enrolment.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'SPCOM', '004666', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Communication', 'Focuses on the one-to-one, face-to-face communication in both the personal and professional realms. Such topics as verbal and non-verbal interactions, listening, and the better management of interpersonal communication will be studied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'SPCOM', '004667', 'UG', 'Interviewing', 'Theory and practice of interviewing. A workshop course which teaches theory, design, and presentation of interviews. Videotaping student exercises will enhance interview design and delivery, as well as listening and critical skills.', 'Prereq: (For Mathematics students) one of EMLS 101R, 102R, EMLS/ENGL 129R, ENGL 109, SPCOM 100, SPCOM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'THPERF', '004668', 'UG', 'Technical Production 1', 'Students develop basic proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('244', 'THPERF', '004669', 'UG', 'Technical Production 2', 'Students develop intermediate proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project, normally a departmental production.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'THPERF', '004678', 'UG', 'Performance Creation', 'Students study, apply, and critique a range of processes for making performance in a range of media, paying close attention to the relationship between the approach to creation and the significance of works in the communities where they are performed.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'THPERF', '004680', 'UG', 'Production Participation 3', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'THPERF', '004681', 'UG', 'Production Participation 4', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ENGL', '004682', 'UG', 'Early Modern Worlds on Stage', 'This course explores plays from the English Renaissance in their historical and theatrical contexts. Topics may include playhouses and staging, censorship, and collaboration.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'THPERF', '004688', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with Text', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to acting in traditions emphasizing the text as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'THPERF', '004689', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with the Body', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to performance in traditions emphasizing the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'SPCOM', '004691', 'UG', 'Small Group Communication', 'A workshop course which works from theory to develop the skills to work in groups effectively. The principles of group dynamics, leadership, and conflict resolution will be studied and implemented in small group meetings and presentations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'THPERF', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'SPCOM', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'THPERF', '004698', 'UG', 'Stage Management', 'Students explore approaches to stage management for theatre and performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'THPERF', '004706', 'UG', 'Approaches to Directing', 'Exploration of the director''s task in its practical, theoretical, and historical aspects.', 'Prereq: THPERF 200, 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'THPERF', '004708', 'UG', 'Performance History', 'This course explores significant case studies in performance history drawn from the earliest historical records of performance to recent performance events in a variety of social contexts. Close attention is paid to historiographical research methods and the ways they determine our understanding of the past.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('406', 'THPERF', '004715', 'UG', 'Production Participation 7', 'Students work at an advanced, independent level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to create and reflect upon a major, collaborative performance project. Students engage in all areas of project creation, including research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'THPERF', '004716', 'UG', 'Production Participation 8', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'THPERF', '004723', 'UG', 'Selected Seminars in Drama & Theatre Arts', 'Seminars in special areas of drama and theatre. [Note: Formerly DRAMA 490. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'SPCOM', '004739', 'UG', 'Organizational Communication', 'This course examines organizational theory, the communication process, and the interplay between the two. Students will develop the skills to identify, analyze, and solve a variety of organizational communication problems through case study group work and other workshop-style methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'THPERF', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SPCOM', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'THPERF', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SPCOM', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'DUTCH', '004742', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 1', 'The basic elements of Dutch grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation. Introduction to aspects of Dutch culture. [Note: DUTCH 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'DUTCH', '004743', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 2', 'A continuation of DUTCH 101. [Note: DUTCH 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: DUTCH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'ECE', '004750', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Programming', 'Software design process in a high-level programming environment. Programming fundamentals, language syntax, simple data types, control constructs, functions, parameter passing, recursion, classes, arrays and lists, list traversals, introduction to searching and sorting algorithms, basic object-oriented design, polymorphism and inheritance, simple testing and debugging strategies, pointers and references, basic memory management. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 121, MTE 121/GENE 121, NE 113, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'ECE', '004752', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods', 'Application of computational methods to engineering problems. Number systems, errors and error propagation. Roots of nonlinear equations. Introduction to numerical linear algebra. Interpolation and numerical integration. Introduction to numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, optimization. Emphasis will be placed on algorithm development. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: AMATH 342, CS 370, 371, ECE 204A, 204B, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'ECE', '004755', 'UG', 'Digital Computers', 'Computer organization. Memory units, control units, I/O operations. Assembly language programming, translation and loading. Arithmetic logic units. Computer case studies. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ECE 124; (CS 115 or 135 or 137 or 145 or ECE 150); Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering or Computer Science/Digital Hardware Option', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ECE', '004759', 'UG', 'Algorithms and Data Structures', 'Data structures, abstract data types, recursive algorithms, algorithm analysis, sorting and searching, and problem-solving strategies. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 234, 240, 341, SE 240', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'MTE', '004767', 'UG', 'Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer', 'Macroscopic approach to energy analysis. Energy transfer as work and heat, and the First Law of thermodynamics. Properties and states of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume analysis. The essence of entropy, and the Second Law of thermodynamics. The Carnot cycle and its implications for practical cyclic devices. Introduction to heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. Basic formulation and solution of steady and transient problems. Issues relevant to the cooling of electrical devices. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MTE 202, 203; Level at least 3A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: SYDE 381', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ECE', '004769', 'UG', 'Communication Systems', 'Introduction to random processes, power spectral density. Thermal noise and the white noise model. Amplitude and angle modulation, generation and detection schemes. Sampling and reconstruction, quantization. Digital baseband transmission. Overview of digital passband communications. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ECE 203, 207, (ECE 205 or MATH 211); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ECE', '004779', 'UG', 'Analog Control Systems', 'Introduction to control systems. Advantages of closed-loop feedback systems. The role of the system mathematical model. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs. The basic control system design problem, stability in control systems. Frequency response analysis techniques. Root-locus analysis. Elementary lead-lag compensation. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 207; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213; Level at least 3A Software Engineering). Antireq: ME 360, MTE 360, SE 380, SYDE 352', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ECE', '004784', 'UG', 'Digital Signal Processing', 'Fourier representations in discrete and continuous time. Discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform algorithms. Sampling theory. Sampling and quantization errors. Transform analysis of linear time-invariant systems. Filter design. Discrete Hilbert transform. Introduction to filter banks and discrete wavelet transform. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (Level at least 3B Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213, STAT 206; Level at least 3B Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 413', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'ECE', '004785', 'UG', 'Wireless Communications', 'Overview of wireless communications including standards. Characterization of mobile radio propagation channels. Signal representations. Transmission and reception techniques for wireless channels. Fundamentals of cellular communications and multiple-access schemes. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 306, 318, Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ECE', '004786', 'UG', 'Digital Hardware Systems', 'Design and modelling of digital hardware systems using a hardware description language. Development process. Impact of implementation technologies. Performance analysis and optimization. Functional verification. Timing analysis. Power analysis and optimization. Faults and testability. Reliability and fault tolerance.[Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 222 or MTE 241); (ECE 124 or MTE 262) or (SYDE 192 and SYDE 192L); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering or Software Engineering or Systems Design Eng or Computer Science/Digital Hdw Op', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ECE', '004801', 'UG', 'Distributed Computing', 'Principles of distributed computing; architectures and middleware; servers, processes, and virtualization; upper-layer network protocols, interprocess communication and remote procedure calling; concurrency, synchronization and distributed algorithms, dependable distributed systems and fault tolerance. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 252 or SE 350); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering. Coreq: ECE 358 Software Engineering only. Antireq: CS 454, 654', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'ECE', '004802', 'UG', 'Embedded Software', 'Concepts, theory, tools, and practice to understand, design, and write embedded software. This course covers computing elements, structures in embedded software, resource access protocols, uniprocessor scheduling, programming-language support, languages for MDD (model-driven development), worst-case execution time analysis, and overview of embedded distributed systems. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 350 or SE 350; Level at least 4A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering or Software Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ECE', '004806', 'UG', 'Design & Applications of Power Electronic Converters', 'Principles of power conditioning. Switching characteristics of power semiconductor devices. Computer simulation of power electronic circuits. Analysis, design, and applications of power converters. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering. Antireq: MTE 420', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'ECE', '004807', 'UG', 'High Voltage Engineering and Power System Protection', 'The course provides the fundamentals concepts of generation and measurements of high voltage ac, dc, and impulses. Briefly introduces the students to basic conduction and breakdown mechanisms of insulating materials. The scope of this course also includes understanding the basic protection system, studying the principles for protecting different elements and studying different technologies used in designing protective relays. Exposure to several state-of-art high voltage testing techniques of power system components will ensure that students have knowledge of the industrial solutions to the management of the problems associated with overvoltage and the protection mechanisms used. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ECE', '004811', 'UG', 'Radio and Wireless Systems', 'Modern transmitter and receiver architectures, Noise and linearity in radio and wireless systems, Design considerations of RF/microwave subsystems, radio and wireless system designs, CAD tools for radio and wireless systems, Antennas, Radio wave propagation models, Indoor radio, Satellite communication, Personal communication systems (PCSs). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 375 and (ECE 206 or MATH 212); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ECE', '004813', 'UG', 'Digital Control Systems', 'Performance specifications for design. Dynamic system modelling and basic system identification. Dealing with basic nonlinear effects. Sampled data systems. Discrete-time system stability and dynamic performance. Digital control system design: emulation methods, z-domain, frequency domain, pole placement. Implementation of digital controllers. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 380 or MTE 360 or SYDE 352; Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Systems Design Engineering) or (ECE 207, SE 380; Level at least 4A Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 484', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'ECE', '004816', 'UG', 'Robot Dynamics and Control', 'Introduction to the study of robotics focusing on the mechanics and control of serial manipulators. Topics include rigid body motion, forward and inverse kinematics, differential kinematics, forward and inverse dynamics, trajectory generation, motion planning, and feedback control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq:(ECE 380;Level at least 4A Comp or Elect Eng)or(SE 380;Level at least 4A Software Eng)or(MTE 360;Level at least 4A Mechatronics Eng)or(ME 360;Level at least 4A Mech Eng/Mechtr Opt)or(SYDE 352;Level at least 4A Sys Design Eng).Antireq:ME 547', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'EARTH', '004819', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences', 'This course will provide students with the foundational knowledge to become earth science literate, understanding Earth''s influence on humans and human influence on the Earth. Students will learn to think like a geoscientist by adopting four ways of thinking that take into account a systems approach, a variety of spatial and temporal scales, and field thinking. Systematically learning about rocks, geological time, natural resources, natural hazards, and water in this course will prepare students to address many challenges currently facing society and to identify future potential opportunities. [Note: EARTH 121L is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Antireq: CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'EARTH', '004820', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 121. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 121 lectures. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'EARTH', '004821', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences', 'This course presents a broad overview of earth system processes and their influence on humans. Course emphasis is placed on anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, the impacts of geologic, biologic, and atmospheric processes on humans, and the effects of human activities on the environment. Course topics include sustainable development and the availability and use of natural resources, principles of ecology and environmental science, biogeochemical cycles, climate and climate change, soils and food supply, energy systems, surface water and groundwater, waste generation and management, pollution, and catastrophic natural processes. [Note: EARTH 122L is recommended. Offered: W]', 'Antireq: ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'EARTH', '004822', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 122. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 122 lectures. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'EARTH', '004823', 'UG', 'Introductory Hydrology', 'This course is intended to provide students with a practical overview of the hydrologic cycle and all of the interesting ways water flows and interacts with its environment, both surface and subsurface. The material is both qualitative and quantitative in nature and focuses on the circulation of water through the atmosphere, soil, groundwater aquifers, as well as looking at both the global fresh and marine water systems. Emphasis is placed on the physical aspects of hydrology, and the geologic and environmental factors that control the occurrence and cycling of water on Earth, as well as the impacts caused by population growth, contamination, urbanization or land use management, and climate change. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'EARTH', '004826', 'UG', 'Introductory Geochemistry', 'Origin, abundance, and geochemistry of elements. Introduction to environmental isotope geochemistry and radiometric dating. Basic aqueous geochemistry: pH, carbonate equilibrium, and common ions in natural waters. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123, 125 or level at least 2A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'EARTH', '004827', 'UG', 'Field Methods in Hydrology', 'This course consists of field exercises and lectures designed to provide students with practical hands-on experience conducting a variety of hydrological monitoring techniques. Emphasis will be placed on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of field measurements. Field exercises will cover groundwater, surface water, meteorological, and water quality. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 123; Antireq: EARTH 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'EARTH', '004828', 'UG', 'Mineralogy', 'This course provides a systematic study of the physical and chemical properties of the major rock-forming silicate minerals. Study of mineral chemistry, the internal geometry of crystalline solids and the interrelationship of crystal structure to the physical and chemical properties of minerals. Laboratory work focuses on observing and evaluating the physical properties of minerals and rocks in hand sample in order to identity them. This course includes a weekend field trip to Bancroft, Ontario. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), EARTH 153, CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'EARTH', '004829', 'UG', 'Introductory Petrography', 'This course provides an introduction to the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Overview of textural, mineralogical, and chemical classification schemes for rocks. Introduction to silicate phase equilibria and the use of mineral stability diagrams to understand petrogenetic processes. Major relationships between tectonic setting and rock types. Laboratory work focuses on using a transmitted light microscope to study the optic properties of minerals in order to identify them as well as observe rock textures and interpret geological histories. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: EARTH 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'EARTH', '004830', 'UG', 'Stratigraphic Approaches to Understanding Earth''s History', 'An introduction to stratigraphic principles and methods used in deciphering geological history. Techniques of collecting surface and subsurface geologic data and representation of stratigraphic data. Procedures applicable to the classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units using the North American Stratigraphic Code. The development of stratigraphic sequences as controlled by global and regional tectonics and sea level fluctuations. Interrelating aspects of Earth''s physical, chemical, and biological history. Examples are drawn primarily from Canadian geology. Laboratory work will include construction and interpretation of various types of learning media such as traditional maps, cross sections, new physical and digital models, as well as extended reality. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'EARTH', '004832', 'UG', 'Introductory Structural Geology', 'Concepts of stress and strain; elementary rock mechanics; description and classification of folds, faults, foliations, lineations and joints; use of primary structures; introduction to geometrical analysis. Labs will emphasize geometrical problems, including geological maps and cross sections, and stereographic projection. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (EARTH 121 and 121L) or EARTH 153/CIVE 153/GEOE 153/ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'EARTH', '004833', 'UG', 'Introductory Applied Geophysics', 'Applied geophysics provides geoscientists with a wide-range of non-invasive methods for characterizing the Earth''s interior. This course is an introduction to the physical principles underlying field acquisition, processing, and data interpretation for commonly used applied geophysical techniques (seismic, electrical, electromagnetic induction, gravity, and magnetic methods). This course is not only pertinent for geoscientists but also for engineers and others interested in learning how physics can be used to explore the Earth''s interior or perform non-destructive testing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'EARTH', '004835', 'UG', 'Volcanology and Igneous Petrology', 'Principles and theories of the origins of volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks. Topics include the physics and chemistry of magma; igneous hazards and implications; magmatic differentiation; and igneous tectonic associations. Laboratories focus on the identification, description, and classification of igneous rocks [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'EARTH', '004836', 'UG', 'Metamorphic Petrology', 'Principles and theories of metamorphic rock genesis. Topics include static and dynamic metamorphism, recrystallization, metamorphic facies, thermodynamic equilibrium, metasomatism, and metamorphic signatures of global tectonics. Laboratories focus on the description, classification, and interpretation of metamorphic rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'EARTH', '004837', 'UG', 'Introductory Sedimentology', 'An introduction to sediment properties, sedimentation processes, and sedimentary deposits in a variety of depositional environments and climatic conditions. Processes affecting sediments after initial deposition, such as those involved in the transformation of sediments into sedimentary rocks are also examined. Laboratories will focus on the different methods to describe and interpret sediments and sedimentary rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'EARTH', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'BIOL', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'EARTH', '004839', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and GIS Applications', 'An introduction of geomorphology with emphasis on landscape-forming processes. Characteristics and development of various landforms (e.g. mountain belts, volcanoes, impact craters, and those created by erosion/deposition of rivers/glaciers) are introduced. Skills for interpreting landforms in air photos or satellite images (in Google Earth or ArcGIS) are practised in the lab work. Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Earth Sciences. Basic concepts of GIS and GIS applications in mineral exploration industry and in fieldwork are introduced. Laboratory work of GIS involves map construction and spatial analysis (e.g., landslide hazard assessment). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122, CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153, SCI 250', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'EARTH', '004841', 'UG', 'Water: Data to Decisions', 'This course explores approaches for interpreting environmental data to support water decisions using theoretical and computational techniques. These approaches focus on statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, probability, hypothesis testing, frequency and time series analyses, point patterns, and correlation and regression, and also include discussion of analytical and numerical approaches. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 121, EARTH 123, and EARTH 221. Antireq: EARTH 491 (Topic: Data to Decisions) taken winter 2021', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'EARTH', '004842', 'UG', 'Earth System Science', 'Study of the Earth as a system, with a focus on global climate history and dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, and the impacts of human activity. Critical analysis and synthesis are emphasized in the context of group presentations and discussions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122; EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'EARTH', '004848', 'UG', 'Methods in Geological Mapping', 'Field study in Sudbury and Whitefish Falls areas. Held for at least nine days at end of the winter term. Geological and geotechnical field techniques, map construction, and report writing. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply to all students. Depending on availability of space, EARTH 390 is also open to students who do not require this course in their plan. There will be an additional fee for such students. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 235. Coreq: EARTH 238, 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'EARTH', '004849', 'UG', 'Advanced Geochemistry', 'The application of chemical thermodynamics to geochemical problems. Development of the three laws of thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy and equilibria constants. Introduction to various topics in aqueous geochemistry such as mineral equilibria, ion exchange, and redox equilibria. Laboratory session will involve various experiments related to mineral solubility, chemical kinetics, acid-base equilibria, and chemical modelling. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'EARTH', '004854', 'UG', 'Advanced Structural Geology', 'Stress and strain; deformational behaviour of rocks; origin of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults; geometrical and kinematic analysis; relationships of structures from the microscopic to the megascopic scale. Labs will include simple experiments, advanced geometrical problems and observation and measurement of microstructure and fabric. [Note: EARTH 332 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436A', 'EARTH', '004855', 'UG', 'Thesis Proposal', 'The first term of a potential two-term supervised research project in which students prepare a research proposal and conduct research. Students will present their research proposal in an oral presentation and written report. [Note: In order to progress to a two-term project via EARTH 436B, a grade of 75% must be achieved in this course; Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A; Honours Earth Sciences, Environmental Science - Geoscience Specialization, and Geochemistry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436B', 'EARTH', '004856', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis', 'An optional second term of a two-term supervised research project in which students learn to gather and interpret data. Students will present their findings in a formal presentation and written thesis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 436A with a grade of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437', 'EARTH', '004857', 'UG', 'Rock Mechanics', 'Stress, strain and strength in geomaterials. Origins of stress and stress measurement methods, including hydraulic fracture and strain relief. Rock Mechanics principles and design procedures in areas of mining, civil engineering and petroleum engineering. Monitoring methods, including introduction to microseismic surveillance. Course includes laboratory and project work. [Note: Prerequisites are not listed for this course which is highly suitable for interested Engineering and Science students. However, some background in engineering, materials science, mechanics or structural geology is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'EARTH', '004858', 'UG', 'Engineering Geology', 'Review of basic concepts in engineering geology as applied to rock and soil, including material properties, variability in properties, external factors such as stress, and evaluation of design adequacy. Site investigation and characterization techniques used to define and characterize the properties of geological materials and their use in selected engineering geologic design and construction problems. Laboratory assignments will focus on the determination of physical properties and site assessment problems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'EARTH', '004859', 'UG', 'Flow and Transport Through Fractured Rocks', 'Fractures are ubiquitous in geologic media and important in disciplines such as physical and contaminant hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, and petroleum engineering among other areas. Despite the importance of fractures, its characterization and predictions of groundwater flow and contaminant transport are fraught with significant difficulties. Students are taught to deal with fractures in hydrogeology, to conceptualize them, and to build reliable models for predicting groundwater flow and contaminant transport. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'EARTH', '004860', 'UG', 'Quaternary Geology', 'Glacial-interglacial cycles and sub-Milankovitch oscillations from ocean sediments and ice cores. Quaternary geochronology. Glacial sediment-land systems. Mineral exploration techniques pertaining to glaciated terrains and hydrostratigraphic analyses of Quaternary basins. Local field trips. Laboratory studies on glacial sediments. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'EARTH', '004862', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods in Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the theory and practice of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling. Topics related to variably-saturated flow will focus on derivation of Richard''s equation, a control volume finite difference discretization, assembly and solution of the flow equation, material balance error, truncation error analysis, stability and monotonicity. Topics related to contaminant transport will focus on derivation of the contaminant transport equation, a control volume finite difference discretization along with various spatial and temporal weighting schemes and their associated accuracy, monotonicity, and material balance error. Hands-on experience is provided using software applied to industry-standard variably-saturated flow and transport problems, with an emphasis on visualization and interpretation of results. [Note: EARTH 458, a first-year linear algebra, and a second-year calculus course are recommended. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'EARTH', '004863', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to physical hydrogeology, including Darcy''s law, the groundwater flow equations for steady-state and transient conditions, applications to flow nets, aquifer testing, groundwater resources, and groundwater protection. The role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle is explored with emphasis on natural groundwater flow systems and their influence on stream flow. Physical processes controlling groundwater contamination are introduced. [Note: EARTH 123 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH (121 and 121L), (122 and 122L), CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'EARTH', '004864', 'UG', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the chemical side of hydrogeology with emphasis on groundwater quality and contaminants in the groundwater zone, the geochemical origin of major ions in natural groundwater, causes of hardness, groundwater age determination using isotopes, common causes of groundwater contamination; processes governing contaminant behaviour including dispersion, diffusion and adsorption, hydrogeologic aspects of site selection for waste disposal. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458; One of EARTH 221, CIVE 375, ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'EARTH', '004865', 'UG', 'Geophysical Data Analysis', 'Geophysical data sets require the application of specialized analysis methods to extract information about the Earth''s interior. This course covers commonly used concepts and techniques used in geophysical data analysis including spectral analysis, convolution, filtering, and sampling. Emphasis is given to the analysis and processing of radar and seismic reflection profiling data sets. [Note: A full credit in first-year Calculus is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'EARTH', '004866', 'UG', 'Near-Surface Geophysics', 'Near-surface geophysics is used to characterize the shallow subsurface for a wide-spectrum of applications. This application-oriented course covers current methodology in near-surface geophysics, including electrical, electromagnetic, ground penetrating radar, seismic refraction, and well-logging methods. Techniques for geophysical data acquisition and interpretation are studied and applied to field data. Examples of the application of geophysical techniques to archeological, forensics, geotechnical, glaciology, and hydrogeological problems are examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'EARTH', '004868', 'UG', 'Mineral Deposits', 'An introduction to the principles and theories of mineral deposit genesis. Basic technical, economic, legal, and ethical aspects of mineral exploration and responsible development of natural resources are also covered. Laboratories involve hand sample and ore petrology of suites from diverse deposits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221, 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'EARTH', '004869', 'UG', 'Field Course', 'One or more trips that emphasize field observations. Specific trips may be organized to examine field aspects of any of the disciplines within Earth Sciences or Geological Engineering. Field exercises and reports may be part of the requirements. Additional field trip fees will apply.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A; Honours Earth Sciences or Environmental Science (Geoscience Specialization) or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100R', 'EASIA', '004871', 'UG', 'Introduction to East Asia', 'An introductory survey of East Asia. This course examines common grounds and differences in the historical, cultural, economic, and political foundations of East Asian societies and states. [Note: Formerly EASIA 201R]', 'Antireq: EASIA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'EASIA', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'RS', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ECON', '004874', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microeconomics', 'This course provides an introduction to microeconomic analysis relevant for understanding the Canadian economy. The behaviour of individual consumers and producers, the determination of market prices for commodities and resources, and the role of government policy in the functioning of the market system are the main topics covered.', 'Prereq: Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ECON', '004877', 'UG', 'Introduction to Macroeconomics', 'This course introduces students to the measurement and behaviour of key macroeconomic variables both in Canada and around the world. Topics include national accounts, inflation, interest rates, wages, international balance of payments, business cycles, growth, employment, unemployment, poverty, and inequality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ECON', '004885', 'UG', 'Microeconomic Theory for Business and Policy', 'This course offers an introduction to the theory of market based economies. Topics include consumer choice, production, price and output under perfect and imperfect competition, price discrimination and two part pricing, vertical and horizontal firm boundaries and integration, and market structure.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'ECON', '004890', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Economics', 'An introduction to mathematical techniques of particular use in economics. Topics include matrix algebra, differentation, partial derivatives, optimization techniques including constrained optimization - all developed within the context of economic problems.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM103; one of MATH 104, 4U Advanced Functions, 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'MGMT', '004894', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship and the Creative Workplace', 'This course has two distinct but related components. The first explores entrepreneurship as a key input to economic activity. It also reviews numerous perspectives of entrepreneurship and introduces basic tools available for use by the entrepreneur, including the business canvas. The second part of this course explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and strategy. The design of an appropriate strategy and the implementation of this strategy through appropriate controls and structure are considered in the context of the innovative firm. [Note: Formerly ECON 220.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: ENBUS 203, ECON 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ECON', '004895', 'UG', 'Statistics for Economists', 'This course introduces students to describing economic data and drawing inferences from features of economic data. Starting from fundamental axioms of probability, students will learn about the calculation of probabilities of basic events and the features of random variables, the most important tool for representing the outcomes of complex economic phenomena. Students will describe discrete and continuous random variables via their probability distributions and summary statistics such as means and standard deviations, as well as the relationships between two random variables in terms of covariance, correlation, and simple regression models. The concepts of hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, and the fundamentals of statistical inference are discussed for basic features of random variables and for comparing the features of more than one random variable.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Coreq: ECON 211 or Science and Business students or Biotech/Chartered Professional Accountancy students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ECON', '004899', 'UG', 'Introduction to International Economics', 'This course explores international trade in goods and services, as well as the international exchange of financial assets. Economic theories will be examined, which help explain how international transactions affect the world''s economies. Topics include the theory of comparative advantage and the gains from trade, tariff theory, concepts and measurement of balance of payments, exchange rate systems, and the international monetary system.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ECON', '004921', 'UG', 'Mathematical Economics', 'This course builds on and expands the material in ECON 211. Multi-variate calculus and optimization are covered in detail, with a focus on economic applications of the envelope theorem. The implicit function theorem and its uses in comparative statics are explored. Difference and differential equations and their application to dynamic models are introduced, culminating in an introduction to optimal control.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202, ECON 211; or ECON 391; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'ECON', '004927', 'UG', 'International Finance', 'An analysis of the main issues in international finance. Topics include international borrowing and lending, intertemporal gains from trade, current account and balance of trade movements, the determination of exchange rates, and foreign exchange markets.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202 or ECON 201, 206 or ECON 206, 290. Antireq: (For Mathematics students only) BUS 443W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ECON', '004939', 'UG', 'Labour Economics', 'A study of the supply of labour by individuals (and unions) and the demand for labour by firms. Topics include the labour market effects of social assistance, unemployment insurance and minimum wages, discrimination in the labour market, efficient wage contracts, the determinants of wage inflation and unemployment.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'ECON', '004942', 'UG', 'Environmental Economics', 'Application of economic theory to problems of the environment, in particular, air, water, and land pollution. Emphasis is on the theory of the management of common property resources. Note: [Formerly ECON 357]', 'Prereq: ECON 102, ECON 391; One of ECON 322, STAT 221, STAT 231, STAT 241. Antireq: ECON 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ECON', '004943', 'UG', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis and Project Evaluation', 'Methods for evaluating private and public projects; decision rules, efficiency conditions, and methods of conducting cost-benefit analysis. Application of the technique. This course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ECON', '004944', 'UG', 'The Economics of Social Problems', 'A topic-oriented course. Problems are selected from a list that includes regulatory economics, poverty, unemployment, industrial policy, safety, social policy, government deficits/debt, stabilization policy, and others. The format assists the student in gaining analytical skills through work on the selected topics.', 'Prereq: ECON 102; ECON 201 or 290', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'ECON', '004946', 'UG', 'Business Finance 1', 'The course explores decisions faced by managers of firms. In particular, decision-makers must determine which long-term real investment opportunities to exploit. Once undertaken, managers must decide how to finance the projects, for example, by debt or equity. The course develops both the conceptual framework and the tools required for these decisions. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics; Level at least 2B. Antireq: AFM 271/273, AFM 274/371, ACTSC 372 after fall 2014', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('372', 'ECON', '004947', 'UG', 'Business Finance 2', 'This course examines a number of topics relevant to financial practitioners. The topics examined may include options, derivatives securities, futures markets, swaps and hedging. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON371; ECON211 or one of MATH106/136/146; ECON 221 or any probability and/or basic statistics course; or students in the Faculty of Mathematics ECON101 or ECON100/COMM103, ECON102 and ACTSC372 after fall 2014. Antireq: ACTSC446 (ACTSC students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ECON', '004949', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'One or more special topics courses may be offered at different times as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of five times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'ECON', '004959', 'UG', 'Econometric Theory', 'This course offers an advanced treatment of topics covered in ECON 322/323 through the extensive use of matrix algebra, statistical theory and numerical methods. After a review of the required mathematics, these tools will be used to derive the least-squares estimator for the standard linear model and to conduct inference about features of the model, checking the results of theory using regression software and economic data. Then this framework will be used for theoretical generalizations of the model and their estimation using regression software. By the end of the course, students will be able to estimate a linear model and conduct accurate inference in cases where economic data violate the assumptions of the standard linear regression model. This includes methods for dealing with heteroskedastic data, observations that may be dependent over time, response distributions with heavy tails or limited range (such as binary outcomes and count variables), and observations that may suffer from selection bias.', 'Prereq: One of ECON 321, ECON 323, STAT 221, 231, 241; Honours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'ECON', '004960', 'UG', 'Microeconometric Analysis', 'This course investigates advanced estimation and inference techniques for microeconomic data. Students will learn about error components models that are used for economic data that exhibits significant unobserved heterogeneity. The estimation of treatment effects using fixed effects and difference-in-differences methods will be covered, and design-based methods of causal inference such as matching and regression discontinuity may be covered as well. Extensions such as multilevel or hierarchical models, limited dependent variable models, duration models or selection models may also be included. Students also learn how to apply these methods using computer software, and will use it to analyze complex data from household and firm-level surveys in assignments.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; one of ECON 321, 323, STAT 221, 231, 241;\nHonours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'ECON', '004970', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Students are required to identify a research topic, conduct research independently, write a research paper, and attend class meetings. Each student is supervised by a member of the Economics faculty. Class meetings cover topics such as a general overview of research methods in economics, research ethics, finding reference material, citing practices, and effective writing and presentation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Economics or Honours Mathematical Economics (BA and BMATH) students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'ECON', '004974', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ECON', '004975', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103B', 'ENGL', '005042', 'UG', 'Varieties of English', 'Introduction to the study of varieties of the English language - regional, social, temporal, functional, and stylistic. The relations of languages and literature and of speech and writing will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108E', 'ENGL', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108', 'GSJ', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', 'Antireq: WS 108E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108F', 'ENGL', '005050', 'UG', 'The Rebel', 'A study of various works of literature in which the protagonist is a rebel against existing norms. The course will examine a number of rebel types and concepts, moral implications, and final outcomes either in successful realization or in tragic defeat.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'ENGL', '005054', 'UG', 'Introduction to Academic Writing', 'The course will explore a variety of issues in academic writing such as style, argument, and the presentation of information. Frequent written exercises will be required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'ENGL', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'EMLS', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140R', 'ENGL', '005064', 'UG', 'The Use of English', 'This course examines the use of English in a variety of contexts (colloquial, scientific, legal, political, commercial, journalistic, literary, etc.) to increase critical awareness of the language and help students write more clearly and effectively.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('190', 'ENGL', '005068', 'UG', 'Shakespeare', 'Designed for students in all faculties, the course examines some of Shakespeare''s comedies, history plays, and tragedies. Shakespeare''s variety and flexibility in developing characters and dramatic structures are stressed, as are significant themes. [Note: No previous work in Shakespeare is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200A', 'ENGL', '005069', 'UG', 'English Literatures 1', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the Middle Ages to the late 18th century, focussing on key writers and works, including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200B', 'ENGL', '005070', 'UG', 'English Literatures 2', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the late 18th century to the present, focussing on key writers and works from Britain and North America, and including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENGL', '005071', 'UG', 'The Short Story', 'This course deals with the history and techniques of the short story, with emphasis upon works by such British, American, and Canadian writers as Henry James, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, Ernest Hemingway, and Alice Munro.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202A', 'ENGL', '005072', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 1', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the Old Testament of the King James Bible (also known as the Hebrew Scripture), and of its influence on other English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202B', 'ENGL', '005073', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 2', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the New Testament of the King James Bible and of its influence on English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'ENGL', '005078', 'UG', 'The Canadian Short Story', 'The short story is Canada''s most vibrant literary form. Students will examine short stories from the 19th century to the present. Topics to be covered may include national, regional and Indigenous identity, mythology, multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism, as well as explorations of contemporary social justice issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208A', 'ENGL', '005081', 'UG', 'Forms of Fantasy', 'A study of fantasy literature, including some subgenres such as romances, fairy tales, fables, and gothic and horror fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208B', 'ENGL', '005082', 'UG', 'Science Fiction', 'Various examples drawn, for instance, from Utopian and anti-Utopian science fiction, social science fiction, \"gadget\" science fiction, parapsychology, and alternate worlds and beings will be considered. Some attention will be given to the historical development of the genre.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208C', 'ENGL', '005083', 'UG', 'Studies in Children''s Literature', 'A critical examination of works of children''s literature. Specific readings may range broadly, encompassing works as diverse as ancient folk tales and novels and poetry from the 18th century to the present day.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'ENGL', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'GSJ', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208H', 'ENGL', '005086', 'UG', 'Arthurian Legend', 'The story of Arthur and his knights of the Round Table will be discussed as it is treated at various times in various works and genres. Such matters will be considered as the character of Arthur, the concept of Camelot, and the Fellowship of the Round Table.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208K', 'ENGL', '005087', 'UG', 'Detective Fiction', 'A study of the detective novel, the novel of crime, the thriller, the novel of intrigue, and of espionage with texts drawn from various time periods and national literatures. The course includes the examination of critical approaches to the form of detective fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210E', 'ENGL', '005095', 'UG', 'Genres of Technical Communication', 'This course explores writing, presentation, and design across various genres of technical communication, with a primary focus on printed and/or online computer documentation. Other assignments might include white papers, product specifications, help-desk communication, etc.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210F', 'ENGL', '005096', 'UG', 'Genres of Business Communication', 'This course explores the genres of communication in business and other organizations. Students will study and produce instances from several of the following: reports (of several kinds), letters, email messages, marketing materials, public relations materials, and any other types of organizational communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'ENGL', '005104', 'UG', 'Canadian Children''s Literature', 'A study of 19th- and 20th-century Canadian literature for children.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ENGL', '005120', 'UG', 'Literary Theory and Criticism', 'What exactly are we doing when we study literature? By examining a selection of critical methods and theoretical approaches, this course will enhance understanding of the many different emphases, values, and priorities critics bring to literature, and the many available perspectives on what constitutes literature''s significance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 251A, ENGL 251B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ENGL', '005122', 'UG', 'Rhetorical Theory and Criticism', 'This course provides a survey of the multidisciplinary field of rhetorical studies. In addition to introducing key concepts, theoretical frameworks, and critical debates, this course examines the role of rhetoric in a range of academic disciplines and social contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305A', 'ENGL', '005124', 'UG', 'Old English Language and Literature', 'An introduction to the English language in its earliest form, and study of selected prose and poetry from pre-Conquest England in the original language, with attention to historical, cultural, and religious contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305B', 'ENGL', '005125', 'UG', 'The Age of Beowulf', 'A study of the earliest English literature in translation. The heroic epic Beowulf will be studied in depth, along with a selection of Old English poetry and prose, such as lyrics, riddles, and historical and religious writing.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306A', 'ENGL', '005126', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'Introduction to linguistics and the principles of linguistic analysis through an examination of English phonology, forms, syntax, and discourse.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306B', 'ENGL', '005127', 'UG', 'How English Grammar Works', 'This course analyzes English grammar structures, \"grammar rules,\" and the reasoning behind them. The course then examines English-language change, and considers grammar in pedagogical and multicultural contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306D', 'ENGL', '005129', 'UG', 'The History of the English Language', 'This course explores the history of the English language, from Anglo-Saxon dialects (\"Old English\"), through the combining of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, its evolution in medieval and early modern Britain, up to its transformation within multilingual and multicultural contexts. The course examines not only the evolving vocabulary and grammar of the language, but also its social history.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306F', 'ENGL', '005131', 'UG', 'Introduction to Semiotics', 'A study of systems of signs, codes, and signification in language, culture, and literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309A', 'ENGL', '005133', 'UG', 'Rhetoric, Classical to Enlightenment', 'A study of rhetorical theories from antiquity through the Renaissance to the 18th century, with an emphasis on how these theories reflect changing attitudes towards language, society, and the self.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 309B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309C', 'ENGL', '005135', 'UG', 'Contemporary Rhetoric', 'An examination of contemporary rhetorical theory and its relationships to criticism, interdisciplinary studies, and digital applications.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306G', 'ENGL', '005136', 'UG', 'Critical Discourse Analysis', 'This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of critical discourse analysis (CDA), the close study of language and its effects in social context. Students will learn to apply discourse-analytical tools to a wide range of texts, conversations, images, and other artifacts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309E', 'ENGL', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A English Rhetoric and Professional Writing or English Rhetoric, Media, and Professional Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'SPCOM', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310A', 'ENGL', '005139', 'UG', 'Chaucer 1', 'An introduction to the poetry and the prose translations of Geoffrey Chaucer, including his dream allegories, \"Troilus and Criseyde,\" and related compositions.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310B', 'ENGL', '005140', 'UG', 'Chaucer 2', 'A study of Geoffrey Chaucer''s \"Canterbury Tales\".', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310C', 'ENGL', '005141', 'UG', 'Non-Chaucerian Middle English Literature', 'Non-Chaucerian English writings during the later Middle Ages; the Middle English romance, including \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; alliterative literature, such as \"Piers Plowman\"; and representative examples of Middle English non-Chaucerian verse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ENGL', '005145', 'UG', 'Early Canadian Literatures', 'This course examines a selection of pre-1920 Canadian texts concerning first contact, imperialism, colonization, incipient nationhood, and early multi-racial immigration that participate in the ongoing invention of Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ENGL', '005147', 'UG', 'Modern Canadian Literature', 'This course focuses on the varied ways in which 20th-century writers of poetry and prose participate in the shaping of Canadian literary culture, with emphasis on the literature of the middle decades.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'ENGL', '005148', 'UG', 'Canadian Drama', 'This course explores traditions and experiments in Canadian drama through an analysis of Canadian plays, especially those from 1960 to the present, in their historical and theatrical contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ENGL', '005150', 'UG', 'Contemporary Canadian Literature', 'This course examines Canadian Literature written in the latter decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century. Literary works are studied in relation to relevant contemporary social, cultural and political topics, such as nationalism, indigeneity, multiculturalism, and diaspora.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330A', 'ENGL', '005152', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of short poems by such writers as Wyatt, Gascoigne, Whitney, Ralegh, Spenser, the Sidneys, Shakespeare, and Donne.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330B', 'ENGL', '005153', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 2', 'A study of selected genres, topics, and works from Tudor literature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335', 'ENGL', '005155', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 1', 'Designed to assist students with an interest in developing their creative writing skills in various genres, this course consists of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'ENGL', '005156', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 2', 'This course is designed to assist advanced creative writers in developing a body of work in one or more genres by means of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques. [Note: Admission by portfolio review]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A and ENGL 335', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'ENGL', '005157', 'UG', 'American Literature 1860-1910', 'A survey of literary developments in America from the Civil War through the turn of the 20th century, including significant movements of the period such as realism, regionalism, and naturalism; the New Woman''s writing and other developments in women''s literatures; popular forms such as the Western; and minority literatures.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('344', 'ENGL', '005158', 'UG', 'Modern American Literature', 'A study of American Literature from the early twentieth century through the second world war, emphasizing aesthetic innovation in the modernist movement, and its aftermath in the social writings of the 1930s.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ENGL', '005159', 'UG', 'American Literature in a Global Context', 'A study of the ways in which movements of peoples and cultures have shaped American literature. Topics may include colonialism, immigration and migration, literary influence across borders and languages, nativism and internationalism, racial and ethnic styles and exchanges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'ENGL', '005162', 'UG', 'American Literature Since 1945', 'A study of the movements of American Literature following the second world war. The course will consider the formal and cultural diversity of writing in this period, with attention to topics such as avant-garde experiment, the persistence of realism, counter-cultural politics, feminism and literature, postmodernism, and the emergence of minority writers in the mainstream.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350A', 'ENGL', '005164', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of literature by such writers as Jonson, Donne, Wroth, Herbert, Bacon, Milton, Behn, and Dryden.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350B', 'ENGL', '005165', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 2', 'An intensive study of Milton''s epic, Paradise Lost, in its historical and literary contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ENGL', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'THPERF', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ENGL', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'THPERF', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ENGL', '005168', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide an in-depth study of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('366', 'ENGL', '005169', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide a study in-depth of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'ENGL', '005175', 'UG', 'Information Design', 'The theory and practice of design for print and digital media, including the study of design concepts such as space, colour, typography, interactivity, immersion, motion, and presence. Students produce designs using professional software tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'ENGL', '005176', 'UG', 'Visual Rhetoric', 'This course introduces students to the study of images from a rhetorical perspective, including the interaction of texts and images in such professional writing fields as advertising, book illustration, technical documentation, journalism, and public relations. Issues may include visual and textual literacy, the semiotics and rhetoric of design, and the ideological basis of social communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408A', 'ENGL', '005177', 'UG', 'Writing for the Media', 'This course examines the genres and strategies of both journalism and public relations. With a strong orientation towards rhetorical and linguistic theories, this course will cover audience concerns from both within and outside organizations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408B', 'ENGL', '005178', 'UG', 'The Discourse of Advertising', 'This course introduces students to writing and editing advertising copy. Students will also be introduced to models of discourse and rhetorical analysis of advertising texts. Assignments include creating a portfolio of advertising copy and an extensive analysis of sample advertising discourse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408C', 'ENGL', '005179', 'UG', 'The Rhetoric of Digital Design: Theory and Practice', 'Students apply a variety of analytic perspectives - design discourse, multimodal discourse, rhetorical theory, social semiotics - to the design and production of a major digital project (or compilation of projects) using professional software and hardware tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'ENGL', '005185', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 1', 'An examination of the first generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Barbauld, Blake, Wollstonecraft, Wordsworth, and Coleridge.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'ENGL', '005186', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 2', 'An examination of the second generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Byron, P. B. Shelley, Mary Shelley, Keats, and Hemans.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451A', 'ENGL', '005190', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 1', 'A critical study of early to mid-Victorian literature, including authors such as Carlyle, Arnold, Tennyson, the Brontës, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Gaskell, Ruskin, and Dickens. Topics may include liberty, work, gender, class, imperialism, and poetry.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451B', 'ENGL', '005191', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 2', 'A critical study of mid to late Victorian literature, including authors such as Christina Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, George Eliot, Newman, Hopkins, Michael Field, Wilde, and Hardy. Topics may include the \"Woman Question,\" the crisis in religious faith, and aestheticism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460A', 'ENGL', '005192', 'UG', 'Early Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom before and after World War I, including such writers as Conrad, Forster, Hopkins, Mansfield, Shaw, Synge, Wilde, and Yeats.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460B', 'ENGL', '005193', 'UG', 'Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland from World War I to World War II, including such writers as Auden, Eliot, Isherwood, Joyce, Lawrence, Orwell, West, and Woolf.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460C', 'ENGL', '005194', 'UG', 'Literature of the Postwar Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland after World War II, including such writers as Beckett, Greene, Larkin, Murdoch, Osborne, Pinter, and Spark.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470A', 'ENGL', '005195', 'UG', 'Contemporary Critical Theory', 'Contemporary critical theory offers an array of competing constructions of text and culture. This course examines several topics in recent critical theory, such as gender, race, subjectivity, textuality, and popular culture.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470B', 'ENGL', '005196', 'UG', 'History of Literary Criticism', 'An historical survey of major critical texts and movements from the Greek and Roman classics to the New Criticism of the mid-20th century, examining different critical theories and practices in a context of cultural changes.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470C', 'ENGL', '005197', 'UG', 'Literary Studies in Digital Forms', 'A critical examination of literary publication, research, and criticism in digital forms.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495A', 'ENGL', '005223', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision. [Note: A grade for ENGL 495A will be submitted only after the completion of ENGL 495B.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495B', 'ENGL', '005224', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision.', 'Prereq: ENGL 495A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ENVE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), résumé writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'GEOE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), résumé writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'ENVE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'GEOE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'ENVE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2B Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'GEOE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ENVE', '005239', 'UG', 'Environmental Chemistry', 'Overview of risk, biosphere compartments and contaminant fate. Composition of water. Electroneutrality and activity. Reactions and speciation including reaction kinetics, mass transfer, vapor pressure, equilibrium, and chemical thermodynamics. Equilibrium chemistry including Log-concentration diagrams, titration and buffering intensity, dissolution/precipitation, carbonate system, hardness, and complex formation. Classification, nomenclature, physical/chemical parameters and partitioning of organic compounds. Basic redox chemistry including: half cell reactions, Faraday and Nernst equations, and pE-pH diagrams. Four labs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; 2A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ENVE', '005244', 'UG', 'Lab Analysis and Field Sampling Techniques', 'An introduction to the fundamental concepts of physical and chemical measurement of the environment. Review of basic statistics, quality assurance and control, sources of error, seasonal effects, sample preservation. Practical and essential elements of water, soil and air sampling. Introduction to measurement techniques including: colorimetry, chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemical probes, remote sensing. Design of monitoring strategies, and use of methods to assess validity of laboratory data. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 3A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ENVE', '005248', 'UG', 'Physico-Chemical Processes', 'Fundamentals of coagulation, flocculation, clarification, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, air stripping, membrane technologies, chemical reduction/oxidation, and disinfection processes with applications to natural and various engineered systems. Quantitative analysis and design of processes and applications to the treatment of drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, groundwater and soils. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, ENVE 280; 3A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ENVE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'ENVE', '005253', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent environmental engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in an environmental engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (ENVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, ENVE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVE', '005254', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ENVE 400. The final design of the major environmental engineering project proposed in ENVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in ENVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('573', 'ENVE', '005256', 'UG', 'Contaminant Transport', 'Importance and complications associated with environmental modelling, the model building process, limitations, and measures of success. Types of contaminants; transport phenomena with a focus on advection-dispersive transport; development of governing equations; types and utility of boundary and initial conditions; and mass balance considerations. Review of completely mixed systems including lakes, streams, source functions, feedback systems, and toxic substance models. Model calibration, sensitivity, and uncertainty; methods and approaches. Solute transport models and solution techniques including random walk, method of characteristics, finite difference method and finite volume method. Aspects of multiphase flow (gas/water and NAPL/water systems) with an emphasis on groundwater problems. Introduction to mass removal technologies for remediation of soil and groundwater systems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 225, 375; (Level at least 3B Environmental Engineering) or (4B Chemical, Civil, or Geological Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('577', 'ENVE', '005257', 'UG', 'Engineering for Solid Waste Management', 'The engineering aspects of solid waste management are examined. Attention is given to the engineering design and operational aspects of the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in landfill site. Design of natural attenuation sites and system reliability features for landfill designs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('178', 'ENVS', '005261', 'UG', 'Environmental Applications of Data Management and Statistics', 'This course introduces techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research, including descriptive statistics (measures of centre, variation and shape, and measures of association between two variables), statistical research designs, sampling theory, and fundamental probability theory for inferential statistics. The course also develops skills in using statistical software for data display and analysis.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('195', 'ENVS', '005262', 'UG', 'Introduction to Environmental Studies', 'This course introduces the field of environmental studies through an exploration of environmental issues that contribute to crises and challenges at the global, national and local levels. The course provides an overview of human ecological aspects of environmental studies from an inter-cultural and global perspective, and offers an integrative framework for understanding them.', 'Antireq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'ENVS', '005263', 'UG', 'Field Ecology', 'Introduces the main concepts and principles of ecology; the cycling of elements; energetics and structural organization of major ecological systems; population dynamics; impact of natural resource management practices and urban and industrial development on the environment; incorporating environmental quality considerations into development activities. The lab sessions include field trips to study natural and disturbed ecosystems, urban and applied ecology. [Note: Field trip fee normally $30+HST; will not exceed $60+HST. WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENVS', '005264', 'UG', 'Introduction to Canadian Environmental Law', 'Introduction to the basic legal framework that regulates the natural environment in Canada. The course provides students with an understanding of the foundational legal institutions in Canada and their respective roles in environmental regulation. The course includes both public and private law approaches to environmental regulation, and covers the principal regulatory tools used to protect the environment.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ENBUS', '005265', 'UG', 'Environmental Management Systems', 'The examination and evaluation of environmental management systems such as ISO 14001. Alternate EMS systems will be compared and reviewed to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses. Case studies will be used to illustrate the ideas presented.', 'Prereq: ENBUS 102; Accounting and Financial Management or Environment and Business students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ENVS', '005266', 'UG', 'Ecological Economics', 'Evaluation of various economic approaches to the environment. The links between economics, systems and the natural environment will be explored and future directions examined.', 'Antireq: SFM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('278', 'ENVS', '005271', 'UG', 'Applied Statistics for Environmental Research', 'This course examines further techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research. It builds upon ENVS 178, with a focus on inferential statistics, including sampling distributions, confidence intervals, parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests, and linear regression models. It further develops skills in using statistical software for data analysis and modeling of environmental data.', 'Prereq: ENVS 178; Environment students only. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, SDS 250R, PSCI 314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC 280, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'ENVS', '005290', 'UG', 'Study Abroad', 'Study abroad for academic transfer credit under a Faculty of Environment Exchange Program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVS', '005294', 'UG', 'Canadian Law, Indigenous Peoples, and Natural Resource Development', 'The course examines the historical development of the constitutional relationship between the Crown (the Canadian and provincial governments) and Indigenous Peoples, and the current impact of this constitutional relationship on the development of resources in Canada. Particular focus will be paid to the judicial development of Aboriginal rights and Aboriginal title, the duty to consult and accommodate Indigenous Peoples in the context of resource development, and the future trajectory of the relationship between the Crown, Indigenous Peoples, and resource developers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'REC', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'ENVS', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('469', 'ENVS', '005302', 'UG', 'Landscape Ecology, Restoration and Rehabilitation', 'Survey of the major concepts and theories of landscape ecology. Application of these concepts to case studies in restoration and/or rehabilitation. Interaction with professionals from government, NGOs or private industry on ecological issues will also be part of the course. The course includes a practical component on the planning of ecological restoration or rehabilitation projects. [Note: Field trip fee based on destination; will not exceed $100+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: ERS 335; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ERS', '005304', 'UG', 'Foundations: Environment, Resources and Sustainability', 'Introduces analytical approaches for problem definition and problem solving that are appropriate for a wide range of environment and resource issues. Considers the limitations of approaches that perceive and attempt to manage issues as isolated phenomena. Also examines alternative approaches that recognize the broader context and underlying roots in ethical positions and ecological, economic, and institutional systems.', 'Prereq: Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'ERS', '005311', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 1', 'An introduction to processes and techniques for incorporating environmental considerations in planning and evaluating proposals for future undertakings that may have significant social and biophysical effects. The course provides an overview of methodologies for, and controversies surrounding, the design and conduct of biophysical and socioeconomic impact studies, and the testing of reported findings. The main focus is on the purposes and design of environmental assessment processes, with particular reference to the Canadian federal and Ontario provincial legal mandates, and the evolution of assessment into a sustainability framework.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'ERS', '005312', 'UG', 'Introduction to Sustainable Agroecosystems', 'This course introduces and discusses the fundamental concepts of agroecology, the integration of agriculture and society, and the transition to sustainability. Topics include the impact of biotic and abiotic factors - including the use of genetically modified organisms - on crops, soil, and the agroecosystems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ERS', '005313', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering in that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ERS', '005326', 'UG', 'Ecological Monitoring', 'Through online readings and a 10-day field trip, this course provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of ecological monitoring through active participation in programs applying protocols developed by the Smithsonian Institute/Man and the Biosphere Program. The course is a collaborative effort with professional staff from selected governmental agencies, and independent organizations. [Note: Field trip fee normally $750+HST; will not exceed $1000+HST. Offered: After spring examinations, prior to the fall term.]', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'ERS', '005332', 'UG', 'Waste Management', 'This course will deal with the solid waste system, landfilling, incineration, energy from waste, recycling, composting, reduction and reuse. The context will be primarily Ontario and municipal waste management.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ERS', '005339', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 2', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215, this course places more emphasis on case studies and projects by students. The course provides a synthesis of ecological, physical, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional concerns, as well as experience in the use of impact assessment methodologies and approaches, as a key element in achieving more informed and responsible decision making.', 'Prereq: ERS 215; ENVS 200 or International Development students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'ERS', '005342', 'UG', 'Communities and Sustainability', 'Exploration of the interconnected roles that communities at various scales\ncan play in a transition towards sustainability. Examination of structures, options, initiatives, and decision-making processes involving a wide range of concerns, opportunities, and applications. Illustrative cases include largely urban communities, the urban periphery, and the broader influences that affect them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'ERS', '005345', 'UG', 'Corporate Sustainability: Issues and Prospects', 'A course that examines the ways in which sustainability issues and business operations have interacted, considering progressively ''greener'' corporate responses and broader sustainability challenges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B; Not open to Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ERS', '005346', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ERS', '005370', 'UG', 'Social Ecological Systems Analysis', 'This course provides an opportunity to learn and begin to apply systems-based tools in the context of an interdisciplinary research problem defined by the student in cooperation with the teaching-team. Students are provided with an introduction to the conceptual tools of systems thinking and resilience that help understand the dynamics of social change and social innovation. These conceptual tools will then be applied by students to provide a framework for interdisciplinary research and to develop a richer understanding of a case study of fostering social change and building adaptive capacity.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only; Antireq: ERS 311', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'ERS', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PSCI', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'ERS', '005386', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 3', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215 and ERS 315, this course will focus on the latest concepts and applications of assessment principles and practices. The course focus will vary from year to year following development in the field. Topics may include assessment into land use planning and community design, policy and program assessment, and assessment of new technologies and alternative futures.', 'Prereq: ERS 315', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ERS', '005388', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403A', 'ERS', '005401', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is for students who have defined a problem, which fits within the scope of research in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. ERS 403A normally leads to the production of a research proposal and the beginning of the research tasks; this process may vary slightly, depending on the nature of the research. The research process and thesis write-up will continue and be concluded in ERS 403B. [Note: Students who wish to take this course should begin intensive planning and discussion with potential advisors in a field relevant to their intended research 6-12 months prior to the course. Students must secure agreement with a professor in SERS to act as the thesis advisor no later than 4 months prior to the start of the course. Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403B', 'ERS', '005402', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is a continuation of ERS 403A. It normally consists of a continuation of the research process that began in ERS 403A and leads to the completion of the research and the thesis write-up. It is for students who have defined a problem related to the mission and scope of the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. The procedures outlined in ERS 403A must be followed. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'FINE', '005422', 'UG', 'Modern Art: 1874-1945', 'A study of the culture of Europe and North America from 1874 (Impressionism) to 1945 (Nazi propaganda) with particular focus on the visual arts. Topics such as primitivism, Cubism, abstraction, artists'' reactions to calamitous world events such as World War 1, and various methodologies, including semiotic and Marxist analyses, will be explored through reading and writing assignments. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'FINE', '005425', 'UG', 'Art: 1780-1875', 'A study of art and architecture in European and American culture between 1780 and 1875. Some of the pertinent themes discussed include art and revolutions, art and the Industrial Revolution, the rise of landscape painting, the urban environment, the exotic, and the erotic. Cross-cultural influences and the complex relationship between the traditional and the ''modern'' are particularly emphasized. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'FINE', '005427', 'UG', 'Renaissance Art: 1300-1500', 'An examination of the art of the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe. Amongst the many themes that will be explored in this course are mediums (including exploitation of oil paint), scientific perspective, humanism, court structures, art and mercantile sectors, and prominent collectors. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'FINE', '005429', 'UG', 'Art of the 16th Century in Europe', 'Some of the finest works of art in the western world were produced and some of the most successful artists flourished in this tumultuous century that saw the split in the western Christian Church and the continued rise of extraordinarily powerful court families and monarchs. This course will examine these works of art and the artists against this backdrop. Arranged according to patrons, the course also examines particular stylistic trends (Mannerism, the persistence of the Gothic, etc.) as well as other pertinent issues such as collecting, the writing of art history, the teaching of art, and the role of the artist in society. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('214', 'FINE', '005430', 'UG', 'Visual Culture of Medieval Europe', 'This course explores the visual culture of medieval Europe from the fourth century to the 13th century. The primary focus of this course is the dynamic intersection of cultures and faiths with particular emphasis on emergent and evolving Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, as expressed in architecture, sculpture, manuscripts, metalwork, textiles, and more. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'FINE', '005431', 'UG', 'Art of the 17th Century in Europe', 'Art of the 17th century. This course focuses on art produced in Italy, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Various types of art (history painting, portraiture, still life, etc.) and architecture (churches, palaces, city homes, etc.) are discussed in relation to the primary political, religious, and societal concerns that characterize the different geographical regions. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'FINE', '005435', 'UG', 'Oil Painting', 'Various technical methodologies of oil painting and pictorial composition are developed in this course through a series of explorations in observation and abstraction. The plurality of approaches available to painters today is set within a contemporary critical context. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'FINE', '005438', 'UG', 'Acrylic and Mixed Media', 'This course takes a materially specific approach to painting projects involving acrylic and mixed media. Emphasis is placed on creative problem solving in the context of contemporary art practice. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'FINE', '005439', 'UG', 'Principles of Sculpture', 'This studio course is designed to introduce students to a variety of traditional and contemporary approaches, materials, processes, and conceptual concerns related to working in sculpture. Through demonstrations, presentations, critiques, and discussions, students gain expertise and develop a sculptural vocabulary. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'FINE', '005440', 'UG', 'Methods and Materials of Sculpture', 'This studio course emphasizes practical applications of traditional and contemporary materials, processes, and conceptual concerns. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'FINE', '005441', 'UG', 'Clay Studies', 'Students will explore the creative development of clay and examine cultural, historical, and personal modes of expression using a variety of construction techniques. Students will explore figurative and abstract sculptural concepts to develop a working knowledge of clay as a sculptural medium. The emphasis is on design, form, and visual thinking. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'FINE', '005442', 'UG', 'Expressive Drawing', 'Expressive drawing techniques are emphasized through study with the life model. Conceptual drawing projects provide the student with the opportunity to produce bodies of work. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'FINE', '005443', 'UG', 'Observational Drawing', 'Observational techniques are used to develop an understanding of the principles and concepts of drawing practice. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'FINE', '005445', 'UG', 'Printmaking', 'Students are introduced to a variety of printmaking processes. Techniques explored include etching, engraving, monoprinting, collograph, and lithography. Training in traditional skills is combined with opportunities for individual expression. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'FINE', '005452', 'UG', 'Design and Imaging', 'In this course students will explore the fundamentals of design through a series of exercises and assignments that cultivate artistic expression and technical skill. Through an exploration of both analogue and digital processes, students will learn to apply the principles of aesthetic design to a variety of contexts, including two-dimensional space, three-dimensional form, and digital frameworks. [Note: Studio course. Previous experience with digital imaging software is useful.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100 or 130; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone. Antireq: DAC 201; GBDA 101; FINE 228/GBDA 228 taken prior to fall 2017', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'FINE', '005453', 'UG', 'Analogue and Digital Photography', 'Students will explore black and white analogue (film) and digital photography techniques and history, taught through a series of exercises, with an emphasis on fine arts practice. [Note: Studio course. Students are required to own or have access to a fully manual 35mm film camera and/or digital camera.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'RS', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FINE', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'RS', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'FINE', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'FINE', '005475', 'UG', 'Art and Gender', 'A study of selected themes dealing with gender in the history of art: e.g., the representation of the human body; portrayal of mythological, spiritual, and allegorical figures; professional and amateur artists and their status within societies; etc. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'FINE', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CLAS', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'FINE', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'CLAS', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'FINE', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'INDG', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'FINE', '005485', 'UG', 'Contemporary Art', 'A survey of contemporary international art movements with emphasis on work since 1970. Readings in contemporary criticism and gallery visits are an integral part of the course. [Note: Art History course. To be taken in 2B.]', 'Prereq: VCULT/FINE 101; FINE 112, 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'FINE', '005499', 'UG', 'Topics Course in Museums, Galleries, Curatorship', 'Often taught by the University of Waterloo Curator, this course explores a range of topics dealing with museums, galleries, and curatorial practices. Field visits may be a required component of this course. [Note: A field trip fee of up to $100 may be required. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'FINE', '005500', 'UG', 'Art of the 18th Century in Europe', 'This course is designed to introduce students to the culture of 18th-century Europe. Particular attention is paid to France and Britain but these countries are discussed within the wider context of Europe and, at times, much of the world. By looking at the art, artists, patrons, and collectors, some of the issues that will be discussed include cosmopolitanism, nationalism, empire-building, \"taste\", consumerism, and women in society. [Note: Art History course. Formerly FINE 331]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: FINE 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FINE', '005501', 'UG', 'History of Art Academies', 'This course examines the history of the institutionalization of the teaching of art. The course is organized as a series of case studies dealing with various formal academies of art and less formal gatherings of artists from the Renaissance to the 20th century. The aims of the course are to analyze why these institutions were formed, how they were organized, what were their mandates, and what was their status in their contemporary worlds. Some of the themes that will be investigated throughout the course include: art in the service of power and politics, the status of the artist, the ideal human form, the classical and medieval traditions, the impact of the avant-garde, the conflict with authority, and the academy as community. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Fine Arts or History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'FINE', '005523', 'UG', 'Technology Art Studio', 'This unique upper-level course is focused on interdisciplinary collaboration. Students work in teams to create aesthetically and technically engaging works of art that bridge the worlds of fine art and engineering. Students learn about conceptual development and critical analysis, prototyping, iterative design, and interactivity. The course provides the opportunity for students to share knowledge and develop skills outside of their discipline. Through lectures and presentations students are exposed to a history of art that uses different forms of technology and interactivity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'FINE', '005533', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 1', 'This thesis course involves an intensive exploration and development of individual studio research through practice and experimentation, resulting in the production of a significant body of work. Students will be guided by the work of relevant artists and theorists. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FINE', '005534', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 2', 'This thesis course will continue to guide students in the development of their individual studio research as they work towards completion of a significant body of work supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'FINE', '005535', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 1', 'This course provides Fine Arts students with an opportunity to study a range of topics that will explore, expand, and refine personal areas of interest in studio practice. Students will be required to undertake a range of classroom assignments in addition to working independently on an area of focus. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts faculty.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'FINE', '005536', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 2', 'Students will research and execute a series of self-directed projects, addressing historical precedents in the context of the concerns of contemporary art practice, and supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts Faculty.', 'Prereq: FINE 474', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('151', 'FR', '005547', 'UG', 'Basic French 1', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French not exceeding Year Two (Grade 10 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: One of FR 101, Ontario Grade 9 or 10 French. Antireq: FR 152, FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 11 French, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('152', 'FR', '005548', 'UG', 'Basic French 2', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French, not exceeding Year Three (Grade 11 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: FR 151 or Ontario Grade 11 French. Antireq: FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192A', 'FR', '005551', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 1', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: One of FR 152, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French. Antireq: FR 192B; High school Immersion or Extended French; near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192B', 'FR', '005552', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 2', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: High school Immersion French or Extended French or FR 192A. Antireq: Near-native or native ability in French.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'FR', '005565', 'UG', 'Introduction to Phonetics of French', 'An introduction to the structure of the French sound system with a view to improving pronunciation. Careful attention will be paid to the individual student''s difficulties.', 'Prereq: FR 192A or 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'FR', '005579', 'UG', 'Intermediate Spoken French', 'A course intended to develop the oral and aural skills. [Note: Formerly FR 250A]', 'Coreq: FR 192B. Antireq: FR 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'FR', '005580', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 1', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FR', '005582', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 2', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'FR', '005586', 'UG', 'Business French 1', 'A French language course designed to enable the student to carry on standard business practice in spoken and written French.', 'Prereq: Two of FR 192A, 192B, 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'FR', '005593', 'UG', 'French Civilization 1', 'This course traces the cultural development of France from its origin to the French Revolution. Emphasis is given to the study of music, art, architecture, literature, ideas, and daily life in their historical context. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'FR', '005594', 'UG', 'French Civilization 2', 'This course completes the study of the cultural development of France from the French Revolution to the present. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'FR', '005601', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'An introduction to the basic principles of linguistic analysis (as opposed to traditional grammar) applied to the sounds, vocabulary and sentence structure of contemporary standard French and certain features of current Canadian French. Students'' language learning needs will be an important feature of the course.', 'Prereq: FR 251 or 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FR', '005605', 'UG', '17th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 17th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'FR', '005609', 'UG', '18th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 18th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'FR', '005613', 'UG', 'French Language 3', 'Intensive development of writing skills through a study of stylistics and advanced composition.', 'Prereq: FR 251, 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'FR', '005616', 'UG', '19th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 19th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'FR', '005619', 'UG', '20th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 20th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'FR', '005625', 'UG', 'Quebec Literature', 'A study of selected texts by modern French-Canadian authors.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399A', 'FR', '005634', 'UG', 'Independent Cultural Study', 'An independent study course, in which the student chooses an area of French life on which to make a detailed study (topic must be approved by the department). A written cultural studies report is submitted, on which the student is examined orally.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'FR', '005635', 'UG', 'Advanced Translation', 'Intensive development of advanced comparative stylistics, translation, and composition skills.', 'Prereq: FR 353; one of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'FR', '005640', 'UG', 'Topics in Linguistics', 'A study of selected topics in linguistics. Topics will be chosen by the professor according to their area of specialization. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 203 or FR 303', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('410', 'FR', '005642', 'UG', 'Medieval French Literature', 'An introduction to French literature of the Middle Ages through the study of representative texts.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'FR', '005648', 'UG', '16th-Century French Literature', 'A focused study of a particular theme of Renaissance (1500-1600) writing.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'FR', '005651', 'UG', 'Advanced French Language', 'Intensive study of French composition, style, and grammar.', 'Prereq: One of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'FR', '005652', 'UG', 'Francophone Literatures in Canada', 'A detailed study of a selected genre or aspect of French-Canadian literature.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FR', '005653', 'UG', 'Aspects of French Canada', 'A presentation of traditional and contemporary French Canada in the fields of the arts, literature, music, politics, and society.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'FR', '005657', 'UG', 'Children''s Literature in French', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of French and French-Canadian children''s literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'FR', '005658', 'UG', 'French Women Writers', 'A study of selected works by women writers in France from the Middle Ages to the 21st-century. The course will focus on the literary features of these works and on their value as reflections of the position of women in French society throughout the period.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'FR', '005660', 'UG', 'African and Caribbean French Literature', 'A detailed survey of selected Francophone writers from outside Europe and Canada.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'FR', '005661', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'FR', '005662', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'MTE', '005779', 'UG', 'Digital Computation', 'Introduction to electronic digital computers, hardware and software organization, examples of efficient numerical algorithms for basic scientific computations. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CHE 121, CIVE 121, ECE 150, GENE 121, ME 101, MSCI 121, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'GENE', '005780', 'UG', 'Electrical Circuits and Instrumentation', 'Charge, current and voltage. Voltage and current sources, resistors, capacitors and inductors. Ohm''s Law, Kirchhoff''s Laws, nodal analysis, Thevenin and Norton models, instrumentation amplifier circuits, time response, impedance. Function and characteristics of basic electrical transducers. Resolution, precision and accuracy. Basics of data acquisition. [Note: Normally labs are held alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, Management or Mechanical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'GENE', '005786', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'GENE', '005787', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GENE', '005788', 'UG', 'International Studies in Engineering', 'Engineering students register for this course for credit towards the International Studies in Engineering Option upon return from study or work terms abroad. Credit will be assessed on the basis of a written report and individual interviews. The report may include technical, non-technical, and professional aspects of the foreign residence experience. It may discuss socio-economic aspects of life in the foreign country, and it may compare and contrast conditions in the country or countries involved in the student''s international experiences, or trace the social or political histories of those countries. In all cases the report must include materials addressed to the needs of other students considering a similar experience. The instructor for this course is the Option co-ordinator. Restricted to students who intend to complete the International Studies in Engineering Option. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'GENE', '005789', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GENE', '005807', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GENE', '005809', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'GENE', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Engineering students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PHIL', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'GENE', '005812', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'MSCI', '005813', 'UG', 'Technical Entrepreneurship', 'Technical entrepreneurship is examined considering the role of independent business, entrepreneurial behaviour, types of business and enterprises, business structure, sources of venture concepts and capital, company operation and control, and business start up. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('501', 'GENE', '005816', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('502', 'GENE', '005817', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('503', 'GENE', '005818', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GEOE', '005820', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent geological engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a geological engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (GEOE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, GENE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GEOE', '005821', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of GEOE 400. The final design of the major geological engineering project proposed in GEOE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in GEOE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GEOG', '005823', 'UG', 'Human Geographies: People, Space and Change', 'An introduction to human geography through key subfields of the discipline, examining population change, the rise of cities, our relationship to nature, social inequalities, economic forms, cultural difference and environmental change at the local and global scale.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GEOG', '005824', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Systems: Processes and Change', 'An introductory course in the study of the energy and mass flows that impact the climate and landscape of the Earth system. There is focus on understanding processes of change and variability as well as the impacts of humans on these systems that increasingly define the Anthropocene.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305', 'GEOG', '005834', 'UG', 'Fluvial Geomorphology', 'Emphasis on concepts related to fluvial processes, river mechanics, the relationship between environmental change and river regime. Selected topics include fluvial processes and landscape formation, flow and sediment regimes, channel processes, form and behaviour, river response to natural and anthropogenic change, and river management. [Note: Formerly GEOG 201]', 'Prereq: GEOG 205 or ENVS 274 001 F19 or level at least 2A Environmental Sciences, Water Science Specialization students. Antireq: GEOG 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GEOG', '005839', 'UG', 'Geography of the Global Economy', 'An introduction to globalization of the world economy through an examination of its causes, patterns, and consequences in a variety of geographic contexts.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101 or ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'GEOG', '005895', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and the Southern Ontario Environment', 'Study of the origin and evolution of landforms with emphasis on southern Ontario. Analysis of geomorphic processes. Study of human impact on geomorphological landscapes. The lectures will be supplemented by field trips and field work required for term projects. [Note: Field trip fee normally $55+HST; will not exceed $75+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 201/305 or 209; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GEOG', '005898', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrology', 'Fundamental processes in physical hydrology are addressed. Components of the water balance are examined to determine the nature of their variation in time and space. Precipitation, interception, infiltration, groundwater and soil water processes, evapotranspiration, runoff and storage will be examined from a theoretical and practical viewpoint, and their linkages demonstrated by lab and fieldwork. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'GEOG', '005902', 'UG', 'Physical Climatology', 'Principles of physical climatology with emphasis on regional and global change and variability. Topics include radiation and energy balances, general circulation patterns, synoptic development and micro-climatology.', 'Prereq: GEOG 102 or EARTH 121 or Science and Aviation plans', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'GEOG', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PLAN', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'GEOG', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PLAN', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'GEOG', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'PLAN', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GEOG', '005911', 'UG', 'Geographical Study of Canada', 'An exploration of the geographical bases of Canada''s regional identity. How physical, demographic, and economic geographies have combined to create unique regions within Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'GEOG', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 230, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('383', 'REC', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 280, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'GEOG', '005924', 'UG', 'Settlements of Rural Canada', 'An historical perspective is used to explore the shifting identities of Canada''s dispersed and nucleated rural settlements. Rural growth, decline and restructuring are examined, including a discussion of how various intervention approaches stimulate changes.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GEOG', '005934', 'UG', 'Geography of Transportation', 'Focuses on Canadian transportation systems and issues and is organized into three modules: links between transportation and regional economic development, urban land use - transportation interactions, and sustainable transportation. Approximately one-quarter of the course focuses on analytic techniques including network analysis, category analysis, and the gravity model. Particular attention is paid to trends in air travel and related issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Geography, Geomatics, Planning, or Science and Aviation students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'GEOG', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'PLAN', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'GEOG', '005945', 'UG', 'Resources Management', 'Reviews selected theories, methods, and terminology related to economic, behavioural, institutional and decision-making aspects of resources and environmental problems.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 2B Faculty of Environment students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOG', '005978', 'UG', 'Field Research', 'Field research course in which a specific area will be analyzed from a geographic point of view. Individual or group analysis of specific field problems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $50+HST; will not exceed $150+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293 or GEOG 294; ENVS 278. Antireq: GEOG 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'GEOG', '005982', 'UG', 'Approaches to Research in Human Geography', 'This course develops student skills in the area of research in human geography emphasizing all aspects of design, measurement, and evaluation with a particular emphasis on personal transferable skills (e.g., oral and written communication, working as part of a team). [Note: Formerly GEOG 393]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Geography and Environmental Management, Geography and Aviation, or Geomatics students only. Antireq: GEOG 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('405', 'GEOG', '005992', 'UG', 'Wetlands', 'Basic concepts on the distribution, classification, development, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of wetlands with an emphasis on temperate and boreal/subarctic systems. Human impacts, restoration and reclamation of wetlands are considered with the view of wetlands as functional ecosystems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123 and ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'GEOG', '005994', 'UG', 'Environmental Hydrology of Terrestrial Ecosystems', 'This course focuses on ecological and biogeochemical processes that are linked to the terrestrial hydrological cycle and how these relate to the management of natural resources. The objectives of this interdisciplinary course are to explore topics that integrate ecosystem processes with physical hydrology and examine the impacts of human activities on ecohydrological and hydrochemical processes within terrestrial systems. This course focusses on the storage and movement of water, solutes and nutrients within selected ecosystems (forests, agricultural, wetlands), considering the biogeochemical consequences of human activity such as climate change, wetland drainage, agriculture, and forest harvesting. [Note: WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('409', 'GEOG', '005996', 'UG', 'Energy Balance Climatology', 'A field and lecture course including the radiation and energy balances of various surfaces, the principles of turbulent energy exchange, and the biotic response to the energy environment. These concepts will be illustrated through the collection and examination of field data. The student will be responsible for presentation of a seminar on an assigned topic as well as presentation of the results of research incorporating data collected at the University of Waterloo weather station.', 'Prereq: GEOG 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('411', 'GEOG', '005998', 'UG', 'The Digital Economy', 'This course explores the spatial, social, cultural, and economic impacts of digital and social media on society from the perspective of economic geography. Content will cover contemporary issues about digital media and economic spaces that create spatial patterns (including international differences) of digital media access and use, social media economies, the sharing economy, influencer and streamer economies, and global online work platforms.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 F17, GEOG 474 001 S18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'GEOG', '006007', 'UG', 'Geographies of Development', 'Examines international development theories and practice, emphasizing the interactions between social, economic, political, and environmental dimensions at the micro- and macro-scales. Selected case studies illustrate divergent outcomes of development and the contested process that development represents.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A Faculty of Environment students only. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 W18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'GEOG', '006008', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'GEOG', '006009', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430C', 'GEOG', '006010', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'GEOG', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PLAN', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'GEOG', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'PLAN', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'GEOG', '006015', 'UG', 'Energy and Sustainability', 'Renewable and non-renewable energy supply systems are compared using economic and environmental measures. Consumption trends and conservation options are considered at the local and global level. Projects are used to demonstrate the economic and environmental challenges in the design of a sustainable energy system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'GEOG', '006019', 'UG', 'Remote Sensing Project', 'Digital image analysis for resource mapping and evaluation using remote sensing data. Topics range from initial data selection to final map production and assessment. Using commercial image analysis software, students will analyse data for a selected area and produce a portfolio of results. In addition, they will undertake a literature review on a selected topic and present highlights of the review at an end-of-term mini-conference.', 'Prereq: GEOG 371; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'GEOG', '006045', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Preparation', 'Preparatory work and first draft of thesis. [Note: Students must have a thesis advisor for department consent to be granted. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293/393 or 294/394; Level at least 3A Honours', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'GEOG', '006046', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Completion', 'Completion of thesis. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 490A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GER', '006056', 'UG', 'Elementary German 1', 'This course aims to bring German language, culture, and everyday life into the classroom. Students with little or no prior knowledge are introduced to the structure of German and develop their listening/comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Classes are communicative and emphasize interaction in German. Online exercises and audio/video materials accompany each chapter of the textbook. [Note: GER 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GER', '006057', 'UG', 'Elementary German 2', 'A continuation of GER 101. [Note: GER 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 101. Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GER', '006070', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 1', 'This course continues the work of GER 101/102. It offers practice in speaking, reading, and writing, with vocabulary building, grammar, and exercises in comprehension. [Note: GER 201 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 201 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 102 or 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GER', '006072', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 2', 'Strengthening of communicative skills, grammar review, vocabulary building, written practice, and conversation on issues of contemporary life in German-speaking countries. [Note: GER 202 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 202 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'GER', '006084', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: Objects', 'An exploration of human-made objects that open up perspectives on German-speaking society and culture. Objects to be studied might include the Berlin Wall, the swastika, Luther''s Bible, donairs, and Volkswagens. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'GER', '006085', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: People', 'An exploration of key figures whose contributions to the arts and intellectual life have shaped German-speaking society and culture. Persons to be studied might include Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Leni Riefenstahl, and Hannah Arendt. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'GER', '006125', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the fall term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'GER', '006128', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the winter term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'GER', '006143', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'German Honours students in their third or fourth year may complete, with departmental permission, a major project, the results of which must be presented in a substantial essay. The topic should reflect the student''s field of interest. [Note: Requests for permission should be submitted to the undergraduate officer, in consultation with the intended faculty advisor, and should include an outline of the project and a bibliography. The project will be assessed and graded by two faculty members.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'GER', '006144', 'UG', 'Reading Course in Approved Topics', 'Reading course in topics chosen in consultation with an advisor. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401A', 'GERON', '006160', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401B', 'GERON', '006161', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GRK', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'RS', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GRK', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'RS', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GRK', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'RS', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GRK', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'RS', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GRK', '006175', 'UG', 'Greek Composition, Grammar and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: GRK 202/RS 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'HIST', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'LS', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HIST', '006196', 'UG', 'War and Society in Europe, 1914-1945', 'This course explores the impact of World Wars 1 and 2 on European society, with a special emphasis on the experiences of the ordinary person.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'HIST', '006208', 'UG', 'Canadian History Through Biography', 'An examination through lectures and films of the lives of Canadian men and women who have played formative roles in developing the Canadian nation. Examples will be drawn from such areas as politics, religion, business and labour, social reform, arts and entertainment, and sports.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'HIST', '006209', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Western Intellectual History Since the Renaissance', 'An exploration of some of the questions and answers posed by thinkers on the human predicament from Renaissance and Reformation times to the modern period. Readings range from Luther to J.P. Sartre, Shakespeare to Marx and Freud.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'HIST', '006211', 'UG', 'Canada at War', 'This course introduces students to the ways in which historians have examined Canada''s military experience. Beginning with the Boer War, and continuing through the two World Wars and the post-war era, students examine the political, social, as well as military effects of war on Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'HIST', '006219', 'UG', 'The Modern World in Historical Perspective', 'This survey of the 20th century explores the non-Western world''s response to a series of selected global themes: the rise of the West; post-colonialism; war and peace; human migration; culture; international organizations; climate change; human rights; disease; and globalization.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HIST', '006220', 'UG', 'History and Film', 'An introduction to issues in modern cultural history through the study of selected narratives and documentary films with supplementary reading, lectures, and discussions. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'HIST', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'REC', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'HIST', '006239', 'UG', 'Smallpox to Medicare: Canadian Medical History', 'Starting with Aboriginal medicine, the course examines topics such as the rise of the medical and nursing professions, changing public attitudes to health and disease, and the evolution of the Canadian health insurance system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'HIST', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'CLAS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'LS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'HIST', '006243', 'UG', 'British History to 1485', 'A survey of the main stages in the transition of Britain from a remote province of the Roman Empire to a prominent state in post-Reformation Europe. Within the chronological framework, political and constitutional as well as ecclesiastical and social developments will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'HIST', '006246', 'UG', 'A History of Popular Culture', 'This course introduces students to the history of Western popular culture and may include the study of popular literature, spectacle and performance, witchcraft, crime, sexual attitudes, consumption, sports, advertising, and the media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'HIST', '006263', 'UG', 'Racism and Response in Canadian History', 'The \"race problem\" has appeared on the Canadian public agenda, but the issue is not of recent origin. This course examines Euro-Canadian attitudes and practices toward non-European minorities from pioneer times to the present and sets racial policies in the context of the evolution of a Canadian national identity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'HIST', '006267', 'UG', 'The Holocaust in History', 'An examination of the Holocaust in the context of the history of modern racism. Study topics will include historic anti-Judaism, scientific racism and the development of modern antisemitism, Nazi \"race\" ideology, wartime policies from ghetto to genocide, resistance movements, Nuremberg trials, Holocaust denial, and universal lessons from the Holocaust.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'HIST', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CLAS', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'HIST', '006281', 'UG', 'History of Modern China, 1911 to the Present', 'Some of the topics studied in this course include: the three stages of warlordism, the May Fourth Movement, and the structure of society in the People''s Republic of China.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'HIST', '006285', 'UG', 'European Business History: From Workshop to Factory and Beyond', 'This course examines the changing nature of work and the workplace in Europe and the impact of those changes on European society. The objective of this course is to develop a better understanding of today''s workplace and its challenges by exploring its historical roots and the forces that gave it shape.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'HIST', '006291', 'UG', 'Mennonite History: A Survey', 'This course covers Mennonite origins, teachings, migrations, settlement patterns, divisions, leaders, institutions, and religious and social practices, indeed all facets of Mennonite history in various national settings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HIST', '006296', 'UG', 'Canada and the Americas', 'This course will examine the economic, cultural, and diplomatic aspects of Canada''s relationship with the United States, Latin America, and the Commonwealth Caribbean from the time of the American Revolution to the present.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'HIST', '006298', 'UG', 'What is History? An Introduction to Historical Thinking', 'This course provides a collegial learning setting within which students are introduced to techniques of historical writing and research, and some examples of the best of recent historical scholarship.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'HIST', '006302', 'UG', 'Canada: Cultures and Conflicts in the Colonial Era', 'This course examines the major themes in pre-Confederation Canadian history including the rise and fall of New France, the creation of British North American societies in the Maritimes and Upper Canada, and economic and political development.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'HIST', '006304', 'UG', 'Canada Since 1867: A New Nation', 'This course examines Confederation, the rise of political parties, Canadian external relations, western discontent, the impact of both World Wars, and political and economic changes in Canada since 1867.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'HIST', '006309', 'UG', 'The United States Through the Civil War Era', 'This historical survey focuses on the emergence of the United States as a nation. The topics explored may include Indigenous peoples, slavery, race, gender, labour, immigration, urbanization, culture, sectionalism, politics, and ideologies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('258', 'HIST', '006310', 'UG', 'The United States Since the Civil War Era', 'This course begins in the aftermath of the Civil War and ends at the present day. Topics may include major social movements, the place of the United States in world politics, immigration and imperialism, and the economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'HIST', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MEDVL', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'HIST', '006316', 'UG', 'Early Modern Europe 1450-1700', 'This course examines European life in the Early Modern Period (1450-1700) and investigates the social, political, religious, and intellectual changes during the Renaissance, the Reformations, and the era of explorations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'HIST', '006317', 'UG', 'The Age of Revolution: Europe in the 19th Century', 'This period marks the emergence of modern-day Europe. The course focuses on the way in which European society, politics, and culture changed, and why. It also examines the continent''s descent into war in 1914.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'HIST', '006342', 'UG', 'The Vietnam War', 'The Vietnam War, the longest war in U.S. history, was fought on two fronts, by American GIs abroad and anti-war protesters at home. Those two subjects, as well as a history of the war from Vietnamese perspectives, are the focus of this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'HIST', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'LS', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('329', 'HIST', '006352', 'UG', 'Origins of the Common Law', 'A study of the common law of England from its introduction in the 11th century to the 15th century. Original documents and court cases will be examined.', 'Prereq: HIST 236/LS 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HIST', '006359', 'UG', 'A Social History of Europe: 1789-1914', 'European society amidst the dramatic changes of the 19th century. Emphasis is given to the impact of the French and industrial revolutions on class, the family, religion, and living conditions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HIST', '006360', 'UG', 'The Nazi Occupation of Europe', 'This course examines the nature and impact of Nazi occupation on Western and Eastern Europe preceding and during World War II and the responses of the people occupied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'HIST', '006372', 'UG', 'Russia: From Tsars to Putin', 'This course examines the history of Russia and the Soviet Union from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Topics include: origins and nature of the Russian Revolution, communist society, Stalinism, the Cold War, and impact of the communist experience on contemporary Russia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'HIST', '006373', 'UG', 'Nazi Germany', 'An examination of the social, economic, and political history of Nazi Germany. Topics may include the rise of the Nazis, the secret police, war, population policies and mass murder, culture, and women.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'HIST', '006377', 'UG', 'Canada''s Social History', 'A topical consideration of key themes, approaches, and chronologies in the history of society in Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('379', 'HIST', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'RS', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'HIST', '006381', 'UG', 'From Macdonald to Laurier: Canada, 1841-1921', 'A topical examination of major political and social developments over this eighty-year period. These include Irish immigration, Confederation, the Riel rebellions, social reform, the development of labour and business, and the Boer and First World Wars.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('388', 'HIST', '006384', 'UG', 'Modern Canada', 'Lectures, tutorials, and independent research will provide a decade-by-decade examination of the central social, political, and economic themes that have helped characterize \"modern Canada\".', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('389', 'HIST', '006385', 'UG', 'Canada in World Affairs', 'An analytical and historical examination of Canadian foreign policy in the international system. Domestic sources of Canadian foreign policy and international sources of Canadian foreign policy are examined in detail.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'HIST', '006390', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'HIST', '006392', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'HIST', '006416', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Special Topics', 'Under exceptional academic circumstances a student may seek permission to pursue a course of independent study under the direction of a faculty member. The special topic is determined in consultation between them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A History majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'HLTH', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GERON', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'HLTH', '006421', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 1', 'This course will be of interest to students pursuing careers in health and those with a general interest in health and health care. Various perspectives of the concepts of health and illness will be introduced. Emphasis is on understanding the origins, factors and conditions that determine health throughout the lifespan, how these factors influence one another and the role/impact of health care. Additional topics include how health is measured, the leading causes of death, illness and disability, as well as how health status has changed throughout history. Students will also learn how to research and critically analyze the health literature and discuss important health issues with their peers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HLTH', '006422', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 2', 'This course expands upon the general concepts introduced in HLTH 101 while extending the discussion to include issues such as: additional barriers to health; disease prevention; and methods used to plan, monitor, and improve individual and population health. Discussion will include when various interventions are justified and why, and where and when combinations of policies, treatments, education, and other approaches are necessary. The health of Canadians relative to that of people in other countries, as well as the inequalities that exist in health status within Canada and around the globe will be examined. Case examples will be used to illustrate points.', 'Prereq: HLTH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'HLTH', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'GERON', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A Gerontology Minor or Option in Aging Studies or Diploma in Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'KIN', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'HLTH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'GERON', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'PSYCH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'HLTH', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102 or PSYCH 101/101R or 121R Antireq: HLTH 220, GERON 220 (Cross-listed with GERON 320)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'GERON', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102, or PSYCH 101/101R/121R; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'HLTH', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'GERON', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HLTH', '006431', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology and Public Health', 'An introduction to the basic biological and toxicological processes that determine the effects of environmental pollutants on human health. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms that give rise to chronic or delayed health effects, such as cancer, genetic mutations, and birth defects.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273, CHEM 120, and one of KIN 217, CHEM 233, 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HLTH', '006432', 'UG', 'Principles of Pathobiology', 'An introduction to the study of biological factors governing disease in humans that will use selected diseases to identify risk factors and illustrate pathogenic mechanisms. The role that behaviour has in modifying biological response to disease may also be considered.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273 and (KIN 217 or CHEM 233 or 237)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'KIN', '006434', 'UG', 'Human Nutrition and Metabolism', 'This course will examine advanced nutrient metabolism and the interplay between diet, biochemistry, and health and disease outcomes. Challenges in assessing dietary intake and the impact of aging and other behaviours such as exercise on nutritional status will be examined. Approaches used in nutritional research will also be introduced.', 'Prereq: KIN 146; One of KIN 217, CHEM 233, CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HLTH', '006437', 'UG', 'Principles of Environmental & Occupational Health', 'Methodological approaches to the detection, assessment, and management of toxic hazards (especially carcinogens) in the workplace and external environment. The health effects of chemical toxicants on specific human organ systems (lung, nervous system, immune system, etc.) are also examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'HLTH', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'GERON', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'KIN', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'SOC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'REC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'HLTH', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth Year School of Public Health Sciences students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GERON', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth year Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'HLTH', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'KIN', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'HLTH', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PLAN', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'GEOG', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432A', 'HLTH', '006445', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (A)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432B', 'HLTH', '006446', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (B)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 432A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'HLTH', '006447', 'UG', 'Experimental Methods', 'This course focuses on the key issues related to the design, conduct, analyses, and interpretation of experimental studies. Examples will be drawn from animal research investigating disease mechanisms and from clinical and population studies investigating efficacy of preventive or therapeutic strategies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health and Health Systems students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'HLTH', '006448', 'UG', 'Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases', 'This course builds upon the concepts learned in HLTH 333. The primary objective is to provide an understanding of the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of non-communicable disease epidemiology. The course emphasizes understanding of epidemiologic methods and identification of risk and protective factors.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HRM', '006474', 'UG', 'Basic Human Resources Management', 'Examines the major areas of human resources administration including recruiting, salary administration, labour relations, benefits administration, employee relations, labour law, and organizational behaviour. Reviews the role of human resources administration in organizations and the manner in which human resources executives contribute to the well-being of a total enterprise. [Offered F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131R', 'SDS', '006501', 'UG', 'Political Ideologies and Social Development', 'This course introduces major political ideologies, their influence in political institutions and public discourse, and their impact on contemporary Canadian social policy and social development. [Note: Formerly ISS 131R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150R', 'SDS', '006502', 'UG', 'Lifespan Processes', 'This course is an introduction to human development that spans conception to death. It provides an overview of events which occur throughout the lifespan and considers how biological, psychological, and social factors may impact healthy development. [Note: Formerly ISS 150R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220R', 'SDS', '006503', 'UG', 'Changing Concepts of Childhood', 'Childhood has changed as a social and cultural concept. This course will trace these changes, examining sociological, psychological, cross-cultural, historical and political factors. Art and literature will also be used to reflect attitudes about childhood. [Note: Formerly ISS 220R]', 'Antireq: HIST 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240R', 'SDS', '006504', 'UG', 'Art and Society', 'Social issues and themes explored through the arts. Topics include art and social change, war and peace, propaganda, art of conscience, and the response of artists to poverty, hunger and catastrophic events. Specific applications include art as cross-cultural awareness and art as therapy. [Note: Formerly ISS 240R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SDS', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, GBDA 205, ISS 250A/B, ISS 250R, KIN 232, LS/SOC 280, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SWREN', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SDS', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SWREN', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'SDS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'RS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350R', 'SDS', '006510', 'UG', 'Adult Life Crises and Events', 'A study of normal events occurring during the adult years, why they happen, and how we cope with them. Relying on research, popular literature, and life experiences, students examine social change, the future, adult development and adjustment. [Note: Formerly ISS 350D]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 150R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'SDS', '006513', 'UG', 'Values and Contemporary Families', 'An exploration of how religious, economic, political, and other social institutions shape values in our society, and what impact society''s changing values are having upon families. [Note: Formerly ISS 350H]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'SDS', '006514', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R [Formerly ISS 398R], 399R; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'SDS', '006515', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R, 399R [Formerly ISS 399R]; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SDS', '006516', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499A. A numeric grade for SDS 499A will be submitted only after completion of SDS 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Social Development Studies', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SDS', '006517', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499B]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ITAL', '006518', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 1', 'An intensive study of the fundamentals of Italian grammar and conversation.', 'Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ITAL', '006519', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 101, with more emphasis on conversation and everyday uses of language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 101. Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ITAL', '006522', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 1', 'Advanced study of grammar. Conversation sessions based on intermediate-level readings reflecting contemporary Italian life. Intensive practice in the spoken and written language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 102 or 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ITAL', '006523', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 201.', 'Prereq: ITAL 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ITAL', '006524', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Italian Society', 'Through lectures, discussions, and readings in Italian, this course studies diverse aspects of contemporary Italian society, such as politics, the arts, food, fashion, and popular culture. In addition to improving their language comprehension and cultural awareness, students will expand their vocabulary and improve their oral and written competencies in Italian.', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'ITALST', '006526', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 1', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, and the arts - up to and including the Renaissance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ITALST', '006527', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 2', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, painting, and music - in the post-Renaissance period, with emphasis on modern Italy.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ITALST', '006528', 'UG', 'Medieval Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literature of the Middle Ages, with special reference to selections from the major works by Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'ITALST', '006529', 'UG', 'Renaissance Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literary production of the 15th and 16th centuries, focusing on selections from the major works by writers of the period.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'ITALST', '006530', 'UG', 'Italian Cinema and the Novel', 'A survey of some of the principal novels of 20th century Italy as they have been adapted in film by Italian directors. Students will study literary and cinematic representations of themes such as the rise of the Italian bourgeoisie, the economic boom of the 1960s, domestic violence, and organized crime.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ITALST', '006531', 'UG', 'Modern Italian Poetry and Theatre', 'This course studies the works of major Italian poets and playwrights, modern and contemporary, paying special attention to works by women authors.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'ITAL', '006532', 'UG', 'Special Topics/Directed Readings', 'This course gives the student an opportunity to study authors and works of special interest which are not covered in other courses. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'JAPAN', '006535', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no knowledge of Japanese to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Hiragana Writing System provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: JAPAN 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 111R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'JAPAN', '006536', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 2', 'Listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills acquired in JAPAN 101R are further developed. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Katakana Writing System are used to develop a more solid grammatical base.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111R', 'JAPAN', '006537', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 1', 'An introductory course to develop basic comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills specifically related to the Japanese business culture. This course is designed for students with little or no previous knowledge of Japanese. [Note: JAPAN 111R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112R', 'JAPAN', '006538', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 2', 'A continuation of JAPAN 111R designed to further develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Language skills required for the business environment are stressed.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'JAPAN', '006539', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 1', 'A continuation of the study of grammar and vocabulary through development of listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. Some study of Japanese culture is also included. By the end of the course, 120 Kanji (Chinese characters in their Japanese readings) will have been introduced.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 102R or 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'JAPAN', '006540', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 2', 'In this course students continue to develop their language skills with an increased emphasis on spoken Japanese. In addition, students work on improving grammatical accuracy and vocabulary development as well as continue to acquire basic information about Japanese culture. The writing of an additional 200 Kanji is taught.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301R', 'JAPAN', '006541', 'UG', 'Third-Year Japanese 1', 'This course concentrates on advanced conversation, polite forms, and idioms. It provides an opportunity to revise and practise the Hiragana and Katakana writing forms. Upon completion, students should be able to write 800 characters and use a Japanese dictionary with ease.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 202R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'KIN', '006543', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy', 'Regional anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the anatomy of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The course focuses on the bones, muscles, and neurovasculature of the limbs and trunk.', 'Coreq: KIN 100L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100L', 'KIN', '006544', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy Laboratory', 'Regional gross anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The anatomy is explored using pre-dissected human cadavers. For the limbs and trunk, the emphasis is placed on structures (muscles, nerves, and bones) involved in gross movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104L', 'KIN', '006545', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Kinesiology Laboratory', 'This lab provides exposure to techniques utilized in the discipline of kinesiology. Students will gain practical skills in tests that measure cardiovascular function, neuromuscular function, and body composition.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'KIN', '006550', 'UG', 'Biomechanics of Human Movement', 'This course will provide students an understanding of human movement from a mechanical perspective, which enables identification of potential risks for injury, optimizes exercise prescription, and promotes understanding of clinical evaluations. Specifically, concepts related to functional anatomy, muscle and passive tissue mechanics, anthropometry, electromyography, and linked segment mechanics are introduced and applied to clinical, occupational, and athletic situations.', 'Prereq: PHYS 111, KIN 104, KIN 104L, MATH 124 or MATH 127; Coreq: KIN 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'KIN', '006552', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy of the Central Nervous System', 'Functionally-oriented anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and the tissues they innervate using pre-dissected cadavers. Major functional systems, including somatosensory and motor pathways, special sense pathways, and integrative systems of the brain, will be examined through an understanding of anatomical connectivity.', 'Prereq: KIN 100, KIN 100L or BIOL 201/301', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'KIN', '006555', 'UG', 'Human Biochemistry', 'An elementary course in human biochemistry including the metabolism and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymatic function, energy metabolism, and introductory genetics. Emphasis is placed on clinical and medical applications.', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or 121; Kinesiology, Health Sciences or Honours Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'KIN', '006557', 'UG', 'Introduction to Neurological Disorders', 'An introduction to selected neurological disorders and their implications for physical activity. The neurological disorders examined include those which accompany neuromuscular and perceptual-motor impairment, intellectual disability, cardiovascular and respiratory disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273. Antireq: KIN 242', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'KIN', '006560', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Neuroscience', 'An introduction to the principles of the nervous system control of movement, cognition, and learning. The course will introduce the basic structure and function of the nervous system as it relates to understanding the control of movement and behaviour. The course will provide a foundation for understanding the neural mechanisms of learning, recovery from injury to the nervous system, and the factors that determine skilled performance.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, PSYCH 101, KIN 104, KIN 104L; Coreq: KIN 255L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'KIN', '006568', 'UG', 'Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sport and Activity', 'This course will introduce students to a variety of common orthopedic injuries sustained during sport and activity. Topics covered include the mechanisms of injury, tissue injury biomechanics, pathophysiology, initial assessment, management, and prevention of acute and chronic trauma.', 'Prereq: (KIN 100, KIN 100L) or (BIOL 201/301); Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'KIN', '006574', 'UG', 'Psychology of Physical Activity', 'This course will provide an overview of the field of sport and exercise psychology and examine how various factors impact our interest, passion, and commitment to sport, exercise, and physical activity. Topics include personality, motivation, team dynamics, coaching psychology, interventions, aggression, body image, and youth development through sport.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'KIN', '006575', 'UG', 'Sensory Systems Neuroscience', 'This course will examine how different regions of the nervous system interact to shape our perception, decisions, memories, movements, and consciousness. The focus will be placed on the role of the sensory systems in transducing external stimuli into neural activity, how sensory information is processed within and across sensory modalities (i.e., multisensory integration), and the implications for nervous system function. Topics will be considered from developmental, injury, disease, and aging perspectives.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'KIN', '006576', 'UG', 'Motor Learning and Neuroplasticity', 'This course will examine the neural control of movement and how experience shapes brain reorganization to support skilled motor ability. Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies will be considered with an emphasis on leveraging principles of motor learning to skill acquisition and skilled performance in sport/occupational environments and the rehabilitation of movement disorders/injuries.', 'Prereq: KIN 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'KIN', '006578', 'UG', 'Environmental Physiology', 'This course will examine the human cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses at rest and during exercise in altered gravitational, thermal, humidity, and barometric environments.', 'Prereq: KIN 308/408', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('416', 'KIN', '006581', 'UG', 'Neuromuscular Integration', 'An examination of the neural processes involved in the maintenance of posture and the control of movement.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273 or PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'KIN', '006582', 'UG', 'Occupational Biomechanics', 'A course designed to provide the student with knowledge to reduce the risk of injury and increase worker productivity. Issues include identification of injury risk factors, understanding injury mechanism, quantitative assessment of injury risk and intervention strategies to reduce the risk of injury. Specific examples include the use of computerized models and EMG methods to analyze low back loading, optimizing tool design and workspace layout and the examination of related issues such as office seating and vibration.', 'Prereq: KIN 320', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'KIN', '006583', 'UG', 'Human Posture, Balance and Gait', 'This course will provide a detailed understanding of the kinematics, kinetics, and neural control of standing posture, stepping, walking, and running. Measurement techniques and the interpretation of movement data will be emphasized from biomechanical and neural control perspectives. Applications to aging and pathology will be emphasized.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('425', 'KIN', '006584', 'UG', 'Biomechanical Modelling', 'This course will examine the quantitative measurement and analysis of the human musculoskeletal system. Multi-segment dynamic movements will be studied using computer programs, with emphasis on kinematics, kinetics and energetics, as well as the use of EMG in the assessment of the control of the movement. Examples are presented from pathological, normal, and athletic movement.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'KIN', '006586', 'UG', 'Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of a research proposal on an approved topic. The topic may include survey, field, laboratory, theoretical, or applied research, program evaluation, mathematical modelling, fitness appraisal, etc. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'KIN', '006601', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposed in KIN 431. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: KIN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'KIN', '006616', 'UG', 'Senior Essay', 'An extensive critical review of the literature on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. The topics will be broader in scope than those associated with specific research proposals.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'KIN', '006631', 'UG', 'Applied Sport Psychology', 'An examination of the methods and techniques for developing psychological skills to enhance performance and personal growth. Focus will be on learning strategies to increase the ability to self-regulate and influence others'' behaviour and improve performance. Topics may include confidence, mental toughness, imagery, concentration, and attention.', 'Prereq: KIN 354', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'KIN', '006632', 'UG', 'Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Movement', 'This course provides a comprehensive introduction to neuropsychology, with emphasis on the implication for movement and discussion of how neurological disorders reflect disturbances at different stages in the sequence of information processing.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 306. Antireq: PSYCH 307, KIN 456', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'KIN', '006633', 'UG', 'Cognitive, Emotional and Motor Assessment', 'This course is designed to provide the student with an introduction to the principles underlying the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions. Measurement issues associated with test development and use, factors involved in the administration and interpretation of test results, and methods of report writing will be examined. Students will learn to administer a number of test instruments used in the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions.', 'Prereq: KIN 456/359. Antireq: KIN 457', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'KIN', '006634', 'UG', 'Seminar in Kinesiology', 'An examination of current major issues and trends in Kinesiology. Students select areas of major interest from a series of faculty introduced topics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'KIN', '006640', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Special Topics', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through guided independent research and/or reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration. [Note: May be repeated in subsequent terms.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'KIN', '006661', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology -- Sports Injuries Assessment', 'Practical experience in the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of sports injuries under the supervision of a Certified Athletic Therapist. Case presentations and musculoskeletal assessments are discussed in a group setting.', 'Prereq: KIN 340; Kinesiology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'KIN', '006664', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology: Movement Assessment Practicum', 'Practical experience in movement assessment of persons from various special populations such as the normal elderly and those with neurological, degenerative, or developmental disorders. Motor functions involving gait, posture, and balance or upper-limb movements will typically be examined in these assessments.', 'Prereq: KIN 242/312, 456/359, 416, 422; Cumulative overall average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'KOREA', '006666', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 1', 'An introductory course for students who have no or little knowledge of Korean to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills along with a sound basis of grammar. The distinctive features of the Korean language and writing system are introduced. Practical oral, reading, and writing exercises develop the students'' grammatical skills. Particular emphasis is placed on the acquisition of a basic working vocabulary. [Note: KOREA 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'KOREA', '006667', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 2', 'Students deepen their understanding of basic grammatical (particularly verb, noun, and adverb) forms and sentence construction and enlarge their general vocabulary. Reading ability is expanded, and more attention is given to idiomatic expressions and the use of the language in actual contexts.', 'Prereq: KOREA 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'KOREA', '006668', 'UG', 'Second-Year Korean 1', 'Designed for students who have completed KOREA 102R or the equivalent. To achieve a balanced Korean language proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, a variety of teaching materials and methods is used. The text includes adapted versions of short stories, essays, and poems.', 'Prereq: KOREA 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'LAT', '006670', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 1', 'A course designed for students beginning the study of Latin or who have not yet reached the level expected in LAT 201/202. Although the teaching approach emphasizes exposure to simple texts as soon as possible, students desiring minimal competence in reading should go on to do LAT 102.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'LAT', '006671', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 2', 'Continuation of LAT 101. Most of the rules of Latin grammar will be covered by the end of the year, and students should have a minimal competence in reading prose texts; but for the remaining grammar and further practice students should go on to do LAT 201.', 'Prereq: LAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'LAT', '006673', 'UG', 'Intermediate Latin', 'The course will complete the study of Latin grammar and move on to unadapted readings in Latin authors, particularly Caesar.', 'Prereq: LAT 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'LAT', '006674', 'UG', 'Selections from Latin Authors', 'A course designed to follow LAT 201, including both literature and grammar review. Authors normally read are Vergil and Ovid.', 'Prereq: LAT 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LAT', '006678', 'UG', 'Latin Composition, Grammar, and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'LAT', '006689', 'UG', 'Medieval Latin', 'Survey of Medieval Latin poetry and prose.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'LAT', '006692', 'UG', 'Latin Epigraphy', 'The course introduces and investigates Latin inscriptions as evidence for the Latin language and Roman political, religious, legal, social, and economic history.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ME', '006703', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice 1', 'This course is focused on fundamental knowledge and skills essential for academic and professional development in mechanical engineering. It covers basic methods and principles used by mechanical engineers, e.g., fundamentals of technical communication, the design process and problem solving, measurements and data analysis, engineering professionalism, safety, and intellectual property. The fundamentals of engineering graphical communication using computer-aided design (CAD) and freehand sketching will be a significant component of this course. Written, graphical and oral communications are emphasized. Examples are drawn from Mechanical Engineering. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'ME', '006704', 'UG', 'Electrical Engineering for Mechanical Engineers', 'Definitions of electric and magnetic fields. Introduction to circuit theory (direct current) DC circuits, amplifiers, operational amplifiers, single- and three-phase (alternating current) AC circuits. Introduction to basic electronic devices. [Note: Labs are alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: GENE 123', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ME', '006706', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'A continuation of First Year calculus, focusing on calculus of scalar and vector functions of several variables. Both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differentiation, total derivatives, chain rule, transformation of variables, Taylor series. Applications include geometrical problems, error estimation, maxima and minima, least squares curve fits. Multiple integration in standard coordinate systems, Jacobians. Vector calculus, divergence, curl, Laplacian, and Stokes'', Green''s and Divergence theorems. Scalar flux transport, work and energy, conservative force fields. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ME', '006707', 'UG', 'Statistics for Engineers', 'Frequency distributions; measures of central tendency; standard deviation and other measures of dispersion. Probability. Binomial, Poisson, normal distributions. Techniques of sampling and statistical estimation. Tests of hypotheses; significance. The t-test and chi-squared test. Curve fitting by least squares. Statistical process control. Correlation and regression. Experimental design. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'ME', '006708', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Solution of ordinary differential equations. First and higher order differential equations. Nonlinear equations. Linear equations with constant and variable coefficients. Systems of linear equations. Applications involving simple dynamical systems and principles of mass, momentum and heat conservation will emphasize the role of ordinary differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. Introduction to the Laplace transform method for solving ordinary differential equations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'ME', '006709', 'UG', 'Dynamics', 'An introduction to the kinematics of particle and rigid body motion. Impulse-momentum equations. Work-energy methods and Euler''s equations. Simple gyroscopes. Vibrations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115, MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'ME', '006710', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'The relevance of materials to engineering practice. The microstructure of materials, crystallinity and crystal imperfections, glasses, and amorphous solids. Elastic and plastic deformation in metals, viscoelasticity of plastics. Strengthening mechanisms in metals, polymers, and ceramics. Fracture of brittle and ductile solids. Electrical and magnetic properties of materials. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: ME 235, MTE 111', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219', 'ME', '006711', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 1', 'Concept of equilibrium, force analysis of structures and structural components, equilibrium of deformable bodies, stress and strain concepts, stress-strain relationships, stress analysis of prismatic members in axial, shearing, torsional and flexural deformations, shear force and bending moment diagrams. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or 2B Management Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ME', '006712', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 2', 'A general treatment of the behaviour of structural components from the study of stress and strain in solids. Topics include superposition, energy theorems, theories of failure, elastic and inelastic analysis of symmetrical bending, torsion of circular members, columns and stability, and virtual work. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'ME', '006713', 'UG', 'Control of Properties of Materials', 'Phase equilibria, non-equilibrium behaviour, heat treatment of metals, diffusion, strengthening processes. Alloying, composite materials, cold and hot working. Failure of engineering materials; creep, fatigue, corrosion and other environmental degradation processes. Prevention of service failures. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ME', '006714', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 1', 'The engineering science of energy. The scope and limitations of thermodynamics. Macroscopic approach to heat, work, energy and the First Law. Properties and state of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume energy analysis. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, principle of increase of entropy, limiting cycle efficiencies, criteria for equilibrium. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering or level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: MTE 309, SYDE 381', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'ME', '006715', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microprocessors and Digital Logic', 'Number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra. Karnaugh maps and combinational logic design. Sequential logic and state machines. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming using ladder logic and statement list. Microcomputer structure and operation, I/O and interfacing. Assembly language programming. Laboratory work includes microcomputer and PLC programming. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('269', 'ME', '006716', 'UG', 'Electromechanical Devices and Power Processing', 'Review of circuit analysis. Basic electromagnetic theory. DC machines, synchronous generators, transformers, and induction motors. Introduction to typical speed and torque control techniques of machines using power electronic based devices. [Note: Labs: Alternate Weeks. Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Option', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'ME', '006718', 'UG', 'Advanced Engineering Mathematics', 'A continuation of ME 201 and ME 203 in which both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differential equations of mathematical physics: wave, diffusion, Laplace, Poisson equations. Boundary and initial conditions. Separation of variables. Numerical methods for ordinary and partial differential equations. Applications will emphasize the role of ordinary and partial differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, 203; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ME', '006721', 'UG', 'Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines', 'Principles of the geometry of motion, uniform and non-uniform motion, linkage, gears, cams. Synthesis and analysis of mechanisms. Consideration of the static and dynamic forces in machines. Vibration analysis, response to shock, motion and force transmissibility, vibration isolation. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 201 or MTE 202) and (ME 212 or SYDE 182); Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ME', '006722', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 1', 'Adequacy assessment and synthesis of machine elements with a focus on the design process. Static failure of ductile and brittle materials, fatigue analysis of structures. Topics include the design of welds, bolted connections, springs and shafts. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 220, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'ME', '006724', 'UG', 'Manufacturing Processes', 'The principles of manufacturing unit processes including casting, forming, machining and joining. Interactions between design, materials (metals, polymers, ceramics) and processes. Advantages and limitations, relative cost, and production rates of competitive processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219, 230; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ME', '006725', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 1', 'Physical properties of fluids and fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics. Hydrostatics. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. Flow similarity and dimensional analysis as applied to engineering problems in fluid mechanics. Laminar and turbulent flow. Engineering applications such as flow measurement, flow in pipes and fluid forces on moving bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 250 or Coreq: MTE 309); Level at least 3A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'ME', '006726', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 1', 'Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation and solution of steady and transient heat conduction. Radiant heat transfer including exchange laws and view factors. Introductory convective heat transfer. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 250, 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'ME', '006727', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 2', 'Emphasis on applications of thermodynamics to flow processes. Real fluids, evaluation of state functions of real fluids. Non-reacting mixtures, reacting mixtures, equilibrium considerations. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 250; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'ME', '006728', 'UG', 'Introduction to Control Systems', 'Open loop and feedback control. Laws governing mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal control components. Analogies. Analysis of some engineering control systems using block diagram algebra, transient and steady-state operation. Different modes of control. Review of Laplace Transform methods. Concepts of stability. Principles of analog computer simulation. Brief treatment of linear flow graphs and bondgraphs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 203, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ME', '006729', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 2', 'Basic equations of two-dimensional flow, potential flow, exact viscous solutions. Introduction to lubrication, boundary layers, turbulence, and compressible flow. Turbomachinery fundamentals and applications. Selected advanced topics. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering or 4A Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ME', '006731', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Workshop', 'In this course, students study the design process, including needs analysis, problem definition; design criteria and critical parameter identification, generation of alternative solutions; conceptual design, detailed design, optimization; and implementation. Most of the term is devoted to a significant design project in which student groups work independently and competitively, applying the design process to a project goal set by the faculty co-ordinator. The design project typically includes construction of a prototype, and part of the course grade may depend on the performance of the prototype in a competitive test. In exceptional circumstances, the requirement for a prototype may be replaced by a computer simulation, or may be waived. Other mechanical engineering faculty members, particularly those teaching 3B courses, are available to provide advice and supervision to ME 380 students. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 380', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'ME', '006734', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 2', 'A continuation of the ME 322 course in analysis and synthesis of machinery, including advanced analysis of machine elements such as clutches, brakes, couplings, journal bearings and gears. Advanced machine design concepts such as reliability, optimization and techniques for stimulating innovative design. A synthesis project involving the machine elements studied is usually included. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 322; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'ME', '006736', 'UG', 'Industrial Metallurgy', 'This course is intended for those students interested in acquiring a working knowledge of metallurgy. It covers: metals and alloy systems, iron-carbon alloys, heat treatment and the function of alloying elements in steel, corrosion and scale resistant alloys, copper and nickel base alloys, light metals and their alloys; casting, hot and cold working of metals; soldering, brazing and welding; corrosion and oxidation; metal failure analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ME', '006739', 'UG', 'HVAC Load Analysis and Design Fundamentals', 'Advanced psychrometric analysis applied to HVAC system design. Duct design and fan selection. Indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Heating and cooling load calculations. Heat flow through building elements. Solar radiation and solar gains through windows. Infiltration and exfiltration. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architectural, Chemical, Civil, Environmental, or Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'ME', '006740', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 2', 'Selected topics in heat transfer fundamentals and applications. Topics to be covered include the fundamentals of convection with analytical solutions to simple laminar flow problems and approximate solutions to turbulent flow problems based on analogies between momentum and heat transfer. Also covered is radiant exchange in grey enclosures and in black enclosures containing emitting-absorbing gases. The remaining topics will be chosen from design of heat exchangers; condensation heat transfer; boiling heat transfer; and the treatment of problems in heat conduction. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'ME', '006741', 'UG', 'Energy Conversion', 'Review of reserves and consumption trends of Canada''s and the world''s energy resources. Design of fossil-fuel central power plants, including boiler efficiency calculations and advanced steam and binary cycles. Review of atomic physics including fission and fusion energy. Design of nuclear fission power plants including design of reactor core for critical conditions, fuel cycles and radiation hazards. Design considerations for solar energy conversion devices including: availability of solar energy, solar-thermal converters, thermal storage and photovoltaics. Principles of fuel cells and some aspects of their design. Other topics as appropriate. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 353, 354 and level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering) or (MTE 309 and level at least 4A Mechatronics Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ME', '006745', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 1', 'The first of two required courses for the mechanical engineering capstone design project. This course is intended to enable students to engage in in-depth engineering design and decision-making using engineering science while encouraging creativity and resourcefulness, and addressing the criteria listed in the faculty of engineering design rubrics. Students will work in small groups on a design project of their own choosing, or as part of a major student team project. The goal is to develop a design proposal, consisting of the needs analysis, design specifications and project plan, followed by the initial and detailed design work. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 380; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'ME', '006746', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ME 481. The final design of the major mechanical engineering project proposed in ME 481 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design and proof of feasibility of the solution proposed in ME 481. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 380, 481; Level at least 4B Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 482', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'ME', '006748', 'UG', 'Advanced Dynamics and Vibrations', 'This course is a continuation of ME 212 and ME 321. It includes study of planar and three-dimensional motion of rigid bodies and systems, including gyroscopic effects. Vector (Newton''s Method) and analytical (Lagrange''s Equation) methods are used to derive equations of motion. Linear vibrational analyses are performed to examine natural frequencies, stability, and mode shapes. Computer simulation of non-linear systems is discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 212 and 321; Level at least 4A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('531', 'ME', '006751', 'UG', 'Physical Metallurgy Applied to Manufacturing', 'This course will allow the student to develop a more in depth knowledge of physical metallurgy and its application in understanding and solving relevant manufacturing problems. It will begin with a treatment of solid-state diffusion, mass transport and the principles of solidification including constitutional supercooling. This knowledge will then be applied to understand the microstructural development (and resultant properties) which occur in materials during manufacturing processes including casting, solid-state heat treatments, laser processing, and various joining operations. The course will include case studies aimed at providing the students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in a practical way. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('533', 'ME', '006752', 'UG', 'Non-metallic and Composite Materials', 'This course is intended to provide an advanced treatment of the structure, properties, and processing of non-metallic and composite materials based on polymers, metals, and ceramics. The structure and properties of polymers and ceramics in bulk form and as matrices and reinforcements in composites will be covered. Processing methods for non-metallics and composites (example extrusion, injection molding, etc.) will be considered. The geometrical arrangement of fibres within laminae and their influences on elastic and strength properties of composites will be described based on suitable micromechanical models. The role of the matrix and fibre/matrix interface in determining composite properties will be described. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('535', 'ME', '006754', 'UG', 'Welding Metallurgy', 'Metallurgy of welding of steels (carbon, microalloy, low alloy and stainless steels), cast irons, aluminum-based, copper-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, titanium-based and other alloys, (including dissimilar combinations) to explain the effects of welding processes and conditions (including post-weld heat treating) on microstructure and properties; causes and prevention of defects and deficiencies which can occur in different alloys, including porosity, cracking, embrittlement (hydrogen, temper, strain aging, ductile-brittle transition temperatures), overaging; metallurgy of soldered and brazed joints. Laboratory experiments will demonstrate microstructural effects and defects in a range of alloys for different welding processes and conditions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230, 435, 436; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'ME', '006755', 'UG', 'Welding and Joining Processes', 'Introduction to modern welding and joining processes for metals, polymers and ceramics. Fundamentals of the joining process and the influence of the process parameters on weld dimensions, strength and quality. Fusion welding processes such as shielded metal arc, gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, submerged arc welding and others including electron beam and laser beam welding. Resistance welding processes, solid-state welding processes, soldering and brazing. Laboratory exercises will provide hands-on experience with a number of industrially significant welding processes. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 230 or MTE 111; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('547', 'ME', '006762', 'UG', 'Robot Manipulators: Kinematics, Dynamics, Control', 'Homogeneous transformations, D-H convention, forward and inverse kinematics. Differential transformations and Jacobians. Robot dynamics. Programming, trajectory generation and joint control. End-of-arm sensing and outer loop control. Industrial applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (ME 212 or SYDE 182) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: ECE 486', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('548', 'ME', '006763', 'UG', 'Numerical Control of Machine Tools 1', 'Operation fundamentals of NC machine tools. NC part programming: manual and CAD/CAM methods. Mechanics of metal cutting: examples of turning, milling, and drilling. Tool wear and breakage. Optimum cutting conditions. Dimensional and form errors due to static deformations. Dynamics of machining. Laboratory work provides hands-on experience in tool path generation, machining, and measurements of cutting forces and vibration. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 262 or MTE 262) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('555', 'ME', '006764', 'UG', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Need for geometric modelling, historic developments; wire frame models; hidden line removed models; polyhedral models; surface models and solid models. Constructive solid geometry; boundary representation and decomposition modelling. Hybrid models. Data structures and their role in modelling. Curves and surfaces in modelling (Bezier, B-splines and NURBS). Geometric models and the role of engineers. Parametric and feature-based design. The course has a heavy lab component which provides exposure to solid modelling on SDRC IDEAS and PC-based CAD packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 321 and (ME 322 or MTE 322); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('557', 'ME', '006765', 'UG', 'Combustion 1', 'Combustion thermodynamics, introduction to chemical kinetics of combustion, combustion properties of fuels, flammability of combustible mixtures. Flame propagation mechanisms, pre-mixed and diffusional; stability of flames; introduction to combustion aerodynamics, jet flames; atomization; droplet and spray combustion. Elementary ignition concepts and theory. Basic detonation theory. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('559', 'ME', '006766', 'UG', 'Finite Element Methods', 'A course presenting the fundamental ideas involved in conventional finite element analysis in mechanical engineering. Domain discretization, interpolation and shape functions, element derivation and types, element stiffness or property equations, assembly procedure, boundary conditions, solution methods for the algebraic equation system, applications in heat transfer, fluid flow, and stress analysis. Students will, throughout the course, write and test their own finite element code through individual subroutine construction as the course progresses. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 220 or MTE 219) and (ME 303 or MTE 204); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 422', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('561', 'ME', '006767', 'UG', 'Fluid Power Control Systems', 'Properties of hydraulic fluids. Design and function of conventional hydraulic and pneumatic circuits. Characteristics of flow and pressure control valves. Speed control in fluid power circuits. Performance of pumps and fluid motors. Hydrostatic and hydrokinetic transmission systems. Principles of sealing, filtration and heat control in hydraulic circuits. Industrial applications of fluid power systems. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 351 and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('563', 'ME', '006768', 'UG', 'Turbomachines', 'Classification of turbomachines, performance parameters and laws of modelling. Basic equation of flow in turbomachines, compressible flow. Energy transfer in radial and axial turbomachines, performance characteristics, losses and efficiencies. Blade and cascade design, 3 dimensional effects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'ME', '006770', 'UG', 'Aerodynamics', 'An introductory course in aerodynamics for engineers. Kinematics and dynamics of inviscid flow; airfoil dynamics including thin airfoil theory, finite wings, panel methods and airfoil parameters. Boundary layer theory and boundary layer control as applied in aerodynamics. Introduction to high speed aerodynamics. Introduction to dynamics of flight including stability and control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('566', 'ME', '006772', 'UG', 'Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineering Design', 'A course to develop the understanding required to simulate complex fluid flows, such as those found in turbo-machines, duct systems, and other engineering hardware. Course topics include the physics of complex viscous fluid flows, first- and second-order finite control volume discretization methods, iterative algorithms for the solution of sparse matrix equation sets, including multi-grid acceleration, boundary condition modelling, two-equation and Reynolds stress turbulence models, and grid generation techniques. Computational fluid dynamics software is used throughout the course to simulate and analyze complex fluid flows relevant to engineering applications. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('571', 'ME', '006775', 'UG', 'Air Pollution', 'Nature and sources of air pollution, chemical and biological aspects, effects on health and environment. Physical aspects of the atmosphere, thermodynamics, vertical variation of wind and temperature, stability, convection, atmospheric turbulence, diffusion equations, plumes, thermals, jets in stratified flow, radioactive plumes, micrometeorological instrumentation, air pollution control techniques and equipment monitoring instrumentation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('595', 'ME', '006777', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'ME', '006779', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('598', 'ME', '006780', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('599', 'ME', '006781', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MSCI', '006818', 'UG', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 280, BUS 288W, PSYCH 238, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'MSCI', '006819', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics 1', 'A first of a two-course sequence that introduces fundamental concepts in probability and statistics. It covers probability concepts, random variables, graphical display of distributions and data, discrete and continuous probability distributions, sampling, estimation, confidence intervals, experimental design, hypothesis testing, and simple linear regression and correlation. Students learn how to graphically explore data, conduct, and analyze a two-treatment experiment, and model data with linear regression, and interpret its fit. Students learn to use statistical computing software (e.g., R) to perform data analyses. Emphasis is placed on gaining experience with data collected from student-conducted experiments. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ECON 221, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 231, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'MSCI', '006820', 'UG', 'Engineering Economics: Financial Management for Engineers', 'Introductory finance: time value of money, cash flow analysis. Investment evaluation methods: present worth, annual worth, and internal rate of return. Depreciation models and asset replacement analysis. The impact of inflation, taxation, uncertainty, and risk on investment decisions. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Engineering students only. Not open to Architectural, Biomedical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, and Systems Design Engineering students. Antireq: AE 392, BME 364, CIVE 392, ECE 390, ENVE 392, GEOE 392, SYDE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'MSCI', '006821', 'UG', 'Organizational Design and Technology', 'The focus of this course is on the procedures and variables involved in the design and redesign of organizations. Issues such as departmentation, differentiation, integration, internal politics, innovation, authority, and control are discussed in the context of the underlying technology of the organization. Emphasis will be placed on how one designs both the technical and the organizational systems to ensure their compatibility, noting the effects that one has on the other. [Offered: F, W, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'MSCI', '006822', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'This first course in optimization uses a quantitative approach to problem solving involving, mathematical modelling and formulations, solution methods, and output analysis. Students are introduced to a variety of practical problem formulations in management and engineering, a number of solution methods, including, but not limited to, linear optimization, network models, project management, and decision analysis. Students are also involved in a group project, where they go through conceptual and operational model design, analytical solution, output analysis, and recommendation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics except for Software Engineering. Antireq: BME 411, CHE 521, CIVE 332, CO 250, ENVE 320/335, SYDE 411', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'MSCI', '006823', 'UG', 'Stochastic Models and Methods', 'Introduction to operations research models and methods for problems with random, stochastic, and probabilistic components. Topics include birth and death processes, branching processes, waiting line models, and Markov decision processes. Applications include the design, modelling, and analysis of service and manufacturing systems, with emphasis on important functions such as queueing, inventory, reliability, equipment replacement, and maintenance. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (One of BME411,CHE521,CIVE332,CO250,ENVE335,MSCI331,SYDE411) and (One of AE224,BME213,CHE220,CIVE224,ECE203,306,ENVE224,MSCI251,252, ME202,MTE201,NE215,STAT206,211,231,241,SYDE212); Not open to Math students except SE. Antireq: STAT333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'MSCI', '006824', 'UG', 'Production and Service Operations Management', 'Introduction to management, planning, and control decisions in manufacturing and service settings using quantitative approaches. Topic areas include production, inventory, distribution, quality control, facilities layout, and process design. Students are exposed to a number of examples and case studies, and work on a project that involves analysis and discussion of improved designs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212); Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: MSCI 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'MSCI', '006826', 'UG', 'Impact of Information Systems on Organizations and Society', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with issues related to the impact of computer-based technologies on individual jobs, organizations, and broader societal level. Particular emphasis will be placed on critical examination of various issues including privacy, security, ethical concern and professional responsibilities. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'MSCI', '006827', 'UG', 'Decision Making Under Uncertainty', 'This course deals with normative, descriptive, and prescriptive theories and models of decision making under uncertainty. The course focuses on concepts such as risk measures, Bayes theorem, and basic and multi-attribute utility theories. The course uses these concepts to build analytical decision-making models considering the randomness and/or risk-attitude of the decision-makers. Various forms of decision analysis techniques will be covered and typically include, expected utility maximization, the value of information analysis, one/two-way sensitivity analysis, and sequential Bayesian inference. Practical uses and limitations of the models and techniques will be illustrated. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, MSCI 251, 252, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'MATH', '006847', 'UG', 'Introductory Algebra for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of algebra to business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. Topics will be chosen from linear equations, systems of linear equations, linear inequalities, functions, set theory, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem, probability theory. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following faculties: ARTS, AHS or ENV. Not open to Acc''ting & Fin Mgt students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'MATH', '006848', 'UG', 'Introductory Calculus for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of calculus in business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. The models studied will involve polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The major concepts introduced to solve problems are rate of change, optimization, growth and decay, and integration. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following Faculties: ARTS, AHS, ENV, SCI. Antireq: MATH 127, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'MATH', '006862', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra for Engineering', 'Linear equations, matrices and determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Eigenvalues and diagonalization. Applications. Complex numbers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 136, 146, NE 112', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MATH', '006865', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions: review of polynomials, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric. Operations on functions, curve sketching. Trigonometric identities, inverse functions. Derivatives, rules of differentiation. Mean Value Theorem, Newton''s Method. Indeterminate forms and L''Hopital''s rule, applications. Integrals, approximations, Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Applications of the integral. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open to students in Engineering excluding Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 117, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MATH', '006866', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions of engineering importance; review of polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions; trigonometric functions and identities. Inverse functions (logarithmic and trigonometric). Limits and continuity. Derivatives, rules of differentiation; derivatives of elementary functions. Applications of the derivative, max-min problems, Mean Value Theorem. Antiderivatives, the Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Methods of integration, approximation, applications, improper integrals. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 116, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118', 'MATH', '006867', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Methods of integration: by parts, trigonometric substitutions, partial fractions; engineering applications, approximation of integrals, improper integrals. Linear and separable first order differential equations, applications. Parametric curves and polar coordinates, arc length and area. Infinite sequences and series, convergence tests, power series and applications. Taylor polynomials and series, Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Engineering excluding students in Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 119, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('119', 'MATH', '006868', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Elementary approximation methods: interpolation; Taylor polynomials and remainder; Newton''s method, Landau order symbol, applications. Infinite series: Taylor series and Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, geometric series, convergence test, power series, applications. Functions of several variables: partial derivatives, linear approximation and differential, gradient and directional derivative, optimization and Lagrange multipliers. Vector-valued functions: parametric representation of curves, tangent and normal vectors, line integrals and applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 118, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'MATH', '006869', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 1', 'Systems of linear equations. Matrix algebra. Determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 103 or 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: MATH 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'MATH', '006870', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 2', 'Vector spaces. Linear transformations and matrices. Inner products. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Diagonalization. Applications. [Offered: F,S; online: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 106 or 136 or 146. Antireq: MATH 235, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('127', 'MATH', '006871', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for the Sciences', 'Functions of a real variable: powers, rational functions, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions, their properties and inverses. Intuitive discussion of limits and continuity. Definition and interpretation of the derivative, derivatives of elementary functions, derivative rules and applications. Riemann sums and other approximations to the definite integral. Fundamental theorems and antiderivatives; change of variable. Applications to area, rates, average value. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 104 or 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 109, 116, 117, 124, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('128', 'MATH', '006872', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for the Sciences', 'Transforming and evaluating integrals; application to volumes and arc length; improper integrals. Separable and linear first order differential equations and applications. Introduction to sequences. Convergence of series; Taylor polynomials, Taylor''s Remainder theorem, Taylor series and applications. Parametric/vector representation of curves; particle motion and arc length. Polar coordinates in the plane. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 138, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('135', 'MATH', '006878', 'UG', 'Algebra for Honours Mathematics', 'An introduction to the language of mathematics and proof techniques through a study of the basic algebraic systems of mathematics: the integers, the integers modulo n, the rational numbers, the real numbers, the complex numbers and polynomials. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE or Software Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('136', 'MATH', '006879', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, elementary matrices, computational issues. Real n-space, vector spaces and subspaces, basis and dimension, rank of a matrix, linear transformations, and matrix representations. Determinants, eigenvalues and diagonalization, applications. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE students) or Science Mathematical Physics students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('137', 'MATH', '006880', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Absolute values and inequalities. Sequences and their limits. Introduction to series. Limits of functions and continuity. The Intermediate Value theorem and approximate solutions to equations. Derivatives, linear approximation, and Newton''s method. The Mean Value theorem and error bounds. Applications of the Mean Value theorem, Taylor polynomials and Taylor''s theorem, Big-O notation. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 127, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('138', 'MATH', '006881', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Introduction to the Riemann integral and approximations. Antiderivatives and the fundamental theorem of calculus. Change of variables, methods of integration. Applications of the integral. Improper integrals. Linear and separable differential equations and applications. Tests for convergence for series. Binomial series, functions defined as power series and Taylor series. Vector (parametric) curves in R2. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 116 or 117 or 127 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 137 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'MATH', '006886', 'UG', 'Algebra (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 145 is an advanced-level version of MATH 135. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 135', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('146', 'MATH', '006887', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 146 is an advanced-level version of MATH 136. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 135 may contact the instructor of MATH 146 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 145; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('147', 'MATH', '006888', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 147 is an advanced-level version of MATH 137. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 124, 127, 137', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('148', 'MATH', '006889', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 148 is an advanced-level version of MATH 138. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 137 may contact the instructor of MATH 148 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 147; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 138', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MATH', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 119; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 350, MATH 218, 228', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'ECE', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: 2A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'MATH', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 211/ECE 205; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 217, 227, 237, 247', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'ECE', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: 2B Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MATH', '006897', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Chemical Engineering', 'Curves and surfaces in R3. Multivariable functions, partial derivatives, the chain rule, gradients. Optimization, Lagrange Multipliers. Double and triple integrals, change of variable. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem and Stokes'' theorem. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, CIVE 221, ENVE 221, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 227, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217, ME 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'MATH', '006898', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Engineers', 'First order equations, second order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions, the Laplace transform method, systems of linear differential equations. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148, SYDE 112; Engineering or Earth Science students only. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350, 351, CIVE 222, ENVE 223, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 212N, 228, ME 203, SYDE 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MATH', '006907', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Physics', 'Directional derivative and the chain rule for multivariable functions. Optimization, Lagrange multipliers. Double and triple integrals on simple domains; transformations and Jacobians; change of variable in multiple integrals. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Line and surface integrals, Green''s Theorem, Stokes'' Theorem, Gauss'' Theorem, conservative vector fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Only open to Science students in honours plans. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 217, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'MATH', '006908', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Physics and Chemistry', 'First-order equations, second-order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions and special functions, the Laplace transform method. Applications in physics and chemistry are emphasized. [Offered: F,W; online: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'MATH', '006913', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Orthogonal and unitary matrices and transformations. Orthogonal projections, Gram-Schmidt procedure, best approximations, least-squares. Inner products, angles and orthogonality, orthogonal diagonalization, singular value decomposition, applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 106 or 114 or 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or (MATH 136 with a grade of at least 60%) or MATH 146; Honours Mathematics or Mathematical Physics students. Coreq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148. Antireq: MATH 225, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'MATH', '006914', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Mathematics', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Limits, continuity, differentiability, the chain rule. The gradient vector and the directional derivative. Taylor''s formula. Optimization problems. Mappings and the Jacobian. Multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems. [Note: MATH 247 may be substituted for MATH 237 whenever the latter is a plan requirement. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146) and (MATH 128 with at least 70% or MATH 138 with at least 60% or MATH 148); Honours Math or Math/Physics students. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 212N, 217, 227, 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'MATH', '006915', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics', 'Introduction to graph theory: colourings, matchings, connectivity, planarity. Introduction to combinatorial analysis: generating series, recurrence relations, binary strings, plane trees. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ((MATH 106 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 136 or 146) and (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145)) or level at least 2A Software Engineering; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'MATH', '006920', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 245 is an advanced-level version of MATH 235. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 225, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'MATH', '006921', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 (Advanced Level)', 'Topology of real n-dimensional space: completeness, closed and open sets, connectivity, compact sets, continuity, uniform continuity. Differential calculus on multivariable functions: partial differentiability, differentiability, chain rule, Taylor polynomials, extreme value problems. Riemann integration: Jordan content, integrability criteria, Fubini''s theorem, change of variables. Local properties of continuously differentiable functions: open mapping theorem, inverse function theorem, implicit function theorem. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146, 148; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('249', 'MATH', '006922', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 249 is an advanced-level version of MATH 239. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with minimum grade of 80% or MATH 145) and (MATH 136 or 146); Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'COMM', '006938', 'UG', 'Commercial and Business Law for Mathematics Students', 'The judicial process, contract law, agency, bankruptcy, negotiable instruments, law of banking, insurance law, partnership law, company law, torts, real estate law.', 'Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, ECE 290; (For Mathematics students only) BUS 231W, CIVE 491, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401, MTHEL 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'MTHEL', '006940', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematics Education', 'Current trends in education, professional practices and administration, the role of the department head, lesson planning, techniques of teaching, evaluation of students, special students, extracurricular activities, the relationship between elementary and secondary school mathematics, audio-visual materials. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Mathematics Teaching students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'COMM', '006943', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship, Technology and the Emerging Information Economy', 'A study of the spirit of entrepreneurship in the technology industry, opportunities emerging in the new information economy, and the implementation issues associated with starting an entrepreneurial venture in today''s rapidly changing environment. Many of the concepts covered will also be applicable to careers in the technology industry or in information-based companies, where \"intrapreneurship\" is an emerging theme. Approximately one-half of the class time will involve guest lectures by entrepreneurs actively involved in the business community. [Note: COMM 400 would serve as an excellent sequel to ECON 220 which focuses on identifying markets for viable entrepreneurial ideas, but ECON 220 is not a prerequisite.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 440W, MTHEL 400', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'MUSIC', '006944', 'UG', 'Understanding Music', 'The styles, forms, techniques, and terminology of Western music through lectures and listening, as exemplified by great works from all eras of music history. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'MUSIC', '006948', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Music Theory', 'An introduction to the primary skills of music practice emphasizing the reading and writing of musical notation. Students will learn elementary keyboard, listening, and sight-singing skills. [Note: For students with minimal musical background. Does not fulfil Music major or minor requirements.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MUSIC', '006951', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MUSIC', '006952', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 116', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140', 'MUSIC', '006959', 'UG', 'Popular Music and Culture', 'An examination of the styles, forms, and development of 20th century popular music. The social, commercial, and technological aspects of popular music are considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'MUSIC', '006981', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 117', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MUSIC', '006982', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 216', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'MUSIC', '006986', 'UG', 'Conducting 1', 'A study of conducting techniques appropriate for song leading, choral rehearsal, and public performance. The course will include score analysis and rehearsal procedures for music from a wide variety of historical styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'MUSIC', '006988', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Royal Conservatory Grade 8 Level. Audition required. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Studio Fee.]', 'Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MUSIC', '006989', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 226. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'MUSIC', '006990', 'UG', 'Music Cognition', 'The study of music from a behavioural science perspective. Topics include auditory perception, creativity and aesthetic experience, emotive human responses, and the social psychology of music activities. Recent research in the field of music cognition will be explored in detail.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'MUSIC', '006991', 'UG', 'Introduction to Jazz', 'A survey of the development of jazz schools and individual styles as well as a study of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic improvisation. Styles will be demonstrated through recordings and live performance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'MUSIC', '007001', 'UG', 'Cathedral and Court: Music to 1600', 'A study of major developments in western music during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, including Gregorian chant, mass, secular songs, instrumental music, and other musical genres that flourished under courtly and church patronage from the early Christian church to 1600.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'MUSIC', '007002', 'UG', 'Monteverdi to Mozart: Music from 1600-1800', 'A study of Baroque and Classical music of the 17th and 18th centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of opera, choral music, symphony, sonata, and the music of Monteverdi, Bach, Handel, Mozart, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'MUSIC', '007003', 'UG', 'The Romantic Century: Beethoven and Beyond', 'A study of music of the 19th century in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of principal forms in the music of Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, Bruckner, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'MUSIC', '007004', 'UG', 'Music Since 1900', 'A study of music of the 20th and early 21st centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include modern and contemporary composers'' challenges to traditional musical ideals in the music of Debussy, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Cage, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MUSIC', '007009', 'UG', 'The Symphony', 'A survey of the great symphonies from Haydn to Stravinsky, through lectures and listening. A portion of the course will be devoted to works being performed by the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony Orchestra during the term. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'MUSIC', '007018', 'UG', 'Music Theory 1', 'The study of basic melodic, harmonic, and voice leading concepts including an introduction to figured bass and functional harmony. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work. [Note: A basic knowledge of scales, triads, and music notation is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'MUSIC', '007020', 'UG', 'Music Theory 2', 'The study of harmony, counterpoint, and form of 18th and early 19th century music. Sight-singing, ear-training, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'MUSIC', '007025', 'UG', 'Music and Technology', 'A hands-on introduction to music and technology, including recording, audio editing, digital signal processing, and Musical Instrumental Digital Interface (MIDI). Course work will foster a practical understanding of digital music production software and techniques, and involve electroacoustic or acoustic composition. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'MUSIC', '007036', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'MUSIC', '007037', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 316', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'MUSIC', '007038', 'UG', 'Conducting 2', 'A continuation of the study of conducting techniques begun in MUSIC 222. The course focuses on the development of analytical and musical skills including score study, aural skills, and gestural clarity.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'MUSIC', '007039', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110; 227, 270; Music majors and minors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'MUSIC', '007040', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 326; Music majors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'MUSIC', '007041', 'UG', 'Aesthetics of Music', 'This course employs various methods to explore questions of musical meaning. Through study and discussion of selected sources from antiquity to the present, such themes as imitation, abstraction, beauty, and other debated issues will be examined in historical context and in relation to the other arts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'MUSIC', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'GSJ', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'MUSIC', '007045', 'UG', 'Music and Culture Travel Course', 'A spring term seminar approximately three weeks long, taught on location including daily lectures, attendance at music performances, and tours to places of cultural importance. Past and possible future locations include Vienna, London, Leipzig, South Africa, Morocco, Bali, and Estonia. [Note: Additional costs will apply. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'MUSIC', '007049', 'UG', 'Art Song', 'A study of the music written for solo voice from the 17th century to the present.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'MUSIC', '007050', 'UG', 'Piano Literature', 'A study of music for solo piano from its 17th and 18th century antecedents to the present. Using historical and analytical approaches, individual works will be considered within a tradition of particular forms, genres, and styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'MUSIC', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'RS', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CMW', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'MUSIC', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'RS', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'CMW', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'MUSIC', '007058', 'UG', 'Music Theory 3 (19th Century)', 'The study of chromatic harmony as well as melodic and formal aspects of 19th-century music. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'MUSIC', '007059', 'UG', 'Music Theory 4 (20th Century)', 'The study of the compositional aspects of 20th century music, including extended tonality, atonality, 12-tone writing, neo-classical idioms, and contemporary compositional procedures. Lab sessions will cover non-tonal melodic reading and complex chord structures.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('376', 'MUSIC', '007064', 'UG', 'Composition Seminar', 'An exploration of the discipline and craft of composing and arranging. Topics include choral, chamber ensemble, and orchestral techniques; electronic music; and charting for popular music. The course includes both score preparation and opportunities for recital performances of original works.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'MUSIC', '007066', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'MUSIC', '007069', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'MUSIC', '007072', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Music', 'A special study of a selected topic in music. Consult department for details. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'MUSIC', '007076', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 327. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('427', 'MUSIC', '007077', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 426. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417. Antireq: MUSIC 428', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'MUSIC', '007083', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'An independent research project for Honours Music students. The topic is determined through consultation between the student and a faculty advisor.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 491', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'OPTOM', '007086', 'UG', 'Pathophysiology', 'Pathogenesis of human disease based on a molecular and cellular framework. Fundamental concepts such as homeostasis, cell injury, protective responses (inflammation, fever, immune response) and the healing process. Systemic pathophysiology: abnormal functions of the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, nervous system, urinary system, muscular system, respiratory system and digestive system.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'OPTOM', '007087', 'UG', 'Neuroanatomy', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the head and neck, with emphasis on the special senses. The course includes neuroanatomy as a basis for understanding how various neuronal systems function.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('105', 'OPTOM', '007088', 'UG', 'Medical Microbiology', 'Bacterial physiology and genetics, normal flora, bacteria (including chlamydiae and rickettsiae), fungi, viruses, parasites and related diseases, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms of ocular disease and relevant ocular manifestations in appropriate topics.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'OPTOM', '007089', 'UG', 'Geometrical, Physical and Visual Optics', 'Nature of light, wave motion and superposition, rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction, image formation and quality, optical properties of plane and curved surfaces, prisms and thin lenses. Apertures and pupils. Thick lens theory, lens systems, ray construction, Fraunhofer diffraction and resolution limit. Fresnel diffraction. Simple optical eye models. Refractive error and its correction. Interference and coherence of light:applications. Lasers.', 'Prereq: (PHYS 111, 111L, 112, and 112L) or (PHYS 121, 121L, 122 and 122L) and MATH 127; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'OPTOM', '007090', 'UG', 'Visual Perception 1: Perception of Light', 'Sensory processes involved in visual perception. Topics include spectral sensitivity, light and dark adaptation, temporal and spatial resolution, and principles of photometry.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('114', 'OPTOM', '007092', 'UG', 'Ocular Anatomy and Physiology', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the eye. The course includes histology, gross anatomy and physiology, as a basis for understanding how the various ocular structures function individually and interact with each other. The course emphasizes the processes operating to maintain the eye as a viable organ and provides a patho-physiological and clinical perspective of the implications of breakdown of these mechanisms.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 104; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'OPTOM', '007093', 'UG', 'Systemic Disease', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis and management of diseases affecting the organs and tissues of the human body including: circulatory, hemopoietic/lymphoid, lungs/upper respiratory tract, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver/biliary tract, pancreas, urogenital system, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, skin, nervous system diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 103, 105; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'OPTOM', '007097', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 1', 'Single vision spectacle lenses. Lens and frame materials. Optical and ophthalmic instrumentation. Image quality. Polarization. Tinted lenses. Decentration and prismatic effect. Obliquely crossed cylinders. Spectacle magnification. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of spectacle lens power.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'OPTOM', '007102', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 2', 'Multifocal spectacle lenses. Aberrations of thin lenses and spectacle lens design. Prescribing and fitting of spectacles. Environmental and occupational prescribing. Prescription analysis. Ophthalmic and visual standards. Computer vision syndrome. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of complex spectacle lenses, and spectacle frame adjustment and repairs.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106, 216; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'OPTOM', '007104', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 2', 'Basic and clinical ocular motility. Basic concepts of ocular motility are integrated with clinical methods. Assessment and diagnosis of strabismic and non-strabismic disorders.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 142, 152; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'OPTOM', '007106', 'UG', 'Diseases of the Eye 2', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and epidemiology of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye; higher visual and oculomotor systems; multisystem diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'OPTOM', '007107', 'UG', 'Clinical Ocular Pharmacology', 'Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of ophthalmic drug design and delivery. Selection and use of ophthalmic diagnostic pharmaceutical agents, palliative agents and therapeutic pharmaceutical agents. Mechanism of action, contraindications and adverse drug reactions. Recommended guidelines for use and follow-up procedures.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245, 231, 255; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'OPTOM', '007113', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 3', 'Spectacle frame materials. Fitting and adjusting techniques. Selection of lens design. Lenses for high myopia. Dispensing of eye protectors. Optics of low vision aids. Patient counselling and management of dispensing problems. Laboratories provide experience in practical aspects of ophthalmic dispensing.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 216, 246) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'OPTOM', '007115', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 1', 'Indications and contra-indications for contact lens wear. Lens selection and design. Fitting and evaluating rigid and hydrogel soft contact lenses. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of contact lens materials. Optical and mathematical concepts. The ocular physiological response to contact lens wear. Care and maintenance of contact lenses.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 143, 246, 252) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348A', 'OPTOM', '007118', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348B', 'OPTOM', '007119', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'OPTOM', '007128', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 2', 'Detection and management of chronic and acute complications induced by contact lenses. Contact lens management options for special conditions such as dry eye, aphakia, and keratoconus (and other corneal irregularities). Disposable lenses and replacement regimens. Extended wear options. Alternative management of refractive errors such as orthokeratology and refractive surgery. Contact lenses and presbyopia.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 155/245, 347) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'OPTOM', '007132', 'UG', 'Case Analysis 3', 'Building on analytical principles developed in OPTOM 342, this course involves student, case-based presentations in a grand rounds format. Each student chooses one, different, interesting case from his/her previous clinical experience. The student presents the case and answers questions related to the case and the patient''s condition(s). Faculty discussants will direct the students in assessing the basic and clinical science features of the cases. Patient cases may be chosen from any aspect of optometric practice.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'OPTOM', '007134', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of literature review on the student''s area of interest, experimental design proposition, and preliminary data. Before registering in the course the student and the designated supervisor must submit to the coordinator a research proposal for the student''s research area. The format of the paper is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters, in journal style, or in an oral presentation, during the registered term, at seminar sessions (OPTOM 609/OPTOM 629).', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'OPTOM', '007136', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 3', 'Supervised optometric patient care in a variety of the University of Waterloo optometric clinical settings. Activities include assessment, diagnosis and management of disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions, dispensing and fitting of optometric appliances and rehabilitative vision care. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'OPTOM', '007137', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 1', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one or more external clinical settings.This course is complementary to OPTOM 468 Clinical Clerkship 2 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('468', 'OPTOM', '007138', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 2', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one, or more, external clinical settings. This course is complementary to OPTOM 458 Clinical Clerkship 1 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'OPTOM', '007140', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposal in OPTOM 441 and it is recommended that the format of the report, to be determined with the supervisor, follow the format selected for OPTOM 441.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 441; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461S', 'OPTOM', '007150', 'UG', 'Optometry Seminar', 'This is a seminar course.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477', 'OPTOM', '007152', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 4', 'This course will provide an opportunity for optometry students to discuss and evaluate clinical techniques, instrumentation, and ideologies not covered in the current curriculum. Students will be encouraged to use their basic knowledge of the vision sciences to provide a perceptive critique of the clinical subjects addressed.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PACS', '007191', 'UG', 'Roots of Conflict, Violence, and Peace', 'An examination of influential theories about the sources and nature of conflict, violence, and peace. Contributions from the social sciences as well as the humanities will be explored, with attention to connections between interpersonal, intergroup, and international levels of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PACS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'LS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'PACS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students. Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'LS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'PACS', '007203', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Peace and Conflict Studies 2', 'A seminar course investigating special issues related to peace and conflict. Content may vary from year to year. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'PACS', '007210', 'UG', 'Doing Development: Issues of Justice and Peace', 'This course introduces a variety of theoretical and practical perspectives on international development. It examines current and alternative development programs in terms of their contribution to justice and/or peace at local, national, and global levels.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PACS', '007211', 'UG', 'Quest for Peace in Literature and Film', 'A study of works of literature and film which express a resistance to war. The course examines how the desire to articulate an anti-war position has engaged the artistic sensibilities and shaped the visions and modes of expression of selected writers and filmmakers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'PACS', '007212', 'UG', 'Community Conflict Resolution', 'An analysis of the growing use of mediation and other conflict resolution strategies in community conflicts, race relations, church disputes, and alternatives to the legal system. The course focuses on case studies with attention to both practical and theoretical issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PACS', '007213', 'UG', 'Restorative Justice and Transformative Education', 'This seminar course presents alternative ways of designing the educational experience using restorative justice as a foundation. It applies the principles and practices of restorative justice to many aspects of education including dealing with conflict, curriculum development, school culture, and system issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PACS', '007215', 'UG', 'Internship', 'An internship allows students to engage in experiential learning with an organization that deals with peace and conflict issues, in either a Canadian or international context. The course integrates theory and practice, while facilitating the development of attitudes, strategies, skills, and knowledge that support work in a Peace and Conflict Studies-related setting. Students will identify an appropriate placement, read relevant texts, and submit a report reflecting on what the internship revealed about the integration of peace and conflict studies theory and practice. [Note: Additional costs should be expected.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PACS', '007217', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PACS', '007218', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110A', 'PHIL', '007228', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy: Knowledge and Reality', 'An introduction to central issues in metaphysics and epistemology. Questions to be considered might include: \"Can we know anything?\", \"Does God exist?\", \"Is the mind just a brain?\", \"Do human beings have free will?\"', 'Antireq: PHIL 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100J', 'PHIL', '007231', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy', 'This course seeks to introduce students to the nature of philosophy. This is done through the examination of core texts and figures in the history of philosophy as well as in the discussion of perennial philosophical questions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118J', 'PHIL', '007241', 'UG', 'Virtue and the Good Life', 'An examination of the importance of virtue in general and of the cardinal virtues in particular (practical wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation) for the development of moral character and the enjoyment of the good life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120J', 'PHIL', '007242', 'UG', 'The Meaning of Life', 'We may have distinct ideas about the reason why we do this or that, but is there a point to our existence as a whole? What do or should we live for? Or is life essentially meaningless or even absurd? What do such questions mean and how can we best answer them? The views of different philosophers will be explored and compared.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'PHIL', '007246', 'UG', 'Critical Thinking', 'An analysis of basic types of reasoning, structure of arguments, critical assessment of information, common fallacies, problems of clarity and meaning.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'PHIL', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'CLAS', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'PHIL', '007249', 'UG', 'Great Works: Modern', 'A historical survey of modern philosophy in the Western tradition. [Note: Formerly PHIL 250B.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 250B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200J', 'PHIL', '007250', 'UG', 'Aristotelian Logic', 'An introduction to the understanding of how words are used, the formation of propositions, the construction of arguments and the examination of fallacies to help the student argue with order, facility and without error.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PHIL', '007251', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Sex and Love', 'Classic and contemporary philosophical examination of sex and love. Questions considered might include the following: Do you love because your love-object is worthy, or do you find your love-object worthy because of your love for them? Does sex ever involve using persons as mere means to an end? Should it?', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PHIL', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GSJ', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204J', 'PHIL', '007254', 'UG', 'Philosophy and Culture', 'An exploration of the nature of culture and its role in the life and development of the human being through an analysis of the assumptions of Western popular culture in such areas as technology and the internet, individual freedom, sexuality, and the global economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305J', 'PHIL', '007256', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Nature', 'A philosophical study of the most fundamental and common aspects of the natural world. After examining how such a study differs from and complements modern science, topics such as nature, matter, change, cause, time, and chance will be explored.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306J', 'PHIL', '007257', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Science', 'A philosophical study of the approaches to the material world used by contemporary physical science. The nature and the value of the experimental method in the writings of scientists past and present will be examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208', 'PHIL', '007259', 'UG', 'Philosophy Through Science Fiction', 'Questions regarding such matters as the nature of knowledge, logic and language, mind and brain, space and time, causality, ethics, and politics are explored through classic philosophic texts and science fiction narratives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'PHIL', '007260', 'UG', 'Philosophy in Literature', 'Philosophical themes will be explored through appropriate literary works.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210J', 'PHIL', '007263', 'UG', 'Human Nature', 'What is a human being? The course examines this question from a philosophical perspective. Topics to be covered may include the soul, the body, emotions, the intellect, the will, relationships, sex, and human dignity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'PHIL', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ARBUS', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'PHIL', '007267', 'UG', 'Probability and Decision Making', 'This course covers a set of related topics in probability, inductive reasoning, game theory, and decision theory which are of both theoretical and practical interest, having application to the philosophy of science, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, political science, and economics. The course begins with probability theory, introduces utility theory, and discusses approaches to the theory of decision making with attention to their epistemological, social, and ethical implications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218J', 'PHIL', '007269', 'UG', 'Foundations of Ethics', 'What is ethics and what is it based on? What does it mean for an action, a person, or a life to be morally good? Can philosophy provide any objective and universal answers to moral questions? The views of different philosophers will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219J', 'PHIL', '007270', 'UG', 'Practical Ethics', 'An examination of contemporary ethical issues pertinent to our Western societies, such as abortion, euthanasia, the treatment of animals, the environment, and free expression.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHIL', '007271', 'UG', 'Moral Issues', 'This course surveys several controversial moral topics, and a range of philosophical views on each. Topics may include abortion, cloning, euthanasia and suicide, sexism, prostitution, pornography, torture, and animal rights. [Note: Formerly PHIL 220.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'PHIL', '007272', 'UG', 'Ethics', 'An introduction to moral theories, including ones based on virtue, consequences, and rights and duties, with discussion of historical developments leading to those theories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'PHIL', '007274', 'UG', 'Environmental Ethics', 'Philosophical perspectives on such issues as climate change, pollution, use of scarce resources, biodiversity, and our relations with animals and future generations. This course will also consider bioactivism and other approaches to environmental problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PHIL', '007275', 'UG', 'Biomedical Ethics', 'An examination of ethical issues in the health sciences, such as the patient-doctor relationship, reproductive rights and technologies, genetic testing, allocation of medical resources, and end-of-life decisions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230J', 'PHIL', '007277', 'UG', 'God and Philosophy', 'What is God? Does God exist? Can philosophy prove God or is agnosticism or atheism more reasonable? Is God compatible with evil and suffering or with a modern scientific worldview? Such questions will be explored from a variety of perspectives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'PHIL', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'RS', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'PHIL', '007285', 'UG', 'Introduction to Formal Logic', 'An examination of classical propositional logic, covering proof methods, expressive completeness, soundness, and completeness. Also an introduction to quantificational logic.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PHIL', '007292', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mind', 'This course will discuss fundamental questions concerning the nature of mind, including the relation between mind and body, the plausibility of commonsense views of the mind, and knowledge of other minds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHIL', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PSYCH', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'PHIL', '007297', 'UG', 'The Existentialist Experience', 'An introduction to existentialism using both literary and philosophical texts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318J', 'PHIL', '007308', 'UG', 'Philosophy and the Family', 'A philosophical examination of the family: its foundation, its purpose, its importance in personal growth and its relation to political community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319J', 'PHIL', '007309', 'UG', 'Ethics of End-of-Life Care', 'What options does a person reaching the end of life have and how can they best be cared for? How can we balance patient autonomy with the expertise of the health-care provider and the demands of the health-care system? This course will help students think philosophically and critically about issues like these in their cultural, historical, and legal context. Specific topics may include consent, human dignity, euthanasia, refusal or withdrawal of treatment, palliative care and holistic patient care, pluralism and diverse understandings of dying, and treatment of the elderly.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'PHIL', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LS', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PHIL', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'FINE', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PHIL', '007317', 'UG', 'Topics in Epistemology', 'Special topics in epistemology, as announced by the department. Potential topics include (but are not limited to) the epistemology of testimony, the epistemology of disagreement, normative social cognition, and the varieties and functions of ignorance. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 250B, 251, 255, 284', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PHIL', '007320', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mathematics', 'An introduction to philosophical problems concerning mathematics. Topics may include: what makes mathematical statements true (e.g., do numbers exist?); whether mathematics is a human creation or something we discover; what counts as a proof; mathematical paradoxes; the relationship between mathematics and other sciences; and mathematical pluralism. [Note: Formerly PHIL 359.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHIL', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CLAS', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PHIL', '007326', 'UG', 'Medieval Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in medieval philosophy. Augustine, Boethius, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aquinas, and Scotus are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'PHIL', '007328', 'UG', 'History of Modern Philosophy', 'In this course, students will learn about one or more important figures, periods, or issues in modern philosophy. Descartes, Locke, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant are among the figures who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'PHIL', '007330', 'UG', '19th- and 20th-Century Philosophy', 'A course on one or more important figures or issues in 19th- or 20th-century philosophy, as announced by the department. The focus of the course may change each time it is offered. Potential figures include (but are not limited to) Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, James, Dewey, Peirce, Frege, Carnap, and Russell. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'PHIL', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GSJ', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Gender and Social Justice students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326J', 'PHIL', '007336', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Social Justice', 'What is justice and more particularly what makes a society just? In the philosophical treatment of this problem, notions such as the purpose of community living, private and common goods, individual freedom, and social responsibility will be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'PHIL', '007337', 'UG', 'Studies in Ethics', 'Special topics in ethics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'PHIL', '007339', 'UG', 'Studies in Political Philosophy', 'Special topics in political philosophy, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PHIL', '007345', 'UG', 'Studies in Logic', 'Special topics in logic, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 240, 341, 342, PMATH 330', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450J', 'PHIL', '007348', 'UG', 'Being and Existence', 'A discussion of metaphysics as the kind of examination initiated by the Greeks (e.g., Parmenides and Aristotle) and renewed subsequently by many other philosophers (e.g., Aquinas and Heidegger), understood as ontology or the rational study of being as such. Notions such as reality, essence, existence, and analogy will be discussed.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451J', 'PHIL', '007349', 'UG', 'Thomas Aquinas', 'An in-depth study of a particular theme in Thomas Aquinas. Specific topic to vary. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.5 units in PHIL; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PHIL', '007350', 'UG', 'Studies in Metaphysics', 'Special topics in metaphysics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PHIL', '007355', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PHIL', '007356', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PHIL', '007365', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'PHIL', '007366', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'PHYS', '007388', 'UG', 'Physics 1', 'An introduction to physics for students intending to concentrate their further studies in biology, dentistry, medicine and paramedicine; includes particle kinematics and dynamics, energy and momentum conservation, and rotational mechanics. [Offered: F, W; also offered online: W]', 'Antireq: PHYS 115, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111L', 'PHYS', '007389', 'UG', 'Physics 1 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 111. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 111 Antireq: PHYS 121L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'PHYS', '007390', 'UG', 'Physics 2', 'A continuation of PHYS 111; includes simple harmonic motion, electrostatic force and potential, electric current and power, DC circuits, magnetic field and induction, wave motion, sound and optics. [Offered: W,S; also offered online: S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 111 or 121; Antireq: PHYS 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112L', 'PHYS', '007391', 'UG', 'Physics 2 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 112. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 112 Antireq: PHYS 122L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'PHYS', '007392', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'Brief review of kinematics. Particle dynamics, work, energy, conservation of energy. Conservation of linear momentum, collisions, rotational kinematics and dynamics, conservation of angular momentum. Equilibrium of rigid bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Antireq: PHYS 111, 121; First year Engineering students only', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHYS', '007393', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'An introductory course in physics for students intending to concentrate their future studies in the physical sciences, optometry, or mathematics; includes vectors (dot and cross products), particle kinematics and dynamics, forces in nature, work and energy, conservation of energy and linear momentum, rotational kinematics and dynamics, and conservation of angular momentum. [Note: Successful completion of 4U Calculus and Vectors, 4U Advanced Functions and 4U Physics is required. Offered: F, also offered online: W]', 'Coreq: One of MATH 104, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: PHYS 111, 115, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'PHYS', '007394', 'UG', 'Mechanics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 121. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 121 Antireq: PHYS 111L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'PHYS', '007396', 'UG', 'Waves, Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 122. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 122. Antireq: PHYS 112L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'PHYS', '007398', 'UG', 'Physics for Engineers', 'Oscillations; simple harmonic motion. Wave motion, travelling and standing waves; transverse and longitudinal waves, including sound. Geometrical optics; reflection and refraction. Physical optics; interference and diffraction. Quantum physics; quantization of radiation; hydrogen atom. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Engineering students only. Antireq: PHYS 112, PHYS 122', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'PHYS', '007407', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 1', 'Background of quantum physics. Introduction to formalism of quantum physics. Introduction to operators. Quantization, waves, and particles. The uncertainty principle. The Schroedinger equation for one-dimensional problems: bound states in square wells, harmonic oscillator, transmission through barriers. [Note: CS 114, PHYS 236, or knowledge of computational methods is recommended. Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 249, MATH 114, 136; One of MATH 128, 138, 148. Coreq: One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251. Antireq: CHEM 356, NE 232, PHYS 233, ECE 405', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242L', 'PHYS', '007418', 'UG', 'Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 242. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 242 Antireq: PHYS 224L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHYS', '007422', 'UG', 'Geometrical and Physical Optics', 'Geometrical optics: image formation, ray tracing through multiple optical components, dispersion by prisms, optical fibers, optical instruments - eyes, telescopes, microscopes, and cameras, introduction to aberrations; physical optics: interference and interferometers, diffraction, imaging resolution, diffraction gratings and their use in spectroscopy; wave-particle duality; introduction to the electromagnetic nature of light and polarization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148. Coreq: PHYS 256L for Science students except for Mathematical Physics Plan. Antireq: ECE 404', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256L', 'PHYS', '007423', 'UG', 'Optics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 256. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 256', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'PHYS', '007428', 'UG', 'Planets', 'Terrestrial and gas giant planets in the Solar System, asteroids and comets. Extrasolar planets and astrobiology. Star and planet formation. [Offered: F]', 'Pereq: One of PHYS 111, 115, 121, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PHYS', '007434', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 2', 'Formalism of quantum mechanics. Operator approach to the harmonic oscillator. Quantum mechanics in three dimensions: Hydrogen atom, angular momentum and spin. Time-independent perturbation theory. Fine structure of hydrogen. Zeeman effect. Identical particles. The variational principle. Ground state of the helium atom. Applications in atomic and molecular physics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 234 or CHEM 356; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; MATH 227 or 237 or 247. Antireq: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PHYS', '007438', 'UG', 'Electronics', 'Norton and Thévenin equivalent circuits, bipolar junction and field-effect transistors, operational amplifiers, negative feedback, noise, common circuits used for measurement and control of laboratory experiments, introduction to digital circuits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 122 (winter 2019 or later), 224, 242. Coreq: PHYS 391L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391L', 'PHYS', '007439', 'UG', 'Electronics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 391. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'PHYS', '007444', 'UG', 'Thermal Physics', 'Temperature and thermodynamic equilibrium. Work, internal energy and heat; first law, with examples. Kinetic theory of gases. Basic probability theory. Microscopic states and entropy. Absolute temperature, reversibility and the second law. Thermodynamic Functions and Maxwell''s relations. Phase transitions. Third Law. Other applications of thermodynamics. [Formerly PHYS 258. Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: CHEM 254, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'PHYS', '007445', 'UG', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Fundamental postulate of statistical thermodynamics. Entropy. Microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles. Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Boltzmann Statistics. Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. Applications to specific heat of solids, classical and quantum gases, electrons in metals, Planck''s law of radiation, and Bose-Einstein condensation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 358, ECE 403, CHEM 254, ME 250; One of PHYS 233, 234, CHEM 356, co-requisite: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360A', 'PHYS', '007446', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments in mechanics, optics, electronics, atomic, molecular, nuclear, and solid state physics. [Note: Students in programs joint with Physics should see department for enrolment access. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MNS 201L, PHYS 260L, 270L; Honours Physics, Physics and Astronomy, or Materials and Nanosciences', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360B', 'PHYS', '007447', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 2', 'Continuation of PHYS 360A. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 360A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PHYS', '007449', 'UG', 'Intermediate Classical Mechanics', 'Non-inertial frames of reference. Calculus of variations. Lagrangian mechanics. Coupled oscillations and normal modes. Hamiltonian dynamics. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of PHYS 263 or AMATH 271; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'PHYS', '007450', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 1', 'Sturm-Liouville theory. Legendre, Bessel, and other special functions. Fourier series and introduction to Fourier transforms. Separation of variables. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics or Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PHYS', '007451', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 2', 'Introduction to probability and statistics. Complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue theorem, contour integrals and applications. Fourier and Laplace transforms with applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 332', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'PHYS', '007457', 'UG', 'Stars', 'Stellar distances, masses, ages. Stellar interiors and atmospheres, star formation and evolution. Supernovae, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; Two of PHYS 234, 242, 256, 275, 358, AMATH 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHYS', '007458', 'UG', 'Molecular and Cellular Biophysics', 'Cell structure and molecular composition; intermolecular interactions and hydration; protein structure and function; cytoskeletal filaments; DNA structure, packing and chromosomes; rate equations and biological dynamics (e.g., cytoskeletal polymerization); self-assembly; cell membranes; action potentials and biological electricity; molecular motors; cell motility. [Note: Recommended PHYS 280/BIOL 280. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; CHEM 123 or 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PHYS', '007463', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 3', 'Symmetries and conservation laws. Review of time-independent perturbation theory (degenerate and non-degenerate, Rayleigh-Schrodinger, Brillouin-Wigner and canonical perturbation theory; effective Hamiltonian derivation). Time-dependent perturbation theory (1st and 2nd order, adiabatic perturbation, Aharonov-Bohm effect). Fermi''s golden rule. Two-level systems. Emission and absorption of radiation (applications). Second quantization of electromagnetic field in free space; photons. Spontaneous emission and natural lifetime; Lamb shift. Elements of scattering theory. Introduction to the Dirac equation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 364 or (AMATH 351 and 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'PHYS', '007464', 'UG', 'Current Topics in Condensed Matter Physics', 'Physics pertaining to collective and emergent phenomena in condensed matter systems. Examples of topics to be covered include magnetism, superconductivity, heavy Fermion systems, quantum hall effect, protein folding, membranes, DNA physics, polymer physics, Modern experimental and theoretical techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 335, 359; PHYS 334 or AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437A', 'PHYS', '007465', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'A research project in any area of Physics approved by the course co-ordinator(s). The student is required to present a summary of the project orally and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. Some projects, especially those with an experimental emphasis, will likely continue as 437B. In these cases, students will submit an interim written report, in addition to the oral presentation. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Materials and Nanosciences or Life Physics students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437B', 'PHYS', '007466', 'UG', 'Research Project (Continued)', 'A continuation of the project undertaken in PHYS 437A. The student is required to present a summary of the project orally or by poster and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 437A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'PHYS', '007470', 'UG', 'Introduction to Particle Physics', 'This course introduces students to the standard model of particle physics. Topics covered include symmetries, particle classification, experimental methods and tools, scattering, Feynman diagrams, gauge theories, quantum electrodynamics, quarks, quantum chromodynamics, weak interactions, and the Higgs mechanism. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 363; (PHYS 364 and 365) or (AMATH 332, 351, 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PHYS', '007479', 'UG', 'Cosmology', 'Robertson-Walker metric and Friedmann equations. Observational cosmology. Dark matter and dark energy. Gravitational lensing. Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background. Inflation. Structure formation. [Note: PHYS 474 is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'PLAN', '007489', 'UG', 'The Evolution of Planning', 'Introduction to planning in its historical and contemporary contexts. Discussion of city types and origins. Consideration of local, national, and international design and management of environment and human habitations. Introduction to selected main themes in planning and architecture. [Note: Estimated additional cost to student: $30.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'PLAN', '007493', 'UG', 'Visual Approaches to Design and Communication', 'Practical project-based skill development involving sketching, digital and film photography, and 2-dimensional computer graphics used by planners to conceive, evaluate, and communicate design ideas. [Note: Estimated material cost to student will not exceed $125+HST.]', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'PLAN', '007500', 'UG', 'Community Design Fundamentals for Planners', 'This course explores the role of design in shaping human settlements. Students will study fundamental concepts related to urban and regional form and structure as well as the principles of design. The course will examine the impacts of design and place-making on human well-being through problem-based explorations of built form vis-à-vis transit and movement, sustainability and resilience, social institutions (including heritage), physical infrastructure, social justice, and economic development. Students will demonstrate design literacy through the creation of a sketchbook and a portfolio.', 'Prereq: PLAN 110; Level at least 2A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'PLAN', '007502', 'UG', 'Regional Planning and Economic Development', 'The relationship of economic planning to regional planning. Concepts of economic development and models of regional development planning. Case studies and examples are drawn from federal regional development efforts in Canada and/or from Third World nations. Workshops focus on regional planning and development at both a conceptual and empirical level.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PLAN', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'GEOG', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'PLAN', '007531', 'UG', 'Planning, Administration, and Finance', 'Important planning and financial instruments, administrative processes and planning practice are reviewed. Planning and Municipal Acts, official plans, plan amendments, zoning bylaws, site plans, easements, consents, variances, assessments, mill rates, capital works, and debentures. Municipal budgets and accounting concepts, and financing are studied.', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'PLAN', '007539', 'UG', 'Planning Theory', 'The course will examine key theoretical contributions to planning practice as well as selected theories guiding place and place-making. Issues of professional practice and ethics will also be considered.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'PLAN', '007557', 'UG', 'Neighbourhood and Community Planning', 'This course examines concepts and issues related to social planning for neighbourhood and community environments. It considers planning for particular target populations in the contexts of gentrification, suburbanization and core area revitalization. It will review models of neighbourhood change and community development and will address ways to involve community members in the planning process. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $45+HST.]', 'Prereq: PLAN 233', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PLAN', '007558', 'UG', 'Canadian Environmental Policy and Politics', 'Consideration of the intersection between key ecological themes and recent policy developments. Investigation of current issues in environmental science and politics. Development of critical skills for assessing, framing and conveying information essential to planning, managing and developing policy for environmental stewardship.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'PLAN', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('368', 'GEOG', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'PLAN', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 101, 202/202A, PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'GEOG', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 202, GEOG/ERS 203, GEOG 250 or PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PLAN', '007562', 'UG', 'Research Methods for Planners', 'This course develops the capacity of students to apply research methods to planning-related issues. Examination of a variety of alternative approaches to designing and conducting research. Students learn how to become informed consumers and producers of planning-related research.', 'Prereq: PLAN/GEOG 281, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'PLAN', '007577', 'UG', 'Planners and Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers, and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices. [Note: Additional cost for document preparation will not exceed $100+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'PLAN', '007579', 'UG', 'Professional Practice, Public and Private Administration', 'Professional practice responsibility and ethics, administrative methods and organization are considered in the context of the nature of organizations, politics and economics that provide opportunities and limitations. Perspectives are drawn from organizational theory, public administration, land economics, political and planning theory. Public sector decision making and policy development are discussed. This course may have a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $25+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PLAN', '007588', 'UG', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $60+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PLAN', '007592', 'UG', 'Urban Services Planning', 'This course will explore the interconnections and cascading effects of urban infrastructure services (waste and water systems, power grids, transport networks, digital circuits) and the politics of planning for urban services in global and globalizing cities across the globe. Students will examine, in particular, the impact of climate change, and our collective responses to it, on the delivery of urban services and the role of progressive planning and policy in mediating infrastructure disruptions and disasters.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PLAN', '007599', 'UG', 'Planning Law', 'An analysis of the legal basis for planning in Ontario and the practice of planning law as it affects planners, municipalities, local councils, property owners and residents. The roles of planning boards, municipal councils, the Ontario Land Tribunal, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, provincial Cabinet and the Niagara Escarpment Commission in the planning process will be discussed.', 'Prereq: ENVS 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PLAN', '007608', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Planning', 'Course content varies according to instructor availability and demand for specific topics in planning, including field courses. [Note: Field trip fee may be required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'PLAN', '007636', 'UG', 'Land Development Planning', 'An examination of planning issues related to the design, economics and financing of private land and building construction projects including residential high-rise condominium, low-rise residential subdivision, infill, intensification and brownfield redevelopment and industrial/commercial land development. The course focuses on developer decision-making, analysis of risk, sources of financing, planning, environmental and engineering aspects of land development. This course may include a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $50+HST]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'PLAN', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'CIVE', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PLAN', '007638', 'UG', 'Projects, Problems, and Readings in Planning', 'Special planning projects and problems chosen in consultation with instructor. [Note: Prior to registering for this course, students must arrange with a faculty member to serve as advisor and complete a contract.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PLAN', '007655', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Practical experience in carrying out a research proposal under the direction of a faculty member. The results of this research will be presented in the form of an essay that meets both professional and academic standards.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'PMATH', '007659', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Logic', 'A broad introduction to mathematical logic. The notions of logical consequence and derivation are introduced in the settings of propositional and first order logic, with discussions of the completeness theorem and satisfiability. [Note: PMATH 432 may be substituted for PMATH 330 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 or 145) and (MATH 225 or 235 or 245); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 245, SE 212.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PMATH', '007662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Rings and Fields with Applications', 'Rings, ideals, factor rings, homomorphisms, finite and infinite fields, polynomials and roots, field extensions, algebraic numbers, and applications, for example, to Latin squares, finite geometries, geometrical constructions, error-correcting codes.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PMATH', '007663', 'UG', 'Introduction to Group Theory with Applications', 'Groups, permutation groups, subgroups, homomorphisms, symmetry groups in two and three dimensions, direct products, Polya-Burnside enumeration.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PMATH', '007664', 'UG', 'Elementary Number Theory', 'An elementary approach to the theory of numbers; the Euclidean algorithm, congruence equations, multiplicative functions, solutions to Diophantine equations, continued fractions, and rational approximations to real numbers. [Note: PMATH 440 may be substituted for PMATH 340 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: MATH 225/126 or 135 or 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'PMATH', '007665', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Mathematics of Quantum Information', 'Finite dimensional normed vector spaces and inner product spaces. Positive and normal operators, the spectral theorem, and singular value decomposition. Tensor products, finite dimensional C* algebras, and the GNS representation. Completely positive maps, Stinespring''s theorem, the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism, and the Choi-Krauss representation. Entanglement and the Bell and Tsirelson inequalities. Vector states and density matrices, quantum channels, observables, and quantum measurement.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (AMATH/PMATH 331 or MATH 247 or PMATH 333). Antireq: PMATH 399 taken Winter 2019', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PMATH', '007669', 'UG', 'Real Analysis', 'Normed and metric spaces, open sets, continuous mappings, sequence and function spaces, completeness, contraction mappings, compactness of metric spaces, finite-dimensional normed spaces, Arzela-Ascoli theorem, existence of solutions of differential equations, Stone-Weierstrass theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'PMATH', '007672', 'UG', 'Complex Analysis', 'Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Goursat''s theorem, Cauchy''s theorems, Morera''s theorem, Liouville''s theorem, maximum modulus principle, harmonic functions, Schwarz''s lemma, isolated singularities, Laurent series, residue theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PMATH', '007674', 'UG', 'Lebesgue Integration and Fourier Analysis', 'Lebesgue measure on the line, the Lebesgue integral, monotone and dominated convergence theorems, Lp-spaces: completeness and dense subspaces. Separable Hilbert space, orthonormal bases. Fourier analysis on the circle, Dirichlet kernel, Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, Fejer''s theorem, and convergence of Fourier series.', 'Prereq: PMATH 351 with a grade of at least of 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PMATH', '007680', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PMATH', '007687', 'UG', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed, making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PMATH', '007690', 'UG', 'Analytic Number Theory', 'Summation methods, analytic theory of the Riemann zeta function, Prime Number Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic reciprocity. Dirichlet characters and infinitude of primes in arithmetic progressions, and assorted topics.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PMATH', '007691', 'UG', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Prereq: PMATH 348', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('467', 'PMATH', '007704', 'UG', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347, 351.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'PMATH', '007706', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'PSCI', '007724', 'UG', 'Global South', 'Why are some countries in the world poor and others rich? Why have some developing countries experienced rapid economic growth in recent years while others remain stagnant? What are some of the costs and benefits of development for societies and the environment? Students will explore multiple factors shaping economic growth, and political and social development in the Global South.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSCI', '007733', 'UG', 'Quantitative Analysis', 'How do quantitative methods contribute to political science? Students will study a range of quantitative methods, with an emphasis on practical applications. The course requires only a rudimentary understanding of mathematics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math students. Antireq: ARTS 280, BIOL 361, ECON 221, ENVS 278, ISS/SDS 250A/B, 250R, KIN 222, 232, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 205R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'PSCI', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'CLAS', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PSCI', '007740', 'UG', 'Modern Political Thought', 'Where do contemporary ideas about political obligation, equality, freedom, and justice originate? By studying some of the most influential texts in Western political theory that emerged from the 1500s to the 1800s, students will consider such concepts as social contract theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau), personal liberty (Mill), and structural-institutional critiques (Marx).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150, 225/CLAS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSCI', '007744', 'UG', 'Government and Business', 'How do the relations between government, business, and civil society function? Focusing on Canada in comparative context, students will study national and sub-national government policies relating to key debates in socio-economic development.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PSCI', '007747', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Economy of Advanced Industrial Democracies', 'How is the wealth of the \"rich democracies\" made? How is some of that wealth redistributed through democratic institutions and the actors who control them? Students will undertake comparative analyses across advanced industrialized liberal democracies.', 'Prereq: PSCI 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'PSCI', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'LS', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'PSCI', '007752', 'UG', 'American Government and Politics', 'How do the key institutions of the United States'' federal government function? Students will study the crucial elements of national political processes in America. Where appropriate, the course will focus on a particular upcoming electoral event.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PSCI', '007756', 'UG', 'World Politics', 'What patterns the distribution of power around the globe? When, where, and why does violent conflict or war break out? When, where, and why do co-operation and peace prevail? Students will study how billions of people live together in various degrees of harmony and disharmony.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('282', 'PSCI', '007757', 'UG', 'Foreign Policy', 'What trends prevail in foreign policy across states? Using a comparative approach by focusing on particular country-specific issues and approaches, students will explore important influences on the development of foreign policies and on the differentiation of big, middle, and small powers.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSCI', '007764', 'UG', 'Research Design in Political Science', 'What makes political science political science? Drawing on techniques from across various fields of political research, students will study the fundamentals of research design in political science, contrasting these approaches with dominant approaches in other closely related disciplines.', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'PSCI', '007771', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Political Theory', 'What is freedom? What does justice require? How does equality matter? Students will study 20th- and 21st-century thinkers'' interpretations of these, and other, key political values. Theoretical analysis will be grounded in current problems, such as poverty, racism, sexism, global inequalities, colonialism, and environmental degradation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PSCI', '007774', 'UG', 'Public Administration', 'What is the role of the public service in Canada? Students will study the structures and functions of Canada''s political system by examining the ways in which the public service relates to other institutions, such as the political executive and the legislature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'PSCI', '007776', 'UG', 'Topics in Canadian Public Administration', 'Students will examine the major issues in public administration, with course topic varying to reflect recent developments in Canada. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PSCI', '007789', 'UG', 'Political Economy of Development', 'What problems impede development in the Global South? Students will undertake the critical examination of North-South relations through the examination of topics including trade, investment, aid, industrialization, agri-business, development assistance, education, health, and food production.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 250, 252, 281. Antireq: INDEV 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PSCI', '007791', 'UG', 'Power Sharing in Divided Societies', 'How does the sharing of power ease or worsen conflict within society? Students will study different forms of power sharing, including pluralism, corporatism, consociationalism, and federalism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PSCI', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'LS', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PSCI', '007805', 'UG', 'Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy', 'What forces shape Canadian foreign policy? Students will study both the domestic and international factors that influence Canada''s foreign policy.', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; PSCI 281 or 282', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PSCI', '007806', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include climate change justice and transnational migration. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSCI', '007807', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. Past examples include political economy of energy in Canada, and dynastic politics in Pakistan. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'PSCI', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 370, LS 201; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'LS', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of LS 201, PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 291, 292, 370; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'PSCI', '007815', 'UG', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'What are the normative foundations, as well as limits, of democracy? Students will study contemporary challenges to democratic theory, focusing on questions of pluralism, inclusion and exclusion, rights, democratic organization, protest, and communication.', 'Prereq: PSCI 225/CLAS 225 or PSCI 226; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'PSCI', '007816', 'UG', 'Selected Subjects in Political Philosophy', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include genetics and justice. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'PSCI', '007818', 'UG', 'The State and Economic Life', 'What is the relationship between the state and economic life? Students will study current debates and competing ideological traditions as these conceptualize the relationship between the state and economic life.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PSCI', '007819', 'UG', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'Students will examine major trends in contemporary Canadian public policy, with course topic varying to reflect pressing policy issues. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 334; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PSCI', '007822', 'UG', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'How do systems of public administration vary across developmental contexts? Students will study the rise of the administrative state across cultural and political contexts.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PSCI', '007827', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Systems: Eastern Europe', 'What factors influence the politics of Eastern Europe? Students will compare political institutions and processes across the state of Eastern Europe.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSCI', '007830', 'UG', 'Topics in Politics in the Global South', 'Students will undertake advanced study of topics pertaining to politics and development, with topic varying according to current political issues and challenges. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'PSCI', '007831', 'UG', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution', 'What causes ethnic conflict? What strategies do states use to manage or resolve ethnic conflict? Students will undertake a comprehensive review of such strategies including both those that are morally unacceptable and those that are morally desirable.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSCI', '007834', 'UG', 'Canadian National Politics', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include the health (or ill-health) of Canadian democracy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PSCI', '007837', 'UG', 'Women and Public Policy', 'How, if at all, do public policies meet women''s needs? How do women experience public policies? Reviewing developments in Canada and elsewhere, students will reflect on the significance of feminist approaches to public policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PSCI', '007841', 'UG', 'Interstate War', 'What political forces shape war and conflict? Course topics will vary, depending on the instructor and current events. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 281 or 282; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PSCI', '007844', 'UG', 'Selected Topics in International Political Economy', 'Students will study particular issues of relevance to the latest debates in the field of international political economy. Topics may include the politics of global money and finance.', 'Prereq: PSCI 283 or 387; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PSCI', '007847', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include international trade and cultural literacy, and the practice of politics. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'PSCI', '007848', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include the ethics of war, the 2018 U.S. election, and U.S. foreign policy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'PSCI', '007849', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSCI', '007859', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer. [Note: A numeric grade for PSCI 499A will be submitted only after the completion of PSCI 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Political Science majors; Political Science average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSCI', '007860', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', 'Prereq: PSCI 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('207', 'PSYCH', '007889', 'UG', 'Cognitive Processes', 'An examination and evaluation of selected topics dealing with human information processing such as attention, memory, pattern recognition, consciousness, language, dyslexia, decision making, and problem solving.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'PSYCH', '007894', 'UG', 'Developmental Psychology', 'A course designed to introduce the student to current research and theory concerning children''s social, cognitive, and physical development from infancy through childhood to early adolescence.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212R', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213R', 'PSYCH', '007896', 'UG', 'Exceptional Children', 'Educational issues associated with cognitive, emotional, sensory, and physical differences and challenges.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253R', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSYCH', '007913', 'UG', 'The Psychology of Religious Experience', 'Approaches of traditional psychological theories toward phenomena of religious experience, mysticism, and prayer are examined. The psychological process of creating and naming \"gods\" is considered as well as comparisons among altered states of consciousness including some forms of prayer.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'PSYCH', '007915', 'UG', 'Psychology of Evil', 'Psychological perspectives concerning definitions, causes, and consequences of institutional and personal evil, as well as symbols and interpretations of evil in both religious and secular contexts, will be considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'PSYCH', '007917', 'UG', 'Psychological Perspectives on Gender and Sex', 'The course focuses on the existence of and bases for sex and gender differences with emphasis on biological, psychological, and cultural issues.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'PSYCH', '007918', 'UG', 'A Psychological Analysis of Human Sexuality', 'This course will examine psychological and social psychological theories and empirical investigations of human sexuality.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R. Antireq: SMF 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257R', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'PSYCH', '007931', 'UG', 'Physiological Psychology', 'Introduction to brain, basic physiological processes, and their roles in behaviour. Topics may include sensing and perceiving, neural bases of action, motivation, learning and memory, and consciousness. Both experimental and clinical data are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'PSYCH', '007934', 'UG', 'Basic Research Methods', 'This course introduces the methods used to observe, quantify, summarize, and describe behaviour in empirical psychological science. It focuses on research design and the interpretation of results.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A; Psychology majors. Coreq: MATH 103 if no 4U Math. Antireq: HLTH 333, ISS/SDS 251R, KIN 232, 330, REC 270, SWREN 251R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'PSYCH', '007935', 'UG', 'Basic Data Analysis', 'An introduction to the logic and methods of descriptive and inferential statistics with emphasis on application in Psychology. Topics covered include measures of central tendency and variability, distributions, the normal distribution, z-scores, hypothesis testing, probability, chi-square tests, t-tests, power, and correlation and regression. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291; Psychology majors; 1 of MATH 103 or 4U Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, KIN 222, 232, PSCI 214/314, REC 371, SDS 250R, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 250R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'PSYCH', '007938', 'UG', 'Perception', 'What we perceive through our senses makes up much of our conscious experience. This course examines how visual and auditory perception arises and includes topics such as how we become aware of colour, form, space, brightness, loudness, and pitch, and how this information guides behaviour. Other senses may be covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'PSYCH', '007939', 'UG', 'Human Neuropsychology', 'An introduction to current human experimental neuropsychology. The course will review evidence for brain-behaviour interactions obtained from studies of human brain damage and from investigations of the normal brain. Topics such as the representation of language, hemispheric specialization, memory, spatial ability, dyslexia, movement disorders, and affective disorders will be considered.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 261, KIN 356; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('308', 'PSYCH', '007940', 'UG', 'Psychology of Reading', 'An introduction to the psychology of reading with emphasis on 1) how adult readers recognize words, 2) various accounts of acquired dyslexias consequent to brain damage, 3) computational models of word recognition, and 4) the role of attention and eye movements in reading.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312R', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSYCH', '007944', 'UG', 'Cognitive Development', 'This course introduces research in the areas of debate in cognitive development pertaining to children in infancy and early childhood and drawn from a variety of disciplines including developmental psychology, psycholinguistics, and comparative psychology. Different methodologies and mechanisms of cognitive change are also covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 and 211; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSYCH', '007945', 'UG', 'Psychology of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood', 'A study of the psychological processes in the second and third decades of human development. Consideration is given to such areas as identity formation and intellectual, emotional, and social growth. Current concepts, issues, and research are stressed.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'PSYCH', '007947', 'UG', 'Child Psychopathology', 'An examination of children''s psychological disorders from several major perspectives with an emphasis on current research findings. Theoretical and clinical issues are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'PSYCH', '007948', 'UG', 'Psychosexual Organization', 'A detailed examination of concepts related to the formation of gender identity and psychosexual orientation. The nature-nurture debate will be explored as well as gay and lesbian identity and consciousness throughout the life cycle.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211 or 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334R', 'PSYCH', '007962', 'UG', 'Theories of Individual Counselling Psychology', 'An introduction to the methods, theories, and problems in individual counselling psychology.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PSYCH', '007965', 'UG', 'Introduction to Clinical Psychology', 'This course is designed to survey major aspects of clinical psychology such as historical background, assessment and intervention models, current trends, and future directions in clinical practice.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'PSYCH', '007967', 'UG', 'Organizational Psychology', 'Survey of organizational, group, and individual processes involved in work motivation, group dynamics, leadership, organizational climate, and organizational culture. [Note: Formerly PSYCH 338]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: PSYCH 338, AFM 280, MSCI 211, BUS 288W/388W, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('339', 'PSYCH', '007968', 'UG', 'Personnel Psychology', 'The application of psychology to human resource issues in Canadian organizations. Topics will include defining and measuring job performance, job analysis, performance appraisal, recruitment, personnel selection, and training. Procedures which meet technical, professional, and legal standards will be examined.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 101/101R or PSYCH 238, and one of PSYCH 291 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W, BUS 408W/498KW', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PSYCH', '007972', 'UG', 'Social Cognition', 'This course examines how people make sense of their social world: how they perceive, represent, interpret, and remember information about themselves and about other individuals and groups. Topics include representation, recall, and use of social knowledge, controllability of thought processes, effects of feelings and desires, stereotype activation and use, and cultural influences.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'PSYCH', '007977', 'UG', 'Evolutionary Psychology', 'The objective of the course is to consider human and animal behaviour from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective. Topics will include habitat selection and predator avoidance, sexual selection and mating systems, social behaviour, aggression, and evolutionary perspectives in perception and cognition.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 220R, 253/253R, 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSYCH', '007998', 'UG', 'Advanced Data Analysis', 'Aimed at developing an understanding of the use and interpretation of statistics in complex research designs, this course emphasizes analysis of variance and multiple comparison techniques to interpret the results of multi-factor experiments. The importance of power in factorial designs is discussed. The course includes a computer component that ties the use of a statistical package to the topics discussed in lectures. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology; Psychology average at least 74%. Antireq: STAT 322, 332, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'PSYCH', '008000', 'UG', 'Research in Developmental Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in developmental research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 395, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('394', 'PSYCH', '008001', 'UG', 'Research in Cognition and Perception', 'Current topics in the study of cognitive and perceptual processes including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 396, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'PSYCH', '008002', 'UG', 'Research in Social Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in social psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., ''hands on'' lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'PSYCH', '008003', 'UG', 'Research in Behavioural Neuroscience', 'Students learn about research in behavioural neuroscience in a hands-on, laboratory atmosphere with an emphasis on comparative and evolutionary approaches to understanding brain-behaviour relations. Projects include neuroanatomical methods and observation of behaviour using a variety of analytic methods. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'PSYCH', '008004', 'UG', 'Research in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in personality and/or clinical psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 395, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PSYCH', '008005', 'UG', 'Research in Memory', 'Current topics in the study of memory including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 396; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'PSYCH', '008006', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'PSYCH', '008007', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PSYCH', '008019', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Developmental Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in developmental psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSYCH', '008027', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Educational Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in educational psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 212/212R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PSYCH', '008035', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Social Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in social psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'PSYCH', '008049', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in personality and clinical psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'PSYCH', '008060', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognition', 'Topics reflect current issues in cognitive psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSYCH', '008065', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognitive Neuroscience', 'Topics reflect the research interests of faculty members, for example, cognitive neuropsychology, visual neuroscience, and hemispheric specialization. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'PSYCH', '008073', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Industrial/Organizational Psychology', 'Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Content may involve personnel (e.g., employee selection and appraisal) and/or organizational topics (groups/teams, justice, leadership, motivation, organizational culture, or organizational change). Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 238/338, AFM 280, MSCI 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'PSYCH', '008094', 'UG', 'Advanced Research Apprenticeship', 'This course involves an unpaid apprenticeship of 96 hours in a faculty member''s research lab in the Department of Psychology. Apprenticeship hours will be completed before the end of the lecture period for the term of enrolment. Students will be assigned duties that will enable them to advance their understanding of the research process. Course application forms are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. [Note: Grading is on a credit/no credit basis. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483 or 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PSYCH', '008096', 'UG', 'Applied Apprenticeship', 'For Psychology majors interested in a career in applied psychology. The course involves an unpaid apprenticeship in an industrial, medical, government, or other applied setting combined with regular seminar meetings. The apprenticeship will require a volunteer commitment of 60 hours during the lecture period. The course is offered on a credit/no credit basis. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. Course application forms are available at the Psychology undergraduate website. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291 and 292; Level at least 3A Psychology Majors; Psychology average at least 75%. Antireq: PSYCH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'PSYCH', '008097', 'UG', 'Emergent Literacy', 'Emergent literacy refers to the knowledge and skills children acquire from birth on through the preschool years that are important to the development of literacy (reading and writing). Students will learn about emergent literacy via a once-weekly seminar component and a once-weekly unpaid practicum placement at a local elementary public school where students will have the opportunity to read one-on-one with children who are at the beginning stages of reading. The practicum component will involve a commitment of up to 30 hours during the formal lecture period. Students wishing to enter the course must obtain a police check prior to the second week of classes. Transportation to the apprenticeship/volunteer setting is the student''s responsibility. Please review the course application form for information on safety for students on unpaid work placement and insurance responsibilities. Course application forms and further details are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211, 212/212R, 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Four-Year General Psychology students; Psychology average of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'PSYCH', '008098', 'UG', 'Directed Studies - Elective', 'The student will conduct an extensive literature review and write a major essay/critique of the literature under the supervision of a faculty member selected by the student. The course application form must include a detailed course plan including the method of evaluation. [Note: Normally students will take no more than three of PSYCH 480-486. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Psychology majors; Level at least 3A; Psychology average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSYCH', '008105', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 1', 'Under supervision of a faculty member students normally will review literature, design a study, present an oral research proposal, collect data, and write a scholarly report of the project. Students may choose to begin PSYCH 499 in their 3B or 4A term. [Note: No more than two of PSYCH 499A/499B/499C may be taken in one term. A grade for PSYCH 499A and 499B will be submitted only after completion of 499C. Further details are available in the Honours Thesis Handbook. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483, 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; cumulative Psychology average of 82%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSYCH', '008106', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 2', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A.', 'Prereq: Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology . Coreq: PSYCH 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499C', 'PSYCH', '008107', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 3', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A/B.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 499A; Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology. Coreq: PSYCH 499B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'REC', '008108', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Study of Recreation and Leisure', 'An overview of the broad field of recreation and leisure emphasizing the understanding of various leisure phenomena. As such, it provides the student with an introductory understanding of the nature and scope of leisure, leisure behaviour, and affiliated recreation activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'REC', '008109', 'UG', 'Introduction to Recreation and Leisure Services', 'Using a wide variety of leisure service agencies as examples, this course introduces students to the nature and scope of leisure provision. Topics include program components, the classification and management of resources, professionalism, and current managerial trends and future developments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'REC', '008110', 'UG', 'Play, Creativity and Child Development', 'A critical analysis of definitions, concepts and assumptions of classical, recent and modern theories of play with implications for programming, planning and evaluating children''s play.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'REC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: AHS/HEALTH 107 or SOC 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'SOC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'REC', '008117', 'UG', 'Marketing Recreation, Sport, and Events', 'Exploration of marketing concepts and methods available to public, commercial and private recreation, sport and event organizations. Topics may include the marketing philosophy, market research, market segmentation, and marketing mix strategies related to programming, distributing, pricing and promoting recreation, sport, and event experiences.', 'Prereq: Recreation and Leisure Students or Event Management Minor Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'REC', '008118', 'UG', 'Program Management and Evaluation', 'The scope of recreation program design and delivery is examined with particular emphasis on needs assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. This course emphasizes the application of the various management principles required for service delivery. A field trip fee estimated at $125 per student may be required.', 'Prereq: Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students. Antireq: REC 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'REC', '008119', 'UG', 'Outdoor Recreation, Tourism, and the Natural Environment', 'The course examines human-nature relationships in leisure and tourism contexts from an interdisciplinary perspective. It integrates experiential learning with theoretical and critical inquiry to understand and analyze values, attitudes, cultures, programming, impacts, management, and contemporary issues and trends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'REC', '008122', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Developmental and Emotional Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore the etiology of disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people with developmental and emotional disabilities.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'REC', '008123', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Physical Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore medical, sociocultural, and experiential understandings of physical disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people disabled by physical, natural, and social environments and structures within community.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'REC', '008128', 'UG', 'Introduction to Tourism', 'The scope and nature of tourism as a contemporary leisure experience is examined along with economic, political and social ramifications, research strategies employed, and implications for the future.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'REC', '008172', 'UG', 'Leisure and Community', 'This course covers concepts, theories, models, and issues relevant to understanding relationships between leisure and community. Areas of discussion may include the roles of leisure as a context for community building and development, critical understandings of relationships between community and leisure, as well as approaches to community building through leisure. Opportunities for experiential and collaborative learning will form major components of the course and a volunteer placement may be required.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'REC', '008173', 'UG', 'Aging and Leisure', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with the characteristics of the aging population, particularly as related to recreation, leisure, and lifestyle. It focuses both on the theoretical aspects of aging and their implications for leisure and on the practical aspects of recreation and leisure program development, delivery, and facilitation for all older adults.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'REC', '008188', 'UG', 'Quantitative Approaches to Leisure Research', 'An exploration of quantitative methodologies used in the fields of leisure. Philosophies, theoretical orientations, and ethical considerations will be emphasized as students discuss and participate in various approaches to research design, data collection, statistical analysis, and representation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408', 'REC', '008200', 'UG', 'Gender and Leisure', 'This seminar course focuses on recent theoretical and empirical research on the relationships between gender and leisure. Topics will include analysis of men''s and women''s leisure experiences, attitudes, constraints, challenges, and behaviours. Gendered aspects of leisure will be explored in a variety of social and cultural contexts, including families, informal and social settings, organized leisure, and the media.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;\n" - }, - "14fde27e9033f0bcbf59b2a7ab04ba544588b0dcaa2a2aa74279003f9ea1cc77": { - "describe": { - "columns": [], - "nullable": [], - "parameters": { - "Left": [] - } + "936e18b5cef35429c8357d9ad79a92d27124ce3e54e55ef2f5ef516203e26769": { + "query": "SELECT\n c.id AS id,\n c.catalog_number AS catalog_number,\n c.subject_code AS subject_code,\n c.external_id AS external_id,\n c.academic_level AS academic_level,\n c.title AS title,\n c.description AS description,\n COALESCE(\n NULLIF(array_agg(DISTINCT rc.subject_code || rc.catalog_number::TEXT), '{null}'),\n '{}'\n ) AS \"required_prerequisites!: _\",\n COALESCE(\n NULLIF(array_agg(DISTINCT oc.subject_code || oc.catalog_number::TEXT), '{null}'),\n '{}'\n ) AS 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"type_info": "Text" + }, + { + "ordinal": 4, + "name": "external_id", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 5, + "name": "offerings!: _", + "type_info": "Jsonb" + } + ], + "parameters": { + "Left": [ + "Int2", + "Text" + ] + }, + "nullable": [ + false, + false, + false, + false, + false, + null + ] + }, + "hash": "2928bab612a4ceb9a821eead693f369ab4afdc72ac56e12dd173f67de95e95fc" }, - "query": "SELECT\n c.id,\n c.catalog_number,\n c.subject_code,\n c.title,\n c.external_id,\n (\n SELECT\n COALESCE(NULLIF(jsonb_agg(DISTINCT co.*), '[null]'), '[]'::jsonb)\n FROM\n course_offerings co\n WHERE\n c.id = co.course_id\n AND co.year = $1\n ) AS \"offerings!: _\"\nFROM\n courses c\n LEFT JOIN course_offerings co ON c.id = co.course_id\nWHERE\n c.subject_code || c.catalog_number ILIKE $2\nGROUP BY\n c.id,\n c.subject_code\nORDER BY\n c.catalog_number;\n" - }, - "3ff8fb1a731df16da3ab835e5e560a17280e0eb30b819109f26745375f696c43": { - "describe": { - "columns": [], - "nullable": [], - "parameters": { - "Left": [] - } + "14fde27e9033f0bcbf59b2a7ab04ba544588b0dcaa2a2aa74279003f9ea1cc77": { + "query": "INSERT INTO course_offerings (course_id, year, term)\nVALUES\n\t(1, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(10, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(57, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(58, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(70, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(72, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(77, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(83, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(89, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(93, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(130, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(134, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(135, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(137, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(149, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(155, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(159, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(163, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(171, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(177, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(179, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(182, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(186, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(189, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(208, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(216, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(221, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(233, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(248, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(255, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(287, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(289, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(302, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(321, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(326, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(327, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(356, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(385, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(386, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(399, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(409, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(410, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(413, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(428, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(445, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(448, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(463, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(466, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(467, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(469, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(474, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(487, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(491, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(494, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(497, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(518, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(550, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(587, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(590, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(612, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(617, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(627, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(635, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(645, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(646, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(649, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(650, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(661, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(672, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(676, 2023, 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'Spring'),\n\t(1714, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1732, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1734, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1735, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1736, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1739, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1740, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1741, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1742, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1747, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1750, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1751, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1752, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1754, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1757, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1758, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1759, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1762, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1763, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1764, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1771, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1772, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1776, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1779, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1785, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1786, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1790, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1791, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1799, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1816, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1817, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1818, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1823, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1824, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1831, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1833, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1834, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1835, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1836, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1839, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1842, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1843, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1858, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1859, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1860, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1864, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1868, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1869, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1871, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1872, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1874, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1875, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1877, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1878, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1879, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1891, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1908, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1928, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1930, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1937, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1943, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1945, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1947, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1958, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1961, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1970, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1971, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1976, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1979, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1982, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1983, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1984, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1985, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1988, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1989, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1990, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1994, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1996, 2023, 'Spring')\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;", + "describe": { + "columns": [], + "parameters": { + "Left": [] + }, + "nullable": [] + }, + "hash": "14fde27e9033f0bcbf59b2a7ab04ba544588b0dcaa2a2aa74279003f9ea1cc77" }, - "query": "INSERT INTO class_schedule (class_section, class_number, component, start_time, end_time, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday, sunday, instructor_name, location, course_offering_id, max_enrollment, current_enrollment)\nVALUES\n\t(3, 2269, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(5, 2730, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(105, 2731, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(4, 2296, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2267, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 56),\n\t(2, 2268, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 59),\n\t(101, 2377, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1101', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(102, 2378, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 1, 75, 58),\n\t(103, 2379, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1104', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(104, 2380, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1106', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2304, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Malik Datardina', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 47),\n\t(3, 2439, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cody Buchenauer', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 32),\n\t(13, 5437, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 2, 50, 51),\n\t(8, 2744, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Presslee', 'HH 1108', 2, 50, 58),\n\t(7, 2476, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(14, 5494, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(5, 2462, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Lin', 'HH 2107', 2, 50, 31),\n\t(2, 2410, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(6, 2475, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '18:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Julia Lipiec Klann, Dimitri Sarabalos', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 17),\n\t(9, 5353, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 41),\n\t(10, 5354, 'LEC', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(11, 5355, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Dan Rogozynski', 'EV3 4408', 2, 30, 35),\n\t(12, 5356, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Lin', 'HH 2107', 2, 50, 26),\n\t(102, 5358, 'TUT', '21:00:00', '21:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 41),\n\t(103, 5359, 'TUT', '18:30:00', '19:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(101, 5357, 'TUT', '18:00:00', '18:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(4, 4878, 'LEC', 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false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 4, 1, 0),\n\t(5, 4524, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 4, 1, 0),\n\t(2, 4510, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Heidi Swanson', '', 4, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5527, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Walaa Moursi', '', 5, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4250, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jonathan Leake', 'RCH 208', 6, 15, 3),\n\t(1, 5044, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kanstantsin Pashkovich', 'MC 6029', 7, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3337, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Milad Kamkar', 'E6 4022', 8, 40, 15),\n\t(1, 5512, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ali Elkamel', '', 9, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 5521, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tizazu Mekonnen', '', 10, 3, 1),\n\t(1, 4543, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 11, 25, 3),\n\t(1, 3587, 'LEC', '09:00:00', '11:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'E2 3356', 12, 30, 12),\n\t(1, 5250, 'LEC', '15:00:00', '17:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'E2 3356', 13, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 3046, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liping Fu', 'E2 3356', 14, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 5478, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Mather', 'DWE 2402', 15, 10, 6),\n\t(1, 5249, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'E2 3356', 16, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 5498, 'LEC', '09:00:00', '11:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Pejoohan Tavassoti-Kheiry, Hassan Baaj', 'E2 3356', 17, 15, 6),\n\t(2, 5529, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Amy Li', '', 18, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5510, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Bruce MacVicar', '', 18, 3, 3),\n\t(2, 4202, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2034', 19, 4, 0),\n\t(1, 3889, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2035', 19, 3, 0),\n\t(3, 5451, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2035', 19, 3, 0),\n\t(2, 4075, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 3),\n\t(101, 5268, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 20, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 3923, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 4062, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2034', 21, 5, 2),\n\t(2, 4086, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2017', 21, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 3890, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Rafael Oliveira', 'MC 4060', 22, 16, 5),\n\t(1, 3891, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 2054', 23, 12, 8),\n\t(2, 4060, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 4045', 23, 12, 5),\n\t(101, 4319, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 23, 36, 19),\n\t(3, 5399, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 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1),\n\t(1, 3547, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Omar Ramahi', 'E7 4433', 30, 10, 7),\n\t(1, 4499, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '16:20:00', true, true, true, true, true, false, false, 'Colby Steelman', 'EIT 1015', 31, 40, 23),\n\t(1, 5519, 'RDG', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Shaun Frape', 'EIT 2044', 32, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4884, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Horatiu Rus', '', 33, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2270, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 34, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 5025, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nicole Nolette', 'QNC 2501', 35, 6, 5),\n\t(1, 5475, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tara Collington', '', 36, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 3646, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michelle Rutty', '', 37, 2, 2),\n\t(10, 5578, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 1),\n\t(9, 5235, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 5227, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5228, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(3, 5229, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(4, 5230, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(5, 5231, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(6, 5232, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(7, 5233, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(8, 5234, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 5236, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5237, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(3, 5238, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(4, 5239, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(5, 5240, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(6, 5241, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(7, 5242, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 2148, 'PRA', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Shannon Majowicz', '', 40, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2133, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'ONLN - Online', 41, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2135, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(2, 5570, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Maciel, Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2137, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 43, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 3271, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Charles Kwan', 'DWE 3518', 44, 50, 20),\n\t(1, 4921, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kaan Inal', 'E5 3052', 45, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3390, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Norman Zhou', 'E5 3052', 46, 15, 12),\n\t(1, 3176, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Mather', 'DWE 2402', 47, 15, 8),\n\t(82, 3274, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Torvi', '', 48, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3273, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Amir Khajepour', 'RCH 209', 49, 20, 13),\n\t(81, 3395, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Minna Allarakhia', 'ONLN - Online', 50, 50, 17),\n\t(1, 3499, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Safa Erenay', 'CPH 4335', 51, 50, 8),\n\t(1, 4904, 'RDG', '10:00:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jatin Nathwani', 'CPH 4335', 52, 40, 12),\n\t(2, 4595, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Hunter', 'OPT 350', 53, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 4515, 'RDG', 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Johnson', 'PAS 2084', 58, 15, 11),\n\t(1, 5245, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Richard Eibach', 'PAS 2085', 59, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 2131, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Heather Mair', '', 60, 10, 4),\n\t(1, 2146, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Troy Glover', 'ONLN - Online', 61, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5467, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Ellis', 'ECH 2113', 62, 2, 1),\n\t(1, 2451, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Daniel O''Connor', 'PAS 2085', 63, 15, 2),\n\t(1, 4166, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 64, 30, 6),\n\t(1, 4181, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 65, 5, 1),\n\t(1, 4189, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 66, 35, 10),\n\t(1, 4192, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 67, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 3914, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(101, 4322, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(1, 5540, 'RDG', '13:00:00', '13:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrea Scott', '', 69, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5541, 'LEC', '12:00:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Zelek', 'EC4 2017', 70, 3, 3),\n\t(81, 2283, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 71, 150, 142),\n\t(81, 2699, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 72, 50, 44),\n\t(107, 2745, 'SEM', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(108, 2746, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 48),\n\t(109, 2747, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(110, 2748, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2704, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 245),\n\t(2, 2705, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 237),\n\t(102, 2706, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(103, 2707, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(104, 2708, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(105, 2709, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(106, 2710, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(101, 2711, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 46),\n\t(201, 2773, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 73, 490, 482),\n\t(1, 2738, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(101, 2739, 'TUT', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(201, 5386, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(6, 5414, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1104', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(1, 2313, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 74),\n\t(2, 2314, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(3, 2315, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(4, 2316, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(5, 2416, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(101, 2317, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 75, 450, 449),\n\t(1, 5244, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Robert G. Ducharme', 'HH 124', 76, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 2482, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 43),\n\t(101, 2483, 'TST', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 77, 420, 346),\n\t(2, 2687, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 57),\n\t(3, 2688, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 58),\n\t(4, 2689, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 60),\n\t(5, 2690, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 53),\n\t(6, 2691, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 27),\n\t(7, 2692, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1101', 77, 60, 48),\n\t(3, 5472, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Geoffrey Jackson', 'HH 1108', 78, 50, 46),\n\t(2, 2452, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2366, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 49),\n\t(101, 2367, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 78, 150, 145),\n\t(1, 2740, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 49),\n\t(101, 2741, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 79, 120, 109),\n\t(2, 4995, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 60),\n\t(1, 2365, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Ecclestone', 'HH 280', 80, 50, 37),\n\t(1, 2368, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Dylan Corey', 'HH 1102', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(101, 2369, 'TST', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(1, 3959, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Brent Matheson', 'QNC 1502', 82, 120, 61),\n\t(101, 3944, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 101', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(2, 4244, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 92),\n\t(201, 4154, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(1, 3819, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 89),\n\t(1, 3823, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3903, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(201, 4188, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3942, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3825, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3826, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 4116, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 3997, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'PHY 150', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(1, 3936, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'MC 4060', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4158, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', '', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4144, 'TST', '17:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', '', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(1, 3830, 'LEC', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'OPT 347', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(101, 3951, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2054', 88, 100, 40),\n\t(81, 4245, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'ONLN - Online', 88, 75, 53),\n\t(102, 4002, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2017', 88, 100, 27),\n\t(1, 4550, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'STC 0010', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4655, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'MC 4059', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4323, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(201, 4324, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3842, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(101, 4325, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(201, 4326, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3820, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3831, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'PHY 150', 92, 60, 58),\n\t(101, 4217, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'PHY 150', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 3833, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'MC 4041', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 5397, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maria Liston', '', 94, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 2976, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jordan Schneider', 'ARC 1101', 95, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2977, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Scott Sorli, Di Tang, Lola Sheppard, Tracey Eve Winton, Monica Mo', 'ARC 3102', 96, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 3209, 'LEC', '14:00:00', '16:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Valerio Rynnimeri', 'ARC 1001', 97, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2978, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 98, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 3276, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 99, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 5186, 'STU', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Melissa Ng, Jaliya Fonseka, Michael Bootsma, Walter Bettio', 'ARC 3103', 100, 75, 77),\n\t(101, 4470, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 29),\n\t(102, 4472, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 23),\n\t(104, 5402, 'LAB', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 18),\n\t(1, 4509, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Simon Chuong', 'STC 0050', 101, 128, 102),\n\t(103, 4663, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4606, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'RCH 204', 102, 45, 45),\n\t(105, 4615, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(103, 4605, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 40),\n\t(1, 4483, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Laura Lemieux', 'STC 1012', 102, 225, 214),\n\t(101, 4484, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(102, 4485, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 41),\n\t(1, 4502, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jacqueline MacDonald', 'STC 0060', 103, 128, 116),\n\t(101, 4503, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(102, 4504, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 31),\n\t(103, 4505, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4506, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 21),\n\t(81, 4482, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sura Ali', 'ONLN - Online', 104, 300, 242),\n\t(1, 4544, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Mungo Marsden', 'STC 0050', 105, 140, 66),\n\t(105, 4661, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(106, 4662, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(1, 4477, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Matthew Joseph Hrycyshyn', 'B1 271', 106, 192, 181),\n\t(101, 4478, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(102, 4479, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 28),\n\t(103, 4480, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(104, 4481, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(81, 5248, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Messier', 'ONLN - Online', 107, 256, 214),\n\t(1, 5161, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marcel Pinheiro', '', 108, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 4497, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 109, 50, 7),\n\t(1, 4498, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 110, 50, 9),\n\t(1, 4035, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'QNC 2501', 111, 30, 26),\n\t(1, 3837, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Peter Nelson', 'MC 4059', 112, 75, 74),\n\t(3, 4311, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Vijay Bhattiprolu', 'MC 4061', 113, 120, 96),\n\t(101, 4312, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'STC 1012', 113, 360, 316),\n\t(81, 4239, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'ONLN - Online', 113, 130, 112),\n\t(1, 3840, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kanstantsin Pashkovich', 'MC 4020', 113, 120, 113),\n\t(2, 3841, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jorn van der Pol', 'MC 4059', 113, 120, 107),\n\t(1, 3838, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'MC 4045', 114, 90, 81),\n\t(1, 3839, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'QNC 1507', 115, 48, 17),\n\t(1, 5040, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Logan Crew', 'STC 0010', 116, 150, 83),\n\t(1, 3010, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3011, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 3012, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3013, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 2871, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(101, 2872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(1, 3210, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(101, 3211, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(1, 2912, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 308', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(101, 2913, 'LAB', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 33),\n\t(201, 2914, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 309', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(102, 3057, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3123, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(101, 3124, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(81, 4632, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jake Fisher', 'ONLN - Online', 123, 160, 134),\n\t(1, 4620, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 124, 100, 40),\n\t(101, 4555, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4540, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4465, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 126, 120, 110),\n\t(1, 4525, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'PHY 145', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(101, 4526, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'AL 211', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(1, 4516, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(101, 4646, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(3, 4556, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 28),\n\t(1, 4468, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 27),\n\t(2, 4469, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 24),\n\t(1, 4466, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5174, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5175, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'AL 113', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4541, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'DC 1351', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4523, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 38),\n\t(2, 4549, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 43),\n\t(101, 4647, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4467, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4596, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(101, 4597, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(1, 4462, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Fillion', 'RCH 110', 135, 120, 86),\n\t(1, 4463, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 44),\n\t(2, 4464, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 37),\n\t(81, 4637, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Leanne Racicot', 'ONLN - Online', 137, 250, 231),\n\t(1, 4461, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 138, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 4460, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 139, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 4546, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Corrigan', '', 140, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 4381, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cindy Zhuang', 'REN 2102', 141, 24, 12),\n\t(1, 4378, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Renjie Tang', 'REN 1918', 142, 26, 14),\n\t(1, 4889, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jie Yang', 'REN 1918', 143, 24, 13),\n\t(1, 2878, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2879, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2880, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2881, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2882, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Christopher Muirhead', 'STC 0040', 146, 130, 105),\n\t(201, 2883, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 44, 36),\n\t(202, 2884, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 43, 34),\n\t(203, 3190, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 43, 35),\n\t(101, 2945, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Christopher Muirhead', 'STC 0060', 146, 130, 105),\n\t(1, 3574, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Shunde Yin', 'DWE 3516', 147, 72, 72),\n\t(101, 3575, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Shunde Yin', 'DWE 3516', 147, 72, 72),\n\t(201, 3576, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 21),\n\t(202, 3577, 'LAB', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 26),\n\t(203, 3578, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 25),\n\t(1, 2923, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadine Ibrahim, Giovanni Cascante', 'STC 0040', 148, 125, 101),\n\t(101, 2947, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 148, 63, 51),\n\t(102, 2948, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 148, 62, 50),\n\t(1, 3552, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kunho Eugene Kim', 'CPH 1319', 149, 50, 24),\n\t(101, 3554, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Kunho Eugene Kim', 'CPH 1319', 149, 50, 24),\n\t(1, 2886, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'STC 0040', 150, 150, 94),\n\t(101, 2887, 'TUT', '12:00:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'STC 0040', 150, 150, 94),\n\t(1, 2888, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 150, 117),\n\t(101, 2889, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 75, 64),\n\t(102, 5266, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 75, 53),\n\t(1, 2998, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Gatlin Smeijers', 'DC 1350', 152, 125, 107),\n\t(1, 3338, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'STC 0040', 153, 150, 112),\n\t(101, 3339, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'STC 0050', 153, 150, 112),\n\t(1, 4913, 'FLD', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Trentin, Craig Hardiman', '', 154, 30, 8),\n\t(81, 4228, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Dave Tompkins, Barbara Daly', 'ONLN - Online', 155, 250, 188),\n\t(101, 3904, 'LAB', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 3005', 156, 60, 46),\n\t(1, 3905, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Barbara Daly', 'MC 4059', 156, 120, 101),\n\t(102, 4168, 'LAB', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 3005', 156, 60, 55),\n\t(102, 4179, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 157, 90, 88),\n\t(1, 4132, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'MC 4021', 157, 90, 87),\n\t(201, 4133, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 157, 180, 176),\n\t(101, 4151, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 157, 90, 88),\n\t(2, 5469, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'MC 4021', 157, 90, 89),\n\t(1, 3906, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cameron Morland', 'MC 4061', 158, 110, 87),\n\t(101, 3907, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Scott King', '', 158, 220, 187),\n\t(2, 4111, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cameron Morland', 'MC 4061', 158, 110, 100),\n\t(101, 4049, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0010', 159, 135, 132),\n\t(102, 4050, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 159, 65, 63),\n\t(103, 4051, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 159, 65, 64),\n\t(104, 4052, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4040', 159, 70, 67),\n\t(201, 3895, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Karen Anderson', '', 159, 405, 394),\n\t(1, 3843, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Schost', 'STC 0060', 159, 135, 132),\n\t(105, 4215, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4040', 159, 70, 68),\n\t(2, 3980, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Leili Rafiee Sevyeri', 'MC 2034', 159, 90, 87),\n\t(3, 4006, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Leili Rafiee Sevyeri', 'MC 4061', 159, 90, 85),\n\t(4, 4263, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Schost', 'MC 4061', 159, 90, 90),\n\t(4, 4267, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 2034', 160, 90, 90),\n\t(102, 3908, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 104),\n\t(201, 3909, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Gang Lu', '', 160, 360, 291),\n\t(2, 4007, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sylvie Lynne Davies', 'MC 4020', 160, 90, 51),\n\t(103, 4008, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 113),\n\t(1, 3857, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 2038', 160, 90, 74),\n\t(101, 3896, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 74),\n\t(3, 4134, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 4045', 160, 90, 76),\n\t(3, 4114, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Petrick', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 50),\n\t(105, 4115, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 40),\n\t(104, 4073, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 40),\n\t(101, 3897, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 41),\n\t(1, 3845, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Caroline Kierstead', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 51),\n\t(2, 3846, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Petrick', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 61),\n\t(102, 3910, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4042', 161, 60, 50),\n\t(103, 3911, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 48),\n\t(201, 3912, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 161, 360, 244),\n\t(4, 4272, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Brad Lushman', 'MC 2035', 161, 90, 82),\n\t(106, 4273, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 25),\n\t(101, 4327, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1085', 162, 135, 123),\n\t(102, 4328, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1085', 162, 135, 116),\n\t(1, 3847, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 76),\n\t(201, 3898, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 162, 270, 239),\n\t(2, 4036, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 81),\n\t(3, 4135, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 82),\n\t(1, 3848, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ahmed Ibrahim', 'MC 4021', 163, 120, 118),\n\t(2, 4009, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ahmed Ibrahim', 'MC 4021', 163, 120, 109),\n\t(1, 3849, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Aida Sheshbolouki', 'MC 2054', 164, 100, 96),\n\t(2, 4146, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Aida Sheshbolouki', 'MC 2017', 164, 100, 96),\n\t(101, 5221, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 165, 120, 116),\n\t(102, 5222, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 165, 120, 115),\n\t(1, 3850, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 2035', 165, 80, 79),\n\t(3, 5400, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 1056', 165, 80, 74),\n\t(2, 4010, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 2038', 165, 80, 78),\n\t(201, 4345, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sylvie Lynne Davies', '', 165, 240, 231),\n\t(1, 3858, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Collin Roberts', 'MC 4042', 166, 60, 25),\n\t(1, 3851, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Orchard', 'MC 4061', 167, 105, 102),\n\t(2, 4057, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Orchard', 'MC 4061', 167, 105, 103),\n\t(101, 5558, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 167, 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false, 'Houra Mahmoudzadeh', 'RCH 110', 327, 96, 95),\n\t(101, 2920, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 110', 327, 96, 95),\n\t(2, 3066, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Danielle Atara Ripsman', 'DWE 1501', 327, 120, 112),\n\t(102, 3067, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1501', 327, 120, 112),\n\t(1, 3560, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Peter Carr', 'RCH 103', 328, 120, 28),\n\t(1, 2950, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hassan Shavandi', 'MC 4045', 329, 104, 62),\n\t(101, 2951, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 329, 104, 62),\n\t(1, 4040, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Graeme Turner', 'RCH 306', 330, 50, 33),\n\t(101, 4041, 'TUT', 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'RCH 103', 332, 120, 98),\n\t(101, 3862, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 1502', 332, 40, 33),\n\t(102, 3863, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(103, 3864, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 204', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(104, 3865, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 32),\n\t(105, 3866, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4042', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(4, 3937, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'STC 0060', 332, 130, 120),\n\t(106, 3938, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'DWE 3518', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(110, 4203, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3522A', 332, 47, 42),\n\t(5, 4194, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'CPH 3604', 332, 95, 88),\n\t(109, 4195, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3516', 332, 48, 46),\n\t(2, 3939, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 126),\n\t(103, 3940, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(104, 3941, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 42),\n\t(105, 4018, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(106, 4019, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 44),\n\t(1, 3867, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 119),\n\t(101, 3868, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 39),\n\t(102, 3869, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(81, 4229, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Burcu Tuncer Karabina', 'ONLN - Online', 334, 120, 88),\n\t(1, 3870, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Paul-Herman Balduf', 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 3884, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 5419, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(81, 4230, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'ONLN - Online', 336, 120, 108),\n\t(1, 5418, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(201, 5171, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 4231, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 337, 150, 136),\n\t(1, 3871, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'STC 0010', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(101, 3872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 3873, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 338, 120, 77),\n\t(2, 4000, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(102, 4001, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2017', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(201, 3956, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 339, 300, 131),\n\t(81, 4237, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 339, 120, 117),\n\t(1, 3874, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Esha Saha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(101, 3875, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(103, 4083, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2054', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(3, 4082, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'RCH 307', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(81, 4241, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Alison Cheeseman', 'ONLN - Online', 340, 120, 45),\n\t(81, 4242, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Kabbes', 'ONLN - Online', 341, 120, 109),\n\t(3, 4261, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matthew Kennedy', 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 34),\n\t(103, 4262, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 34),\n\t(2, 4012, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Brady Ali Medina', 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 17),\n\t(102, 4013, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2017', 341, 100, 17),\n\t(1, 3876, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matthew Kennedy', 'MC 2017', 341, 100, 37),\n\t(101, 3877, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 341, 100, 37),\n\t(201, 3899, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 341, 300, 88),\n\t(1, 3178, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Sean Speziale', 'E7 4437', 342, 60, 23),\n\t(101, 3179, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4437', 342, 60, 23),\n\t(101, 3913, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E6 2024', 343, 96, 58),\n\t(1, 3878, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'E6 2024', 343, 96, 58),\n\t(81, 4240, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Bauch', 'ONLN - Online', 344, 120, 41),\n\t(81, 4234, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer McKinnon', 'ONLN - Online', 345, 160, 141),\n\t(2, 3955, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Christine Eagles', 'MC 4061', 345, 120, 74),\n\t(3, 4341, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Nat Kendal-Freedman', 'QNC 1502', 345, 120, 72),\n\t(1, 3879, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ian Payne', 'MC 4020', 345, 120, 119),\n\t(101, 3885, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(201, 4101, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(81, 4128, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer McKinnon', 'ONLN - Online', 346, 160, 135),\n\t(101, 3886, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(201, 3900, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(2, 3902, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 79),\n\t(1, 3880, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 100),\n\t(3, 4342, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 70),\n\t(4, 4016, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Douglas Stebila', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(104, 4017, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(3, 3995, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Olya Mandelshtam', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(103, 3996, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(1, 3881, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Logan Crew', 'MC 1085', 347, 135, 126),\n\t(2, 3882, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ashwin Nayak', 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 125),\n\t(201, 3901, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 347, 540, 503),\n\t(101, 3887, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 126),\n\t(102, 3888, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 125),\n\t(1, 4033, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ruxandra Moraru', 'MC 4063', 348, 50, 53),\n\t(1, 4044, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Aissa Wade', 'RCH 205', 349, 40, 38),\n\t(101, 4124, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 349, 40, 38),\n\t(1, 3844, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sandra Emms', 'MC 4064', 350, 25, 8),\n\t(1, 2815, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'John Brownell', 'CGR 1208', 351, 100, 32),\n\t(1, 2819, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 352, 500, 29),\n\t(1, 2820, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 353, 500, 18),\n\t(1, 2816, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Simon Wood', 'UTD 105', 354, 230, 217),\n\t(1, 2821, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 355, 500, 16),\n\t(1, 2822, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 356, 500, 5),\n\t(1, 2832, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 357, 35, 13),\n\t(1, 2825, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 358, 35, 2),\n\t(1, 2817, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 359, 40, 20),\n\t(1, 2847, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 360, 40, 4),\n\t(1, 2823, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 361, 500, 3),\n\t(1, 2824, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 362, 500, 6),\n\t(1, 2826, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 363, 35, 1),\n\t(1, 2827, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 364, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2830, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 365, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 2818, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 366, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 2828, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 367, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2831, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 368, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2833, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 369, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 4471, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sandip Randhawa, Olivia Ricci', 'ONLN - Online', 370, 36, 32),\n\t(101, 4589, 'TUT', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sandip Randhawa, Olivia Ricci', 'ONLN - Online', 370, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4500, 'CLN', '08:30:00', '17:20:00', true, true, true, true, true, true, false, 'Lisa Christian', 'OPT 149', 371, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4486, 'CLN', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Christian', '', 372, 36, 31),\n\t(1, 4487, 'CLN', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Christian', '', 373, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4488, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadine Furtado', 'ONLN - Online', 374, 96, 95),\n\t(81, 2843, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Malloy', 'ONLN - Online', 375, 120, 88),\n\t(81, 2844, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kelly Brown', 'ONLN - Online', 376, 60, 54),\n\t(81, 2544, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kelly Brown', 'ONLN - Online', 377, 90, 80),\n\t(1, 5374, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Naren Kumarakulasingam', 'CGR 1302', 378, 30, 10),\n\t(1, 2836, 'FLD', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ndagire Brendah', '', 379, 5, 2),\n\t(1, 2814, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 380, 3, 0),\n\t(1, 2829, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 381, 3, 0),\n\t(1, 2595, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Bruno Tremblay', 'SJ2 2002', 382, 40, 6),\n\t(1, 2237, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Woodcox', 'SJ2 2002', 383, 100, 28),\n\t(81, 2522, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Eric Devall, Sandie Devries', 'ONLN - Online', 383, 90, 86),\n\t(81, 2545, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zorn Rose', 'ONLN - Online', 384, 25, 22),\n\t(81, 2575, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zorn Rose', 'ONLN - Online', 385, 25, 23),\n\t(81, 2571, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadia Miller', 'ONLN - Online', 386, 45, 43),\n\t(1, 2523, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Craig Fortier', '', 387, 20, 13),\n\t(1, 2562, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Craig Fortier', '', 388, 20, 12),\n\t(81, 2238, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Soboljevski, Alex Gruenewald', 'ONLN - Online', 389, 90, 86),\n\t(81, 2302, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Soboljevski, Alex Gruenewald', 'ONLN - Online', 390, 10, 10),\n\t(1, 2295, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jamie Sewell', 'AL 124', 391, 80, 22),\n\t(1, 5172, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nick Ray', 'AL 105', 392, 80, 40),\n\t(81, 2524, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mitchell Ross, Darlene Drecun', 'ONLN - Online', 393, 40, 38),\n\t(81, 2518, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mitchell Ross, Darlene Drecun', 'ONLN - Online', 394, 60, 54),\n\t(1, 2453, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brian Orend', 'ONLN - Online', 395, 30, 28),\n\t(1, 2454, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brian Orend', 'ONLN - Online', 396, 30, 29),\n\t(81, 2526, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kyle Kenneth James Adams', 'ONLN - Online', 397, 40, 38),\n\t(81, 4474, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'ONLN - Online', 398, 150, 104),\n\t(1, 4969, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'STC 0010', 398, 120, 21),\n\t(101, 4970, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, 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'10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joe Qian', 'RCH 105', 412, 30, 12),\n\t(105, 3785, 'LAB', '19:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 24),\n\t(1, 3669, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV3 1408', 413, 135, 95),\n\t(101, 3670, 'LAB', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 26),\n\t(103, 3672, 'LAB', '19:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 18),\n\t(104, 3693, 'LAB', '18:30:00', '19:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 27),\n\t(1, 3763, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Carrie Mitchell', 'EV3 4412', 414, 40, 33),\n\t(1, 3699, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 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'12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Blake Madill', 'MC 4060', 423, 45, 24),\n\t(1, 2305, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brent Needham', 'STC 0010', 424, 150, 94),\n\t(103, 2330, 'DIS', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PAS 2086', 424, 25, 16),\n\t(104, 2331, 'DIS', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PAS 2086', 424, 25, 15),\n\t(105, 2332, 'DIS', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 119', 424, 25, 15),\n\t(106, 2333, 'DIS', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PAS 2086', 424, 25, 10),\n\t(101, 2328, 'DIS', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 119', 424, 25, 20),\n\t(102, 2329, 'DIS', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 119', 424, 25, 18),\n\t(2, 5572, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mariam Mufti', '', 425, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2810, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Alana Cattapan', '', 425, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2247, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Rebecca Pister', 'AL 116', 426, 285, 102),\n\t(81, 2517, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cam Smith', 'ONLN - Online', 426, 240, 234),\n\t(81, 2620, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kaiden M Stewart', 'ONLN - Online', 427, 320, 296),\n\t(81, 2527, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sherman Kwok', 'ONLN - Online', 428, 120, 117),\n\t(1, 2431, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Siobhan Sutherland', '', 429, 285, 114),\n\t(81, 2345, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kristin Wilson', 'ONLN - Online', 430, 240, 222),\n\t(81, 2548, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maksim Rudnev', 'ONLN - Online', 431, 100, 87),\n\t(1, 5013, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Siobhan Sutherland', '', 432, 285, 127),\n\t(1, 5105, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cam Smith', 'EIT 1015', 433, 150, 128),\n\t(1, 2250, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 434, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2251, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 435, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 5109, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sam Johnson', 'HH 138', 436, 25, 18),\n\t(1, 2248, 'PRA', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Roxane Itier, Allison Kelly, David Moscovitch', '', 437, 20, 4),\n\t(1, 2257, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jonathan Oakman', '', 438, 10, 1),\n\t(101, 2280, 'DIS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 439, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2249, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 439, 30, 14),\n\t(101, 2281, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2254, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2255, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 441, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2225, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alyssa Vanwyck', 'OPT 1129', 442, 120, 25),\n\t(1, 2224, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 443, 60, 28),\n\t(1, 2781, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 444, 60, 10),\n\t(81, 2190, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zara Rafferty', 'ONLN - Online', 445, 60, 35),\n\t(81, 2185, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Juliet Yeboah', 'ONLN - Online', 446, 350, 158)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;\n" - }, - "692cc385bfdcac16ffb6f05727da11357fe4a2d0abb529419de599e86a8a315a": { - "describe": { - "columns": [], - "nullable": [], - "parameters": { - "Left": [] - } + "692cc385bfdcac16ffb6f05727da11357fe4a2d0abb529419de599e86a8a315a": { + "query": "INSERT INTO courses (catalog_number, subject_code, external_id, academic_level, title, description, requirements, enroll_consent, drop_consent, prerequisites_id)\nVALUES\n\t('610', 'ACC', '000003', 'GRD', 'Public Accounting Practice', 'This course will enhance students\u00bf technical and communication skills that they have developed through the application and integration of their knowledge in various types of cases. Students will use these skills extensively in their careers as financial professionals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ACC', '000004', 'GRD', 'External Reporting with Integration', 'This course emphasizes financial reporting standards, in conjunction with assurance and tax, and their application through the use of scenarios and simulations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'ACC', '000011', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Venture Creation', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the processes involved in moving an idea for a new venture from concept through to launch. The theoretical knowledge and practical skills needed to create a successful entrepreneurial enterprise are developed. Topics include definition and evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities, business planning, funding strategies and early-stage revenue models, legal issues and intellectual property protection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'ACC', '000012', 'GRD', 'IT Assurance and Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques', 'This course will address audit considerations and other assurance services in computer-based information systems. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'ACC', '000013', 'GRD', 'Business Process Enablement and Project Management', 'This course will cover methods of improving business processes and managing related organizational change. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'ACC', '000020', 'GRD', 'Assurance and Governance', 'This course considers the role of risk in the context of assurance and the client''s risk management process and addresses the impact of risk on an assurance provider''s professional practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ACC', '000024', 'GRD', 'Tax Policy', 'This course examines the economic, political, legal and administrative aspects of selected contemporary issues in Canadian tax policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'ACC', '000028', 'GRD', 'Systems and Analysis for Management Decision-making', 'This course reviews and integrates theory, analytical approaches, and processes for those intending to pursue certification as a professional accountant. It provides insight into the problems facing management and executives using cases designed to expose students to real world situations requiring qualitative and quantitative analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'ACC', '000029', 'GRD', 'Understanding and Managing Organizational Change', 'This course is designed for individuals who are interested in a deeper understanding of the process of change from a senior management perspective.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'ACC', '000030', 'GRD', 'Topics in Accounting', 'One or more one-term courses will be offered at different times as announced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'ACC', '000040', 'GRD', 'Financial Accounting Research Seminar', 'Current research topics in financial accounting including applications of agency theory, capital markets theory and human information processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'ACC', '000041', 'GRD', 'Management Accounting Research Seminar', 'This course provides an in-depth look at the major research efforts that characterize contemporary management accounting and cost management systems. Particular emphasis is placed on field-based research techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'ACC', '000042', 'GRD', 'Auditing Research Seminar', 'A broad survey of current auditing research covering: the socio-economic role of auditing in society; the agency relationships between shareholders, managers and auditors; the factors influencing the quality of auditing, in particular, experimental research into key attributes of the audit judgment process, and technological innovations such as statistical sampling, regression, and expert systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ACC', '000043', 'GRD', 'Taxation Research Seminar', 'A survey of non-legal tax research in accounting. Tax research in related areas, especially economics, will also be reviewed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ACC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('970', 'ACTSC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'ACC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('971', 'ACTSC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'ACC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('972', 'ACTSC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ACC', '000047', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Accounting Research', 'ACC 781 provides an introduction to academic research in Accounting and Finance. It covers elements of scientific inference, experimental and quasi-experimental design, and various threats to valid inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ACC', '000049', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Accounting Research', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'ACTSC', '000078', 'GRD', 'Life Contingencies 3', 'Profit testing for traditional and non-traditional life insurance. Pricing and valuation of embedded options in life insurance products. Defined benefit and defined contribution pension plan design. Theory and practice of unit credit methods for pension plan funding and valuation for final average salary, career average earnings, and career average revalued earnings pension plans; post-retirement health benefits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('961', 'ACTSC', '000082', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods of Loss Reserving', 'Macro methods of runoff analysis: chain-ladder, least squares, separation, payment per claim incurred. Stochastic methods: Reid''s method, see-saw, payment per unit of risk, autoregressive models, Kalman filter.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('991', 'ACTSC', '000085', 'GRD', 'Topics in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('992', 'ACTSC', '000093', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'AMATH', '000116', 'GRD', 'Applied Functional Analysis', 'Basic concepts of functional analysis. Topics include: theory of linear operators, nonlinear operators and the Frechet derivative, fixed point theorems, approximate solution of operator equations, Hilbert space, spectral theory. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous undergraduate course in real analysis is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'AMATH', '000118', 'GRD', 'Advanced Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Qualitative theory of systems of ODEs. Topics include: existence/uniqueness of solutions, comparison principle, iterative techniques, stability and boundedness, Lyapunov method, periodic solutions, Floquet theory and Poincare maps, hyperbolicity, stable, unstable and center manifolds, structural stability and bifurcation. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in ordinary differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'AMATH', '000119', 'GRD', 'Advanced Partial Differential Equations', 'The main themes are well-posedness of problems, Hilbert space methods, variational principles and integral equation methods. Topics include: first-order nonlinear partial differential equations, quasilinear hyperbolic systems, potential theory, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, semi-groups, and power series solutions. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in partial differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'AMATH', '000132', 'GRD', 'Advanced Systems Analysis and Control', 'The main theme is the extension of control theory beyond systems modelled by linear ordinary differential equations. Topics include: advanced systems theory, control of nonlinear systems, control of partial differential equations and delay equations. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in control theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'AMATH', '000133', 'GRD', 'Hydrodynamic Stability and Turbulence', 'Mathematical methods, stability of parellel flows for unstratified and stratified fluids, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, centrifugal instability, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, the effects of viscosity and the Orr-Sommerfeld equation, transition to turbulence, averaged equations, closure problem, homogeneous isotropic turbulence, turbulent boundary layers, effects of stratification. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in fluid mechanics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('867', 'AMATH', '000134', 'GRD', 'Dispersive and Nonlinear Waves', 'Dispersive waves, propagation of dispersive waves in an inhomogeneous medium (WKB theory). Nonlinear resonant interactions. Solitons: completely integrable nonlinear wave equations (e.g., the KdV equation, nonlinear Schrodinger equations) and the inverse Scattering Transform. Applications to water waves and nonlinear optics. Introducation to weakly nonlocal solitary waves and beyond-all-orders asymptotics. Completion of an upper year course in partial differential equations is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('873', 'AMATH', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest\u00bforder quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: AMATH 673 or PHYS 701 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'PHYS', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest\u00bforder quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('877', 'AMATH', '000136', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Quantum Theory', 'Review mathematical formulation of operational quantum theory; theory of measurements and decoherence; quantum-classical contrast; review of historical perspectives on interpretation, including EPR paradox; Bell''s theorem, non-locality and contextuality; PBR theorem; selected topics including overviews of current interpretations of quantum mechanics and critical experiments in quantum foundations.', 'Prereq: AMATH 473/673/PHYS 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'BIOL', '000158', 'GRD', 'Fisheries Biology', 'The literature and methods of Fisheries Biology. Examination and discussion of selected topics of interest to the class. Emphasis will be primarily, but not exclusively on the ecology, habitats, and management issues related to temperature freshwater fish.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'BIOL', '000162', 'GRD', 'Environmental Animal Physiology', 'An advanced study of the physiological processes used by animals to respond to changes in environmental conditions. The study will focus on adaptation strategies used by animals to changes in temperature and other rate controlling environmental factors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'BIOL', '000163', 'GRD', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology provides opportunity for deeper study of new knowledge fronts and current issues in the field. Topics selection varies according to developments in the field and the interests of course participants, but is designed to provide broad coverage of the diversity of theoretical and methodological questions arising in modern aquatic ecology. The course is intended to be accessible to students with interests and background in ecology, environmental science, environmental engineering, or related fields.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'BIOL', '000165', 'GRD', 'Advanced Bacterial Genetics', 'Genetic aspects of the control of gene expression in bacteria and bacteriophages will be stressed. Recently published works will serve as the focal points for discussion. The specific content of any one set of topics to be analyzed in a particular term will be determined in consultation with the participants.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'BIOL', '000166', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Evolution and Diversity', 'A critical evaluation of selected research topics in evolution and the diversity of life and practical applications. Topics may include macroevolution, population genetics, evolution of behaviours, ecological evolution, phylogenetic reconstruction and/or phylogeny of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'BIOL', '000170', 'GRD', 'Applied Bioinformatics and Genomics', 'This course will cover current topics in bioinformatics and genomics, including genome assembly, annotation, sequence alignment, phylogentics, transcriptomics, and comparative genomics. Students will perform bioinformatics and computational analyses with an emphasis on topics relevant to their thesis work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'BIOL', '000173', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Environmental Toxicology', 'A critical evaluation of current research topics in environmental toxicology will be undertaken. Emphasis will be placed on the ecosystem approach to toxicology including cycling of toxicants, routes by which toxicants are removed from the environment and the impact of toxicants on species interaction within communities. Consideration will also be given to new methods for toxic hazard prediction and evaluation, as well as to biotic and abiotic factors that modify toxicant impact.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'BIOL', '000174', 'GRD', 'Advanced Microbial Physiology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in physiology of prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic microorganisms. Recently published research results will be the central points for the discussion. The topics might include but are not limited to microbiol growth behaviour under extreme conditions, microbial roles in the cycles of specific elements, processes of energy conservation, and properties and functions of key enzymes in microbial metabolic pathways.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'BIOL', '000178', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Plant Physiology', 'Discussions of selected topics not covered in other courses. These may include juvenility, dormancy, senescence, plant response to environmental stress, morphogenesis, photosynthesis and biochemistry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'BIOL', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'EARTH', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'BIOL', '000183', 'GRD', 'Topics in Applied and Industrial Microbiology', 'One or more topics will be addressed in detail through review of literature, including patents, and current practices in industrial microbiology. The topics might include but are not limited to Bacillus subtilis: a workhorse in industrial fermentations; production of microbiol lipids; Aspergillus fermentations. Each student will present a seminar on an assigned topic and the class will work as a group to prepare an up-to-date review of publication quality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('629', 'BIOL', '000185', 'GRD', 'Cell Growth and Differentiation', 'Discussion of literature relating to the cell cycle and cell differentiation. Topics may include: the cell cycle, DNA replication, mitosis, stem cells, cell proliferation and differentiation, cancer progression, epigenetics, chromatin remodeling, and extracellular matrix function. A strong undergraduate background in cell biology and molecular biology is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'BIOL', '000187', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods in Ecology', 'This course introduces statistical methods commonly used in ecology. Topics covered will include Experimental design, ANOVA, regression, general linear models, clustering, ordination, and some multivariate analyses of variance.', 'Antireq: GEOG 616/PLAN 616', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'BIOL', '000192', 'GRD', 'Advanced Immunology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in immunology. The areas to be covered will include cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, comparative immunology, and other topics of current interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'BIOL', '000197', 'GRD', 'Current Topics in Biotechnology', 'Recent developments in biotechnology, both applied and basic, will be emphasized. The course will cover such topics as the development of vectors for the stable transformation of plant cells, the isolation, characterization and manipulation of plant, animal and microbial genes, and the use of microorganisms to develop new products and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'BIOL', '000198', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology', 'Recent advances in selected topics of microbial ecology will be examined. Topics will be selected from soil, fresh water or other ecosystems with an important microbial component.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'BIOL', '000204', 'GRD', 'Bio-Molecular Tools', 'The ability to determine the three\u00bfdimensional structure of a biomolecule and correlate that structure to molecular function is essential to understanding its role in Biology. In BIOL 650 we will explore the use of biophysical and structural approaches that can be used to establish the structure and function of protein-based biomolecules. The primary emphasis of the course will be upon establishing structure\u00bffunction relationships in enzymes. Upon completion of the course, students will have gained a practical understanding of the use and limitations of the tools of steady\u00bfstate enzyme kinetics and x\u00bfray crystallography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'BIOL', '000206', 'GRD', 'Animal Molecular Biology', 'Selected topics in molecular biology will be presented at an advanced level with the aim of evaluating recent contributions and developments. Basic concepts and organismic interrelationships will be emphasized. The topics will concentrate on mechanisms of replication, transcription and (or) translation. Specific themes for discussion will be arranged each time the course is presented.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'BIOL', '000207', 'GRD', 'Plant Molecular Biology', 'Critical discussion of current developments in plant biology. The course will cover such topics as the structure, organization, replication and expression of plant and algal genetic material. Emphasis will be placed on understanding basic molecular mechanisms and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'BIOL', '000209', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Animal Behaviour', 'This course will deal intensively with a subject area in the field of animal behaviour. The particular topic for a given term will be determined by the interests of the participating members of the class. Suggested topics include: mating systems in the animal kingdom; patterns of parental care; cost/benefit analyses of social living. Recommended: a basic knowledge of animal behaviour and a devoted interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'BIOL', '000210', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing graduate courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 680 course for credit. (Offered to Master''s students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'BIOL', '000224', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 681 course for credit. (Offered to PhD students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681A', 'BIOL', '000225', 'GRD', 'Plant Biogeography', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'CO', '000232', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal Laurent series. Multivariate ordinary generating functions and exponential generating functions. The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The Transfer Matrix method. Sieve methods, Inclusion/Exclusion, M\u00f6bius inversion. P\u00f3lya Enumeration, Enumeration of Trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'CO', '000233', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CO', '000239', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CO', '000245', 'GRD', 'Graph Theory', 'Colouring: Brooks'' Theorem and Vizing''s Theorem. Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Extremal graph theory; Ramsey''s theorem, Turan''s theorem, Mader''s theorem on graphs with no n-clique-minor. Probabilistic methods: Lower bounds for Ramsey numbers, graphs with large girth and chromatic number.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CO', '000246', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'Automorphisms. Cayley graphs and their properties. Arc and distance transitive graphs. Generalised polygons. homomorphisms and covers. Adjacency and incidence matrices. Eigenvectors of graphs. Quotients. Interlacing. Strongly regular graphs. Line graphs and graphs with least eigenvalue -2. Expanders. Shannon capacity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CO', '000247', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimalsolutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CO', '000248', 'GRD', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'CO', '000250', 'GRD', 'Convex Optimization and Analysis', 'An introduction to the modern theory of convex programming, its extensions and applications. Structure of convex sets, separation and support, subgradient calculus for convex functions, Fenchel conjugacy and duality, Lagrange multipliers. Ellipsoid method for convex optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CO', '000251', 'GRD', 'Quadratic Programming', 'A course on theory and solution algorithms for the minimization of a convex quadratic function subject to linear constraints. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, duality theory. Active set solution algorithms and their parametric extensions. Quadratic programmes as linear complementarity problems. Applications in portfolio optimization and structural analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CO', '000252', 'GRD', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point and active set strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'CO', '000253', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CO', '000269', 'GRD', 'Asymptotic Enumeration', 'Methods of obtaining asymptotic estimates for sums arising in enumeration. Application to Bell numbers, the distribution of balls into cells, and random graphs. Methods for obtaining asymptotic estimates for the coefficients of generating functions. Application to random planar graph problems and to unimodality problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'CO', '000273', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'CO', '000297', 'GRD', 'Directed Graphs and Applications', 'An introduction to the concepts of directed graphs, problems about directed circuits and directed cuts, and minimax equalities relating these and other graphical objects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'CO', '000298', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CO', '000304', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorial Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'CO', '000310', 'GRD', 'Topics in Matroid Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'CO', '000311', 'GRD', 'Topics in Discrete Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CO', '000317', 'GRD', 'Topics in Continuous Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('839', 'CO', '000332', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CHE', '000333', 'GRD', 'Theory and Application of Transport Phenomena', 'Mathematical analysis of momentum, heat and mass transport in systems of chemical engineering interest: development of the differential equations of change (continuity, motion and energy) for forced convection in isothermal, non-isothermal and multi-component systems; description of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and computation of momentum, energy and mass fluxes at surfaces under conditions of laminar flow; description of transport in turbulent flow by time-smoothing of the equations of change; turbulent velocity, temperature and concentration profiles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CHE', '000338', 'GRD', 'Chemical Reactor Analysis', 'Mixing effects (segregation and micromixing) on reactor performance analysis of reactor stability, 1- and 2- D models for packed bed reactors, heterogeneous non-catalytic reactions, heat and mass transfer effects in porous catalyst particles, reduction of data for catalytic reactions and scale-up concepts. Examples will be drawn from packed, fluidized bed and transport reactors, polymer reactors and 3-phase reactors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CHE', '000340', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CHE', '000341', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Polymer Processing Operations', 'Introduction to polymer processing concepts; fundamentals of polymer melt rheology; review of simple flows; characterization of mixtures and mixing; handling of particulate polymeric solids; polymer melting operations; modelling of polymer melt pressurization and pumping; overview of polymer extrusion principles; film extrusion operations; design of extrusion dies; polymer compounding and reactive extrusion; overview of molding operations; introduction to 3D printing techniques. Students are expected to have an understanding of concepts from polymer science, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and applied numerical methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'CHE', '000345', 'GRD', 'Principles of Biochemical Engineering', 'Aspects of mass-transfer, heat-transfer, fluid flow, cell growth, metabolic engineering and enzyme kinetics related to the design of biological processes and process equipment. Sterilization techniques, fermentation, bioreactor design and operation, including immobilized cell or enzyme systems and aspects of bioseparations engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'CHE', '000346', 'GRD', 'Advances in Biochemical Engineering', 'Design and control of bioprocesses with application to advanced or novel systems including enzymes, mixed cultures, genetically engineered cells, plant cells and animal cells. Exploration of new methods of producing materials, food, pharmaceuticals and providing services such as biological waste treatment.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHE', '000352', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various courses dealing with particle-fluid dynamics, non-Newtonian flows, flow through porous media, heat and mass transfer in two-phase systems, and the use of transient and frequency response to measure physical quantities.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHE', '000355', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of transport phenomena to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHE', '000360', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as advanced statistics, mathematical analysis, modelling, optimization and/or control of chemical processes.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'CHE', '000366', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of analysis of chemical processes to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHE', '000371', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Chemical Kinetics,Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics such as kinetics of chemical and biological systems, theories of catalysis, catalyst manufacture, residence time distribution, reactor flow models and reactor stability and optimization.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'CHE', '000376', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Chemical Kinetics, Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of advanced reactor engineering including topics such as chemical kinetics and catalysis to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHE', '000381', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', '', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHE', '000384', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of polymer science and engineering to suport independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHE', '000389', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Engineering & Materials Science', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as extractive metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering, corrosion, materials science and engineering and interfacial phenomena.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHE', '000392', 'GRD', 'Res Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Eng & Material Science', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the areas of electrochemical engineering, interfacial engineering and materials science to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHE', '000393', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biochemical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics in biochemical engineering, biotechnology, tissue engineering, food engineering, waste treatment technology and microbial engineering.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'CHE', '000404', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of environmental engineering and pollution control to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHEM', '000423', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include, for example, bioinorganic chemistry; inorganic reaction mechanisms; synthetic methods in inorganic and organometallic chemistry; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis; chemistry of polynuclear compounds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'CHEM', '000425', 'GRD', 'X-Ray Crystallography', 'Introduction: crystals, basic concepts; space groups; the reciprocal lattice; x-ray diffraction; the phase problem; structure factors; electron density; small molecule structure solution, structure refinement, structure results, journals and data bases, paper writing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'CHEM', '000426', 'GRD', 'Chemistry of Inorganic Solid State Materials', 'Introduction to solid state chemistry, common crystal structures, principles of solid state synthesis, theory and experimental methods for characterizing solids, including thermal analysis techniques, powder x-ray and neutron diffraction methods; special topics to include one or more of the optical, electronic, magnetic, or conductive properties of inorganic materials.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHEM', '000427', 'GRD', 'Structure & Bonding in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Free electron, Hueckel and extended Hueckel methods for molecules and clusters. Perturbation theory. Applications of group theory in inorganic chemistry; Jahn-Teller effects in molecular and solids. Energy bands in one, two and three dimensions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'CHEM', '000429', 'GRD', 'Advanced Transition Metal Chemistry', 'Magnetochemistry of transition metal compounds. Electronic spectra of complex ions including applications of molecular orbital and ligand field theories. Stabilization of unusual oxidation states and coordination numbers. Bonding, structure and reactivity of certain important classes of metal complexes, e.g. metal hydrides, metal-metal bonded species, biologically-significant model systems such as macrocycles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'CHEM', '000430', 'GRD', 'Advanced Organometallic Chemistry', 'Reactions, structure and bonding of organometallic compounds of transition and non-transition metals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHEM', '000431', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Analytical Chemistry', 'Special topics could include for example: trace analysis using modern instrumental and spectroscopic methods; advanced mass spectrometry (instrumentation and interpretation of spectra); analytical aspects of gas and liquid chromatography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('724', 'CHEM', '000435', 'GRD', 'Chemical Instrumentation', 'Instrumental components and optimum application; rudiments of design; electrical, spectral, migrational and other methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('726', 'CHEM', '000436', 'GRD', 'Topics in Analytical Spectroscopy', 'Atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy; methods of excitation and detection; quantitative applications. Molecular electronic spectroscopy: UV, visible and Raman; instrumental characteristics; applications to quantitative determinations, speciation, measurements of equilibrium, etc. Sources and control of errors and interferences. Determination and description of colour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('727', 'CHEM', '000437', 'GRD', 'Separations', 'Material to be covered will be drawn from the following topics: Diffusion; Isolation of organic material from the matrix; Chromatographic techniques - principles of chromatographic separations; Gas (GLC, GSC), Liquid (LLC, LSC, GPC, IEC), Supercritical Fluid (SFC) Chromatographies; GC-MS, GC-FTIR; Electrophoresis; Flow field fractionation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('728', 'CHEM', '000438', 'GRD', 'Electroanalytical Chemistry', 'A study of electroanalytical techniques and their role in modern analytical chemistry. The underlying principles will be developed. Techniques will include chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry, polarography, voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, coulometric titrations, flow techniques, electrochemical sensors and chemically modified electrodes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('729', 'CHEM', '000439', 'GRD', 'Surface Analysis', 'Modern surface analysis: description and importance of surfaces. Surface area determinations. High surface area solids, supports. Scanning electron microscopy: principles and applications. Auger electron spectroscopy. Applications in metallurgy and materials science. Depth profiling. ESCA: elemental compositions and studies of catalyst surfaces. SIMS. Infrared spectroscopy. Studies of supported metal and metal oxides. Acid surface sites and their role in catalysis. Scanning tunnelling microscopy; theory and applications. Single crystal surfaces. LEED. Studies of chemisorption.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHEM', '000440', 'GRD', 'Proteins and Nucleic Acids', 'Protein structure and function; intermolecular interactions and protein-protein association. Nucleic acid and DNA structure; protein-nucleic acid interactions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'CHEM', '000441', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Biochemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. For example, recent offerings have included: Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes; Heme Proteins; Chemistry of Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms; Peptides - Synthesis, Structure and Function; Food Enzymology; Advanced Microbial Physicology; NMR in Biological Systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'CHEM', '000445', 'GRD', 'Regulations in Biological Systems', 'Regulation of replication, transcription, translation, RNA processing, and protein degradation. Cell cycle and control of cell division.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'CHEM', '000446', 'GRD', 'Enzymes', 'Discussion of the underlying factors contributing to enzyme, abzyme and ribozyme catalysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'CHEM', '000447', 'GRD', 'Cell Membranes and Cell Surfaces', 'Structure, function and dynamics of membrane lipids and proteins. Membrane transport. Biogenesis and trafficking of membrane proteins. Signal transduction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHEM', '000449', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Theoretical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: theory of intermolecular forces; density matrices; configuration interaction; correlation energies of open and closed shell systems; kinetic theory and gas transport properties; theory of the chemical bond.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHEM', '000453', 'GRD', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Review of classical and quantum mechanics; principles of statistical mechanics; applications to systems of interacting molecules; imperfect gases, liquids, solids, surfaces and solutions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CHEM', '000454', 'GRD', 'Quantum Chemistry', 'Approximate solutions of the Schrodinger equation and calculations of atomic and molecular properties.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHEM', '000455', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: principles of magnetic resonance in biological systems; collisions, spectroscopy and intermolecular forces, surface chemistry; catalysis; electrolyte theory; non-electrolyte solution theory; thermodynamics of biological systems; thermodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHEM', '000459', 'GRD', 'Kinetics - Dynamics', 'Empirical analysis. Kinetic theory of gases. Potential energy surfaces. Unimolecular rates. Relaxation and steady state methods. Diffusion rates. Rates between polar molecules. Energy transfer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('756', 'CHEM', '000460', 'GRD', 'Spectroscopy', 'Aspects of electronic vibrational and rotational spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, and the solid state. Relevant aspects of quantum mechanics, Dirac notation, and angular momentum will be discussed. Group Theory will be presented and its implications for spectroscopy introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHEM', '000461', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Organic Chemistry', 'Two or three topics from a range including: bio-organic chemistry; environmental organic chemistry; free radicals; heterocyclic molecules; molecular rearrangements; organometallic chemistry; photochemistry; natural products.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CHEM', '000465', 'GRD', 'Synthetic Organic Reactions', 'Named organic reactions and other synthetically useful reactions will be discussed. The mechanism, stereochemical implications and use in organic synthesis of these rections will be presented. Examples from the organic literature will be used to illustrate these aspects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'CHEM', '000466', 'GRD', 'Strategies in Organic Synthesis', 'The synthesis of organic compounds is discussed and emphasis is placed on the design of synthetic routes. Examples drawn from the literature are used to illustrate this synthetic planning.', 'Prereq: CHEM 764.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CHEM', '000467', 'GRD', 'Organic Spectroscopy', 'Ultraviolet, infrared, resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, with emphasis on applications to studies of organic molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CHEM', '000468', 'GRD', 'Physical Organic Chemistry', 'Linear free energy relationships; substituent effects and reactive intermediates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CHEM', '000469', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CHEM', '000470', 'GRD', 'Physical Properties of Polymers', 'The physical properties of polymers are considered in depth from a molecular viewpoint. Rubber elasticity, mechanical properties, rheology and solution behaviour are quantitatively treated.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'CHEM', '000471', 'GRD', 'Polymerization and Polymer Reactions', 'The reactions leading to the production of polymers are considered with emphasis on emulsion and suspension polymerization and polymerization reaction engineering. Polymer degradation, stabilization and modification are also considered in depth.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'CHEM', '000472', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Polymer Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics of polymer chemistry related to the research interests of the faculty or prominent scientific visitors. Special topics could include, for example, polymer stabilization and degradation; mechanical properties; polymer principles in surface coatings; organic chemistry of synthetic high polymers; estimation of polymer properties; reactions of polymers; polymerization kinetics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('794', 'CHEM', '000481', 'GRD', 'Master''s Seminar', 'A public seminar and defence of a research proposal, to be given by all MSc students within two terms of entering this program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'CIVE', '000487', 'GRD', 'Engineering Risk and Reliability', 'This course gives a broad treatment of the subject of engineering decision, risk, and reliability. Emphasis is on (1) the modelling of engineering problems and evaluation of systems performance under conditions of uncertainty; (2) systematic development of design criteria, explicitly taking into account the significance of uncertainty; and (3) logical framework for risk assessment and risk-benefit tradeoffs in decision making. The necessary mathematical concepts are developed in the context of engineering problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CIVE', '000488', 'GRD', 'Prestressed Concrete', 'This course emphasizes the basic concepts in prestressed concrete analysis and design. Prestressing methods: pre-tensioning vs. post-tensioning. Serviceability and limit state design, prestress losses, flexural design of bonded and unbonded sections, fully prestressed vs. partially prestressed sections, design for shear, compression members, continuous prestressed concrete members.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'CIVE', '000489', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete', 'This course deals with the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, the analysis of such structures, and the background for the design standards. Topics include the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, shear in reinforced concrete members, members in bending and axial loading, and connections.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'CIVE', '000490', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Steel Design', 'This course deals with limit states design, torsional analysis of structural steel members; bolted and welded connections; stability and vibration; analysis and design of braced and unbraced steel frames, long span structures, and industrial steel buildings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CIVE', '000492', 'GRD', 'Elasticity', 'Analysis of strain and stress; stress-strain relations; equations of elasticity; plane strain, plane stress and generalized plane stress; torsion and flexure; three-dimensional problems; variational methods; dynamical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'CIVE', '000496', 'GRD', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Introduction to the mechanics of vibrations and Laplace transforms: dynamics of discretized systems; one degree of freedom systems; free and forced vibration; response to base excitation, stochastic excitation, impact. Lumped - mass multidegree systems: free and forced vibration of two degrees of freedom systems in response to harmonic and step functions, pulses, and general type. Matrix formulation for multiple degrees of freedom, natural frequencies (matrix iteration, Stodola-Vianello, Rayleigh), Lagrange equations, modal analysis. Flexural vibrations of beams, plates and frames. Earthquake response of single and multistorey buildings and practical considerations of earthquake design.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CIVE', '000501', 'GRD', 'Urban Transportation Planning Models: Principles & Applications', 'Urban transportation planning models. land use transportation interaction, trip production and attraction, trip distribution, mode choice, tree building and capacitated and uncapacitated route assignment, aggregate and disaggregate model analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CIVE', '000502', 'GRD', 'Advances in Public Transportation Planning, Operations & Control', 'The focus of this course is on the use of quantitative techniques to analyse and solve problems arising in the planning, design, operation and management of urban public transportation systems. Topics include an introduction to public transportation modes, transit performance analysis, fleet sizing and route design; control of transit operations, and paratransit planning, scheduling and dispatching. The course also covers various transit modelling issues arising in the Advanced Public Transportation Systems that aim at maximising transit system efficiency and reliability using emerging technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), electronic fare payment, and automatic passenger counters and pre-trip/en-route passenger information systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CIVE', '000503', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management I', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of pavement design, construction and management systems. Structural behaviour of flexible and rigid pavements will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: testing of pavement materials including aggregates, asphalt, concrete and various other specialized pavement materials, pavement distresses such as fatigue, rutting and temperature related cracking and the key elements to pavement management systems and their operation. Theoretical principles are combined with practical examples of working systems that enable students to carry out various analyses of hypothetical and real life situations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'CIVE', '000504', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Traffic Flow Theory', 'This course examines the formulation, derivation, and application of theories associated with traffic flow on interrupted and uninterrupted road networks. Topics include traffic stream characteristics, human factors, car following models, safety, energy and emissions, and traffic flows at signalised and unsignalised intersections. Theoretical models will be tested using field data and simulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CIVE', '000506', 'GRD', 'Earth Structures Case Histories', 'Principles and elements of the design and analysis of earth dams and embankments. Field exploration; laboratory tests; design requirements; seepage control; methods of stability analysis for circular and non-circular slip surfaces; computer applications; stability coefficients. Introduction to dynamic (earthquake) analysis; soil liquefaction; tailings disposal systems. Stability of natural slopes and cuts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'CIVE', '000509', 'GRD', 'Numerical Methods in Geomechanics', 'Theoretical basis of numerical modeling in geomechanics; constitutive relationships and failure models for soils and rocks; numerical implementation of constitutive models in finite element and finite difference computer codes; engineering applications in areas of embankment and slope stability, mining, tunneling, soil and structure interaction. The course is structured to provide theorectical understanding and hands-on expericence with geotechnical analyses using FLAC3D computer code.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'CIVE', '000512', 'GRD', 'Physico-Chemical Processes of Water and Wastewater Treatment', 'Principles and design of physico-chemical processes for effecting water quality transformations in water. Process dynamics, reactions and reactors. Filtration, coagulation, flocculation adsorption and ion exchange. Membrane processes including reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and ultrafiltration. Principles of aeration and gas transfer, disinfection solid liquid separation and sludge handling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'CIVE', '000513', 'GRD', 'Aquatic Chemistry', 'The course content includes, but is not limited to: the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions, acid-base chemistry, solubility and complexation chemistry, redox reactions and essential elements of organic chemistry. The information is applied to water and wastewater treatment processes, and to natural aqueous environmental systems such as those that may be found in stream deposits and groundwater.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'CIVE', '000515', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods in Environmental Engineering', 'This course covers a variety of mathematical concepts and methods needed to develop deterministic models of water and environmental systems governed by ordinary and partial differential equations, including analytical and numerical solution of ODEs/PDEx using Laplace and Fourier transforms, Green''s functions, superposition, finite difference methods, finite element methods, complex variable theory, eigenmethods, vector calculus, separation of variables, Sturm-Liouville theorem and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'CIVE', '000518', 'GRD', 'Water Management', 'Multipurpose nature of water resouces planning and operational problems - cost and benefit variations in water resouces and conditions for project optimality. Optimization techniques - linear programming, dynamic programming, non-linear optimization - water management examples. Capacity expansion problems and long-term planning problems - short-term operation problems - operations decisions for power generation, flood control and irrigation releases as examples - multi-objective analysis models. Simulation of water resouce systems. Introduction to stochasti optimization of water resource systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'CIVE', '000519', 'GRD', 'Surface Water: Theory and Modelling', 'This course will introduce surface water modelling and the role it plays in environmental modelling. The emphasis will be on physical processes that are relevant to near surface partitioning of the energy and water budget; methods for basin representation, including options for sub-grid process; and introduction to data handling, including data acquisition, data sources, remote sensing imagery, digital terrain models, mapping methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'CIVE', '000520', 'GRD', 'Free Surface Hydraulics', 'Review of continuity, energy and momentum equations, resistance to flow in open channels. Gradually varied unsteady flow equations and kinematic wave approximation. Sediment transport equations and channel stability. Similitude of scale models, including distortion effects, laboratory techniques, and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'CIVE', '000527', 'GRD', 'Topics in Structural Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'CIVE', '000528', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'CIVE', '000529', 'GRD', 'Topics in Construction Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'CIVE', '000530', 'GRD', 'Cold Formed Steel Design', 'Covered in this course are the major topics relating to the behaviour and design of cold formed steel structural elements and members. More specifically, the following topics will be addressed from a theoretical and design point of view: local buckling of compression elements subjected to uniform stress and stress gradient; design of flexural members, compression members, beam-columns, composite steel deck slabs and connections; diaphragm design and lightweight steel framing. The governing Canadian CSA Standard S 136 will be used as a guide document.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'CIVE', '000531', 'GRD', 'Bridge Design', 'The course is based on the development of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Codes (Editions 1, 2 and 3), and the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, as well as experience with the Limit States Design versions of AASHTO Specifications. The course outline will generally follow these topics as these apply to short and intermediate span structures in North America: Bridge Geometry - types of bridges and various cross sections: Vehicle Loads including dynamic effects, temperature and wind: Earth Forces: Seismic Effects: Load Distribution - how are vehicle force effects transferred to the superstructure, for various cross sectional geometries: Design Criterion - limit states design: Fatigue in Connections: Foundation Design - pile and shallow foundations: Examples of Various Simple Span Designs: Concrete - Prestressed Concrete: Structural Steel: Repair and Rehabilitation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('707', 'CIVE', '000534', 'GRD', 'Advanced Building Science', 'This course deals with the science of heat and air flow, moisture storage and transport, and psychrometrics. Through the use of worked examples, these principles are applied to the analysis of typical building enclosure systems. Basic concepts are developed for the design of building details that are effective in the control of heat, air, vapour, rain, and that accommodate building movements. Various case studies of problems and solutions will be used.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CIVE', '000537', 'GRD', 'Advanced Project Management', 'This course presents advanced construction engineering and project management techniques that can be applied to improve cost, schedule, safety, and quality of projects. The course covers a variety of topics including: Critical Path Method; bidding strategy models; uncertainty and risk assessment; multiple-criteria decision analysis; planning of linear, repetitive, and distributed projects; project control and delay analysis; Enterprise Resource Planning; heavy construction equipment and methods; modelling and simulation; construction methods design; positioning and locating technologies; equipment automation and robotics; opportunity analysis and process of innovation; modularization and prefabrication; and construction human resource management.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'CIVE', '000538', 'GRD', 'Computer-Aided Project Organization and Management', 'This course deals with the application of computerized tools to develop decision-support systems to effectively manage time, money, and resources associated with construction projects. It covers: introduction to computer tools, review of the CPM method and project management software, optimization using Excel Solver, Expert Systems, Neural Networks, OOP programming, Genetic Algorithms, process modeling and simulation, multi-criteria decision-making, integrated project Management tools, networking, workgroup management, Internet, dealing with project uncertainty using Monte-Carlo simulation, various case studies and computer workshops.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CIVE', '000544', 'GRD', 'Infrastructure Management', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of infrastructure management for civil engineering. It will integrate design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and renovation with management procedures and systems. A framework for asset management including the importance of asset valuation, needs assessment, and performance indicators will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: sustainability concepts, decision support systems, database management, role of data in infrastructure management, monitoring and evaluation needs, failure analysis, quality management, economics and life cycle cost analysis and optimization. This course will combine theoretical principles with practical application. The course will include practical examples of engineering systems and will provide a basis for subsequent infrastructure management courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CIVE', '000549', 'GRD', 'Topics in Transportation Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CIVE', '000551', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management II', 'This course will focus on advanced pavement engineering. The course is primarily directed toward the management of existing road networks, with emphasis on pavements. Topics include priority programming of investments, in-service evaluation of structural capacity, serviceability of condition and safety, structural design, construction and maintenance management, and data systems. Example applications will be provided on various topic areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CIVE', '000558', 'GRD', 'Topics in Geotechnical Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'CIVE', '000560', 'GRD', 'Trenchless Technologies', 'Over the past ten years, a new group of construction methods, known as trenchless technologies, has gained widespread acceptance. Trenchless technologies include methods for installing and rehabilitating underground utility systems with minimal surface disruption and destruction that results from excavation. Underground utility systems include: water and wastewater distribution and collection systems; gas, petroleum and chemical pipelines; electrical and communications networks; access ways; and other small diameter tunnels used for a variety of applications. The objective of this course is to introduce trenchless technology methods and their importance in public works, pipeline construction, and rehabilitation. Students will be exposed to new topics and concepts through class lectures, specified readings, guest presentations, field trips, student seminars, and the completion of assignments. Topics to be covered include horizontal directional drilling, microtunneling, pipeline assessment, pipe bursting, and pipeline rehabilitation and renewal techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'CIVE', '000561', 'GRD', 'Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering', 'This course is designed to help students understand the fundamental principles and practical methods of geotechnical earthquake engineering. This course will present basic concepts of vibratory motion, dynamics, seismology, earthquakes, and strong ground motion, and introduces procedures of deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Basic concepts of wave propagation are used to develop procedures for ground response analysis and to provide insight into such important problems as local site effects, seismic slope stability, and seismic design of retaining structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CIVE', '000568', 'GRD', 'Topics in Environmental Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CIVE', '000569', 'GRD', 'Biological Wastewater Treatment: Theory and Practice', 'This course focuses on theory, modelling and application of microbiological processes that are being utilised in the treatment of wastewater. A review of relevant concepts in microbiology will be followed by core principles that are used to assess contaminant removal kinetics and to model bioreactor performance. These principles will be drawn upon in discussion of applications of biological wastewater treatment technologies. If time permits, advanced topics including nonsteady-state systems and complex multispecies interactions will be introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('774', 'CIVE', '000572', 'GRD', 'Advanced Numerical Methods for Environmental Applications', 'The analyses of natural and/or manmade environmental systems commonly lead to quantitative descriptions, or mathematical models, of the underlying chemical, biological and physical processes. Numerical models are used for complex situations that may involve spatial variability of material properties, non-uniform geometry, and transient boundary conditions. The objective of this course is to introduce you to theoretical and practical aspects associated with numerical methods for environmental applications. Topics include: review of field equations, conservation laws, and continua; classification of PDEs; types of boundary and initial conditions; finite difference method, error analysis and stability; equation solvers; weighted residual techniques; finite element method; introduction to the finite volume method; techniques for advective dominated flows; sensitivity methods; and the solution to coupled non-linear equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'CIVE', '000574', 'GRD', 'Soil & Groundwater Remediation', 'This course focuses on the various technologies available to remediate soil and groundwater. Proven, emerging, and innovative technologies are investigated for application to both porous media and fractured porous media subsurface systems. The underlying theory and relevant engineering design aspects for each technology are presented. Case studies are critically examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CIVE', '000577', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Drinking Water Treatment', 'This course is intended for graduate students in the field of Water Resources with a strong interest in drinking water treatment. Several key concepts introduced in CIV E 670 are elaborated upon. Advanced drinking water treatment process theory is investigated through formal lectures and student design projects/presentations. Key process components that are addressed include reactors/reactions, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, and disinfection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CS', '000599', 'GRD', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CS', '000601', 'GRD', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'CS', '000602', 'GRD', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development: Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'CS', '000603', 'GRD', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'CS', '000604', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'CS', '000605', 'GRD', 'Database Systems Implementation', 'The objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of building a relational database management system. The course focuses on the database engine core technology by studying topics such as storage management (data layout, disk-based data structures), indexing, query processing algorithms, query optimization, transactional concurrency control, logging and recovery. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All other require permission from the school.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CS', '000606', 'GRD', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency and resource utilization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CS', '000607', 'GRD', 'Real-Time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. .Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'CS', '000608', 'GRD', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'CS', '000609', 'GRD', 'Computer Networks', 'An introduction to network architectures and protocols, placing emphasis on protocols used in the Internet. Specific topics include application layer protocols, network programming, transport protocols, routing, multicast, data link layer issues, multimedia networking, network security, and network management.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'CS', '000610', 'GRD', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'CS', '000611', 'GRD', 'Computer Security and Privacy', 'Security and privacy issues in various aspects of computing. Specific topics include: comparing security and privacy, program security, writing secure programs, controls against program threats, operating system security, formal security models, network security, Internet application security and privacy, privacy-enhancing technologies, database security and privacy, inference data mining, security policies, physical security, economics of security, and legal and ethical issues. (Note: Knowledge of operating systems equivalent to that obtained from CS 350 is assumed.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'CS', '000612', 'GRD', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars-Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars-normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CS', '000613', 'GRD', 'Computational Complexity Theory', 'The classification of problems according to the computational resources required for their solution, with emphasis on properties of feasible computations rather than on specific algorithms. Topics include: time and space complexity, tractable and intractable problems, computation using randomness, parallel computation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CS', '000614', 'GRD', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Design of good algorithms and analysis of the resources they consume. Lower bounds on the resource requirements of algorithms to compute certain functions. Problems from the following areas are discussed in this light: sorting and order statistics, data structures, arithmetic computations, the NP-complete problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'CS', '000620', 'GRD', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modelling', 'The interaction of financial modes, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. (Heldwith CS 476).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('684', 'CS', '000623', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Introduction to image and vision understanding by computer. Camera-system geometry, image formation and lighting, and image acquisition. Basic visual processes for recognition of edges, regions, lines, and surfaces. Processing of stereo images, and motion in image sequences. Object recognition. Applications of computer vision systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'CS', '000624', 'GRD', 'Machine Learning: Statistical and Computational Foundations', 'Extracting meaningful patterns from random samples of large data sets. Statistical analysis of the resulting problems. Common algorithm paradigms for such tasks. Central concepts: VC-dimension, Margins of classifier, Sparsity and description length. Performance guarantees: Generalization bounds, data dependent error bounds and computational complexity of learning algorithms. Common paradigms: Neural networks, Kernel methods and Support Vector machines, Applications to Data Mining.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'CS', '000625', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Introduction to mathematical logic Mechanical theorem proving. Game playing. Natural language processing. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department. Department approval will be by Undergraduate Advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'CS', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CM', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'CS', '000627', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690A', 'CS', '000630', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a credit/no credit course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690B', 'CS', '000631', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a grade course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'CS', '000632', 'GRD', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CS', '000650', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Database Systems', 'Algorithms and architectures used in parallel database management systems, with a focus on relational systems. Topics include system architectures; parallel and distributed query processing; federated dtabase systems; distributed transactions; data replication.', 'Antirequisite: CS 748T, 748Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('744', 'CS', '000655', 'GRD', 'Advanced Compiler Design', 'Project-oriented course that covers optimizing compilers and the implementation of advanced programming language features. Topics include intermediate representations; data-flow, dependence, and alias analysis; optimizing transforms, register allocation, instruction scheduling; memory management, garbage collection, threads, concurrency; single and multiple inheritance, generics, templates, type inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CS', '000656', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture', 'A project-oriented course that covers the concepts in software architecture. Topics include basic concepts (components and connectors, rationale, views, architectural diagrams, team implictions, evolution, size considerations), theory underlying softeware architecture, extraction of architecture from implementation artifacts, architecture of web-based and enterprise systems, clustering of subsystems, visualization approaches to software architecture, comprehension and cognitive aspects of software architecture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'CS', '000710', 'GRD', 'Graph-Theoretic Algorithms', 'Further exposure to the design, analysis and application of algorithms for problems defined on graphs. Topics include planarity testing and embedding; classes of planar graphs and fast algorithms for them; trees and tree-like graphs (bounded pathwidth and treewidth); perfect graphs and intersection graphs.', 'Antireq: CS 760K', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CS', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('820', 'QIC', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('767', 'CS', '000712', 'GRD', 'Advanced Logic for Computer Science', 'The course provides extended background in mathematical logic and its applications to various branches of computer science. It covers some fundamental concepts such as soundness and completeness theorems, compactness, the expressive power of a logic and the computational complexity of its basic decision problems. These concepts are being demonstrated on first order logic and modal logics. Finally the course discusses examples of applications of these concepts and tools to formal reasoning about programs and about hardware, to data bases, and to knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'CS', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'AMATH', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CM', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CS', '000725', 'GRD', 'Splines and Their Use in Computer Graphics', 'Spline theory and recent developments in techniques for representing, manipulating and rendering curves and surfaces constructed from splines in a graphic environment. Applications of interest include computer-aided design, synthetic image generation and animation.', 'Antireq: CS 679', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('786', 'CS', '000726', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Inference and Machine Learning', 'Covers the fundamental principles of probabilistic inference and computational learning systems. Topics include Bayes decision and utility theory, Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; learning with complete data; Bayesian networks, Markov random fields and factor graphs; models; learning with incomplete data; computational learning and PAC learning theory.', 'Antireq: CS 786P', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'CS', '000743', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Fundamental problems in computational vision where efficient and robust algorithms can be applied. Topics include image formation; linear systems and Fourier theory; image registration; feature detection; fitting models to data; optical flow; structure from motion; steriopsis; object recognition; high-level vision.', 'Antireq: CS 698Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'CS', '000747', 'GRD', 'High-Performance Image Synthesis', 'Project-oriented course that covers high-performance image synthesis using techniques for both real-time interactive systems and offline physically-based rendering. Topics include numerical techniques; visual perception and light; mathematical models of rendering; global illumination algorithms; real-time rendering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('798', 'CS', '000753', 'GRD', 'Advanced Research Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECE', '000764', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'Fundamental optimization techniques. Modelling. Shortest path. Network flow. Matching. Set packing, covering partitioning. Branch and bound. Cutting Planes, Dynamic programming. Search Heuristics. (Students will gain valuable background in optimization techniques that are applicable to a wide range of engineering problems. They will also gain experience using a state of the art optimizer, in solving an optimization problem of their own choice using techniques discussed in the course).', 'Antireq: ECE 700 Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECE', '000765', 'GRD', 'Statistical Signal Processing', 'Optimum mininum mean-square error (MMSE) Wiener filtering. Parametric and non-parametric spectrum estimation. Eigenstructure-based frequency estimation. Statistical parameter estimation using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum a posteriori probability (MAP), minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and least squares (LS) methods. Adaptive signal processing using least-mean-squares (LMS) and recursive least-squares (RLS) approaches. Discrete-time Kalman filtering. Recommended background: ECE 316: Probability Theory/ECE 342: Signals and Systems/ECE413: Digital Signal Processing/ECE 604: Stochastic Processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECE', '000766', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Theory of random variables, vectors and processes. Conditional probabilities and expectations. Convergence of sequences of random variables. Markov chains in discrete and continuous time. Poisson processes. Basic renewal processes. Stationary random processes, correlation, and power spectra. Emphasis on problem solving using probabilistic approaches.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECE', '000767', 'GRD', 'Queueing Systems', 'Introduction to queueing theory, queueing models, performance measures, performance analysis and evaluations, Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, Little''s formula, Markov and semi-Markov processes, birth-death processes, single server and multiserver queues, single stage and tandem networks, open and closed networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'ECE', '000768', 'GRD', 'Broadband Communication Networks', 'This course is concerned with the fundamentals of broadband communication networks including network architecture, Switch fabrics, design methodology; traffic management, connection admission control (CAC), usage parameter control (UPC), flow and congestion control; capacity and buffer allocation, service scheduling, performance measures, performance modeling and queueing analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECE', '000769', 'GRD', 'Digital Communications', 'Representation of bandpass signals and systems, modulation and demodulation for the additive white Gaussian noise channel, optimal demodulation for signals with random phase, noncoherent detection for binary and M-ary orthogonal signals, hard and soft decision decoding for linear codes, concatenated codes, performance of coded modulation systems, characterization of fading multipath channels, diversity techniques, performance of coded systems on fading channels, direct sequence and frequency hopped spread spectrum systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'ECE', '000770', 'GRD', 'Information Theory', 'An introduction to information measures, entropy, mutual information and information divergence, noiseless codes and the noiseless coding theorem, channel capacity for discrete and continuous channels, randomly chosen code words, the noisy coding theorem, error rate exponents, computational cut-off rate and its application to digital communications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'ECE', '000771', 'GRD', 'Image Processing and Visual Communication', 'This course covers the fundamental concepts and methods, as well as state-of-the-art theories and technologies in the field of image processing and visual communications. Topics include fundamental digital image and video processing methods; image analysis and understanding; statistical image modeling and perception; and robustness, scalability and security issues in visual communications.', 'Antireq: ECE 710 - Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'ECE', '000772', 'GRD', 'Communications Over Fading Dispersive Channels', 'Overview of mobile communications, characterization and modeling of wireless fading dispersive channels, optimum receiver structure, transmission performance in fading channels, diversity and performance improvement, co-channel interference, spread spectrum and multiple access, capacity analysis in cellular environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'ECE', '000774', 'GRD', 'Data Compression with Applications to Speech and Image Coding', 'This course consists of three parts: Part 1 will be concerned with the definitions of entropies as information measures and the derivation of the rate distortion function of Gaussian sources, which will form the basis for performance comparison. Part 2 will discuss the derivations, design and performance of certain compression techniques, including dpcm/entropy coding, predictive coding, linear predictive coding (LPC), adaptive predictive coding (APC), vector quantization, and tree and trellis coding. Part 3 will consider applications of compression techniques to speech and image processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECE', '000777', 'GRD', 'Computer Organization', 'Organization of high performance digital computers, high speed arithmetic algorithms, control unit and data flow organization. Pipeline systems. Stack machines, associative processors, parallel processors. Performance evaluation.', 'Antireq: ECE 429, CS 450, CS 650', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ECE', '000780', 'GRD', 'Computer Network Security', 'Evolution of computer security. Types of security threats, hardware threats, software threats, physical threats, cryptanalysis. The theory of secure message passing. Methods of encryption, private networks, Data Encryption Standard, Public Key Cryptosystems. Secrecy and Privacy in a network environment, long haul networks, local area networks. Protocols for computer network security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECE', '000783', 'GRD', 'Microelectronic Processing Technology', 'Sources and purification of materials, crystal structure, diffusion, oxidation, ion implantation, alloying expitaxy, impurity profiling methods, metallisation, photo lithography. Technologies for VLSI.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'ECE', '000784', 'GRD', 'Photovoltaic Energy Conversion', 'Physical source of solar radiation; direct & diffuse radiations; review of electronic materials; semiconductor concepts; optical absorption; generation and recombination processes in semiconductors; operating principles of photovoltaic devices; homo- and hetero- junction devices; equivalent circuits; quantum efficiency; current-voltage characteristics; Efficiency limits in photovoltaic devices; short circuit current and open circuit voltage losses; temperature effect; material-imposed limits; theoretical and practical limits; Photovoltaic device design and fabrication; silicon-based devices; gallium arsenide devices; thin film devices; device simulation; fabrication technologies; Advanced photovoltaic concepts; nano-structure and organic PV devices; System-level photovoltaics; module structure and design; back-end electronics; stand-alone and grid-interactive systems; photovoltaic hybrid systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'ECE', '000785', 'GRD', 'Nanoelectronics', 'This course will cover the following topics; Basics of quantum mechanics; Quantum confinement; Boundary conditions; Schrodinger equation; Basic function; Density matrix; Energy bands; Subbands; Reciprocal lattice; Brillouin zone; Graphene and graphene nanoribbon; Transport in nanoelectronic devices.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'ECE', '000786', 'GRD', 'Organic Electronics', 'The course gives an overview of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. It begins with a review of electronic structure of single organic molecules as a guide to the electronic behaviour of organic aggregates.Various relevant material phenomena are reviewed; including topics from photophysics (absorption and emission of light, excited states, radiative and non-radiative transitions), intermolecular charge transport mechanisms (hopping, disorder), charge injection and transport models, and energy transfer processes. Their\napplications in light emitting devices, solar cells, thin film transistors, photodetector and imaging photoreceptors, etc. are discussed. Aspects related to device fabrication and patterning may also be addressed.', 'Antireq: NE 479-T1 and NE 472, ECE 730-T18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'ECE', '000787', 'GRD', 'Fabrication in the Nanoscale: Principles, Technology, & Applications', 'The research in nanoscale science and technology has seen a very fast growth in the past years. The cornerstone for this exciting growth is the ability to create nanoscale patterns, which is the object of the current course. The course will cover all major nano-lithography technologies capable of generating or duplicating sub-lOOnm patterns, including lithographies based on photons, charged beams, scanning probes, replication and self-assembly. Within each lithographic technique, the students will learn its working principle, related materials and instrument, process and limit. This course is complementary to ECE 631 (Microelectronic Processing Technology), but takes fabrication and associated theory into nanoscale.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 - Topic 24', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'ECE', '000788', 'GRD', 'Advanced Analog Integrated Circuits', 'Design of MOS and bipolar analog integrated circuits at the transistor level, with an emphasis on the design of single-stage and multi-stage op amps. Related topics include biasing, compensation and noise will be covered. In addition, higher level analog and mixed analog/digital subsystems will be discussed, time permitting. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('637', 'ECE', '000789', 'GRD', 'Digital Integrated Circuits', 'Design of CMOS digital integrated circuits at the transistor level. Related topics include MOSFET switch and 1-V models, logic gate design, transistor sizing, interconnect parasitics, gate delay, timing design, logical effort, static and dynamic logic families, arithmetic structures, latch and flip-flop elements, memory cells and arrays, and input/output circuitry. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'ECE', '000790', 'GRD', 'Computer Aided Circuit Analysis and Design', 'Formulation of equations for arbitrary circuits, active network analysis; sensitivity calculations in the frequency domain; simple integration methods for time domain solution; numerical laplace inversion for transient solution of linear lumped and distributed networks; solution of nonlinear circuits; detailed time domain solution of nonlinear networks; simulation of switched networks in time domain; introduction to switched capacitor networks; iterative simulation methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'ECE', '000792', 'GRD', 'Algorithms for Physical Design of Digital Integrated Circuits', 'An introduction to the problems and algorithms that arise during the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of digital circuits. Course emphasis is on the backend of the CAD flow such as algorithms for solving problems including: technology mapping, partitioning, floor-planning, clustering, placement, routing and physical synthesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ECE', '000794', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Software Engineering', 'Fundamentals of software requirement analysis, software development as an engineering activity, basic process models, software specifications, modularity, cohesion, coupling, encapsulation, information hiding, principles of object oriented design, software project management, quality assurance and control. Priniciples of Software Architecture: Fundamental software architecture styles, synchronous & as synchronous communication of software components. Languages for software design specification: UML (class diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state diagrams). Overview of verification and validation techniques. Maintenance, evolution and reengineering, configuration management. Software metrics, quality assurance, fundamental cost and effort prediction models. Trends in software engineering (e.g., model-driven development, agile approaches).', 'Pre/Co-req: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26, or instructor consent. Antireq: ECE 355, ECE 451, CS 445, CS 645, SE 463, ECE 452, CS 446, CS 646, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ECE', '000796', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Students are expected to have programming experience with reading and writing code for large projects.', 'Prereq/coreq: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26 or instructor consent. Antireq: CS 447, 647, ECE 453, SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ECE', '000797', 'GRD', 'HVDC and FACTS', 'Application of state-of-the-art high power electronics to power transmission and distribution systems. The emphasis will be on three important application areas - high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) and Custom Power devices. The course addresses FACTS controllers including: static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), interphase power flow controllers (IPFC) and unified spower flow controllers (UPFC). Custom power devices such as shunt DSTATCOM, series compensating DVR and unified power quality conditioners (UPQC) are also discussed. This course will concentrate on the operating principles, models, and control and performance of power electronic systems used in these applications. Background required - ECE 463 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 661', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ECE', '000798', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Analysis and Control', 'The definitions and concepts associated with short circuit, power flow and stability analysis are presented and discussed. Models, techniques and tools used for these types of studies are discussed with a practical perspective, and applied to the comprehensive analysis of a typical test system. Controls and protections for voltage, angle and frequency control and regulation, such as Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR), Power System Stabilizers (PSS) , Automatic Generation Control (AGC), under-voltage and under-frequency relays, are also studied and applied. [Note: Required background - ECE 467 or equivalent.}', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'ECE', '000799', 'GRD', 'Energy Processing', 'This course is intended to embrace power electronic aspects together with the broader issues of the systems of energy processing for emerging technologies. Within this framework, topics include performance, selection and optimization of power semiconductor devices including thyristors, GTOs, triacs, BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs and MCTs; classification, circuits and performance of converting circuits including rectifiers, inverters, choppers and cycloconverters; control and protection of conversion circuits; requirements and constraints of energy processing systems such as variable speed drives, high energy battery installations, transportation, solar and wind generators and industrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ECE', '000800', 'GRD', 'Power System Components and Modeling', 'The basic structure, functional characteristics and protection schemes of the main components that make up a power system are studied, in particular generators, transformers, transmission lines, cables, loads, HVDC and FACTS controllers. Models of these components for detailed electromagnetic transient analysis and phasor-based studies such as power flow and stability studies are discussed in detail, and various models are compared and validated through simulations performed with commercial software packages. Required Background - ECE 631 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 664', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'ECE', '000801', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Operation', 'The course deals in details of power system operation in the context of restructured electricity markets. Basics of power system operation - economic load dispatch, concept of marginal cost, Kuhn-Tucker''s conditions of optimum, unit commitments, hydro-thermal coordination, optimal power flow analysis and security constrained economic dispatch are introduced. On the topic of transmission open access, the course discusses transmission pricing paradigms and the role of distribution factors in pricing. Transmission operations cover congestion management methods and firm transmission rights. Ancillary services procurement and pricing and power system security are discussed. Background - ECE 467 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 760 Topic 4 and Topic 6', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'ECE', '000802', 'GRD', 'Sustainable Distributed Power Generation', 'This course covers topics related to sustainable and clean energy resources; distributed generation and utility interfacing. The following topics are covered: Wind power generators; construction; operation theory, modeling and analysis. Wind turbine interfacing techniques with the grid. Photovoltaic energy sources; construction, modeling, loading characteristics and interfacing requirements. Fuel cells; types, construction, modeling and characteristics, operation theory and interfacing requirement. Distributed generation concept; Barriers to DG interfacing; Reactive power control applications using the DG interfacing; Ancillary services supplied by DG. System protection requirements with DG.', 'Antireq: ECE 667', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'ECE', '000803', 'GRD', 'Distribution System Engineering', 'This course covers the following topics in distribution engineering: Load Characteristics and distribution system load forecasting; Distribution system planning; Distribution system automation; Design and application of distribution transformers; Design and optimal operation of sub-transmission lines and distribution systems; Distribution system voltage regulation; Reactive power control for distribution systems; Application of capacitors to distribution systems; Calculation of voltage drops in lateral distribution systems; Calculation of power losses in distribution systems; Introduction to distribution system protection. Background Required - basic knowledge of power system operation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ECE', '000804', 'GRD', 'Dielectric Materials', 'Selected topics from theory of solid insulation breakdown. Conduction process in insulating liquids. Hydro dynamic processes. Theories of breakdown due to gaseous inclusion, moisture inclusion and particle contamination. Kinetic theory of gases. Breakdown mechanism in uniform electric fields. Corona and breakdown in non-uniform electric fields. Compressed gas insulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'ECE', '000805', 'GRD', 'Microwave and RF Engineering', 'Fundamentals of microwave and RF circuit analysis, design and measurements; Generalized transmission line analysis; S-parameters; Coupler and filter design; Diode-detectors, and mixers; Low-noise and power amplifiers, oscillators; Computer aided design of RF circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECE', '000806', 'GRD', 'Optoelectronic Devices', 'Overview of optical properties of semiconductors and elements of plane wave propagation, theory and design of light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and detectors, optical spectra and transitions, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, carrier and optical confinements in heterostructures, quantum-well lasers, optoelectronic detectors, bandgap engineered graded structures, staircase type or superlattice structures for detectors, detailed quantum efficiency calculations and detector noise considerations, Introduction to monolithic integrated circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'ECE', '000809', 'GRD', 'Radiation & Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields', 'Mathematics of time varying electromagnetic fields, linear antennas self and mutual impedance, aperture antenna, wave diffraction theory, geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'ECE', '000810', 'GRD', 'Fourier Optics and Optical Signal Processing', 'Analysis of two-dimensional linear systems, Scalar diffraction theory, Fourier transforming properties of lenses, Frequency analysis of optical imaging systems, Spatial filtering and optical information processing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) - data processing, Wavefront-reconstruction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'ECE', '000811', 'GRD', 'Multivariable Control Systems', 'An introduction to control theory for linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems from both the state-space and input-output viewpoints. State-space theory: the concepts of controllability, observability, stabilizability, and detectability; the pole-assignment theorem; observers and dynamic compensation; LQR regulators. Input-output theory: the ring of polynomials and the field of rational functions; the algebra of polynomial and rational matrices; coprime factorization of transfer matrices; Youla parametrization, introduction to optimal control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'ECE', '000812', 'GRD', 'System Identification', 'Estimation theory, linear and nonlinear regression, numerical techniques for parameter estimation for static and dynamic models, the Kalman filter and extensions, stochastic approximation, empirical dynamic models - especially for linear sampled data systems with stochastic inputs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'ECE', '000814', 'GRD', 'Filtering and Control of Stochastic Linear Systems', 'This is a course on continuous-parameter state estimation and control for stochastic linear systems. It is based on a single unifying theme, namely that state estimation in linear systems is equivalent to projection onto a closed linear subspace generated by an observation process in a Hilbert space of random variables. This formulation of state estimation leads to the innovations theorem of Kailath, and this in turn has a number of corollaries of considerable practical importance, such as the Kalman-Bucy filtering formulae and the Rauch-Tung-Striebel prediction formulae which are much used for example in problems of inertial guidance and control in aerospace, in stochastic optimal control, and (more recently) in econometrics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'ECE', '000815', 'GRD', 'Nonlinear Systems', 'Equilibrium points, linearization; second order systems; contraction mapping principle; existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear differential equations; periodic solutions; Lyapunov stability; the Lure problem; introduction to input-output stability, introduction to nonlinear control techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'ECE', '000822', 'GRD', 'Wireless Communication Networks', 'This course is intended to introduce fundamental concepts and give an overview of recent developments in solid-state photonic devices, as well as their applications in quantum optics and information. These solid-state based photonic devices can be shaped at the nanoscale in order to control the light collection efficiency, integrated in control structures to manipulate their electronic properties, as well as photonic circuits to influence light at the single photon level. Applications include transferring quantum information over long distances for secure communication; generation and detection of non-classical states of light for use in metrology, imaging, and the quantum internet; and the manipulation and storage of quantum information \u00bf the fundamental element in a quantum processor.', 'Prerequisite: ECE 316, 610, 604; Antirequisite: ECE 710 - Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'ECE', '000827', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Solid State Devices', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ECE', '000828', 'GRD', 'CCD Image Sensors', 'As the cost of computing decreases at a phenomenal rate, the use of large format CCD area image sensors increases. Applications of CCD image sensors include industrial such as web inspection, document scanning, manufacturing product inspection for quality and process control, manufacturing product sorting and many other industrial applications. Multimedia and computers increasingly use their CCD image sensors or active pixel CMOS type image sensors. This course will start with the basic theory of CCD image sensors and graduate to CMOS type solid state image sensors. It will concentrate on the state of the art of this field and will deal with the basic device theory, the circuit design and architectures. Photosensitivity, noise, modulation transfer function and other aspects of spatial resolution will be covered. Related Background: E&CE semiconductor and circuit undergraduate courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ECE', '000836', 'GRD', 'Low Power VLSI Circuits for Wireless Communication', 'This course covers the system level design of integrated circuits for wireless transceivers. Specific mixed analog/digital circuits such as: mixers, A/D and D/A converters (Nyquist rate and oversampled) for IF digitizing as well as switched capacitor filters for IF and baseband processing will be studied. Related Background: Basic knowledge of Analog Integrated Circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'ECE', '000839', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electronic Circuits', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'ECE', '000844', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture & Design', 'Advanced study of software design and architecture; representation of architecture/design; software design methods; patterns in software design; analysis, assessment, verification and quality control for software design; case studies, current research issues and challenges. Related Background: Basic exposure to programming using C or C++, previous graduate or undergraduate course in software specifications, or software engineering should be sufficient.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ECE', '000845', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Systems', 'Models for concurrent programming; data programming; data parallel models for SIMD and MIMD computers; explicit, semiautomatic, and automatic approaches; data parallel compilers; software engineering issues such as program and data partitioning; task mapping and scheduling, concurrent program design, testing and debugging of concurrent programs, performance tuning, etc. Related Background: Basic exposure to programmin using C or Fortran, previous graduate or undergraduate course in operating system or concurrent programming would be helpful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ECE', '000847', 'GRD', 'Methods and Principles of Safety-critical Embedded Software', 'The application of formal test methods based on the structural and behavioural properties of software systems at the unit integration, and system testing levels; for conventional and object-oriented implementations. Related Background: Prior knowledge of a programming language and a certain maturity in compilers, operating systems, abstract data structures, object-oriented and programming skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ECE', '000856', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Antenna and Microwave Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ECE', '000865', 'GRD', 'Adaptive Control', 'Adaptive control is an approach used to deal with the unavoidable problem of plant uncertainty. Rather than providing a fixed linear time-invariant controller, this approach yields a controller whoes parameters change with time. This controller typically consists of a linear time-invariant compensator together with a tuning mechanism which adjusts the controller gains; typical control objectives are stabilization and tracking.The bulk of the course will be centered on an identifier based approach. Here one chooses a model for the plant, whose parameters are unknown, and the plant parameters are recursively estimated; controller gains are computed assuming that the present estimate is corrent. We first study algorithms to carry out parameter estimation, we then look at various control laws, and finally these are combined to yield an adaptive controller. Related Background: knowledge of linear system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ECE', '000868', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Stochastic Calculus', 'Monotone and Dynkin class theorems, introduction to discrete and continuous parameter martingales, stochastic integrals, Ito formula, Girsanov transformation. Held with: STAT 902.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'EARTH', '000879', 'GRD', 'Principles of Palynology', 'The morphology, taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of marine and non-marine palynomorphs from Paleozoic to Recent time are examined. Palynomorph morphology and taxonomic principles and methods of pollen analysis, pollen dispersal, deposition and preservation are explored and related to the geological record and their use in environmental reconstructions. The role of pollen analysis in Quaternary paleoecology is presented.', 'Prereq: EARTH 236 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'EARTH', '000880', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Recent Sediments', 'The origin of recent clastic and non-clastic sediments, the study of composition, structures, relationships, and environments towards an interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. The origin and significance of sedimentary structures, environmental associations, sedimentological models, hydrodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'EARTH', '000881', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Ancient Sediments', 'Interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. Sedimentation and tectonics, basin evolution, continental margins. Ancient clastic and chemical suites, diagenetic indicators, evolution of sedimentary suites through time.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'EARTH', '000882', 'GRD', 'Carbonate Sedimentology', 'Weekly seminars will introduce current concepts in a variety of subject areas in the deposition and diagenesis of carbonate sediments. Laboratory exercises will involve study of Pleistocene and older carbonate rock suites from a selection of geologic settings. Several laboratories will be devoted to introduction of common analytical techniques such as cathodoluminescence and SEM.', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 433', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'EARTH', '000883', 'GRD', 'Metamorphic Tectonites', 'The study of textural and structural features of deformed metamorphic rocks. A synthesis of micro- and mega-scopic techniques directed at elucidating sequences of deformation and crystallization. Quantitative methods in the study of deformed rocks. Elements of style and symmetry in tectonites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'EARTH', '000884', 'GRD', 'Aqueous Geochemistry', 'a) Basic thermodynamics and activity-fugacity relationships. Chemical equilibria, ion association and complexing, oxidation-reduction reactions. Models for aqueous equilibria in high concentration solutions. b) Interaction of groundwater with porous media; mineral dissolution/precipitation reaction kinetics, ion exchange, surface ionization of oxides. c) Use of computer codes such as PHREEQE and GEOCHEM to simulate mass transfer in geochemical systems. Examining and modelling chemical evolution in groundwater flow systems.', 'Prereq: EARTH 421', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'EARTH', '000885', 'GRD', 'Environmental Isotope Hydrology and Geochemistry', 'This course explores the application of environmental isotopes (principally 2H, 13C, 15N, 18O,34S) as tracers of inorganic and organic processes and cycles in nature, with an emphasis on the use of isotope tracers in water and climate studies, including runoff generation analysis, isotope-mass balance studies, climatology and paleoclimatology, and in studies of biogeochemical cycling. Other topics are tailored to student interest and research focus across the broad spectrum of geological, hydrological and biological questions that can be addressed using isotope techniques. Note: Open to graduate students in physical and biological sciences, physical geography and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'EARTH', '000886', 'GRD', 'Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits', 'Application of light and heavy stable isotope systems as process tracers and exploration tools for a wide variety of low-temperature and high-temperature ore deposits. The use of stable isotopes for oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations and for reconstruction of local and global redox conditions during deposition of petroleum source rocks. Offered in alternate years.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'EARTH', '000888', 'GRD', 'Advanced Petrology', 'Advanced numerical techniques and theory in quantifying the behavior of rocks and fluids at high temperatures and pressues. Application of experimental and natural data to the study of tectonic, metamorphic and igneous processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'EARTH', '000889', 'GRD', 'Genesis of Metalliferous Ore Deposits', 'Selected topics will be studied in depth with emphasis on deposits associated with volcanic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'EARTH', '000890', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Soil and Rock Mechanics', 'Site investigation techniques for strength and deformation properties, load tests, bore hole tests, rock classification, monitoring methods and instrumentation, borehole geophysics for geomechanical properties, correlation to case histories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'EARTH', '000891', 'GRD', 'Geomechanics of In Situ Processes', 'Geomechanics of in situ methods of energy recovery for heavy oil and minerals. Thermoelasticity, hydraulic fracture geomechanics, multi-phase system compressibility, remote and direct monitoring methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'EARTH', '000892', 'GRD', 'Clay Mineralogy', 'Structure, classification, properties, and nomenclature of clay materials. Genesis and environmental and engineering significance of clay minerals. Identification of clay minerals by X-ray diffractometry and other techniques. Clay minerals in diagenesis and sedimentary basin analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'EARTH', '000893', 'GRD', 'Advanced Engineering Geology', 'Time dependent behaviour of rocks, Griffiths crack theory, failure criteria for rocks, in situ stresses and their origins, behaviour of discontinuous rock masses, introductions to analytic and numerical methods for rock mechanics. Case studies, term project.', 'Prereq: EARTH 437', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'EARTH', '000894', 'GRD', 'Quaternary Geology of North America', 'Selected topics in the North American Quaternary such as Great Lakes history, Canadian organic deposits and fossil record, glacial and non-glacial stratigraphy, and the history of the last continental ice-sheet.', 'Prereq: EARTH 440 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'EARTH', '000895', 'GRD', 'Advanced Quaternary Ecology', 'Discussion of current topics in Quaternary ecology at the advanced level. Emphasis will be on application and significance of Quaternary ecological techniques to paleoenvironmental reconstructions, climatic change, land-use history, anthropogenic disturbance, and environmental modelling.', 'Prereq: EARTH 441 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'EARTH', '000896', 'GRD', 'Geoliminology', 'An introduction to basic concepts on the morphology, geology, geochemistry, sediment-related processes, and paleoecology of lakes. The focus is on the lake/watershed system and processes of the water column and associated terrestrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'EARTH', '000897', 'GRD', 'Global Problems of Quaternary Geology', 'Selected topics with global perspective, such as the deep sea record, long terrestrial records, Quaternary time boundaries, dating methods, paleotemperature analyses, isostasy, and sea level changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'EARTH', '000898', 'GRD', 'Geology of the Great Lakes Region', 'Selected topics dealing with the stratigraphy, paleontology, tectonic development, and economic geology of the Great Lakes Basin. Approximately one third of the course will be devoted to each of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Quaternary geology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'EARTH', '000899', 'GRD', 'Physical Processes in Groundwater Systems', 'This course aims to deepen the student''s understanding of physical processes occurring in natural groundwater systems. Flow and transport processes and their interrelationships with the characteristics of the porous medium are studied and the governing equations developed. Topics covered include the fundamental concepts of physical hydrogeology, flow in the saturated and unsaturated zones, flownet analysis, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), contaminant transport in porous and fractured media, stochastic principles of transport in heterogeneous media, coupled nonlinear processes, and applications in groundwater contamination/remediation. Recommended: EARTH 456 (can be taken concurrently with EARTH 650).', 'Prereq: MATH 213A and EARTH 359 or 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'EARTH', '000900', 'GRD', 'Advanced Groundwater Modelling', 'This course covers advanced numerical modelling topics in groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the subsurface. Topics to be explored include two- and three-dimensional transport in groundwater systems, density/ heat-dependent flow/transport, flow in the vadose zone, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids, multiphase dissolution and mass transfer processes, transport of biodegrading or chemically interacting contaminants, transport in fractured systems, transport in the vapour phase. The focus is on the use of models to obtain insight into the complex coupled processes that control groundwater contamination and remediation problems. Students will work with their own as well as existing models.', 'Prereq: EARTH 456 or 650 and 656', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'EARTH', '000901', 'GRD', 'Contaminant Hydrogeology', 'Physical and chemical processes influencing contaminant behaviour in groundwater with emphasis on field approaches. Interpretation of process effects in the context of various causes of groundwater contamination such as those related to landfills, chemical spills, mining and agriculture. Field experiments and case studies. (EARTH 621 and EARTH 657 or equivalent are recommended).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'EARTH', '000902', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Research Management', 'Advanced topics in the design and analysis of aquifer tests, behaviour of aquifer-aquitard systems, aquifer exploration, groundwater resource evaluation in undeveloped areas, artificial recharge, induced recharge, conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater, effects of excessive groundwater withdrawals, role of analog and digital models in groundwater management.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'EARTH', '000903', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Modelling', 'This course is an enriched version of EARTH 456 for graduate students. It introduces the student to numerical modelling techniques in groundwater science, with an emphasis on a sound understanding of the fundamental principles as a basis for developing and using models in a research environment. Numerical techniques including finite difference, finite element, and particle tracking methods are studied and applied to the solution of problems in groundwater flow, aquifer mechanics, flownet generation, and advective-dispersive transport. Proper modelling approaches, error analysis, stability, discretization constraints, pitfalls, and model misuse are discussed. Students will be developing some of their own groundwater models, and will be obtaining hands-on experience with state-of-the-art interactive groundwater models in the PC laboratory. Prior experience with FORTRAN is essential. Recommended: MATH 111B or equivalent. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: CS 102 and EARTH 359 and EARTH 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'EARTH', '000904', 'GRD', 'Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface', 'Fundamental processes governing the fate of organic contaminants in soil and aquifer systems. Emphasis on partitioning between phases (dissolution, sorption and volatilization) with applications. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 459 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'EARTH', '000905', 'GRD', 'Flow and Transport in Fractured Rock', 'An introduction to the physical hydrogeology of fractured rock. Topics will include a review of the structural geology of fractured rocks, development and validity of the cubic law, groundwater flow and contaminant transport in discrete fractures and fracture networks, hydraulic testing methods and the hydrogeology of low-permeability environments. Recommended: Differential Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 459', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('659', 'EARTH', '000906', 'GRD', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'This course builds on the fundamental principles of aqueous chemistry and water-rock interactions with emphasis on groundwater environments. Topics include the evolution of natural groundwater chemistry, chemical aspects of contaminant hydrogeology such as hydrocarbons, radioactive wastes, acid mine drainage and industrial and municipal waste disposal. Geochemical models are introduced and applied by students in a course project. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 221 or, EARTH 231 and CIV E 375 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'EARTH', '000907', 'GRD', 'Analytical Methods in Mathematical Geology', 'A course intended to provide MSc and PhD students with a working knowledge of analytical techniques for solution of differential equations governing flow and mass transfer in hydrogeologic systems. Use of various transform methods such as Fourier and Laplace will be covered and applied to a variety of problems of hydrogeological interest. The course will consist of lectures, selected problem assignments and/or individual projects. Recommended: Second Year Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'EARTH', '000908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Applied Geophysics', 'A field-oriented course on current methodology in the general area of geotechnical or engineering geophysics as applied to environmental problems. Typical topics covered: well logging and time domain electromagnetic surveys for groundwater supply; magnetic and terrain conductivity surveys for waste materials; ground penetrating radar applications to stratigraphy and contamination; streaming potential surveys of dam leakage. Usually taught with EARTH 461.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'EARTH', '000909', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Hydrogeology', 'A course dealing with the theory and applications of field techniques in hydrology. Physical, chemical, and isotopic methods are included with applications to groundwater and surface water hydrology. The course will consist of lectures, field activities, projects and assignments. All will be conducted over a 3-week time period at the end of the Winter term in April. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 or 650 and consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'EARTH', '000911', 'GRD', 'Current Problems in Geology', 'Seminars will be held to cover major topics excluded from other available courses. Graduate students will be required to present for discussion short colloquia based on their reading of assigned topics. Participation in the discussions, as well as the actual presentation of papers, will be an integral part of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'EARTH', '000912', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for MSc Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'EARTH', '000918', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for PhD Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECON', '000925', 'GRD', 'Microeconomic Theory I', 'This course studies models of economic decision making. Topics include: choice under uncertainty, consumer and producer theory and game theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECON', '000926', 'GRD', 'Macroeconomic Theory I', 'The main purpose of this course is to provide students with the methodological tools that underlie dynamic equilibrium analysis of the macro-economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECON', '000928', 'GRD', 'Monetary Theory and Banking', 'This course for MA students examines the monetary and financial aspects of the macro-economy. Its main purpose is to prepare students to conduct analyses of problems and policies in monetary economics. Topics may include the link between monetary policy and output, the economic cost of aggregate fluctuations, the costs and benefits of price stability, the role of central banks and the banking system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECON', '000929', 'GRD', 'Computational Economics', 'Static and dynamic general equilibrium modelling; computation, calibration and simulation. Sensitivity analysis. Policy applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECON', '000930', 'GRD', 'Research Methodology', 'This course focuses on increasing students'' understanding of the roles of economic theory and empirical methods and on the development of skills in the critical analyses of economic research. Through reading a variety of research papers and attending seminars, students will gain exposure to different research methodologies used in economics. Students will learn how to synthesize and critique research on a particular topic by writing reviews of academic papers and/or research reports from government and non-governmental agencies, as well as by writing a paper such as literature survey on an assigned topic. Students will enhance their writing skills and will also gain practice in presenting a research paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECON', '000933', 'GRD', 'Econometrics I', 'Specification and estimation of the linear regression model. Departures from the Gauss-Markov assumptions include heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and errors in variables. Advanced topics include generalized least squares, and simultaneous equations/instrumental variables. They may also include nonlinear regression, and limited dependent variable models. Some or all of the problem sets involve working with the computer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECON', '000935', 'GRD', 'International Trade', 'This course presents classical and new international trade theories and discusses selected topics representative of recent empirical research. Theory, extensions, applications and empirical tests of models such a Ricardian, Hecksher-Ohlin, increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition, political economy, heterogeneous agents (Melitz) will be covered. Additional elective topics include trade and environment; economic geography; trade, aid and development; trade and conflict; trade and growth.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'ECON', '000938', 'GRD', 'Public Economics: Expenditure', 'This course studies the economic role of the public sector in a modern market economy. Topics include the efficient provision of public goods, externalities and public choice analysis of the growth in government spending. Time permitting, some issues in the public economics of taxation may be covered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ECON', '000939', 'GRD', 'Industrial Organization I', 'Study of the firm as a rational economic agent, how it makes decisions and implements strategies in markets that are imperfectly competitive, and the differences in industry equilibrium relative to perfect competition. The course covers market owe (oligopolies and monopolistically competitive models), the theory of the firm (organization and contracts), vertical restraints, differentiated products, price discrimination, advertising, barriers to entry, and strategic behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'ECON', '000941', 'GRD', 'Resource Economics', 'The economics of renewable and non-renewable resources in a Canadian context. Problems peculiar to the fisheries, forestry, mineral industries and oil and gas production and consumption are analyzed. Also considered are economic and constitutional issues arising from the uneven distribution of resource rents in Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECON', '000945', 'GRD', 'Financial Economics', 'Topics covered include: expected utility theory, no-arbitrage pricing, equilibrium-pricing models, derivative-security pricing, asymmetric information, capital structure theory and dividend policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'ECON', '000946', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Economics', 'One or more half-courses will be offered at different times as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('674', 'ECON', '000947', 'GRD', 'Capstone Research Project', 'In this course, students organize individually, or in teams of two or three, to write a report on a contemporary topic in economics that relates to their co-op work term experience. Teams are responsible for organizing regular meetings to coordinate work tasks, keeping a record of individual contributions to the project. The report should reflect the connection between academic studies and co-op work experience, demonstrating evidence of critical analysis, good organization, clarity, and conciseness. The report with be presented to the current cohort of MA students and members of the department''s graduate committee. The final grade will be assigned by the Graduate Advisor.\n\nThis course is restricted to students in enrolled in the MA in Economics and MA in Economics - Water - Co-operative programs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'ECON', '000957', 'GRD', 'Econometrics II', 'The course provides a rigorous treatment of more advanced topics in econometrics. They include system of equations, simultaneous equations, generalized method of moments, empirical likelihood, vector autoregression and dynamic models, time series models and methods, discrete dependent variables, and limited dependent variables.', 'Prereq: ECON 621', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'ENGL', '001021', 'GRD', 'Rhetorical Studies', 'A course in rhetorical theory and criticism for graduate-level students.', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('797', 'ENGL', '001200', 'GRD', 'Digital Media and Literature', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('799', 'ENGL', '001201', 'GRD', 'Media Theory and Critique', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ERS', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'PSCI', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GGOV', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'ERS', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'GEOG', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PLAN', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ERS', '001213', 'GRD', 'Research and Design Methods', 'This course will examine different ways of knowing and modes of research design relevant for interdisciplinary environmental research. Students will also be introduced to an array of quantitative and qualitative research methods in the natural and social sciences and will explore methods relevant to their research through class discussions and assignments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'FINE', '001237', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 1', 'A seminar course in which the various issues, motives and concerns of contemporary art will be presented and discussed. In addition to lectures on contemporary art, visiting artists and critics will speak on various aspects of the field, and participate in group discussions. Students will carry out research on individual topics and will make an extended presentation of their findings towards the end of the term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FINE', '001238', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 2', 'A continuation of FINE 680. The research begun in FINE 680 will be continued in greater depth and consolidated in a major written paper. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680.', 'Prereq: FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'FINE', '001239', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 1', 'This course will meet coterminously with FINE 680 . Students at this level will help to organize parts of the course and will serve as commentators and respondents for the critiques and presentations of the students in FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680, 681.', 'Prereq: FINE 680 and 681. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'FINE', '001240', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 2', 'This course is a continuation of FINE 682. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 682.', 'FINE 682. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'FINE', '001241', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 1', 'This course consists of directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration, as indicated in their original statement of intention. Appropriate studio space will be provided for all students enroled in this course, and regular critiques and discussions will be scheduled by the First Year Graduate Committee. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'FINE', '001242', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 2', 'A continuation of FINE 690 ; directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 690.', 'Prereq: FINE 690. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'FINE', '001243', 'GRD', 'Graduate Summer Studio', 'Students will carry out independent studio work under the supervision of Fine Arts faculty members. During half of the term, students may serve as interns in the studios of professional artists, under the terms of the Keith and Win Shantz Summer Internship Program. Work done during this course will be exhibited early in the Fall term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'FR', '001253', 'GRD', 'Language', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'FR', '001254', 'GRD', 'Linguistics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'FR', '001261', 'GRD', 'Research or Professional Practicum in French', 'This graduate practicum in French offers advanced experiential learning in an area related to the student\u00bfs professional or research interest. A student wishing to pursue this possibility must submit to the Associate Chair, Graduate Studies, a proposal that outlines the plans for the practicum (e.g., the organizing unit, the on-site supervisor, the nature of the professional or research work, the relevance to the French graduate program) and the arrangements for evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'FR', '001278', 'GRD', '18th-Century Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'FR', '001301', 'GRD', 'French-Canadian Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FR', '001313', 'GRD', 'Critical Methods - Theory of Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'FR', '001326', 'GRD', 'Topics in North African Literature', 'In this course we will study literary texts of different genres and writers from the Maghreb region.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GEOG', '001344', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Spatial Data Handling', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis and overview of concepts and methodologies in\nseveral aspects of spatial data handling: cartography, geographic information systems, remote sensing,\nspatial statistics, including analysis of spatial data sets. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GEOG', '001345', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing of Cold Regions', 'This course focuses on the extraction of hydrologically-relevant parameters from remote sensing that are germane to cold regions such as snowfall, snow cover, glaciers & ice caps, lake and river ice, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground. The determination of hydrological parameters in the liquid and vapour phases such precipitiation, soild moisture, surface water, and evaporation/evapotranspiration from remote sensing, as well as the integration of remote sensing data into hydrological models are also covered. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: GEOG 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate Geography degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 602. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GEOG', '001346', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Science', 'This course will explore how remote sensing is used and in concert with empirical or physically-based models to help us better understand Earth system processes from the local to global scales. Students will learn how remote sensing measurements are coupled with radiative transfer models, energy and mass balance models and spatial analytical models from different components of the Earth system. Examples will be drawn from the hydrologic and carbon cycles from the human built enviornment. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: Geog 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 603. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'GEOG', '001347', 'GRD', 'Spatial Statistics', 'An overview of spatial statistics and their use in geographic studies. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 318', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'GEOG', '001348', 'GRD', 'Scientific Data Wrangling', 'This course covers the data science skills comprising data visualization, data wrangling (cleaning,\ncombining, modelling, etc.), and methodological and statistical design, which are an important part of\nthe scientific method. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'GEOG', '001349', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems', 'Introduces the fundamentals of GIS at a graduate level, including cartographic best practices, map projections and coordinate systems, georeferencing data, quantitative mapping, web mapping, and introductory spatial analysis, including clustering, network, and multicriteria analysis. Intended for students without significant experience in GIS. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 381, GEOG 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'GEOG', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'PLAN', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'GEOG', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'PLAN', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GEOG', '001364', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Human Geography', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis of the interdisciplinary scope of Human\nGeography by evaluating key concepts and theoretical approaches that have defined the evolution of\nthe sub-discipline in the contemporary period. Students will assess how their research interests will\ncontribute to ongoing conceptual developments in Human Geography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'GEOG', '001368', 'GRD', 'Human Activity and Travel Behaviour', 'An exploration of observed patterns of human activity and travel, underlying decision-making processes, data collection methodologies, and associated impacts on environment and health.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'GEOG', '001369', 'GRD', 'Qualitative Methods in Geography', 'This course is designed to investigate the range of qualitative research methods (research tools) employed by human geographers and explore the methodological justifications (philosophical or theoretical underpinnings) for using this type of research approach. Qualitative methods attempt to interpret meaning as opposed to purely measuring phenomena. The focus of qualitative research is not descriptive measurement and prediction of phenomena, as offered by statistical description/analysis, but is more attuned to examining subjective understandings and the interpretation of meaning (hermeneutics). This course will examine and evaluate the range of research tools comprising qualitative methods including: various interviewing methods, participant observation, ethnography, case study methods and dicourse analysis. It will also engage with the theoretical debates and philosophical approaches that underpin qualitative research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GEOG', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'INDEV', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GEOG', '001375', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Environmental Science', 'This seminar course examines basic concepts related to temporal and spatial scales together with\nvariability as they directly affect data collection and analysis. Leading-edge research related to\nEnvironmental Science will be critically discussed. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'GEOG', '001376', 'GRD', 'Micrometeorology', 'Advanced study of boundary-layer meteorology. Energy balance regimes for complex surfaces are examined. The theory of turbulent and radiant transfer is studied using field data collected during the course. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'GEOG', '001377', 'GRD', 'Dynamic Geomorphology', 'An overview of current issues and methodologies in geomorphology with special emphasis on processes operating in fluvial, glacial, periglacial or coastal environments. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'GEOG', '001378', 'GRD', 'Applied Geomorphology', 'An examination of the way in which human activities modify landscapes and the impacts of government policy and planning with respect to landscape change. The role of the geomorphologist in landscape rehabilitation. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'GEOG', '001379', 'GRD', 'Hydrology', 'Overview of hydrological processes with emphasis on Canadian examples related to the hydrologic cycle, surface hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and measurement techniques. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'GEOG', '001380', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Wetland Studies', 'Selected topics on the distribution, classification, functional dynamics, and ecosystem structure of wetlands. A scientific basis for wetlands management is emphasized. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'GEOG', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: GEOG 661A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'PLAN', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: PLAN 661A or consent of Instructor.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'GEOG', '001392', 'GRD', 'Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Sustainability', 'Readings, discussions and case study analysis draw attention to the intersection of political-economy and ecological analysis, and contested understandings of environmental change, livelihoods and sustainability. Topics may include communities and conservation, knowledge systems and power, ecological change, property rights and institutions, social movements, and methods. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'TOUR', '001400', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Perspectives on Tourism', 'This course will introduce participants to a variety of topics and research methods through presentations made by active researchers from Canada and abroad. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'GEOG', '001401', 'GRD', 'Human Ecology of Stressed Environments', 'An examination of socioeconomic-biophysical system interactions emphasizing multi- and transdisciplinary perspectives such as human ecology, health, ecosystems, and complexity. Students normally focus on one particular problem and region to illustrate concepts and methods. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'GEOG', '001402', 'GRD', 'International Perspectives on Resource and Environmental Management', 'An overview of issues, problems and concepts in international resource and environmental management. The complex nature of ecological/biophysical, economic, and sociocultural aspects of resource management will be explored, with particular emphasis placed on tracing challenges experienced in developing countries. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'GEOG', '001403', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Geography', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual basis with faculty members. An outline for this course, approved by the professor in charge, must be submitted to the Program Director, within three weeks of registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'GEOG', '001434', 'GRD', 'Geographic Thought and Methodology', 'An analysis of changing methods and philosophy of geographic research with emphasis on problem formulation and the design and evaluation of geographic research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('723', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'GER', '001496', 'GRD', 'Reading Courses in Approved Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'HIST', '001559', 'GRD', 'Canadian History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HIST', '001560', 'GRD', 'Canadian History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'HIST', '001561', 'GRD', 'Theory and Practice of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: Historical and Contemporary Issues', 'This seminar offers a comparative analysis of insurgency and counterinsurgency from the 19th century to the present. It examines resistance to foreign invaders in Europe, the century of rebellion in Mexico in 1810-1917, anti-colonial wars of national liberation, Marxist revolutionary movements in South-East Asia and Latin America, the upsurge of Islamic fundamentalism and urban guerrilla warfare. The course will focus on the sources of insurgencies, their nature and the support they drew from various social groups. In each case, the government''s response will also be investigated. We will analyse theories of guerrilla thinkers and pacification models and pay particular attention to the gap between intended and actual policies, and the plight of civilians caught in crossfire.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'HIST', '001568', 'GRD', 'Global Indigenous Rights', 'This course examines the historical and political contexts of Indigenous rights movements from around the world. It considers the histories of Indigenous-state relations and Indigenous assertions of rights and sovereignty through cultural, political, and legal means. We will discuss grassroots and global Indigenous rights movements and international efforts to address Indigenous aspirations and decolonization especially following WWII. Attention will be also paid to the formation of Indigenous organizations and the engagement of international forums (i.e., through the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'HIST', '001578', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'HIST', '001579', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'HIST', '001582', 'GRD', 'Modern European History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'HIST', '001583', 'GRD', 'Modern European History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'HIST', '001590', 'GRD', 'History of the United States I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'HIST', '001591', 'GRD', 'History of the United States II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'HIST', '001592', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'HIST', '001593', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'HIST', '001602', 'GRD', 'Historians and Public Policy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'HIST', '001604', 'GRD', 'Public History Interpretation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691A', 'HIST', '001615', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691B', 'HIST', '001616', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691C', 'HIST', '001617', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'HIST', '001627', 'GRD', 'Major Field Written Qualifying Examination', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'HIST', '001638', 'GRD', 'Canadian History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'HIST', '001639', 'GRD', 'British History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'HIST', '001640', 'GRD', 'Community Studies Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'HIST', '001641', 'GRD', 'Gender, Women and Family Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('768', 'HIST', '001642', 'GRD', 'United States Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'HIST', '001643', 'GRD', 'Science, Medicine and Technology Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'HIST', '001644', 'GRD', 'Minor Area of Concentration', 'This minor area is arranged between the student and a professor, and falls outside of those other minor areas enumerated in the calendar. The participants will provide the department and the Graduate Studies Office with a course name, which will appear on the student''s transcript, in order to more specifically identify the minor area', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HLTH', '001724', 'GRD', 'Lifespan Determinants of Health and Disease', 'The course will examine the determinants of health and disease from a multi-disciplinary lifespan perspective. An integrated approach will be taken to consider biological, behavioral, and social factors relevant to health and disease at different ages and to discuss issues of prevention within a broadly-based public health orientation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606A', 'HLTH', '001730', 'GRD', 'Epidemiological Methods', 'An investigation of the epidemiology of selected non-infectious diseases with emphasis on the identification of risk factors and on the methodology of epidemiological investigations.', 'Prereq: HSG 605B and 605C or HLTH 605B. Antireq: HLTH 606B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'HLTH', '001731', 'GRD', 'Program Development and Service Delivery for the Elderly', 'The various programs and services, particularly in the non-medical areas, will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on various programs which are available to the elderly residing in the community, such as home care and homemaking services, various outreach programs, including day hospitals, placement and coordination services, geriatric assessment services, vacation relief beds and foster home programs. The reasons for the changes which have taken place over time will also be investigated. In addition, the cost-effectiveness and methods how such cost-effectiveness can be evaluated will be outlined. As with HSG 703, students in this course will be expected to undertake some field work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'HLTH', '001743', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum', 'Fall/Winter/Spring. The supervised research practicum is intended to enhance basic or applied research skills as demonstrated through previous practica, research assistantships or other research experiences. The placement may involve a combination of research design or development, data collection (using quantitative or qualitative methods), analyses, interpretation and presentation. A contract stipulating practicum objectives, and work to be completed and evaluated to meet these objectives, must be jointly approved by the student, the student''s field supervisor, the student''s academic advisor (if applicable), and the course instructor. A written report by the student, together with a letter from the field supervisor, are used by the course instructor to evaluate student performance.', 'SPHS Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'KIN', '001745', 'GRD', 'Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Structure & Function', 'An analysis of the morphological, biophysical, molecular, and physiological properties of skeletal muscle. Topics range from the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, excitation-contraction processes, and cell signaling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'KIN', '001746', 'GRD', 'Respiratory and Cardiovascular Physiology', 'The physiology of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems in work and superimposed environmental stresses are examined. Topics include myocardial function, hemodynamics, microcirculation, diffusion, acid base balance, body fluid regulation and the nature of hormonal and neural control systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'KIN', '001748', 'GRD', 'Biomechanics of Human Motion', 'An assessment of research in the biomechanics of human motion including electromyography, muscle modelling, link segment modelling and analysis, energy and power analysis. The above concepts will be utilized in the assessment of athletes and both the normal and atypical population in sport and rehabilitation contexts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'KIN', '001749', 'GRD', 'Instrumentation and Signal Processing in Biophysical Research', 'Techniques in data acquisition, reduction, and signal processing commonly employed in biophysical research are discussed in class and used in laboratory sessions. Among other instruments, the student becomes familiar with the use of a variety of transducers and their systems characteristics, electromyographs, the process of analog to digital conversion, documentation of motion, stress and strain, and the quantification of medical image data. Signal to noise enhancement is emphasized through all aspects of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'KIN', '001750', 'GRD', 'Neural Control of Human Movement', 'An examination of current theories and evidence concerning the neural control of human movement. Topics may include: origin of kinesthesia, organization of spinal circuits and reflex actions regulating posture and movement, neural strategies for the control of upright stance and locomotion, functional organization of the motor cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia for the control of voluntary movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'KIN', '001751', 'GRD', 'Ergonomic Aspects of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries', 'This course examines the relationships between physical and organizational aspects of the work environment and occupational musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries. Emphasis will be placed on back and upper limb injuries. Major topics covered include injury mechanisms, assessment of injury risk, reporting of injury and use of injury statistics, work site interventions and evaluation of their effectiveness and relevant legislation (including Human Rights considerations). A laboratory project using the methodologies studied in the course is an important component of the course. A project within a local industry, instead of the laboratory project is preferred but optional.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'KIN', '001753', 'GRD', 'Social Neuroscience of Exercise and Eating', 'An examination of current social neuroscientific theories and research in relation to the cognitive aspects of exercise participation and the neurobiology of dietary choice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'KIN', '001760', 'GRD', 'Motor Learning', 'An examination of current theories models and experimental literature concerned with the learning and performance of skilled movement. Topics may include: models of motor learning, expert-novice differences in skill, the automatization of skill, mental practice, the relationship between cognitive and motor skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'KIN', '001761', 'GRD', 'Movement Control and Learning', 'This course deals with the learning and control of goal-directed eye, head, arm and hand movements. Topics include: Hick''s and Fitt''s Laws; goals, task plans and motor equivalence; the actor/environment interface; movement planning and organization; use of schemas, motor programs, feedforward and sensory feedback; motorsensory integration; and knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'KIN', '001769', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'KIN', '001790', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Neuroscience I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'KIN', '001800', 'GRD', 'Cardiorespiratory Integration', 'The control of cardiorespiratory responses to exercise will be examined by detailed consideration of afferent, central neural and effector mechanisms for regulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'KIN', '001802', 'GRD', 'Modelling of Human Musculoskeletal System during Movement', 'Modelling of the human musculoskeletal system during movement is explored using a number of techniques. Assumptions and difficulties in applying modelling techniques to the human body are stressed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'KIN', '001820', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', 'An analysis of specific topics of interest. The form of study may involve a review of literature or the planning and execution of an independent study resulting in a paper for possible publication.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECDEV', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GEOG', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'PLAN', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECDEV', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GEOG', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'PLAN', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ECDEV', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ERS', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'GEOG', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'PLAN', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECDEV', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'GEOG', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'ME', '001852', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Continua', 'Mathematical preliminaries; co-ordinate transformations, introduction to tensors, tensor fields and transformations, integral theorems, analysis of deformation; deformation tensors and rates of deformation tensors and their mechanical significance, convecting and rotating axes. Analysis of stress; definition of stresses and their physical significance, rates of stresses, objective stress rates. Constitutive equations for elasticity and plasticity (Prandtl-Reuss). Hardening laws and material rate sensitivity. Anisotrophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ME', '001855', 'GRD', 'Fracture Mechanics', 'Linear elastic, elastic-plastic and fully plastic approaches to the analysis of cracked components. Calculation and measurement of fracture mechanics parameters - Charpy, strain energy release rate, stress intensity factor, crack tip opening displacement and J-integral - will be covered, including correlations between the various parameters and limitations on their use. Applications will include the analysis of sub-critical crack growth (fatigue) and design procedures, especially the failure assessment diagram approach.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ME', '001858', 'GRD', 'Mechanical Metallurgy', 'Elastic, anelastic and plastic properties of single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates. Relationship between single crystal and polycrystalline deformation. Dislocation theory applied to deformation processes at high and low temperatures. Microscopic aspects of ductile and brittle fracture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'ME', '001859', 'GRD', 'Autonomous Mobile Robotics', 'This course presents the fundamentals of Autonomous Mobile Robotics, including both perception and planning for autonomous operation. Topics in Perception include sensor modeling, vehicle state estimation using Bayes Filters, Kalman Filters, and Particle Filters, and simultaneous localization and mapping. Topics in Planning include vehicle motion modeling and control, reactive, graph based and optimal motion planning. An emphasis on examples from recent research in the area pervades the course content. The course requires background knowledge in state space modeling, linear algebra, probability theory and optimization theory.', 'Antireq: ME 597 Topic 1', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ME', '001861', 'GRD', 'Metallurgy and Plasticity in Metalworking', 'The interaction of material properties and process variables in plastic deformation processes. Phenomena of hot, warm and cold working. Thermo-mechanical processing. Flow stress and workability. Effects of hydrostatic pressure. Analysis of stress and strain state in forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing and sheet metalworking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'ME', '001862', 'GRD', 'Surface Modelling in Machining', 'This course presents the principles behind the mathematical representation of surfaces in ways that are suitable for computers, together with the application of such representations to computer-controlled machining processes. The Bezier, B-spline and NURBS representations are all covered, as are important surface properties, like curvature, shortest-distance algorithms, ray-intersection, surface sub-division, knot insertion, and degree elevation. Machining aspects covered are three-, four- and five-axis methods, anti-gouging methods and anti-interference checking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('649', 'ME', '001863', 'GRD', 'Control of Machines and Processes', 'The concepts of computer-aided manufacturing, microcomputer systems and interfacing techniques for industrial applications. Conversion techniques, timing considerations, thermal and optical sensing, interpolation methods for control of drive systems and programmable controllers are representative of the topics presented. Hardware and software design of real time microcomputer systems which are then implemented in the laboratory constitute a major portion of the course requirements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ME', '001864', 'GRD', 'Heat Conduction', 'Steady and transient heat conduction in isotropic media. Review of fundamental principles of heat conduction and boundary conditions. Introduction to the concept of thermal resistance of systems and of thermal constriction resistance. Derivation of gradient, divergence, Laplacian, conduction equation, boundary conditions and thermal resistance in general orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates. Solutions of conduction equations in several co-ordinate systems. Introduction to finite difference and finite element formulations of the conduction equation in curvilinear co-ordinates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ME', '001865', 'GRD', 'Convective Heat Transfer', 'Derivation of the general energy equation. Parameters required for determination of heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flows. Fully numerical solutions, exact solutions, and approximate solutions for internal and external flows. Problems involving frictional heating, property variations and mass injection at the wall will be considered. If interest is indicated, special topics such as heat transfer by boiling, condensation and evaporation will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ME', '001866', 'GRD', 'Radiation Heat Transfer', 'Blackbody radiation; properties of surfaces; heat exchange between black, isothermal surfaces; heat exchange in an enclosure composed of diffuse-gray surfaces; radiation in the presence of other modes of heat transfer; radiation in absorbing-emitting media; heat exchange in enclosures containing absorbing-emitting gases; flames, luminous flames and particle radiation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ME', '001868', 'GRD', 'Advanced Fluid Mechanics', 'Cartesian tensor forms of basic equations; vorticity; Reynolds number effects; ideal, irrotational flow, some exact viscous solutions. Selection of topics from: boundary layer theory with heat and mass transfer; slow viscous flows and lubrication; hydrodynamic stability of laminar flows; special topics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'ME', '001869', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Flow', 'Stochastic concepts, averages, correlation coefficients, auto-correlation functions, spectra. Space and time scales of turbulent fluctuations, energy dissipation in turbulence. Correlation and spectral tensors in three dimensions, isotropic forms. Equations of motion, spectral equation for isotropic turbulence. Universal equilibrium theory, the Kolmogoroff spectrum. Turbulence transport modelling for engineering calculation of turbulent shear flows.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'ME', '001870', 'GRD', 'Atmospheric Dynamics', 'Hydrodynamic equations of motion on a rotating axis. Geostropic balance in the atmosphere and oceans, vertical variation of wind and pressure fields in the atmosphere, mechanisms of pressure change, vorticity equation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'ME', '001873', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Tribology', 'Various courses dealing with selected aspects of friction, lubrication and wear, including contact phenomena, lubricant behaviour under concentrated contact conditions, and lubrication in special environments. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'ME', '001874', 'GRD', 'Advanced Tribology', 'Mechanical engineering aspects of tribology are emphasized. Topics include the fundamentals of fluid film lubrication and contact mechanics. These fundamentals are applied to model friction, surface temperatures, boundary lubrication, mixed film lubrication, elastohydrodynamic lubrication and wear. Specific applications may be presented, if time permits. ME 423 is a recommended but not an essential prerequisite.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'ME', '001875', 'GRD', 'Control Engineering and Mechanical Systems', 'This course is aimed at applications of control to Mechanical Systems. Course contents: Review of Control; Poles and zeros, Transfer functions, Time Reponse, Actuators, Electrical Systems, PID Control, designing controllers with root locus, state space representations, phase planes, stability concepts, frequency Response. Applications to Mechanical systems: Robots, Hydraulic systems, Active Vibration Control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'ME', '001876', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Control Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'ME', '001877', 'GRD', 'Non-Linear Vibrations', 'Review of linear systems; free and forced vibrations; conservation systems; general autonomous systems; equilibrium and periodic solutions, linearization and Lyapunov stability criteria; Poincare-Bendixon theorem; quantitative analysis of weakly nonlinear systems in free and forced vibrations using perturbation methods; bifurcations and chaos in dynamical systems. This course will use computer programs (such as MAPLE and MATLAB) for simulation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('722', 'ME', '001879', 'GRD', 'Topics in Pressure Vessel Design', 'Design and analysis of pressure vessels, safety considerations and interpretation of pressure vessel codes. Fatigue and fracture modes of failure. Intersecting vessels and connections. Computer techniques of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'ME', '001883', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Advanced Stress Analysis', 'Various courses dealing with advanced topics in stress analysis such as finite element and other computational techniques, variational approaches, continuum mechanics, plasticity, contact and dynamic stresses. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ME', '001888', 'GRD', 'Corrosion and Oxidation', 'Electrochemical reactions and equilibria in ionic systems. Electrode kinetics and rates of corrosion. Modes of corrosive attack including stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement. Corrosion prevention through materials selection, design, cathodic and anodic protection and coatings. Mechanisms and kinetics of high temperature oxidation. Selection of high temperature materials for maximum service lives. Discussion of technologically important material-environment combinations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('734', 'ME', '001889', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Composite Materials', 'Mechanics of advanced fiber-reinforced composite materials, including continuous fiber, discontinuous fiber, and laminates. Review of reinforcing fiber and matrix properties, and mechanics of anisotropic material. Micromechanics concepts will be covered for material property and strength evaluation of lamina. Governing equations for classical lamination theory will be derived and applied, and extended for analysis of laminated plates. Includes advanced topics such as progressive failure, damage mechanics, fracture and energy absorbing characteristics, as well as fatigue of laminated structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'ME', '001890', 'GRD', 'Special Topics - Welding and Joining', 'Discussion of selected current topics in materials science and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'ME', '001891', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanical Metallurgy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'ME', '001892', 'GRD', 'Microstructural Engineering Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ME', '001893', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Materials', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'ME', '001894', 'GRD', 'Manufacturing Processes Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'ME', '001895', 'GRD', 'Modelling and Control of Dynamic Systems', 'Review of classical system modelling. Introducing bondgraphs as a unified approach in modelling of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid dynamic systems. Application of bondgraphs to multibody dynamics. State space representation and response of linear systems. Review of classical linear control theory. Introduction to modern control theory and study system characteristics: controllability, observability and stability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'ME', '001896', 'GRD', 'Modal Analysis and Modelling', 'Computer-aided engineering complements CAD/CAM by helping the engineer design not only individual components, but also design and analyse total systems. This course deals with the area of advanced vibration analysis and modelling using a combination of data acquisition and software analysis methods. This modal analysis approach to design uses several software packages. Topics discussed are the theory of modal analysis, parameter estimation and error assessment, computer modelling of structures, practical aspects of good data collection and manipulation. The course involves significant laboratory usage.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'ME', '001898', 'GRD', 'Quality Assurance and Reliability in Manufacturing', 'Building quality in manufacturing processes and products through statistical design of experiments. Reliability engineering and the association with quality. Reliability models of systems. Maintainability, and fault free analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'ME', '001901', 'GRD', 'Topics in Manufacturing', 'Various courses dealing with recent advances in manufacturing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('748', 'ME', '001902', 'GRD', 'Topics in Surface Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'ME', '001903', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Machining', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ME', '001904', 'GRD', 'Solar Energy', 'Terrestrial and extra-terrestrial solar radiation; radiative and optical properties of materials; basic and advanced flat plate solar thermal converters, focussing converters, solar-electric converters, solar photovoltaic cells, thermal storage; applications to building heating and cooling systems, industrial heat and central electric plants. (Also offered Online)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'ME', '001906', 'GRD', 'Advanced Differential Equations and Special Functions', 'General linear second order ordinary differential equations. Hypergeometric functions, confluent hypergeometric functions. Legendre and Bessel functions. Orthogonality, generating functions, asymptotic expansions, integral relations. Hermite, Legendre, Laquerre and other orthogonal polynomials. Advanced Fourier series; Laplace, Fourier and other integral transforms. Problems from several areas of engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('758', 'ME', '001907', 'GRD', 'Thermal Contact Resistance', 'Theory and application of thermal contact resistance. Parameters influencing contact resistance. Metrology of machined surfaces and their geometric interaction. Mechanical interaction of machined surfaces. Review of elasticity and plasticity theories. Discussion of modified Hertzian theory, including the effect of surface roughness. Thermal constriction resistance theories of circular, rectangular, elliptic, linear strip and annular strip contact areas. Theory of heat flux tubes. Superposition of microscopic and macroscopic resistance. Contacts in vacuum. Effect of interstitial fluids. Effect of metallic and non-metallic substances. Application of theory to industrial problems and well-defined systems such as bearings and powder substances.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'ME', '001908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Experimental Methods in Thermal and Fluids Engineering', 'Design of experiments, error analysis, thermometry, flow visualization, anemometry, barometry, gas chromatography, radiation spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, photography and thermal radiation flux measurement. Application of these methods to measurements in reacting and non-reacting fluids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ME', '001909', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Thermal Engineering', '', 'Antireq: ME 571', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ME', '001910', 'GRD', 'Fluid Dynamic Design of Turbomachines', 'Basic equations in stationary and rotating coordinate systems, forms suitable for axial flow and centrifugal flow machinery. Analysis and experimental characteristics of two-dimensional cascades, analysis of circular cascades. Effects of turbulence. Axisymmetric and general three-dimensional flows in diffusers, inlets, volutes and blade passages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ME', '001911', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Diffusion in the Natural Environment', 'Statistical quantities of interest in turbulent diffusion; Eulerian and Lagrangian probability distributions, averages, correlations, spectra. Specific prediction models for atmospheric and oceanic mixing processes, diffusion in a homogeneous field in a boundary layer. Effects of density stratification, buoyant movements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ME', '001912', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Numerical Methods, Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer', 'Various courses dealing with numerical methods of predicting the fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical reaction in engineering equipment, in the human body, and in the environment. The methods usually involve the solution of partial differential equations of the parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic type.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'ME', '001915', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Mechatronics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'MSCI', '001925', 'GRD', 'Research Methods in the Management Sciences', 'This course focuses on methods used in empirical research in the management sciences. It encompasses: stages in the research process, theory building, problem definition, research strategies and designs, measurement issues, sampling, ethical concerns, data analysis, and the communication of research results. These issues will be examined in published research and student proposals. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'MSCI', '001926', 'GRD', 'Strategic Management of Technological Innovation', 'This course includes: integrating technology and business strategy; design and evolution of technology strategy; development of the firm''s innovative capabilities; creating and implementing systems for innovation; innovation challenges in established firms. In addition to a textbook, cases are used to add realism and context to this course. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'MSCI', '001927', 'GRD', 'Principles of Operations Research', 'This course surveys a spectrum of models and techniques in Operations Research, with emphasis on applications. It focuses on the development of modeling skills, the interpretation of results, sensitivity analysis and computer implementations of decision support systems. Topics include linear, integer and network optimization models. Simulation analysis and other topics in stochastic processes may also be covered. The use of quantitative models in different levels of the decision making hierarchy are illustrated through case studies and readings from the Management Sciences literature. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Antireq:MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'MSCI', '001929', 'GRD', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'MSCI', '001934', 'GRD', 'Organizations & Technical Systems', 'This research seminar concentrates on a macro view of organizations as dynamic systems. It emphasizes the principles of effective management of organizations and technology. Further, the course examines the conceptual foundations of organizational theory and design. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 605', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'MSCI', '001936', 'GRD', 'Human Computer Interaction', 'This course concentrates on the theoretical and practical issues related to the design of the human-computer interfaces. Aspects of human perception, cognition and various models of task analysis are discussed. Further, the course examines the principles of interface design and the related empirical evidence. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students', 'Prereq: MSCI 605. Antireq MSCI 730,CS 649', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'MSCI', '001937', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Models in Operations Research', 'The goal of this course is to enable students to think probabilistically. The modelling and analysis of uncertain systems in operations research is emphasized. Tools include renewal theory, Markov processes and queuing analysis, while application areas include production and inventory control, health-management, transportation, and other problems in probabilistic operations research. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'MSCI', '001938', 'GRD', 'Discrete Event Simulation', 'This course provides an introduction to Discrete Event Simulation. Topics covered include applications of discrete event simulation, simulation languages, data collection and input analysis, random number generation, validation, output analysis for a single system, comparison of several systems, variance reduction techniques and experimental design. Through a project, students will acquire the skills necessary to define a problem, develop and validate a conceptual and computer model, analyse the problem, and make recommendations. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'MSCI', '001939', 'GRD', 'Production and Inventory Management', 'The course emphasizes inventory control models with deterministic and stochastic demand, and supply chain management. Other areas which might be addressed are aggregate planning, machine scheduling, material requirements planning, and multi-echelon production and distribution systems. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'MSCI', '001950', 'GRD', 'Database Management Systems', 'The course is concerned with the design, management and use of databases. The course combines theoretical foundations of database organization and database design methodologies with the practical aspects of developing, implementing and managing databases. Some topics include: relational database design, entity modelling, SQL, and comparison of different types of databases.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'MSCI', '001957', 'GRD', 'Linear Programming and Extensions', 'Introduction to selected applications of LP. The simplex method. Duality and sensitivity analysis. Computer solutions to LP. Network flow problems with applications and algorithms. Special topics such as revised simplex method, primal-dual method, decomposition principle, generalized upperbounding and ellipsoid methods. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'MSCI', '001958', 'GRD', 'Applied Optimization', 'The course focuses on the modeling and solution of practical optimization problems. It covers formulations based on integer and nonlinear optimization, solution approaches based on large-scale optimization, and algorithmic design and implementation. Topics include set covering formulations, Lagrangean relaxation, Benders decomposition, column generation, branch-and-price, nonlinear programming, and metaheuristics. Possible applications areas include bin packing, routing, scheduling, and logistics planning. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'MSCI', '001960', 'GRD', 'Logistics and Supply Chain Management', 'Modern supply chain management encompasses the logistics of inventory and transportation flows, whether within a given organization or between that firm and other companies (suppliers, customers) that are part of its business. This course thus deal with models and analyses of the inbound transportation of raw materials, manufactured components and sub-assemblies. Another emphasis is the (outbound) physical distribution of finished goods from factory to consumer: freight transportation (various modes, customer service, multi-location inventory management and distribution-centre site selection. Specialized topics (for term projects) may be chosen from among Logistics Information Systems; Global Supply Chain Management; Vehicle Routing; or the Logistics of e-Commerce. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'MSCI', '001963', 'GRD', 'Decision Analysis Under Uncertainty', 'The course goal is to understand, model and improve decision making under uncertainty and complexity. Bayesian principles and expected utility theory are combined, their underlying assumptions critically reviewed, and alternative theories surveyed. Other issues addressed include decision with multiple attributes. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'MSCI', '001969', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Data Analytics', 'The objective of this course is to develop skills with a range of procedures and programs for multivariate data analysis. The focus will be on practical issues such as selecting the appropriate analysis, preparing data for analysis, menu-driven and syntax programming, interpreting output, and presenting results of a complex nature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'MSCI', '001970', 'GRD', 'Operations Analytics', 'This course covers predictive analytics that provides techniques to model the relationships between inputs and outcomes, and construct predictions about future outcomes, and prescriptive analytics that provides tools to optimize actions against a complex set of objectives to find best practices and design best policies under all circumstances. The theoretical techniques will be applied to such chains, service industries, healthcare systems, revenue management, inventory management, and sports.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'MSCI', '001986', 'GRD', 'Economics of Technological Change', 'This is an applied course in industrial organization economics. It deals with productivity, the relationship between productivity and technological change, the determinants to firms'' investments in research, development and innovation, the diffusion of innovations, entrepreneurship, and technology policy. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 607', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'MSCI', '001991', 'GRD', 'Topics in Organizational Analysis and Behaviour', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'MSCI', '001995', 'GRD', 'Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship: Managing New Technology-based Firms', 'An overview of the process of initiating startups, spin-outs or new ventures within an existing company. Ventures based on new technologies are a focus. Topics include extrpreneurship and organizational culture, opportunity identification and assessment, business plans and new venture diagnostics, protecting intellectual property, finance, marketing and the entrpreneurial team.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'MSCI', '001999', 'GRD', 'Topics in Other Areas of Management Sciences', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'MSCI', '002006', 'GRD', 'Special Directed Readings', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'OPTOM', '002036', 'GRD', 'Radiation and the Visual Stimulus', 'Measurement and specification of light; radiometric and photometric relationships; spectrophotometry and the C.I.E. colorimetric specification of visual stimuli; radiation limits of the visual system. Radiation hazards and safety criteria.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'OPTOM', '002037', 'GRD', 'Neurophysiology of Vision', 'An advanced course which examines photoreceptor function, the retina, the neural processing of form and colour by the geniculo-striate system, the neural control of eye movements and accommodation by midbrain and brainstem structures, the vestibular system as it relates to vision, eye-hand co-ordination, the neural processing involved in reading.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'OPTOM', '002038', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangements with the faculty member, the student and his or her committee.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614A', 'OPTOM', '002068', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 1-MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614B', 'OPTOM', '002069', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 2 - MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'OPTOM', '002072', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangement with the faculty member and the student''s committee. The course is designed for PhD students only. The course cannot be similar in content to 608 taken at the Master''s level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'PHIL', '002148', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in Applied Philosophy.These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 673, Graduate Courses in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 675 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems. These courses are often held in conjunction with 400 level philosophy courses, through of course the work requirements for graduate students are more stringent. Students must pay attention to the restriction on the number of these courses they are allowed to count toward their degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'PHIL', '002157', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in the department''s field of research concentration. These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 674, Graduate Course in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 676 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('699', 'PHIL', '002190', 'GRD', 'Applied Research Placement Tutorial', 'Students in the Applied Philosophy program enroll in this tutorial in conjunction with a placement at a host organization. The Applied Research Placement will prepare the student to make a research contribution on a specific philosophical topic and to make an applied contribution outside of philosophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'PHYS', '002192', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 1', 'Review of formalism of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics including symmetries and invariance. Approximation methods and scattering theory. Elementary quantum theory of radiation. Introduction to one-particle relativistic wave equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'PHYS', '002193', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 2', 'Concepts of relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary quantum field theory, and Feynman diagrams. Application to many particle systems. Students who have not taken PHYS 701 but have an equivalent background in Quantum Mechanics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'PHYS', '002195', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 1', 'Statistical basis of thermodynamics; microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles; quantum statistical mechanics, theory of the density matrix; fluctuations, noise, irreversible thermodynamics; transport theory; application to gases, liquids, solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'PHYS', '002196', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 2', 'Phase transitions. Fluctuation phenomena. Kubo''s theory of time correlation functions for transport and spectral properties; applications selected from a variety of topics including linearized hydrodynamics of normal and superfluids, molecular liquids, liquid crystals, surface phenomena, theory of the dielectric constant, etc. Students who have not taken PHYS 704 but have an equivalent background in Statistical Physics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 704 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'PHYS', '002197', 'GRD', 'Electromagnetic Theory', 'Maxwell''s equations and conservation laws; accelerated point charges and electromagnetic radiation; multipole expansions; electromagnetism and special relativity; selected applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PHYS', '002198', 'GRD', 'Applications of Group Theory', 'Introduction to group theory; symmetry, the group concept, representation theory, character theory. Applications to molecular vibrations, the solid state, quantum mechanics and crystal field theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'PHYS', '002199', 'GRD', 'Green''s Function Method', 'Review of essential quantum field theory. Zero and finite temperature Green''s functions. Applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PHYS', '002200', 'GRD', 'Atomic Physics', 'Emphasis on atomic structure and spectroscopy. Review of angular momentum, rotations, Wigner-Eckart theorem, n-j symbols. Energy levels in complex atoms, Hartree-Fock theory, radiative transitions and inner shell processes. Further topics selected with class interest in mind, at least one of which to be taken from current literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'PHYS', '002202', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'PHYS', '002203', 'GRD', 'Molecular Physics', 'Angular momentum and the rotation of molecules; introduction to group theory with application to molecular vibrations; principles of molecular spectroscopy; spectra of isolated molecules; intermolecular interactions and their effects on molecular spectra; selected additional topics (e.g., electronic structure of molecules, experimental spectroscopic techniques, neutron scattering, correlation functions, collision induced absorption, extension of group theory to molecular crystals, normal coordinate analysis, etc.).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'PHYS', '002204', 'GRD', 'Intermediate and High Energy Physics', 'Strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. Isospin, strangeness, conservation laws and symmetry principles. Leptons, hadrons, quarks and their classification, formation, interactions and decay.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PHYS', '002206', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 1', 'Phonons, electron states, electron-electron interaction, electron-ion interaction, static properties of solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('732', 'PHYS', '002207', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 2', 'Transport properties; optical properties; magnetism; superconductivity; disordered systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('733', 'PHYS', '002208', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'PHYS', '002215', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'PHYS', '002218', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'PHYS', '002219', 'GRD', 'Clinical Applications of Physics in Medicine', 'This course provides an overview of the application of physics to medicine. The physical concepts underlying the diagnosis and treatment of disease will be explored. Topics will include general imaging principles such as resolution, intensity and contrast; x-ray imaging and computed tomography; radioisotopes and nuclear medicine, SPECT and PET; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasound imaging and radiation therapy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'PHYS', '002220', 'GRD', 'Molecular Biophysics', 'Physical methods of determining macromolecular structure: energetics, intramolecular and intermolecular forces, with applications to lamellar structures, information storage, DNA and RNA, recognition and rejection of foreign molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('754', 'PHYS', '002222', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('757', 'PHYS', '002224', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'PHYS', '002227', 'GRD', 'Special Lecture and Reading Course', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PHYS', '002228', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PHYS', '002230', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Astrophysics', 'Multi-wavelength astronomy: radio, infrared, optical and x-ray observations. Radiative Processes: macroscopic description, thermal and non-thermal emission, scattering, line transitions and plasma effects. Gravitational Dynamics: potential and orbits, self-gravitating systems, the Collisionless Boltzmann Equation, gravitational encounters. Fluid Mechanics: simple fluids, soundwaves and shocks, instabilities and transport mechanisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'PHYS', '002232', 'GRD', 'Cosmology', 'Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric and dynamics; big bang thermodynamics; nucleosynthesis; recombination; perturbation theory and structure formation; anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background; statistics of cosmological density and velocity fields; galaxy formation; inflation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'PHYS', '002233', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'PHYS', '002234', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'PLAN', '002238', 'GRD', 'Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include: tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices.', 'Antireq: PLAN 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'PLAN', '002242', 'GRD', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine the redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a fee component. (Field trip will not exceed $60.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'PLAN', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'GEOG', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECDEV', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PLAN', '002247', 'GRD', 'Social Concepts in Planning', 'An advanced examination of planners in their environment considering the relationship between social and land use planning. The course will examine a set of social concepts which may include: safety, gentrification, neighbourhood revitalization, social mix, community, displacement, participation, social capital, social sustainability, accessibility, public space, urban sprawl and social cohesion.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PLAN', '002249', 'GRD', 'Methods of Social Investigation for Planners', 'Selected research approaches and methods used in planning research and practice including, for example, survey research, field research, participatory research; methods using existing data; needs assessment research. The purposes of social inquiry, the development of theories, the use of research in policy-making, and the ethical issues associated with social research provide the context for discussing the details of research methods. A course for those with some research skills and wishing to pursue planning-related methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PLAN', '002251', 'GRD', 'Planning Law', 'A seminar in Planning Law using the case study approach. Although the emphasis is primarily on the law in Ontario, reference is made to planning law in other provinces for purposes of comparison. Planning issues dealt with by the Ontario Municipal Board are used to illustrate the power to regulate the use of land, the law relating to citizen participation, problems of non-conforming uses, and the maintenance of environmental quality in neighbourhoods and communities. Some general familiarity with law is desirable, but not essential. Estimated additional cost to student: $40.00', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'PLAN', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'GEOG', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PLAN', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'GEOG', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'PLAN', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'GEOG', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'PLAN', '002307', 'GRD', 'Planning Paradigms and Theory', 'Historical background and development of planning including cultural, philosophical and disciplinary roots; planning theory and its applications in urban, regional, service and environmental areas.', 'Prereq: Planning Graduate Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PLAN', '002308', 'GRD', 'Research Design', 'The major philosophical and methodological approaches to research in a professional field of practice and related academic fields.', 'Planning Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PLAN', '002317', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Planning Scholarship', 'Introductory examination of Planning as a discipline, scholarly endeavor and professional field. Students will learn about and evaluate the evolution of planning scholarship, planning practice and their integration in diverse contexts. Professional development topics will include journal writing and review, grant applications, consulting, professional writing, professional ethics, and knowledge mobilization.', 'Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('802', 'PLAN', '002320', 'GRD', 'Advanced Planning Theory', 'An advanced examination of planning theory. This course offers students an in-depth look at canonical works and recent developments in planning theory and their connections to practice. Students will also consider the influence of various strands of social theory and philosophy of science on planning thought. Underlying epistemologies and ontologies will be discussed.', 'Prereq: PLAN 801 and Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PMATH', '002339', 'GRD', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed; making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Antireq: PMATH 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'PMATH', '002341', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Antireq: PMATH 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'PMATH', '002346', 'GRD', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, LP spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Antireq: PMATH 451', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PMATH', '002347', 'GRD', 'Topics in Complex Analysis', 'The Riemann mapping theorem and several topics such as analytic continuation, harmonic functions, elliptic functions, entire functions, univalent functions, special functions. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the department.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352 or consent of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PMATH', '002349', 'GRD', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Antireq: PMATH 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'PMATH', '002350', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Antireq: PMATH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'PMATH', '002351', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'Reading Course', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'PMATH', '002391', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Lie Groups and Lie Algebras', 'An introduction to matrix Lie groups and their associated Lie algebras: geometry of matrix Lie groups; relations between a matrix Lie group and its Lie algebra; representation theory of matrix Lie groups.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'PMATH', '002392', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Algebraic Geometry', 'An introduction to algebraic geometry through the theory of algebraic curves. General algebraic geometry: affine and projective algebraic sets, Hilbert''s Nullstellensatz, co-ordinate rings, polynomial maps, rational functions and local rings. Algebraic curves: affine and projective plane curves, tangency and multiplicity, intersection numbers, Bezout''s theorem and divisor class groups.', 'Antireq: PMATH 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSCI', '002420', 'GRD', 'Political Theory 1', 'Problems in classical and contemporary political theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PSCI', '002422', 'GRD', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'An examination of the justification and limitations of democratic government, as well as more practical applications of democratic theory to the workplace, judicial review, legal obligations, etc. The focus will be on problems of democratic theory and practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'PSCI', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PACS', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PSCI', '002424', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Political Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630A', 'PSCI', '002428', 'GRD', 'Public Administration and Policy 1', 'An in-depth analysis of selected theories of public administration and public policy (e.g.) organization, behaviour, motivation, responsibility, policy making and implementation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'PSCI', '002430', 'GRD', 'The State and Economic Life', 'An analytical and comparative study of the growth of government intervention in the economic process, and of the development of the welfare state in selected western liberal-democratic societies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSCI', '002431', 'GRD', 'The Politics of Canadian Resource Development', 'An examination of various public policies designed to promote the exploitation and export of Canada''s natural resources with an emphasis on the economic, political, social and environmental implications of these developmental strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PSCI', '002432', 'GRD', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'In this course, we examine some of the conceptual frameworks that have been used by policy analysts in the past, in order to assess the possibilities as well as the limitations of such frameworks. We then develop our own approaches to examining some recent policy developments in Canada, using the insights of the authors we have examined. We will examine federal economic policy, provincial health policy, and municipal zoning policies, in order to assess (among other factors) the relative significance of policy focus, the situation of the policy-makers in the political system and ideological preferences.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PSCI', '002433', 'GRD', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'A comparative survey of public administration in both developed and developing areas. The focus is on the rise of the administrative state in a variety of cultural and political contexts, and on the study of general concepts which can then be applied in a variety of settings. Among the topics to be discussed are: comparison in the study of public administration; bureaucracy as a focus for comparison; the concept of the administrative state; the evolution of national administrative systems; the politics-administration interface and the senior civil service; bureaucracy and democracy; representative bureaucracy; bureaucratic ethics and morality; and the ombudsman and government secrecy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'PSCI', '002434', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Public Policy and Administration', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSCI', '002440', 'GRD', 'Approaches to the Study of Comparative Politics', 'This course focuses on some of the methodological and theoretical problems involved in the conduct of comparative political inquiry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PSCI', '002442', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Third World Politics and Development II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'PSCI', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PACS', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'PSCI', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'GGOV', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'PSCI', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GGOV', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PACS', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PSCI', '002450', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Institutions', 'This course examines the structure and operation of central institutions in government, including dominant theories and approaches to their study. Topics may include the constitution, Parliament, the executive, courts, federalism and intergovernmental relations, political parties, provincial and municipal governance, and the bureaucracy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'PSCI', '002451', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Process', 'This course examines the political process and societal cleavages in Canada, with a focus on new directions and debates in research. Topics may include elections and voting behaviour, social policy, gender, regionalism and nationalism, Indigenous politics, political culture, interest groups and social movements, and rights.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'PSCI', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GGOV', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'PSCI', '002455', 'GRD', 'Women and Public Policy', 'Public policy in a variety of areas significant for women (including sport, employment equity, violence) sometimes fails to take into account women''s experiences and needs. In this course, we will review policy developments, and reflect on the significance of feminist perspectives for policy analysis. The course will focus on Canadian examples, with comparative material included where useful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'PSCI', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'GGOV', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PACS', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'PSCI', '002464', 'GRD', 'Topics in International Political Economy', 'Contemporary perspectives and issues in international political economy, with particular attention to advanced industrial countries. Topics include political/economic cooperation, the politics of trade, and the politics of adjustment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'PSCI', '002465', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in International Politics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'PSCI', '002467', 'GRD', 'Explaining Interstate War', 'An examination of explanation of interstate war found in classic texts and current empirical studies. (Heldwith PSCI 481).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'PSCI', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'GGOV', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', 'Prereq: Global Governance Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PACS', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSYCH', '002517', 'GRD', 'Advanced Clinical Research', 'Clinical students in all of the first four years of the graduate program are expected to enroll in this clinical research topics seminar that will meet weekly and continue throughout the fall and winter terms to discuss new and ongoing clinical research topics conducted by the students and faculty in the program. Topics will include research into personality study, psychopathology, various assessment and therapeutic efforts in clinical psychology. Special emphasis will be placed on research design and statistical analysis applicable to lab and clinical settings.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSYCH', '002539', 'GRD', 'Multiple Regression', 'Basic principles used in the design of experiments and the analysis of experimental data, with emphasis on multiple regression and complex analysis of variance techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSYCH', '002572', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Cognition and Perception', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677A', 'PSYCH', '002626', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience', 'This survey course will be team-taught by members of the Cognitive Neuroscience Area and faculty from other departments within Neuroscience research programs, and will serve to introduce students to major subareas of ongoing cognitive neuroscience research at Waterloo. Topics can include (but are not restricted to) the neuroscience of vision, attention, memory, spatial navigation, face perception, somatosensory processing, locomotion, and multisensory integration. Students will also be exposed to the broad range of neuroscience methods ranging from cellular and psychological studies to behavioural and functional neuroimaging methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('679A', 'PSYCH', '002630', 'GRD', 'Clincial Neuropsych Practicum', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704A', 'PSYCH', '002719', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704B', 'PSYCH', '002720', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PSYCH', '002724', 'GRD', 'Reasoning about Ownership of Property', 'Ownership of property is an important determinant of human behaviour. It is especially important in development because most of young children''s social conflicts concern the possession and use of objects and these conflicts often involve reasoning about ownership. This class will examine the development of reasoning about ownership. Although the main approach will be developmental, a multidisciplinary approach will be taken. Readings will include papers from other areas of psychology and from philosophy, anthropology, law, and ethology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PSYCH', '002749', 'GRD', 'Emotion-Focused Therapy', 'The purpose of this course is to provide students with grounding in the theory and skills required to work effectively with emotions in psychotherapy. The course will begin with an overview of the role of emotions in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. Three major principles\nof change in EFT: Awareness, regulation, and restructuring of emotion will be examined and the principles of EFT to conceptualize and treat distress at the level of the individual, the dyad, and the family will be applied. Only students in the Clinical Psychology program are permitted to take this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'PSYCH', '002754', 'GRD', 'Cognition and Perception Seminar', 'This is a weekly seminar including both student and faculty presentations of current research and student proposals for MA or PhD work. The format of the seminars may vary from term to term depending on the availability of invited speakers, topics of interest to students and faculty, and the research of members of the group.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'PSYCH', '002758', 'GRD', 'Basic Issues in Cognition', 'A seminar in which major methods and theoretical arguments in contemporary cognitive psychology will be examined through the reading and evaluation of significant papers of the past several decades.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'PSYCH', '002760', 'GRD', 'Auditory Processes and Speech Perception', 'A seminar dealing with primary auditory processes and the basics of speech perception. Topics may include cochlear mechanisms, loudness, pitch, auditory localization, central auditory mechanisms, the motor theory of speech, contemporary speech theory, and artificial speech.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PSYCH', '002761', 'GRD', 'Psychophysics and Measurement', 'A seminar covering classical psychophysics and more recent psychophysical scaling techniques. Topics include theory and methods of classical psychophysics (Weber, Fechner), direct and indirect scaling, multidimensional scaling, and signal detection theory. Contextual effects and sequential effects may be included.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'PSYCH', '002763', 'GRD', 'Consciousness and Cognition', 'Investigation of the methods and theories concerning the distinction between conscious and unconscious representation of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'PSYCH', '002764', 'GRD', 'Problem Solving, Judgment and Decision-Making', 'A seminar on the cognitive processes involved in problem solving, judgment and decision making. Representative topics include reasoning, traditional and artificial intelligence approaches to problem solving, heuristics and biases in judgment, and theories of choice behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('777', 'PSYCH', '002765', 'GRD', 'Human Memory', 'A seminar considering various aspects of human memory. Topics may include long-term and short-term memory, memory codes, storage and retrieval processes, and theories of forgetting.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'PSYCH', '002766', 'GRD', 'Attention', 'A seminar dealing with aspects of attention in humans. The processes involved in selective attention and the various theories of attention will be considered. Additional topics may include a consideration of preattentive processes and the analysis of nonattended sensory input.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'PSYCH', '002767', 'GRD', 'Language and Reading', 'A seminar considering various aspects of psycholinguistics and reading. Possible topics include single-word identification, theories of reading, and various aspects of contemporary psycholinguistic theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779A', 'PSYCH', '002768', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuropsychology I', 'A seminar dealing with current research in human neuropsychology. Topics will include object agnosia, coloragnosia, prosopagnosia, and anosognosia, as well as other consequences of brain damage on human cognitive functions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PSYCH', '002770', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory', 'Memory is intimately involved in most, if not all, domains of human cognition, from the ability to temporarily remember a phone number to the acquisition of language, to defining who we are. This course will consider the cognitive and neural organization of memory, the basis of remembering and forgetting, and the nature of false memories, with an emphasis on the consequences of brain changes associated with normal and pathological aging. Throughout, cognitive theory and behavioural evidence will be integrated with data from neuropsychology and functional brain imaging.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('783', 'PSYCH', '002772', 'GRD', 'Neuroimaging of Cognition', 'Students will learn fundamental aspects of various neuroimaging techniques as they relate to broad areas of cognition including vision, attention, language, memory and executive control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('800', 'PSYCH', '002774', 'GRD', 'Psychometric Theory & Structural Equation Modeling', 'The first part of the course introduces classical test theory and test construction principles, and addresses issues in interpreting test scores. The second part covers exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The last part of the course examines important measurement issues that arise in the analysis of experimental and nonexperimental data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PSYCH', '002775', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Equation Modeling', 'This course addresses contemporary advances in the areas of psychometric theory and structural equation modeling. Included are topics such as item response theory, nonlinear factor analysis, latent curve models and other longitudinal models, and models for analyzing dyadic data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('836A', 'PSYCH', '002790', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum in Applied Psychology', 'Part-time supervised field work training in an applied setting. For on-campus students only. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('883', 'PSYCH', '002872', 'GRD', 'Organizational and Management Development', 'An introduction to the theories and techniques for improving organizational effectiveness. This course is open to students, with instructor consent, who have sufficient background in human resource management or organizational behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('886', 'PSYCH', '002890', 'GRD', 'Psychology of Training', 'Examines major topics and issues regarding the psychology of training in work organizations. Areas typically covered include task analysis, training objectives, curriculum development, instructional techniques, and training evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'REC', '002892', 'GRD', 'Integrative Seminar in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'An examination and discussion of the definitions, concepts and theories used in recreation and leisure studies. The seminar seeks to identify and discuss current theories, methods, and issues, and to examine the concepts of professionalism and scientific inquiry as they apply to the field of recreation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('609', 'REC', '002898', 'GRD', 'Internship in Recreation Service', 'A structured experience in a specified community agency to provide the student with the opportunity to relate theory and practice. A minimum of 50 hours per term will be required. Approval of Faculty Supervisor and Field Supervisor; Faculty Supervisor to assign grade via final written report, in consultation with Field Supervisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', 'Prereq: REC 662 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'REC', '002908', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual or small group basis with members of the faculty.', 'REC Grad students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'REC', '002969', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Knowledge in Leisure Studies', 'An examination of the different paradigmatic perspective that influence the multidisciplinary field of Leisure Studies. The interrelationships among paradigms, theories, epistemologies, and methodologies are explored, with particular attention to their application to current research in the field. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'RUSS', '002998', 'GRD', 'Approaches to Language Didactics', 'Students become familiar with the theorectical foundations of language teaching methodologies and develop a deeper understanding of their own work as language instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'SOC', '003036', 'GRD', 'Sociological Theory', 'A critical overview of selected original writings of major sociological theorists from the 19th and 20th centuries (including, among others, Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Mead, Schutz, Wollstonecraft, Martineau, D. Smith, Giddens, and Habermas). Attention is paid throughout to issues in the philosophy of social science and sociology of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'SOC', '003037', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Digital Media', 'An examination of the circuits of technology, creativity, and culture in new media industries, including qualitative work with start-ups and entrepreneurs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'SOC', '003042', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Sociological Theory', 'This course provides an overview of major works of social thought in contemporary context.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'SOC', '003043', 'GRD', 'Selected Problems in Sociological Theory', 'Relation of sociological theory to specific problems of sociological analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SOC', '003044', 'GRD', 'Intermediate Social Statistics', 'Applied multiple regression/correlation, with emphasis on data processing/computing, model construction and interpretation and underlying statistical assumptions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'SOC', '003045', 'GRD', 'Elements of Social Research', 'The social science research process is examined within quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches.', 'Prereq: Sociology Graduate Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'SOC', '003048', 'GRD', 'Mixed Methods Research', 'Strategies are introduced to design, implement and critically assess the appropriateness of mixed methods different designs integration, interpretation, logistics, benefits and the challenges involved in conducting mixed methods research.', 'Prereq: SOC 712', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'SOC', '003049', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Sociology', 'An instructor will teach in their area of specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SOC', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'PACS', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SOC', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'RS', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'SOC', '003053', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Deviance', 'The seminar undertakes a critical examination of the major theoretical perspectives in the sociology of deviance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'SOC', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'WS', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'SOC', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'PACS', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'SOC', '003061', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Knowledge', 'The seminar undertakes to develop a general theory of the relation of social thought to social action, comparative value systems and the role of the scientist, artist and intellectual in society.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SOC', '003062', 'GRD', 'Theories of Social Change', 'A systematic review and analysis of major theories of social change. Theoretical problems are examined within a specific context such as social organization, economic institutions, social stratification, and urban structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('785', 'SOC', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GGOV', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'SOC', '003068', 'GRD', 'Graduate Readings in Sociology', 'Selected readings in a specific topic including the preparation of a research paper under the supervision of a faculty member.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('831', 'STAT', '003087', 'GRD', 'Generalized Linear Models and Applications', 'Review of normal linear regression and maximum likelihood estimation. Computational methods, including Newton-Raphson and iteratively reweighted least squares. Binomial regression; the role of the link function. Goodness-of-fit, goodness-of-link, leverage. Poisson regression models. Generalized linear models. Other topics in regression modelling.', 'Antireq: STAT 431.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('833', 'STAT', '003088', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes 2', 'This course provides further ideas and methods in stochastic modelling, with an emphasis on continuous-time stochastic processes. Topics cover time to absorption based quantities and discrete phase-type distributions of discrete-time Markov chains, continuous-time Markov chains with a countable state space, limit distributions for ergodic and absorbing chains, and applications including birth and death processes and queueing models of practical interest. Other topics may include continuous phase-type distributions, renewal theory and limit theorems for regenerative processes, and phase-type renewal processes.', 'Antirequisite: STAT 433.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('835', 'STAT', '003089', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Process Improvement', 'Statistical methods for improving processes based on observational data. Assessment of measurement systems. Strategies for variation reduction. Process monitoring, control and adjustment. Clue generation techniques for determining the sources of variability. Variation transmission.', 'Antireq: STAT 435', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('840', 'STAT', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'CM', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('841', 'STAT', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'CM', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('844', 'STAT', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CM', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('850', 'STAT', '003094', 'GRD', 'Estimation and Hypothesis Testing', 'Discussion of inference problems under the headings of hypothesis testing and point and interval estimation. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches to inference. Construction and evaluation of tests and estimators. Large sample theory of point estimation.', 'Antireq: STAT 450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('854', 'STAT', '003097', 'GRD', 'Sampling Theory and Practice', 'Sources of survey error. Probability sampling designs, estimation and efficiency comparisons. Distribution theory and confidence intervals. Generalized regression estimation. Software for survey analysis.', 'Antireq: STAT 454.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('901', 'STAT', '003101', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 1', 'Probability measures, random variables as measurable functions, expectation, independence, characteristic functions, limit theorems, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('902', 'STAT', '003102', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 2', 'Review of conditioning on sigma-fields; martingale theory (discrete and continuous-time) and applications; counting processes; Brownian motion; stochastic differential and integral equations and applications; general theory of Markov processes (including martingale problems and semigroup theory), diffusions; weak convergence of stochastic processes on function spaces; functional versions of the central limit theorem and strong laws; convergence of empirical processes.', 'Antireq: ECE 780', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('906', 'STAT', '003104', 'GRD', 'Computer Intensive Methods for Stochastic Models in Finance', 'Review of basic numerical methods. Simulation of random variables, stochastic processes and stochastic models in finance. Numerical solution of deterministic and stochastic differential equations. Valuation of complex financial instruments and derivative securities. Project and paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('908', 'STAT', '003105', 'GRD', 'Statistical Inference', 'Principles of Inference: sufficiency, conditionality, and likelihood; examples and counter examples; conditional inference and ancillarity. Theory of Hypothesis Testing: Neyman-Pearson lemma; similar tests; invariant tests. Asymptotic Theory: maximum likelihood and related theory; large-sample properties of parametric significance tests. Interval Estimation: confidence intervals and significance intervals; location and scale models, conditional intervals. Introduction to Decision Theory: loss and risk functions, admissibility; minimax and Bayes rules; prior and posterior analysis. The course content of Stat 850 is a presumed prerequisite for Stat 908.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('923', 'STAT', '003113', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Multivariate problems as extensions of univariate problems, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation and principle component analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('929', 'STAT', '003116', 'GRD', 'Time Series 1', 'Iterative model building. ARIMA models, application to forecasting, seasonal models, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('930', 'STAT', '003117', 'GRD', 'Time Series 2', 'Multiple time series modeling including transfer function and intervention analysis. Various special topics in time series such as outliers, robustness, order determination methods, Kalman filtering, sampling and aggregation, seasonal adjustments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('935', 'STAT', '003120', 'GRD', 'Analysis of Survival Data', 'This course deals with methods of analyzing data on the time to failure with particular emphasis on the use of regression models for such data. Both parameteric and semi-parametric regression models will be considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('938', 'STAT', '003122', 'GRD', 'Statistical Consulting', 'This course will cover some of the basic tools of a statistical consultant. Topics will include the use of statistical packages, problem-solving techniques, discussion of common statistical consulting problems, effective communication of statistical concepts and management of consulting sessions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'SYDE', '003143', 'GRD', 'Mathematics of Computation', 'Review of mathematical and computational preliminaries; sources of error in floating-point arithmetic; solution of linear equations, eigen value problems, singular value decomposition, non-linear equations, ordinary differential equations and issues in designing mathematical software. The emphasis in this course will be on solution techniques rather than modelling and equation formulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'SYDE', '003146', 'GRD', 'Tools of Intelligent Systems Design', 'The course outlines fundamentals of intelligent systems design using tools of computational intelligence and soft computing. These include fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and other hybrid techniques such as neuro fuzzy systems and fuzzy-generated algorithms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'SYDE', '003147', 'GRD', 'Time Series Modelling', 'The theory and application of time-series modelling are presented for describing phenomena measured at discrete points in time. The types of time-series models include stationary auto regressive moving average (ARMA), nonstationary, special families of seasonal, transfer function-noise (multiple inputs-single output), intervention, and multivariate (multiple inputs-multiple output) models. Applications are used for explaining how the foregoing models are fitted to both natural and socio-economic time series by following the identification, estimation and diagnostic check stages of model construction. Other topics include simulation in engineering design, forecasting in the operation of large-scale projects, and environmental impact assessment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'SYDE', '003148', 'GRD', 'Optimization Methods', 'This course is intended to give a broad treatment of the subject of practical optimization. Emphasis will be given to understanding the motivation and scope of various optimization techniques for constrained and unconstrained problems. The methods discussed include, but are not limited to: Newton''s method and its variants, secant methods and conjugate gradient methods for unconstrained problems; active set methods, penalty methods and Lagrangian methods for constrained problems. In order to use, adapt and modify these methods, details that affect their performance will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'SYDE', '003149', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Engineering Methods', 'This course examines the fundamentals of modern perspectives on interface design for complex systems using current methods in cognitive engineering. We discuss Cognitive Work Analysis, Brunswick''s'' Lens Model, Goal Directed Task Analysis, Situation Awareness Oriented Design, Naturalistic Decision Making, Contextual Inquiry, Macro-cognitive Methods, Activity Theory, Concept Mapping, Cognitive Task Analysis, Social Network Analysis and their application to different types of human engineering problems. Students in this course will learn multiple methods in cognitive engineering with an emphasis on knowing the differences in foundation, assumptions and appropriate application of the methods. Students will be expected to apply the methods in a realistic research context, applying for ethics clearance and working with actual participants. Examples of appropriate topics may include understanding how people work with complex or automated systems models. Finally this course discusses aspects of the current research environment in cognitive engineering, with the objective of developing successful future researchers in this area.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'SYDE', '003151', 'GRD', 'Dynamics of Multibody Systems', 'In this course, linear graph theory is used to model the topology of 2-d and 3-d systems of rigid bodies connected by mechanical joints, springs, dampers, and actuators. Graph-theoretic methods are then used to systematically derive the kinematic and dynamic equations; the numeric solution of these equations provides a simulation of the system''s motion. Topics include: review of kinematics, dynamics and graph theoretic (GT) methods; application to one-dimensional mechanical systems; GT representation of two-dimensional components and systems; formulation and solution of governing system equations; extension to three dimensional mechanical systems with flexible bodies and mechatronic components; application to kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, robotic manipulators, vehicles and satellites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'SYDE', '003153', 'GRD', 'Graphic Theoretic Models for Complex Systems', 'This course extends material in SY DE 551 to include complex systems, systems with uncertainty and systems design issues. Material covered includes: non-linear systems models, their formulations and solutions; higher-order sensitivity models and solutions; second moment analysis and robust design methods for systems with probabilistic components. Examples are taken from electro-mechanical disciplines.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'SYDE', '003154', 'GRD', 'Pattern Recognition', 'Pattern recognition addresses the problem of detecting and classifying patterns in data, a process of machine perception in which objects are assigned to classes to which they are most similar. This course introduces the three modern approaches to pattern recognition: statistical, structural and neural. Specific topics include distance and probability based approaches in multidimensional feature spaces, feature extraction, clustering and performance measures; pattern grammars, syntax analysis and grammatical inference; connectionist models, pattern associators, back propagation and self-organizing networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677', 'SYDE', '003156', 'GRD', 'Medical Imaging', 'This course introduces the fundamental concepts for medical imaging which include medical image formation (X-ray, CT, MRI, sonography); storage and formats (DICOM, DICOM RT, PACS); visualization, detection and analysis (enhancement, segmentation, registration, compression); safety and regulations for imaging devices & software (IEEE standards, Health Canada Licensing, FDA Clearance).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SYDE', '003163', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mathematics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SYDE', '003173', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Computation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SYDE', '003183', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Societal-Environmental Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'SYDE', '003199', 'GRD', 'Topics in Systems Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'SYDE', '003209', 'GRD', 'Topics in Engineering Design', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'SYDE', '003214', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Communication and Information Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SYDE', '003224', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Engineering Sciences', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'AFM', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts & Business, Environment & Business, Sci & Business, Hon Rec & Leisure Studies, Hon Rec & Business, Hon Biotechnology/Economics, Human Resources Management, or Management Studies stdnts. Antireq: AFM 101,102,121, BUS 127W/227W,247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ARBUS', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: AFM 101, 102, BUS 127W/227W, 247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131', 'AFM', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ARBUS', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AFM', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'LS', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'AFM', '003253', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 1', 'A first course in intermediate accounting dealing with the theory and practice of financial statement preparation and reporting. The emphasis will be on asset valuation and the related impact on income measurement.', 'Prereq: AFM 101 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'AFM', '003257', 'UG', 'Financial Instruments and Capital Markets', 'This course is the second in a two-course sequence which offers an overview of global capital markets. The course focuses on valuation of financial instruments and the theories of financial risk and diversification.', 'Prereq: AFM 121; AFM 113 or STAT 211; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 272/ACTSC 291, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'AFM', '003258', 'UG', 'Introduction to Corporate Finance', 'This course is the first in a two-course sequence that deals with corporate financial decision-making. Topics may include capital budgeting, cost of capital, security issuance, capital structure, payout policy and dividends, and short-term finance.', 'Prereq: AFM 273; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ACTSC 372, AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'AFM', '003260', 'UG', 'Cost Management Systems', 'Consideration of more complex topics in management planning and control. Emphasis is on traditional and contemporary cost accumulation systems and their application in modern day organizations. Cases, simulations, projects, and presentations are the key instructional methods used to understand and integrate the course material. At the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of how the correct choice of a costing model adds value to the organization. [Note: Formerly AFM 481]', 'Prereq: AFM 102 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'AFM', '003261', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 2', 'This is an intermediate financial accounting course that deals with problems related to the measurement of liabilities, measurement of income, and the reporting and measuring of corporate equities.', 'Prereq: AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'AFM', '003262', 'UG', 'Accounting Theory', 'A review of accounting theory as a background for applying underlying concepts to current accounting problems. Emphasis is on current literature, with a major term paper required.', 'Prereq: AFM 391 or AFM 491; Accounting and Financial Management,\nBiotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial\nManagement, or Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'AFM', '003265', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'A course offered from time to time on a significant accounting and financial management issue. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'AFM', '003269', 'UG', 'Business Strategy', 'This course focuses on strategic management of the total enterprise. Managers contribute to the organization through their analytical and leadership capabilities as well as their technical expertise. The course provides a framework for developing and implementing strategy that fits the firm''s environment, managerial values, and organization.', 'Prereq: (AFM 274 or AFM 272/ACTSC 291) and AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ENBUS 302', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'AFM', '003273', 'UG', 'Accounting Information Systems', 'Examines the planning, requirements analysis, acquisition, and evaluation of information systems, with an emphasis on accounting information systems. Introduces information systems assurance concepts, and considers the role of information technology in the improvement of business performance.', 'Prereq: Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: CS 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AFM', '003275', 'UG', 'Audit Strategy', 'An examination of elements of audit strategy and their interrelationships, including financial assertions, types and sources of audit assurance, and evidence-gathering procedures within a framework of professional judgment. [Note: Formerly AFM 351]', 'Prereq: AFM 291, AFM 341; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'AFM', '003284', 'UG', 'Equity Investments', 'This course addresses principles of equity investments, including risk and return relationships, fundamental analysis of equities based on macroeconomic, industry and company-specific factors, financial statement analysis, and technical analysis. Portfolio allocation, performance measurement, and ethical and professional standards in the investment profession are also covered.', 'Prereq: One of AFM 272/ACTSC 291, AFM 273, ACTSC 372, ECON 371. Antireq: BUS 473W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'AFM', '003285', 'UG', 'Advanced Financial Accounting', 'An advanced accounting course considering specific problems of accounting for the corporate entity, such as business combinations, intercorporate investments, consolidated financial statements, accounting for foreign operations and foreign currency transactions, and segment reporting.', 'Prereq: AFM 391; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ACTSC', '003290', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics (Non-Specialist Level)', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount; annuities and sinking funds with practical applications to mortgage and bond questions. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Actuarial Science students. Antireq: ACTSC 231; (For Mathematics students only - CIVE 292/392)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ACTSC', '003293', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount including the theoretical continuous case of forces of interest and discount. Annuities and sinking funds, including the continuous case. Practical and theoretical applications primarily to mortgages and bonds. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 137 or 147 and (STAT 220 with a grade of at least 70% or a corequisite of STAT 230 or 240); Level at least 2A; Not open to students who have received credit for ACTSC 232. Antireq: ACTSC 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'ACTSC', '003294', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 1', 'The future lifetime random variable: probability and survival functions; force of mortality; complete and curtate expectation of life; Makeham and Gompertz mortality laws. Life tables: characteristics of population and insurance life tables; selection; fractional age assumptions. Life insurance payments and annuity payments: present value random variables; expected present values; higher moments; actuarial notation. Annual, 1/mthly and continuous cases. Relationships between insurance and annuity functions. Premiums: expense loadings. Present value of future loss random variables and distribution, net and gross cases. Equivalence principle. Portfolio percentile principle. Extra risks. [Note: Students who have met the ELPE requirement must contact their ACTSC advisor. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (At least 60% in ACTSC 231) and (STAT 230 or 240) and (at least 60% in MTHEL 131). Not open to students who received credit for ACTSC 331.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'ACTSC', '003295', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 2', 'Policy Values: Annual, 1/mthly, and continuous cases. Thiele''s equation. Modified premium policy values. Multiple state models: applications in life contingencies; assumptions; Kolmogorov equations; premiums, policy values, multiple decrement models. Joint life models: valuation of insurance benefits on joint lives, dependent and independent cases. [Note: Some of the material covered in STAT 333 reinforces some of the concepts covered in this course. Therefore students might find it beneficial to take STAT 333 and ACTSC 331 at the same time. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 232 with a grade of at least 60%; Actuarial Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ACTSC', '003299', 'UG', 'Introduction to Property and Casualty Loss Reserving', 'An introduction to property/casualty loss reserving techniques. Claim payment process. Chain-ladder methods. Stochastic models.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, (STAT 331 or 371 or 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ACTSC', '003300', 'UG', 'Casualty and Health Insurance Mathematics 1', 'Models for loss frequency: Poisson, negative binomial, binomial, (a, b, 0) class; models for loss severity including exponential, gamma, lognormal, Pareto, and Weibull; impact of policy adjustments on loss frequency and severity; estimation; compound Poisson models; aggregate claims models: properties, recursion, simulation, and pricing; deterministic reserving methods: chain ladder and Bornhuetter Ferguson; introduction to reinsurance. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only. Coreq: STAT 330. Antireq: ACTSC 431 (taken in or before spring 2020).', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'ACTSC', '003301', 'UG', 'Property and Casualty Insurance: Pricing', 'Introduction to ratemaking; rating factors; insurance pricing using generalized linear models; experience rating; credibility theory: Bayesian, Buhlmann, and Buhlmann-Straub; empirical Bayes parameter estimation. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, STAT 330, (one of STAT 331, 371, 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ACTSC', '003302', 'UG', 'Longevity and Mortality Using Predictive Analytics', 'Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen estimators for survival functions. Kernel density models. Validation of mortality tables. Estimators for Markov multiple state transition intensities. Longevity models, including deterministic and stochastic models such as Lee-Carter and Cairns-Blake-Dowd. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331, STAT 330; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ACTSC', '003305', 'UG', 'Mathematics of Financial Markets', 'This course covers mathematical techniques for no-arbitrage pricing and hedging financial derivatives. Topics to be covered can be classified into three broad areas: derivatives markets (options; forwards and futures; other derivatives; put-call parity), discrete-time financial models (binomial models; general multi-period models; Fundamental Theorems of Asset Pricing; risk-neutral probability), and continuous-time financial models (basic stochastic calculus and It\u00f4''s lemma; Black-Scholes model; interest rate models and bond pricing). [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391 or (ACTSC 231, 371) or ACTSC 372 or BUS 393W), (STAT 333 or 334); ACTSC, Math/FARM, Math Fin, STAT students only. Antireq: AFM 322, BUS 423W, ECON 372, MATBUS 470', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ACTSC', '003308', 'UG', 'Basic Pension Mathematics', 'Theory and practice of pension plan funding. Assumptions, basic actuarial functions, and population theory applied to private pensions. Concepts of normal costs, supplemental liability, unfunded liability arising from individual accrued benefit, and projected benefit cost methods.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AMATH', '003316', 'UG', 'Calculus 4', 'Vector integral calculus-line integrals, surface integrals and vector fields, Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem, and Stokes'' theorem. Applications include conservation laws, fluid flow and electromagnetic fields. An introduction to Fourier analysis. Fourier series and the Fourier transform. Parseval''s formula. Frequency analysis of signals. Discrete and continuous spectra. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 217, 227', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'AMATH', '003317', 'UG', 'Introduction to Differential Equations', 'Physical systems which lead to differential equations (examples include mechanical vibrations, population dynamics, and mixing processes). Dimensional analysis and dimensionless variables. Solving linear differential equations: first- and second-order scalar equations and first-order vector equations. Laplace transform methods of solving differential equations. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112) and (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148). Antireq: AMATH 251, 350, MATH 218, 228', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'PHYS', '003320', 'UG', 'Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity', 'Newtonian dynamics of particles and systems of particles. Oscillations. Gravity and the central force problem. Lorentz transformations and relativistic dynamics. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Antireq: AMATH 261, 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'AMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'AMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'PMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PMATH', '003325', 'UG', 'Differential Geometry', 'Submanifolds of Euclidean n-space; vector fields and differential forms; integration on submanifolds and Stokes''s Theorem; metrics and geodesics; Gauss-Bonnet Theorem.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (MATH 237 or 247)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'AMATH', '003328', 'UG', 'Discrete Models in Applied Mathematics', 'Difference equations and discrete dynamical systems. Mathematical models are taken from ecology, biology, economics, and other fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'AMATH', '003329', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations 2', 'Second order linear differential equations with non-constant coefficients, Sturm comparison, oscillation and separation theorems, series solutions and special functions. Linear vector differential equations in Rn, an introduction to dynamical systems. Laplace transforms applied to linear vector differential equations, transfer functions, the convolution theorem. Perturbation methods for differential equations. Numerical methods for differential equations. Applications are discussed throughout. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 250 or 251 and MATH 237 or 247; Level at least 3A. Antireq: AMATH 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'AMATH', '003330', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 1', 'Second order linear partial differential equations - the diffusion equation, wave equation, and Laplace''s equation. Methods of solution - separation of variables and eigenfunction expansions, the Fourier transform. Physical interpretation of solutions in terms of diffusion, waves and steady states. First order non-linear partial differential equations and the method of characteristics. Applications are emphasized throughout. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (one of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228). Antireq: AMATH 350, PHYS 364', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'AMATH', '003331', 'UG', 'Continuum Mechanics', 'Stress and strain tensors; analysis of stress and strain. Lagrangian and Eulerian methods for describing flow. Equations of continuity, motion and energy, constitutive equations. Navier-Stokes equation. Basic equations of elasticity. Various applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263). Coreq: AMATH 351 and (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('373', 'AMATH', '003338', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 1', 'Critical experiments and old quantum theory. Basic concepts of quantum mechanics: observables, wavefunctions, Hamiltonians, and the Schroedinger equation. Uncertainty, correspondence, and superposition principles. Simple applications to finite and extended one-dimensional systems, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor, and hydrogen atom. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263) and PHYS 234. Antireq: PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PMATH', '003348', 'UG', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory Extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, Lp-spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450 with a grade of at least 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PMATH', '003349', 'UG', 'Functional Analysis', 'Banach and Hilbert spaces, bounded linear maps, Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping theorem, closed graph theorem, topologies, nets, Hausdorff spaces, Tietze extension theorem, dual spaces, weak topologies, Tychonoff''s theorem, Banach-Alaoglu theorem, reflexive spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PMATH', '003350', 'UG', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Prereq: PMATH 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'CS', '003352', 'UG', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modeling', 'The interaction of financial models, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for the Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Students who receive a good grade in CS 335 may contact the instructor of CS 476 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 242/CS 371 or CS 370) and STAT 231/241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AMATH', '003354', 'UG', 'Introduction to Dynamical Systems', 'A unified view of linear and nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations in Rn. Flow operators and their classification: contractions, expansions, hyperbolic flows. Stable and unstable manifolds. Phase-space analysis. Nonlinear systems, stability of equilibria and Lyapunov functions. The special case of flows in the plane, Poincare-Bendixson theorem and limit cycles. Applications to physical problems will be a motivating influence. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'AMATH', '003355', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 2', 'A thorough discussion of the class of second order linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients, in two independent variables. Laplace''s equation, the wave equation and the heat equation in higher dimensions. Theoretical/qualitative aspects: well-posed problems, maximum principles for elliptic and parabolic equations, continuous dependence results, uniqueness results (including consideration of unbounded domains), domain of dependence for hyperbolic equations. Solution procedures: elliptic equations -- Green functions, conformal mapping; hyperbolic equations -- generalized d''Alembert solution, spherical means, method of descent; transform methods -- Fourier, multiple Fourier, Laplace, Hankel (for all three types of partial differential equations); Duhamel''s method for inhomogeneous hyperbolic and parabolic equations. [Note: Offered in the fall of odd years.]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351 and 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'AMATH', '003356', 'UG', 'Control Theory', 'Feedback control with applications. System theory in both time and frequency domain, state-space computations, stability, system uncertainty, loopshaping, linear quadratic regulators, and estimation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH/PMATH 332 or PMATH 352) and AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'AMATH', '003357', 'UG', 'Calculus of Variations', 'Concept of functional and its variations. The solution of problems using variational methods - the Euler-Lagrange equations. Applications include an introduction to Hamilton''s principle and optimal control. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247 and (One of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228); Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'AMATH', '003359', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Incompressible, irrotational flow. Incompressible viscous flow. Introduction to wave motion and geophysical fluid mechanics. Elements of compressible flow. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364) and AMATH 361.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'AMATH', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PHYS', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'AMATH', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 231 or MATH 227) and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263); Level at least 4A Honours Mathematics or Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'PHYS', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; AMATH 231 or MATH 227; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'AMATH', '003382', 'UG', 'Reading Course', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Not open to General Mathematics students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ANTH', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CLAS', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ANTH', '003399', 'UG', 'Social and Cultural Anthropology', 'This course introduces students to the history and key concepts of social and cultural anthropology through the examination of classic works as well as contemporary ethnographic texts and films. Topics include anthropological approaches to understanding cultural identity and difference, social structure, kinship, politics, and exchange.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'ANTH', '003401', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of North America', 'This course examines past Indigenous lifeways in North America north of Mexico from the time of earliest settlement to contact with Europeans. It provides a broad survey of space-time systematics as well as conceptual, methodological, and ethical issues relevant to study of the North American archaeological record. [Note: Formerly ANTH 203]', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221. Antireq: ANTH 203', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'ANTH', '003422', 'UG', 'Inuit Cultures', 'An examination of Inuit and Eskimo cultures of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland from their prehistoric origins to the present. Administrative systems imposed upon the Inuit and Eskimo will be analyzed and compared, as will the contemporary problems these communities face.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('290', 'ANTH', '003432', 'UG', 'Visual Anthropology', 'This course examines relations between culture and vision, the history of photography in anthropological research, and ethnographic film and its ethical implications. Topics include the roles of museums and representation, indigenous media, advocacy, and activism.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ANTH', '003433', 'UG', 'Practicing Anthropology', 'Thinking anthropologically means bringing observations and empirical findings into a dialogue with theoretical approaches. This course explores how anthropologists have developed the methods they use, considers how they interpret their findings through such lenses as functionalism and structuralism, and examines how they formulate critiques of fieldwork.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ANTH', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'RS', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'ANTH', '003445', 'UG', 'Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology', 'Detailed consideration of prehistoric cultural developments from earliest toolmaking to the transition to agriculture. An examination of the human mode of adaptation and the increasing complexity of cultural systems among prehistoric hunters and gatherers. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ANTH', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'CLAS', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ANTH', '003448', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of the Great Lakes Area', 'An in-depth study of the archaeological evidence for prehistoric cultures in the Great Lakes area from their arrival ca. 11,000 years ago to the coming of Europeans. Cultural ecology and cultural evolution will be stressed.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ANTH', '003452', 'UG', 'Environmental Anthropology', 'This course examines the relationships between environments and human societies, focusing on the nature/culture divide and social and economic organization. Topics may include politics and practice, the influence of globalization, and regional perspectives.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ANTH', '003460', 'UG', 'Directed Research in Anthropology', 'This course provides selected students with an opportunity to work (up to a maximum of eight hours per week over one term) as apprentices with a specific instructor on a research project in which the instructor is currently engaged. [Note: This is a non-paid position and may not be combined with sponsored research positions. Previous or external research experiences will not meet the criteria for this course. This course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'ANTH', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'GSJ', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ANTH', '003466', 'UG', 'Human Evolution', 'This course reviews the evolutionary history of humans. It includes an examination of the hominin fossil record, evidence from genetic analyses, and behavioural inferences that have been drawn from nonhuman primate models. Emphasis is placed on the process of knowledge production and interpretation, and the representation of human evolution in the public realm.', 'Prereq: ANTH 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ANTH', '003473', 'UG', 'Reading in Anthropology', 'Student-initiated independent research on a selected topic. A high standard of written work is required. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ANTH', '003475', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Anthropology', 'Analysis of a special topic in anthropology, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times. Formerly ANTH 400.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'ANTH', '003489', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'ANTH', '003490', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'ARCH', '003492', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 1', 'Introduction to the use of graphic media in architecture. Students will engage in exercises in drawing using various media, acquire digital skills, and develop fluency in diverse forms of architectural presentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('113', 'ARCH', '003494', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 2', 'Introduction to computing techniques in architecture. Students will be instructed in the conceptual foundations for computer use in architecture, graphic applications for the computer and skills for two-dimensional drawing, three-dimensional modelling and graphic techniques for visualization and portfolio development. Students will gain fluency in a range of software applications for the purposes of developing technical and visual proficiencies to be integrated into the design process. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('142', 'ARCH', '003496', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cultural History', 'This course will introduce cultural history and the ethical dimension of the role architects play. Localizing the realities of modernity as an enduring cultural force and a global economy on one hand, with global threats to the future of humankind on the other. This course will explore the commonality of human experience, the interdependence of humans, and the natural environment. By considering narratives, artefacts, and buildings, this course will present how architecture and other cultural creations intersect with issues of race, gender, and identity, within a range of spiritual, social, political, and environmental contexts. Through orientation, disorientation, and reorientation, this course introduces human constructs and environmental conditions from a variety of perspectives such as location, foundation, habituation, accommodation, exile, and displacement. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('143', 'ARCH', '003497', 'UG', 'Settlements, Sanctuaries, and Cities', 'This course introduces buildings, cultural practices, and worldviews of nomadic and sedentary societies across a broad range of geographies and periods. Beginning with the earliest shrines and cities that appear in the Middle East, the Far East, and India, and exploring settlements in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas up to the year 1000CE. This course examines the origins of sacred and civic architectures in the landscapes and environments in which they emerge, moving across continents to recognize patterns of life, concepts of order and conduct, symbols, rituals, and myths embodied in our building practices and settlement patterns. Analysis in this course foregrounds the relationships to the lands that inform cultures, the formation and movement of societies, their temporary and permanent constructions, looking at the ecological and social bearings of cities as spaces of power, sanctuary, and exchange. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 142', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'ARCH', '003498', 'UG', 'Principles of Structures', 'Fundamental concepts of mechanics and structures, as related to architectural design, study of loading conditions, forces, moments, systems of forces, conditions of equilibrium for two- and three-dimensional structures, centre of gravity of loads and areas, bar forces in trusses, simple frame analysis, moment of inertia. Concepts of simple stress and strain; shear and bending moments in simple beams; shear and moment diagrams, qualitative deflected shapes, flexural and shearing stresses, deflection calculations; compression members; Euler''s formula. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 163', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('172', 'ARCH', '003500', 'UG', 'Building Construction 1', 'A focus on the construction of small-scale buildings will introduce the fundamentals of building construction demonstrating relationships between contemporary design and material selections. Design development practices will reference; regulatory frameworks, building science, soils, foundations, light wood construction, engineered wood, masonry (brick, concrete block, load bearing, veneer systems), shallow foundations, residential codes, barrier free design. [Note: Field trip fee: $20. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('174', 'ARCH', '003501', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192', 'ARCH', '003502', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of the means to appreciate the art and science of building; introduction to the study of theories of architecture; development of skills in graphic communication; introduction to a study of building elements; promotion of the application of theory in the practice of design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Field trip cost $300-$450. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('193', 'ARCH', '003503', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Further development of basic skills, and the application of theory and design in small scale architectural design projects. Introduction to issues of inhabitation, program, and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ARCH', '003512', 'UG', 'Architecture of the Urban Environment', 'An introduction to the structure and form of urban environments as understood through the urban architecture. The forces that determine the creation and development of urban places will be examined. Topics include the plan as a generative form, urban building types, urban morphology, and the shape of the public realm, infrastructure as both system and architectural object, nature and the park, and real estate and development controls. Of special interest will be analyses of the suburb, and urban master plans. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Architecture students or Honours Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'ARCH', '003515', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 600-1600', 'This course presents encounters across peoples, worldviews, belief systems, and empires, following the movement of ideas, practices, and objects to consider significant cultural transformations resulting from conflictual or peaceful interactions. From Indigenous civilizations and imperial dynasties, to sites of economic, political, and religious encounters such as the Silk Road or the Crusades. This course thematically presents creative works across all continents and includes proto-capitalist and proto-colonial phenomena. Representational, material, and spatial practices studied range from visual and oral discourses, drawing, mapping, printing, land markings, places of burials, worship, and teachings, as well as the organization of cities, landscapes, and territories, all studied as windows into ways of knowing, patterns of life and relationships to the land. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 143', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('173', 'ARCH', '003520', 'UG', 'Building Construction 2', 'Focusing on the construction of medium-to large-scale buildings examines relationships between design development, and the building science, and construction practices of structural systems and enclosures. Case studies and projects will be used to investigate steel framing systems (traditional, long span, architectural exposed structural steel [AESS]); reinforced, precast, fibre reinforced and prestressed concrete construction; heavy timber construction (traditional, glulam, cross laminated timber [CLT]); deep foundations; building envelopes (curtain wall, window walls, glazing, insulation strategies, and roofing systems); fire protective design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 172', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'ARCH', '003521', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('276', 'ARCH', '003529', 'UG', 'Timber: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural timber systems. Topics such as flexural, compression and truss members, connections, and plywood construction are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of ARCH 260, ARCH 262, CIVE 204 or 205', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'ARCH', '003530', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('285', 'ARCH', '003531', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ARCH', '003532', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The exploration of design as a thinking process through the medium of small scale design projects. The development and analysis of architectural propositions concerning personal space within the context of a larger community. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required two-day field trip, cost range $150-$200. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 193', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'ARCH', '003533', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Design involving problems of human perception and dimension in more complex environments, and dealing with issues of public and private space. Development of skills in analysis and programming, and further exploration of questions of siting and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Estimated field trip cost $400-$500. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 292', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ARCH', '003535', 'UG', 'Architectural Theory 1850-1990', 'Beginning with the introduction of important theories of architecture in vogue prior to 1850, this course examines texts, movements, buildings, projects, and urban proposals of the period in order to understand the structure of contemporary architectural theory.', 'Prereq: ARCH 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('248', 'ARCH', '003536', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 1600-1914', 'This course critically examines the period from the 17th century to the first years of the 20th century, studying revolutions in science, agriculture, and industry, and considering the social, political, and economic changes engendered globally in their wake. Selected works from philosophy, literature, the arts, architecture, landscape, and city design reveal complex social and political upheavals. The increasing influence of technology, and the power struggles around access to and extraction of the globe''s resources. Topics considered include the birth of industrial nations driven by Enlightenment reason, science and the emancipative promise of political liberty, as well as the fall of that early idealism with the realities of capitalism, colonialism, racism, and the destruction of the natural environment. Considering encounters between people, as well as between people and the earth, this course studies both the promises and shadows of the complex global society that emerges in this time. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 246', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ARCH', '003539', 'UG', 'Steel and Concrete: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural steel and concrete systems. Topics such as tension, flexural, and compression members; and connections are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 262 or (ARCH 260 and ARCH 276)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('126', 'ARCH', '003541', 'UG', 'Environmental Building Design', 'An introduction to environmental design practices leading to low carbon design. Topics of discussion include passive heating and cooling, solar geometry, climate and meteorological influences, microclimate, site design, daylighting, active systems, embodied energy, sustainable rating systems, sustainable design philosophies such as cradle to cradle, biomimicry and design for disassembly. Energy-related issues will be addressed and energy-based software design programs will be introduced. Understanding the role of design in an energy efficient or passive solar building will be a central learning outcome. [Note: Field trip fee: $15. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 226', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'ARCH', '003545', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ARCH', '003549', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'ARCH', '003554', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'ARCH', '003555', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ARCH', '003556', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of design skills and theoretical knowledge through their application in projects involving various building types in urban situations. Emphasis is placed upon issues of materiality and technology in architectural design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required four to five day field trip, cost $400-$500. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 293', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'ARCH', '003557', 'UG', 'Option Design Studio', 'This design studio is subdivided into distinct studio sections, each of which provides a specific platform for advanced research and design presented within the context of a topic or set of issues to be explored in relation to a specific design project, program and site. These studios range in both scale and scope, traversing an array of academic investigations, design hypotheses, research agendas, interdisciplinary explorations, and pedagogical intentions. These topics foreground the disciplinary arenas within architecture in the areas of architectural theory, media, technology, urbanism, and landscape. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ARCH', '003559', 'UG', 'Italian Urban History (Rome)', 'The course provides a survey of the history of settlement and urban form on the Italian peninsula from antiquity to the present day. In it the influences upon the structure of public and private space are outlined for each historical period. These include constants such as geography and climate, but more especially the factors that induce and manifest change: politics, warfare, economics, social structure, the arts and theory. [Note: Course fee: $550.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'ARCH', '003561', 'UG', 'Rome and the Campagna (Rome)', 'History of settlement and building in Rome and the surrounding area from antiquity to the present. Acts of design in architecture, urban form and landscape related to political, cultural and spiritual authority of Rome. Comparison drawn between the image of the city, represented in literature and art, and the material facts of the place. Field trips, lecture. [Note: Course fee: Required travel fee applies to this course, please contact the Architecture Student Services Co-ordinator for current fees. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('449', 'ARCH', '003562', 'UG', 'The Development of Modern Italian Architecture (Rome)', 'The course addresses the issues of architecture and urbanism in Rome and Italy from 1750 to the present. It explores the relationship between cultural, political, and artistic phenomena such as Futurism, Novecento, and Rationalism, that anticipate and create modernism in Italy. [Note: Two one-day field trips, estimated cost $60.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ARCH', '003567', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ARCH', '003571', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'ARCH', '003575', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'ARCH', '003577', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'ARCH', '003579', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The studio course is mounted in Rome, Italy, with the school''s own faculty and premises, and offers a unique opportunity to undertake design studies in a truly rich architectural heritage. The main focus is the nature of the institution and its relationship to the city and its culture. Students participating in the Rome term are expected to defray the costs of travel, accommodation, and food. For students unable to study in Rome, an alternative studio is offered in Cambridge. It presents similar design projects and theoretical questions in a North American context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'ARCH', '003581', 'UG', 'Design Studio/Comprehensive Building Design', 'This studio represents a culmination of the pre-professional degree, through the integration and application of skills and knowledge to a complex building project. Students will develop designs to a high level of detail. A concern for technical material, environmental, and legal aspects of architecture will support open speculation and innovative design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'ARTS', '003610', 'UG', 'Quest for Meaning in the Modern World', 'This course invites students on a quest for meaning in the context of a time in which traditional meanings and definitions have been challenged by rapidly-shifting cultural and religious values.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'ARTS', '003628', 'UG', 'Studies in Ideas', 'A course consisting of a series of lectures and tutorials on specific topics dealing with important ideas in the humanities, social sciences, fine and performing arts, and languages and cultures. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'BIOL', '003651', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy', 'This course takes a systems approach to study the structure of the human body and its relationship to function. [Formerly BIOL 301; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'BIOL', '003654', 'UG', 'Introductory Zoology', 'A study of the functional morphology of selected animals with special emphasis on the various grades of organization and development in the different phyla. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'BIOL', '003655', 'UG', 'Introductory Vertebrate Zoology', 'An introduction to the structure, evolution and development of vertebrate organ systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'BIOL', '003657', 'UG', 'Introduction to Plant Structure and Function', 'A brief introduction to plant diversity, and the anatomy and physiology of vascular plants. The course will include a description of major cell and tissue types, and their organization in roots, stems, and leaves. Topics such as the processes of water and ion uptake, photosynthesis, long distance transport, and growth regulation will also be covered. [Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'BIOL', '003665', 'UG', 'Genetics', 'Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal mechanisms in mitosis and meiosis. The origin, inheritance and adaptive significance of chromosomal changes. Nucleic acids as the carriers of genetic information. Natural selection and the evolution of genetic systems. [Formerly BIOL 139. Offered: W,S; online F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'BIOL', '003667', 'UG', 'Introduction to Applied Microbiology', 'Introduction to microbial ecology, environmental microbiology, food microbiology, and medical microbiology. Topics in environmental microbiology include biogeochemical cycling and biological treatment of wastes and pollutants. Topics in medical microbiology include concepts of immunology and host-parasite relationships. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240 and 140/240L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'BIOL', '003668', 'UG', 'Organismal and Evolutionary Ecology', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the basic principles of Scientific Reasoning, Ecology and Evolution. Coverage includes hypothesis testing and the nature of scientific inquiry, basic population genetics, physiological ecology, life histories, dispersal, basic population and community ecology, macroevolution, systematics and classification, as well as functional morphology. [Formerly BIOL 250. Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'BIOL', '003669', 'UG', 'Principles of Human Physiology 1', 'The physiology of major organ systems of the human body. Topics include neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system, muscle, the cardiovascular system, the components of blood, respiratory system, and immune system. The combination of BIOL 273 and BIOL 373 covers all of the major topics of human physiology. [Note: BIOL 373L may be required for entrance to certain professional/graduate programs. Offered: F, W and online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'BIOL', '003673', 'UG', 'Functional Histology', 'A hierarchical approach to biological structure with an emphasis on functional morphology. Starting with the cell, the fundamental unit of structure and function, the material progressively develops how cells organize to form tissues such as epithelium, connective tissue and muscle. Emphasis on how these tissue building blocks cooperate to form the major organs and organ systems of the human body. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'BIOL', '003674', 'UG', 'Introductory Developmental Biology and Embryology', 'Fundamental processes and concepts in embryonic development including the acquisition of multicellularity, organization of the early embryo, morphogenesis of tissues, major organ systems, fetal membranes, growth, differentiation, and analysis of common developmental defects. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 139/239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'BIOL', '003675', 'UG', 'Invertebrate Zoology', 'The diversity of invertebrate animals will be explored in this class. Topics covered will include reproduction, development, life history, feeding, locomotion, and behaviour. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'BIOL', '003680', 'UG', 'Plant Physiology', 'A study of plant physiological processes with an emphasis on the role of key metabolic pathways in plant growth and development. Topics such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, growth regulators, mineral nutrition, water relations, and stress physiology will be covered. [Offered in Fall of odd years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'BIOL', '003685', 'UG', 'Advanced Cell Biology', 'The functional organization of cells with particular reference to cell-cell interaction, the structure, function and development of organelles and the biological roles of cellular membranes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308 or 309; CHEM 233 or 237; (BIOL 308 or BIOL 309) and co-req CHEM 233 or CHEM 237 for Science and Business/Biotechnology Specialization or Honours Biotechnology/Economics or CS Honours Bioinformatics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'BIOL', '003691', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 1', 'Molecular biotechnology applies the principles of recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering, gene cloning) to the development of commercial products. The methods of recombinant DNA technology, molecular diagnostic systems for detecting diseases and transgenic organisms will be discussed. [Note: Recommended prerequisite BIOL 241. It is recommended that BIOL 342 be taken after completion of second year. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, BIOL 208/309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'BIOL', '003694', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology 1', 'An introduction to the basic theories, principles and techniques of environmental toxicology. A comparative study of the effects of specific groups of toxicants on ecosystems; biodegradation and cycling. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 102, CHEM 120, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'BIOL', '003696', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Environmental Aspects', 'A comparative study of salt and water balance, circulation, respiratory systems, nitrogenous excretion, and mechanisms of energy acquisition and metabolism in animals. Adaptations to different environments will be emphasized. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'BIOL', '003697', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Evolutionary Themes', 'A comparative study of neural, sensory, endocrine, digestive, and reproductive strategies across animal taxa. The emphasis will be on evolutionary themes at the organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477L', 'BIOL', '003698', 'UG', 'Techniques in Animal Physiology', 'Laboratory exercises and computer-based data collection to study the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, digestive, and excretory systems of vertebrates and invertebrate animals. Students will learn animal handling techniques, data collection with state of the art physiological equipment, and data analysis using computer software. Tutorials will allow students to investigate and discuss current animal physiology research topics in greater detail. [Formerly BIOL 374L. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: BIOL 370, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'BIOL', '003701', 'UG', 'Advanced Topics in Developmental Biology', 'This course explores the cellular and molecular basis of developmental phenomena in animals. Lectures will emphasize the experimental basis for both historical and contemporary knowledge with a focus on the major developmental systems in model organisms. Course content will concentrate on themes that permeate current published research. [Note: BIOL 208/309 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'BIOL', '003713', 'UG', 'Phycology', 'Algae and applied uses of algae. Topics include examination of algal groups from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Uses of algae in industry and food as well as negative impacts of various algal groups. [Notes: Offered in odd numbered years. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'BIOL', '003716', 'UG', 'Plant Molecular Genetics', 'An examination of the current molecular techniques used to study plant development physiology. Topics include mutant isolation, transcript and metabolite profiling, gene silencing and protein localization. [Note: BIOL 120 is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'BIOL', '003718', 'UG', 'Bacterial Molecular Genetics', 'Bacterial molecular biology with an emphasis on the use of genetic tools to study the biology of microorganisms. Topics include mutagenesis, conjugation, recombination, gene regulation, plasmids, transposons, bacteriophage and genomics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'BIOL', '003720', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 2', 'How recombinant DNA technology is used to produce vaccines, pharmaceuticals, crop plants, and other commercial products will be discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'BIOL', '003721', 'UG', 'Plant Biotechnology', 'Biotechnological approaches and their applications in plant genetic manipulation, transformation and cell culture for plant improvement, propagation, and biochemical production. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130, 239; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'BIOL', '003722', 'UG', 'Human Molecular Genetics', 'Recent advances in human molecular genetics will be examined with emphasis on how human disease-causing genes are mapped, identified, isolated and characterized. Examples will draw from research on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington disease, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer disease, cancer, vision defects and other disorders. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'BIOL', '003724', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology Techniques', 'Selected experiments to provide students with a range of laboratory skills in recombinant DNA technology. [Note: Students in the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Specialization are encouraged to take this course unless they have previous laboratory experience involving molecular biology techniques. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 240L. Coreq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'BIOL', '003727', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology of Animal Development', 'An examination of the current major issues in the regulation of gene expression during animal development with emphasis on technical and conceptual advances. Current research literature will be reviewed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'BIOL', '003728', 'UG', 'Environmental and Natural Products Biochemistry', 'This course deals with the functions, distribution and environmental ramifications of natural compounds produced by plants and other biological systems. Natural products are those compounds usually described as secondary metabolites, i.e. those apparently non-essential products whose physiological and ecological functions are either obscure or are of peripheral importance to the organism. However, many of these non-essential products have profound competitive, economic and pharmacological significance; and as research proceeds, their physiological roles within the parent organisms are becoming clearer. As well, this course has a strong emphasis on how environmental chemical and physical processes impact on living organisms and their biochemistry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233 or 237; CHEM 264 or 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'BIOL', '003730', 'UG', 'Advances in Immunology', 'A survey of the recent advances in the vertebrate immune response; the cells and tissues of the lymphoid system; humoral and cell-mediated immunity; initiation and regulation of the immune response; the immune system and disease, emerging techniques used in immunology. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'BIOL', '003731', 'UG', 'Virology', 'A survey of viral structures, life cycles, and the interactions of viruses with their hosts. The laboratory component will include procedures used for viral detection and titration, as well as individual library research projects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241,308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('443', 'BIOL', '003732', 'UG', 'Fermentation Biotechnology', 'Biology of industrial micro-organisms: fermentation systems; fermentation raw materials; downstream processing; biomass production; food fermentations; production of industrial chemicals, food additives, enzymes and other products by fermentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'BIOL', '003733', 'UG', 'Bacterial Pathogenesis', 'A study of the bacteria involved in pathogenesis, their mode of infection, symptoms and prevention of diseases. The laboratory will focus on identification of bacterial isolates. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'BIOL', '003734', 'UG', 'Microorganisms in Foods', 'Food preservation, spoilage, poisoning and modern concepts in quality assurance programs are studied. The aim is to understand factors governing microbial changes in foods. Problem solving in the food industry is emphasized. Laboratory work will reflect current practices in quality control and testing. [Note: Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'BIOL', '003735', 'UG', 'Microbial Ecology and Diversity', 'Examples from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and plant- and animal-associated environments, will be used to illustrate the activities and diversity of microorganisms in these habitats. The importance of the ecological roles of microbes to aspects of agriculture, geochemistry, human biology, and the biology of extreme environments will be considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'BIOL', '003736', 'UG', 'Environmental Microbiology', 'A study of the environmental impact of microorganisms. Aspects of pollution, waste treatment, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, and nutrient cycling will be examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('448', 'BIOL', '003737', 'UG', 'Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry', 'A study of the physiology of microorganisms. Provides biochemical- and molecular-level detail on the diverse structures and metabolic functions of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal cells. Aspects of microbial growth, nutrition, and metabolism are examined in the context of how microorganisms develop diverse solutions for meeting essential requirements for life. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'BIOL', '003739', 'UG', 'Marine Biology', 'Ecological processes and evolutionary adaptation are explored in the world''s largest and most diverse ecosystems. The major ocean habitats will be characterized, stressing their importance as resources, moderators of climate and reservoirs of biodiversity. [Notes: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'BIOL', '003740', 'UG', 'Aquatic Ecology', 'Study of the structure and function of lake and stream ecosystems. The course emphasizes biological components and processes, but includes the origin and nature of lake and stream systems and the fundamentals of surface water chemistry and physics. Human influences, management options and current issues will be examined with readings and project work. [Note: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150; One of BIOL 110, 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'BIOL', '003741', 'UG', 'Quantitative Fisheries Biology', 'The practices of fisheries science including the effects of industrial fisheries on fish stocks; methods of capture, obtaining, using, and interpretation of vital statistics of fish stocks; population estimation; stock-recruitment; growth; mortality; and fecundity. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical information for making ecological inferences about the status of fish populations. [Note: Familiarity with linear regression is essential. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'BIOL', '003744', 'UG', 'Ecological Risk Assessment and Management', 'Examination of the use of scientific information characterizing the risks posed to the environment by anthropogenic stresses. Discussions will take place in the context of aquatic ecology and presume a background of standard aquatic toxicology methods. Methods for assessing risks, including environmental impact assessment, risk quotients, national, and international risk assessment paradigms, and cumulative effects assessment will be examined. Critical connections between assessment and management will also be discussed. [Offered: F of even years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 354, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'BIOL', '003745', 'UG', 'Population Biology', 'The analysis of the structure and dynamics of plant and animal populations. Theoretical, mathematical and experimental approaches to the study of population ecology. [Note: Students are advised that this course involves computer and numerical applications. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'BIOL', '003746', 'UG', 'Analysis of Communities', 'A study of the organization, structure and development of communities with emphasis on vegetation change. Topics include: diversity, stability; succession; sampling procedures and multivariate analysis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'BIOL', '003748', 'UG', 'Evolution 1: Mechanisms', 'A study of the processes of evolution; the differentiation of populations and the origin of new forms of life. [Offered: F, W; online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 139/239 or Level at least 3A Environment and Resource students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'BIOL', '003750', 'UG', 'Methods of Aquatic Ecology', 'An introduction to methods used to sample and characterize the ecological structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, including basic aspects of the abiotic environment. Field trips to lake and stream sites are combined with laboratory analysis of samples and data. While the main emphasis is on the techniques, the exercises also provide direct experience with some of the natural and anthropogenic variation observable in aquatic systems. [Note: Formerly BIOL 460L. Field Trip fee of $60 is required toward the cost of transportation.Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350 or 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'BIOL', '003751', 'UG', 'Advanced Biostatistics', 'Advanced aspects of statistics and experimental design for biologists. Topics will include analysis of variance (factorial, hierarchical and blocking designs; fixed- and random-effects models); a-priori and a-posteriori comparisons; multivariate analysis of variance; analysis of covariance; multiple linear regression; multivariate statistics (indirect and direct gradient analysis). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 361; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Antireq: (for Arts and Environmental Studies students) PSYCH 202, 391, STAT 322, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'BIOL', '003756', 'UG', 'Mammalian Reproduction', 'This course will provide an in-depth coverage of reproductive biology in a range of mammalian species. Emphasis will be on the principles underlying the regulation of key reproductive processes, from the whole animal to the molecular level. Topics will include applications of these principles to human and veterinary medicine, and ethical problems posed by some reproductive technologies. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'BIOL', '003762', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 1', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-$4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'BIOL', '003763', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 2', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490C', 'BIOL', '003765', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 3', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 491A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490D', 'BIOL', '003766', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 4', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario universities program in field biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 490D/491B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498A', 'BIOL', '003770', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 1', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400 - $2500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498B', 'BIOL', '003771', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 2', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400- $2500 A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'BIOL', '003772', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'BIOL', '003773', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'CO', '003887', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Non-Specialist Level)', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms: simplex, cutting plane, and branch & bound; linear programming duality. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146. Antireq: CO 250, 255, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'CO', '003890', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models (Non-Specialist Level)', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 227, 250, 255, 352. Antireq: CO 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CO', '003891', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal power series. The combinatorics of the ordinary and exponential generating series. Lagrange''s implicit function theorem, applications to the enumeration of permutations, functions, trees and graphs. Integer partitions, geometric methods, enumerating linear transformations. Introduction to the pattern algebra, applications to the enumeration of strings. Lattice paths, Wiener-Hopf factorization. Enumeration under symmetries. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CO', '003892', 'UG', 'Coding Theory', 'A first course in error-correcting codes. Linear block codes, Hamming-Golay codes, and multiple error-correcting BCH codes are studied. Various encoding and decoding schemes are considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 225 or 235 or 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'CO', '003893', 'UG', 'Introduction to Graph Theory', 'An introduction to some of the key topics in graph theory: connectivity, planarity, and matchings. Connectivity: Menger''s theorem, 3-connected graphs. Planarity: Kuratowski''s theorem, uniqueness of planar embeddings. Matchings: Review of Konig''s theorem, Tutte''s theorem. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'CO', '003895', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms; aspects of computational complexity; geometry; linear programming duality, focusing on the development of algorithms. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of (MATH 106, MATH 114, MATH 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 136 or MATH 146; cumulative overall average of at least 60%. Antireq: CO 227, 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'CO', '003896', 'UG', 'Network Flow Theory', 'Review of linear programming. Shortest path problems. The max-flow min-cut theorem and applications. Minimum cost flow problems. Network simplex and primal-dual algorithms. Applications to problems of transportation, distribution, job assignments, and critical-path planning. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 250 or 255 or 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'CO', '003897', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Advanced Level)', 'Linear optimization: feasibility theorems, duality, the simplex algorithm. Discrete optimization: integer linear programming, cutting planes, network flows. Continuous optimization: local and global optima, feasible directions, convexity, necessary optimality conditions. [Note: CO 255 may be substituted for CO 250 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245, 237 or 247. Antireq: CO 227, 250, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'CO', '003898', 'UG', 'Nonlinear Optimization', 'A course on the fundamentals of nonlinear optimization, including both the mathematical and the computational aspects. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for unconstrained and constrained problems. Convexity and its applications. Computational techniques and their analysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (One of CO 250, 255, 352) and MATH 128 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CO', '003899', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CO 250 or 255 or 352. Antireq: CO 327', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'CO', '003901', 'UG', 'Mathematical Discovery and Invention', 'A course in problem solving. 100 problems are studied. Problems are taken mainly from the elementary parts of algebra, geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and probability. [Note: Offered in the spring term of even years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, MATH 106 or 136 or 146, MATH 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CO', '003902', 'UG', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The transfer matrix method. Sieve methods, inclusion/exclusion, Mobius inversion. Polya enumeration, Enumeration of trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', 'Prereq: CO 330; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'CO', '003903', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs, and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', 'Prereq: PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'CO', '003906', 'UG', 'Topics in Combinatorics', 'An undergraduate seminar in combinatorics. The primary objective is to study current work in specific areas of combinatorics. Course content may vary from term to term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CO', '003907', 'UG', 'Topics in Graph Theory', 'An in-depth study of one or two topics in graph theory. Course content may vary from term to term. Topics may include planar graphs, extremal graph theory, directed graphs, enumeration, algebraic graph theory, probabilistic graph theory, connectivity, graph embedding, colouring problems.', 'Prereq: CO 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CO', '003908', 'UG', 'Graph Theory', 'Connectivity (Menger''s theorem, ear decomposition, and Tutte''s wheels theorem) and matchings (Hall''s theorem and Tutte''s theorem). Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Ramsey theory: upper and lower bounds, explicit constructions. External graph theory: Turan''s theorem, the Erdos-Gallai theorem. Probabilistic methods. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 342, MATH 235 or 245; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CO', '003909', 'UG', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'An introduction to the methods of and some interesting current topics in algebraic graph theory. Topics covered will include vertex-transitive graphs, eigenvalue methods, strongly regular graphs and may include graph homomorphisms, Laplacians or knot and link invariants.', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249, PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CO', '003910', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimal solutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CO', '003911', 'UG', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CO', '003913', 'UG', 'Scheduling', 'An overview of practical optimization problems that can be posed as scheduling problems. Characterizations of optimal schedules. Simple and efficient combinatorial algorithms for easy problems. A brief overview of computational complexity, definition of P, NP, NP-complete and NP-hard. Integer programming formulations, the traveling salesman problem, heuristics, dynamic programming, and branch-and-bound approaches. Polynomial-time approximation algorithms. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'CO', '003914', 'UG', 'Introduction to Game Theory', 'A broad introduction to game theory and its applications to the modeling of competition and cooperation in business, economics, and society. Two-person games in strategic form and Nash equilibria. Extensive form games, including multi-stage games. Coalition games and the core. Bayesian games, mechanism design, and auctions.', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CO', '003917', 'UG', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point, and active set strategies.', 'Prereq: (CO 367 and one of CO 250, 352) or CO 255; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'CO', '003918', 'UG', 'History of Mathematics', 'An in-depth examination of the origins of mathematics, beginning with examples of Babylonian mathematics. Topics may include Pythagorean triples, solution of equations, estimation of pi, duplication of the cube, trisection of an angle, the Fibonacci sequence, the origins of calculus. [Note: Offered in the spring term of odd years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, 106 or 136 or 146, 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CO', '003920', 'UG', 'Reading in Combinatorics and Optimization', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'ANTH', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and M\u00e9tis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'INDG', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and M\u00e9tis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CHE', '003949', 'UG', 'Equilibrium Stage Operations', 'Equilibrium between phases; the equilibrium stage concept. Cascades of stages with and without reflux; group methods and stage-by-stage approaches; graphical solutions. Applications in the separation of components by distillation, absorption, stripping, extraction and leaching. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHE', '003950', 'UG', 'Process Data Analysis', 'Introduction to statistical methods for analyzing and interpreting process data. Introduction to statistical ideas, probability theory, distribution theory, sampling theory, confidence intervals and significance tests. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CHE', '003951', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 1', 'Thermodynamics: work and heat as forms of energy. First law, internal energy and enthalpy. Heats of chemical and physical changes. Cycles and the second law, entropy. Spontaneity and equilibrium, free energies. Systems of variable composition, chemical equilibrium. Phase equilibrium and the phase rule. Ideal solutions, colligative properties. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'CHE', '003952', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Fundamentals of fluid flow. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and mechanical energy. Flow of fluids in conduits. Flow past immersed bodies. Flow through beds of solids, fluidization. Transportation and metering of fluids. Dimensional analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'CHE', '003953', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 2', 'Thermodynamics: ideal solutions; non-ideal solutions, non-electrolytic and electrolytic solutions, phase equilibrium and phase diagrams, reaction equilibrium. Surface phenomena: surface tension, capillarity, properties of small particles, adsorption. Chemical kinetics: rate laws, reaction rates, mechanisms, catalysis, heterogeneous reactions. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CHE', '003956', 'UG', 'Bioprocess Engineering', 'Review of elementary aspects of microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetic engineering. Introduction of biological systems for the production of commercial goods and services, e.g., foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fuels, diagnostics, waste treatment, and biomaterials. Introduction to design of bioprocess systems, including biosafety and sustainability. Development of reaction kinetics associated with biological systems. Quantification of metabolism. Development of material balances for key constituents in bioreactors operated in different modes, e.g., batch, fed-batch, continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), perfusion, recycle. Introduction to mass and heat transfer considerations for bioreactors. Dynamic simulation of cultures defined by ordinary differential equations. Introduction of downstream processes associated with biological systems and recovery of biological products. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CHE', '003957', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics', 'Review of fundamentals, including 2nd law and concepts of equilibrium, phase and reaction equilibria, fugacity, exergy. Thermodynamics applied to practical situations. Examples chosen from: fluid flow; power generation; refrigeration; air conditioning and water cooling; liquefaction of gases; equilibria in complex chemical reactions and separation processes; surface phenomena; electrochemical reactions; biological processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'CHE', '003960', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Engineering', 'Review of stoichiometry and chemical kinetics. Homogeneous reactors: isothermal operation; batch; semi-batch; continuous tank; plug flow reactor design. Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) in series; plug flow reactor with recycle. Multiple reactions in reactor networks. Temperature effects in adiabatic and non-isothermal reactors. Yield, selectivity and optimal operation of reactors. Heterogeneous catalysis and effectiveness factors in two-phase reactors. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CHE', '003962', 'UG', 'Electrochemical Engineering', 'Topics and applications of electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. Industrial process examples. Environmental aspects. Ionic equilibria. Laws of electrolysis. Theory of electrolytes. Transport properties of electrolytes. Reversible cell potentials. Irreversible electrode processes. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of corrosion. Common examples of corrosion. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498', 'CHE', '003966', 'UG', 'Directed Research Project', 'Directed research project under the supervision of faculty members. Participation will give students experience in advanced research techniques, with valuable training for those potentially interested in graduate school or industrial research careers. Taken over and above normal course load. Good standing and permission of department required for registration. [Note: This course graded as CR/NCR. Offered: F, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'CHE', '003969', 'UG', 'Group Design Project and Symposium', 'Completion of the design project cycle started in CHE 482 and communication of the engineering design work. Submission of a written final report. Lecture-style technical presentation by group members. Poster-style technical presentation with group members available to discuss the project. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 482; 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CHE', '003970', 'UG', 'Elective Research Project', 'A major undergraduate research project carried out as a technical elective (TE) under the supervision of a faculty member. An oral presentation of results and a written report are the minimum requirements. Other requirements may be set by the faculty supervisor or department. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 398 or 399 or 498', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CHE', '003971', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 1', 'Introduction to basic methods and principles in chemical engineering. The fundamentals of engineering calculations (units and dimensions), behaviour of fluids, mass balances, processes, and process variables. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CHE', '003972', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 2', 'Development of chemical process analysis skills. Introduction to single- and multi-phase physical equilibria. Material and energy balances in reactive and non-reactive systems. Introduction to investigation and technical communication through laboratory experiments illustrating the physical principles discussed. (In the Winter term only: brief review of co-op fundamentals.) [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CHE', '003973', 'UG', 'Chemistry for Engineers', 'Chemical principles with applications in engineering. Stoichiometric calculations, properties of gases, properties of liquids and solutions, gas phase chemical equilibrium, ionic equilibrium in aqueous solution, oxidation-reduction reactions, chemical kinetics. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('514', 'CHE', '003997', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Petroleum Production', 'Fundamentals of surface chemistry, capillary pressure, and wettability. Petrophysics, measurement, and interpretation of electrical, capillary, and flow properties of reservoir rock. Hydrostatic pressure regimes and estimation of oil and gas reserves. Darcy''s law and modelling of steady-state and transient incompressible and compressible single-phase flow through porous media. Thermodynamics of petroleum fluids. Material balance for oil and gas reservoirs: subsurface withdrawal and primary production mechanisms. Oil well testing. Two-phase flow in oil reservoirs, relative permeability, Buckley-Leverett theory of linear water flooding and sweep efficiency. Introduction to enhanced oil recovery. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('522', 'CHE', '004002', 'UG', 'Advanced Process Dynamics and Control', 'State space methods. Sampled-data systems. Discrete systems. Transform methods. Multivariable control. Computer control. Closed-loop analysis. Design of controllers. Control of complex chemical systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'CHE', '004004', 'UG', 'Process Control Laboratory', 'Experiments on process dynamics, control, and simulation of processes. Time constant; step and frequency response; controller tuning; multivariable control strategies. Implementation using simulation systems, mainframe computer control, microcomputers. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('562', 'CHE', '004016', 'UG', 'Advanced Bioprocess Engineering', 'Application of process engineering principles to the design and operation of fermentation reactors which are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, brewing, and waste treatment industries. Aspects of mass transfer, heat transfer, mixing, and rheology with biochemical and biological constraints. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'CHE', '004018', 'UG', 'Food Process Engineering', 'Applications of unsteady and steady state heat and/or mass transfer operations to processing natural and texturized foods. Design and analysis of sterilization, low temperature preservation, concentration, separation and purification processes. Effects of formulation, additives and processing on organoleptic and nutritional quality. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('572', 'CHE', '004021', 'UG', 'Air Pollution Control', 'Nature and sources of air pollutants. Transport of pollutants and dispersion modeling for regulatory purposes. Design of industrial particulate capture systems using cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, filters, scrubbers. Design of organic compound emissions control using incineration, biofiltration, adsorption and absorption. Overview of NOx and SOx control. Indoor air quality assessment techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'CHE', '004023', 'UG', 'Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control', 'Primary focus is on the control and treatment of inorganic aqueous waste from chemical process industries. Waste minimization methods with specific examples such as rinsewater circuit design. Principles and design of treatment methods: chemical treatment, precipitation, coagulation and flocculation, ion exchange and membrane separation. Treatment of organic aqueous waste. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'CHEM', '004029', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry for Engineering', 'Bonding, structure, and nomenclature in organic chemistry. Physical properties and simple reactions associated with the important functional groups. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of BME 186, CHE 102, NE 121; Engineering students only. Coreq: CHEM 262L (for Chemical Engineering students only). Antireq: CHEM 264, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262L', 'CHEM', '004030', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory for Engineering Students', 'Selected experiments for engineering students taking CHEM 262. [Offered: F,W]', 'Coreq: CHEM 262 (for Engineering students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'CHEM', '004036', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 1', 'The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 120L. Successful completion of Grade 12 U Calculus and Vectors and Grade 12 U Chemistry or equivalent courses is recommended; Offered: F, W]', 'Antireq: CHEM 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120L', 'CHEM', '004037', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F,S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 120. Antireq: CHEM 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'CHEM', '004038', 'UG', 'Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter', 'A first-year Chemistry course for students in Chemistry-based programs. The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: CHEM 120', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'CHEM', '004039', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 121. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 120L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'CHEM', '004040', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 2', 'Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or CHE 102. Antireq: CHEM 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123L', 'CHEM', '004041', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is a continuation of CHEM 120L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Note: Students who are not taking, or who have not previously taken CHEM 123, will be removed from CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120L. Coreq: CHEM 123. Antireq: CHEM 125L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'CHEM', '004044', 'UG', 'Chemical Reactions, Equilibria and Kinetics', 'A first-year chemistry course for students in chemistry-based programs. Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility, and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 123', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125L', 'CHEM', '004045', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments for student taking CHEM 125. This course is a continuation of CHEM 121L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121L. Coreq: CHEM 125. Antireq: CHEM 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'CHEM', '004048', 'UG', 'Structure and Bonding', 'An introduction to the principles of chemical structure and bonding, with emphasis on their application to inorganic systems. Topics include atoms, orbitals, and periodicity; localized bonding models; symmetry and group theory; and molecular orbital theory. The subjects treated in this course are foundational components for advanced studies in all areas of chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHEM', '004052', 'UG', 'Intro Analytical Chemistry', 'Quantitative and analytical chemistry including ionic equilibria, classical and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220L', 'CHEM', '004053', 'UG', 'Quantitative Chemical Analysis Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 220. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Materials and Nanosciences, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (Biochemistry) students only. Coreq: CHEM 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CHEM', '004054', 'UG', 'Multi-Component Analysis', 'Instrumental analytical chemistry, including traditional and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220, 220L. Antireq: CHEM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224L', 'CHEM', '004058', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation Laboratory', 'Extensive lab experience for students who have taken CHEM 220. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220 and CHEM 220L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'CHEM', '004060', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Biochemistry', 'Chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, with special emphasis on representative proteins and enzymes, including hemoglobin, cytochrome c and chymotrypsin. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264 or 262; Honours Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science or Medicinal Chemistry. Antireq: CHEM 237, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CHEM', '004061', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry', 'An introduction to the chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Structure and properties of proteins and enzymes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266. Antireq: CHEM 233, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237L', 'CHEM', '004062', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 237. [Offered: W, S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250L', 'CHEM', '004063', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'This laboratory provides an introduction to physical chemistry experimentation. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics and employ a variety of important techniques, including spectroscopy, conductivity, and calorimetry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 140; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'CHEM', '004064', 'UG', 'Introductory Chemical Thermodynamics', 'An introduction to the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics and the application of these laws to ideal systems, mixtures, and chemical reactions. Thermodynamic principles are used to study changes in state, including phase changes, and to establish the link between the equilibrium constant and the properties of the substances involved in a chemical reaction. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; One of MATH 128, 138, 148; Honours students only. Antireq: PHYS 358, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'CHEM', '004067', 'UG', 'Introductory Quantum Mechanics', 'Historical background; the differential equation approach to quantum mechanics; treatments of solvable problems such as the particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and the hydrogen atom; introduction to approximation methods for more complicated systems. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 240, MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: PHYS 234', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'CHEM', '004068', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure and bonding in organic chemistry. Isomerism and stereoisomerism in organic compounds. Acidity of organic compounds and substituent effects on acidity. Reaction mechanisms and energetics. Chemistry of alkanes, haloalkanes, alcohols and ethers, alkenes and alkynes. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 262, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CHEM', '004069', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 2', 'Nucleophilic addition and substitution at CO carbon. Aromaticity and simple MO theory of conjugated systems. Electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Applications of spectroscopic techniques in organic chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265L', 'CHEM', '004070', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 265. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or CHEM 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (BIOCHEM) students only. Coreq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266', 'CHEM', '004071', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure, nomenclature, and reactions of important classes of organic compounds. Stereochemistry and its role in reaction mechanisms. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125. Antireq: CHEM 262, 264, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266L', 'CHEM', '004072', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking (or who have taken) CHEM 266. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L. Coreq: CHEM 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267', 'CHEM', '004073', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 2', 'A continuation of the concepts of CHEM 266, including material on amines, aromatics, enols and enolates, and nucleophilic addition and substitution at the carbonyl group. Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266, NE 122/222. Antireq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267L', 'CHEM', '004074', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 267. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 266L. Coreq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'CHEM', '004078', 'UG', 'Transition Element Compounds and Inorganic Materials', 'The inorganic, organic, and solid state chemistry of the d-block elements. The structure and physical properties of co-ordination compounds and transition metal containing solids. The role of transition metal organometallics in catalysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310L', 'CHEM', '004079', 'UG', 'Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Synthesis of transition and non-transition metal compounds. Characterization of compounds using IR, UV-VIS, and NMR spectroscopy. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L, CHEM 212; Honours Chemistry, Chemical Physics, or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'CHEM', '004083', 'UG', 'Main Group and Solid State Chemistry', 'This course provides a detailed examination of the structure and bonding in main group and solid state compounds, including valence bond and molecular orbital theory for describing electronic structures, Hueckel and extended Hueckel approximations. Structures of simple solids, including close packing of spheres and derived ionic lattice types; aspects of chemical crystallography, Bravais lattices, point groups, space groups, crystal planes, and X-ray diffraction; Ionic interactions in gases and solution; the thermodynamics of acid-base interactions; descriptive chemistry and characterization of main group element compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'CHEM', '004089', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation', 'Detailed study of selected instruments and instrumental methods. Introduction to chemometrics and to computer interfacing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 221 or 223; CHEM 224L; Level at least 3A Honours Science programs', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'CHEM', '004091', 'UG', 'Metabolism 1', 'Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHEM 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'CHEM', '004092', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students having completed or concurrently taking CHEM 331. Topics to be covered include: NMR, allostery, enzymology, electrophoresis, carbohydrates, lipids, photosynthesis, and respiration. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233L. Coreq: CHEM 331 or 333; CHEM 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'CHEM', '004093', 'UG', 'Chemical Kinetics', 'Basic chemical kinetics; treatment of kinetic data; complex reaction mechanisms; fast reactions; the canonical ensemble and the canonical partition function; statistical mechanics applied to chemistry; statistical theory of reaction rates. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; One of CHEM 240, MATH 227, MATH 228; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350L', 'CHEM', '004094', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'This advanced laboratory builds upon fundamental knowledge of physical chemistry gained in the introductory physical chemistry laboratory, CHEM 250L. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, and quantum mechanics. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 250L; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'CHEM', '004101', 'UG', 'Physical Biochemistry', 'The use of diffusion, ultracentrifugation, osmotic pressure, electrophoresis and X-ray diffraction to study the properties of biopolymers. Hyperbolic and allosteric enzyme kinetics, inhibition, and regulation. Some spectroscopies important to the life sciences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or 125, MATH 128; One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CHEM', '004107', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 3', 'Enolate alkylation, condensation, conjugate addition and pericyclic reactions. FMO theory, organometallics and transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360L', 'CHEM', '004108', 'UG', 'Senior Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected microscale synthetic experiments for students in Year Three Chemistry and Biochemistry programs, including spectroscopic identification of organic compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265, 265L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, or Medicinal Chemistry students only. Coreq: CHEM 360', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CHEM', '004110', 'UG', 'Organic Process Chemistry', 'This course is an introduction to the important aspects of Process Chemistry for the industrial production of pharmaceutically active organic compounds. Topics covered include: industrial organic synthesis and process design, scaling to kilogram quantities, green chemistry principles, process safety and hazard identification, industrial separation and purification, and meeting quality guidelines and regulations. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'CHEM', '004116', 'UG', 'Research Project 1', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'CHEM', '004117', 'UG', 'Research Project 2', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', 'Prereq: CHEM 392A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'CHEM', '004119', 'UG', 'Physicochemical Aspects of Natural Waters', 'Properties of water; chemicals in the environment; environmental fate of inorganic and organic pollutants; basic phenomena affecting the fate of water pollutants (vapor pressure; activity, solubility, partitioning, diffusion, sorption); acids and bases in water; dissolved carbon dioxide; trace metals in water. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'CHEM', '004150', 'UG', 'Metabolism 2', 'Properties and metabolism of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and biogenic amines. Biosynthesis and mode of action of selected cofactors. Structure-function relationships of enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'CHEM', '004151', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry', 'Nitrogen fixation. Assimilation of nitrogen. Amino acid metabolism. Metabolic regulation. Proteolytic enzymes, ubiquitin. Blood coagulation. Signal transduction and amplification. Biochemistry of nitric oxide. Biochemistry of vision. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CHEM', '004152', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Biochemistry', 'For a current list of offerings see the Undergraduate Officer. [Note: Instructor may elect to use the third lecture hour for a tutorial or not at all; Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or CHEM 333; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'CHEM', '004182', 'UG', 'Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry', 'Elucidation and identification of organic structures by contemporary spectroscopic techniques. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CHEM', '004190', 'UG', 'Introduction to Polymer Science', 'Basic definitions and polymer nomenclature, molecular weight distributions and averages, molecular weight measurements, step-growth and free radical chain-growth polymerization reactions, chain conformations, glass transition, crystallization, and mechanical properties of polymers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHE 541, MNS 322, NE 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('494A', 'CHEM', '004194', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'Laboratory work on a senior year research project. Enrolment into this course requires permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator. See the CHEM 494 coordinator for course details. No credit or grade will be provided for this course until the two-term sequence CHEM 494A/B has been completed. CHEM 494A/B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Geochemistry, or Materials & Nanosciences, or Medicinal Chemistry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'CHINA', '004201', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no prior background in writing, speaking, or understanding any dialect of the Chinese language to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: CHINA 101R is not open to speakers of any Chinese dialect.]', 'Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'CHINA', '004202', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 2', 'With the completion of the study of the rudiments of phonetics (as provided in CHINA 101R), the emphasis in this course shifts to grammar and character writing. Vocabulary will be expanded to between 500 and 700 words. [Note: CHINA 102R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CHINA 101R. Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'CHINA', '004203', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 1', 'Development of speaking, writing, reading, and listening skills. This course and its follow-up (CHINA 202R) include a survey of grammar, complex sentences, and logical stress.', 'Prereq: CHINA 102R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'CHINA', '004204', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 2', 'The study of Chinese characters receives more emphasis. Grammar instruction includes comparisons and different kinds of complements. The course includes topics of interest to students illustrating cultural differences between China and the West. Upon completion of CHINA 201R and 202R, the student should have a reading vocabulary of 1,600 Chinese characters and have learned about 300 key sentence patterns.', 'Prereq: CHINA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'CIVE', '004211', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 1', 'Three-dimensional force systems, moments, couples, and resultants. Three-dimensional equilibrium problems. Shear stresses in beams. Plastic bending. Beam deflection. Torsion of shafts and thin-walled closed sections. Shear, bending moment, and deflection diagrams for beams. Compound stress and stress transformations. Design concepts. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering or 2B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CIVE', '004212', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 2', 'Frames, arches and suspended structures. Stress and strain transformations. Strain energy. Energy methods. Virtual work. Buckling of columns. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 204, 221; 2B Civil Engineering or 3A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CIVE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'GEOE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'CIVE', '004215', 'UG', 'Differential Equations', 'An introduction to linear and partial differential equations. Standard methods of solution, applications to physical and engineering problems, linear equations with constant coefficients, basic systems of differential equations, partial differential equations. Applications. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 221; 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 218, ENVE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'CIVE', '004219', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Data analysis. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Estimation theory. Empirical determination of distribution models. Regression analysis. Introduction to risk. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, ENVE 224, GEOE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CIVE', '004221', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'A basic course in structure, behaviour, and uses of engineering materials. Topics include monotonic and cyclic stress-strain behaviour of metals. Phase diagrams. Diffusion, nucleation and growth of grains. Metallurgy and mechanical properties of irons and steels. Structure and mechanical properties of wood, cements, and concrete. Fracture, fatigue, and corrosion. Three lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 2A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'CIVE', '004222', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'An introduction to fluid mechanics. Fluid properties. Review of fluid statics. Buoyancy. Bernoulli equation. The momentum equation and applications. Laminar and turbulent flow. Dimensionless numbers. Closed conduit flow including friction losses. Pipe network analysis. Pump systems. Four lab sessions. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105, 221; Level at least 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 280', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'CIVE', '004227', 'UG', 'Structural Analysis', 'Analysis of statically indeterminate structures using force and displacement methods. Influence lines for indeterminate structures. Introduction to the matrix stiffness method. Computer applications using commercial structural analysis software. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'CIVE', '004228', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Solids 3', 'Membrane stresses in shells. Buckling. Beams on elastic foundations. Plane elasticity. Torsion of non-circular sections. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'CIVE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: CIVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Civil Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'GEOE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: GEOE 153 or ENVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Environmental or Geological Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'CIVE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'GEOE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: GEOE 353; Level at least 3B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'CIVE', '004235', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Principles', 'Water quality, air pollution, fate and transport of contaminants in natural and engineered systems, and pollution prevention. Solid and hazardous waste management. Water and wastewater treatment systems and design principles. Four lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, (CIVE 280 or GEOE 280); Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'CIVE', '004238', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students must undertake an independent civil engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a civil engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (CIVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, oral presentation, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, CIVE 401. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'CIVE', '004239', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of CIVE 400. The final design of the major civil engineering project proposed in CIVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in CIVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('505', 'CIVE', '004242', 'UG', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Dynamics of discrete and continuous structures. Free and forced vibrations of single and multi-degree of freedom systems. Shock loads, earthquake loads, response spectra. Analysis and design of frames for shock and earthquake loads. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (AE 303 or CIVE 303), (AE 223 or CIVE 222); Level at least 3B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('507', 'CIVE', '004243', 'UG', 'Building Science and Technology', 'The building process. Loadings; gravity, wind, thermal, moisture, and fire. Enclosure design; walls, windows, and roof. Subgrade construction. Energy related considerations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Architectural Engineering or 4B Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('413', 'CIVE', '004244', 'UG', 'Structural Steel Design', 'Advanced coverage of design of structural steel members and connections, building on CIVE 310. Design of laterally-unsupported beams, compression members and beam-columns. Plate girders. Connections. Special topics in design of structural steel or other metals. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'CIVE', '004245', 'UG', 'Structural Concrete Design', 'Advanced analysis and design of concrete members for flexure. Beam shear analysis and design. D-region shear design. Column design. Special topics. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'CIVE', '004246', 'UG', 'Structural System Design', 'Building loads. Lateral load systems. Floor systems for buildings. Composite construction. Introduction to bridge design. Special topics.[Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AE 310 or CIVE 310), CIVE 413, 414; 4B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'CIVE', '004247', 'UG', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'This course focuses on the development of the basic fundamentals of finite element method with applications in fluid flow, mass transport, solid mechanics and structures. Topics include discrete problems, matrix methods, variational principle, method of weighted residuals, element shapes, and interpolation functions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AE 223 or CIVE 222 or ENVE 223 or GEOE 223; 4B Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ME 559.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CIVE', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 241; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'PLAN', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 342 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('542', 'CIVE', '004250', 'UG', 'Pavement Structural Design', 'Pavement design, soil identification, subgrade design, base courses, flexible pavement design, design and testing of asphaltic concrete mixes, surface treatments. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'CIVE', '004251', 'UG', 'Traffic Simulation Modelling and Applications', 'Fundamental knowledge on the principles and applications of traffic simulations. System theory, traffic flow dynamics, stochastic simulation methods. Calibration and validation of simulation models, and interpretation and analysis of simulation output. Applications of state-of-the-art computer simulation software packages for solving real traffic engineering problems, involving scenario analysis, prediction, and optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 224, 341; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'CIVE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'GEOE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'ME', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Biomedical, Mechanical, Mechatronics, or Systems Design Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'CIVE', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105 or ME 219 or SYDE 286', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'CIVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 382; 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'ENVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 382; 4B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'CIVE', '004259', 'UG', 'Engineering Law and Ethics', 'Background (Charter of Rights and Freedoms), contracts, torts (negligent malpractice), forms of carrying on business, professional practice (professional engineers act, joint practice rules, professional misconduct and sexual harassment), alternate dispute resolution, construction liens, intellectual property (patents, trade marks, copyrights and industrial designs), labour relations and employment law, environmental law. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering. Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, BUS 231W, COMM 231, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'CIVE', '004261', 'UG', 'Construction Engineering', 'Topics in construction engineering and management including methods of delivering construction, contractual relationships, prevailing construction practices, construction equipment, concrete form design, concrete, steel, and masonry construction, introduction to trenchless technology, construction safety, planning and scheduling of repetitive construction, cash flow analysis, and construction project control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CLAS', '004262', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Classical Studies', 'An introduction to Greek and Roman civilization, focusing on six key aspects of the discipline of classical studies: history, literature, philosophy, myth and religion, art and architecture, and classical archaeology.', 'Prereq: No more than 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'CLAS', '004266', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Greece', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Greece. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, culture wars, sports, art, myth, and history, to sex, slavery, and social justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'CLAS', '004267', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Rome', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Roman world. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, family roles, myth, and history, to sex scandals, slavery, gladiatorial games, and mystery cults.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CLAS', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'HIST', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'CLAS', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'HIST', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CLAS', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'MEDVL', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'CLAS', '004287', 'UG', 'Sex and Gender in the Ancient World', 'This course examines a variety of issues around sexuality and gender relations in antiquity, including sexual mores and behaviours; literary, artistic, and philosophical constructs of gender; the roots of misogyny; and the legal and social restrictions placed on women in most ancient societies.', 'Prereq: One course in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'CLAS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'RS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'CLAS', '004300', 'UG', 'Science and Technology of Ancient Greece and Rome', 'A study of scientific thought and achievements in such areas as astronomy, biology, anatomy, and medicine, and of the technological skills which produced and distributed raw materials, manufactured goods, and agricultural products.', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 201, 202, 251, 252 or a first year Engineering course or a first year CHEM/EARTH/PHYS course or a second year BIOL/SCI course', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'CLAS', '004301', 'UG', 'Classical Studies Abroad', 'This course features a combination of academic study and first-hand investigation of museums and ancient sites, normally in Greece and/or Italy. [Note: This is a concentrated study course (block format) normally offered in a spring term. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. This course incurs extra costs for the student above and beyond the registration fee in the form of travel, room and board, and incidental costs.]', 'Prereq: At least 1.5 units in CLAS and/or GRK and/or LAT', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'CLAS', '004315', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Students wishing to undertake a senior honours thesis in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'CLAS', '004316', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Continuation of the Senior Honours Thesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CLAS', '004317', 'UG', 'Directed Study', 'Under exceptional circumstances, and only with the prior approval of the department, a student may substitute an individualized course of study at the senior level. Such circumstances might include, for example, the student''s participation in an approved archaeological dig. For further details, consult the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CROAT', '004344', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 1', 'For students with little or no knowledge of Croatian. The basic elements of Croatian grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation.\n[Note: CROAT 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CROAT', '004346', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 2', 'A continuation of CROAT 101. [Note: CROAT 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CROAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CS', '004360', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computing Through Applications', 'Using personal computers as effective problem solving tools for the present and the future. Effective use of spreadsheets to process, manipulate, and visualize numeric and textual information. Introduction to the Internet, World Wide Web, HTML, and XML. Algorithms underlying the functional components of web search engines and their influence on data access. Using wikis to publish, reshape, and organize data collaboratively. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Mathematics,Biomedical,Chemical,Civil,Computer & Electrical,Environmental,Geological,Management,Mechanical,Mechatronics,Nanotechnology & Systems Design Eng students. Antireq: All second,third or fourth year CS courses or equivalents', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CS', '004372', 'UG', 'Concepts for Advanced Computer Usage', 'Important concepts underlying major personal computer application categories; methodologies for learning and evaluating software; operating system and hardware design from the user''s point of view, with implications for maintaining a personal computer. Students are encouraged to use their own personal computer for assignments. Social media and the effect of technology on society are explored throughout the course. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Computer Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CS', '004374', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computers and Computer Systems', 'Basic computer architecture, organization, system services, and software. Typology of processors, memory, I/O devices, and their performance. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 292/393, CS 241, 251, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'CS', '004375', 'UG', 'Data Types and Structures', 'Top-down design of data structures. Using representation-independent data types. Introduction to commonly used data types, including lists, sets, mappings, and trees. Selection of data representation. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 122, CS 240, ECE 250, MSCI 240, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'CS', '004377', 'UG', 'Data Structures and Data Management', 'Introduction to widely used and effective methods of data organization, focusing on data structures, their algorithms, and the performance of these algorithms. Specific topics include priority queues, sorting, dictionaries, data structures for text processing. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212), (one of CS 241, 246, 247), (one of STAT 206, 230, 240); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 122, CS 234, ECE 250, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CS', '004378', 'UG', 'Foundations of Sequential Programs', 'The relationship between high-level languages and the computer architecture that underlies their implementation, including basic machine architecture, assemblers, specification and translation of programming languages, linkers and loaders, block-structured languages, parameter passing mechanisms, and comparison of programming languages. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. CS 251 is a recommended corequisite. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 138 or 246) or (a grade of 85% or higher in one of CS 136 or 146); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 230, ECE 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'CS', '004380', 'UG', 'Object-Oriented Software Development', 'Introduction to object-oriented programming and to tools and techniques for software development. Designing, coding, debugging, testing, and documenting medium-sized programs: reading specifications and designing software to implement them; selecting appropriate data structures and control structures; writing reusable code; reusing existing code; basic performance issues; debuggers; test suites. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 146 or a grade of 60% or higher in CS 136 or 138; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CS 247, MSCI 342, SYDE 322', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CS', '004382', 'UG', 'Computer Organization and Design', 'Overview of computer organization and performance. Basics of digital logic design. Combinational and sequential elements. Data representation and manipulation. Basics of processor design. Pipelining. Memory hierarchies. Multiprocessors. [Note: Students enrolled in Digital Hardware Specialization should enrol in ECE 222. Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 136, 138, 146; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 292/393, ECE 222, ME 262, MTE 262, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'STAT', '004384', 'UG', 'Introduction to Statistical Problem Solving', 'This is an applications oriented course which prepares the nonmathematical student to use statistical software as a research tool. Topics include aids for statistical analysis and the preparation of documents such as reports and theses. The course provides sufficient background for application to other problems specific to the individual''s field. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, SDS 250R, KIN 232, PSCI 214/314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC/LS 280, any STAT course; Not open to Honours Mathematics students. Antireq: STAT 331, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CS', '004385', 'UG', 'Management Information Systems', 'An introduction to information systems and their strategic role in business. Topics include types of information systems, organizational requirements, systems development strategies, decision support systems, data and information management, and information systems management, control and implementation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 106, 116, 136, 138, 146; Level at least 2B; Not open to\nComputer Science students. Antireq: AFM 241, BUS 415W, 486W, CS 480/490,\nMSCI 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'CS', '004390', 'UG', 'Computer Applications in Business: Databases', 'A user-oriented approach to the management of large collections of data. Methods used for the storage, selection, and presentation of data. Common database management systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 231, 234, 246, 330; or (AFM 341 and (CS 116 or CS 136 or CS 146)); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 348, 448, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'CS', '004392', 'UG', 'Algorithms', 'The study of efficient algorithms and effective algorithm design techniques. Program design with emphasis on pragmatic and mathematical aspects of program efficiency. Topics include divide and conquer algorithms, recurrences, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, graph search and backtrack, problems without algorithms, NP-completeness and its implications. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 231, ECE 406', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CS', '004398', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Theory of Computing', 'Models of computers including finite automata and Turing machines. Basics of formal languages with applications to the syntax of programming languages. Alternate characterizations of language classes. Proving unrecognizability. Unsolvable problems and their relevance to the semantics of programming. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240, 241 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CS', '004400', 'UG', 'Numerical Computation', 'Principles and practices of basic numerical computation as a key aspect of scientific computation. Visualization of results. Approximation by splines, fast Fourier transforms, solution of linear and nonlinear equations, differential equations, floating point number systems, error, stability. Presented in the context of specific applications to image processing, analysis of data, scientific modeling. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148), (one of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146), (one of CS 231, 234, 241, 246). Antireq: AMATH 242/CS 371, CHE 121, CIVE 121, CS 335, ECE 204, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CS', '004404', 'UG', 'Applications Software Engineering', 'An investigation into the role and function of software engineering practice in the construction of computer based systems. Topics include: requirements and specification; documentation techniques; analysis and design; implementation; testing and maintenance; management issues. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 330; Level at least 3A; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 446/ECE 452, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'CS', '004407', 'UG', 'Networks and Distributed Computer Systems', 'An introduction to networks, protocols, and distributed systems. Layered models, resource management, naming, addressing and routing, reliable communication, security, and higher-level services. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 241, 246, 251; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 454, 456, ECE 428, 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'STAT', '004408', 'UG', 'Stochastic Simulation Methods', 'Random variate generation in the univariate and multivariate case, Monte Carlo integration, advanced computer implementation, variance reduction, statistical analysis of simulated data, extensions to challenging simulation problems. Mathematical treatment of the underlying stochastic concepts and proofs. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of CS 116, 136, 138, 145, SYDE 221/322) and (STAT 230 with a grade of at least 60% or STAT 240) and (STAT 231 or 241)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CS', '004410', 'UG', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CS', '004412', 'UG', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('445', 'CS', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'ECE', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'CS', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ECE', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'CS', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ECE', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348', 'CS', '004417', 'UG', 'Introduction to Database Management', 'The main objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of database technology by studying databases from three viewpoints: those of the database user, the database designer, and the database administrator. It teaches the use of a database management system (DBMS) by treating it as a black box, focusing only on its functionality and its interfaces. Topics include introduction to database systems, relational database systems, database design methodology, SQL and interfaces, database application development, concept of transactions, ODBC, JDBC, database tuning, database administration, and current topics (distributed databases, data warehouses, data mining). [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: CS 240. Antireq: CS 338, ECE 356, 456, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CS', '004418', 'UG', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology, and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency, and resource utilization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212) and (CS 350 or SE 350); Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 320, ECE 429', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CS', '004419', 'UG', 'Real-time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CS', '004420', 'UG', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'CS', '004422', 'UG', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work.]', 'Prereq: (CS 246 or 247) and (one of STAT 206, 231, 241); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'CS', '004424', 'UG', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars --Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars -- normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', 'Prereq: CS 360 or 365; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CS', '004426', 'UG', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Algorithmic approaches and methods of assessment that reflect a broad spectrum of criteria, including randomized algorithms, amortized analysis, lower bounds, approximation algorithms, and on-line algorithms. Particular examples will be chosen from different areas of active research and application. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'CS', '004433', 'UG', 'Information Systems Management', 'The integration of business and technical considerations in the design, implementation and management of information systems. Topics include: IS planning and development; business, management, executive, and strategic information systems, including case studies of selected large- scale systems; decision support systems; end-user training and development; systems security, disaster planning and recovery. Practical examples of information systems in industry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: BUS\n415W, 486W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'CS', '004434', 'UG', 'Computational Techniques in Biological Sequence Analysis', 'Computer science principles and algorithms in biological sequence analysis. Topics include algorithms for sequence comparison, for large-scale database search in biological databases, for sequence assembly, for evolutionary tree reconstruction, for identifying important features in DNA and RNA sequences, and underlying computational techniques for understanding strings and trees and for making probabilistic inferences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 341, STAT 241 or at least 60% in STAT 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'CS', '004435', 'UG', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Knowledge representation and reasoning. Planning. Reasoning about uncertainty. Machine learning. Multi-agent systems. Natural language processing. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: STAT 206 or 231 or 241.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'CS', '004436', 'UG', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 231 or 234 or 240; Honours Mathematics only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'CS', '004437', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341 and (CS 350 or SE 350) and (CS 370 or 371); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CS', '004438', 'UG', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499R', 'CS', '004444', 'UG', 'Readings in Computer Science', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'THPERF', '004660', 'UG', 'Theatre and Performance in Context', 'Students experience, analyze, and interpret a range of works of theatre and performance. Close attention is paid to the original circumstances in which these works were produced, the ways in which they have reflected and influenced the communities that produced them, and their relevance to current performance practice and research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'THPERF', '004661', 'UG', 'Introduction to Theatre', 'This course introduces students to processes of theatre creation including textual analysis, conceptual development, design, rehearsal, production, performance, audience engagement, and self-evaluation. Students develop original productions of influential works while paying close attention to the works'' relevance and issues such as race, gender, and sustainability. [Note: Prior experience in theatre-making is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'THPERF', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'SPCOM', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'THPERF', '004663', 'UG', 'Performing Text', 'Students explore techniques to analyze, interpret, and perform texts.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'THPERF', '004664', 'UG', 'Performing the Body', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'SPCOM', '004665', 'UG', 'Public Speaking', 'Theory and practice of public speaking. A workshop course involving design and delivery of various kinds of speeches, and the development of organizational, vocal, listening, and critical skills. Students will be videotaped. [Note: Must attend first class. May be subject to priority enrolment.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'SPCOM', '004666', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Communication', 'Focuses on the one-to-one, face-to-face communication in both the personal and professional realms. Such topics as verbal and non-verbal interactions, listening, and the better management of interpersonal communication will be studied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'SPCOM', '004667', 'UG', 'Interviewing', 'Theory and practice of interviewing. A workshop course which teaches theory, design, and presentation of interviews. Videotaping student exercises will enhance interview design and delivery, as well as listening and critical skills.', 'Prereq: (For Mathematics students) one of EMLS 101R, 102R, EMLS/ENGL 129R, ENGL 109, SPCOM 100, SPCOM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'THPERF', '004668', 'UG', 'Technical Production 1', 'Students develop basic proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('244', 'THPERF', '004669', 'UG', 'Technical Production 2', 'Students develop intermediate proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project, normally a departmental production.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'THPERF', '004678', 'UG', 'Performance Creation', 'Students study, apply, and critique a range of processes for making performance in a range of media, paying close attention to the relationship between the approach to creation and the significance of works in the communities where they are performed.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'THPERF', '004680', 'UG', 'Production Participation 3', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'THPERF', '004681', 'UG', 'Production Participation 4', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ENGL', '004682', 'UG', 'Early Modern Worlds on Stage', 'This course explores plays from the English Renaissance in their historical and theatrical contexts. Topics may include playhouses and staging, censorship, and collaboration.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'THPERF', '004688', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with Text', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to acting in traditions emphasizing the text as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'THPERF', '004689', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with the Body', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to performance in traditions emphasizing the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'SPCOM', '004691', 'UG', 'Small Group Communication', 'A workshop course which works from theory to develop the skills to work in groups effectively. The principles of group dynamics, leadership, and conflict resolution will be studied and implemented in small group meetings and presentations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'THPERF', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'SPCOM', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'THPERF', '004698', 'UG', 'Stage Management', 'Students explore approaches to stage management for theatre and performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'THPERF', '004706', 'UG', 'Approaches to Directing', 'Exploration of the director''s task in its practical, theoretical, and historical aspects.', 'Prereq: THPERF 200, 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'THPERF', '004708', 'UG', 'Performance History', 'This course explores significant case studies in performance history drawn from the earliest historical records of performance to recent performance events in a variety of social contexts. Close attention is paid to historiographical research methods and the ways they determine our understanding of the past.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('406', 'THPERF', '004715', 'UG', 'Production Participation 7', 'Students work at an advanced, independent level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to create and reflect upon a major, collaborative performance project. Students engage in all areas of project creation, including research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'THPERF', '004716', 'UG', 'Production Participation 8', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'THPERF', '004723', 'UG', 'Selected Seminars in Drama & Theatre Arts', 'Seminars in special areas of drama and theatre. [Note: Formerly DRAMA 490. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'SPCOM', '004739', 'UG', 'Organizational Communication', 'This course examines organizational theory, the communication process, and the interplay between the two. Students will develop the skills to identify, analyze, and solve a variety of organizational communication problems through case study group work and other workshop-style methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'THPERF', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SPCOM', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'THPERF', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SPCOM', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'DUTCH', '004742', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 1', 'The basic elements of Dutch grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation. Introduction to aspects of Dutch culture. [Note: DUTCH 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'DUTCH', '004743', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 2', 'A continuation of DUTCH 101. [Note: DUTCH 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: DUTCH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'ECE', '004750', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Programming', 'Software design process in a high-level programming environment. Programming fundamentals, language syntax, simple data types, control constructs, functions, parameter passing, recursion, classes, arrays and lists, list traversals, introduction to searching and sorting algorithms, basic object-oriented design, polymorphism and inheritance, simple testing and debugging strategies, pointers and references, basic memory management. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 121, MTE 121/GENE 121, NE 113, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'ECE', '004752', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods', 'Application of computational methods to engineering problems. Number systems, errors and error propagation. Roots of nonlinear equations. Introduction to numerical linear algebra. Interpolation and numerical integration. Introduction to numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, optimization. Emphasis will be placed on algorithm development. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: AMATH 342, CS 370, 371, ECE 204A, 204B, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'ECE', '004755', 'UG', 'Digital Computers', 'Computer organization. Memory units, control units, I/O operations. Assembly language programming, translation and loading. Arithmetic logic units. Computer case studies. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ECE 124; (CS 115 or 135 or 137 or 145 or ECE 150); Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering or Computer Science/Digital Hardware Option', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ECE', '004759', 'UG', 'Algorithms and Data Structures', 'Data structures, abstract data types, recursive algorithms, algorithm analysis, sorting and searching, and problem-solving strategies. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 234, 240, 341, SE 240', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'MTE', '004767', 'UG', 'Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer', 'Macroscopic approach to energy analysis. Energy transfer as work and heat, and the First Law of thermodynamics. Properties and states of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume analysis. The essence of entropy, and the Second Law of thermodynamics. The Carnot cycle and its implications for practical cyclic devices. Introduction to heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. Basic formulation and solution of steady and transient problems. Issues relevant to the cooling of electrical devices. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MTE 202, 203; Level at least 3A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: SYDE 381', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ECE', '004769', 'UG', 'Communication Systems', 'Introduction to random processes, power spectral density. Thermal noise and the white noise model. Amplitude and angle modulation, generation and detection schemes. Sampling and reconstruction, quantization. Digital baseband transmission. Overview of digital passband communications. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ECE 203, 207, (ECE 205 or MATH 211); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ECE', '004779', 'UG', 'Analog Control Systems', 'Introduction to control systems. Advantages of closed-loop feedback systems. The role of the system mathematical model. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs. The basic control system design problem, stability in control systems. Frequency response analysis techniques. Root-locus analysis. Elementary lead-lag compensation. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 207; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213; Level at least 3A Software Engineering). Antireq: ME 360, MTE 360, SE 380, SYDE 352', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ECE', '004784', 'UG', 'Digital Signal Processing', 'Fourier representations in discrete and continuous time. Discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform algorithms. Sampling theory. Sampling and quantization errors. Transform analysis of linear time-invariant systems. Filter design. Discrete Hilbert transform. Introduction to filter banks and discrete wavelet transform. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (Level at least 3B Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213, STAT 206; Level at least 3B Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 413', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'ECE', '004785', 'UG', 'Wireless Communications', 'Overview of wireless communications including standards. Characterization of mobile radio propagation channels. Signal representations. Transmission and reception techniques for wireless channels. Fundamentals of cellular communications and multiple-access schemes. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 306, 318, Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ECE', '004786', 'UG', 'Digital Hardware Systems', 'Design and modelling of digital hardware systems using a hardware description language. Development process. Impact of implementation technologies. Performance analysis and optimization. Functional verification. Timing analysis. Power analysis and optimization. Faults and testability. Reliability and fault tolerance.[Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 222 or MTE 241); (ECE 124 or MTE 262) or (SYDE 192 and SYDE 192L); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering or Software Engineering or Systems Design Eng or Computer Science/Digital Hdw Op', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ECE', '004801', 'UG', 'Distributed Computing', 'Principles of distributed computing; architectures and middleware; servers, processes, and virtualization; upper-layer network protocols, interprocess communication and remote procedure calling; concurrency, synchronization and distributed algorithms, dependable distributed systems and fault tolerance. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 252 or SE 350); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering. Coreq: ECE 358 Software Engineering only. Antireq: CS 454, 654', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'ECE', '004802', 'UG', 'Embedded Software', 'Concepts, theory, tools, and practice to understand, design, and write embedded software. This course covers computing elements, structures in embedded software, resource access protocols, uniprocessor scheduling, programming-language support, languages for MDD (model-driven development), worst-case execution time analysis, and overview of embedded distributed systems. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 350 or SE 350; Level at least 4A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering or Software Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ECE', '004806', 'UG', 'Design & Applications of Power Electronic Converters', 'Principles of power conditioning. Switching characteristics of power semiconductor devices. Computer simulation of power electronic circuits. Analysis, design, and applications of power converters. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering. Antireq: MTE 420', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'ECE', '004807', 'UG', 'High Voltage Engineering and Power System Protection', 'The course provides the fundamentals concepts of generation and measurements of high voltage ac, dc, and impulses. Briefly introduces the students to basic conduction and breakdown mechanisms of insulating materials. The scope of this course also includes understanding the basic protection system, studying the principles for protecting different elements and studying different technologies used in designing protective relays. Exposure to several state-of-art high voltage testing techniques of power system components will ensure that students have knowledge of the industrial solutions to the management of the problems associated with overvoltage and the protection mechanisms used. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ECE', '004811', 'UG', 'Radio and Wireless Systems', 'Modern transmitter and receiver architectures, Noise and linearity in radio and wireless systems, Design considerations of RF/microwave subsystems, radio and wireless system designs, CAD tools for radio and wireless systems, Antennas, Radio wave propagation models, Indoor radio, Satellite communication, Personal communication systems (PCSs). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 375 and (ECE 206 or MATH 212); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ECE', '004813', 'UG', 'Digital Control Systems', 'Performance specifications for design. Dynamic system modelling and basic system identification. Dealing with basic nonlinear effects. Sampled data systems. Discrete-time system stability and dynamic performance. Digital control system design: emulation methods, z-domain, frequency domain, pole placement. Implementation of digital controllers. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 380 or MTE 360 or SYDE 352; Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Systems Design Engineering) or (ECE 207, SE 380; Level at least 4A Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 484', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'ECE', '004816', 'UG', 'Robot Dynamics and Control', 'Introduction to the study of robotics focusing on the mechanics and control of serial manipulators. Topics include rigid body motion, forward and inverse kinematics, differential kinematics, forward and inverse dynamics, trajectory generation, motion planning, and feedback control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq:(ECE 380;Level at least 4A Comp or Elect Eng)or(SE 380;Level at least 4A Software Eng)or(MTE 360;Level at least 4A Mechatronics Eng)or(ME 360;Level at least 4A Mech Eng/Mechtr Opt)or(SYDE 352;Level at least 4A Sys Design Eng).Antireq:ME 547', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'EARTH', '004819', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences', 'This course will provide students with the foundational knowledge to become earth science literate, understanding Earth''s influence on humans and human influence on the Earth. Students will learn to think like a geoscientist by adopting four ways of thinking that take into account a systems approach, a variety of spatial and temporal scales, and field thinking. Systematically learning about rocks, geological time, natural resources, natural hazards, and water in this course will prepare students to address many challenges currently facing society and to identify future potential opportunities. [Note: EARTH 121L is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Antireq: CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'EARTH', '004820', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 121. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 121 lectures. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'EARTH', '004821', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences', 'This course presents a broad overview of earth system processes and their influence on humans. Course emphasis is placed on anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, the impacts of geologic, biologic, and atmospheric processes on humans, and the effects of human activities on the environment. Course topics include sustainable development and the availability and use of natural resources, principles of ecology and environmental science, biogeochemical cycles, climate and climate change, soils and food supply, energy systems, surface water and groundwater, waste generation and management, pollution, and catastrophic natural processes. [Note: EARTH 122L is recommended. Offered: W]', 'Antireq: ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'EARTH', '004822', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 122. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 122 lectures. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'EARTH', '004823', 'UG', 'Introductory Hydrology', 'This course is intended to provide students with a practical overview of the hydrologic cycle and all of the interesting ways water flows and interacts with its environment, both surface and subsurface. The material is both qualitative and quantitative in nature and focuses on the circulation of water through the atmosphere, soil, groundwater aquifers, as well as looking at both the global fresh and marine water systems. Emphasis is placed on the physical aspects of hydrology, and the geologic and environmental factors that control the occurrence and cycling of water on Earth, as well as the impacts caused by population growth, contamination, urbanization or land use management, and climate change. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'EARTH', '004826', 'UG', 'Introductory Geochemistry', 'Origin, abundance, and geochemistry of elements. Introduction to environmental isotope geochemistry and radiometric dating. Basic aqueous geochemistry: pH, carbonate equilibrium, and common ions in natural waters. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123, 125 or level at least 2A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'EARTH', '004827', 'UG', 'Field Methods in Hydrology', 'This course consists of field exercises and lectures designed to provide students with practical hands-on experience conducting a variety of hydrological monitoring techniques. Emphasis will be placed on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of field measurements. Field exercises will cover groundwater, surface water, meteorological, and water quality. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 123; Antireq: EARTH 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'EARTH', '004828', 'UG', 'Mineralogy', 'This course provides a systematic study of the physical and chemical properties of the major rock-forming silicate minerals. Study of mineral chemistry, the internal geometry of crystalline solids and the interrelationship of crystal structure to the physical and chemical properties of minerals. Laboratory work focuses on observing and evaluating the physical properties of minerals and rocks in hand sample in order to identity them. This course includes a weekend field trip to Bancroft, Ontario. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), EARTH 153, CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'EARTH', '004829', 'UG', 'Introductory Petrography', 'This course provides an introduction to the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Overview of textural, mineralogical, and chemical classification schemes for rocks. Introduction to silicate phase equilibria and the use of mineral stability diagrams to understand petrogenetic processes. Major relationships between tectonic setting and rock types. Laboratory work focuses on using a transmitted light microscope to study the optic properties of minerals in order to identify them as well as observe rock textures and interpret geological histories. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: EARTH 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'EARTH', '004830', 'UG', 'Stratigraphic Approaches to Understanding Earth''s History', 'An introduction to stratigraphic principles and methods used in deciphering geological history. Techniques of collecting surface and subsurface geologic data and representation of stratigraphic data. Procedures applicable to the classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units using the North American Stratigraphic Code. The development of stratigraphic sequences as controlled by global and regional tectonics and sea level fluctuations. Interrelating aspects of Earth''s physical, chemical, and biological history. Examples are drawn primarily from Canadian geology. Laboratory work will include construction and interpretation of various types of learning media such as traditional maps, cross sections, new physical and digital models, as well as extended reality. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'EARTH', '004832', 'UG', 'Introductory Structural Geology', 'Concepts of stress and strain; elementary rock mechanics; description and classification of folds, faults, foliations, lineations and joints; use of primary structures; introduction to geometrical analysis. Labs will emphasize geometrical problems, including geological maps and cross sections, and stereographic projection. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (EARTH 121 and 121L) or EARTH 153/CIVE 153/GEOE 153/ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'EARTH', '004833', 'UG', 'Introductory Applied Geophysics', 'Applied geophysics provides geoscientists with a wide-range of non-invasive methods for characterizing the Earth''s interior. This course is an introduction to the physical principles underlying field acquisition, processing, and data interpretation for commonly used applied geophysical techniques (seismic, electrical, electromagnetic induction, gravity, and magnetic methods). This course is not only pertinent for geoscientists but also for engineers and others interested in learning how physics can be used to explore the Earth''s interior or perform non-destructive testing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'EARTH', '004835', 'UG', 'Volcanology and Igneous Petrology', 'Principles and theories of the origins of volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks. Topics include the physics and chemistry of magma; igneous hazards and implications; magmatic differentiation; and igneous tectonic associations. Laboratories focus on the identification, description, and classification of igneous rocks [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'EARTH', '004836', 'UG', 'Metamorphic Petrology', 'Principles and theories of metamorphic rock genesis. Topics include static and dynamic metamorphism, recrystallization, metamorphic facies, thermodynamic equilibrium, metasomatism, and metamorphic signatures of global tectonics. Laboratories focus on the description, classification, and interpretation of metamorphic rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'EARTH', '004837', 'UG', 'Introductory Sedimentology', 'An introduction to sediment properties, sedimentation processes, and sedimentary deposits in a variety of depositional environments and climatic conditions. Processes affecting sediments after initial deposition, such as those involved in the transformation of sediments into sedimentary rocks are also examined. Laboratories will focus on the different methods to describe and interpret sediments and sedimentary rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'EARTH', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'BIOL', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'EARTH', '004839', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and GIS Applications', 'An introduction of geomorphology with emphasis on landscape-forming processes. Characteristics and development of various landforms (e.g. mountain belts, volcanoes, impact craters, and those created by erosion/deposition of rivers/glaciers) are introduced. Skills for interpreting landforms in air photos or satellite images (in Google Earth or ArcGIS) are practised in the lab work. Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Earth Sciences. Basic concepts of GIS and GIS applications in mineral exploration industry and in fieldwork are introduced. Laboratory work of GIS involves map construction and spatial analysis (e.g., landslide hazard assessment). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122, CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153, SCI 250', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'EARTH', '004841', 'UG', 'Water: Data to Decisions', 'This course explores approaches for interpreting environmental data to support water decisions using theoretical and computational techniques. These approaches focus on statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, probability, hypothesis testing, frequency and time series analyses, point patterns, and correlation and regression, and also include discussion of analytical and numerical approaches. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 121, EARTH 123, and EARTH 221. Antireq: EARTH 491 (Topic: Data to Decisions) taken winter 2021', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'EARTH', '004842', 'UG', 'Earth System Science', 'Study of the Earth as a system, with a focus on global climate history and dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, and the impacts of human activity. Critical analysis and synthesis are emphasized in the context of group presentations and discussions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122; EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'EARTH', '004848', 'UG', 'Methods in Geological Mapping', 'Field study in Sudbury and Whitefish Falls areas. Held for at least nine days at end of the winter term. Geological and geotechnical field techniques, map construction, and report writing. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply to all students. Depending on availability of space, EARTH 390 is also open to students who do not require this course in their plan. There will be an additional fee for such students. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 235. Coreq: EARTH 238, 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'EARTH', '004849', 'UG', 'Advanced Geochemistry', 'The application of chemical thermodynamics to geochemical problems. Development of the three laws of thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy and equilibria constants. Introduction to various topics in aqueous geochemistry such as mineral equilibria, ion exchange, and redox equilibria. Laboratory session will involve various experiments related to mineral solubility, chemical kinetics, acid-base equilibria, and chemical modelling. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'EARTH', '004854', 'UG', 'Advanced Structural Geology', 'Stress and strain; deformational behaviour of rocks; origin of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults; geometrical and kinematic analysis; relationships of structures from the microscopic to the megascopic scale. Labs will include simple experiments, advanced geometrical problems and observation and measurement of microstructure and fabric. [Note: EARTH 332 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436A', 'EARTH', '004855', 'UG', 'Thesis Proposal', 'The first term of a potential two-term supervised research project in which students prepare a research proposal and conduct research. Students will present their research proposal in an oral presentation and written report. [Note: In order to progress to a two-term project via EARTH 436B, a grade of 75% must be achieved in this course; Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A; Honours Earth Sciences, Environmental Science - Geoscience Specialization, and Geochemistry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436B', 'EARTH', '004856', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis', 'An optional second term of a two-term supervised research project in which students learn to gather and interpret data. Students will present their findings in a formal presentation and written thesis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 436A with a grade of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437', 'EARTH', '004857', 'UG', 'Rock Mechanics', 'Stress, strain and strength in geomaterials. Origins of stress and stress measurement methods, including hydraulic fracture and strain relief. Rock Mechanics principles and design procedures in areas of mining, civil engineering and petroleum engineering. Monitoring methods, including introduction to microseismic surveillance. Course includes laboratory and project work. [Note: Prerequisites are not listed for this course which is highly suitable for interested Engineering and Science students. However, some background in engineering, materials science, mechanics or structural geology is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'EARTH', '004858', 'UG', 'Engineering Geology', 'Review of basic concepts in engineering geology as applied to rock and soil, including material properties, variability in properties, external factors such as stress, and evaluation of design adequacy. Site investigation and characterization techniques used to define and characterize the properties of geological materials and their use in selected engineering geologic design and construction problems. Laboratory assignments will focus on the determination of physical properties and site assessment problems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'EARTH', '004859', 'UG', 'Flow and Transport Through Fractured Rocks', 'Fractures are ubiquitous in geologic media and important in disciplines such as physical and contaminant hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, and petroleum engineering among other areas. Despite the importance of fractures, its characterization and predictions of groundwater flow and contaminant transport are fraught with significant difficulties. Students are taught to deal with fractures in hydrogeology, to conceptualize them, and to build reliable models for predicting groundwater flow and contaminant transport. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'EARTH', '004860', 'UG', 'Quaternary Geology', 'Glacial-interglacial cycles and sub-Milankovitch oscillations from ocean sediments and ice cores. Quaternary geochronology. Glacial sediment-land systems. Mineral exploration techniques pertaining to glaciated terrains and hydrostratigraphic analyses of Quaternary basins. Local field trips. Laboratory studies on glacial sediments. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'EARTH', '004862', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods in Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the theory and practice of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling. Topics related to variably-saturated flow will focus on derivation of Richard''s equation, a control volume finite difference discretization, assembly and solution of the flow equation, material balance error, truncation error analysis, stability and monotonicity. Topics related to contaminant transport will focus on derivation of the contaminant transport equation, a control volume finite difference discretization along with various spatial and temporal weighting schemes and their associated accuracy, monotonicity, and material balance error. Hands-on experience is provided using software applied to industry-standard variably-saturated flow and transport problems, with an emphasis on visualization and interpretation of results. [Note: EARTH 458, a first-year linear algebra, and a second-year calculus course are recommended. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'EARTH', '004863', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to physical hydrogeology, including Darcy''s law, the groundwater flow equations for steady-state and transient conditions, applications to flow nets, aquifer testing, groundwater resources, and groundwater protection. The role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle is explored with emphasis on natural groundwater flow systems and their influence on stream flow. Physical processes controlling groundwater contamination are introduced. [Note: EARTH 123 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH (121 and 121L), (122 and 122L), CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'EARTH', '004864', 'UG', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the chemical side of hydrogeology with emphasis on groundwater quality and contaminants in the groundwater zone, the geochemical origin of major ions in natural groundwater, causes of hardness, groundwater age determination using isotopes, common causes of groundwater contamination; processes governing contaminant behaviour including dispersion, diffusion and adsorption, hydrogeologic aspects of site selection for waste disposal. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458; One of EARTH 221, CIVE 375, ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'EARTH', '004865', 'UG', 'Geophysical Data Analysis', 'Geophysical data sets require the application of specialized analysis methods to extract information about the Earth''s interior. This course covers commonly used concepts and techniques used in geophysical data analysis including spectral analysis, convolution, filtering, and sampling. Emphasis is given to the analysis and processing of radar and seismic reflection profiling data sets. [Note: A full credit in first-year Calculus is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'EARTH', '004866', 'UG', 'Near-Surface Geophysics', 'Near-surface geophysics is used to characterize the shallow subsurface for a wide-spectrum of applications. This application-oriented course covers current methodology in near-surface geophysics, including electrical, electromagnetic, ground penetrating radar, seismic refraction, and well-logging methods. Techniques for geophysical data acquisition and interpretation are studied and applied to field data. Examples of the application of geophysical techniques to archeological, forensics, geotechnical, glaciology, and hydrogeological problems are examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'EARTH', '004868', 'UG', 'Mineral Deposits', 'An introduction to the principles and theories of mineral deposit genesis. Basic technical, economic, legal, and ethical aspects of mineral exploration and responsible development of natural resources are also covered. Laboratories involve hand sample and ore petrology of suites from diverse deposits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221, 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'EARTH', '004869', 'UG', 'Field Course', 'One or more trips that emphasize field observations. Specific trips may be organized to examine field aspects of any of the disciplines within Earth Sciences or Geological Engineering. Field exercises and reports may be part of the requirements. Additional field trip fees will apply.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A; Honours Earth Sciences or Environmental Science (Geoscience Specialization) or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100R', 'EASIA', '004871', 'UG', 'Introduction to East Asia', 'An introductory survey of East Asia. This course examines common grounds and differences in the historical, cultural, economic, and political foundations of East Asian societies and states. [Note: Formerly EASIA 201R]', 'Antireq: EASIA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'EASIA', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'RS', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ECON', '004874', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microeconomics', 'This course provides an introduction to microeconomic analysis relevant for understanding the Canadian economy. The behaviour of individual consumers and producers, the determination of market prices for commodities and resources, and the role of government policy in the functioning of the market system are the main topics covered.', 'Prereq: Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ECON', '004877', 'UG', 'Introduction to Macroeconomics', 'This course introduces students to the measurement and behaviour of key macroeconomic variables both in Canada and around the world. Topics include national accounts, inflation, interest rates, wages, international balance of payments, business cycles, growth, employment, unemployment, poverty, and inequality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ECON', '004885', 'UG', 'Microeconomic Theory for Business and Policy', 'This course offers an introduction to the theory of market based economies. Topics include consumer choice, production, price and output under perfect and imperfect competition, price discrimination and two part pricing, vertical and horizontal firm boundaries and integration, and market structure.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'ECON', '004890', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Economics', 'An introduction to mathematical techniques of particular use in economics. Topics include matrix algebra, differentation, partial derivatives, optimization techniques including constrained optimization - all developed within the context of economic problems.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM103; one of MATH 104, 4U Advanced Functions, 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'MGMT', '004894', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship and the Creative Workplace', 'This course has two distinct but related components. The first explores entrepreneurship as a key input to economic activity. It also reviews numerous perspectives of entrepreneurship and introduces basic tools available for use by the entrepreneur, including the business canvas. The second part of this course explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and strategy. The design of an appropriate strategy and the implementation of this strategy through appropriate controls and structure are considered in the context of the innovative firm. [Note: Formerly ECON 220.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: ENBUS 203, ECON 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ECON', '004895', 'UG', 'Statistics for Economists', 'This course introduces students to describing economic data and drawing inferences from features of economic data. Starting from fundamental axioms of probability, students will learn about the calculation of probabilities of basic events and the features of random variables, the most important tool for representing the outcomes of complex economic phenomena. Students will describe discrete and continuous random variables via their probability distributions and summary statistics such as means and standard deviations, as well as the relationships between two random variables in terms of covariance, correlation, and simple regression models. The concepts of hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, and the fundamentals of statistical inference are discussed for basic features of random variables and for comparing the features of more than one random variable.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Coreq: ECON 211 or Science and Business students or Biotech/Chartered Professional Accountancy students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ECON', '004899', 'UG', 'Introduction to International Economics', 'This course explores international trade in goods and services, as well as the international exchange of financial assets. Economic theories will be examined, which help explain how international transactions affect the world''s economies. Topics include the theory of comparative advantage and the gains from trade, tariff theory, concepts and measurement of balance of payments, exchange rate systems, and the international monetary system.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ECON', '004921', 'UG', 'Mathematical Economics', 'This course builds on and expands the material in ECON 211. Multi-variate calculus and optimization are covered in detail, with a focus on economic applications of the envelope theorem. The implicit function theorem and its uses in comparative statics are explored. Difference and differential equations and their application to dynamic models are introduced, culminating in an introduction to optimal control.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202, ECON 211; or ECON 391; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'ECON', '004927', 'UG', 'International Finance', 'An analysis of the main issues in international finance. Topics include international borrowing and lending, intertemporal gains from trade, current account and balance of trade movements, the determination of exchange rates, and foreign exchange markets.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202 or ECON 201, 206 or ECON 206, 290. Antireq: (For Mathematics students only) BUS 443W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ECON', '004939', 'UG', 'Labour Economics', 'A study of the supply of labour by individuals (and unions) and the demand for labour by firms. Topics include the labour market effects of social assistance, unemployment insurance and minimum wages, discrimination in the labour market, efficient wage contracts, the determinants of wage inflation and unemployment.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'ECON', '004942', 'UG', 'Environmental Economics', 'Application of economic theory to problems of the environment, in particular, air, water, and land pollution. Emphasis is on the theory of the management of common property resources. Note: [Formerly ECON 357]', 'Prereq: ECON 102, ECON 391; One of ECON 322, STAT 221, STAT 231, STAT 241. Antireq: ECON 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ECON', '004943', 'UG', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis and Project Evaluation', 'Methods for evaluating private and public projects; decision rules, efficiency conditions, and methods of conducting cost-benefit analysis. Application of the technique. This course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ECON', '004944', 'UG', 'The Economics of Social Problems', 'A topic-oriented course. Problems are selected from a list that includes regulatory economics, poverty, unemployment, industrial policy, safety, social policy, government deficits/debt, stabilization policy, and others. The format assists the student in gaining analytical skills through work on the selected topics.', 'Prereq: ECON 102; ECON 201 or 290', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'ECON', '004946', 'UG', 'Business Finance 1', 'The course explores decisions faced by managers of firms. In particular, decision-makers must determine which long-term real investment opportunities to exploit. Once undertaken, managers must decide how to finance the projects, for example, by debt or equity. The course develops both the conceptual framework and the tools required for these decisions. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics; Level at least 2B. Antireq: AFM 271/273, AFM 274/371, ACTSC 372 after fall 2014', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('372', 'ECON', '004947', 'UG', 'Business Finance 2', 'This course examines a number of topics relevant to financial practitioners. The topics examined may include options, derivatives securities, futures markets, swaps and hedging. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON371; ECON211 or one of MATH106/136/146; ECON 221 or any probability and/or basic statistics course; or students in the Faculty of Mathematics ECON101 or ECON100/COMM103, ECON102 and ACTSC372 after fall 2014. Antireq: ACTSC446 (ACTSC students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ECON', '004949', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'One or more special topics courses may be offered at different times as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of five times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'ECON', '004959', 'UG', 'Econometric Theory', 'This course offers an advanced treatment of topics covered in ECON 322/323 through the extensive use of matrix algebra, statistical theory and numerical methods. After a review of the required mathematics, these tools will be used to derive the least-squares estimator for the standard linear model and to conduct inference about features of the model, checking the results of theory using regression software and economic data. Then this framework will be used for theoretical generalizations of the model and their estimation using regression software. By the end of the course, students will be able to estimate a linear model and conduct accurate inference in cases where economic data violate the assumptions of the standard linear regression model. This includes methods for dealing with heteroskedastic data, observations that may be dependent over time, response distributions with heavy tails or limited range (such as binary outcomes and count variables), and observations that may suffer from selection bias.', 'Prereq: One of ECON 321, ECON 323, STAT 221, 231, 241; Honours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'ECON', '004960', 'UG', 'Microeconometric Analysis', 'This course investigates advanced estimation and inference techniques for microeconomic data. Students will learn about error components models that are used for economic data that exhibits significant unobserved heterogeneity. The estimation of treatment effects using fixed effects and difference-in-differences methods will be covered, and design-based methods of causal inference such as matching and regression discontinuity may be covered as well. Extensions such as multilevel or hierarchical models, limited dependent variable models, duration models or selection models may also be included. Students also learn how to apply these methods using computer software, and will use it to analyze complex data from household and firm-level surveys in assignments.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; one of ECON 321, 323, STAT 221, 231, 241;\nHonours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'ECON', '004970', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Students are required to identify a research topic, conduct research independently, write a research paper, and attend class meetings. Each student is supervised by a member of the Economics faculty. Class meetings cover topics such as a general overview of research methods in economics, research ethics, finding reference material, citing practices, and effective writing and presentation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Economics or Honours Mathematical Economics (BA and BMATH) students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'ECON', '004974', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ECON', '004975', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103B', 'ENGL', '005042', 'UG', 'Varieties of English', 'Introduction to the study of varieties of the English language - regional, social, temporal, functional, and stylistic. The relations of languages and literature and of speech and writing will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108E', 'ENGL', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108', 'GSJ', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', 'Antireq: WS 108E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108F', 'ENGL', '005050', 'UG', 'The Rebel', 'A study of various works of literature in which the protagonist is a rebel against existing norms. The course will examine a number of rebel types and concepts, moral implications, and final outcomes either in successful realization or in tragic defeat.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'ENGL', '005054', 'UG', 'Introduction to Academic Writing', 'The course will explore a variety of issues in academic writing such as style, argument, and the presentation of information. Frequent written exercises will be required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'ENGL', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'EMLS', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140R', 'ENGL', '005064', 'UG', 'The Use of English', 'This course examines the use of English in a variety of contexts (colloquial, scientific, legal, political, commercial, journalistic, literary, etc.) to increase critical awareness of the language and help students write more clearly and effectively.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('190', 'ENGL', '005068', 'UG', 'Shakespeare', 'Designed for students in all faculties, the course examines some of Shakespeare''s comedies, history plays, and tragedies. Shakespeare''s variety and flexibility in developing characters and dramatic structures are stressed, as are significant themes. [Note: No previous work in Shakespeare is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200A', 'ENGL', '005069', 'UG', 'English Literatures 1', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the Middle Ages to the late 18th century, focussing on key writers and works, including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200B', 'ENGL', '005070', 'UG', 'English Literatures 2', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the late 18th century to the present, focussing on key writers and works from Britain and North America, and including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENGL', '005071', 'UG', 'The Short Story', 'This course deals with the history and techniques of the short story, with emphasis upon works by such British, American, and Canadian writers as Henry James, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, Ernest Hemingway, and Alice Munro.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202A', 'ENGL', '005072', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 1', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the Old Testament of the King James Bible (also known as the Hebrew Scripture), and of its influence on other English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202B', 'ENGL', '005073', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 2', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the New Testament of the King James Bible and of its influence on English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'ENGL', '005078', 'UG', 'The Canadian Short Story', 'The short story is Canada''s most vibrant literary form. Students will examine short stories from the 19th century to the present. Topics to be covered may include national, regional and Indigenous identity, mythology, multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism, as well as explorations of contemporary social justice issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208A', 'ENGL', '005081', 'UG', 'Forms of Fantasy', 'A study of fantasy literature, including some subgenres such as romances, fairy tales, fables, and gothic and horror fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208B', 'ENGL', '005082', 'UG', 'Science Fiction', 'Various examples drawn, for instance, from Utopian and anti-Utopian science fiction, social science fiction, \"gadget\" science fiction, parapsychology, and alternate worlds and beings will be considered. Some attention will be given to the historical development of the genre.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208C', 'ENGL', '005083', 'UG', 'Studies in Children''s Literature', 'A critical examination of works of children''s literature. Specific readings may range broadly, encompassing works as diverse as ancient folk tales and novels and poetry from the 18th century to the present day.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'ENGL', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'GSJ', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208H', 'ENGL', '005086', 'UG', 'Arthurian Legend', 'The story of Arthur and his knights of the Round Table will be discussed as it is treated at various times in various works and genres. Such matters will be considered as the character of Arthur, the concept of Camelot, and the Fellowship of the Round Table.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208K', 'ENGL', '005087', 'UG', 'Detective Fiction', 'A study of the detective novel, the novel of crime, the thriller, the novel of intrigue, and of espionage with texts drawn from various time periods and national literatures. The course includes the examination of critical approaches to the form of detective fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210E', 'ENGL', '005095', 'UG', 'Genres of Technical Communication', 'This course explores writing, presentation, and design across various genres of technical communication, with a primary focus on printed and/or online computer documentation. Other assignments might include white papers, product specifications, help-desk communication, etc.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210F', 'ENGL', '005096', 'UG', 'Genres of Business Communication', 'This course explores the genres of communication in business and other organizations. Students will study and produce instances from several of the following: reports (of several kinds), letters, email messages, marketing materials, public relations materials, and any other types of organizational communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'ENGL', '005104', 'UG', 'Canadian Children''s Literature', 'A study of 19th- and 20th-century Canadian literature for children.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ENGL', '005120', 'UG', 'Literary Theory and Criticism', 'What exactly are we doing when we study literature? By examining a selection of critical methods and theoretical approaches, this course will enhance understanding of the many different emphases, values, and priorities critics bring to literature, and the many available perspectives on what constitutes literature''s significance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 251A, ENGL 251B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ENGL', '005122', 'UG', 'Rhetorical Theory and Criticism', 'This course provides a survey of the multidisciplinary field of rhetorical studies. In addition to introducing key concepts, theoretical frameworks, and critical debates, this course examines the role of rhetoric in a range of academic disciplines and social contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305A', 'ENGL', '005124', 'UG', 'Old English Language and Literature', 'An introduction to the English language in its earliest form, and study of selected prose and poetry from pre-Conquest England in the original language, with attention to historical, cultural, and religious contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305B', 'ENGL', '005125', 'UG', 'The Age of Beowulf', 'A study of the earliest English literature in translation. The heroic epic Beowulf will be studied in depth, along with a selection of Old English poetry and prose, such as lyrics, riddles, and historical and religious writing.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306A', 'ENGL', '005126', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'Introduction to linguistics and the principles of linguistic analysis through an examination of English phonology, forms, syntax, and discourse.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306B', 'ENGL', '005127', 'UG', 'How English Grammar Works', 'This course analyzes English grammar structures, \"grammar rules,\" and the reasoning behind them. The course then examines English-language change, and considers grammar in pedagogical and multicultural contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306D', 'ENGL', '005129', 'UG', 'The History of the English Language', 'This course explores the history of the English language, from Anglo-Saxon dialects (\"Old English\"), through the combining of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, its evolution in medieval and early modern Britain, up to its transformation within multilingual and multicultural contexts. The course examines not only the evolving vocabulary and grammar of the language, but also its social history.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306F', 'ENGL', '005131', 'UG', 'Introduction to Semiotics', 'A study of systems of signs, codes, and signification in language, culture, and literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309A', 'ENGL', '005133', 'UG', 'Rhetoric, Classical to Enlightenment', 'A study of rhetorical theories from antiquity through the Renaissance to the 18th century, with an emphasis on how these theories reflect changing attitudes towards language, society, and the self.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 309B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309C', 'ENGL', '005135', 'UG', 'Contemporary Rhetoric', 'An examination of contemporary rhetorical theory and its relationships to criticism, interdisciplinary studies, and digital applications.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306G', 'ENGL', '005136', 'UG', 'Critical Discourse Analysis', 'This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of critical discourse analysis (CDA), the close study of language and its effects in social context. Students will learn to apply discourse-analytical tools to a wide range of texts, conversations, images, and other artifacts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309E', 'ENGL', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A English Rhetoric and Professional Writing or English Rhetoric, Media, and Professional Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'SPCOM', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310A', 'ENGL', '005139', 'UG', 'Chaucer 1', 'An introduction to the poetry and the prose translations of Geoffrey Chaucer, including his dream allegories, \"Troilus and Criseyde,\" and related compositions.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310B', 'ENGL', '005140', 'UG', 'Chaucer 2', 'A study of Geoffrey Chaucer''s \"Canterbury Tales\".', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310C', 'ENGL', '005141', 'UG', 'Non-Chaucerian Middle English Literature', 'Non-Chaucerian English writings during the later Middle Ages; the Middle English romance, including \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; alliterative literature, such as \"Piers Plowman\"; and representative examples of Middle English non-Chaucerian verse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ENGL', '005145', 'UG', 'Early Canadian Literatures', 'This course examines a selection of pre-1920 Canadian texts concerning first contact, imperialism, colonization, incipient nationhood, and early multi-racial immigration that participate in the ongoing invention of Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ENGL', '005147', 'UG', 'Modern Canadian Literature', 'This course focuses on the varied ways in which 20th-century writers of poetry and prose participate in the shaping of Canadian literary culture, with emphasis on the literature of the middle decades.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'ENGL', '005148', 'UG', 'Canadian Drama', 'This course explores traditions and experiments in Canadian drama through an analysis of Canadian plays, especially those from 1960 to the present, in their historical and theatrical contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ENGL', '005150', 'UG', 'Contemporary Canadian Literature', 'This course examines Canadian Literature written in the latter decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century. Literary works are studied in relation to relevant contemporary social, cultural and political topics, such as nationalism, indigeneity, multiculturalism, and diaspora.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330A', 'ENGL', '005152', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of short poems by such writers as Wyatt, Gascoigne, Whitney, Ralegh, Spenser, the Sidneys, Shakespeare, and Donne.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330B', 'ENGL', '005153', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 2', 'A study of selected genres, topics, and works from Tudor literature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335', 'ENGL', '005155', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 1', 'Designed to assist students with an interest in developing their creative writing skills in various genres, this course consists of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'ENGL', '005156', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 2', 'This course is designed to assist advanced creative writers in developing a body of work in one or more genres by means of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques. [Note: Admission by portfolio review]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A and ENGL 335', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'ENGL', '005157', 'UG', 'American Literature 1860-1910', 'A survey of literary developments in America from the Civil War through the turn of the 20th century, including significant movements of the period such as realism, regionalism, and naturalism; the New Woman''s writing and other developments in women''s literatures; popular forms such as the Western; and minority literatures.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('344', 'ENGL', '005158', 'UG', 'Modern American Literature', 'A study of American Literature from the early twentieth century through the second world war, emphasizing aesthetic innovation in the modernist movement, and its aftermath in the social writings of the 1930s.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ENGL', '005159', 'UG', 'American Literature in a Global Context', 'A study of the ways in which movements of peoples and cultures have shaped American literature. Topics may include colonialism, immigration and migration, literary influence across borders and languages, nativism and internationalism, racial and ethnic styles and exchanges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'ENGL', '005162', 'UG', 'American Literature Since 1945', 'A study of the movements of American Literature following the second world war. The course will consider the formal and cultural diversity of writing in this period, with attention to topics such as avant-garde experiment, the persistence of realism, counter-cultural politics, feminism and literature, postmodernism, and the emergence of minority writers in the mainstream.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350A', 'ENGL', '005164', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of literature by such writers as Jonson, Donne, Wroth, Herbert, Bacon, Milton, Behn, and Dryden.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350B', 'ENGL', '005165', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 2', 'An intensive study of Milton''s epic, Paradise Lost, in its historical and literary contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ENGL', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'THPERF', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ENGL', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'THPERF', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ENGL', '005168', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide an in-depth study of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('366', 'ENGL', '005169', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide a study in-depth of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'ENGL', '005175', 'UG', 'Information Design', 'The theory and practice of design for print and digital media, including the study of design concepts such as space, colour, typography, interactivity, immersion, motion, and presence. Students produce designs using professional software tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'ENGL', '005176', 'UG', 'Visual Rhetoric', 'This course introduces students to the study of images from a rhetorical perspective, including the interaction of texts and images in such professional writing fields as advertising, book illustration, technical documentation, journalism, and public relations. Issues may include visual and textual literacy, the semiotics and rhetoric of design, and the ideological basis of social communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408A', 'ENGL', '005177', 'UG', 'Writing for the Media', 'This course examines the genres and strategies of both journalism and public relations. With a strong orientation towards rhetorical and linguistic theories, this course will cover audience concerns from both within and outside organizations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408B', 'ENGL', '005178', 'UG', 'The Discourse of Advertising', 'This course introduces students to writing and editing advertising copy. Students will also be introduced to models of discourse and rhetorical analysis of advertising texts. Assignments include creating a portfolio of advertising copy and an extensive analysis of sample advertising discourse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408C', 'ENGL', '005179', 'UG', 'The Rhetoric of Digital Design: Theory and Practice', 'Students apply a variety of analytic perspectives - design discourse, multimodal discourse, rhetorical theory, social semiotics - to the design and production of a major digital project (or compilation of projects) using professional software and hardware tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'ENGL', '005185', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 1', 'An examination of the first generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Barbauld, Blake, Wollstonecraft, Wordsworth, and Coleridge.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'ENGL', '005186', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 2', 'An examination of the second generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Byron, P. B. Shelley, Mary Shelley, Keats, and Hemans.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451A', 'ENGL', '005190', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 1', 'A critical study of early to mid-Victorian literature, including authors such as Carlyle, Arnold, Tennyson, the Bront\u00ebs, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Gaskell, Ruskin, and Dickens. Topics may include liberty, work, gender, class, imperialism, and poetry.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451B', 'ENGL', '005191', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 2', 'A critical study of mid to late Victorian literature, including authors such as Christina Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, George Eliot, Newman, Hopkins, Michael Field, Wilde, and Hardy. Topics may include the \"Woman Question,\" the crisis in religious faith, and aestheticism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460A', 'ENGL', '005192', 'UG', 'Early Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom before and after World War I, including such writers as Conrad, Forster, Hopkins, Mansfield, Shaw, Synge, Wilde, and Yeats.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460B', 'ENGL', '005193', 'UG', 'Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland from World War I to World War II, including such writers as Auden, Eliot, Isherwood, Joyce, Lawrence, Orwell, West, and Woolf.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460C', 'ENGL', '005194', 'UG', 'Literature of the Postwar Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland after World War II, including such writers as Beckett, Greene, Larkin, Murdoch, Osborne, Pinter, and Spark.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470A', 'ENGL', '005195', 'UG', 'Contemporary Critical Theory', 'Contemporary critical theory offers an array of competing constructions of text and culture. This course examines several topics in recent critical theory, such as gender, race, subjectivity, textuality, and popular culture.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470B', 'ENGL', '005196', 'UG', 'History of Literary Criticism', 'An historical survey of major critical texts and movements from the Greek and Roman classics to the New Criticism of the mid-20th century, examining different critical theories and practices in a context of cultural changes.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470C', 'ENGL', '005197', 'UG', 'Literary Studies in Digital Forms', 'A critical examination of literary publication, research, and criticism in digital forms.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495A', 'ENGL', '005223', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision. [Note: A grade for ENGL 495A will be submitted only after the completion of ENGL 495B.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495B', 'ENGL', '005224', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision.', 'Prereq: ENGL 495A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ENVE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), r\u00e9sum\u00e9 writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'GEOE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), r\u00e9sum\u00e9 writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'ENVE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'GEOE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'ENVE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2B Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'GEOE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ENVE', '005239', 'UG', 'Environmental Chemistry', 'Overview of risk, biosphere compartments and contaminant fate. Composition of water. Electroneutrality and activity. Reactions and speciation including reaction kinetics, mass transfer, vapor pressure, equilibrium, and chemical thermodynamics. Equilibrium chemistry including Log-concentration diagrams, titration and buffering intensity, dissolution/precipitation, carbonate system, hardness, and complex formation. Classification, nomenclature, physical/chemical parameters and partitioning of organic compounds. Basic redox chemistry including: half cell reactions, Faraday and Nernst equations, and pE-pH diagrams. Four labs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; 2A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ENVE', '005244', 'UG', 'Lab Analysis and Field Sampling Techniques', 'An introduction to the fundamental concepts of physical and chemical measurement of the environment. Review of basic statistics, quality assurance and control, sources of error, seasonal effects, sample preservation. Practical and essential elements of water, soil and air sampling. Introduction to measurement techniques including: colorimetry, chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemical probes, remote sensing. Design of monitoring strategies, and use of methods to assess validity of laboratory data. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 3A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ENVE', '005248', 'UG', 'Physico-Chemical Processes', 'Fundamentals of coagulation, flocculation, clarification, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, air stripping, membrane technologies, chemical reduction/oxidation, and disinfection processes with applications to natural and various engineered systems. Quantitative analysis and design of processes and applications to the treatment of drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, groundwater and soils. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, ENVE 280; 3A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ENVE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'ENVE', '005253', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent environmental engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in an environmental engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (ENVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, ENVE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVE', '005254', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ENVE 400. The final design of the major environmental engineering project proposed in ENVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in ENVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('573', 'ENVE', '005256', 'UG', 'Contaminant Transport', 'Importance and complications associated with environmental modelling, the model building process, limitations, and measures of success. Types of contaminants; transport phenomena with a focus on advection-dispersive transport; development of governing equations; types and utility of boundary and initial conditions; and mass balance considerations. Review of completely mixed systems including lakes, streams, source functions, feedback systems, and toxic substance models. Model calibration, sensitivity, and uncertainty; methods and approaches. Solute transport models and solution techniques including random walk, method of characteristics, finite difference method and finite volume method. Aspects of multiphase flow (gas/water and NAPL/water systems) with an emphasis on groundwater problems. Introduction to mass removal technologies for remediation of soil and groundwater systems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 225, 375; (Level at least 3B Environmental Engineering) or (4B Chemical, Civil, or Geological Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('577', 'ENVE', '005257', 'UG', 'Engineering for Solid Waste Management', 'The engineering aspects of solid waste management are examined. Attention is given to the engineering design and operational aspects of the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in landfill site. Design of natural attenuation sites and system reliability features for landfill designs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('178', 'ENVS', '005261', 'UG', 'Environmental Applications of Data Management and Statistics', 'This course introduces techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research, including descriptive statistics (measures of centre, variation and shape, and measures of association between two variables), statistical research designs, sampling theory, and fundamental probability theory for inferential statistics. The course also develops skills in using statistical software for data display and analysis.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('195', 'ENVS', '005262', 'UG', 'Introduction to Environmental Studies', 'This course introduces the field of environmental studies through an exploration of environmental issues that contribute to crises and challenges at the global, national and local levels. The course provides an overview of human ecological aspects of environmental studies from an inter-cultural and global perspective, and offers an integrative framework for understanding them.', 'Antireq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'ENVS', '005263', 'UG', 'Field Ecology', 'Introduces the main concepts and principles of ecology; the cycling of elements; energetics and structural organization of major ecological systems; population dynamics; impact of natural resource management practices and urban and industrial development on the environment; incorporating environmental quality considerations into development activities. The lab sessions include field trips to study natural and disturbed ecosystems, urban and applied ecology. [Note: Field trip fee normally $30+HST; will not exceed $60+HST. WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENVS', '005264', 'UG', 'Introduction to Canadian Environmental Law', 'Introduction to the basic legal framework that regulates the natural environment in Canada. The course provides students with an understanding of the foundational legal institutions in Canada and their respective roles in environmental regulation. The course includes both public and private law approaches to environmental regulation, and covers the principal regulatory tools used to protect the environment.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ENBUS', '005265', 'UG', 'Environmental Management Systems', 'The examination and evaluation of environmental management systems such as ISO 14001. Alternate EMS systems will be compared and reviewed to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses. Case studies will be used to illustrate the ideas presented.', 'Prereq: ENBUS 102; Accounting and Financial Management or Environment and Business students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ENVS', '005266', 'UG', 'Ecological Economics', 'Evaluation of various economic approaches to the environment. The links between economics, systems and the natural environment will be explored and future directions examined.', 'Antireq: SFM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('278', 'ENVS', '005271', 'UG', 'Applied Statistics for Environmental Research', 'This course examines further techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research. It builds upon ENVS 178, with a focus on inferential statistics, including sampling distributions, confidence intervals, parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests, and linear regression models. It further develops skills in using statistical software for data analysis and modeling of environmental data.', 'Prereq: ENVS 178; Environment students only. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, SDS 250R, PSCI 314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC 280, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'ENVS', '005290', 'UG', 'Study Abroad', 'Study abroad for academic transfer credit under a Faculty of Environment Exchange Program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVS', '005294', 'UG', 'Canadian Law, Indigenous Peoples, and Natural Resource Development', 'The course examines the historical development of the constitutional relationship between the Crown (the Canadian and provincial governments) and Indigenous Peoples, and the current impact of this constitutional relationship on the development of resources in Canada. Particular focus will be paid to the judicial development of Aboriginal rights and Aboriginal title, the duty to consult and accommodate Indigenous Peoples in the context of resource development, and the future trajectory of the relationship between the Crown, Indigenous Peoples, and resource developers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'REC', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'ENVS', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('469', 'ENVS', '005302', 'UG', 'Landscape Ecology, Restoration and Rehabilitation', 'Survey of the major concepts and theories of landscape ecology. Application of these concepts to case studies in restoration and/or rehabilitation. Interaction with professionals from government, NGOs or private industry on ecological issues will also be part of the course. The course includes a practical component on the planning of ecological restoration or rehabilitation projects. [Note: Field trip fee based on destination; will not exceed $100+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: ERS 335; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ERS', '005304', 'UG', 'Foundations: Environment, Resources and Sustainability', 'Introduces analytical approaches for problem definition and problem solving that are appropriate for a wide range of environment and resource issues. Considers the limitations of approaches that perceive and attempt to manage issues as isolated phenomena. Also examines alternative approaches that recognize the broader context and underlying roots in ethical positions and ecological, economic, and institutional systems.', 'Prereq: Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'ERS', '005311', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 1', 'An introduction to processes and techniques for incorporating environmental considerations in planning and evaluating proposals for future undertakings that may have significant social and biophysical effects. The course provides an overview of methodologies for, and controversies surrounding, the design and conduct of biophysical and socioeconomic impact studies, and the testing of reported findings. The main focus is on the purposes and design of environmental assessment processes, with particular reference to the Canadian federal and Ontario provincial legal mandates, and the evolution of assessment into a sustainability framework.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'ERS', '005312', 'UG', 'Introduction to Sustainable Agroecosystems', 'This course introduces and discusses the fundamental concepts of agroecology, the integration of agriculture and society, and the transition to sustainability. Topics include the impact of biotic and abiotic factors - including the use of genetically modified organisms - on crops, soil, and the agroecosystems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ERS', '005313', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering in that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ERS', '005326', 'UG', 'Ecological Monitoring', 'Through online readings and a 10-day field trip, this course provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of ecological monitoring through active participation in programs applying protocols developed by the Smithsonian Institute/Man and the Biosphere Program. The course is a collaborative effort with professional staff from selected governmental agencies, and independent organizations. [Note: Field trip fee normally $750+HST; will not exceed $1000+HST. Offered: After spring examinations, prior to the fall term.]', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'ERS', '005332', 'UG', 'Waste Management', 'This course will deal with the solid waste system, landfilling, incineration, energy from waste, recycling, composting, reduction and reuse. The context will be primarily Ontario and municipal waste management.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ERS', '005339', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 2', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215, this course places more emphasis on case studies and projects by students. The course provides a synthesis of ecological, physical, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional concerns, as well as experience in the use of impact assessment methodologies and approaches, as a key element in achieving more informed and responsible decision making.', 'Prereq: ERS 215; ENVS 200 or International Development students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'ERS', '005342', 'UG', 'Communities and Sustainability', 'Exploration of the interconnected roles that communities at various scales\ncan play in a transition towards sustainability. Examination of structures, options, initiatives, and decision-making processes involving a wide range of concerns, opportunities, and applications. Illustrative cases include largely urban communities, the urban periphery, and the broader influences that affect them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'ERS', '005345', 'UG', 'Corporate Sustainability: Issues and Prospects', 'A course that examines the ways in which sustainability issues and business operations have interacted, considering progressively ''greener'' corporate responses and broader sustainability challenges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B; Not open to Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ERS', '005346', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ERS', '005370', 'UG', 'Social Ecological Systems Analysis', 'This course provides an opportunity to learn and begin to apply systems-based tools in the context of an interdisciplinary research problem defined by the student in cooperation with the teaching-team. Students are provided with an introduction to the conceptual tools of systems thinking and resilience that help understand the dynamics of social change and social innovation. These conceptual tools will then be applied by students to provide a framework for interdisciplinary research and to develop a richer understanding of a case study of fostering social change and building adaptive capacity.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only; Antireq: ERS 311', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'ERS', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PSCI', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'ERS', '005386', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 3', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215 and ERS 315, this course will focus on the latest concepts and applications of assessment principles and practices. The course focus will vary from year to year following development in the field. Topics may include assessment into land use planning and community design, policy and program assessment, and assessment of new technologies and alternative futures.', 'Prereq: ERS 315', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ERS', '005388', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403A', 'ERS', '005401', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is for students who have defined a problem, which fits within the scope of research in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. ERS 403A normally leads to the production of a research proposal and the beginning of the research tasks; this process may vary slightly, depending on the nature of the research. The research process and thesis write-up will continue and be concluded in ERS 403B. [Note: Students who wish to take this course should begin intensive planning and discussion with potential advisors in a field relevant to their intended research 6-12 months prior to the course. Students must secure agreement with a professor in SERS to act as the thesis advisor no later than 4 months prior to the start of the course. Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403B', 'ERS', '005402', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is a continuation of ERS 403A. It normally consists of a continuation of the research process that began in ERS 403A and leads to the completion of the research and the thesis write-up. It is for students who have defined a problem related to the mission and scope of the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. The procedures outlined in ERS 403A must be followed. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'FINE', '005422', 'UG', 'Modern Art: 1874-1945', 'A study of the culture of Europe and North America from 1874 (Impressionism) to 1945 (Nazi propaganda) with particular focus on the visual arts. Topics such as primitivism, Cubism, abstraction, artists'' reactions to calamitous world events such as World War 1, and various methodologies, including semiotic and Marxist analyses, will be explored through reading and writing assignments. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'FINE', '005425', 'UG', 'Art: 1780-1875', 'A study of art and architecture in European and American culture between 1780 and 1875. Some of the pertinent themes discussed include art and revolutions, art and the Industrial Revolution, the rise of landscape painting, the urban environment, the exotic, and the erotic. Cross-cultural influences and the complex relationship between the traditional and the ''modern'' are particularly emphasized. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'FINE', '005427', 'UG', 'Renaissance Art: 1300-1500', 'An examination of the art of the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe. Amongst the many themes that will be explored in this course are mediums (including exploitation of oil paint), scientific perspective, humanism, court structures, art and mercantile sectors, and prominent collectors. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'FINE', '005429', 'UG', 'Art of the 16th Century in Europe', 'Some of the finest works of art in the western world were produced and some of the most successful artists flourished in this tumultuous century that saw the split in the western Christian Church and the continued rise of extraordinarily powerful court families and monarchs. This course will examine these works of art and the artists against this backdrop. Arranged according to patrons, the course also examines particular stylistic trends (Mannerism, the persistence of the Gothic, etc.) as well as other pertinent issues such as collecting, the writing of art history, the teaching of art, and the role of the artist in society. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('214', 'FINE', '005430', 'UG', 'Visual Culture of Medieval Europe', 'This course explores the visual culture of medieval Europe from the fourth century to the 13th century. The primary focus of this course is the dynamic intersection of cultures and faiths with particular emphasis on emergent and evolving Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, as expressed in architecture, sculpture, manuscripts, metalwork, textiles, and more. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'FINE', '005431', 'UG', 'Art of the 17th Century in Europe', 'Art of the 17th century. This course focuses on art produced in Italy, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Various types of art (history painting, portraiture, still life, etc.) and architecture (churches, palaces, city homes, etc.) are discussed in relation to the primary political, religious, and societal concerns that characterize the different geographical regions. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'FINE', '005435', 'UG', 'Oil Painting', 'Various technical methodologies of oil painting and pictorial composition are developed in this course through a series of explorations in observation and abstraction. The plurality of approaches available to painters today is set within a contemporary critical context. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'FINE', '005438', 'UG', 'Acrylic and Mixed Media', 'This course takes a materially specific approach to painting projects involving acrylic and mixed media. Emphasis is placed on creative problem solving in the context of contemporary art practice. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'FINE', '005439', 'UG', 'Principles of Sculpture', 'This studio course is designed to introduce students to a variety of traditional and contemporary approaches, materials, processes, and conceptual concerns related to working in sculpture. Through demonstrations, presentations, critiques, and discussions, students gain expertise and develop a sculptural vocabulary. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'FINE', '005440', 'UG', 'Methods and Materials of Sculpture', 'This studio course emphasizes practical applications of traditional and contemporary materials, processes, and conceptual concerns. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'FINE', '005441', 'UG', 'Clay Studies', 'Students will explore the creative development of clay and examine cultural, historical, and personal modes of expression using a variety of construction techniques. Students will explore figurative and abstract sculptural concepts to develop a working knowledge of clay as a sculptural medium. The emphasis is on design, form, and visual thinking. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'FINE', '005442', 'UG', 'Expressive Drawing', 'Expressive drawing techniques are emphasized through study with the life model. Conceptual drawing projects provide the student with the opportunity to produce bodies of work. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'FINE', '005443', 'UG', 'Observational Drawing', 'Observational techniques are used to develop an understanding of the principles and concepts of drawing practice. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'FINE', '005445', 'UG', 'Printmaking', 'Students are introduced to a variety of printmaking processes. Techniques explored include etching, engraving, monoprinting, collograph, and lithography. Training in traditional skills is combined with opportunities for individual expression. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'FINE', '005452', 'UG', 'Design and Imaging', 'In this course students will explore the fundamentals of design through a series of exercises and assignments that cultivate artistic expression and technical skill. Through an exploration of both analogue and digital processes, students will learn to apply the principles of aesthetic design to a variety of contexts, including two-dimensional space, three-dimensional form, and digital frameworks. [Note: Studio course. Previous experience with digital imaging software is useful.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100 or 130; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone. Antireq: DAC 201; GBDA 101; FINE 228/GBDA 228 taken prior to fall 2017', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'FINE', '005453', 'UG', 'Analogue and Digital Photography', 'Students will explore black and white analogue (film) and digital photography techniques and history, taught through a series of exercises, with an emphasis on fine arts practice. [Note: Studio course. Students are required to own or have access to a fully manual 35mm film camera and/or digital camera.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'RS', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FINE', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'RS', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'FINE', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'FINE', '005475', 'UG', 'Art and Gender', 'A study of selected themes dealing with gender in the history of art: e.g., the representation of the human body; portrayal of mythological, spiritual, and allegorical figures; professional and amateur artists and their status within societies; etc. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'FINE', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CLAS', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'FINE', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'CLAS', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'FINE', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'INDG', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'FINE', '005485', 'UG', 'Contemporary Art', 'A survey of contemporary international art movements with emphasis on work since 1970. Readings in contemporary criticism and gallery visits are an integral part of the course. [Note: Art History course. To be taken in 2B.]', 'Prereq: VCULT/FINE 101; FINE 112, 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'FINE', '005499', 'UG', 'Topics Course in Museums, Galleries, Curatorship', 'Often taught by the University of Waterloo Curator, this course explores a range of topics dealing with museums, galleries, and curatorial practices. Field visits may be a required component of this course. [Note: A field trip fee of up to $100 may be required. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'FINE', '005500', 'UG', 'Art of the 18th Century in Europe', 'This course is designed to introduce students to the culture of 18th-century Europe. Particular attention is paid to France and Britain but these countries are discussed within the wider context of Europe and, at times, much of the world. By looking at the art, artists, patrons, and collectors, some of the issues that will be discussed include cosmopolitanism, nationalism, empire-building, \"taste\", consumerism, and women in society. [Note: Art History course. Formerly FINE 331]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: FINE 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FINE', '005501', 'UG', 'History of Art Academies', 'This course examines the history of the institutionalization of the teaching of art. The course is organized as a series of case studies dealing with various formal academies of art and less formal gatherings of artists from the Renaissance to the 20th century. The aims of the course are to analyze why these institutions were formed, how they were organized, what were their mandates, and what was their status in their contemporary worlds. Some of the themes that will be investigated throughout the course include: art in the service of power and politics, the status of the artist, the ideal human form, the classical and medieval traditions, the impact of the avant-garde, the conflict with authority, and the academy as community. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Fine Arts or History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'FINE', '005523', 'UG', 'Technology Art Studio', 'This unique upper-level course is focused on interdisciplinary collaboration. Students work in teams to create aesthetically and technically engaging works of art that bridge the worlds of fine art and engineering. Students learn about conceptual development and critical analysis, prototyping, iterative design, and interactivity. The course provides the opportunity for students to share knowledge and develop skills outside of their discipline. Through lectures and presentations students are exposed to a history of art that uses different forms of technology and interactivity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'FINE', '005533', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 1', 'This thesis course involves an intensive exploration and development of individual studio research through practice and experimentation, resulting in the production of a significant body of work. Students will be guided by the work of relevant artists and theorists. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FINE', '005534', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 2', 'This thesis course will continue to guide students in the development of their individual studio research as they work towards completion of a significant body of work supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'FINE', '005535', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 1', 'This course provides Fine Arts students with an opportunity to study a range of topics that will explore, expand, and refine personal areas of interest in studio practice. Students will be required to undertake a range of classroom assignments in addition to working independently on an area of focus. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts faculty.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'FINE', '005536', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 2', 'Students will research and execute a series of self-directed projects, addressing historical precedents in the context of the concerns of contemporary art practice, and supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts Faculty.', 'Prereq: FINE 474', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('151', 'FR', '005547', 'UG', 'Basic French 1', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French not exceeding Year Two (Grade 10 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: One of FR 101, Ontario Grade 9 or 10 French. Antireq: FR 152, FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 11 French, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('152', 'FR', '005548', 'UG', 'Basic French 2', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French, not exceeding Year Three (Grade 11 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: FR 151 or Ontario Grade 11 French. Antireq: FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192A', 'FR', '005551', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 1', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: One of FR 152, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French. Antireq: FR 192B; High school Immersion or Extended French; near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192B', 'FR', '005552', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 2', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: High school Immersion French or Extended French or FR 192A. Antireq: Near-native or native ability in French.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'FR', '005565', 'UG', 'Introduction to Phonetics of French', 'An introduction to the structure of the French sound system with a view to improving pronunciation. Careful attention will be paid to the individual student''s difficulties.', 'Prereq: FR 192A or 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'FR', '005579', 'UG', 'Intermediate Spoken French', 'A course intended to develop the oral and aural skills. [Note: Formerly FR 250A]', 'Coreq: FR 192B. Antireq: FR 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'FR', '005580', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 1', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FR', '005582', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 2', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'FR', '005586', 'UG', 'Business French 1', 'A French language course designed to enable the student to carry on standard business practice in spoken and written French.', 'Prereq: Two of FR 192A, 192B, 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'FR', '005593', 'UG', 'French Civilization 1', 'This course traces the cultural development of France from its origin to the French Revolution. Emphasis is given to the study of music, art, architecture, literature, ideas, and daily life in their historical context. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'FR', '005594', 'UG', 'French Civilization 2', 'This course completes the study of the cultural development of France from the French Revolution to the present. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'FR', '005601', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'An introduction to the basic principles of linguistic analysis (as opposed to traditional grammar) applied to the sounds, vocabulary and sentence structure of contemporary standard French and certain features of current Canadian French. Students'' language learning needs will be an important feature of the course.', 'Prereq: FR 251 or 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FR', '005605', 'UG', '17th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 17th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'FR', '005609', 'UG', '18th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 18th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'FR', '005613', 'UG', 'French Language 3', 'Intensive development of writing skills through a study of stylistics and advanced composition.', 'Prereq: FR 251, 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'FR', '005616', 'UG', '19th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 19th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'FR', '005619', 'UG', '20th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 20th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'FR', '005625', 'UG', 'Quebec Literature', 'A study of selected texts by modern French-Canadian authors.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399A', 'FR', '005634', 'UG', 'Independent Cultural Study', 'An independent study course, in which the student chooses an area of French life on which to make a detailed study (topic must be approved by the department). A written cultural studies report is submitted, on which the student is examined orally.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'FR', '005635', 'UG', 'Advanced Translation', 'Intensive development of advanced comparative stylistics, translation, and composition skills.', 'Prereq: FR 353; one of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'FR', '005640', 'UG', 'Topics in Linguistics', 'A study of selected topics in linguistics. Topics will be chosen by the professor according to their area of specialization. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 203 or FR 303', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('410', 'FR', '005642', 'UG', 'Medieval French Literature', 'An introduction to French literature of the Middle Ages through the study of representative texts.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'FR', '005648', 'UG', '16th-Century French Literature', 'A focused study of a particular theme of Renaissance (1500-1600) writing.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'FR', '005651', 'UG', 'Advanced French Language', 'Intensive study of French composition, style, and grammar.', 'Prereq: One of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'FR', '005652', 'UG', 'Francophone Literatures in Canada', 'A detailed study of a selected genre or aspect of French-Canadian literature.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FR', '005653', 'UG', 'Aspects of French Canada', 'A presentation of traditional and contemporary French Canada in the fields of the arts, literature, music, politics, and society.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'FR', '005657', 'UG', 'Children''s Literature in French', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of French and French-Canadian children''s literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'FR', '005658', 'UG', 'French Women Writers', 'A study of selected works by women writers in France from the Middle Ages to the 21st-century. The course will focus on the literary features of these works and on their value as reflections of the position of women in French society throughout the period.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'FR', '005660', 'UG', 'African and Caribbean French Literature', 'A detailed survey of selected Francophone writers from outside Europe and Canada.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'FR', '005661', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'FR', '005662', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'MTE', '005779', 'UG', 'Digital Computation', 'Introduction to electronic digital computers, hardware and software organization, examples of efficient numerical algorithms for basic scientific computations. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CHE 121, CIVE 121, ECE 150, GENE 121, ME 101, MSCI 121, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'GENE', '005780', 'UG', 'Electrical Circuits and Instrumentation', 'Charge, current and voltage. Voltage and current sources, resistors, capacitors and inductors. Ohm''s Law, Kirchhoff''s Laws, nodal analysis, Thevenin and Norton models, instrumentation amplifier circuits, time response, impedance. Function and characteristics of basic electrical transducers. Resolution, precision and accuracy. Basics of data acquisition. [Note: Normally labs are held alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, Management or Mechanical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'GENE', '005786', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'GENE', '005787', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GENE', '005788', 'UG', 'International Studies in Engineering', 'Engineering students register for this course for credit towards the International Studies in Engineering Option upon return from study or work terms abroad. Credit will be assessed on the basis of a written report and individual interviews. The report may include technical, non-technical, and professional aspects of the foreign residence experience. It may discuss socio-economic aspects of life in the foreign country, and it may compare and contrast conditions in the country or countries involved in the student''s international experiences, or trace the social or political histories of those countries. In all cases the report must include materials addressed to the needs of other students considering a similar experience. The instructor for this course is the Option co-ordinator. Restricted to students who intend to complete the International Studies in Engineering Option. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'GENE', '005789', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GENE', '005807', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GENE', '005809', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'GENE', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Engineering students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PHIL', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'GENE', '005812', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'MSCI', '005813', 'UG', 'Technical Entrepreneurship', 'Technical entrepreneurship is examined considering the role of independent business, entrepreneurial behaviour, types of business and enterprises, business structure, sources of venture concepts and capital, company operation and control, and business start up. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('501', 'GENE', '005816', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('502', 'GENE', '005817', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('503', 'GENE', '005818', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GEOE', '005820', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent geological engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a geological engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (GEOE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, GENE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GEOE', '005821', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of GEOE 400. The final design of the major geological engineering project proposed in GEOE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in GEOE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GEOG', '005823', 'UG', 'Human Geographies: People, Space and Change', 'An introduction to human geography through key subfields of the discipline, examining population change, the rise of cities, our relationship to nature, social inequalities, economic forms, cultural difference and environmental change at the local and global scale.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GEOG', '005824', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Systems: Processes and Change', 'An introductory course in the study of the energy and mass flows that impact the climate and landscape of the Earth system. There is focus on understanding processes of change and variability as well as the impacts of humans on these systems that increasingly define the Anthropocene.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305', 'GEOG', '005834', 'UG', 'Fluvial Geomorphology', 'Emphasis on concepts related to fluvial processes, river mechanics, the relationship between environmental change and river regime. Selected topics include fluvial processes and landscape formation, flow and sediment regimes, channel processes, form and behaviour, river response to natural and anthropogenic change, and river management. [Note: Formerly GEOG 201]', 'Prereq: GEOG 205 or ENVS 274 001 F19 or level at least 2A Environmental Sciences, Water Science Specialization students. Antireq: GEOG 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GEOG', '005839', 'UG', 'Geography of the Global Economy', 'An introduction to globalization of the world economy through an examination of its causes, patterns, and consequences in a variety of geographic contexts.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101 or ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'GEOG', '005895', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and the Southern Ontario Environment', 'Study of the origin and evolution of landforms with emphasis on southern Ontario. Analysis of geomorphic processes. Study of human impact on geomorphological landscapes. The lectures will be supplemented by field trips and field work required for term projects. [Note: Field trip fee normally $55+HST; will not exceed $75+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 201/305 or 209; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GEOG', '005898', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrology', 'Fundamental processes in physical hydrology are addressed. Components of the water balance are examined to determine the nature of their variation in time and space. Precipitation, interception, infiltration, groundwater and soil water processes, evapotranspiration, runoff and storage will be examined from a theoretical and practical viewpoint, and their linkages demonstrated by lab and fieldwork. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'GEOG', '005902', 'UG', 'Physical Climatology', 'Principles of physical climatology with emphasis on regional and global change and variability. Topics include radiation and energy balances, general circulation patterns, synoptic development and micro-climatology.', 'Prereq: GEOG 102 or EARTH 121 or Science and Aviation plans', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'GEOG', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PLAN', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'GEOG', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PLAN', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'GEOG', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'PLAN', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GEOG', '005911', 'UG', 'Geographical Study of Canada', 'An exploration of the geographical bases of Canada''s regional identity. How physical, demographic, and economic geographies have combined to create unique regions within Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'GEOG', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 230, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('383', 'REC', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 280, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'GEOG', '005924', 'UG', 'Settlements of Rural Canada', 'An historical perspective is used to explore the shifting identities of Canada''s dispersed and nucleated rural settlements. Rural growth, decline and restructuring are examined, including a discussion of how various intervention approaches stimulate changes.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GEOG', '005934', 'UG', 'Geography of Transportation', 'Focuses on Canadian transportation systems and issues and is organized into three modules: links between transportation and regional economic development, urban land use - transportation interactions, and sustainable transportation. Approximately one-quarter of the course focuses on analytic techniques including network analysis, category analysis, and the gravity model. Particular attention is paid to trends in air travel and related issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Geography, Geomatics, Planning, or Science and Aviation students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'GEOG', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'PLAN', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'GEOG', '005945', 'UG', 'Resources Management', 'Reviews selected theories, methods, and terminology related to economic, behavioural, institutional and decision-making aspects of resources and environmental problems.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 2B Faculty of Environment students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOG', '005978', 'UG', 'Field Research', 'Field research course in which a specific area will be analyzed from a geographic point of view. Individual or group analysis of specific field problems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $50+HST; will not exceed $150+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293 or GEOG 294; ENVS 278. Antireq: GEOG 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'GEOG', '005982', 'UG', 'Approaches to Research in Human Geography', 'This course develops student skills in the area of research in human geography emphasizing all aspects of design, measurement, and evaluation with a particular emphasis on personal transferable skills (e.g., oral and written communication, working as part of a team). [Note: Formerly GEOG 393]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Geography and Environmental Management, Geography and Aviation, or Geomatics students only. Antireq: GEOG 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('405', 'GEOG', '005992', 'UG', 'Wetlands', 'Basic concepts on the distribution, classification, development, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of wetlands with an emphasis on temperate and boreal/subarctic systems. Human impacts, restoration and reclamation of wetlands are considered with the view of wetlands as functional ecosystems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123 and ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'GEOG', '005994', 'UG', 'Environmental Hydrology of Terrestrial Ecosystems', 'This course focuses on ecological and biogeochemical processes that are linked to the terrestrial hydrological cycle and how these relate to the management of natural resources. The objectives of this interdisciplinary course are to explore topics that integrate ecosystem processes with physical hydrology and examine the impacts of human activities on ecohydrological and hydrochemical processes within terrestrial systems. This course focusses on the storage and movement of water, solutes and nutrients within selected ecosystems (forests, agricultural, wetlands), considering the biogeochemical consequences of human activity such as climate change, wetland drainage, agriculture, and forest harvesting. [Note: WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('409', 'GEOG', '005996', 'UG', 'Energy Balance Climatology', 'A field and lecture course including the radiation and energy balances of various surfaces, the principles of turbulent energy exchange, and the biotic response to the energy environment. These concepts will be illustrated through the collection and examination of field data. The student will be responsible for presentation of a seminar on an assigned topic as well as presentation of the results of research incorporating data collected at the University of Waterloo weather station.', 'Prereq: GEOG 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('411', 'GEOG', '005998', 'UG', 'The Digital Economy', 'This course explores the spatial, social, cultural, and economic impacts of digital and social media on society from the perspective of economic geography. Content will cover contemporary issues about digital media and economic spaces that create spatial patterns (including international differences) of digital media access and use, social media economies, the sharing economy, influencer and streamer economies, and global online work platforms.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 F17, GEOG 474 001 S18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'GEOG', '006007', 'UG', 'Geographies of Development', 'Examines international development theories and practice, emphasizing the interactions between social, economic, political, and environmental dimensions at the micro- and macro-scales. Selected case studies illustrate divergent outcomes of development and the contested process that development represents.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A Faculty of Environment students only. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 W18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'GEOG', '006008', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'GEOG', '006009', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430C', 'GEOG', '006010', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'GEOG', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PLAN', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'GEOG', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'PLAN', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'GEOG', '006015', 'UG', 'Energy and Sustainability', 'Renewable and non-renewable energy supply systems are compared using economic and environmental measures. Consumption trends and conservation options are considered at the local and global level. Projects are used to demonstrate the economic and environmental challenges in the design of a sustainable energy system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'GEOG', '006019', 'UG', 'Remote Sensing Project', 'Digital image analysis for resource mapping and evaluation using remote sensing data. Topics range from initial data selection to final map production and assessment. Using commercial image analysis software, students will analyse data for a selected area and produce a portfolio of results. In addition, they will undertake a literature review on a selected topic and present highlights of the review at an end-of-term mini-conference.', 'Prereq: GEOG 371; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'GEOG', '006045', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Preparation', 'Preparatory work and first draft of thesis. [Note: Students must have a thesis advisor for department consent to be granted. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293/393 or 294/394; Level at least 3A Honours', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'GEOG', '006046', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Completion', 'Completion of thesis. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 490A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GER', '006056', 'UG', 'Elementary German 1', 'This course aims to bring German language, culture, and everyday life into the classroom. Students with little or no prior knowledge are introduced to the structure of German and develop their listening/comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Classes are communicative and emphasize interaction in German. Online exercises and audio/video materials accompany each chapter of the textbook. [Note: GER 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GER', '006057', 'UG', 'Elementary German 2', 'A continuation of GER 101. [Note: GER 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 101. Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GER', '006070', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 1', 'This course continues the work of GER 101/102. It offers practice in speaking, reading, and writing, with vocabulary building, grammar, and exercises in comprehension. [Note: GER 201 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 201 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 102 or 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GER', '006072', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 2', 'Strengthening of communicative skills, grammar review, vocabulary building, written practice, and conversation on issues of contemporary life in German-speaking countries. [Note: GER 202 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 202 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'GER', '006084', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: Objects', 'An exploration of human-made objects that open up perspectives on German-speaking society and culture. Objects to be studied might include the Berlin Wall, the swastika, Luther''s Bible, donairs, and Volkswagens. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'GER', '006085', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: People', 'An exploration of key figures whose contributions to the arts and intellectual life have shaped German-speaking society and culture. Persons to be studied might include Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Leni Riefenstahl, and Hannah Arendt. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'GER', '006125', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the fall term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'GER', '006128', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the winter term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'GER', '006143', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'German Honours students in their third or fourth year may complete, with departmental permission, a major project, the results of which must be presented in a substantial essay. The topic should reflect the student''s field of interest. [Note: Requests for permission should be submitted to the undergraduate officer, in consultation with the intended faculty advisor, and should include an outline of the project and a bibliography. The project will be assessed and graded by two faculty members.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'GER', '006144', 'UG', 'Reading Course in Approved Topics', 'Reading course in topics chosen in consultation with an advisor. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401A', 'GERON', '006160', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401B', 'GERON', '006161', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GRK', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'RS', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GRK', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'RS', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GRK', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'RS', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GRK', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'RS', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GRK', '006175', 'UG', 'Greek Composition, Grammar and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: GRK 202/RS 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'HIST', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'LS', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HIST', '006196', 'UG', 'War and Society in Europe, 1914-1945', 'This course explores the impact of World Wars 1 and 2 on European society, with a special emphasis on the experiences of the ordinary person.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'HIST', '006208', 'UG', 'Canadian History Through Biography', 'An examination through lectures and films of the lives of Canadian men and women who have played formative roles in developing the Canadian nation. Examples will be drawn from such areas as politics, religion, business and labour, social reform, arts and entertainment, and sports.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'HIST', '006209', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Western Intellectual History Since the Renaissance', 'An exploration of some of the questions and answers posed by thinkers on the human predicament from Renaissance and Reformation times to the modern period. Readings range from Luther to J.P. Sartre, Shakespeare to Marx and Freud.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'HIST', '006211', 'UG', 'Canada at War', 'This course introduces students to the ways in which historians have examined Canada''s military experience. Beginning with the Boer War, and continuing through the two World Wars and the post-war era, students examine the political, social, as well as military effects of war on Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'HIST', '006219', 'UG', 'The Modern World in Historical Perspective', 'This survey of the 20th century explores the non-Western world''s response to a series of selected global themes: the rise of the West; post-colonialism; war and peace; human migration; culture; international organizations; climate change; human rights; disease; and globalization.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HIST', '006220', 'UG', 'History and Film', 'An introduction to issues in modern cultural history through the study of selected narratives and documentary films with supplementary reading, lectures, and discussions. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'HIST', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'REC', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'HIST', '006239', 'UG', 'Smallpox to Medicare: Canadian Medical History', 'Starting with Aboriginal medicine, the course examines topics such as the rise of the medical and nursing professions, changing public attitudes to health and disease, and the evolution of the Canadian health insurance system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'HIST', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'CLAS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'LS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'HIST', '006243', 'UG', 'British History to 1485', 'A survey of the main stages in the transition of Britain from a remote province of the Roman Empire to a prominent state in post-Reformation Europe. Within the chronological framework, political and constitutional as well as ecclesiastical and social developments will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'HIST', '006246', 'UG', 'A History of Popular Culture', 'This course introduces students to the history of Western popular culture and may include the study of popular literature, spectacle and performance, witchcraft, crime, sexual attitudes, consumption, sports, advertising, and the media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'HIST', '006263', 'UG', 'Racism and Response in Canadian History', 'The \"race problem\" has appeared on the Canadian public agenda, but the issue is not of recent origin. This course examines Euro-Canadian attitudes and practices toward non-European minorities from pioneer times to the present and sets racial policies in the context of the evolution of a Canadian national identity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'HIST', '006267', 'UG', 'The Holocaust in History', 'An examination of the Holocaust in the context of the history of modern racism. Study topics will include historic anti-Judaism, scientific racism and the development of modern antisemitism, Nazi \"race\" ideology, wartime policies from ghetto to genocide, resistance movements, Nuremberg trials, Holocaust denial, and universal lessons from the Holocaust.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'HIST', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CLAS', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'HIST', '006281', 'UG', 'History of Modern China, 1911 to the Present', 'Some of the topics studied in this course include: the three stages of warlordism, the May Fourth Movement, and the structure of society in the People''s Republic of China.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'HIST', '006285', 'UG', 'European Business History: From Workshop to Factory and Beyond', 'This course examines the changing nature of work and the workplace in Europe and the impact of those changes on European society. The objective of this course is to develop a better understanding of today''s workplace and its challenges by exploring its historical roots and the forces that gave it shape.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'HIST', '006291', 'UG', 'Mennonite History: A Survey', 'This course covers Mennonite origins, teachings, migrations, settlement patterns, divisions, leaders, institutions, and religious and social practices, indeed all facets of Mennonite history in various national settings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HIST', '006296', 'UG', 'Canada and the Americas', 'This course will examine the economic, cultural, and diplomatic aspects of Canada''s relationship with the United States, Latin America, and the Commonwealth Caribbean from the time of the American Revolution to the present.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'HIST', '006298', 'UG', 'What is History? An Introduction to Historical Thinking', 'This course provides a collegial learning setting within which students are introduced to techniques of historical writing and research, and some examples of the best of recent historical scholarship.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'HIST', '006302', 'UG', 'Canada: Cultures and Conflicts in the Colonial Era', 'This course examines the major themes in pre-Confederation Canadian history including the rise and fall of New France, the creation of British North American societies in the Maritimes and Upper Canada, and economic and political development.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'HIST', '006304', 'UG', 'Canada Since 1867: A New Nation', 'This course examines Confederation, the rise of political parties, Canadian external relations, western discontent, the impact of both World Wars, and political and economic changes in Canada since 1867.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'HIST', '006309', 'UG', 'The United States Through the Civil War Era', 'This historical survey focuses on the emergence of the United States as a nation. The topics explored may include Indigenous peoples, slavery, race, gender, labour, immigration, urbanization, culture, sectionalism, politics, and ideologies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('258', 'HIST', '006310', 'UG', 'The United States Since the Civil War Era', 'This course begins in the aftermath of the Civil War and ends at the present day. Topics may include major social movements, the place of the United States in world politics, immigration and imperialism, and the economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'HIST', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MEDVL', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'HIST', '006316', 'UG', 'Early Modern Europe 1450-1700', 'This course examines European life in the Early Modern Period (1450-1700) and investigates the social, political, religious, and intellectual changes during the Renaissance, the Reformations, and the era of explorations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'HIST', '006317', 'UG', 'The Age of Revolution: Europe in the 19th Century', 'This period marks the emergence of modern-day Europe. The course focuses on the way in which European society, politics, and culture changed, and why. It also examines the continent''s descent into war in 1914.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'HIST', '006342', 'UG', 'The Vietnam War', 'The Vietnam War, the longest war in U.S. history, was fought on two fronts, by American GIs abroad and anti-war protesters at home. Those two subjects, as well as a history of the war from Vietnamese perspectives, are the focus of this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'HIST', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'LS', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('329', 'HIST', '006352', 'UG', 'Origins of the Common Law', 'A study of the common law of England from its introduction in the 11th century to the 15th century. Original documents and court cases will be examined.', 'Prereq: HIST 236/LS 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HIST', '006359', 'UG', 'A Social History of Europe: 1789-1914', 'European society amidst the dramatic changes of the 19th century. Emphasis is given to the impact of the French and industrial revolutions on class, the family, religion, and living conditions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HIST', '006360', 'UG', 'The Nazi Occupation of Europe', 'This course examines the nature and impact of Nazi occupation on Western and Eastern Europe preceding and during World War II and the responses of the people occupied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'HIST', '006372', 'UG', 'Russia: From Tsars to Putin', 'This course examines the history of Russia and the Soviet Union from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Topics include: origins and nature of the Russian Revolution, communist society, Stalinism, the Cold War, and impact of the communist experience on contemporary Russia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'HIST', '006373', 'UG', 'Nazi Germany', 'An examination of the social, economic, and political history of Nazi Germany. Topics may include the rise of the Nazis, the secret police, war, population policies and mass murder, culture, and women.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'HIST', '006377', 'UG', 'Canada''s Social History', 'A topical consideration of key themes, approaches, and chronologies in the history of society in Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('379', 'HIST', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'RS', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'HIST', '006381', 'UG', 'From Macdonald to Laurier: Canada, 1841-1921', 'A topical examination of major political and social developments over this eighty-year period. These include Irish immigration, Confederation, the Riel rebellions, social reform, the development of labour and business, and the Boer and First World Wars.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('388', 'HIST', '006384', 'UG', 'Modern Canada', 'Lectures, tutorials, and independent research will provide a decade-by-decade examination of the central social, political, and economic themes that have helped characterize \"modern Canada\".', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('389', 'HIST', '006385', 'UG', 'Canada in World Affairs', 'An analytical and historical examination of Canadian foreign policy in the international system. Domestic sources of Canadian foreign policy and international sources of Canadian foreign policy are examined in detail.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'HIST', '006390', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'HIST', '006392', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'HIST', '006416', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Special Topics', 'Under exceptional academic circumstances a student may seek permission to pursue a course of independent study under the direction of a faculty member. The special topic is determined in consultation between them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A History majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'HLTH', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GERON', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'HLTH', '006421', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 1', 'This course will be of interest to students pursuing careers in health and those with a general interest in health and health care. Various perspectives of the concepts of health and illness will be introduced. Emphasis is on understanding the origins, factors and conditions that determine health throughout the lifespan, how these factors influence one another and the role/impact of health care. Additional topics include how health is measured, the leading causes of death, illness and disability, as well as how health status has changed throughout history. Students will also learn how to research and critically analyze the health literature and discuss important health issues with their peers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HLTH', '006422', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 2', 'This course expands upon the general concepts introduced in HLTH 101 while extending the discussion to include issues such as: additional barriers to health; disease prevention; and methods used to plan, monitor, and improve individual and population health. Discussion will include when various interventions are justified and why, and where and when combinations of policies, treatments, education, and other approaches are necessary. The health of Canadians relative to that of people in other countries, as well as the inequalities that exist in health status within Canada and around the globe will be examined. Case examples will be used to illustrate points.', 'Prereq: HLTH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'HLTH', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'GERON', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A Gerontology Minor or Option in Aging Studies or Diploma in Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'KIN', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'HLTH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'GERON', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'PSYCH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'HLTH', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102 or PSYCH 101/101R or 121R Antireq: HLTH 220, GERON 220 (Cross-listed with GERON 320)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'GERON', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102, or PSYCH 101/101R/121R; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'HLTH', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'GERON', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HLTH', '006431', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology and Public Health', 'An introduction to the basic biological and toxicological processes that determine the effects of environmental pollutants on human health. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms that give rise to chronic or delayed health effects, such as cancer, genetic mutations, and birth defects.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273, CHEM 120, and one of KIN 217, CHEM 233, 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HLTH', '006432', 'UG', 'Principles of Pathobiology', 'An introduction to the study of biological factors governing disease in humans that will use selected diseases to identify risk factors and illustrate pathogenic mechanisms. The role that behaviour has in modifying biological response to disease may also be considered.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273 and (KIN 217 or CHEM 233 or 237)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'KIN', '006434', 'UG', 'Human Nutrition and Metabolism', 'This course will examine advanced nutrient metabolism and the interplay between diet, biochemistry, and health and disease outcomes. Challenges in assessing dietary intake and the impact of aging and other behaviours such as exercise on nutritional status will be examined. Approaches used in nutritional research will also be introduced.', 'Prereq: KIN 146; One of KIN 217, CHEM 233, CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HLTH', '006437', 'UG', 'Principles of Environmental & Occupational Health', 'Methodological approaches to the detection, assessment, and management of toxic hazards (especially carcinogens) in the workplace and external environment. The health effects of chemical toxicants on specific human organ systems (lung, nervous system, immune system, etc.) are also examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'HLTH', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'GERON', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'KIN', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'SOC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'REC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'HLTH', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth Year School of Public Health Sciences students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GERON', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth year Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'HLTH', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'KIN', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'HLTH', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PLAN', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'GEOG', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432A', 'HLTH', '006445', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (A)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432B', 'HLTH', '006446', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (B)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 432A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'HLTH', '006447', 'UG', 'Experimental Methods', 'This course focuses on the key issues related to the design, conduct, analyses, and interpretation of experimental studies. Examples will be drawn from animal research investigating disease mechanisms and from clinical and population studies investigating efficacy of preventive or therapeutic strategies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health and Health Systems students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'HLTH', '006448', 'UG', 'Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases', 'This course builds upon the concepts learned in HLTH 333. The primary objective is to provide an understanding of the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of non-communicable disease epidemiology. The course emphasizes understanding of epidemiologic methods and identification of risk and protective factors.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HRM', '006474', 'UG', 'Basic Human Resources Management', 'Examines the major areas of human resources administration including recruiting, salary administration, labour relations, benefits administration, employee relations, labour law, and organizational behaviour. Reviews the role of human resources administration in organizations and the manner in which human resources executives contribute to the well-being of a total enterprise. [Offered F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131R', 'SDS', '006501', 'UG', 'Political Ideologies and Social Development', 'This course introduces major political ideologies, their influence in political institutions and public discourse, and their impact on contemporary Canadian social policy and social development. [Note: Formerly ISS 131R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150R', 'SDS', '006502', 'UG', 'Lifespan Processes', 'This course is an introduction to human development that spans conception to death. It provides an overview of events which occur throughout the lifespan and considers how biological, psychological, and social factors may impact healthy development. [Note: Formerly ISS 150R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220R', 'SDS', '006503', 'UG', 'Changing Concepts of Childhood', 'Childhood has changed as a social and cultural concept. This course will trace these changes, examining sociological, psychological, cross-cultural, historical and political factors. Art and literature will also be used to reflect attitudes about childhood. [Note: Formerly ISS 220R]', 'Antireq: HIST 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240R', 'SDS', '006504', 'UG', 'Art and Society', 'Social issues and themes explored through the arts. Topics include art and social change, war and peace, propaganda, art of conscience, and the response of artists to poverty, hunger and catastrophic events. Specific applications include art as cross-cultural awareness and art as therapy. [Note: Formerly ISS 240R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SDS', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, GBDA 205, ISS 250A/B, ISS 250R, KIN 232, LS/SOC 280, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SWREN', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SDS', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SWREN', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'SDS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'RS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350R', 'SDS', '006510', 'UG', 'Adult Life Crises and Events', 'A study of normal events occurring during the adult years, why they happen, and how we cope with them. Relying on research, popular literature, and life experiences, students examine social change, the future, adult development and adjustment. [Note: Formerly ISS 350D]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 150R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'SDS', '006513', 'UG', 'Values and Contemporary Families', 'An exploration of how religious, economic, political, and other social institutions shape values in our society, and what impact society''s changing values are having upon families. [Note: Formerly ISS 350H]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'SDS', '006514', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R [Formerly ISS 398R], 399R; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'SDS', '006515', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R, 399R [Formerly ISS 399R]; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SDS', '006516', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499A. A numeric grade for SDS 499A will be submitted only after completion of SDS 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Social Development Studies', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SDS', '006517', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499B]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ITAL', '006518', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 1', 'An intensive study of the fundamentals of Italian grammar and conversation.', 'Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ITAL', '006519', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 101, with more emphasis on conversation and everyday uses of language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 101. Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ITAL', '006522', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 1', 'Advanced study of grammar. Conversation sessions based on intermediate-level readings reflecting contemporary Italian life. Intensive practice in the spoken and written language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 102 or 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ITAL', '006523', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 201.', 'Prereq: ITAL 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ITAL', '006524', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Italian Society', 'Through lectures, discussions, and readings in Italian, this course studies diverse aspects of contemporary Italian society, such as politics, the arts, food, fashion, and popular culture. In addition to improving their language comprehension and cultural awareness, students will expand their vocabulary and improve their oral and written competencies in Italian.', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'ITALST', '006526', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 1', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, and the arts - up to and including the Renaissance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ITALST', '006527', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 2', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, painting, and music - in the post-Renaissance period, with emphasis on modern Italy.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ITALST', '006528', 'UG', 'Medieval Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literature of the Middle Ages, with special reference to selections from the major works by Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'ITALST', '006529', 'UG', 'Renaissance Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literary production of the 15th and 16th centuries, focusing on selections from the major works by writers of the period.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'ITALST', '006530', 'UG', 'Italian Cinema and the Novel', 'A survey of some of the principal novels of 20th century Italy as they have been adapted in film by Italian directors. Students will study literary and cinematic representations of themes such as the rise of the Italian bourgeoisie, the economic boom of the 1960s, domestic violence, and organized crime.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ITALST', '006531', 'UG', 'Modern Italian Poetry and Theatre', 'This course studies the works of major Italian poets and playwrights, modern and contemporary, paying special attention to works by women authors.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'ITAL', '006532', 'UG', 'Special Topics/Directed Readings', 'This course gives the student an opportunity to study authors and works of special interest which are not covered in other courses. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'JAPAN', '006535', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no knowledge of Japanese to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Hiragana Writing System provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: JAPAN 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 111R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'JAPAN', '006536', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 2', 'Listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills acquired in JAPAN 101R are further developed. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Katakana Writing System are used to develop a more solid grammatical base.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111R', 'JAPAN', '006537', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 1', 'An introductory course to develop basic comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills specifically related to the Japanese business culture. This course is designed for students with little or no previous knowledge of Japanese. [Note: JAPAN 111R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112R', 'JAPAN', '006538', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 2', 'A continuation of JAPAN 111R designed to further develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Language skills required for the business environment are stressed.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'JAPAN', '006539', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 1', 'A continuation of the study of grammar and vocabulary through development of listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. Some study of Japanese culture is also included. By the end of the course, 120 Kanji (Chinese characters in their Japanese readings) will have been introduced.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 102R or 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'JAPAN', '006540', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 2', 'In this course students continue to develop their language skills with an increased emphasis on spoken Japanese. In addition, students work on improving grammatical accuracy and vocabulary development as well as continue to acquire basic information about Japanese culture. The writing of an additional 200 Kanji is taught.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301R', 'JAPAN', '006541', 'UG', 'Third-Year Japanese 1', 'This course concentrates on advanced conversation, polite forms, and idioms. It provides an opportunity to revise and practise the Hiragana and Katakana writing forms. Upon completion, students should be able to write 800 characters and use a Japanese dictionary with ease.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 202R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'KIN', '006543', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy', 'Regional anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the anatomy of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The course focuses on the bones, muscles, and neurovasculature of the limbs and trunk.', 'Coreq: KIN 100L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100L', 'KIN', '006544', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy Laboratory', 'Regional gross anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The anatomy is explored using pre-dissected human cadavers. For the limbs and trunk, the emphasis is placed on structures (muscles, nerves, and bones) involved in gross movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104L', 'KIN', '006545', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Kinesiology Laboratory', 'This lab provides exposure to techniques utilized in the discipline of kinesiology. Students will gain practical skills in tests that measure cardiovascular function, neuromuscular function, and body composition.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'KIN', '006550', 'UG', 'Biomechanics of Human Movement', 'This course will provide students an understanding of human movement from a mechanical perspective, which enables identification of potential risks for injury, optimizes exercise prescription, and promotes understanding of clinical evaluations. Specifically, concepts related to functional anatomy, muscle and passive tissue mechanics, anthropometry, electromyography, and linked segment mechanics are introduced and applied to clinical, occupational, and athletic situations.', 'Prereq: PHYS 111, KIN 104, KIN 104L, MATH 124 or MATH 127; Coreq: KIN 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'KIN', '006552', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy of the Central Nervous System', 'Functionally-oriented anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and the tissues they innervate using pre-dissected cadavers. Major functional systems, including somatosensory and motor pathways, special sense pathways, and integrative systems of the brain, will be examined through an understanding of anatomical connectivity.', 'Prereq: KIN 100, KIN 100L or BIOL 201/301', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'KIN', '006555', 'UG', 'Human Biochemistry', 'An elementary course in human biochemistry including the metabolism and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymatic function, energy metabolism, and introductory genetics. Emphasis is placed on clinical and medical applications.', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or 121; Kinesiology, Health Sciences or Honours Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'KIN', '006557', 'UG', 'Introduction to Neurological Disorders', 'An introduction to selected neurological disorders and their implications for physical activity. The neurological disorders examined include those which accompany neuromuscular and perceptual-motor impairment, intellectual disability, cardiovascular and respiratory disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273. Antireq: KIN 242', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'KIN', '006560', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Neuroscience', 'An introduction to the principles of the nervous system control of movement, cognition, and learning. The course will introduce the basic structure and function of the nervous system as it relates to understanding the control of movement and behaviour. The course will provide a foundation for understanding the neural mechanisms of learning, recovery from injury to the nervous system, and the factors that determine skilled performance.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, PSYCH 101, KIN 104, KIN 104L; Coreq: KIN 255L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'KIN', '006568', 'UG', 'Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sport and Activity', 'This course will introduce students to a variety of common orthopedic injuries sustained during sport and activity. Topics covered include the mechanisms of injury, tissue injury biomechanics, pathophysiology, initial assessment, management, and prevention of acute and chronic trauma.', 'Prereq: (KIN 100, KIN 100L) or (BIOL 201/301); Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'KIN', '006574', 'UG', 'Psychology of Physical Activity', 'This course will provide an overview of the field of sport and exercise psychology and examine how various factors impact our interest, passion, and commitment to sport, exercise, and physical activity. Topics include personality, motivation, team dynamics, coaching psychology, interventions, aggression, body image, and youth development through sport.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'KIN', '006575', 'UG', 'Sensory Systems Neuroscience', 'This course will examine how different regions of the nervous system interact to shape our perception, decisions, memories, movements, and consciousness. The focus will be placed on the role of the sensory systems in transducing external stimuli into neural activity, how sensory information is processed within and across sensory modalities (i.e., multisensory integration), and the implications for nervous system function. Topics will be considered from developmental, injury, disease, and aging perspectives.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'KIN', '006576', 'UG', 'Motor Learning and Neuroplasticity', 'This course will examine the neural control of movement and how experience shapes brain reorganization to support skilled motor ability. Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies will be considered with an emphasis on leveraging principles of motor learning to skill acquisition and skilled performance in sport/occupational environments and the rehabilitation of movement disorders/injuries.', 'Prereq: KIN 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'KIN', '006578', 'UG', 'Environmental Physiology', 'This course will examine the human cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses at rest and during exercise in altered gravitational, thermal, humidity, and barometric environments.', 'Prereq: KIN 308/408', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('416', 'KIN', '006581', 'UG', 'Neuromuscular Integration', 'An examination of the neural processes involved in the maintenance of posture and the control of movement.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273 or PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'KIN', '006582', 'UG', 'Occupational Biomechanics', 'A course designed to provide the student with knowledge to reduce the risk of injury and increase worker productivity. Issues include identification of injury risk factors, understanding injury mechanism, quantitative assessment of injury risk and intervention strategies to reduce the risk of injury. Specific examples include the use of computerized models and EMG methods to analyze low back loading, optimizing tool design and workspace layout and the examination of related issues such as office seating and vibration.', 'Prereq: KIN 320', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'KIN', '006583', 'UG', 'Human Posture, Balance and Gait', 'This course will provide a detailed understanding of the kinematics, kinetics, and neural control of standing posture, stepping, walking, and running. Measurement techniques and the interpretation of movement data will be emphasized from biomechanical and neural control perspectives. Applications to aging and pathology will be emphasized.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('425', 'KIN', '006584', 'UG', 'Biomechanical Modelling', 'This course will examine the quantitative measurement and analysis of the human musculoskeletal system. Multi-segment dynamic movements will be studied using computer programs, with emphasis on kinematics, kinetics and energetics, as well as the use of EMG in the assessment of the control of the movement. Examples are presented from pathological, normal, and athletic movement.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'KIN', '006586', 'UG', 'Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of a research proposal on an approved topic. The topic may include survey, field, laboratory, theoretical, or applied research, program evaluation, mathematical modelling, fitness appraisal, etc. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'KIN', '006601', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposed in KIN 431. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: KIN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'KIN', '006616', 'UG', 'Senior Essay', 'An extensive critical review of the literature on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. The topics will be broader in scope than those associated with specific research proposals.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'KIN', '006631', 'UG', 'Applied Sport Psychology', 'An examination of the methods and techniques for developing psychological skills to enhance performance and personal growth. Focus will be on learning strategies to increase the ability to self-regulate and influence others'' behaviour and improve performance. Topics may include confidence, mental toughness, imagery, concentration, and attention.', 'Prereq: KIN 354', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'KIN', '006632', 'UG', 'Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Movement', 'This course provides a comprehensive introduction to neuropsychology, with emphasis on the implication for movement and discussion of how neurological disorders reflect disturbances at different stages in the sequence of information processing.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 306. Antireq: PSYCH 307, KIN 456', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'KIN', '006633', 'UG', 'Cognitive, Emotional and Motor Assessment', 'This course is designed to provide the student with an introduction to the principles underlying the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions. Measurement issues associated with test development and use, factors involved in the administration and interpretation of test results, and methods of report writing will be examined. Students will learn to administer a number of test instruments used in the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions.', 'Prereq: KIN 456/359. Antireq: KIN 457', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'KIN', '006634', 'UG', 'Seminar in Kinesiology', 'An examination of current major issues and trends in Kinesiology. Students select areas of major interest from a series of faculty introduced topics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'KIN', '006640', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Special Topics', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through guided independent research and/or reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration. [Note: May be repeated in subsequent terms.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'KIN', '006661', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology -- Sports Injuries Assessment', 'Practical experience in the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of sports injuries under the supervision of a Certified Athletic Therapist. Case presentations and musculoskeletal assessments are discussed in a group setting.', 'Prereq: KIN 340; Kinesiology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'KIN', '006664', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology: Movement Assessment Practicum', 'Practical experience in movement assessment of persons from various special populations such as the normal elderly and those with neurological, degenerative, or developmental disorders. Motor functions involving gait, posture, and balance or upper-limb movements will typically be examined in these assessments.', 'Prereq: KIN 242/312, 456/359, 416, 422; Cumulative overall average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'KOREA', '006666', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 1', 'An introductory course for students who have no or little knowledge of Korean to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills along with a sound basis of grammar. The distinctive features of the Korean language and writing system are introduced. Practical oral, reading, and writing exercises develop the students'' grammatical skills. Particular emphasis is placed on the acquisition of a basic working vocabulary. [Note: KOREA 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'KOREA', '006667', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 2', 'Students deepen their understanding of basic grammatical (particularly verb, noun, and adverb) forms and sentence construction and enlarge their general vocabulary. Reading ability is expanded, and more attention is given to idiomatic expressions and the use of the language in actual contexts.', 'Prereq: KOREA 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'KOREA', '006668', 'UG', 'Second-Year Korean 1', 'Designed for students who have completed KOREA 102R or the equivalent. To achieve a balanced Korean language proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, a variety of teaching materials and methods is used. The text includes adapted versions of short stories, essays, and poems.', 'Prereq: KOREA 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'LAT', '006670', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 1', 'A course designed for students beginning the study of Latin or who have not yet reached the level expected in LAT 201/202. Although the teaching approach emphasizes exposure to simple texts as soon as possible, students desiring minimal competence in reading should go on to do LAT 102.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'LAT', '006671', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 2', 'Continuation of LAT 101. Most of the rules of Latin grammar will be covered by the end of the year, and students should have a minimal competence in reading prose texts; but for the remaining grammar and further practice students should go on to do LAT 201.', 'Prereq: LAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'LAT', '006673', 'UG', 'Intermediate Latin', 'The course will complete the study of Latin grammar and move on to unadapted readings in Latin authors, particularly Caesar.', 'Prereq: LAT 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'LAT', '006674', 'UG', 'Selections from Latin Authors', 'A course designed to follow LAT 201, including both literature and grammar review. Authors normally read are Vergil and Ovid.', 'Prereq: LAT 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LAT', '006678', 'UG', 'Latin Composition, Grammar, and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'LAT', '006689', 'UG', 'Medieval Latin', 'Survey of Medieval Latin poetry and prose.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'LAT', '006692', 'UG', 'Latin Epigraphy', 'The course introduces and investigates Latin inscriptions as evidence for the Latin language and Roman political, religious, legal, social, and economic history.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ME', '006703', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice 1', 'This course is focused on fundamental knowledge and skills essential for academic and professional development in mechanical engineering. It covers basic methods and principles used by mechanical engineers, e.g., fundamentals of technical communication, the design process and problem solving, measurements and data analysis, engineering professionalism, safety, and intellectual property. The fundamentals of engineering graphical communication using computer-aided design (CAD) and freehand sketching will be a significant component of this course. Written, graphical and oral communications are emphasized. Examples are drawn from Mechanical Engineering. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'ME', '006704', 'UG', 'Electrical Engineering for Mechanical Engineers', 'Definitions of electric and magnetic fields. Introduction to circuit theory (direct current) DC circuits, amplifiers, operational amplifiers, single- and three-phase (alternating current) AC circuits. Introduction to basic electronic devices. [Note: Labs are alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: GENE 123', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ME', '006706', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'A continuation of First Year calculus, focusing on calculus of scalar and vector functions of several variables. Both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differentiation, total derivatives, chain rule, transformation of variables, Taylor series. Applications include geometrical problems, error estimation, maxima and minima, least squares curve fits. Multiple integration in standard coordinate systems, Jacobians. Vector calculus, divergence, curl, Laplacian, and Stokes'', Green''s and Divergence theorems. Scalar flux transport, work and energy, conservative force fields. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ME', '006707', 'UG', 'Statistics for Engineers', 'Frequency distributions; measures of central tendency; standard deviation and other measures of dispersion. Probability. Binomial, Poisson, normal distributions. Techniques of sampling and statistical estimation. Tests of hypotheses; significance. The t-test and chi-squared test. Curve fitting by least squares. Statistical process control. Correlation and regression. Experimental design. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'ME', '006708', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Solution of ordinary differential equations. First and higher order differential equations. Nonlinear equations. Linear equations with constant and variable coefficients. Systems of linear equations. Applications involving simple dynamical systems and principles of mass, momentum and heat conservation will emphasize the role of ordinary differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. Introduction to the Laplace transform method for solving ordinary differential equations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'ME', '006709', 'UG', 'Dynamics', 'An introduction to the kinematics of particle and rigid body motion. Impulse-momentum equations. Work-energy methods and Euler''s equations. Simple gyroscopes. Vibrations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115, MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'ME', '006710', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'The relevance of materials to engineering practice. The microstructure of materials, crystallinity and crystal imperfections, glasses, and amorphous solids. Elastic and plastic deformation in metals, viscoelasticity of plastics. Strengthening mechanisms in metals, polymers, and ceramics. Fracture of brittle and ductile solids. Electrical and magnetic properties of materials. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: ME 235, MTE 111', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219', 'ME', '006711', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 1', 'Concept of equilibrium, force analysis of structures and structural components, equilibrium of deformable bodies, stress and strain concepts, stress-strain relationships, stress analysis of prismatic members in axial, shearing, torsional and flexural deformations, shear force and bending moment diagrams. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or 2B Management Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ME', '006712', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 2', 'A general treatment of the behaviour of structural components from the study of stress and strain in solids. Topics include superposition, energy theorems, theories of failure, elastic and inelastic analysis of symmetrical bending, torsion of circular members, columns and stability, and virtual work. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'ME', '006713', 'UG', 'Control of Properties of Materials', 'Phase equilibria, non-equilibrium behaviour, heat treatment of metals, diffusion, strengthening processes. Alloying, composite materials, cold and hot working. Failure of engineering materials; creep, fatigue, corrosion and other environmental degradation processes. Prevention of service failures. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ME', '006714', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 1', 'The engineering science of energy. The scope and limitations of thermodynamics. Macroscopic approach to heat, work, energy and the First Law. Properties and state of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume energy analysis. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, principle of increase of entropy, limiting cycle efficiencies, criteria for equilibrium. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering or level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: MTE 309, SYDE 381', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'ME', '006715', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microprocessors and Digital Logic', 'Number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra. Karnaugh maps and combinational logic design. Sequential logic and state machines. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming using ladder logic and statement list. Microcomputer structure and operation, I/O and interfacing. Assembly language programming. Laboratory work includes microcomputer and PLC programming. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('269', 'ME', '006716', 'UG', 'Electromechanical Devices and Power Processing', 'Review of circuit analysis. Basic electromagnetic theory. DC machines, synchronous generators, transformers, and induction motors. Introduction to typical speed and torque control techniques of machines using power electronic based devices. [Note: Labs: Alternate Weeks. Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Option', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'ME', '006718', 'UG', 'Advanced Engineering Mathematics', 'A continuation of ME 201 and ME 203 in which both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differential equations of mathematical physics: wave, diffusion, Laplace, Poisson equations. Boundary and initial conditions. Separation of variables. Numerical methods for ordinary and partial differential equations. Applications will emphasize the role of ordinary and partial differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, 203; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ME', '006721', 'UG', 'Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines', 'Principles of the geometry of motion, uniform and non-uniform motion, linkage, gears, cams. Synthesis and analysis of mechanisms. Consideration of the static and dynamic forces in machines. Vibration analysis, response to shock, motion and force transmissibility, vibration isolation. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 201 or MTE 202) and (ME 212 or SYDE 182); Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ME', '006722', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 1', 'Adequacy assessment and synthesis of machine elements with a focus on the design process. Static failure of ductile and brittle materials, fatigue analysis of structures. Topics include the design of welds, bolted connections, springs and shafts. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 220, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'ME', '006724', 'UG', 'Manufacturing Processes', 'The principles of manufacturing unit processes including casting, forming, machining and joining. Interactions between design, materials (metals, polymers, ceramics) and processes. Advantages and limitations, relative cost, and production rates of competitive processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219, 230; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ME', '006725', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 1', 'Physical properties of fluids and fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics. Hydrostatics. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. Flow similarity and dimensional analysis as applied to engineering problems in fluid mechanics. Laminar and turbulent flow. Engineering applications such as flow measurement, flow in pipes and fluid forces on moving bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 250 or Coreq: MTE 309); Level at least 3A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'ME', '006726', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 1', 'Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation and solution of steady and transient heat conduction. Radiant heat transfer including exchange laws and view factors. Introductory convective heat transfer. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 250, 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'ME', '006727', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 2', 'Emphasis on applications of thermodynamics to flow processes. Real fluids, evaluation of state functions of real fluids. Non-reacting mixtures, reacting mixtures, equilibrium considerations. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 250; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'ME', '006728', 'UG', 'Introduction to Control Systems', 'Open loop and feedback control. Laws governing mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal control components. Analogies. Analysis of some engineering control systems using block diagram algebra, transient and steady-state operation. Different modes of control. Review of Laplace Transform methods. Concepts of stability. Principles of analog computer simulation. Brief treatment of linear flow graphs and bondgraphs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 203, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ME', '006729', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 2', 'Basic equations of two-dimensional flow, potential flow, exact viscous solutions. Introduction to lubrication, boundary layers, turbulence, and compressible flow. Turbomachinery fundamentals and applications. Selected advanced topics. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering or 4A Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ME', '006731', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Workshop', 'In this course, students study the design process, including needs analysis, problem definition; design criteria and critical parameter identification, generation of alternative solutions; conceptual design, detailed design, optimization; and implementation. Most of the term is devoted to a significant design project in which student groups work independently and competitively, applying the design process to a project goal set by the faculty co-ordinator. The design project typically includes construction of a prototype, and part of the course grade may depend on the performance of the prototype in a competitive test. In exceptional circumstances, the requirement for a prototype may be replaced by a computer simulation, or may be waived. Other mechanical engineering faculty members, particularly those teaching 3B courses, are available to provide advice and supervision to ME 380 students. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 380', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'ME', '006734', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 2', 'A continuation of the ME 322 course in analysis and synthesis of machinery, including advanced analysis of machine elements such as clutches, brakes, couplings, journal bearings and gears. Advanced machine design concepts such as reliability, optimization and techniques for stimulating innovative design. A synthesis project involving the machine elements studied is usually included. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 322; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'ME', '006736', 'UG', 'Industrial Metallurgy', 'This course is intended for those students interested in acquiring a working knowledge of metallurgy. It covers: metals and alloy systems, iron-carbon alloys, heat treatment and the function of alloying elements in steel, corrosion and scale resistant alloys, copper and nickel base alloys, light metals and their alloys; casting, hot and cold working of metals; soldering, brazing and welding; corrosion and oxidation; metal failure analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ME', '006739', 'UG', 'HVAC Load Analysis and Design Fundamentals', 'Advanced psychrometric analysis applied to HVAC system design. Duct design and fan selection. Indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Heating and cooling load calculations. Heat flow through building elements. Solar radiation and solar gains through windows. Infiltration and exfiltration. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architectural, Chemical, Civil, Environmental, or Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'ME', '006740', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 2', 'Selected topics in heat transfer fundamentals and applications. Topics to be covered include the fundamentals of convection with analytical solutions to simple laminar flow problems and approximate solutions to turbulent flow problems based on analogies between momentum and heat transfer. Also covered is radiant exchange in grey enclosures and in black enclosures containing emitting-absorbing gases. The remaining topics will be chosen from design of heat exchangers; condensation heat transfer; boiling heat transfer; and the treatment of problems in heat conduction. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'ME', '006741', 'UG', 'Energy Conversion', 'Review of reserves and consumption trends of Canada''s and the world''s energy resources. Design of fossil-fuel central power plants, including boiler efficiency calculations and advanced steam and binary cycles. Review of atomic physics including fission and fusion energy. Design of nuclear fission power plants including design of reactor core for critical conditions, fuel cycles and radiation hazards. Design considerations for solar energy conversion devices including: availability of solar energy, solar-thermal converters, thermal storage and photovoltaics. Principles of fuel cells and some aspects of their design. Other topics as appropriate. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 353, 354 and level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering) or (MTE 309 and level at least 4A Mechatronics Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ME', '006745', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 1', 'The first of two required courses for the mechanical engineering capstone design project. This course is intended to enable students to engage in in-depth engineering design and decision-making using engineering science while encouraging creativity and resourcefulness, and addressing the criteria listed in the faculty of engineering design rubrics. Students will work in small groups on a design project of their own choosing, or as part of a major student team project. The goal is to develop a design proposal, consisting of the needs analysis, design specifications and project plan, followed by the initial and detailed design work. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 380; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'ME', '006746', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ME 481. The final design of the major mechanical engineering project proposed in ME 481 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design and proof of feasibility of the solution proposed in ME 481. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 380, 481; Level at least 4B Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 482', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'ME', '006748', 'UG', 'Advanced Dynamics and Vibrations', 'This course is a continuation of ME 212 and ME 321. It includes study of planar and three-dimensional motion of rigid bodies and systems, including gyroscopic effects. Vector (Newton''s Method) and analytical (Lagrange''s Equation) methods are used to derive equations of motion. Linear vibrational analyses are performed to examine natural frequencies, stability, and mode shapes. Computer simulation of non-linear systems is discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 212 and 321; Level at least 4A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('531', 'ME', '006751', 'UG', 'Physical Metallurgy Applied to Manufacturing', 'This course will allow the student to develop a more in depth knowledge of physical metallurgy and its application in understanding and solving relevant manufacturing problems. It will begin with a treatment of solid-state diffusion, mass transport and the principles of solidification including constitutional supercooling. This knowledge will then be applied to understand the microstructural development (and resultant properties) which occur in materials during manufacturing processes including casting, solid-state heat treatments, laser processing, and various joining operations. The course will include case studies aimed at providing the students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in a practical way. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('533', 'ME', '006752', 'UG', 'Non-metallic and Composite Materials', 'This course is intended to provide an advanced treatment of the structure, properties, and processing of non-metallic and composite materials based on polymers, metals, and ceramics. The structure and properties of polymers and ceramics in bulk form and as matrices and reinforcements in composites will be covered. Processing methods for non-metallics and composites (example extrusion, injection molding, etc.) will be considered. The geometrical arrangement of fibres within laminae and their influences on elastic and strength properties of composites will be described based on suitable micromechanical models. The role of the matrix and fibre/matrix interface in determining composite properties will be described. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('535', 'ME', '006754', 'UG', 'Welding Metallurgy', 'Metallurgy of welding of steels (carbon, microalloy, low alloy and stainless steels), cast irons, aluminum-based, copper-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, titanium-based and other alloys, (including dissimilar combinations) to explain the effects of welding processes and conditions (including post-weld heat treating) on microstructure and properties; causes and prevention of defects and deficiencies which can occur in different alloys, including porosity, cracking, embrittlement (hydrogen, temper, strain aging, ductile-brittle transition temperatures), overaging; metallurgy of soldered and brazed joints. Laboratory experiments will demonstrate microstructural effects and defects in a range of alloys for different welding processes and conditions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230, 435, 436; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'ME', '006755', 'UG', 'Welding and Joining Processes', 'Introduction to modern welding and joining processes for metals, polymers and ceramics. Fundamentals of the joining process and the influence of the process parameters on weld dimensions, strength and quality. Fusion welding processes such as shielded metal arc, gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, submerged arc welding and others including electron beam and laser beam welding. Resistance welding processes, solid-state welding processes, soldering and brazing. Laboratory exercises will provide hands-on experience with a number of industrially significant welding processes. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 230 or MTE 111; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('547', 'ME', '006762', 'UG', 'Robot Manipulators: Kinematics, Dynamics, Control', 'Homogeneous transformations, D-H convention, forward and inverse kinematics. Differential transformations and Jacobians. Robot dynamics. Programming, trajectory generation and joint control. End-of-arm sensing and outer loop control. Industrial applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (ME 212 or SYDE 182) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: ECE 486', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('548', 'ME', '006763', 'UG', 'Numerical Control of Machine Tools 1', 'Operation fundamentals of NC machine tools. NC part programming: manual and CAD/CAM methods. Mechanics of metal cutting: examples of turning, milling, and drilling. Tool wear and breakage. Optimum cutting conditions. Dimensional and form errors due to static deformations. Dynamics of machining. Laboratory work provides hands-on experience in tool path generation, machining, and measurements of cutting forces and vibration. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 262 or MTE 262) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('555', 'ME', '006764', 'UG', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Need for geometric modelling, historic developments; wire frame models; hidden line removed models; polyhedral models; surface models and solid models. Constructive solid geometry; boundary representation and decomposition modelling. Hybrid models. Data structures and their role in modelling. Curves and surfaces in modelling (Bezier, B-splines and NURBS). Geometric models and the role of engineers. Parametric and feature-based design. The course has a heavy lab component which provides exposure to solid modelling on SDRC IDEAS and PC-based CAD packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 321 and (ME 322 or MTE 322); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('557', 'ME', '006765', 'UG', 'Combustion 1', 'Combustion thermodynamics, introduction to chemical kinetics of combustion, combustion properties of fuels, flammability of combustible mixtures. Flame propagation mechanisms, pre-mixed and diffusional; stability of flames; introduction to combustion aerodynamics, jet flames; atomization; droplet and spray combustion. Elementary ignition concepts and theory. Basic detonation theory. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('559', 'ME', '006766', 'UG', 'Finite Element Methods', 'A course presenting the fundamental ideas involved in conventional finite element analysis in mechanical engineering. Domain discretization, interpolation and shape functions, element derivation and types, element stiffness or property equations, assembly procedure, boundary conditions, solution methods for the algebraic equation system, applications in heat transfer, fluid flow, and stress analysis. Students will, throughout the course, write and test their own finite element code through individual subroutine construction as the course progresses. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 220 or MTE 219) and (ME 303 or MTE 204); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 422', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('561', 'ME', '006767', 'UG', 'Fluid Power Control Systems', 'Properties of hydraulic fluids. Design and function of conventional hydraulic and pneumatic circuits. Characteristics of flow and pressure control valves. Speed control in fluid power circuits. Performance of pumps and fluid motors. Hydrostatic and hydrokinetic transmission systems. Principles of sealing, filtration and heat control in hydraulic circuits. Industrial applications of fluid power systems. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 351 and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('563', 'ME', '006768', 'UG', 'Turbomachines', 'Classification of turbomachines, performance parameters and laws of modelling. Basic equation of flow in turbomachines, compressible flow. Energy transfer in radial and axial turbomachines, performance characteristics, losses and efficiencies. Blade and cascade design, 3 dimensional effects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'ME', '006770', 'UG', 'Aerodynamics', 'An introductory course in aerodynamics for engineers. Kinematics and dynamics of inviscid flow; airfoil dynamics including thin airfoil theory, finite wings, panel methods and airfoil parameters. Boundary layer theory and boundary layer control as applied in aerodynamics. Introduction to high speed aerodynamics. Introduction to dynamics of flight including stability and control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('566', 'ME', '006772', 'UG', 'Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineering Design', 'A course to develop the understanding required to simulate complex fluid flows, such as those found in turbo-machines, duct systems, and other engineering hardware. Course topics include the physics of complex viscous fluid flows, first- and second-order finite control volume discretization methods, iterative algorithms for the solution of sparse matrix equation sets, including multi-grid acceleration, boundary condition modelling, two-equation and Reynolds stress turbulence models, and grid generation techniques. Computational fluid dynamics software is used throughout the course to simulate and analyze complex fluid flows relevant to engineering applications. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('571', 'ME', '006775', 'UG', 'Air Pollution', 'Nature and sources of air pollution, chemical and biological aspects, effects on health and environment. Physical aspects of the atmosphere, thermodynamics, vertical variation of wind and temperature, stability, convection, atmospheric turbulence, diffusion equations, plumes, thermals, jets in stratified flow, radioactive plumes, micrometeorological instrumentation, air pollution control techniques and equipment monitoring instrumentation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('595', 'ME', '006777', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'ME', '006779', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('598', 'ME', '006780', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('599', 'ME', '006781', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MSCI', '006818', 'UG', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 280, BUS 288W, PSYCH 238, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'MSCI', '006819', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics 1', 'A first of a two-course sequence that introduces fundamental concepts in probability and statistics. It covers probability concepts, random variables, graphical display of distributions and data, discrete and continuous probability distributions, sampling, estimation, confidence intervals, experimental design, hypothesis testing, and simple linear regression and correlation. Students learn how to graphically explore data, conduct, and analyze a two-treatment experiment, and model data with linear regression, and interpret its fit. Students learn to use statistical computing software (e.g., R) to perform data analyses. Emphasis is placed on gaining experience with data collected from student-conducted experiments. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ECON 221, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 231, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'MSCI', '006820', 'UG', 'Engineering Economics: Financial Management for Engineers', 'Introductory finance: time value of money, cash flow analysis. Investment evaluation methods: present worth, annual worth, and internal rate of return. Depreciation models and asset replacement analysis. The impact of inflation, taxation, uncertainty, and risk on investment decisions. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Engineering students only. Not open to Architectural, Biomedical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, and Systems Design Engineering students. Antireq: AE 392, BME 364, CIVE 392, ECE 390, ENVE 392, GEOE 392, SYDE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'MSCI', '006821', 'UG', 'Organizational Design and Technology', 'The focus of this course is on the procedures and variables involved in the design and redesign of organizations. Issues such as departmentation, differentiation, integration, internal politics, innovation, authority, and control are discussed in the context of the underlying technology of the organization. Emphasis will be placed on how one designs both the technical and the organizational systems to ensure their compatibility, noting the effects that one has on the other. [Offered: F, W, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'MSCI', '006822', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'This first course in optimization uses a quantitative approach to problem solving involving, mathematical modelling and formulations, solution methods, and output analysis. Students are introduced to a variety of practical problem formulations in management and engineering, a number of solution methods, including, but not limited to, linear optimization, network models, project management, and decision analysis. Students are also involved in a group project, where they go through conceptual and operational model design, analytical solution, output analysis, and recommendation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics except for Software Engineering. Antireq: BME 411, CHE 521, CIVE 332, CO 250, ENVE 320/335, SYDE 411', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'MSCI', '006823', 'UG', 'Stochastic Models and Methods', 'Introduction to operations research models and methods for problems with random, stochastic, and probabilistic components. Topics include birth and death processes, branching processes, waiting line models, and Markov decision processes. Applications include the design, modelling, and analysis of service and manufacturing systems, with emphasis on important functions such as queueing, inventory, reliability, equipment replacement, and maintenance. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (One of BME411,CHE521,CIVE332,CO250,ENVE335,MSCI331,SYDE411) and (One of AE224,BME213,CHE220,CIVE224,ECE203,306,ENVE224,MSCI251,252, ME202,MTE201,NE215,STAT206,211,231,241,SYDE212); Not open to Math students except SE. Antireq: STAT333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'MSCI', '006824', 'UG', 'Production and Service Operations Management', 'Introduction to management, planning, and control decisions in manufacturing and service settings using quantitative approaches. Topic areas include production, inventory, distribution, quality control, facilities layout, and process design. Students are exposed to a number of examples and case studies, and work on a project that involves analysis and discussion of improved designs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212); Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: MSCI 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'MSCI', '006826', 'UG', 'Impact of Information Systems on Organizations and Society', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with issues related to the impact of computer-based technologies on individual jobs, organizations, and broader societal level. Particular emphasis will be placed on critical examination of various issues including privacy, security, ethical concern and professional responsibilities. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'MSCI', '006827', 'UG', 'Decision Making Under Uncertainty', 'This course deals with normative, descriptive, and prescriptive theories and models of decision making under uncertainty. The course focuses on concepts such as risk measures, Bayes theorem, and basic and multi-attribute utility theories. The course uses these concepts to build analytical decision-making models considering the randomness and/or risk-attitude of the decision-makers. Various forms of decision analysis techniques will be covered and typically include, expected utility maximization, the value of information analysis, one/two-way sensitivity analysis, and sequential Bayesian inference. Practical uses and limitations of the models and techniques will be illustrated. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, MSCI 251, 252, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'MATH', '006847', 'UG', 'Introductory Algebra for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of algebra to business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. Topics will be chosen from linear equations, systems of linear equations, linear inequalities, functions, set theory, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem, probability theory. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following faculties: ARTS, AHS or ENV. Not open to Acc''ting & Fin Mgt students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'MATH', '006848', 'UG', 'Introductory Calculus for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of calculus in business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. The models studied will involve polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The major concepts introduced to solve problems are rate of change, optimization, growth and decay, and integration. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following Faculties: ARTS, AHS, ENV, SCI. Antireq: MATH 127, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'MATH', '006862', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra for Engineering', 'Linear equations, matrices and determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Eigenvalues and diagonalization. Applications. Complex numbers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 136, 146, NE 112', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MATH', '006865', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions: review of polynomials, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric. Operations on functions, curve sketching. Trigonometric identities, inverse functions. Derivatives, rules of differentiation. Mean Value Theorem, Newton''s Method. Indeterminate forms and L''Hopital''s rule, applications. Integrals, approximations, Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Applications of the integral. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open to students in Engineering excluding Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 117, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MATH', '006866', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions of engineering importance; review of polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions; trigonometric functions and identities. Inverse functions (logarithmic and trigonometric). Limits and continuity. Derivatives, rules of differentiation; derivatives of elementary functions. Applications of the derivative, max-min problems, Mean Value Theorem. Antiderivatives, the Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Methods of integration, approximation, applications, improper integrals. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 116, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118', 'MATH', '006867', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Methods of integration: by parts, trigonometric substitutions, partial fractions; engineering applications, approximation of integrals, improper integrals. Linear and separable first order differential equations, applications. Parametric curves and polar coordinates, arc length and area. Infinite sequences and series, convergence tests, power series and applications. Taylor polynomials and series, Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Engineering excluding students in Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 119, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('119', 'MATH', '006868', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Elementary approximation methods: interpolation; Taylor polynomials and remainder; Newton''s method, Landau order symbol, applications. Infinite series: Taylor series and Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, geometric series, convergence test, power series, applications. Functions of several variables: partial derivatives, linear approximation and differential, gradient and directional derivative, optimization and Lagrange multipliers. Vector-valued functions: parametric representation of curves, tangent and normal vectors, line integrals and applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 118, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'MATH', '006869', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 1', 'Systems of linear equations. Matrix algebra. Determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 103 or 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: MATH 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'MATH', '006870', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 2', 'Vector spaces. Linear transformations and matrices. Inner products. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Diagonalization. Applications. [Offered: F,S; online: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 106 or 136 or 146. Antireq: MATH 235, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('127', 'MATH', '006871', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for the Sciences', 'Functions of a real variable: powers, rational functions, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions, their properties and inverses. Intuitive discussion of limits and continuity. Definition and interpretation of the derivative, derivatives of elementary functions, derivative rules and applications. Riemann sums and other approximations to the definite integral. Fundamental theorems and antiderivatives; change of variable. Applications to area, rates, average value. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 104 or 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 109, 116, 117, 124, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('128', 'MATH', '006872', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for the Sciences', 'Transforming and evaluating integrals; application to volumes and arc length; improper integrals. Separable and linear first order differential equations and applications. Introduction to sequences. Convergence of series; Taylor polynomials, Taylor''s Remainder theorem, Taylor series and applications. Parametric/vector representation of curves; particle motion and arc length. Polar coordinates in the plane. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 138, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('135', 'MATH', '006878', 'UG', 'Algebra for Honours Mathematics', 'An introduction to the language of mathematics and proof techniques through a study of the basic algebraic systems of mathematics: the integers, the integers modulo n, the rational numbers, the real numbers, the complex numbers and polynomials. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE or Software Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('136', 'MATH', '006879', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, elementary matrices, computational issues. Real n-space, vector spaces and subspaces, basis and dimension, rank of a matrix, linear transformations, and matrix representations. Determinants, eigenvalues and diagonalization, applications. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE students) or Science Mathematical Physics students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('137', 'MATH', '006880', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Absolute values and inequalities. Sequences and their limits. Introduction to series. Limits of functions and continuity. The Intermediate Value theorem and approximate solutions to equations. Derivatives, linear approximation, and Newton''s method. The Mean Value theorem and error bounds. Applications of the Mean Value theorem, Taylor polynomials and Taylor''s theorem, Big-O notation. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 127, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('138', 'MATH', '006881', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Introduction to the Riemann integral and approximations. Antiderivatives and the fundamental theorem of calculus. Change of variables, methods of integration. Applications of the integral. Improper integrals. Linear and separable differential equations and applications. Tests for convergence for series. Binomial series, functions defined as power series and Taylor series. Vector (parametric) curves in R2. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 116 or 117 or 127 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 137 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'MATH', '006886', 'UG', 'Algebra (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 145 is an advanced-level version of MATH 135. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 135', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('146', 'MATH', '006887', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 146 is an advanced-level version of MATH 136. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 135 may contact the instructor of MATH 146 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 145; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('147', 'MATH', '006888', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 147 is an advanced-level version of MATH 137. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 124, 127, 137', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('148', 'MATH', '006889', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 148 is an advanced-level version of MATH 138. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 137 may contact the instructor of MATH 148 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 147; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 138', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MATH', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 119; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 350, MATH 218, 228', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'ECE', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: 2A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'MATH', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 211/ECE 205; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 217, 227, 237, 247', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'ECE', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: 2B Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MATH', '006897', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Chemical Engineering', 'Curves and surfaces in R3. Multivariable functions, partial derivatives, the chain rule, gradients. Optimization, Lagrange Multipliers. Double and triple integrals, change of variable. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem and Stokes'' theorem. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, CIVE 221, ENVE 221, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 227, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217, ME 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'MATH', '006898', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Engineers', 'First order equations, second order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions, the Laplace transform method, systems of linear differential equations. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148, SYDE 112; Engineering or Earth Science students only. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350, 351, CIVE 222, ENVE 223, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 212N, 228, ME 203, SYDE 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MATH', '006907', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Physics', 'Directional derivative and the chain rule for multivariable functions. Optimization, Lagrange multipliers. Double and triple integrals on simple domains; transformations and Jacobians; change of variable in multiple integrals. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Line and surface integrals, Green''s Theorem, Stokes'' Theorem, Gauss'' Theorem, conservative vector fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Only open to Science students in honours plans. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 217, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'MATH', '006908', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Physics and Chemistry', 'First-order equations, second-order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions and special functions, the Laplace transform method. Applications in physics and chemistry are emphasized. [Offered: F,W; online: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'MATH', '006913', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Orthogonal and unitary matrices and transformations. Orthogonal projections, Gram-Schmidt procedure, best approximations, least-squares. Inner products, angles and orthogonality, orthogonal diagonalization, singular value decomposition, applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 106 or 114 or 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or (MATH 136 with a grade of at least 60%) or MATH 146; Honours Mathematics or Mathematical Physics students. Coreq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148. Antireq: MATH 225, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'MATH', '006914', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Mathematics', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Limits, continuity, differentiability, the chain rule. The gradient vector and the directional derivative. Taylor''s formula. Optimization problems. Mappings and the Jacobian. Multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems. [Note: MATH 247 may be substituted for MATH 237 whenever the latter is a plan requirement. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146) and (MATH 128 with at least 70% or MATH 138 with at least 60% or MATH 148); Honours Math or Math/Physics students. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 212N, 217, 227, 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'MATH', '006915', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics', 'Introduction to graph theory: colourings, matchings, connectivity, planarity. Introduction to combinatorial analysis: generating series, recurrence relations, binary strings, plane trees. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ((MATH 106 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 136 or 146) and (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145)) or level at least 2A Software Engineering; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'MATH', '006920', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 245 is an advanced-level version of MATH 235. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 225, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'MATH', '006921', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 (Advanced Level)', 'Topology of real n-dimensional space: completeness, closed and open sets, connectivity, compact sets, continuity, uniform continuity. Differential calculus on multivariable functions: partial differentiability, differentiability, chain rule, Taylor polynomials, extreme value problems. Riemann integration: Jordan content, integrability criteria, Fubini''s theorem, change of variables. Local properties of continuously differentiable functions: open mapping theorem, inverse function theorem, implicit function theorem. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146, 148; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('249', 'MATH', '006922', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 249 is an advanced-level version of MATH 239. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with minimum grade of 80% or MATH 145) and (MATH 136 or 146); Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'COMM', '006938', 'UG', 'Commercial and Business Law for Mathematics Students', 'The judicial process, contract law, agency, bankruptcy, negotiable instruments, law of banking, insurance law, partnership law, company law, torts, real estate law.', 'Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, ECE 290; (For Mathematics students only) BUS 231W, CIVE 491, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401, MTHEL 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'MTHEL', '006940', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematics Education', 'Current trends in education, professional practices and administration, the role of the department head, lesson planning, techniques of teaching, evaluation of students, special students, extracurricular activities, the relationship between elementary and secondary school mathematics, audio-visual materials. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Mathematics Teaching students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'COMM', '006943', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship, Technology and the Emerging Information Economy', 'A study of the spirit of entrepreneurship in the technology industry, opportunities emerging in the new information economy, and the implementation issues associated with starting an entrepreneurial venture in today''s rapidly changing environment. Many of the concepts covered will also be applicable to careers in the technology industry or in information-based companies, where \"intrapreneurship\" is an emerging theme. Approximately one-half of the class time will involve guest lectures by entrepreneurs actively involved in the business community. [Note: COMM 400 would serve as an excellent sequel to ECON 220 which focuses on identifying markets for viable entrepreneurial ideas, but ECON 220 is not a prerequisite.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 440W, MTHEL 400', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'MUSIC', '006944', 'UG', 'Understanding Music', 'The styles, forms, techniques, and terminology of Western music through lectures and listening, as exemplified by great works from all eras of music history. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'MUSIC', '006948', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Music Theory', 'An introduction to the primary skills of music practice emphasizing the reading and writing of musical notation. Students will learn elementary keyboard, listening, and sight-singing skills. [Note: For students with minimal musical background. Does not fulfil Music major or minor requirements.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MUSIC', '006951', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MUSIC', '006952', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 116', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140', 'MUSIC', '006959', 'UG', 'Popular Music and Culture', 'An examination of the styles, forms, and development of 20th century popular music. The social, commercial, and technological aspects of popular music are considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'MUSIC', '006981', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 117', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MUSIC', '006982', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 216', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'MUSIC', '006986', 'UG', 'Conducting 1', 'A study of conducting techniques appropriate for song leading, choral rehearsal, and public performance. The course will include score analysis and rehearsal procedures for music from a wide variety of historical styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'MUSIC', '006988', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Royal Conservatory Grade 8 Level. Audition required. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Studio Fee.]', 'Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MUSIC', '006989', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 226. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'MUSIC', '006990', 'UG', 'Music Cognition', 'The study of music from a behavioural science perspective. Topics include auditory perception, creativity and aesthetic experience, emotive human responses, and the social psychology of music activities. Recent research in the field of music cognition will be explored in detail.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'MUSIC', '006991', 'UG', 'Introduction to Jazz', 'A survey of the development of jazz schools and individual styles as well as a study of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic improvisation. Styles will be demonstrated through recordings and live performance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'MUSIC', '007001', 'UG', 'Cathedral and Court: Music to 1600', 'A study of major developments in western music during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, including Gregorian chant, mass, secular songs, instrumental music, and other musical genres that flourished under courtly and church patronage from the early Christian church to 1600.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'MUSIC', '007002', 'UG', 'Monteverdi to Mozart: Music from 1600-1800', 'A study of Baroque and Classical music of the 17th and 18th centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of opera, choral music, symphony, sonata, and the music of Monteverdi, Bach, Handel, Mozart, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'MUSIC', '007003', 'UG', 'The Romantic Century: Beethoven and Beyond', 'A study of music of the 19th century in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of principal forms in the music of Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, Bruckner, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'MUSIC', '007004', 'UG', 'Music Since 1900', 'A study of music of the 20th and early 21st centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include modern and contemporary composers'' challenges to traditional musical ideals in the music of Debussy, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Cage, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MUSIC', '007009', 'UG', 'The Symphony', 'A survey of the great symphonies from Haydn to Stravinsky, through lectures and listening. A portion of the course will be devoted to works being performed by the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony Orchestra during the term. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'MUSIC', '007018', 'UG', 'Music Theory 1', 'The study of basic melodic, harmonic, and voice leading concepts including an introduction to figured bass and functional harmony. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work. [Note: A basic knowledge of scales, triads, and music notation is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'MUSIC', '007020', 'UG', 'Music Theory 2', 'The study of harmony, counterpoint, and form of 18th and early 19th century music. Sight-singing, ear-training, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'MUSIC', '007025', 'UG', 'Music and Technology', 'A hands-on introduction to music and technology, including recording, audio editing, digital signal processing, and Musical Instrumental Digital Interface (MIDI). Course work will foster a practical understanding of digital music production software and techniques, and involve electroacoustic or acoustic composition. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'MUSIC', '007036', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'MUSIC', '007037', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 316', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'MUSIC', '007038', 'UG', 'Conducting 2', 'A continuation of the study of conducting techniques begun in MUSIC 222. The course focuses on the development of analytical and musical skills including score study, aural skills, and gestural clarity.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'MUSIC', '007039', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110; 227, 270; Music majors and minors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'MUSIC', '007040', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 326; Music majors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'MUSIC', '007041', 'UG', 'Aesthetics of Music', 'This course employs various methods to explore questions of musical meaning. Through study and discussion of selected sources from antiquity to the present, such themes as imitation, abstraction, beauty, and other debated issues will be examined in historical context and in relation to the other arts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'MUSIC', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'GSJ', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'MUSIC', '007045', 'UG', 'Music and Culture Travel Course', 'A spring term seminar approximately three weeks long, taught on location including daily lectures, attendance at music performances, and tours to places of cultural importance. Past and possible future locations include Vienna, London, Leipzig, South Africa, Morocco, Bali, and Estonia. [Note: Additional costs will apply. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'MUSIC', '007049', 'UG', 'Art Song', 'A study of the music written for solo voice from the 17th century to the present.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'MUSIC', '007050', 'UG', 'Piano Literature', 'A study of music for solo piano from its 17th and 18th century antecedents to the present. Using historical and analytical approaches, individual works will be considered within a tradition of particular forms, genres, and styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'MUSIC', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'RS', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CMW', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'MUSIC', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'RS', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'CMW', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'MUSIC', '007058', 'UG', 'Music Theory 3 (19th Century)', 'The study of chromatic harmony as well as melodic and formal aspects of 19th-century music. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'MUSIC', '007059', 'UG', 'Music Theory 4 (20th Century)', 'The study of the compositional aspects of 20th century music, including extended tonality, atonality, 12-tone writing, neo-classical idioms, and contemporary compositional procedures. Lab sessions will cover non-tonal melodic reading and complex chord structures.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('376', 'MUSIC', '007064', 'UG', 'Composition Seminar', 'An exploration of the discipline and craft of composing and arranging. Topics include choral, chamber ensemble, and orchestral techniques; electronic music; and charting for popular music. The course includes both score preparation and opportunities for recital performances of original works.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'MUSIC', '007066', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'MUSIC', '007069', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'MUSIC', '007072', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Music', 'A special study of a selected topic in music. Consult department for details. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'MUSIC', '007076', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 327. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('427', 'MUSIC', '007077', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 426. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417. Antireq: MUSIC 428', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'MUSIC', '007083', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'An independent research project for Honours Music students. The topic is determined through consultation between the student and a faculty advisor.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 491', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'OPTOM', '007086', 'UG', 'Pathophysiology', 'Pathogenesis of human disease based on a molecular and cellular framework. Fundamental concepts such as homeostasis, cell injury, protective responses (inflammation, fever, immune response) and the healing process. Systemic pathophysiology: abnormal functions of the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, nervous system, urinary system, muscular system, respiratory system and digestive system.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'OPTOM', '007087', 'UG', 'Neuroanatomy', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the head and neck, with emphasis on the special senses. The course includes neuroanatomy as a basis for understanding how various neuronal systems function.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('105', 'OPTOM', '007088', 'UG', 'Medical Microbiology', 'Bacterial physiology and genetics, normal flora, bacteria (including chlamydiae and rickettsiae), fungi, viruses, parasites and related diseases, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms of ocular disease and relevant ocular manifestations in appropriate topics.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'OPTOM', '007089', 'UG', 'Geometrical, Physical and Visual Optics', 'Nature of light, wave motion and superposition, rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction, image formation and quality, optical properties of plane and curved surfaces, prisms and thin lenses. Apertures and pupils. Thick lens theory, lens systems, ray construction, Fraunhofer diffraction and resolution limit. Fresnel diffraction. Simple optical eye models. Refractive error and its correction. Interference and coherence of light:applications. Lasers.', 'Prereq: (PHYS 111, 111L, 112, and 112L) or (PHYS 121, 121L, 122 and 122L) and MATH 127; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'OPTOM', '007090', 'UG', 'Visual Perception 1: Perception of Light', 'Sensory processes involved in visual perception. Topics include spectral sensitivity, light and dark adaptation, temporal and spatial resolution, and principles of photometry.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('114', 'OPTOM', '007092', 'UG', 'Ocular Anatomy and Physiology', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the eye. The course includes histology, gross anatomy and physiology, as a basis for understanding how the various ocular structures function individually and interact with each other. The course emphasizes the processes operating to maintain the eye as a viable organ and provides a patho-physiological and clinical perspective of the implications of breakdown of these mechanisms.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 104; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'OPTOM', '007093', 'UG', 'Systemic Disease', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis and management of diseases affecting the organs and tissues of the human body including: circulatory, hemopoietic/lymphoid, lungs/upper respiratory tract, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver/biliary tract, pancreas, urogenital system, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, skin, nervous system diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 103, 105; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'OPTOM', '007097', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 1', 'Single vision spectacle lenses. Lens and frame materials. Optical and ophthalmic instrumentation. Image quality. Polarization. Tinted lenses. Decentration and prismatic effect. Obliquely crossed cylinders. Spectacle magnification. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of spectacle lens power.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'OPTOM', '007102', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 2', 'Multifocal spectacle lenses. Aberrations of thin lenses and spectacle lens design. Prescribing and fitting of spectacles. Environmental and occupational prescribing. Prescription analysis. Ophthalmic and visual standards. Computer vision syndrome. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of complex spectacle lenses, and spectacle frame adjustment and repairs.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106, 216; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'OPTOM', '007104', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 2', 'Basic and clinical ocular motility. Basic concepts of ocular motility are integrated with clinical methods. Assessment and diagnosis of strabismic and non-strabismic disorders.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 142, 152; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'OPTOM', '007106', 'UG', 'Diseases of the Eye 2', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and epidemiology of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye; higher visual and oculomotor systems; multisystem diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'OPTOM', '007107', 'UG', 'Clinical Ocular Pharmacology', 'Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of ophthalmic drug design and delivery. Selection and use of ophthalmic diagnostic pharmaceutical agents, palliative agents and therapeutic pharmaceutical agents. Mechanism of action, contraindications and adverse drug reactions. Recommended guidelines for use and follow-up procedures.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245, 231, 255; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'OPTOM', '007113', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 3', 'Spectacle frame materials. Fitting and adjusting techniques. Selection of lens design. Lenses for high myopia. Dispensing of eye protectors. Optics of low vision aids. Patient counselling and management of dispensing problems. Laboratories provide experience in practical aspects of ophthalmic dispensing.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 216, 246) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'OPTOM', '007115', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 1', 'Indications and contra-indications for contact lens wear. Lens selection and design. Fitting and evaluating rigid and hydrogel soft contact lenses. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of contact lens materials. Optical and mathematical concepts. The ocular physiological response to contact lens wear. Care and maintenance of contact lenses.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 143, 246, 252) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348A', 'OPTOM', '007118', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348B', 'OPTOM', '007119', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'OPTOM', '007128', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 2', 'Detection and management of chronic and acute complications induced by contact lenses. Contact lens management options for special conditions such as dry eye, aphakia, and keratoconus (and other corneal irregularities). Disposable lenses and replacement regimens. Extended wear options. Alternative management of refractive errors such as orthokeratology and refractive surgery. Contact lenses and presbyopia.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 155/245, 347) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'OPTOM', '007132', 'UG', 'Case Analysis 3', 'Building on analytical principles developed in OPTOM 342, this course involves student, case-based presentations in a grand rounds format. Each student chooses one, different, interesting case from his/her previous clinical experience. The student presents the case and answers questions related to the case and the patient''s condition(s). Faculty discussants will direct the students in assessing the basic and clinical science features of the cases. Patient cases may be chosen from any aspect of optometric practice.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'OPTOM', '007134', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of literature review on the student''s area of interest, experimental design proposition, and preliminary data. Before registering in the course the student and the designated supervisor must submit to the coordinator a research proposal for the student''s research area. The format of the paper is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters, in journal style, or in an oral presentation, during the registered term, at seminar sessions (OPTOM 609/OPTOM 629).', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'OPTOM', '007136', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 3', 'Supervised optometric patient care in a variety of the University of Waterloo optometric clinical settings. Activities include assessment, diagnosis and management of disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions, dispensing and fitting of optometric appliances and rehabilitative vision care. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'OPTOM', '007137', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 1', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one or more external clinical settings.This course is complementary to OPTOM 468 Clinical Clerkship 2 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('468', 'OPTOM', '007138', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 2', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one, or more, external clinical settings. This course is complementary to OPTOM 458 Clinical Clerkship 1 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'OPTOM', '007140', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposal in OPTOM 441 and it is recommended that the format of the report, to be determined with the supervisor, follow the format selected for OPTOM 441.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 441; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461S', 'OPTOM', '007150', 'UG', 'Optometry Seminar', 'This is a seminar course.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477', 'OPTOM', '007152', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 4', 'This course will provide an opportunity for optometry students to discuss and evaluate clinical techniques, instrumentation, and ideologies not covered in the current curriculum. Students will be encouraged to use their basic knowledge of the vision sciences to provide a perceptive critique of the clinical subjects addressed.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PACS', '007191', 'UG', 'Roots of Conflict, Violence, and Peace', 'An examination of influential theories about the sources and nature of conflict, violence, and peace. Contributions from the social sciences as well as the humanities will be explored, with attention to connections between interpersonal, intergroup, and international levels of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PACS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'LS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'PACS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students. Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'LS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'PACS', '007203', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Peace and Conflict Studies 2', 'A seminar course investigating special issues related to peace and conflict. Content may vary from year to year. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'PACS', '007210', 'UG', 'Doing Development: Issues of Justice and Peace', 'This course introduces a variety of theoretical and practical perspectives on international development. It examines current and alternative development programs in terms of their contribution to justice and/or peace at local, national, and global levels.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PACS', '007211', 'UG', 'Quest for Peace in Literature and Film', 'A study of works of literature and film which express a resistance to war. The course examines how the desire to articulate an anti-war position has engaged the artistic sensibilities and shaped the visions and modes of expression of selected writers and filmmakers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'PACS', '007212', 'UG', 'Community Conflict Resolution', 'An analysis of the growing use of mediation and other conflict resolution strategies in community conflicts, race relations, church disputes, and alternatives to the legal system. The course focuses on case studies with attention to both practical and theoretical issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PACS', '007213', 'UG', 'Restorative Justice and Transformative Education', 'This seminar course presents alternative ways of designing the educational experience using restorative justice as a foundation. It applies the principles and practices of restorative justice to many aspects of education including dealing with conflict, curriculum development, school culture, and system issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PACS', '007215', 'UG', 'Internship', 'An internship allows students to engage in experiential learning with an organization that deals with peace and conflict issues, in either a Canadian or international context. The course integrates theory and practice, while facilitating the development of attitudes, strategies, skills, and knowledge that support work in a Peace and Conflict Studies-related setting. Students will identify an appropriate placement, read relevant texts, and submit a report reflecting on what the internship revealed about the integration of peace and conflict studies theory and practice. [Note: Additional costs should be expected.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PACS', '007217', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PACS', '007218', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110A', 'PHIL', '007228', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy: Knowledge and Reality', 'An introduction to central issues in metaphysics and epistemology. Questions to be considered might include: \"Can we know anything?\", \"Does God exist?\", \"Is the mind just a brain?\", \"Do human beings have free will?\"', 'Antireq: PHIL 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100J', 'PHIL', '007231', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy', 'This course seeks to introduce students to the nature of philosophy. This is done through the examination of core texts and figures in the history of philosophy as well as in the discussion of perennial philosophical questions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118J', 'PHIL', '007241', 'UG', 'Virtue and the Good Life', 'An examination of the importance of virtue in general and of the cardinal virtues in particular (practical wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation) for the development of moral character and the enjoyment of the good life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120J', 'PHIL', '007242', 'UG', 'The Meaning of Life', 'We may have distinct ideas about the reason why we do this or that, but is there a point to our existence as a whole? What do or should we live for? Or is life essentially meaningless or even absurd? What do such questions mean and how can we best answer them? The views of different philosophers will be explored and compared.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'PHIL', '007246', 'UG', 'Critical Thinking', 'An analysis of basic types of reasoning, structure of arguments, critical assessment of information, common fallacies, problems of clarity and meaning.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'PHIL', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'CLAS', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'PHIL', '007249', 'UG', 'Great Works: Modern', 'A historical survey of modern philosophy in the Western tradition. [Note: Formerly PHIL 250B.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 250B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200J', 'PHIL', '007250', 'UG', 'Aristotelian Logic', 'An introduction to the understanding of how words are used, the formation of propositions, the construction of arguments and the examination of fallacies to help the student argue with order, facility and without error.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PHIL', '007251', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Sex and Love', 'Classic and contemporary philosophical examination of sex and love. Questions considered might include the following: Do you love because your love-object is worthy, or do you find your love-object worthy because of your love for them? Does sex ever involve using persons as mere means to an end? Should it?', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PHIL', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GSJ', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204J', 'PHIL', '007254', 'UG', 'Philosophy and Culture', 'An exploration of the nature of culture and its role in the life and development of the human being through an analysis of the assumptions of Western popular culture in such areas as technology and the internet, individual freedom, sexuality, and the global economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305J', 'PHIL', '007256', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Nature', 'A philosophical study of the most fundamental and common aspects of the natural world. After examining how such a study differs from and complements modern science, topics such as nature, matter, change, cause, time, and chance will be explored.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306J', 'PHIL', '007257', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Science', 'A philosophical study of the approaches to the material world used by contemporary physical science. The nature and the value of the experimental method in the writings of scientists past and present will be examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208', 'PHIL', '007259', 'UG', 'Philosophy Through Science Fiction', 'Questions regarding such matters as the nature of knowledge, logic and language, mind and brain, space and time, causality, ethics, and politics are explored through classic philosophic texts and science fiction narratives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'PHIL', '007260', 'UG', 'Philosophy in Literature', 'Philosophical themes will be explored through appropriate literary works.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210J', 'PHIL', '007263', 'UG', 'Human Nature', 'What is a human being? The course examines this question from a philosophical perspective. Topics to be covered may include the soul, the body, emotions, the intellect, the will, relationships, sex, and human dignity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'PHIL', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ARBUS', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'PHIL', '007267', 'UG', 'Probability and Decision Making', 'This course covers a set of related topics in probability, inductive reasoning, game theory, and decision theory which are of both theoretical and practical interest, having application to the philosophy of science, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, political science, and economics. The course begins with probability theory, introduces utility theory, and discusses approaches to the theory of decision making with attention to their epistemological, social, and ethical implications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218J', 'PHIL', '007269', 'UG', 'Foundations of Ethics', 'What is ethics and what is it based on? What does it mean for an action, a person, or a life to be morally good? Can philosophy provide any objective and universal answers to moral questions? The views of different philosophers will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219J', 'PHIL', '007270', 'UG', 'Practical Ethics', 'An examination of contemporary ethical issues pertinent to our Western societies, such as abortion, euthanasia, the treatment of animals, the environment, and free expression.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHIL', '007271', 'UG', 'Moral Issues', 'This course surveys several controversial moral topics, and a range of philosophical views on each. Topics may include abortion, cloning, euthanasia and suicide, sexism, prostitution, pornography, torture, and animal rights. [Note: Formerly PHIL 220.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'PHIL', '007272', 'UG', 'Ethics', 'An introduction to moral theories, including ones based on virtue, consequences, and rights and duties, with discussion of historical developments leading to those theories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'PHIL', '007274', 'UG', 'Environmental Ethics', 'Philosophical perspectives on such issues as climate change, pollution, use of scarce resources, biodiversity, and our relations with animals and future generations. This course will also consider bioactivism and other approaches to environmental problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PHIL', '007275', 'UG', 'Biomedical Ethics', 'An examination of ethical issues in the health sciences, such as the patient-doctor relationship, reproductive rights and technologies, genetic testing, allocation of medical resources, and end-of-life decisions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230J', 'PHIL', '007277', 'UG', 'God and Philosophy', 'What is God? Does God exist? Can philosophy prove God or is agnosticism or atheism more reasonable? Is God compatible with evil and suffering or with a modern scientific worldview? Such questions will be explored from a variety of perspectives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'PHIL', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'RS', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'PHIL', '007285', 'UG', 'Introduction to Formal Logic', 'An examination of classical propositional logic, covering proof methods, expressive completeness, soundness, and completeness. Also an introduction to quantificational logic.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PHIL', '007292', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mind', 'This course will discuss fundamental questions concerning the nature of mind, including the relation between mind and body, the plausibility of commonsense views of the mind, and knowledge of other minds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHIL', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PSYCH', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'PHIL', '007297', 'UG', 'The Existentialist Experience', 'An introduction to existentialism using both literary and philosophical texts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318J', 'PHIL', '007308', 'UG', 'Philosophy and the Family', 'A philosophical examination of the family: its foundation, its purpose, its importance in personal growth and its relation to political community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319J', 'PHIL', '007309', 'UG', 'Ethics of End-of-Life Care', 'What options does a person reaching the end of life have and how can they best be cared for? How can we balance patient autonomy with the expertise of the health-care provider and the demands of the health-care system? This course will help students think philosophically and critically about issues like these in their cultural, historical, and legal context. Specific topics may include consent, human dignity, euthanasia, refusal or withdrawal of treatment, palliative care and holistic patient care, pluralism and diverse understandings of dying, and treatment of the elderly.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'PHIL', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LS', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PHIL', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'FINE', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PHIL', '007317', 'UG', 'Topics in Epistemology', 'Special topics in epistemology, as announced by the department. Potential topics include (but are not limited to) the epistemology of testimony, the epistemology of disagreement, normative social cognition, and the varieties and functions of ignorance. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 250B, 251, 255, 284', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PHIL', '007320', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mathematics', 'An introduction to philosophical problems concerning mathematics. Topics may include: what makes mathematical statements true (e.g., do numbers exist?); whether mathematics is a human creation or something we discover; what counts as a proof; mathematical paradoxes; the relationship between mathematics and other sciences; and mathematical pluralism. [Note: Formerly PHIL 359.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHIL', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CLAS', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PHIL', '007326', 'UG', 'Medieval Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in medieval philosophy. Augustine, Boethius, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aquinas, and Scotus are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'PHIL', '007328', 'UG', 'History of Modern Philosophy', 'In this course, students will learn about one or more important figures, periods, or issues in modern philosophy. Descartes, Locke, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant are among the figures who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'PHIL', '007330', 'UG', '19th- and 20th-Century Philosophy', 'A course on one or more important figures or issues in 19th- or 20th-century philosophy, as announced by the department. The focus of the course may change each time it is offered. Potential figures include (but are not limited to) Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, James, Dewey, Peirce, Frege, Carnap, and Russell. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'PHIL', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GSJ', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Gender and Social Justice students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326J', 'PHIL', '007336', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Social Justice', 'What is justice and more particularly what makes a society just? In the philosophical treatment of this problem, notions such as the purpose of community living, private and common goods, individual freedom, and social responsibility will be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'PHIL', '007337', 'UG', 'Studies in Ethics', 'Special topics in ethics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'PHIL', '007339', 'UG', 'Studies in Political Philosophy', 'Special topics in political philosophy, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PHIL', '007345', 'UG', 'Studies in Logic', 'Special topics in logic, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 240, 341, 342, PMATH 330', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450J', 'PHIL', '007348', 'UG', 'Being and Existence', 'A discussion of metaphysics as the kind of examination initiated by the Greeks (e.g., Parmenides and Aristotle) and renewed subsequently by many other philosophers (e.g., Aquinas and Heidegger), understood as ontology or the rational study of being as such. Notions such as reality, essence, existence, and analogy will be discussed.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451J', 'PHIL', '007349', 'UG', 'Thomas Aquinas', 'An in-depth study of a particular theme in Thomas Aquinas. Specific topic to vary. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.5 units in PHIL; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PHIL', '007350', 'UG', 'Studies in Metaphysics', 'Special topics in metaphysics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PHIL', '007355', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PHIL', '007356', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PHIL', '007365', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'PHIL', '007366', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'PHYS', '007388', 'UG', 'Physics 1', 'An introduction to physics for students intending to concentrate their further studies in biology, dentistry, medicine and paramedicine; includes particle kinematics and dynamics, energy and momentum conservation, and rotational mechanics. [Offered: F, W; also offered online: W]', 'Antireq: PHYS 115, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111L', 'PHYS', '007389', 'UG', 'Physics 1 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 111. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 111 Antireq: PHYS 121L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'PHYS', '007390', 'UG', 'Physics 2', 'A continuation of PHYS 111; includes simple harmonic motion, electrostatic force and potential, electric current and power, DC circuits, magnetic field and induction, wave motion, sound and optics. [Offered: W,S; also offered online: S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 111 or 121; Antireq: PHYS 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112L', 'PHYS', '007391', 'UG', 'Physics 2 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 112. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 112 Antireq: PHYS 122L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'PHYS', '007392', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'Brief review of kinematics. Particle dynamics, work, energy, conservation of energy. Conservation of linear momentum, collisions, rotational kinematics and dynamics, conservation of angular momentum. Equilibrium of rigid bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Antireq: PHYS 111, 121; First year Engineering students only', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHYS', '007393', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'An introductory course in physics for students intending to concentrate their future studies in the physical sciences, optometry, or mathematics; includes vectors (dot and cross products), particle kinematics and dynamics, forces in nature, work and energy, conservation of energy and linear momentum, rotational kinematics and dynamics, and conservation of angular momentum. [Note: Successful completion of 4U Calculus and Vectors, 4U Advanced Functions and 4U Physics is required. Offered: F, also offered online: W]', 'Coreq: One of MATH 104, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: PHYS 111, 115, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'PHYS', '007394', 'UG', 'Mechanics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 121. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 121 Antireq: PHYS 111L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'PHYS', '007396', 'UG', 'Waves, Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 122. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 122. Antireq: PHYS 112L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'PHYS', '007398', 'UG', 'Physics for Engineers', 'Oscillations; simple harmonic motion. Wave motion, travelling and standing waves; transverse and longitudinal waves, including sound. Geometrical optics; reflection and refraction. Physical optics; interference and diffraction. Quantum physics; quantization of radiation; hydrogen atom. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Engineering students only. Antireq: PHYS 112, PHYS 122', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'PHYS', '007407', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 1', 'Background of quantum physics. Introduction to formalism of quantum physics. Introduction to operators. Quantization, waves, and particles. The uncertainty principle. The Schroedinger equation for one-dimensional problems: bound states in square wells, harmonic oscillator, transmission through barriers. [Note: CS 114, PHYS 236, or knowledge of computational methods is recommended. Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 249, MATH 114, 136; One of MATH 128, 138, 148. Coreq: One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251. Antireq: CHEM 356, NE 232, PHYS 233, ECE 405', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242L', 'PHYS', '007418', 'UG', 'Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 242. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 242 Antireq: PHYS 224L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHYS', '007422', 'UG', 'Geometrical and Physical Optics', 'Geometrical optics: image formation, ray tracing through multiple optical components, dispersion by prisms, optical fibers, optical instruments - eyes, telescopes, microscopes, and cameras, introduction to aberrations; physical optics: interference and interferometers, diffraction, imaging resolution, diffraction gratings and their use in spectroscopy; wave-particle duality; introduction to the electromagnetic nature of light and polarization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148. Coreq: PHYS 256L for Science students except for Mathematical Physics Plan. Antireq: ECE 404', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256L', 'PHYS', '007423', 'UG', 'Optics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 256. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 256', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'PHYS', '007428', 'UG', 'Planets', 'Terrestrial and gas giant planets in the Solar System, asteroids and comets. Extrasolar planets and astrobiology. Star and planet formation. [Offered: F]', 'Pereq: One of PHYS 111, 115, 121, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PHYS', '007434', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 2', 'Formalism of quantum mechanics. Operator approach to the harmonic oscillator. Quantum mechanics in three dimensions: Hydrogen atom, angular momentum and spin. Time-independent perturbation theory. Fine structure of hydrogen. Zeeman effect. Identical particles. The variational principle. Ground state of the helium atom. Applications in atomic and molecular physics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 234 or CHEM 356; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; MATH 227 or 237 or 247. Antireq: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PHYS', '007438', 'UG', 'Electronics', 'Norton and Th\u00e9venin equivalent circuits, bipolar junction and field-effect transistors, operational amplifiers, negative feedback, noise, common circuits used for measurement and control of laboratory experiments, introduction to digital circuits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 122 (winter 2019 or later), 224, 242. Coreq: PHYS 391L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391L', 'PHYS', '007439', 'UG', 'Electronics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 391. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'PHYS', '007444', 'UG', 'Thermal Physics', 'Temperature and thermodynamic equilibrium. Work, internal energy and heat; first law, with examples. Kinetic theory of gases. Basic probability theory. Microscopic states and entropy. Absolute temperature, reversibility and the second law. Thermodynamic Functions and Maxwell''s relations. Phase transitions. Third Law. Other applications of thermodynamics. [Formerly PHYS 258. Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: CHEM 254, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'PHYS', '007445', 'UG', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Fundamental postulate of statistical thermodynamics. Entropy. Microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles. Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Boltzmann Statistics. Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. Applications to specific heat of solids, classical and quantum gases, electrons in metals, Planck''s law of radiation, and Bose-Einstein condensation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 358, ECE 403, CHEM 254, ME 250; One of PHYS 233, 234, CHEM 356, co-requisite: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360A', 'PHYS', '007446', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments in mechanics, optics, electronics, atomic, molecular, nuclear, and solid state physics. [Note: Students in programs joint with Physics should see department for enrolment access. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MNS 201L, PHYS 260L, 270L; Honours Physics, Physics and Astronomy, or Materials and Nanosciences', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360B', 'PHYS', '007447', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 2', 'Continuation of PHYS 360A. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 360A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PHYS', '007449', 'UG', 'Intermediate Classical Mechanics', 'Non-inertial frames of reference. Calculus of variations. Lagrangian mechanics. Coupled oscillations and normal modes. Hamiltonian dynamics. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of PHYS 263 or AMATH 271; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'PHYS', '007450', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 1', 'Sturm-Liouville theory. Legendre, Bessel, and other special functions. Fourier series and introduction to Fourier transforms. Separation of variables. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics or Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PHYS', '007451', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 2', 'Introduction to probability and statistics. Complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue theorem, contour integrals and applications. Fourier and Laplace transforms with applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 332', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'PHYS', '007457', 'UG', 'Stars', 'Stellar distances, masses, ages. Stellar interiors and atmospheres, star formation and evolution. Supernovae, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; Two of PHYS 234, 242, 256, 275, 358, AMATH 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHYS', '007458', 'UG', 'Molecular and Cellular Biophysics', 'Cell structure and molecular composition; intermolecular interactions and hydration; protein structure and function; cytoskeletal filaments; DNA structure, packing and chromosomes; rate equations and biological dynamics (e.g., cytoskeletal polymerization); self-assembly; cell membranes; action potentials and biological electricity; molecular motors; cell motility. [Note: Recommended PHYS 280/BIOL 280. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; CHEM 123 or 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PHYS', '007463', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 3', 'Symmetries and conservation laws. Review of time-independent perturbation theory (degenerate and non-degenerate, Rayleigh-Schrodinger, Brillouin-Wigner and canonical perturbation theory; effective Hamiltonian derivation). Time-dependent perturbation theory (1st and 2nd order, adiabatic perturbation, Aharonov-Bohm effect). Fermi''s golden rule. Two-level systems. Emission and absorption of radiation (applications). Second quantization of electromagnetic field in free space; photons. Spontaneous emission and natural lifetime; Lamb shift. Elements of scattering theory. Introduction to the Dirac equation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 364 or (AMATH 351 and 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'PHYS', '007464', 'UG', 'Current Topics in Condensed Matter Physics', 'Physics pertaining to collective and emergent phenomena in condensed matter systems. Examples of topics to be covered include magnetism, superconductivity, heavy Fermion systems, quantum hall effect, protein folding, membranes, DNA physics, polymer physics, Modern experimental and theoretical techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 335, 359; PHYS 334 or AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437A', 'PHYS', '007465', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'A research project in any area of Physics approved by the course co-ordinator(s). The student is required to present a summary of the project orally and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. Some projects, especially those with an experimental emphasis, will likely continue as 437B. In these cases, students will submit an interim written report, in addition to the oral presentation. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Materials and Nanosciences or Life Physics students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437B', 'PHYS', '007466', 'UG', 'Research Project (Continued)', 'A continuation of the project undertaken in PHYS 437A. The student is required to present a summary of the project orally or by poster and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 437A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'PHYS', '007470', 'UG', 'Introduction to Particle Physics', 'This course introduces students to the standard model of particle physics. Topics covered include symmetries, particle classification, experimental methods and tools, scattering, Feynman diagrams, gauge theories, quantum electrodynamics, quarks, quantum chromodynamics, weak interactions, and the Higgs mechanism. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 363; (PHYS 364 and 365) or (AMATH 332, 351, 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PHYS', '007479', 'UG', 'Cosmology', 'Robertson-Walker metric and Friedmann equations. Observational cosmology. Dark matter and dark energy. Gravitational lensing. Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background. Inflation. Structure formation. [Note: PHYS 474 is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'PLAN', '007489', 'UG', 'The Evolution of Planning', 'Introduction to planning in its historical and contemporary contexts. Discussion of city types and origins. Consideration of local, national, and international design and management of environment and human habitations. Introduction to selected main themes in planning and architecture. [Note: Estimated additional cost to student: $30.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'PLAN', '007493', 'UG', 'Visual Approaches to Design and Communication', 'Practical project-based skill development involving sketching, digital and film photography, and 2-dimensional computer graphics used by planners to conceive, evaluate, and communicate design ideas. [Note: Estimated material cost to student will not exceed $125+HST.]', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'PLAN', '007500', 'UG', 'Community Design Fundamentals for Planners', 'This course explores the role of design in shaping human settlements. Students will study fundamental concepts related to urban and regional form and structure as well as the principles of design. The course will examine the impacts of design and place-making on human well-being through problem-based explorations of built form vis-\u00e0-vis transit and movement, sustainability and resilience, social institutions (including heritage), physical infrastructure, social justice, and economic development. Students will demonstrate design literacy through the creation of a sketchbook and a portfolio.', 'Prereq: PLAN 110; Level at least 2A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'PLAN', '007502', 'UG', 'Regional Planning and Economic Development', 'The relationship of economic planning to regional planning. Concepts of economic development and models of regional development planning. Case studies and examples are drawn from federal regional development efforts in Canada and/or from Third World nations. Workshops focus on regional planning and development at both a conceptual and empirical level.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PLAN', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'GEOG', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'PLAN', '007531', 'UG', 'Planning, Administration, and Finance', 'Important planning and financial instruments, administrative processes and planning practice are reviewed. Planning and Municipal Acts, official plans, plan amendments, zoning bylaws, site plans, easements, consents, variances, assessments, mill rates, capital works, and debentures. Municipal budgets and accounting concepts, and financing are studied.', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'PLAN', '007539', 'UG', 'Planning Theory', 'The course will examine key theoretical contributions to planning practice as well as selected theories guiding place and place-making. Issues of professional practice and ethics will also be considered.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'PLAN', '007557', 'UG', 'Neighbourhood and Community Planning', 'This course examines concepts and issues related to social planning for neighbourhood and community environments. It considers planning for particular target populations in the contexts of gentrification, suburbanization and core area revitalization. It will review models of neighbourhood change and community development and will address ways to involve community members in the planning process. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $45+HST.]', 'Prereq: PLAN 233', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PLAN', '007558', 'UG', 'Canadian Environmental Policy and Politics', 'Consideration of the intersection between key ecological themes and recent policy developments. Investigation of current issues in environmental science and politics. Development of critical skills for assessing, framing and conveying information essential to planning, managing and developing policy for environmental stewardship.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'PLAN', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('368', 'GEOG', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'PLAN', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 101, 202/202A, PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'GEOG', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 202, GEOG/ERS 203, GEOG 250 or PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PLAN', '007562', 'UG', 'Research Methods for Planners', 'This course develops the capacity of students to apply research methods to planning-related issues. Examination of a variety of alternative approaches to designing and conducting research. Students learn how to become informed consumers and producers of planning-related research.', 'Prereq: PLAN/GEOG 281, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'PLAN', '007577', 'UG', 'Planners and Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers, and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices. [Note: Additional cost for document preparation will not exceed $100+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'PLAN', '007579', 'UG', 'Professional Practice, Public and Private Administration', 'Professional practice responsibility and ethics, administrative methods and organization are considered in the context of the nature of organizations, politics and economics that provide opportunities and limitations. Perspectives are drawn from organizational theory, public administration, land economics, political and planning theory. Public sector decision making and policy development are discussed. This course may have a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $25+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PLAN', '007588', 'UG', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $60+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PLAN', '007592', 'UG', 'Urban Services Planning', 'This course will explore the interconnections and cascading effects of urban infrastructure services (waste and water systems, power grids, transport networks, digital circuits) and the politics of planning for urban services in global and globalizing cities across the globe. Students will examine, in particular, the impact of climate change, and our collective responses to it, on the delivery of urban services and the role of progressive planning and policy in mediating infrastructure disruptions and disasters.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PLAN', '007599', 'UG', 'Planning Law', 'An analysis of the legal basis for planning in Ontario and the practice of planning law as it affects planners, municipalities, local councils, property owners and residents. The roles of planning boards, municipal councils, the Ontario Land Tribunal, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, provincial Cabinet and the Niagara Escarpment Commission in the planning process will be discussed.', 'Prereq: ENVS 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PLAN', '007608', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Planning', 'Course content varies according to instructor availability and demand for specific topics in planning, including field courses. [Note: Field trip fee may be required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'PLAN', '007636', 'UG', 'Land Development Planning', 'An examination of planning issues related to the design, economics and financing of private land and building construction projects including residential high-rise condominium, low-rise residential subdivision, infill, intensification and brownfield redevelopment and industrial/commercial land development. The course focuses on developer decision-making, analysis of risk, sources of financing, planning, environmental and engineering aspects of land development. This course may include a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $50+HST]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'PLAN', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'CIVE', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PLAN', '007638', 'UG', 'Projects, Problems, and Readings in Planning', 'Special planning projects and problems chosen in consultation with instructor. [Note: Prior to registering for this course, students must arrange with a faculty member to serve as advisor and complete a contract.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PLAN', '007655', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Practical experience in carrying out a research proposal under the direction of a faculty member. The results of this research will be presented in the form of an essay that meets both professional and academic standards.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'PMATH', '007659', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Logic', 'A broad introduction to mathematical logic. The notions of logical consequence and derivation are introduced in the settings of propositional and first order logic, with discussions of the completeness theorem and satisfiability. [Note: PMATH 432 may be substituted for PMATH 330 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 or 145) and (MATH 225 or 235 or 245); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 245, SE 212.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PMATH', '007662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Rings and Fields with Applications', 'Rings, ideals, factor rings, homomorphisms, finite and infinite fields, polynomials and roots, field extensions, algebraic numbers, and applications, for example, to Latin squares, finite geometries, geometrical constructions, error-correcting codes.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PMATH', '007663', 'UG', 'Introduction to Group Theory with Applications', 'Groups, permutation groups, subgroups, homomorphisms, symmetry groups in two and three dimensions, direct products, Polya-Burnside enumeration.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PMATH', '007664', 'UG', 'Elementary Number Theory', 'An elementary approach to the theory of numbers; the Euclidean algorithm, congruence equations, multiplicative functions, solutions to Diophantine equations, continued fractions, and rational approximations to real numbers. [Note: PMATH 440 may be substituted for PMATH 340 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: MATH 225/126 or 135 or 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'PMATH', '007665', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Mathematics of Quantum Information', 'Finite dimensional normed vector spaces and inner product spaces. Positive and normal operators, the spectral theorem, and singular value decomposition. Tensor products, finite dimensional C* algebras, and the GNS representation. Completely positive maps, Stinespring''s theorem, the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism, and the Choi-Krauss representation. Entanglement and the Bell and Tsirelson inequalities. Vector states and density matrices, quantum channels, observables, and quantum measurement.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (AMATH/PMATH 331 or MATH 247 or PMATH 333). Antireq: PMATH 399 taken Winter 2019', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PMATH', '007669', 'UG', 'Real Analysis', 'Normed and metric spaces, open sets, continuous mappings, sequence and function spaces, completeness, contraction mappings, compactness of metric spaces, finite-dimensional normed spaces, Arzela-Ascoli theorem, existence of solutions of differential equations, Stone-Weierstrass theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'PMATH', '007672', 'UG', 'Complex Analysis', 'Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Goursat''s theorem, Cauchy''s theorems, Morera''s theorem, Liouville''s theorem, maximum modulus principle, harmonic functions, Schwarz''s lemma, isolated singularities, Laurent series, residue theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PMATH', '007674', 'UG', 'Lebesgue Integration and Fourier Analysis', 'Lebesgue measure on the line, the Lebesgue integral, monotone and dominated convergence theorems, Lp-spaces: completeness and dense subspaces. Separable Hilbert space, orthonormal bases. Fourier analysis on the circle, Dirichlet kernel, Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, Fejer''s theorem, and convergence of Fourier series.', 'Prereq: PMATH 351 with a grade of at least of 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PMATH', '007680', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PMATH', '007687', 'UG', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed, making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PMATH', '007690', 'UG', 'Analytic Number Theory', 'Summation methods, analytic theory of the Riemann zeta function, Prime Number Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic reciprocity. Dirichlet characters and infinitude of primes in arithmetic progressions, and assorted topics.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PMATH', '007691', 'UG', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Prereq: PMATH 348', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('467', 'PMATH', '007704', 'UG', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347, 351.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'PMATH', '007706', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'PSCI', '007724', 'UG', 'Global South', 'Why are some countries in the world poor and others rich? Why have some developing countries experienced rapid economic growth in recent years while others remain stagnant? What are some of the costs and benefits of development for societies and the environment? Students will explore multiple factors shaping economic growth, and political and social development in the Global South.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSCI', '007733', 'UG', 'Quantitative Analysis', 'How do quantitative methods contribute to political science? Students will study a range of quantitative methods, with an emphasis on practical applications. The course requires only a rudimentary understanding of mathematics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math students. Antireq: ARTS 280, BIOL 361, ECON 221, ENVS 278, ISS/SDS 250A/B, 250R, KIN 222, 232, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 205R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'PSCI', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'CLAS', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PSCI', '007740', 'UG', 'Modern Political Thought', 'Where do contemporary ideas about political obligation, equality, freedom, and justice originate? By studying some of the most influential texts in Western political theory that emerged from the 1500s to the 1800s, students will consider such concepts as social contract theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau), personal liberty (Mill), and structural-institutional critiques (Marx).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150, 225/CLAS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSCI', '007744', 'UG', 'Government and Business', 'How do the relations between government, business, and civil society function? Focusing on Canada in comparative context, students will study national and sub-national government policies relating to key debates in socio-economic development.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PSCI', '007747', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Economy of Advanced Industrial Democracies', 'How is the wealth of the \"rich democracies\" made? How is some of that wealth redistributed through democratic institutions and the actors who control them? Students will undertake comparative analyses across advanced industrialized liberal democracies.', 'Prereq: PSCI 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'PSCI', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'LS', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'PSCI', '007752', 'UG', 'American Government and Politics', 'How do the key institutions of the United States'' federal government function? Students will study the crucial elements of national political processes in America. Where appropriate, the course will focus on a particular upcoming electoral event.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PSCI', '007756', 'UG', 'World Politics', 'What patterns the distribution of power around the globe? When, where, and why does violent conflict or war break out? When, where, and why do co-operation and peace prevail? Students will study how billions of people live together in various degrees of harmony and disharmony.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('282', 'PSCI', '007757', 'UG', 'Foreign Policy', 'What trends prevail in foreign policy across states? Using a comparative approach by focusing on particular country-specific issues and approaches, students will explore important influences on the development of foreign policies and on the differentiation of big, middle, and small powers.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSCI', '007764', 'UG', 'Research Design in Political Science', 'What makes political science political science? Drawing on techniques from across various fields of political research, students will study the fundamentals of research design in political science, contrasting these approaches with dominant approaches in other closely related disciplines.', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'PSCI', '007771', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Political Theory', 'What is freedom? What does justice require? How does equality matter? Students will study 20th- and 21st-century thinkers'' interpretations of these, and other, key political values. Theoretical analysis will be grounded in current problems, such as poverty, racism, sexism, global inequalities, colonialism, and environmental degradation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PSCI', '007774', 'UG', 'Public Administration', 'What is the role of the public service in Canada? Students will study the structures and functions of Canada''s political system by examining the ways in which the public service relates to other institutions, such as the political executive and the legislature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'PSCI', '007776', 'UG', 'Topics in Canadian Public Administration', 'Students will examine the major issues in public administration, with course topic varying to reflect recent developments in Canada. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PSCI', '007789', 'UG', 'Political Economy of Development', 'What problems impede development in the Global South? Students will undertake the critical examination of North-South relations through the examination of topics including trade, investment, aid, industrialization, agri-business, development assistance, education, health, and food production.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 250, 252, 281. Antireq: INDEV 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PSCI', '007791', 'UG', 'Power Sharing in Divided Societies', 'How does the sharing of power ease or worsen conflict within society? Students will study different forms of power sharing, including pluralism, corporatism, consociationalism, and federalism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PSCI', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'LS', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PSCI', '007805', 'UG', 'Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy', 'What forces shape Canadian foreign policy? Students will study both the domestic and international factors that influence Canada''s foreign policy.', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; PSCI 281 or 282', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PSCI', '007806', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include climate change justice and transnational migration. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSCI', '007807', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. Past examples include political economy of energy in Canada, and dynastic politics in Pakistan. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'PSCI', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 370, LS 201; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'LS', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of LS 201, PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 291, 292, 370; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'PSCI', '007815', 'UG', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'What are the normative foundations, as well as limits, of democracy? Students will study contemporary challenges to democratic theory, focusing on questions of pluralism, inclusion and exclusion, rights, democratic organization, protest, and communication.', 'Prereq: PSCI 225/CLAS 225 or PSCI 226; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'PSCI', '007816', 'UG', 'Selected Subjects in Political Philosophy', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include genetics and justice. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'PSCI', '007818', 'UG', 'The State and Economic Life', 'What is the relationship between the state and economic life? Students will study current debates and competing ideological traditions as these conceptualize the relationship between the state and economic life.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PSCI', '007819', 'UG', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'Students will examine major trends in contemporary Canadian public policy, with course topic varying to reflect pressing policy issues. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 334; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PSCI', '007822', 'UG', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'How do systems of public administration vary across developmental contexts? Students will study the rise of the administrative state across cultural and political contexts.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PSCI', '007827', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Systems: Eastern Europe', 'What factors influence the politics of Eastern Europe? Students will compare political institutions and processes across the state of Eastern Europe.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSCI', '007830', 'UG', 'Topics in Politics in the Global South', 'Students will undertake advanced study of topics pertaining to politics and development, with topic varying according to current political issues and challenges. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'PSCI', '007831', 'UG', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution', 'What causes ethnic conflict? What strategies do states use to manage or resolve ethnic conflict? Students will undertake a comprehensive review of such strategies including both those that are morally unacceptable and those that are morally desirable.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSCI', '007834', 'UG', 'Canadian National Politics', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include the health (or ill-health) of Canadian democracy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PSCI', '007837', 'UG', 'Women and Public Policy', 'How, if at all, do public policies meet women''s needs? How do women experience public policies? Reviewing developments in Canada and elsewhere, students will reflect on the significance of feminist approaches to public policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PSCI', '007841', 'UG', 'Interstate War', 'What political forces shape war and conflict? Course topics will vary, depending on the instructor and current events. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 281 or 282; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PSCI', '007844', 'UG', 'Selected Topics in International Political Economy', 'Students will study particular issues of relevance to the latest debates in the field of international political economy. Topics may include the politics of global money and finance.', 'Prereq: PSCI 283 or 387; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PSCI', '007847', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include international trade and cultural literacy, and the practice of politics. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'PSCI', '007848', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include the ethics of war, the 2018 U.S. election, and U.S. foreign policy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'PSCI', '007849', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSCI', '007859', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer. [Note: A numeric grade for PSCI 499A will be submitted only after the completion of PSCI 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Political Science majors; Political Science average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSCI', '007860', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', 'Prereq: PSCI 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('207', 'PSYCH', '007889', 'UG', 'Cognitive Processes', 'An examination and evaluation of selected topics dealing with human information processing such as attention, memory, pattern recognition, consciousness, language, dyslexia, decision making, and problem solving.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'PSYCH', '007894', 'UG', 'Developmental Psychology', 'A course designed to introduce the student to current research and theory concerning children''s social, cognitive, and physical development from infancy through childhood to early adolescence.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212R', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213R', 'PSYCH', '007896', 'UG', 'Exceptional Children', 'Educational issues associated with cognitive, emotional, sensory, and physical differences and challenges.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253R', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSYCH', '007913', 'UG', 'The Psychology of Religious Experience', 'Approaches of traditional psychological theories toward phenomena of religious experience, mysticism, and prayer are examined. The psychological process of creating and naming \"gods\" is considered as well as comparisons among altered states of consciousness including some forms of prayer.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'PSYCH', '007915', 'UG', 'Psychology of Evil', 'Psychological perspectives concerning definitions, causes, and consequences of institutional and personal evil, as well as symbols and interpretations of evil in both religious and secular contexts, will be considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'PSYCH', '007917', 'UG', 'Psychological Perspectives on Gender and Sex', 'The course focuses on the existence of and bases for sex and gender differences with emphasis on biological, psychological, and cultural issues.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'PSYCH', '007918', 'UG', 'A Psychological Analysis of Human Sexuality', 'This course will examine psychological and social psychological theories and empirical investigations of human sexuality.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R. Antireq: SMF 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257R', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'PSYCH', '007931', 'UG', 'Physiological Psychology', 'Introduction to brain, basic physiological processes, and their roles in behaviour. Topics may include sensing and perceiving, neural bases of action, motivation, learning and memory, and consciousness. Both experimental and clinical data are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'PSYCH', '007934', 'UG', 'Basic Research Methods', 'This course introduces the methods used to observe, quantify, summarize, and describe behaviour in empirical psychological science. It focuses on research design and the interpretation of results.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A; Psychology majors. Coreq: MATH 103 if no 4U Math. Antireq: HLTH 333, ISS/SDS 251R, KIN 232, 330, REC 270, SWREN 251R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'PSYCH', '007935', 'UG', 'Basic Data Analysis', 'An introduction to the logic and methods of descriptive and inferential statistics with emphasis on application in Psychology. Topics covered include measures of central tendency and variability, distributions, the normal distribution, z-scores, hypothesis testing, probability, chi-square tests, t-tests, power, and correlation and regression. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291; Psychology majors; 1 of MATH 103 or 4U Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, KIN 222, 232, PSCI 214/314, REC 371, SDS 250R, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 250R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'PSYCH', '007938', 'UG', 'Perception', 'What we perceive through our senses makes up much of our conscious experience. This course examines how visual and auditory perception arises and includes topics such as how we become aware of colour, form, space, brightness, loudness, and pitch, and how this information guides behaviour. Other senses may be covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'PSYCH', '007939', 'UG', 'Human Neuropsychology', 'An introduction to current human experimental neuropsychology. The course will review evidence for brain-behaviour interactions obtained from studies of human brain damage and from investigations of the normal brain. Topics such as the representation of language, hemispheric specialization, memory, spatial ability, dyslexia, movement disorders, and affective disorders will be considered.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 261, KIN 356; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('308', 'PSYCH', '007940', 'UG', 'Psychology of Reading', 'An introduction to the psychology of reading with emphasis on 1) how adult readers recognize words, 2) various accounts of acquired dyslexias consequent to brain damage, 3) computational models of word recognition, and 4) the role of attention and eye movements in reading.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312R', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSYCH', '007944', 'UG', 'Cognitive Development', 'This course introduces research in the areas of debate in cognitive development pertaining to children in infancy and early childhood and drawn from a variety of disciplines including developmental psychology, psycholinguistics, and comparative psychology. Different methodologies and mechanisms of cognitive change are also covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 and 211; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSYCH', '007945', 'UG', 'Psychology of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood', 'A study of the psychological processes in the second and third decades of human development. Consideration is given to such areas as identity formation and intellectual, emotional, and social growth. Current concepts, issues, and research are stressed.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'PSYCH', '007947', 'UG', 'Child Psychopathology', 'An examination of children''s psychological disorders from several major perspectives with an emphasis on current research findings. Theoretical and clinical issues are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'PSYCH', '007948', 'UG', 'Psychosexual Organization', 'A detailed examination of concepts related to the formation of gender identity and psychosexual orientation. The nature-nurture debate will be explored as well as gay and lesbian identity and consciousness throughout the life cycle.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211 or 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334R', 'PSYCH', '007962', 'UG', 'Theories of Individual Counselling Psychology', 'An introduction to the methods, theories, and problems in individual counselling psychology.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PSYCH', '007965', 'UG', 'Introduction to Clinical Psychology', 'This course is designed to survey major aspects of clinical psychology such as historical background, assessment and intervention models, current trends, and future directions in clinical practice.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'PSYCH', '007967', 'UG', 'Organizational Psychology', 'Survey of organizational, group, and individual processes involved in work motivation, group dynamics, leadership, organizational climate, and organizational culture. [Note: Formerly PSYCH 338]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: PSYCH 338, AFM 280, MSCI 211, BUS 288W/388W, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('339', 'PSYCH', '007968', 'UG', 'Personnel Psychology', 'The application of psychology to human resource issues in Canadian organizations. Topics will include defining and measuring job performance, job analysis, performance appraisal, recruitment, personnel selection, and training. Procedures which meet technical, professional, and legal standards will be examined.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 101/101R or PSYCH 238, and one of PSYCH 291 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W, BUS 408W/498KW', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PSYCH', '007972', 'UG', 'Social Cognition', 'This course examines how people make sense of their social world: how they perceive, represent, interpret, and remember information about themselves and about other individuals and groups. Topics include representation, recall, and use of social knowledge, controllability of thought processes, effects of feelings and desires, stereotype activation and use, and cultural influences.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'PSYCH', '007977', 'UG', 'Evolutionary Psychology', 'The objective of the course is to consider human and animal behaviour from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective. Topics will include habitat selection and predator avoidance, sexual selection and mating systems, social behaviour, aggression, and evolutionary perspectives in perception and cognition.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 220R, 253/253R, 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSYCH', '007998', 'UG', 'Advanced Data Analysis', 'Aimed at developing an understanding of the use and interpretation of statistics in complex research designs, this course emphasizes analysis of variance and multiple comparison techniques to interpret the results of multi-factor experiments. The importance of power in factorial designs is discussed. The course includes a computer component that ties the use of a statistical package to the topics discussed in lectures. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology; Psychology average at least 74%. Antireq: STAT 322, 332, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'PSYCH', '008000', 'UG', 'Research in Developmental Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in developmental research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 395, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('394', 'PSYCH', '008001', 'UG', 'Research in Cognition and Perception', 'Current topics in the study of cognitive and perceptual processes including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 396, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'PSYCH', '008002', 'UG', 'Research in Social Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in social psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., ''hands on'' lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'PSYCH', '008003', 'UG', 'Research in Behavioural Neuroscience', 'Students learn about research in behavioural neuroscience in a hands-on, laboratory atmosphere with an emphasis on comparative and evolutionary approaches to understanding brain-behaviour relations. Projects include neuroanatomical methods and observation of behaviour using a variety of analytic methods. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'PSYCH', '008004', 'UG', 'Research in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in personality and/or clinical psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 395, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PSYCH', '008005', 'UG', 'Research in Memory', 'Current topics in the study of memory including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 396; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'PSYCH', '008006', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'PSYCH', '008007', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PSYCH', '008019', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Developmental Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in developmental psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSYCH', '008027', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Educational Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in educational psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 212/212R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PSYCH', '008035', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Social Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in social psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'PSYCH', '008049', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in personality and clinical psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'PSYCH', '008060', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognition', 'Topics reflect current issues in cognitive psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSYCH', '008065', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognitive Neuroscience', 'Topics reflect the research interests of faculty members, for example, cognitive neuropsychology, visual neuroscience, and hemispheric specialization. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'PSYCH', '008073', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Industrial/Organizational Psychology', 'Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Content may involve personnel (e.g., employee selection and appraisal) and/or organizational topics (groups/teams, justice, leadership, motivation, organizational culture, or organizational change). Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 238/338, AFM 280, MSCI 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'PSYCH', '008094', 'UG', 'Advanced Research Apprenticeship', 'This course involves an unpaid apprenticeship of 96 hours in a faculty member''s research lab in the Department of Psychology. Apprenticeship hours will be completed before the end of the lecture period for the term of enrolment. Students will be assigned duties that will enable them to advance their understanding of the research process. Course application forms are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. [Note: Grading is on a credit/no credit basis. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483 or 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PSYCH', '008096', 'UG', 'Applied Apprenticeship', 'For Psychology majors interested in a career in applied psychology. The course involves an unpaid apprenticeship in an industrial, medical, government, or other applied setting combined with regular seminar meetings. The apprenticeship will require a volunteer commitment of 60 hours during the lecture period. The course is offered on a credit/no credit basis. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. Course application forms are available at the Psychology undergraduate website. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291 and 292; Level at least 3A Psychology Majors; Psychology average at least 75%. Antireq: PSYCH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'PSYCH', '008097', 'UG', 'Emergent Literacy', 'Emergent literacy refers to the knowledge and skills children acquire from birth on through the preschool years that are important to the development of literacy (reading and writing). Students will learn about emergent literacy via a once-weekly seminar component and a once-weekly unpaid practicum placement at a local elementary public school where students will have the opportunity to read one-on-one with children who are at the beginning stages of reading. The practicum component will involve a commitment of up to 30 hours during the formal lecture period. Students wishing to enter the course must obtain a police check prior to the second week of classes. Transportation to the apprenticeship/volunteer setting is the student''s responsibility. Please review the course application form for information on safety for students on unpaid work placement and insurance responsibilities. Course application forms and further details are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211, 212/212R, 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Four-Year General Psychology students; Psychology average of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'PSYCH', '008098', 'UG', 'Directed Studies - Elective', 'The student will conduct an extensive literature review and write a major essay/critique of the literature under the supervision of a faculty member selected by the student. The course application form must include a detailed course plan including the method of evaluation. [Note: Normally students will take no more than three of PSYCH 480-486. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Psychology majors; Level at least 3A; Psychology average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSYCH', '008105', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 1', 'Under supervision of a faculty member students normally will review literature, design a study, present an oral research proposal, collect data, and write a scholarly report of the project. Students may choose to begin PSYCH 499 in their 3B or 4A term. [Note: No more than two of PSYCH 499A/499B/499C may be taken in one term. A grade for PSYCH 499A and 499B will be submitted only after completion of 499C. Further details are available in the Honours Thesis Handbook. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483, 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; cumulative Psychology average of 82%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSYCH', '008106', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 2', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A.', 'Prereq: Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology . Coreq: PSYCH 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499C', 'PSYCH', '008107', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 3', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A/B.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 499A; Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology. Coreq: PSYCH 499B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'REC', '008108', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Study of Recreation and Leisure', 'An overview of the broad field of recreation and leisure emphasizing the understanding of various leisure phenomena. As such, it provides the student with an introductory understanding of the nature and scope of leisure, leisure behaviour, and affiliated recreation activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'REC', '008109', 'UG', 'Introduction to Recreation and Leisure Services', 'Using a wide variety of leisure service agencies as examples, this course introduces students to the nature and scope of leisure provision. Topics include program components, the classification and management of resources, professionalism, and current managerial trends and future developments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'REC', '008110', 'UG', 'Play, Creativity and Child Development', 'A critical analysis of definitions, concepts and assumptions of classical, recent and modern theories of play with implications for programming, planning and evaluating children''s play.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'REC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: AHS/HEALTH 107 or SOC 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'SOC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'REC', '008117', 'UG', 'Marketing Recreation, Sport, and Events', 'Exploration of marketing concepts and methods available to public, commercial and private recreation, sport and event organizations. Topics may include the marketing philosophy, market research, market segmentation, and marketing mix strategies related to programming, distributing, pricing and promoting recreation, sport, and event experiences.', 'Prereq: Recreation and Leisure Students or Event Management Minor Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'REC', '008118', 'UG', 'Program Management and Evaluation', 'The scope of recreation program design and delivery is examined with particular emphasis on needs assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. This course emphasizes the application of the various management principles required for service delivery. A field trip fee estimated at $125 per student may be required.', 'Prereq: Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students. Antireq: REC 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'REC', '008119', 'UG', 'Outdoor Recreation, Tourism, and the Natural Environment', 'The course examines human-nature relationships in leisure and tourism contexts from an interdisciplinary perspective. It integrates experiential learning with theoretical and critical inquiry to understand and analyze values, attitudes, cultures, programming, impacts, management, and contemporary issues and trends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'REC', '008122', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Developmental and Emotional Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore the etiology of disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people with developmental and emotional disabilities.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'REC', '008123', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Physical Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore medical, sociocultural, and experiential understandings of physical disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people disabled by physical, natural, and social environments and structures within community.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'REC', '008128', 'UG', 'Introduction to Tourism', 'The scope and nature of tourism as a contemporary leisure experience is examined along with economic, political and social ramifications, research strategies employed, and implications for the future.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'REC', '008172', 'UG', 'Leisure and Community', 'This course covers concepts, theories, models, and issues relevant to understanding relationships between leisure and community. Areas of discussion may include the roles of leisure as a context for community building and development, critical understandings of relationships between community and leisure, as well as approaches to community building through leisure. Opportunities for experiential and collaborative learning will form major components of the course and a volunteer placement may be required.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'REC', '008173', 'UG', 'Aging and Leisure', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with the characteristics of the aging population, particularly as related to recreation, leisure, and lifestyle. It focuses both on the theoretical aspects of aging and their implications for leisure and on the practical aspects of recreation and leisure program development, delivery, and facilitation for all older adults.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'REC', '008188', 'UG', 'Quantitative Approaches to Leisure Research', 'An exploration of quantitative methodologies used in the fields of leisure. Philosophies, theoretical orientations, and ethical considerations will be emphasized as students discuss and participate in various approaches to research design, data collection, statistical analysis, and representation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408', 'REC', '008200', 'UG', 'Gender and Leisure', 'This seminar course focuses on recent theoretical and empirical research on the relationships between gender and leisure. Topics will include analysis of men''s and women''s leisure experiences, attitudes, constraints, challenges, and behaviours. Gendered aspects of leisure will be explored in a variety of social and cultural contexts, including families, informal and social settings, organized leisure, and the media.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;", + "describe": { + "columns": [], + "parameters": { + "Left": [] + }, + "nullable": [] + }, + "hash": "692cc385bfdcac16ffb6f05727da11357fe4a2d0abb529419de599e86a8a315a" }, - "query": "INSERT INTO courses (catalog_number, subject_code, external_id, academic_level, title, description, requirements, enroll_consent, drop_consent, prerequisites_id)\nVALUES\n\t('610', 'ACC', '000003', 'GRD', 'Public Accounting Practice', 'This course will enhance students¿ technical and communication skills that they have developed through the application and integration of their knowledge in various types of cases. Students will use these skills extensively in their careers as financial professionals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ACC', '000004', 'GRD', 'External Reporting with Integration', 'This course emphasizes financial reporting standards, in conjunction with assurance and tax, and their application through the use of scenarios and simulations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'ACC', '000011', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Venture Creation', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the processes involved in moving an idea for a new venture from concept through to launch. The theoretical knowledge and practical skills needed to create a successful entrepreneurial enterprise are developed. Topics include definition and evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities, business planning, funding strategies and early-stage revenue models, legal issues and intellectual property protection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'ACC', '000012', 'GRD', 'IT Assurance and Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques', 'This course will address audit considerations and other assurance services in computer-based information systems. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'ACC', '000013', 'GRD', 'Business Process Enablement and Project Management', 'This course will cover methods of improving business processes and managing related organizational change. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'ACC', '000020', 'GRD', 'Assurance and Governance', 'This course considers the role of risk in the context of assurance and the client''s risk management process and addresses the impact of risk on an assurance provider''s professional practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ACC', '000024', 'GRD', 'Tax Policy', 'This course examines the economic, political, legal and administrative aspects of selected contemporary issues in Canadian tax policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'ACC', '000028', 'GRD', 'Systems and Analysis for Management Decision-making', 'This course reviews and integrates theory, analytical approaches, and processes for those intending to pursue certification as a professional accountant. It provides insight into the problems facing management and executives using cases designed to expose students to real world situations requiring qualitative and quantitative analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'ACC', '000029', 'GRD', 'Understanding and Managing Organizational Change', 'This course is designed for individuals who are interested in a deeper understanding of the process of change from a senior management perspective.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'ACC', '000030', 'GRD', 'Topics in Accounting', 'One or more one-term courses will be offered at different times as announced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'ACC', '000040', 'GRD', 'Financial Accounting Research Seminar', 'Current research topics in financial accounting including applications of agency theory, capital markets theory and human information processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'ACC', '000041', 'GRD', 'Management Accounting Research Seminar', 'This course provides an in-depth look at the major research efforts that characterize contemporary management accounting and cost management systems. Particular emphasis is placed on field-based research techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'ACC', '000042', 'GRD', 'Auditing Research Seminar', 'A broad survey of current auditing research covering: the socio-economic role of auditing in society; the agency relationships between shareholders, managers and auditors; the factors influencing the quality of auditing, in particular, experimental research into key attributes of the audit judgment process, and technological innovations such as statistical sampling, regression, and expert systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ACC', '000043', 'GRD', 'Taxation Research Seminar', 'A survey of non-legal tax research in accounting. Tax research in related areas, especially economics, will also be reviewed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ACC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('970', 'ACTSC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'ACC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('971', 'ACTSC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'ACC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('972', 'ACTSC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ACC', '000047', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Accounting Research', 'ACC 781 provides an introduction to academic research in Accounting and Finance. It covers elements of scientific inference, experimental and quasi-experimental design, and various threats to valid inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ACC', '000049', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Accounting Research', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'ACTSC', '000078', 'GRD', 'Life Contingencies 3', 'Profit testing for traditional and non-traditional life insurance. Pricing and valuation of embedded options in life insurance products. Defined benefit and defined contribution pension plan design. Theory and practice of unit credit methods for pension plan funding and valuation for final average salary, career average earnings, and career average revalued earnings pension plans; post-retirement health benefits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('961', 'ACTSC', '000082', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods of Loss Reserving', 'Macro methods of runoff analysis: chain-ladder, least squares, separation, payment per claim incurred. Stochastic methods: Reid''s method, see-saw, payment per unit of risk, autoregressive models, Kalman filter.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('991', 'ACTSC', '000085', 'GRD', 'Topics in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('992', 'ACTSC', '000093', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'AMATH', '000116', 'GRD', 'Applied Functional Analysis', 'Basic concepts of functional analysis. Topics include: theory of linear operators, nonlinear operators and the Frechet derivative, fixed point theorems, approximate solution of operator equations, Hilbert space, spectral theory. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous undergraduate course in real analysis is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'AMATH', '000118', 'GRD', 'Advanced Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Qualitative theory of systems of ODEs. Topics include: existence/uniqueness of solutions, comparison principle, iterative techniques, stability and boundedness, Lyapunov method, periodic solutions, Floquet theory and Poincare maps, hyperbolicity, stable, unstable and center manifolds, structural stability and bifurcation. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in ordinary differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'AMATH', '000119', 'GRD', 'Advanced Partial Differential Equations', 'The main themes are well-posedness of problems, Hilbert space methods, variational principles and integral equation methods. Topics include: first-order nonlinear partial differential equations, quasilinear hyperbolic systems, potential theory, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, semi-groups, and power series solutions. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in partial differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'AMATH', '000132', 'GRD', 'Advanced Systems Analysis and Control', 'The main theme is the extension of control theory beyond systems modelled by linear ordinary differential equations. Topics include: advanced systems theory, control of nonlinear systems, control of partial differential equations and delay equations. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in control theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'AMATH', '000133', 'GRD', 'Hydrodynamic Stability and Turbulence', 'Mathematical methods, stability of parellel flows for unstratified and stratified fluids, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, centrifugal instability, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, the effects of viscosity and the Orr-Sommerfeld equation, transition to turbulence, averaged equations, closure problem, homogeneous isotropic turbulence, turbulent boundary layers, effects of stratification. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in fluid mechanics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('867', 'AMATH', '000134', 'GRD', 'Dispersive and Nonlinear Waves', 'Dispersive waves, propagation of dispersive waves in an inhomogeneous medium (WKB theory). Nonlinear resonant interactions. Solitons: completely integrable nonlinear wave equations (e.g., the KdV equation, nonlinear Schrodinger equations) and the inverse Scattering Transform. Applications to water waves and nonlinear optics. Introducation to weakly nonlocal solitary waves and beyond-all-orders asymptotics. Completion of an upper year course in partial differential equations is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('873', 'AMATH', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest¿order quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: AMATH 673 or PHYS 701 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'PHYS', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest¿order quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('877', 'AMATH', '000136', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Quantum Theory', 'Review mathematical formulation of operational quantum theory; theory of measurements and decoherence; quantum-classical contrast; review of historical perspectives on interpretation, including EPR paradox; Bell''s theorem, non-locality and contextuality; PBR theorem; selected topics including overviews of current interpretations of quantum mechanics and critical experiments in quantum foundations.', 'Prereq: AMATH 473/673/PHYS 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'BIOL', '000158', 'GRD', 'Fisheries Biology', 'The literature and methods of Fisheries Biology. Examination and discussion of selected topics of interest to the class. Emphasis will be primarily, but not exclusively on the ecology, habitats, and management issues related to temperature freshwater fish.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'BIOL', '000162', 'GRD', 'Environmental Animal Physiology', 'An advanced study of the physiological processes used by animals to respond to changes in environmental conditions. The study will focus on adaptation strategies used by animals to changes in temperature and other rate controlling environmental factors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'BIOL', '000163', 'GRD', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology provides opportunity for deeper study of new knowledge fronts and current issues in the field. Topics selection varies according to developments in the field and the interests of course participants, but is designed to provide broad coverage of the diversity of theoretical and methodological questions arising in modern aquatic ecology. The course is intended to be accessible to students with interests and background in ecology, environmental science, environmental engineering, or related fields.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'BIOL', '000165', 'GRD', 'Advanced Bacterial Genetics', 'Genetic aspects of the control of gene expression in bacteria and bacteriophages will be stressed. Recently published works will serve as the focal points for discussion. The specific content of any one set of topics to be analyzed in a particular term will be determined in consultation with the participants.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'BIOL', '000166', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Evolution and Diversity', 'A critical evaluation of selected research topics in evolution and the diversity of life and practical applications. Topics may include macroevolution, population genetics, evolution of behaviours, ecological evolution, phylogenetic reconstruction and/or phylogeny of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'BIOL', '000170', 'GRD', 'Applied Bioinformatics and Genomics', 'This course will cover current topics in bioinformatics and genomics, including genome assembly, annotation, sequence alignment, phylogentics, transcriptomics, and comparative genomics. Students will perform bioinformatics and computational analyses with an emphasis on topics relevant to their thesis work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'BIOL', '000173', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Environmental Toxicology', 'A critical evaluation of current research topics in environmental toxicology will be undertaken. Emphasis will be placed on the ecosystem approach to toxicology including cycling of toxicants, routes by which toxicants are removed from the environment and the impact of toxicants on species interaction within communities. Consideration will also be given to new methods for toxic hazard prediction and evaluation, as well as to biotic and abiotic factors that modify toxicant impact.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'BIOL', '000174', 'GRD', 'Advanced Microbial Physiology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in physiology of prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic microorganisms. Recently published research results will be the central points for the discussion. The topics might include but are not limited to microbiol growth behaviour under extreme conditions, microbial roles in the cycles of specific elements, processes of energy conservation, and properties and functions of key enzymes in microbial metabolic pathways.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'BIOL', '000178', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Plant Physiology', 'Discussions of selected topics not covered in other courses. These may include juvenility, dormancy, senescence, plant response to environmental stress, morphogenesis, photosynthesis and biochemistry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'BIOL', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'EARTH', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'BIOL', '000183', 'GRD', 'Topics in Applied and Industrial Microbiology', 'One or more topics will be addressed in detail through review of literature, including patents, and current practices in industrial microbiology. The topics might include but are not limited to Bacillus subtilis: a workhorse in industrial fermentations; production of microbiol lipids; Aspergillus fermentations. Each student will present a seminar on an assigned topic and the class will work as a group to prepare an up-to-date review of publication quality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('629', 'BIOL', '000185', 'GRD', 'Cell Growth and Differentiation', 'Discussion of literature relating to the cell cycle and cell differentiation. Topics may include: the cell cycle, DNA replication, mitosis, stem cells, cell proliferation and differentiation, cancer progression, epigenetics, chromatin remodeling, and extracellular matrix function. A strong undergraduate background in cell biology and molecular biology is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'BIOL', '000187', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods in Ecology', 'This course introduces statistical methods commonly used in ecology. Topics covered will include Experimental design, ANOVA, regression, general linear models, clustering, ordination, and some multivariate analyses of variance.', 'Antireq: GEOG 616/PLAN 616', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'BIOL', '000192', 'GRD', 'Advanced Immunology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in immunology. The areas to be covered will include cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, comparative immunology, and other topics of current interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'BIOL', '000197', 'GRD', 'Current Topics in Biotechnology', 'Recent developments in biotechnology, both applied and basic, will be emphasized. The course will cover such topics as the development of vectors for the stable transformation of plant cells, the isolation, characterization and manipulation of plant, animal and microbial genes, and the use of microorganisms to develop new products and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'BIOL', '000198', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology', 'Recent advances in selected topics of microbial ecology will be examined. Topics will be selected from soil, fresh water or other ecosystems with an important microbial component.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'BIOL', '000204', 'GRD', 'Bio-Molecular Tools', 'The ability to determine the three¿dimensional structure of a biomolecule and correlate that structure to molecular function is essential to understanding its role in Biology. In BIOL 650 we will explore the use of biophysical and structural approaches that can be used to establish the structure and function of protein-based biomolecules. The primary emphasis of the course will be upon establishing structure¿function relationships in enzymes. Upon completion of the course, students will have gained a practical understanding of the use and limitations of the tools of steady¿state enzyme kinetics and x¿ray crystallography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'BIOL', '000206', 'GRD', 'Animal Molecular Biology', 'Selected topics in molecular biology will be presented at an advanced level with the aim of evaluating recent contributions and developments. Basic concepts and organismic interrelationships will be emphasized. The topics will concentrate on mechanisms of replication, transcription and (or) translation. Specific themes for discussion will be arranged each time the course is presented.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'BIOL', '000207', 'GRD', 'Plant Molecular Biology', 'Critical discussion of current developments in plant biology. The course will cover such topics as the structure, organization, replication and expression of plant and algal genetic material. Emphasis will be placed on understanding basic molecular mechanisms and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'BIOL', '000209', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Animal Behaviour', 'This course will deal intensively with a subject area in the field of animal behaviour. The particular topic for a given term will be determined by the interests of the participating members of the class. Suggested topics include: mating systems in the animal kingdom; patterns of parental care; cost/benefit analyses of social living. Recommended: a basic knowledge of animal behaviour and a devoted interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'BIOL', '000210', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing graduate courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 680 course for credit. (Offered to Master''s students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'BIOL', '000224', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 681 course for credit. (Offered to PhD students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681A', 'BIOL', '000225', 'GRD', 'Plant Biogeography', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'CO', '000232', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal Laurent series. Multivariate ordinary generating functions and exponential generating functions. The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The Transfer Matrix method. Sieve methods, Inclusion/Exclusion, Möbius inversion. Pólya Enumeration, Enumeration of Trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'CO', '000233', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CO', '000239', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CO', '000245', 'GRD', 'Graph Theory', 'Colouring: Brooks'' Theorem and Vizing''s Theorem. Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Extremal graph theory; Ramsey''s theorem, Turan''s theorem, Mader''s theorem on graphs with no n-clique-minor. Probabilistic methods: Lower bounds for Ramsey numbers, graphs with large girth and chromatic number.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CO', '000246', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'Automorphisms. Cayley graphs and their properties. Arc and distance transitive graphs. Generalised polygons. homomorphisms and covers. Adjacency and incidence matrices. Eigenvectors of graphs. Quotients. Interlacing. Strongly regular graphs. Line graphs and graphs with least eigenvalue -2. Expanders. Shannon capacity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CO', '000247', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimalsolutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CO', '000248', 'GRD', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'CO', '000250', 'GRD', 'Convex Optimization and Analysis', 'An introduction to the modern theory of convex programming, its extensions and applications. Structure of convex sets, separation and support, subgradient calculus for convex functions, Fenchel conjugacy and duality, Lagrange multipliers. Ellipsoid method for convex optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CO', '000251', 'GRD', 'Quadratic Programming', 'A course on theory and solution algorithms for the minimization of a convex quadratic function subject to linear constraints. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, duality theory. Active set solution algorithms and their parametric extensions. Quadratic programmes as linear complementarity problems. Applications in portfolio optimization and structural analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CO', '000252', 'GRD', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point and active set strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'CO', '000253', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CO', '000269', 'GRD', 'Asymptotic Enumeration', 'Methods of obtaining asymptotic estimates for sums arising in enumeration. Application to Bell numbers, the distribution of balls into cells, and random graphs. Methods for obtaining asymptotic estimates for the coefficients of generating functions. Application to random planar graph problems and to unimodality problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'CO', '000273', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'CO', '000297', 'GRD', 'Directed Graphs and Applications', 'An introduction to the concepts of directed graphs, problems about directed circuits and directed cuts, and minimax equalities relating these and other graphical objects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'CO', '000298', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CO', '000304', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorial Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'CO', '000310', 'GRD', 'Topics in Matroid Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'CO', '000311', 'GRD', 'Topics in Discrete Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CO', '000317', 'GRD', 'Topics in Continuous Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('839', 'CO', '000332', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CHE', '000333', 'GRD', 'Theory and Application of Transport Phenomena', 'Mathematical analysis of momentum, heat and mass transport in systems of chemical engineering interest: development of the differential equations of change (continuity, motion and energy) for forced convection in isothermal, non-isothermal and multi-component systems; description of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and computation of momentum, energy and mass fluxes at surfaces under conditions of laminar flow; description of transport in turbulent flow by time-smoothing of the equations of change; turbulent velocity, temperature and concentration profiles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CHE', '000338', 'GRD', 'Chemical Reactor Analysis', 'Mixing effects (segregation and micromixing) on reactor performance analysis of reactor stability, 1- and 2- D models for packed bed reactors, heterogeneous non-catalytic reactions, heat and mass transfer effects in porous catalyst particles, reduction of data for catalytic reactions and scale-up concepts. Examples will be drawn from packed, fluidized bed and transport reactors, polymer reactors and 3-phase reactors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CHE', '000340', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CHE', '000341', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Polymer Processing Operations', 'Introduction to polymer processing concepts; fundamentals of polymer melt rheology; review of simple flows; characterization of mixtures and mixing; handling of particulate polymeric solids; polymer melting operations; modelling of polymer melt pressurization and pumping; overview of polymer extrusion principles; film extrusion operations; design of extrusion dies; polymer compounding and reactive extrusion; overview of molding operations; introduction to 3D printing techniques. Students are expected to have an understanding of concepts from polymer science, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and applied numerical methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'CHE', '000345', 'GRD', 'Principles of Biochemical Engineering', 'Aspects of mass-transfer, heat-transfer, fluid flow, cell growth, metabolic engineering and enzyme kinetics related to the design of biological processes and process equipment. Sterilization techniques, fermentation, bioreactor design and operation, including immobilized cell or enzyme systems and aspects of bioseparations engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'CHE', '000346', 'GRD', 'Advances in Biochemical Engineering', 'Design and control of bioprocesses with application to advanced or novel systems including enzymes, mixed cultures, genetically engineered cells, plant cells and animal cells. Exploration of new methods of producing materials, food, pharmaceuticals and providing services such as biological waste treatment.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHE', '000352', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various courses dealing with particle-fluid dynamics, non-Newtonian flows, flow through porous media, heat and mass transfer in two-phase systems, and the use of transient and frequency response to measure physical quantities.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHE', '000355', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of transport phenomena to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHE', '000360', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as advanced statistics, mathematical analysis, modelling, optimization and/or control of chemical processes.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'CHE', '000366', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of analysis of chemical processes to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHE', '000371', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Chemical Kinetics,Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics such as kinetics of chemical and biological systems, theories of catalysis, catalyst manufacture, residence time distribution, reactor flow models and reactor stability and optimization.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'CHE', '000376', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Chemical Kinetics, Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of advanced reactor engineering including topics such as chemical kinetics and catalysis to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHE', '000381', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', '', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHE', '000384', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of polymer science and engineering to suport independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHE', '000389', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Engineering & Materials Science', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as extractive metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering, corrosion, materials science and engineering and interfacial phenomena.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHE', '000392', 'GRD', 'Res Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Eng & Material Science', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the areas of electrochemical engineering, interfacial engineering and materials science to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHE', '000393', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biochemical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics in biochemical engineering, biotechnology, tissue engineering, food engineering, waste treatment technology and microbial engineering.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'CHE', '000404', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of environmental engineering and pollution control to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHEM', '000423', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include, for example, bioinorganic chemistry; inorganic reaction mechanisms; synthetic methods in inorganic and organometallic chemistry; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis; chemistry of polynuclear compounds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'CHEM', '000425', 'GRD', 'X-Ray Crystallography', 'Introduction: crystals, basic concepts; space groups; the reciprocal lattice; x-ray diffraction; the phase problem; structure factors; electron density; small molecule structure solution, structure refinement, structure results, journals and data bases, paper writing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'CHEM', '000426', 'GRD', 'Chemistry of Inorganic Solid State Materials', 'Introduction to solid state chemistry, common crystal structures, principles of solid state synthesis, theory and experimental methods for characterizing solids, including thermal analysis techniques, powder x-ray and neutron diffraction methods; special topics to include one or more of the optical, electronic, magnetic, or conductive properties of inorganic materials.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHEM', '000427', 'GRD', 'Structure & Bonding in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Free electron, Hueckel and extended Hueckel methods for molecules and clusters. Perturbation theory. Applications of group theory in inorganic chemistry; Jahn-Teller effects in molecular and solids. Energy bands in one, two and three dimensions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'CHEM', '000429', 'GRD', 'Advanced Transition Metal Chemistry', 'Magnetochemistry of transition metal compounds. Electronic spectra of complex ions including applications of molecular orbital and ligand field theories. Stabilization of unusual oxidation states and coordination numbers. Bonding, structure and reactivity of certain important classes of metal complexes, e.g. metal hydrides, metal-metal bonded species, biologically-significant model systems such as macrocycles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'CHEM', '000430', 'GRD', 'Advanced Organometallic Chemistry', 'Reactions, structure and bonding of organometallic compounds of transition and non-transition metals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHEM', '000431', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Analytical Chemistry', 'Special topics could include for example: trace analysis using modern instrumental and spectroscopic methods; advanced mass spectrometry (instrumentation and interpretation of spectra); analytical aspects of gas and liquid chromatography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('724', 'CHEM', '000435', 'GRD', 'Chemical Instrumentation', 'Instrumental components and optimum application; rudiments of design; electrical, spectral, migrational and other methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('726', 'CHEM', '000436', 'GRD', 'Topics in Analytical Spectroscopy', 'Atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy; methods of excitation and detection; quantitative applications. Molecular electronic spectroscopy: UV, visible and Raman; instrumental characteristics; applications to quantitative determinations, speciation, measurements of equilibrium, etc. Sources and control of errors and interferences. Determination and description of colour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('727', 'CHEM', '000437', 'GRD', 'Separations', 'Material to be covered will be drawn from the following topics: Diffusion; Isolation of organic material from the matrix; Chromatographic techniques - principles of chromatographic separations; Gas (GLC, GSC), Liquid (LLC, LSC, GPC, IEC), Supercritical Fluid (SFC) Chromatographies; GC-MS, GC-FTIR; Electrophoresis; Flow field fractionation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('728', 'CHEM', '000438', 'GRD', 'Electroanalytical Chemistry', 'A study of electroanalytical techniques and their role in modern analytical chemistry. The underlying principles will be developed. Techniques will include chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry, polarography, voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, coulometric titrations, flow techniques, electrochemical sensors and chemically modified electrodes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('729', 'CHEM', '000439', 'GRD', 'Surface Analysis', 'Modern surface analysis: description and importance of surfaces. Surface area determinations. High surface area solids, supports. Scanning electron microscopy: principles and applications. Auger electron spectroscopy. Applications in metallurgy and materials science. Depth profiling. ESCA: elemental compositions and studies of catalyst surfaces. SIMS. Infrared spectroscopy. Studies of supported metal and metal oxides. Acid surface sites and their role in catalysis. Scanning tunnelling microscopy; theory and applications. Single crystal surfaces. LEED. Studies of chemisorption.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHEM', '000440', 'GRD', 'Proteins and Nucleic Acids', 'Protein structure and function; intermolecular interactions and protein-protein association. Nucleic acid and DNA structure; protein-nucleic acid interactions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'CHEM', '000441', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Biochemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. For example, recent offerings have included: Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes; Heme Proteins; Chemistry of Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms; Peptides - Synthesis, Structure and Function; Food Enzymology; Advanced Microbial Physicology; NMR in Biological Systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'CHEM', '000445', 'GRD', 'Regulations in Biological Systems', 'Regulation of replication, transcription, translation, RNA processing, and protein degradation. Cell cycle and control of cell division.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'CHEM', '000446', 'GRD', 'Enzymes', 'Discussion of the underlying factors contributing to enzyme, abzyme and ribozyme catalysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'CHEM', '000447', 'GRD', 'Cell Membranes and Cell Surfaces', 'Structure, function and dynamics of membrane lipids and proteins. Membrane transport. Biogenesis and trafficking of membrane proteins. Signal transduction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHEM', '000449', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Theoretical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: theory of intermolecular forces; density matrices; configuration interaction; correlation energies of open and closed shell systems; kinetic theory and gas transport properties; theory of the chemical bond.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHEM', '000453', 'GRD', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Review of classical and quantum mechanics; principles of statistical mechanics; applications to systems of interacting molecules; imperfect gases, liquids, solids, surfaces and solutions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CHEM', '000454', 'GRD', 'Quantum Chemistry', 'Approximate solutions of the Schrodinger equation and calculations of atomic and molecular properties.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHEM', '000455', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: principles of magnetic resonance in biological systems; collisions, spectroscopy and intermolecular forces, surface chemistry; catalysis; electrolyte theory; non-electrolyte solution theory; thermodynamics of biological systems; thermodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHEM', '000459', 'GRD', 'Kinetics - Dynamics', 'Empirical analysis. Kinetic theory of gases. Potential energy surfaces. Unimolecular rates. Relaxation and steady state methods. Diffusion rates. Rates between polar molecules. Energy transfer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('756', 'CHEM', '000460', 'GRD', 'Spectroscopy', 'Aspects of electronic vibrational and rotational spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, and the solid state. Relevant aspects of quantum mechanics, Dirac notation, and angular momentum will be discussed. Group Theory will be presented and its implications for spectroscopy introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHEM', '000461', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Organic Chemistry', 'Two or three topics from a range including: bio-organic chemistry; environmental organic chemistry; free radicals; heterocyclic molecules; molecular rearrangements; organometallic chemistry; photochemistry; natural products.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CHEM', '000465', 'GRD', 'Synthetic Organic Reactions', 'Named organic reactions and other synthetically useful reactions will be discussed. The mechanism, stereochemical implications and use in organic synthesis of these rections will be presented. Examples from the organic literature will be used to illustrate these aspects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'CHEM', '000466', 'GRD', 'Strategies in Organic Synthesis', 'The synthesis of organic compounds is discussed and emphasis is placed on the design of synthetic routes. Examples drawn from the literature are used to illustrate this synthetic planning.', 'Prereq: CHEM 764.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CHEM', '000467', 'GRD', 'Organic Spectroscopy', 'Ultraviolet, infrared, resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, with emphasis on applications to studies of organic molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CHEM', '000468', 'GRD', 'Physical Organic Chemistry', 'Linear free energy relationships; substituent effects and reactive intermediates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CHEM', '000469', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CHEM', '000470', 'GRD', 'Physical Properties of Polymers', 'The physical properties of polymers are considered in depth from a molecular viewpoint. Rubber elasticity, mechanical properties, rheology and solution behaviour are quantitatively treated.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'CHEM', '000471', 'GRD', 'Polymerization and Polymer Reactions', 'The reactions leading to the production of polymers are considered with emphasis on emulsion and suspension polymerization and polymerization reaction engineering. Polymer degradation, stabilization and modification are also considered in depth.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'CHEM', '000472', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Polymer Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics of polymer chemistry related to the research interests of the faculty or prominent scientific visitors. Special topics could include, for example, polymer stabilization and degradation; mechanical properties; polymer principles in surface coatings; organic chemistry of synthetic high polymers; estimation of polymer properties; reactions of polymers; polymerization kinetics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('794', 'CHEM', '000481', 'GRD', 'Master''s Seminar', 'A public seminar and defence of a research proposal, to be given by all MSc students within two terms of entering this program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'CIVE', '000487', 'GRD', 'Engineering Risk and Reliability', 'This course gives a broad treatment of the subject of engineering decision, risk, and reliability. Emphasis is on (1) the modelling of engineering problems and evaluation of systems performance under conditions of uncertainty; (2) systematic development of design criteria, explicitly taking into account the significance of uncertainty; and (3) logical framework for risk assessment and risk-benefit tradeoffs in decision making. The necessary mathematical concepts are developed in the context of engineering problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CIVE', '000488', 'GRD', 'Prestressed Concrete', 'This course emphasizes the basic concepts in prestressed concrete analysis and design. Prestressing methods: pre-tensioning vs. post-tensioning. Serviceability and limit state design, prestress losses, flexural design of bonded and unbonded sections, fully prestressed vs. partially prestressed sections, design for shear, compression members, continuous prestressed concrete members.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'CIVE', '000489', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete', 'This course deals with the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, the analysis of such structures, and the background for the design standards. Topics include the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, shear in reinforced concrete members, members in bending and axial loading, and connections.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'CIVE', '000490', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Steel Design', 'This course deals with limit states design, torsional analysis of structural steel members; bolted and welded connections; stability and vibration; analysis and design of braced and unbraced steel frames, long span structures, and industrial steel buildings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CIVE', '000492', 'GRD', 'Elasticity', 'Analysis of strain and stress; stress-strain relations; equations of elasticity; plane strain, plane stress and generalized plane stress; torsion and flexure; three-dimensional problems; variational methods; dynamical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'CIVE', '000496', 'GRD', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Introduction to the mechanics of vibrations and Laplace transforms: dynamics of discretized systems; one degree of freedom systems; free and forced vibration; response to base excitation, stochastic excitation, impact. Lumped - mass multidegree systems: free and forced vibration of two degrees of freedom systems in response to harmonic and step functions, pulses, and general type. Matrix formulation for multiple degrees of freedom, natural frequencies (matrix iteration, Stodola-Vianello, Rayleigh), Lagrange equations, modal analysis. Flexural vibrations of beams, plates and frames. Earthquake response of single and multistorey buildings and practical considerations of earthquake design.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CIVE', '000501', 'GRD', 'Urban Transportation Planning Models: Principles & Applications', 'Urban transportation planning models. land use transportation interaction, trip production and attraction, trip distribution, mode choice, tree building and capacitated and uncapacitated route assignment, aggregate and disaggregate model analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CIVE', '000502', 'GRD', 'Advances in Public Transportation Planning, Operations & Control', 'The focus of this course is on the use of quantitative techniques to analyse and solve problems arising in the planning, design, operation and management of urban public transportation systems. Topics include an introduction to public transportation modes, transit performance analysis, fleet sizing and route design; control of transit operations, and paratransit planning, scheduling and dispatching. The course also covers various transit modelling issues arising in the Advanced Public Transportation Systems that aim at maximising transit system efficiency and reliability using emerging technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), electronic fare payment, and automatic passenger counters and pre-trip/en-route passenger information systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CIVE', '000503', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management I', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of pavement design, construction and management systems. Structural behaviour of flexible and rigid pavements will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: testing of pavement materials including aggregates, asphalt, concrete and various other specialized pavement materials, pavement distresses such as fatigue, rutting and temperature related cracking and the key elements to pavement management systems and their operation. Theoretical principles are combined with practical examples of working systems that enable students to carry out various analyses of hypothetical and real life situations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'CIVE', '000504', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Traffic Flow Theory', 'This course examines the formulation, derivation, and application of theories associated with traffic flow on interrupted and uninterrupted road networks. Topics include traffic stream characteristics, human factors, car following models, safety, energy and emissions, and traffic flows at signalised and unsignalised intersections. Theoretical models will be tested using field data and simulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CIVE', '000506', 'GRD', 'Earth Structures Case Histories', 'Principles and elements of the design and analysis of earth dams and embankments. Field exploration; laboratory tests; design requirements; seepage control; methods of stability analysis for circular and non-circular slip surfaces; computer applications; stability coefficients. Introduction to dynamic (earthquake) analysis; soil liquefaction; tailings disposal systems. Stability of natural slopes and cuts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'CIVE', '000509', 'GRD', 'Numerical Methods in Geomechanics', 'Theoretical basis of numerical modeling in geomechanics; constitutive relationships and failure models for soils and rocks; numerical implementation of constitutive models in finite element and finite difference computer codes; engineering applications in areas of embankment and slope stability, mining, tunneling, soil and structure interaction. The course is structured to provide theorectical understanding and hands-on expericence with geotechnical analyses using FLAC3D computer code.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'CIVE', '000512', 'GRD', 'Physico-Chemical Processes of Water and Wastewater Treatment', 'Principles and design of physico-chemical processes for effecting water quality transformations in water. Process dynamics, reactions and reactors. Filtration, coagulation, flocculation adsorption and ion exchange. Membrane processes including reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and ultrafiltration. Principles of aeration and gas transfer, disinfection solid liquid separation and sludge handling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'CIVE', '000513', 'GRD', 'Aquatic Chemistry', 'The course content includes, but is not limited to: the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions, acid-base chemistry, solubility and complexation chemistry, redox reactions and essential elements of organic chemistry. The information is applied to water and wastewater treatment processes, and to natural aqueous environmental systems such as those that may be found in stream deposits and groundwater.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'CIVE', '000515', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods in Environmental Engineering', 'This course covers a variety of mathematical concepts and methods needed to develop deterministic models of water and environmental systems governed by ordinary and partial differential equations, including analytical and numerical solution of ODEs/PDEx using Laplace and Fourier transforms, Green''s functions, superposition, finite difference methods, finite element methods, complex variable theory, eigenmethods, vector calculus, separation of variables, Sturm-Liouville theorem and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'CIVE', '000518', 'GRD', 'Water Management', 'Multipurpose nature of water resouces planning and operational problems - cost and benefit variations in water resouces and conditions for project optimality. Optimization techniques - linear programming, dynamic programming, non-linear optimization - water management examples. Capacity expansion problems and long-term planning problems - short-term operation problems - operations decisions for power generation, flood control and irrigation releases as examples - multi-objective analysis models. Simulation of water resouce systems. Introduction to stochasti optimization of water resource systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'CIVE', '000519', 'GRD', 'Surface Water: Theory and Modelling', 'This course will introduce surface water modelling and the role it plays in environmental modelling. The emphasis will be on physical processes that are relevant to near surface partitioning of the energy and water budget; methods for basin representation, including options for sub-grid process; and introduction to data handling, including data acquisition, data sources, remote sensing imagery, digital terrain models, mapping methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'CIVE', '000520', 'GRD', 'Free Surface Hydraulics', 'Review of continuity, energy and momentum equations, resistance to flow in open channels. Gradually varied unsteady flow equations and kinematic wave approximation. Sediment transport equations and channel stability. Similitude of scale models, including distortion effects, laboratory techniques, and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'CIVE', '000527', 'GRD', 'Topics in Structural Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'CIVE', '000528', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'CIVE', '000529', 'GRD', 'Topics in Construction Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'CIVE', '000530', 'GRD', 'Cold Formed Steel Design', 'Covered in this course are the major topics relating to the behaviour and design of cold formed steel structural elements and members. More specifically, the following topics will be addressed from a theoretical and design point of view: local buckling of compression elements subjected to uniform stress and stress gradient; design of flexural members, compression members, beam-columns, composite steel deck slabs and connections; diaphragm design and lightweight steel framing. The governing Canadian CSA Standard S 136 will be used as a guide document.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'CIVE', '000531', 'GRD', 'Bridge Design', 'The course is based on the development of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Codes (Editions 1, 2 and 3), and the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, as well as experience with the Limit States Design versions of AASHTO Specifications. The course outline will generally follow these topics as these apply to short and intermediate span structures in North America: Bridge Geometry - types of bridges and various cross sections: Vehicle Loads including dynamic effects, temperature and wind: Earth Forces: Seismic Effects: Load Distribution - how are vehicle force effects transferred to the superstructure, for various cross sectional geometries: Design Criterion - limit states design: Fatigue in Connections: Foundation Design - pile and shallow foundations: Examples of Various Simple Span Designs: Concrete - Prestressed Concrete: Structural Steel: Repair and Rehabilitation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('707', 'CIVE', '000534', 'GRD', 'Advanced Building Science', 'This course deals with the science of heat and air flow, moisture storage and transport, and psychrometrics. Through the use of worked examples, these principles are applied to the analysis of typical building enclosure systems. Basic concepts are developed for the design of building details that are effective in the control of heat, air, vapour, rain, and that accommodate building movements. Various case studies of problems and solutions will be used.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CIVE', '000537', 'GRD', 'Advanced Project Management', 'This course presents advanced construction engineering and project management techniques that can be applied to improve cost, schedule, safety, and quality of projects. The course covers a variety of topics including: Critical Path Method; bidding strategy models; uncertainty and risk assessment; multiple-criteria decision analysis; planning of linear, repetitive, and distributed projects; project control and delay analysis; Enterprise Resource Planning; heavy construction equipment and methods; modelling and simulation; construction methods design; positioning and locating technologies; equipment automation and robotics; opportunity analysis and process of innovation; modularization and prefabrication; and construction human resource management.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'CIVE', '000538', 'GRD', 'Computer-Aided Project Organization and Management', 'This course deals with the application of computerized tools to develop decision-support systems to effectively manage time, money, and resources associated with construction projects. It covers: introduction to computer tools, review of the CPM method and project management software, optimization using Excel Solver, Expert Systems, Neural Networks, OOP programming, Genetic Algorithms, process modeling and simulation, multi-criteria decision-making, integrated project Management tools, networking, workgroup management, Internet, dealing with project uncertainty using Monte-Carlo simulation, various case studies and computer workshops.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CIVE', '000544', 'GRD', 'Infrastructure Management', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of infrastructure management for civil engineering. It will integrate design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and renovation with management procedures and systems. A framework for asset management including the importance of asset valuation, needs assessment, and performance indicators will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: sustainability concepts, decision support systems, database management, role of data in infrastructure management, monitoring and evaluation needs, failure analysis, quality management, economics and life cycle cost analysis and optimization. This course will combine theoretical principles with practical application. The course will include practical examples of engineering systems and will provide a basis for subsequent infrastructure management courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CIVE', '000549', 'GRD', 'Topics in Transportation Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CIVE', '000551', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management II', 'This course will focus on advanced pavement engineering. The course is primarily directed toward the management of existing road networks, with emphasis on pavements. Topics include priority programming of investments, in-service evaluation of structural capacity, serviceability of condition and safety, structural design, construction and maintenance management, and data systems. Example applications will be provided on various topic areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CIVE', '000558', 'GRD', 'Topics in Geotechnical Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'CIVE', '000560', 'GRD', 'Trenchless Technologies', 'Over the past ten years, a new group of construction methods, known as trenchless technologies, has gained widespread acceptance. Trenchless technologies include methods for installing and rehabilitating underground utility systems with minimal surface disruption and destruction that results from excavation. Underground utility systems include: water and wastewater distribution and collection systems; gas, petroleum and chemical pipelines; electrical and communications networks; access ways; and other small diameter tunnels used for a variety of applications. The objective of this course is to introduce trenchless technology methods and their importance in public works, pipeline construction, and rehabilitation. Students will be exposed to new topics and concepts through class lectures, specified readings, guest presentations, field trips, student seminars, and the completion of assignments. Topics to be covered include horizontal directional drilling, microtunneling, pipeline assessment, pipe bursting, and pipeline rehabilitation and renewal techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'CIVE', '000561', 'GRD', 'Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering', 'This course is designed to help students understand the fundamental principles and practical methods of geotechnical earthquake engineering. This course will present basic concepts of vibratory motion, dynamics, seismology, earthquakes, and strong ground motion, and introduces procedures of deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Basic concepts of wave propagation are used to develop procedures for ground response analysis and to provide insight into such important problems as local site effects, seismic slope stability, and seismic design of retaining structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CIVE', '000568', 'GRD', 'Topics in Environmental Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CIVE', '000569', 'GRD', 'Biological Wastewater Treatment: Theory and Practice', 'This course focuses on theory, modelling and application of microbiological processes that are being utilised in the treatment of wastewater. A review of relevant concepts in microbiology will be followed by core principles that are used to assess contaminant removal kinetics and to model bioreactor performance. These principles will be drawn upon in discussion of applications of biological wastewater treatment technologies. If time permits, advanced topics including nonsteady-state systems and complex multispecies interactions will be introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('774', 'CIVE', '000572', 'GRD', 'Advanced Numerical Methods for Environmental Applications', 'The analyses of natural and/or manmade environmental systems commonly lead to quantitative descriptions, or mathematical models, of the underlying chemical, biological and physical processes. Numerical models are used for complex situations that may involve spatial variability of material properties, non-uniform geometry, and transient boundary conditions. The objective of this course is to introduce you to theoretical and practical aspects associated with numerical methods for environmental applications. Topics include: review of field equations, conservation laws, and continua; classification of PDEs; types of boundary and initial conditions; finite difference method, error analysis and stability; equation solvers; weighted residual techniques; finite element method; introduction to the finite volume method; techniques for advective dominated flows; sensitivity methods; and the solution to coupled non-linear equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'CIVE', '000574', 'GRD', 'Soil & Groundwater Remediation', 'This course focuses on the various technologies available to remediate soil and groundwater. Proven, emerging, and innovative technologies are investigated for application to both porous media and fractured porous media subsurface systems. The underlying theory and relevant engineering design aspects for each technology are presented. Case studies are critically examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CIVE', '000577', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Drinking Water Treatment', 'This course is intended for graduate students in the field of Water Resources with a strong interest in drinking water treatment. Several key concepts introduced in CIV E 670 are elaborated upon. Advanced drinking water treatment process theory is investigated through formal lectures and student design projects/presentations. Key process components that are addressed include reactors/reactions, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, and disinfection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CS', '000599', 'GRD', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CS', '000601', 'GRD', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'CS', '000602', 'GRD', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development: Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'CS', '000603', 'GRD', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'CS', '000604', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'CS', '000605', 'GRD', 'Database Systems Implementation', 'The objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of building a relational database management system. The course focuses on the database engine core technology by studying topics such as storage management (data layout, disk-based data structures), indexing, query processing algorithms, query optimization, transactional concurrency control, logging and recovery. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All other require permission from the school.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CS', '000606', 'GRD', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency and resource utilization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CS', '000607', 'GRD', 'Real-Time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. .Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'CS', '000608', 'GRD', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'CS', '000609', 'GRD', 'Computer Networks', 'An introduction to network architectures and protocols, placing emphasis on protocols used in the Internet. Specific topics include application layer protocols, network programming, transport protocols, routing, multicast, data link layer issues, multimedia networking, network security, and network management.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'CS', '000610', 'GRD', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'CS', '000611', 'GRD', 'Computer Security and Privacy', 'Security and privacy issues in various aspects of computing. Specific topics include: comparing security and privacy, program security, writing secure programs, controls against program threats, operating system security, formal security models, network security, Internet application security and privacy, privacy-enhancing technologies, database security and privacy, inference data mining, security policies, physical security, economics of security, and legal and ethical issues. (Note: Knowledge of operating systems equivalent to that obtained from CS 350 is assumed.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'CS', '000612', 'GRD', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars-Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars-normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CS', '000613', 'GRD', 'Computational Complexity Theory', 'The classification of problems according to the computational resources required for their solution, with emphasis on properties of feasible computations rather than on specific algorithms. Topics include: time and space complexity, tractable and intractable problems, computation using randomness, parallel computation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CS', '000614', 'GRD', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Design of good algorithms and analysis of the resources they consume. Lower bounds on the resource requirements of algorithms to compute certain functions. Problems from the following areas are discussed in this light: sorting and order statistics, data structures, arithmetic computations, the NP-complete problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'CS', '000620', 'GRD', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modelling', 'The interaction of financial modes, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. (Heldwith CS 476).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('684', 'CS', '000623', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Introduction to image and vision understanding by computer. Camera-system geometry, image formation and lighting, and image acquisition. Basic visual processes for recognition of edges, regions, lines, and surfaces. Processing of stereo images, and motion in image sequences. Object recognition. Applications of computer vision systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'CS', '000624', 'GRD', 'Machine Learning: Statistical and Computational Foundations', 'Extracting meaningful patterns from random samples of large data sets. Statistical analysis of the resulting problems. Common algorithm paradigms for such tasks. Central concepts: VC-dimension, Margins of classifier, Sparsity and description length. Performance guarantees: Generalization bounds, data dependent error bounds and computational complexity of learning algorithms. Common paradigms: Neural networks, Kernel methods and Support Vector machines, Applications to Data Mining.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'CS', '000625', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Introduction to mathematical logic Mechanical theorem proving. Game playing. Natural language processing. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department. Department approval will be by Undergraduate Advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'CS', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CM', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'CS', '000627', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690A', 'CS', '000630', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a credit/no credit course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690B', 'CS', '000631', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a grade course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'CS', '000632', 'GRD', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CS', '000650', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Database Systems', 'Algorithms and architectures used in parallel database management systems, with a focus on relational systems. Topics include system architectures; parallel and distributed query processing; federated dtabase systems; distributed transactions; data replication.', 'Antirequisite: CS 748T, 748Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('744', 'CS', '000655', 'GRD', 'Advanced Compiler Design', 'Project-oriented course that covers optimizing compilers and the implementation of advanced programming language features. Topics include intermediate representations; data-flow, dependence, and alias analysis; optimizing transforms, register allocation, instruction scheduling; memory management, garbage collection, threads, concurrency; single and multiple inheritance, generics, templates, type inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CS', '000656', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture', 'A project-oriented course that covers the concepts in software architecture. Topics include basic concepts (components and connectors, rationale, views, architectural diagrams, team implictions, evolution, size considerations), theory underlying softeware architecture, extraction of architecture from implementation artifacts, architecture of web-based and enterprise systems, clustering of subsystems, visualization approaches to software architecture, comprehension and cognitive aspects of software architecture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'CS', '000710', 'GRD', 'Graph-Theoretic Algorithms', 'Further exposure to the design, analysis and application of algorithms for problems defined on graphs. Topics include planarity testing and embedding; classes of planar graphs and fast algorithms for them; trees and tree-like graphs (bounded pathwidth and treewidth); perfect graphs and intersection graphs.', 'Antireq: CS 760K', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CS', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('820', 'QIC', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('767', 'CS', '000712', 'GRD', 'Advanced Logic for Computer Science', 'The course provides extended background in mathematical logic and its applications to various branches of computer science. It covers some fundamental concepts such as soundness and completeness theorems, compactness, the expressive power of a logic and the computational complexity of its basic decision problems. These concepts are being demonstrated on first order logic and modal logics. Finally the course discusses examples of applications of these concepts and tools to formal reasoning about programs and about hardware, to data bases, and to knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'CS', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'AMATH', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CM', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CS', '000725', 'GRD', 'Splines and Their Use in Computer Graphics', 'Spline theory and recent developments in techniques for representing, manipulating and rendering curves and surfaces constructed from splines in a graphic environment. Applications of interest include computer-aided design, synthetic image generation and animation.', 'Antireq: CS 679', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('786', 'CS', '000726', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Inference and Machine Learning', 'Covers the fundamental principles of probabilistic inference and computational learning systems. Topics include Bayes decision and utility theory, Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; learning with complete data; Bayesian networks, Markov random fields and factor graphs; models; learning with incomplete data; computational learning and PAC learning theory.', 'Antireq: CS 786P', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'CS', '000743', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Fundamental problems in computational vision where efficient and robust algorithms can be applied. Topics include image formation; linear systems and Fourier theory; image registration; feature detection; fitting models to data; optical flow; structure from motion; steriopsis; object recognition; high-level vision.', 'Antireq: CS 698Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'CS', '000747', 'GRD', 'High-Performance Image Synthesis', 'Project-oriented course that covers high-performance image synthesis using techniques for both real-time interactive systems and offline physically-based rendering. Topics include numerical techniques; visual perception and light; mathematical models of rendering; global illumination algorithms; real-time rendering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('798', 'CS', '000753', 'GRD', 'Advanced Research Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECE', '000764', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'Fundamental optimization techniques. Modelling. Shortest path. Network flow. Matching. Set packing, covering partitioning. Branch and bound. Cutting Planes, Dynamic programming. Search Heuristics. (Students will gain valuable background in optimization techniques that are applicable to a wide range of engineering problems. They will also gain experience using a state of the art optimizer, in solving an optimization problem of their own choice using techniques discussed in the course).', 'Antireq: ECE 700 Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECE', '000765', 'GRD', 'Statistical Signal Processing', 'Optimum mininum mean-square error (MMSE) Wiener filtering. Parametric and non-parametric spectrum estimation. Eigenstructure-based frequency estimation. Statistical parameter estimation using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum a posteriori probability (MAP), minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and least squares (LS) methods. Adaptive signal processing using least-mean-squares (LMS) and recursive least-squares (RLS) approaches. Discrete-time Kalman filtering. Recommended background: ECE 316: Probability Theory/ECE 342: Signals and Systems/ECE413: Digital Signal Processing/ECE 604: Stochastic Processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECE', '000766', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Theory of random variables, vectors and processes. Conditional probabilities and expectations. Convergence of sequences of random variables. Markov chains in discrete and continuous time. Poisson processes. Basic renewal processes. Stationary random processes, correlation, and power spectra. Emphasis on problem solving using probabilistic approaches.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECE', '000767', 'GRD', 'Queueing Systems', 'Introduction to queueing theory, queueing models, performance measures, performance analysis and evaluations, Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, Little''s formula, Markov and semi-Markov processes, birth-death processes, single server and multiserver queues, single stage and tandem networks, open and closed networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'ECE', '000768', 'GRD', 'Broadband Communication Networks', 'This course is concerned with the fundamentals of broadband communication networks including network architecture, Switch fabrics, design methodology; traffic management, connection admission control (CAC), usage parameter control (UPC), flow and congestion control; capacity and buffer allocation, service scheduling, performance measures, performance modeling and queueing analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECE', '000769', 'GRD', 'Digital Communications', 'Representation of bandpass signals and systems, modulation and demodulation for the additive white Gaussian noise channel, optimal demodulation for signals with random phase, noncoherent detection for binary and M-ary orthogonal signals, hard and soft decision decoding for linear codes, concatenated codes, performance of coded modulation systems, characterization of fading multipath channels, diversity techniques, performance of coded systems on fading channels, direct sequence and frequency hopped spread spectrum systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'ECE', '000770', 'GRD', 'Information Theory', 'An introduction to information measures, entropy, mutual information and information divergence, noiseless codes and the noiseless coding theorem, channel capacity for discrete and continuous channels, randomly chosen code words, the noisy coding theorem, error rate exponents, computational cut-off rate and its application to digital communications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'ECE', '000771', 'GRD', 'Image Processing and Visual Communication', 'This course covers the fundamental concepts and methods, as well as state-of-the-art theories and technologies in the field of image processing and visual communications. Topics include fundamental digital image and video processing methods; image analysis and understanding; statistical image modeling and perception; and robustness, scalability and security issues in visual communications.', 'Antireq: ECE 710 - Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'ECE', '000772', 'GRD', 'Communications Over Fading Dispersive Channels', 'Overview of mobile communications, characterization and modeling of wireless fading dispersive channels, optimum receiver structure, transmission performance in fading channels, diversity and performance improvement, co-channel interference, spread spectrum and multiple access, capacity analysis in cellular environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'ECE', '000774', 'GRD', 'Data Compression with Applications to Speech and Image Coding', 'This course consists of three parts: Part 1 will be concerned with the definitions of entropies as information measures and the derivation of the rate distortion function of Gaussian sources, which will form the basis for performance comparison. Part 2 will discuss the derivations, design and performance of certain compression techniques, including dpcm/entropy coding, predictive coding, linear predictive coding (LPC), adaptive predictive coding (APC), vector quantization, and tree and trellis coding. Part 3 will consider applications of compression techniques to speech and image processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECE', '000777', 'GRD', 'Computer Organization', 'Organization of high performance digital computers, high speed arithmetic algorithms, control unit and data flow organization. Pipeline systems. Stack machines, associative processors, parallel processors. Performance evaluation.', 'Antireq: ECE 429, CS 450, CS 650', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ECE', '000780', 'GRD', 'Computer Network Security', 'Evolution of computer security. Types of security threats, hardware threats, software threats, physical threats, cryptanalysis. The theory of secure message passing. Methods of encryption, private networks, Data Encryption Standard, Public Key Cryptosystems. Secrecy and Privacy in a network environment, long haul networks, local area networks. Protocols for computer network security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECE', '000783', 'GRD', 'Microelectronic Processing Technology', 'Sources and purification of materials, crystal structure, diffusion, oxidation, ion implantation, alloying expitaxy, impurity profiling methods, metallisation, photo lithography. Technologies for VLSI.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'ECE', '000784', 'GRD', 'Photovoltaic Energy Conversion', 'Physical source of solar radiation; direct & diffuse radiations; review of electronic materials; semiconductor concepts; optical absorption; generation and recombination processes in semiconductors; operating principles of photovoltaic devices; homo- and hetero- junction devices; equivalent circuits; quantum efficiency; current-voltage characteristics; Efficiency limits in photovoltaic devices; short circuit current and open circuit voltage losses; temperature effect; material-imposed limits; theoretical and practical limits; Photovoltaic device design and fabrication; silicon-based devices; gallium arsenide devices; thin film devices; device simulation; fabrication technologies; Advanced photovoltaic concepts; nano-structure and organic PV devices; System-level photovoltaics; module structure and design; back-end electronics; stand-alone and grid-interactive systems; photovoltaic hybrid systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'ECE', '000785', 'GRD', 'Nanoelectronics', 'This course will cover the following topics; Basics of quantum mechanics; Quantum confinement; Boundary conditions; Schrodinger equation; Basic function; Density matrix; Energy bands; Subbands; Reciprocal lattice; Brillouin zone; Graphene and graphene nanoribbon; Transport in nanoelectronic devices.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'ECE', '000786', 'GRD', 'Organic Electronics', 'The course gives an overview of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. It begins with a review of electronic structure of single organic molecules as a guide to the electronic behaviour of organic aggregates.Various relevant material phenomena are reviewed; including topics from photophysics (absorption and emission of light, excited states, radiative and non-radiative transitions), intermolecular charge transport mechanisms (hopping, disorder), charge injection and transport models, and energy transfer processes. Their\napplications in light emitting devices, solar cells, thin film transistors, photodetector and imaging photoreceptors, etc. are discussed. Aspects related to device fabrication and patterning may also be addressed.', 'Antireq: NE 479-T1 and NE 472, ECE 730-T18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'ECE', '000787', 'GRD', 'Fabrication in the Nanoscale: Principles, Technology, & Applications', 'The research in nanoscale science and technology has seen a very fast growth in the past years. The cornerstone for this exciting growth is the ability to create nanoscale patterns, which is the object of the current course. The course will cover all major nano-lithography technologies capable of generating or duplicating sub-lOOnm patterns, including lithographies based on photons, charged beams, scanning probes, replication and self-assembly. Within each lithographic technique, the students will learn its working principle, related materials and instrument, process and limit. This course is complementary to ECE 631 (Microelectronic Processing Technology), but takes fabrication and associated theory into nanoscale.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 - Topic 24', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'ECE', '000788', 'GRD', 'Advanced Analog Integrated Circuits', 'Design of MOS and bipolar analog integrated circuits at the transistor level, with an emphasis on the design of single-stage and multi-stage op amps. Related topics include biasing, compensation and noise will be covered. In addition, higher level analog and mixed analog/digital subsystems will be discussed, time permitting. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('637', 'ECE', '000789', 'GRD', 'Digital Integrated Circuits', 'Design of CMOS digital integrated circuits at the transistor level. Related topics include MOSFET switch and 1-V models, logic gate design, transistor sizing, interconnect parasitics, gate delay, timing design, logical effort, static and dynamic logic families, arithmetic structures, latch and flip-flop elements, memory cells and arrays, and input/output circuitry. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'ECE', '000790', 'GRD', 'Computer Aided Circuit Analysis and Design', 'Formulation of equations for arbitrary circuits, active network analysis; sensitivity calculations in the frequency domain; simple integration methods for time domain solution; numerical laplace inversion for transient solution of linear lumped and distributed networks; solution of nonlinear circuits; detailed time domain solution of nonlinear networks; simulation of switched networks in time domain; introduction to switched capacitor networks; iterative simulation methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'ECE', '000792', 'GRD', 'Algorithms for Physical Design of Digital Integrated Circuits', 'An introduction to the problems and algorithms that arise during the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of digital circuits. Course emphasis is on the backend of the CAD flow such as algorithms for solving problems including: technology mapping, partitioning, floor-planning, clustering, placement, routing and physical synthesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ECE', '000794', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Software Engineering', 'Fundamentals of software requirement analysis, software development as an engineering activity, basic process models, software specifications, modularity, cohesion, coupling, encapsulation, information hiding, principles of object oriented design, software project management, quality assurance and control. Priniciples of Software Architecture: Fundamental software architecture styles, synchronous & as synchronous communication of software components. Languages for software design specification: UML (class diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state diagrams). Overview of verification and validation techniques. Maintenance, evolution and reengineering, configuration management. Software metrics, quality assurance, fundamental cost and effort prediction models. Trends in software engineering (e.g., model-driven development, agile approaches).', 'Pre/Co-req: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26, or instructor consent. Antireq: ECE 355, ECE 451, CS 445, CS 645, SE 463, ECE 452, CS 446, CS 646, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ECE', '000796', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Students are expected to have programming experience with reading and writing code for large projects.', 'Prereq/coreq: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26 or instructor consent. Antireq: CS 447, 647, ECE 453, SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ECE', '000797', 'GRD', 'HVDC and FACTS', 'Application of state-of-the-art high power electronics to power transmission and distribution systems. The emphasis will be on three important application areas - high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) and Custom Power devices. The course addresses FACTS controllers including: static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), interphase power flow controllers (IPFC) and unified spower flow controllers (UPFC). Custom power devices such as shunt DSTATCOM, series compensating DVR and unified power quality conditioners (UPQC) are also discussed. This course will concentrate on the operating principles, models, and control and performance of power electronic systems used in these applications. Background required - ECE 463 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 661', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ECE', '000798', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Analysis and Control', 'The definitions and concepts associated with short circuit, power flow and stability analysis are presented and discussed. Models, techniques and tools used for these types of studies are discussed with a practical perspective, and applied to the comprehensive analysis of a typical test system. Controls and protections for voltage, angle and frequency control and regulation, such as Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR), Power System Stabilizers (PSS) , Automatic Generation Control (AGC), under-voltage and under-frequency relays, are also studied and applied. [Note: Required background - ECE 467 or equivalent.}', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'ECE', '000799', 'GRD', 'Energy Processing', 'This course is intended to embrace power electronic aspects together with the broader issues of the systems of energy processing for emerging technologies. Within this framework, topics include performance, selection and optimization of power semiconductor devices including thyristors, GTOs, triacs, BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs and MCTs; classification, circuits and performance of converting circuits including rectifiers, inverters, choppers and cycloconverters; control and protection of conversion circuits; requirements and constraints of energy processing systems such as variable speed drives, high energy battery installations, transportation, solar and wind generators and industrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ECE', '000800', 'GRD', 'Power System Components and Modeling', 'The basic structure, functional characteristics and protection schemes of the main components that make up a power system are studied, in particular generators, transformers, transmission lines, cables, loads, HVDC and FACTS controllers. Models of these components for detailed electromagnetic transient analysis and phasor-based studies such as power flow and stability studies are discussed in detail, and various models are compared and validated through simulations performed with commercial software packages. Required Background - ECE 631 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 664', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'ECE', '000801', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Operation', 'The course deals in details of power system operation in the context of restructured electricity markets. Basics of power system operation - economic load dispatch, concept of marginal cost, Kuhn-Tucker''s conditions of optimum, unit commitments, hydro-thermal coordination, optimal power flow analysis and security constrained economic dispatch are introduced. On the topic of transmission open access, the course discusses transmission pricing paradigms and the role of distribution factors in pricing. Transmission operations cover congestion management methods and firm transmission rights. Ancillary services procurement and pricing and power system security are discussed. Background - ECE 467 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 760 Topic 4 and Topic 6', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'ECE', '000802', 'GRD', 'Sustainable Distributed Power Generation', 'This course covers topics related to sustainable and clean energy resources; distributed generation and utility interfacing. The following topics are covered: Wind power generators; construction; operation theory, modeling and analysis. Wind turbine interfacing techniques with the grid. Photovoltaic energy sources; construction, modeling, loading characteristics and interfacing requirements. Fuel cells; types, construction, modeling and characteristics, operation theory and interfacing requirement. Distributed generation concept; Barriers to DG interfacing; Reactive power control applications using the DG interfacing; Ancillary services supplied by DG. System protection requirements with DG.', 'Antireq: ECE 667', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'ECE', '000803', 'GRD', 'Distribution System Engineering', 'This course covers the following topics in distribution engineering: Load Characteristics and distribution system load forecasting; Distribution system planning; Distribution system automation; Design and application of distribution transformers; Design and optimal operation of sub-transmission lines and distribution systems; Distribution system voltage regulation; Reactive power control for distribution systems; Application of capacitors to distribution systems; Calculation of voltage drops in lateral distribution systems; Calculation of power losses in distribution systems; Introduction to distribution system protection. Background Required - basic knowledge of power system operation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ECE', '000804', 'GRD', 'Dielectric Materials', 'Selected topics from theory of solid insulation breakdown. Conduction process in insulating liquids. Hydro dynamic processes. Theories of breakdown due to gaseous inclusion, moisture inclusion and particle contamination. Kinetic theory of gases. Breakdown mechanism in uniform electric fields. Corona and breakdown in non-uniform electric fields. Compressed gas insulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'ECE', '000805', 'GRD', 'Microwave and RF Engineering', 'Fundamentals of microwave and RF circuit analysis, design and measurements; Generalized transmission line analysis; S-parameters; Coupler and filter design; Diode-detectors, and mixers; Low-noise and power amplifiers, oscillators; Computer aided design of RF circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECE', '000806', 'GRD', 'Optoelectronic Devices', 'Overview of optical properties of semiconductors and elements of plane wave propagation, theory and design of light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and detectors, optical spectra and transitions, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, carrier and optical confinements in heterostructures, quantum-well lasers, optoelectronic detectors, bandgap engineered graded structures, staircase type or superlattice structures for detectors, detailed quantum efficiency calculations and detector noise considerations, Introduction to monolithic integrated circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'ECE', '000809', 'GRD', 'Radiation & Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields', 'Mathematics of time varying electromagnetic fields, linear antennas self and mutual impedance, aperture antenna, wave diffraction theory, geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'ECE', '000810', 'GRD', 'Fourier Optics and Optical Signal Processing', 'Analysis of two-dimensional linear systems, Scalar diffraction theory, Fourier transforming properties of lenses, Frequency analysis of optical imaging systems, Spatial filtering and optical information processing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) - data processing, Wavefront-reconstruction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'ECE', '000811', 'GRD', 'Multivariable Control Systems', 'An introduction to control theory for linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems from both the state-space and input-output viewpoints. State-space theory: the concepts of controllability, observability, stabilizability, and detectability; the pole-assignment theorem; observers and dynamic compensation; LQR regulators. Input-output theory: the ring of polynomials and the field of rational functions; the algebra of polynomial and rational matrices; coprime factorization of transfer matrices; Youla parametrization, introduction to optimal control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'ECE', '000812', 'GRD', 'System Identification', 'Estimation theory, linear and nonlinear regression, numerical techniques for parameter estimation for static and dynamic models, the Kalman filter and extensions, stochastic approximation, empirical dynamic models - especially for linear sampled data systems with stochastic inputs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'ECE', '000814', 'GRD', 'Filtering and Control of Stochastic Linear Systems', 'This is a course on continuous-parameter state estimation and control for stochastic linear systems. It is based on a single unifying theme, namely that state estimation in linear systems is equivalent to projection onto a closed linear subspace generated by an observation process in a Hilbert space of random variables. This formulation of state estimation leads to the innovations theorem of Kailath, and this in turn has a number of corollaries of considerable practical importance, such as the Kalman-Bucy filtering formulae and the Rauch-Tung-Striebel prediction formulae which are much used for example in problems of inertial guidance and control in aerospace, in stochastic optimal control, and (more recently) in econometrics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'ECE', '000815', 'GRD', 'Nonlinear Systems', 'Equilibrium points, linearization; second order systems; contraction mapping principle; existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear differential equations; periodic solutions; Lyapunov stability; the Lure problem; introduction to input-output stability, introduction to nonlinear control techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'ECE', '000822', 'GRD', 'Wireless Communication Networks', 'This course is intended to introduce fundamental concepts and give an overview of recent developments in solid-state photonic devices, as well as their applications in quantum optics and information. These solid-state based photonic devices can be shaped at the nanoscale in order to control the light collection efficiency, integrated in control structures to manipulate their electronic properties, as well as photonic circuits to influence light at the single photon level. Applications include transferring quantum information over long distances for secure communication; generation and detection of non-classical states of light for use in metrology, imaging, and the quantum internet; and the manipulation and storage of quantum information ¿ the fundamental element in a quantum processor.', 'Prerequisite: ECE 316, 610, 604; Antirequisite: ECE 710 - Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'ECE', '000827', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Solid State Devices', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ECE', '000828', 'GRD', 'CCD Image Sensors', 'As the cost of computing decreases at a phenomenal rate, the use of large format CCD area image sensors increases. Applications of CCD image sensors include industrial such as web inspection, document scanning, manufacturing product inspection for quality and process control, manufacturing product sorting and many other industrial applications. Multimedia and computers increasingly use their CCD image sensors or active pixel CMOS type image sensors. This course will start with the basic theory of CCD image sensors and graduate to CMOS type solid state image sensors. It will concentrate on the state of the art of this field and will deal with the basic device theory, the circuit design and architectures. Photosensitivity, noise, modulation transfer function and other aspects of spatial resolution will be covered. Related Background: E&CE semiconductor and circuit undergraduate courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ECE', '000836', 'GRD', 'Low Power VLSI Circuits for Wireless Communication', 'This course covers the system level design of integrated circuits for wireless transceivers. Specific mixed analog/digital circuits such as: mixers, A/D and D/A converters (Nyquist rate and oversampled) for IF digitizing as well as switched capacitor filters for IF and baseband processing will be studied. Related Background: Basic knowledge of Analog Integrated Circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'ECE', '000839', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electronic Circuits', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'ECE', '000844', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture & Design', 'Advanced study of software design and architecture; representation of architecture/design; software design methods; patterns in software design; analysis, assessment, verification and quality control for software design; case studies, current research issues and challenges. Related Background: Basic exposure to programming using C or C++, previous graduate or undergraduate course in software specifications, or software engineering should be sufficient.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ECE', '000845', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Systems', 'Models for concurrent programming; data programming; data parallel models for SIMD and MIMD computers; explicit, semiautomatic, and automatic approaches; data parallel compilers; software engineering issues such as program and data partitioning; task mapping and scheduling, concurrent program design, testing and debugging of concurrent programs, performance tuning, etc. Related Background: Basic exposure to programmin using C or Fortran, previous graduate or undergraduate course in operating system or concurrent programming would be helpful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ECE', '000847', 'GRD', 'Methods and Principles of Safety-critical Embedded Software', 'The application of formal test methods based on the structural and behavioural properties of software systems at the unit integration, and system testing levels; for conventional and object-oriented implementations. Related Background: Prior knowledge of a programming language and a certain maturity in compilers, operating systems, abstract data structures, object-oriented and programming skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ECE', '000856', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Antenna and Microwave Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ECE', '000865', 'GRD', 'Adaptive Control', 'Adaptive control is an approach used to deal with the unavoidable problem of plant uncertainty. Rather than providing a fixed linear time-invariant controller, this approach yields a controller whoes parameters change with time. This controller typically consists of a linear time-invariant compensator together with a tuning mechanism which adjusts the controller gains; typical control objectives are stabilization and tracking.The bulk of the course will be centered on an identifier based approach. Here one chooses a model for the plant, whose parameters are unknown, and the plant parameters are recursively estimated; controller gains are computed assuming that the present estimate is corrent. We first study algorithms to carry out parameter estimation, we then look at various control laws, and finally these are combined to yield an adaptive controller. Related Background: knowledge of linear system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ECE', '000868', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Stochastic Calculus', 'Monotone and Dynkin class theorems, introduction to discrete and continuous parameter martingales, stochastic integrals, Ito formula, Girsanov transformation. Held with: STAT 902.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'EARTH', '000879', 'GRD', 'Principles of Palynology', 'The morphology, taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of marine and non-marine palynomorphs from Paleozoic to Recent time are examined. Palynomorph morphology and taxonomic principles and methods of pollen analysis, pollen dispersal, deposition and preservation are explored and related to the geological record and their use in environmental reconstructions. The role of pollen analysis in Quaternary paleoecology is presented.', 'Prereq: EARTH 236 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'EARTH', '000880', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Recent Sediments', 'The origin of recent clastic and non-clastic sediments, the study of composition, structures, relationships, and environments towards an interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. The origin and significance of sedimentary structures, environmental associations, sedimentological models, hydrodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'EARTH', '000881', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Ancient Sediments', 'Interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. Sedimentation and tectonics, basin evolution, continental margins. Ancient clastic and chemical suites, diagenetic indicators, evolution of sedimentary suites through time.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'EARTH', '000882', 'GRD', 'Carbonate Sedimentology', 'Weekly seminars will introduce current concepts in a variety of subject areas in the deposition and diagenesis of carbonate sediments. Laboratory exercises will involve study of Pleistocene and older carbonate rock suites from a selection of geologic settings. Several laboratories will be devoted to introduction of common analytical techniques such as cathodoluminescence and SEM.', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 433', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'EARTH', '000883', 'GRD', 'Metamorphic Tectonites', 'The study of textural and structural features of deformed metamorphic rocks. A synthesis of micro- and mega-scopic techniques directed at elucidating sequences of deformation and crystallization. Quantitative methods in the study of deformed rocks. Elements of style and symmetry in tectonites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'EARTH', '000884', 'GRD', 'Aqueous Geochemistry', 'a) Basic thermodynamics and activity-fugacity relationships. Chemical equilibria, ion association and complexing, oxidation-reduction reactions. Models for aqueous equilibria in high concentration solutions. b) Interaction of groundwater with porous media; mineral dissolution/precipitation reaction kinetics, ion exchange, surface ionization of oxides. c) Use of computer codes such as PHREEQE and GEOCHEM to simulate mass transfer in geochemical systems. Examining and modelling chemical evolution in groundwater flow systems.', 'Prereq: EARTH 421', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'EARTH', '000885', 'GRD', 'Environmental Isotope Hydrology and Geochemistry', 'This course explores the application of environmental isotopes (principally 2H, 13C, 15N, 18O,34S) as tracers of inorganic and organic processes and cycles in nature, with an emphasis on the use of isotope tracers in water and climate studies, including runoff generation analysis, isotope-mass balance studies, climatology and paleoclimatology, and in studies of biogeochemical cycling. Other topics are tailored to student interest and research focus across the broad spectrum of geological, hydrological and biological questions that can be addressed using isotope techniques. Note: Open to graduate students in physical and biological sciences, physical geography and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'EARTH', '000886', 'GRD', 'Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits', 'Application of light and heavy stable isotope systems as process tracers and exploration tools for a wide variety of low-temperature and high-temperature ore deposits. The use of stable isotopes for oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations and for reconstruction of local and global redox conditions during deposition of petroleum source rocks. Offered in alternate years.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'EARTH', '000888', 'GRD', 'Advanced Petrology', 'Advanced numerical techniques and theory in quantifying the behavior of rocks and fluids at high temperatures and pressues. Application of experimental and natural data to the study of tectonic, metamorphic and igneous processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'EARTH', '000889', 'GRD', 'Genesis of Metalliferous Ore Deposits', 'Selected topics will be studied in depth with emphasis on deposits associated with volcanic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'EARTH', '000890', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Soil and Rock Mechanics', 'Site investigation techniques for strength and deformation properties, load tests, bore hole tests, rock classification, monitoring methods and instrumentation, borehole geophysics for geomechanical properties, correlation to case histories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'EARTH', '000891', 'GRD', 'Geomechanics of In Situ Processes', 'Geomechanics of in situ methods of energy recovery for heavy oil and minerals. Thermoelasticity, hydraulic fracture geomechanics, multi-phase system compressibility, remote and direct monitoring methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'EARTH', '000892', 'GRD', 'Clay Mineralogy', 'Structure, classification, properties, and nomenclature of clay materials. Genesis and environmental and engineering significance of clay minerals. Identification of clay minerals by X-ray diffractometry and other techniques. Clay minerals in diagenesis and sedimentary basin analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'EARTH', '000893', 'GRD', 'Advanced Engineering Geology', 'Time dependent behaviour of rocks, Griffiths crack theory, failure criteria for rocks, in situ stresses and their origins, behaviour of discontinuous rock masses, introductions to analytic and numerical methods for rock mechanics. Case studies, term project.', 'Prereq: EARTH 437', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'EARTH', '000894', 'GRD', 'Quaternary Geology of North America', 'Selected topics in the North American Quaternary such as Great Lakes history, Canadian organic deposits and fossil record, glacial and non-glacial stratigraphy, and the history of the last continental ice-sheet.', 'Prereq: EARTH 440 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'EARTH', '000895', 'GRD', 'Advanced Quaternary Ecology', 'Discussion of current topics in Quaternary ecology at the advanced level. Emphasis will be on application and significance of Quaternary ecological techniques to paleoenvironmental reconstructions, climatic change, land-use history, anthropogenic disturbance, and environmental modelling.', 'Prereq: EARTH 441 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'EARTH', '000896', 'GRD', 'Geoliminology', 'An introduction to basic concepts on the morphology, geology, geochemistry, sediment-related processes, and paleoecology of lakes. The focus is on the lake/watershed system and processes of the water column and associated terrestrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'EARTH', '000897', 'GRD', 'Global Problems of Quaternary Geology', 'Selected topics with global perspective, such as the deep sea record, long terrestrial records, Quaternary time boundaries, dating methods, paleotemperature analyses, isostasy, and sea level changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'EARTH', '000898', 'GRD', 'Geology of the Great Lakes Region', 'Selected topics dealing with the stratigraphy, paleontology, tectonic development, and economic geology of the Great Lakes Basin. Approximately one third of the course will be devoted to each of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Quaternary geology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'EARTH', '000899', 'GRD', 'Physical Processes in Groundwater Systems', 'This course aims to deepen the student''s understanding of physical processes occurring in natural groundwater systems. Flow and transport processes and their interrelationships with the characteristics of the porous medium are studied and the governing equations developed. Topics covered include the fundamental concepts of physical hydrogeology, flow in the saturated and unsaturated zones, flownet analysis, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), contaminant transport in porous and fractured media, stochastic principles of transport in heterogeneous media, coupled nonlinear processes, and applications in groundwater contamination/remediation. Recommended: EARTH 456 (can be taken concurrently with EARTH 650).', 'Prereq: MATH 213A and EARTH 359 or 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'EARTH', '000900', 'GRD', 'Advanced Groundwater Modelling', 'This course covers advanced numerical modelling topics in groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the subsurface. Topics to be explored include two- and three-dimensional transport in groundwater systems, density/ heat-dependent flow/transport, flow in the vadose zone, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids, multiphase dissolution and mass transfer processes, transport of biodegrading or chemically interacting contaminants, transport in fractured systems, transport in the vapour phase. The focus is on the use of models to obtain insight into the complex coupled processes that control groundwater contamination and remediation problems. Students will work with their own as well as existing models.', 'Prereq: EARTH 456 or 650 and 656', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'EARTH', '000901', 'GRD', 'Contaminant Hydrogeology', 'Physical and chemical processes influencing contaminant behaviour in groundwater with emphasis on field approaches. Interpretation of process effects in the context of various causes of groundwater contamination such as those related to landfills, chemical spills, mining and agriculture. Field experiments and case studies. (EARTH 621 and EARTH 657 or equivalent are recommended).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'EARTH', '000902', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Research Management', 'Advanced topics in the design and analysis of aquifer tests, behaviour of aquifer-aquitard systems, aquifer exploration, groundwater resource evaluation in undeveloped areas, artificial recharge, induced recharge, conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater, effects of excessive groundwater withdrawals, role of analog and digital models in groundwater management.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'EARTH', '000903', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Modelling', 'This course is an enriched version of EARTH 456 for graduate students. It introduces the student to numerical modelling techniques in groundwater science, with an emphasis on a sound understanding of the fundamental principles as a basis for developing and using models in a research environment. Numerical techniques including finite difference, finite element, and particle tracking methods are studied and applied to the solution of problems in groundwater flow, aquifer mechanics, flownet generation, and advective-dispersive transport. Proper modelling approaches, error analysis, stability, discretization constraints, pitfalls, and model misuse are discussed. Students will be developing some of their own groundwater models, and will be obtaining hands-on experience with state-of-the-art interactive groundwater models in the PC laboratory. Prior experience with FORTRAN is essential. Recommended: MATH 111B or equivalent. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: CS 102 and EARTH 359 and EARTH 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'EARTH', '000904', 'GRD', 'Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface', 'Fundamental processes governing the fate of organic contaminants in soil and aquifer systems. Emphasis on partitioning between phases (dissolution, sorption and volatilization) with applications. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 459 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'EARTH', '000905', 'GRD', 'Flow and Transport in Fractured Rock', 'An introduction to the physical hydrogeology of fractured rock. Topics will include a review of the structural geology of fractured rocks, development and validity of the cubic law, groundwater flow and contaminant transport in discrete fractures and fracture networks, hydraulic testing methods and the hydrogeology of low-permeability environments. Recommended: Differential Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 459', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('659', 'EARTH', '000906', 'GRD', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'This course builds on the fundamental principles of aqueous chemistry and water-rock interactions with emphasis on groundwater environments. Topics include the evolution of natural groundwater chemistry, chemical aspects of contaminant hydrogeology such as hydrocarbons, radioactive wastes, acid mine drainage and industrial and municipal waste disposal. Geochemical models are introduced and applied by students in a course project. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 221 or, EARTH 231 and CIV E 375 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'EARTH', '000907', 'GRD', 'Analytical Methods in Mathematical Geology', 'A course intended to provide MSc and PhD students with a working knowledge of analytical techniques for solution of differential equations governing flow and mass transfer in hydrogeologic systems. Use of various transform methods such as Fourier and Laplace will be covered and applied to a variety of problems of hydrogeological interest. The course will consist of lectures, selected problem assignments and/or individual projects. Recommended: Second Year Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'EARTH', '000908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Applied Geophysics', 'A field-oriented course on current methodology in the general area of geotechnical or engineering geophysics as applied to environmental problems. Typical topics covered: well logging and time domain electromagnetic surveys for groundwater supply; magnetic and terrain conductivity surveys for waste materials; ground penetrating radar applications to stratigraphy and contamination; streaming potential surveys of dam leakage. Usually taught with EARTH 461.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'EARTH', '000909', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Hydrogeology', 'A course dealing with the theory and applications of field techniques in hydrology. Physical, chemical, and isotopic methods are included with applications to groundwater and surface water hydrology. The course will consist of lectures, field activities, projects and assignments. All will be conducted over a 3-week time period at the end of the Winter term in April. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 or 650 and consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'EARTH', '000911', 'GRD', 'Current Problems in Geology', 'Seminars will be held to cover major topics excluded from other available courses. Graduate students will be required to present for discussion short colloquia based on their reading of assigned topics. Participation in the discussions, as well as the actual presentation of papers, will be an integral part of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'EARTH', '000912', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for MSc Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'EARTH', '000918', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for PhD Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECON', '000925', 'GRD', 'Microeconomic Theory I', 'This course studies models of economic decision making. Topics include: choice under uncertainty, consumer and producer theory and game theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECON', '000926', 'GRD', 'Macroeconomic Theory I', 'The main purpose of this course is to provide students with the methodological tools that underlie dynamic equilibrium analysis of the macro-economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECON', '000928', 'GRD', 'Monetary Theory and Banking', 'This course for MA students examines the monetary and financial aspects of the macro-economy. Its main purpose is to prepare students to conduct analyses of problems and policies in monetary economics. Topics may include the link between monetary policy and output, the economic cost of aggregate fluctuations, the costs and benefits of price stability, the role of central banks and the banking system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECON', '000929', 'GRD', 'Computational Economics', 'Static and dynamic general equilibrium modelling; computation, calibration and simulation. Sensitivity analysis. Policy applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECON', '000930', 'GRD', 'Research Methodology', 'This course focuses on increasing students'' understanding of the roles of economic theory and empirical methods and on the development of skills in the critical analyses of economic research. Through reading a variety of research papers and attending seminars, students will gain exposure to different research methodologies used in economics. Students will learn how to synthesize and critique research on a particular topic by writing reviews of academic papers and/or research reports from government and non-governmental agencies, as well as by writing a paper such as literature survey on an assigned topic. Students will enhance their writing skills and will also gain practice in presenting a research paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECON', '000933', 'GRD', 'Econometrics I', 'Specification and estimation of the linear regression model. Departures from the Gauss-Markov assumptions include heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and errors in variables. Advanced topics include generalized least squares, and simultaneous equations/instrumental variables. They may also include nonlinear regression, and limited dependent variable models. Some or all of the problem sets involve working with the computer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECON', '000935', 'GRD', 'International Trade', 'This course presents classical and new international trade theories and discusses selected topics representative of recent empirical research. Theory, extensions, applications and empirical tests of models such a Ricardian, Hecksher-Ohlin, increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition, political economy, heterogeneous agents (Melitz) will be covered. Additional elective topics include trade and environment; economic geography; trade, aid and development; trade and conflict; trade and growth.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'ECON', '000938', 'GRD', 'Public Economics: Expenditure', 'This course studies the economic role of the public sector in a modern market economy. Topics include the efficient provision of public goods, externalities and public choice analysis of the growth in government spending. Time permitting, some issues in the public economics of taxation may be covered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ECON', '000939', 'GRD', 'Industrial Organization I', 'Study of the firm as a rational economic agent, how it makes decisions and implements strategies in markets that are imperfectly competitive, and the differences in industry equilibrium relative to perfect competition. The course covers market owe (oligopolies and monopolistically competitive models), the theory of the firm (organization and contracts), vertical restraints, differentiated products, price discrimination, advertising, barriers to entry, and strategic behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'ECON', '000941', 'GRD', 'Resource Economics', 'The economics of renewable and non-renewable resources in a Canadian context. Problems peculiar to the fisheries, forestry, mineral industries and oil and gas production and consumption are analyzed. Also considered are economic and constitutional issues arising from the uneven distribution of resource rents in Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECON', '000945', 'GRD', 'Financial Economics', 'Topics covered include: expected utility theory, no-arbitrage pricing, equilibrium-pricing models, derivative-security pricing, asymmetric information, capital structure theory and dividend policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'ECON', '000946', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Economics', 'One or more half-courses will be offered at different times as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('674', 'ECON', '000947', 'GRD', 'Capstone Research Project', 'In this course, students organize individually, or in teams of two or three, to write a report on a contemporary topic in economics that relates to their co-op work term experience. Teams are responsible for organizing regular meetings to coordinate work tasks, keeping a record of individual contributions to the project. The report should reflect the connection between academic studies and co-op work experience, demonstrating evidence of critical analysis, good organization, clarity, and conciseness. The report with be presented to the current cohort of MA students and members of the department''s graduate committee. The final grade will be assigned by the Graduate Advisor.\n\nThis course is restricted to students in enrolled in the MA in Economics and MA in Economics - Water - Co-operative programs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'ECON', '000957', 'GRD', 'Econometrics II', 'The course provides a rigorous treatment of more advanced topics in econometrics. They include system of equations, simultaneous equations, generalized method of moments, empirical likelihood, vector autoregression and dynamic models, time series models and methods, discrete dependent variables, and limited dependent variables.', 'Prereq: ECON 621', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'ENGL', '001021', 'GRD', 'Rhetorical Studies', 'A course in rhetorical theory and criticism for graduate-level students.', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('797', 'ENGL', '001200', 'GRD', 'Digital Media and Literature', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('799', 'ENGL', '001201', 'GRD', 'Media Theory and Critique', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ERS', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'PSCI', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GGOV', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'ERS', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'GEOG', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PLAN', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ERS', '001213', 'GRD', 'Research and Design Methods', 'This course will examine different ways of knowing and modes of research design relevant for interdisciplinary environmental research. Students will also be introduced to an array of quantitative and qualitative research methods in the natural and social sciences and will explore methods relevant to their research through class discussions and assignments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'FINE', '001237', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 1', 'A seminar course in which the various issues, motives and concerns of contemporary art will be presented and discussed. In addition to lectures on contemporary art, visiting artists and critics will speak on various aspects of the field, and participate in group discussions. Students will carry out research on individual topics and will make an extended presentation of their findings towards the end of the term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FINE', '001238', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 2', 'A continuation of FINE 680. The research begun in FINE 680 will be continued in greater depth and consolidated in a major written paper. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680.', 'Prereq: FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'FINE', '001239', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 1', 'This course will meet coterminously with FINE 680 . Students at this level will help to organize parts of the course and will serve as commentators and respondents for the critiques and presentations of the students in FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680, 681.', 'Prereq: FINE 680 and 681. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'FINE', '001240', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 2', 'This course is a continuation of FINE 682. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 682.', 'FINE 682. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'FINE', '001241', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 1', 'This course consists of directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration, as indicated in their original statement of intention. Appropriate studio space will be provided for all students enroled in this course, and regular critiques and discussions will be scheduled by the First Year Graduate Committee. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'FINE', '001242', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 2', 'A continuation of FINE 690 ; directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 690.', 'Prereq: FINE 690. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'FINE', '001243', 'GRD', 'Graduate Summer Studio', 'Students will carry out independent studio work under the supervision of Fine Arts faculty members. During half of the term, students may serve as interns in the studios of professional artists, under the terms of the Keith and Win Shantz Summer Internship Program. Work done during this course will be exhibited early in the Fall term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'FR', '001253', 'GRD', 'Language', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'FR', '001254', 'GRD', 'Linguistics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'FR', '001261', 'GRD', 'Research or Professional Practicum in French', 'This graduate practicum in French offers advanced experiential learning in an area related to the student¿s professional or research interest. A student wishing to pursue this possibility must submit to the Associate Chair, Graduate Studies, a proposal that outlines the plans for the practicum (e.g., the organizing unit, the on-site supervisor, the nature of the professional or research work, the relevance to the French graduate program) and the arrangements for evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'FR', '001278', 'GRD', '18th-Century Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'FR', '001301', 'GRD', 'French-Canadian Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FR', '001313', 'GRD', 'Critical Methods - Theory of Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'FR', '001326', 'GRD', 'Topics in North African Literature', 'In this course we will study literary texts of different genres and writers from the Maghreb region.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GEOG', '001344', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Spatial Data Handling', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis and overview of concepts and methodologies in\nseveral aspects of spatial data handling: cartography, geographic information systems, remote sensing,\nspatial statistics, including analysis of spatial data sets. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GEOG', '001345', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing of Cold Regions', 'This course focuses on the extraction of hydrologically-relevant parameters from remote sensing that are germane to cold regions such as snowfall, snow cover, glaciers & ice caps, lake and river ice, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground. The determination of hydrological parameters in the liquid and vapour phases such precipitiation, soild moisture, surface water, and evaporation/evapotranspiration from remote sensing, as well as the integration of remote sensing data into hydrological models are also covered. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: GEOG 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate Geography degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 602. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GEOG', '001346', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Science', 'This course will explore how remote sensing is used and in concert with empirical or physically-based models to help us better understand Earth system processes from the local to global scales. Students will learn how remote sensing measurements are coupled with radiative transfer models, energy and mass balance models and spatial analytical models from different components of the Earth system. Examples will be drawn from the hydrologic and carbon cycles from the human built enviornment. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: Geog 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 603. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'GEOG', '001347', 'GRD', 'Spatial Statistics', 'An overview of spatial statistics and their use in geographic studies. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 318', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'GEOG', '001348', 'GRD', 'Scientific Data Wrangling', 'This course covers the data science skills comprising data visualization, data wrangling (cleaning,\ncombining, modelling, etc.), and methodological and statistical design, which are an important part of\nthe scientific method. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'GEOG', '001349', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems', 'Introduces the fundamentals of GIS at a graduate level, including cartographic best practices, map projections and coordinate systems, georeferencing data, quantitative mapping, web mapping, and introductory spatial analysis, including clustering, network, and multicriteria analysis. Intended for students without significant experience in GIS. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 381, GEOG 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'GEOG', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'PLAN', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'GEOG', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'PLAN', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GEOG', '001364', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Human Geography', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis of the interdisciplinary scope of Human\nGeography by evaluating key concepts and theoretical approaches that have defined the evolution of\nthe sub-discipline in the contemporary period. Students will assess how their research interests will\ncontribute to ongoing conceptual developments in Human Geography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'GEOG', '001368', 'GRD', 'Human Activity and Travel Behaviour', 'An exploration of observed patterns of human activity and travel, underlying decision-making processes, data collection methodologies, and associated impacts on environment and health.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'GEOG', '001369', 'GRD', 'Qualitative Methods in Geography', 'This course is designed to investigate the range of qualitative research methods (research tools) employed by human geographers and explore the methodological justifications (philosophical or theoretical underpinnings) for using this type of research approach. Qualitative methods attempt to interpret meaning as opposed to purely measuring phenomena. The focus of qualitative research is not descriptive measurement and prediction of phenomena, as offered by statistical description/analysis, but is more attuned to examining subjective understandings and the interpretation of meaning (hermeneutics). This course will examine and evaluate the range of research tools comprising qualitative methods including: various interviewing methods, participant observation, ethnography, case study methods and dicourse analysis. It will also engage with the theoretical debates and philosophical approaches that underpin qualitative research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GEOG', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'INDEV', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GEOG', '001375', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Environmental Science', 'This seminar course examines basic concepts related to temporal and spatial scales together with\nvariability as they directly affect data collection and analysis. Leading-edge research related to\nEnvironmental Science will be critically discussed. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'GEOG', '001376', 'GRD', 'Micrometeorology', 'Advanced study of boundary-layer meteorology. Energy balance regimes for complex surfaces are examined. The theory of turbulent and radiant transfer is studied using field data collected during the course. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'GEOG', '001377', 'GRD', 'Dynamic Geomorphology', 'An overview of current issues and methodologies in geomorphology with special emphasis on processes operating in fluvial, glacial, periglacial or coastal environments. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'GEOG', '001378', 'GRD', 'Applied Geomorphology', 'An examination of the way in which human activities modify landscapes and the impacts of government policy and planning with respect to landscape change. The role of the geomorphologist in landscape rehabilitation. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'GEOG', '001379', 'GRD', 'Hydrology', 'Overview of hydrological processes with emphasis on Canadian examples related to the hydrologic cycle, surface hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and measurement techniques. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'GEOG', '001380', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Wetland Studies', 'Selected topics on the distribution, classification, functional dynamics, and ecosystem structure of wetlands. A scientific basis for wetlands management is emphasized. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'GEOG', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: GEOG 661A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'PLAN', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: PLAN 661A or consent of Instructor.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'GEOG', '001392', 'GRD', 'Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Sustainability', 'Readings, discussions and case study analysis draw attention to the intersection of political-economy and ecological analysis, and contested understandings of environmental change, livelihoods and sustainability. Topics may include communities and conservation, knowledge systems and power, ecological change, property rights and institutions, social movements, and methods. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'TOUR', '001400', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Perspectives on Tourism', 'This course will introduce participants to a variety of topics and research methods through presentations made by active researchers from Canada and abroad. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'GEOG', '001401', 'GRD', 'Human Ecology of Stressed Environments', 'An examination of socioeconomic-biophysical system interactions emphasizing multi- and transdisciplinary perspectives such as human ecology, health, ecosystems, and complexity. Students normally focus on one particular problem and region to illustrate concepts and methods. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'GEOG', '001402', 'GRD', 'International Perspectives on Resource and Environmental Management', 'An overview of issues, problems and concepts in international resource and environmental management. The complex nature of ecological/biophysical, economic, and sociocultural aspects of resource management will be explored, with particular emphasis placed on tracing challenges experienced in developing countries. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'GEOG', '001403', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Geography', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual basis with faculty members. An outline for this course, approved by the professor in charge, must be submitted to the Program Director, within three weeks of registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'GEOG', '001434', 'GRD', 'Geographic Thought and Methodology', 'An analysis of changing methods and philosophy of geographic research with emphasis on problem formulation and the design and evaluation of geographic research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('723', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'GER', '001496', 'GRD', 'Reading Courses in Approved Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'HIST', '001559', 'GRD', 'Canadian History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HIST', '001560', 'GRD', 'Canadian History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'HIST', '001561', 'GRD', 'Theory and Practice of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: Historical and Contemporary Issues', 'This seminar offers a comparative analysis of insurgency and counterinsurgency from the 19th century to the present. It examines resistance to foreign invaders in Europe, the century of rebellion in Mexico in 1810-1917, anti-colonial wars of national liberation, Marxist revolutionary movements in South-East Asia and Latin America, the upsurge of Islamic fundamentalism and urban guerrilla warfare. The course will focus on the sources of insurgencies, their nature and the support they drew from various social groups. In each case, the government''s response will also be investigated. We will analyse theories of guerrilla thinkers and pacification models and pay particular attention to the gap between intended and actual policies, and the plight of civilians caught in crossfire.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'HIST', '001568', 'GRD', 'Global Indigenous Rights', 'This course examines the historical and political contexts of Indigenous rights movements from around the world. It considers the histories of Indigenous-state relations and Indigenous assertions of rights and sovereignty through cultural, political, and legal means. We will discuss grassroots and global Indigenous rights movements and international efforts to address Indigenous aspirations and decolonization especially following WWII. Attention will be also paid to the formation of Indigenous organizations and the engagement of international forums (i.e., through the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'HIST', '001578', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'HIST', '001579', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'HIST', '001582', 'GRD', 'Modern European History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'HIST', '001583', 'GRD', 'Modern European History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'HIST', '001590', 'GRD', 'History of the United States I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'HIST', '001591', 'GRD', 'History of the United States II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'HIST', '001592', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'HIST', '001593', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'HIST', '001602', 'GRD', 'Historians and Public Policy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'HIST', '001604', 'GRD', 'Public History Interpretation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691A', 'HIST', '001615', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691B', 'HIST', '001616', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691C', 'HIST', '001617', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'HIST', '001627', 'GRD', 'Major Field Written Qualifying Examination', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'HIST', '001638', 'GRD', 'Canadian History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'HIST', '001639', 'GRD', 'British History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'HIST', '001640', 'GRD', 'Community Studies Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'HIST', '001641', 'GRD', 'Gender, Women and Family Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('768', 'HIST', '001642', 'GRD', 'United States Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'HIST', '001643', 'GRD', 'Science, Medicine and Technology Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'HIST', '001644', 'GRD', 'Minor Area of Concentration', 'This minor area is arranged between the student and a professor, and falls outside of those other minor areas enumerated in the calendar. The participants will provide the department and the Graduate Studies Office with a course name, which will appear on the student''s transcript, in order to more specifically identify the minor area', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HLTH', '001724', 'GRD', 'Lifespan Determinants of Health and Disease', 'The course will examine the determinants of health and disease from a multi-disciplinary lifespan perspective. An integrated approach will be taken to consider biological, behavioral, and social factors relevant to health and disease at different ages and to discuss issues of prevention within a broadly-based public health orientation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606A', 'HLTH', '001730', 'GRD', 'Epidemiological Methods', 'An investigation of the epidemiology of selected non-infectious diseases with emphasis on the identification of risk factors and on the methodology of epidemiological investigations.', 'Prereq: HSG 605B and 605C or HLTH 605B. Antireq: HLTH 606B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'HLTH', '001731', 'GRD', 'Program Development and Service Delivery for the Elderly', 'The various programs and services, particularly in the non-medical areas, will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on various programs which are available to the elderly residing in the community, such as home care and homemaking services, various outreach programs, including day hospitals, placement and coordination services, geriatric assessment services, vacation relief beds and foster home programs. The reasons for the changes which have taken place over time will also be investigated. In addition, the cost-effectiveness and methods how such cost-effectiveness can be evaluated will be outlined. As with HSG 703, students in this course will be expected to undertake some field work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'HLTH', '001743', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum', 'Fall/Winter/Spring. The supervised research practicum is intended to enhance basic or applied research skills as demonstrated through previous practica, research assistantships or other research experiences. The placement may involve a combination of research design or development, data collection (using quantitative or qualitative methods), analyses, interpretation and presentation. A contract stipulating practicum objectives, and work to be completed and evaluated to meet these objectives, must be jointly approved by the student, the student''s field supervisor, the student''s academic advisor (if applicable), and the course instructor. A written report by the student, together with a letter from the field supervisor, are used by the course instructor to evaluate student performance.', 'SPHS Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'KIN', '001745', 'GRD', 'Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Structure & Function', 'An analysis of the morphological, biophysical, molecular, and physiological properties of skeletal muscle. Topics range from the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, excitation-contraction processes, and cell signaling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'KIN', '001746', 'GRD', 'Respiratory and Cardiovascular Physiology', 'The physiology of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems in work and superimposed environmental stresses are examined. Topics include myocardial function, hemodynamics, microcirculation, diffusion, acid base balance, body fluid regulation and the nature of hormonal and neural control systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'KIN', '001748', 'GRD', 'Biomechanics of Human Motion', 'An assessment of research in the biomechanics of human motion including electromyography, muscle modelling, link segment modelling and analysis, energy and power analysis. The above concepts will be utilized in the assessment of athletes and both the normal and atypical population in sport and rehabilitation contexts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'KIN', '001749', 'GRD', 'Instrumentation and Signal Processing in Biophysical Research', 'Techniques in data acquisition, reduction, and signal processing commonly employed in biophysical research are discussed in class and used in laboratory sessions. Among other instruments, the student becomes familiar with the use of a variety of transducers and their systems characteristics, electromyographs, the process of analog to digital conversion, documentation of motion, stress and strain, and the quantification of medical image data. Signal to noise enhancement is emphasized through all aspects of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'KIN', '001750', 'GRD', 'Neural Control of Human Movement', 'An examination of current theories and evidence concerning the neural control of human movement. Topics may include: origin of kinesthesia, organization of spinal circuits and reflex actions regulating posture and movement, neural strategies for the control of upright stance and locomotion, functional organization of the motor cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia for the control of voluntary movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'KIN', '001751', 'GRD', 'Ergonomic Aspects of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries', 'This course examines the relationships between physical and organizational aspects of the work environment and occupational musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries. Emphasis will be placed on back and upper limb injuries. Major topics covered include injury mechanisms, assessment of injury risk, reporting of injury and use of injury statistics, work site interventions and evaluation of their effectiveness and relevant legislation (including Human Rights considerations). A laboratory project using the methodologies studied in the course is an important component of the course. A project within a local industry, instead of the laboratory project is preferred but optional.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'KIN', '001753', 'GRD', 'Social Neuroscience of Exercise and Eating', 'An examination of current social neuroscientific theories and research in relation to the cognitive aspects of exercise participation and the neurobiology of dietary choice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'KIN', '001760', 'GRD', 'Motor Learning', 'An examination of current theories models and experimental literature concerned with the learning and performance of skilled movement. Topics may include: models of motor learning, expert-novice differences in skill, the automatization of skill, mental practice, the relationship between cognitive and motor skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'KIN', '001761', 'GRD', 'Movement Control and Learning', 'This course deals with the learning and control of goal-directed eye, head, arm and hand movements. Topics include: Hick''s and Fitt''s Laws; goals, task plans and motor equivalence; the actor/environment interface; movement planning and organization; use of schemas, motor programs, feedforward and sensory feedback; motorsensory integration; and knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'KIN', '001769', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'KIN', '001790', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Neuroscience I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'KIN', '001800', 'GRD', 'Cardiorespiratory Integration', 'The control of cardiorespiratory responses to exercise will be examined by detailed consideration of afferent, central neural and effector mechanisms for regulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'KIN', '001802', 'GRD', 'Modelling of Human Musculoskeletal System during Movement', 'Modelling of the human musculoskeletal system during movement is explored using a number of techniques. Assumptions and difficulties in applying modelling techniques to the human body are stressed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'KIN', '001820', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', 'An analysis of specific topics of interest. The form of study may involve a review of literature or the planning and execution of an independent study resulting in a paper for possible publication.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECDEV', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GEOG', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'PLAN', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECDEV', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GEOG', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'PLAN', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ECDEV', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ERS', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'GEOG', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'PLAN', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECDEV', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'GEOG', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'ME', '001852', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Continua', 'Mathematical preliminaries; co-ordinate transformations, introduction to tensors, tensor fields and transformations, integral theorems, analysis of deformation; deformation tensors and rates of deformation tensors and their mechanical significance, convecting and rotating axes. Analysis of stress; definition of stresses and their physical significance, rates of stresses, objective stress rates. Constitutive equations for elasticity and plasticity (Prandtl-Reuss). Hardening laws and material rate sensitivity. Anisotrophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ME', '001855', 'GRD', 'Fracture Mechanics', 'Linear elastic, elastic-plastic and fully plastic approaches to the analysis of cracked components. Calculation and measurement of fracture mechanics parameters - Charpy, strain energy release rate, stress intensity factor, crack tip opening displacement and J-integral - will be covered, including correlations between the various parameters and limitations on their use. Applications will include the analysis of sub-critical crack growth (fatigue) and design procedures, especially the failure assessment diagram approach.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ME', '001858', 'GRD', 'Mechanical Metallurgy', 'Elastic, anelastic and plastic properties of single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates. Relationship between single crystal and polycrystalline deformation. Dislocation theory applied to deformation processes at high and low temperatures. Microscopic aspects of ductile and brittle fracture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'ME', '001859', 'GRD', 'Autonomous Mobile Robotics', 'This course presents the fundamentals of Autonomous Mobile Robotics, including both perception and planning for autonomous operation. Topics in Perception include sensor modeling, vehicle state estimation using Bayes Filters, Kalman Filters, and Particle Filters, and simultaneous localization and mapping. Topics in Planning include vehicle motion modeling and control, reactive, graph based and optimal motion planning. An emphasis on examples from recent research in the area pervades the course content. The course requires background knowledge in state space modeling, linear algebra, probability theory and optimization theory.', 'Antireq: ME 597 Topic 1', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ME', '001861', 'GRD', 'Metallurgy and Plasticity in Metalworking', 'The interaction of material properties and process variables in plastic deformation processes. Phenomena of hot, warm and cold working. Thermo-mechanical processing. Flow stress and workability. Effects of hydrostatic pressure. Analysis of stress and strain state in forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing and sheet metalworking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'ME', '001862', 'GRD', 'Surface Modelling in Machining', 'This course presents the principles behind the mathematical representation of surfaces in ways that are suitable for computers, together with the application of such representations to computer-controlled machining processes. The Bezier, B-spline and NURBS representations are all covered, as are important surface properties, like curvature, shortest-distance algorithms, ray-intersection, surface sub-division, knot insertion, and degree elevation. Machining aspects covered are three-, four- and five-axis methods, anti-gouging methods and anti-interference checking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('649', 'ME', '001863', 'GRD', 'Control of Machines and Processes', 'The concepts of computer-aided manufacturing, microcomputer systems and interfacing techniques for industrial applications. Conversion techniques, timing considerations, thermal and optical sensing, interpolation methods for control of drive systems and programmable controllers are representative of the topics presented. Hardware and software design of real time microcomputer systems which are then implemented in the laboratory constitute a major portion of the course requirements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ME', '001864', 'GRD', 'Heat Conduction', 'Steady and transient heat conduction in isotropic media. Review of fundamental principles of heat conduction and boundary conditions. Introduction to the concept of thermal resistance of systems and of thermal constriction resistance. Derivation of gradient, divergence, Laplacian, conduction equation, boundary conditions and thermal resistance in general orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates. Solutions of conduction equations in several co-ordinate systems. Introduction to finite difference and finite element formulations of the conduction equation in curvilinear co-ordinates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ME', '001865', 'GRD', 'Convective Heat Transfer', 'Derivation of the general energy equation. Parameters required for determination of heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flows. Fully numerical solutions, exact solutions, and approximate solutions for internal and external flows. Problems involving frictional heating, property variations and mass injection at the wall will be considered. If interest is indicated, special topics such as heat transfer by boiling, condensation and evaporation will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ME', '001866', 'GRD', 'Radiation Heat Transfer', 'Blackbody radiation; properties of surfaces; heat exchange between black, isothermal surfaces; heat exchange in an enclosure composed of diffuse-gray surfaces; radiation in the presence of other modes of heat transfer; radiation in absorbing-emitting media; heat exchange in enclosures containing absorbing-emitting gases; flames, luminous flames and particle radiation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ME', '001868', 'GRD', 'Advanced Fluid Mechanics', 'Cartesian tensor forms of basic equations; vorticity; Reynolds number effects; ideal, irrotational flow, some exact viscous solutions. Selection of topics from: boundary layer theory with heat and mass transfer; slow viscous flows and lubrication; hydrodynamic stability of laminar flows; special topics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'ME', '001869', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Flow', 'Stochastic concepts, averages, correlation coefficients, auto-correlation functions, spectra. Space and time scales of turbulent fluctuations, energy dissipation in turbulence. Correlation and spectral tensors in three dimensions, isotropic forms. Equations of motion, spectral equation for isotropic turbulence. Universal equilibrium theory, the Kolmogoroff spectrum. Turbulence transport modelling for engineering calculation of turbulent shear flows.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'ME', '001870', 'GRD', 'Atmospheric Dynamics', 'Hydrodynamic equations of motion on a rotating axis. Geostropic balance in the atmosphere and oceans, vertical variation of wind and pressure fields in the atmosphere, mechanisms of pressure change, vorticity equation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'ME', '001873', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Tribology', 'Various courses dealing with selected aspects of friction, lubrication and wear, including contact phenomena, lubricant behaviour under concentrated contact conditions, and lubrication in special environments. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'ME', '001874', 'GRD', 'Advanced Tribology', 'Mechanical engineering aspects of tribology are emphasized. Topics include the fundamentals of fluid film lubrication and contact mechanics. These fundamentals are applied to model friction, surface temperatures, boundary lubrication, mixed film lubrication, elastohydrodynamic lubrication and wear. Specific applications may be presented, if time permits. ME 423 is a recommended but not an essential prerequisite.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'ME', '001875', 'GRD', 'Control Engineering and Mechanical Systems', 'This course is aimed at applications of control to Mechanical Systems. Course contents: Review of Control; Poles and zeros, Transfer functions, Time Reponse, Actuators, Electrical Systems, PID Control, designing controllers with root locus, state space representations, phase planes, stability concepts, frequency Response. Applications to Mechanical systems: Robots, Hydraulic systems, Active Vibration Control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'ME', '001876', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Control Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'ME', '001877', 'GRD', 'Non-Linear Vibrations', 'Review of linear systems; free and forced vibrations; conservation systems; general autonomous systems; equilibrium and periodic solutions, linearization and Lyapunov stability criteria; Poincare-Bendixon theorem; quantitative analysis of weakly nonlinear systems in free and forced vibrations using perturbation methods; bifurcations and chaos in dynamical systems. This course will use computer programs (such as MAPLE and MATLAB) for simulation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('722', 'ME', '001879', 'GRD', 'Topics in Pressure Vessel Design', 'Design and analysis of pressure vessels, safety considerations and interpretation of pressure vessel codes. Fatigue and fracture modes of failure. Intersecting vessels and connections. Computer techniques of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'ME', '001883', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Advanced Stress Analysis', 'Various courses dealing with advanced topics in stress analysis such as finite element and other computational techniques, variational approaches, continuum mechanics, plasticity, contact and dynamic stresses. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ME', '001888', 'GRD', 'Corrosion and Oxidation', 'Electrochemical reactions and equilibria in ionic systems. Electrode kinetics and rates of corrosion. Modes of corrosive attack including stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement. Corrosion prevention through materials selection, design, cathodic and anodic protection and coatings. Mechanisms and kinetics of high temperature oxidation. Selection of high temperature materials for maximum service lives. Discussion of technologically important material-environment combinations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('734', 'ME', '001889', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Composite Materials', 'Mechanics of advanced fiber-reinforced composite materials, including continuous fiber, discontinuous fiber, and laminates. Review of reinforcing fiber and matrix properties, and mechanics of anisotropic material. Micromechanics concepts will be covered for material property and strength evaluation of lamina. Governing equations for classical lamination theory will be derived and applied, and extended for analysis of laminated plates. Includes advanced topics such as progressive failure, damage mechanics, fracture and energy absorbing characteristics, as well as fatigue of laminated structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'ME', '001890', 'GRD', 'Special Topics - Welding and Joining', 'Discussion of selected current topics in materials science and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'ME', '001891', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanical Metallurgy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'ME', '001892', 'GRD', 'Microstructural Engineering Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ME', '001893', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Materials', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'ME', '001894', 'GRD', 'Manufacturing Processes Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'ME', '001895', 'GRD', 'Modelling and Control of Dynamic Systems', 'Review of classical system modelling. Introducing bondgraphs as a unified approach in modelling of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid dynamic systems. Application of bondgraphs to multibody dynamics. State space representation and response of linear systems. Review of classical linear control theory. Introduction to modern control theory and study system characteristics: controllability, observability and stability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'ME', '001896', 'GRD', 'Modal Analysis and Modelling', 'Computer-aided engineering complements CAD/CAM by helping the engineer design not only individual components, but also design and analyse total systems. This course deals with the area of advanced vibration analysis and modelling using a combination of data acquisition and software analysis methods. This modal analysis approach to design uses several software packages. Topics discussed are the theory of modal analysis, parameter estimation and error assessment, computer modelling of structures, practical aspects of good data collection and manipulation. The course involves significant laboratory usage.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'ME', '001898', 'GRD', 'Quality Assurance and Reliability in Manufacturing', 'Building quality in manufacturing processes and products through statistical design of experiments. Reliability engineering and the association with quality. Reliability models of systems. Maintainability, and fault free analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'ME', '001901', 'GRD', 'Topics in Manufacturing', 'Various courses dealing with recent advances in manufacturing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('748', 'ME', '001902', 'GRD', 'Topics in Surface Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'ME', '001903', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Machining', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ME', '001904', 'GRD', 'Solar Energy', 'Terrestrial and extra-terrestrial solar radiation; radiative and optical properties of materials; basic and advanced flat plate solar thermal converters, focussing converters, solar-electric converters, solar photovoltaic cells, thermal storage; applications to building heating and cooling systems, industrial heat and central electric plants. (Also offered Online)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'ME', '001906', 'GRD', 'Advanced Differential Equations and Special Functions', 'General linear second order ordinary differential equations. Hypergeometric functions, confluent hypergeometric functions. Legendre and Bessel functions. Orthogonality, generating functions, asymptotic expansions, integral relations. Hermite, Legendre, Laquerre and other orthogonal polynomials. Advanced Fourier series; Laplace, Fourier and other integral transforms. Problems from several areas of engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('758', 'ME', '001907', 'GRD', 'Thermal Contact Resistance', 'Theory and application of thermal contact resistance. Parameters influencing contact resistance. Metrology of machined surfaces and their geometric interaction. Mechanical interaction of machined surfaces. Review of elasticity and plasticity theories. Discussion of modified Hertzian theory, including the effect of surface roughness. Thermal constriction resistance theories of circular, rectangular, elliptic, linear strip and annular strip contact areas. Theory of heat flux tubes. Superposition of microscopic and macroscopic resistance. Contacts in vacuum. Effect of interstitial fluids. Effect of metallic and non-metallic substances. Application of theory to industrial problems and well-defined systems such as bearings and powder substances.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'ME', '001908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Experimental Methods in Thermal and Fluids Engineering', 'Design of experiments, error analysis, thermometry, flow visualization, anemometry, barometry, gas chromatography, radiation spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, photography and thermal radiation flux measurement. Application of these methods to measurements in reacting and non-reacting fluids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ME', '001909', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Thermal Engineering', '', 'Antireq: ME 571', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ME', '001910', 'GRD', 'Fluid Dynamic Design of Turbomachines', 'Basic equations in stationary and rotating coordinate systems, forms suitable for axial flow and centrifugal flow machinery. Analysis and experimental characteristics of two-dimensional cascades, analysis of circular cascades. Effects of turbulence. Axisymmetric and general three-dimensional flows in diffusers, inlets, volutes and blade passages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ME', '001911', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Diffusion in the Natural Environment', 'Statistical quantities of interest in turbulent diffusion; Eulerian and Lagrangian probability distributions, averages, correlations, spectra. Specific prediction models for atmospheric and oceanic mixing processes, diffusion in a homogeneous field in a boundary layer. Effects of density stratification, buoyant movements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ME', '001912', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Numerical Methods, Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer', 'Various courses dealing with numerical methods of predicting the fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical reaction in engineering equipment, in the human body, and in the environment. The methods usually involve the solution of partial differential equations of the parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic type.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'ME', '001915', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Mechatronics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'MSCI', '001925', 'GRD', 'Research Methods in the Management Sciences', 'This course focuses on methods used in empirical research in the management sciences. It encompasses: stages in the research process, theory building, problem definition, research strategies and designs, measurement issues, sampling, ethical concerns, data analysis, and the communication of research results. These issues will be examined in published research and student proposals. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'MSCI', '001926', 'GRD', 'Strategic Management of Technological Innovation', 'This course includes: integrating technology and business strategy; design and evolution of technology strategy; development of the firm''s innovative capabilities; creating and implementing systems for innovation; innovation challenges in established firms. In addition to a textbook, cases are used to add realism and context to this course. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'MSCI', '001927', 'GRD', 'Principles of Operations Research', 'This course surveys a spectrum of models and techniques in Operations Research, with emphasis on applications. It focuses on the development of modeling skills, the interpretation of results, sensitivity analysis and computer implementations of decision support systems. Topics include linear, integer and network optimization models. Simulation analysis and other topics in stochastic processes may also be covered. The use of quantitative models in different levels of the decision making hierarchy are illustrated through case studies and readings from the Management Sciences literature. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Antireq:MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'MSCI', '001929', 'GRD', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'MSCI', '001934', 'GRD', 'Organizations & Technical Systems', 'This research seminar concentrates on a macro view of organizations as dynamic systems. It emphasizes the principles of effective management of organizations and technology. Further, the course examines the conceptual foundations of organizational theory and design. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 605', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'MSCI', '001936', 'GRD', 'Human Computer Interaction', 'This course concentrates on the theoretical and practical issues related to the design of the human-computer interfaces. Aspects of human perception, cognition and various models of task analysis are discussed. Further, the course examines the principles of interface design and the related empirical evidence. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students', 'Prereq: MSCI 605. Antireq MSCI 730,CS 649', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'MSCI', '001937', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Models in Operations Research', 'The goal of this course is to enable students to think probabilistically. The modelling and analysis of uncertain systems in operations research is emphasized. Tools include renewal theory, Markov processes and queuing analysis, while application areas include production and inventory control, health-management, transportation, and other problems in probabilistic operations research. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'MSCI', '001938', 'GRD', 'Discrete Event Simulation', 'This course provides an introduction to Discrete Event Simulation. Topics covered include applications of discrete event simulation, simulation languages, data collection and input analysis, random number generation, validation, output analysis for a single system, comparison of several systems, variance reduction techniques and experimental design. Through a project, students will acquire the skills necessary to define a problem, develop and validate a conceptual and computer model, analyse the problem, and make recommendations. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'MSCI', '001939', 'GRD', 'Production and Inventory Management', 'The course emphasizes inventory control models with deterministic and stochastic demand, and supply chain management. Other areas which might be addressed are aggregate planning, machine scheduling, material requirements planning, and multi-echelon production and distribution systems. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'MSCI', '001950', 'GRD', 'Database Management Systems', 'The course is concerned with the design, management and use of databases. The course combines theoretical foundations of database organization and database design methodologies with the practical aspects of developing, implementing and managing databases. Some topics include: relational database design, entity modelling, SQL, and comparison of different types of databases.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'MSCI', '001957', 'GRD', 'Linear Programming and Extensions', 'Introduction to selected applications of LP. The simplex method. Duality and sensitivity analysis. Computer solutions to LP. Network flow problems with applications and algorithms. Special topics such as revised simplex method, primal-dual method, decomposition principle, generalized upperbounding and ellipsoid methods. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'MSCI', '001958', 'GRD', 'Applied Optimization', 'The course focuses on the modeling and solution of practical optimization problems. It covers formulations based on integer and nonlinear optimization, solution approaches based on large-scale optimization, and algorithmic design and implementation. Topics include set covering formulations, Lagrangean relaxation, Benders decomposition, column generation, branch-and-price, nonlinear programming, and metaheuristics. Possible applications areas include bin packing, routing, scheduling, and logistics planning. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'MSCI', '001960', 'GRD', 'Logistics and Supply Chain Management', 'Modern supply chain management encompasses the logistics of inventory and transportation flows, whether within a given organization or between that firm and other companies (suppliers, customers) that are part of its business. This course thus deal with models and analyses of the inbound transportation of raw materials, manufactured components and sub-assemblies. Another emphasis is the (outbound) physical distribution of finished goods from factory to consumer: freight transportation (various modes, customer service, multi-location inventory management and distribution-centre site selection. Specialized topics (for term projects) may be chosen from among Logistics Information Systems; Global Supply Chain Management; Vehicle Routing; or the Logistics of e-Commerce. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'MSCI', '001963', 'GRD', 'Decision Analysis Under Uncertainty', 'The course goal is to understand, model and improve decision making under uncertainty and complexity. Bayesian principles and expected utility theory are combined, their underlying assumptions critically reviewed, and alternative theories surveyed. Other issues addressed include decision with multiple attributes. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'MSCI', '001969', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Data Analytics', 'The objective of this course is to develop skills with a range of procedures and programs for multivariate data analysis. The focus will be on practical issues such as selecting the appropriate analysis, preparing data for analysis, menu-driven and syntax programming, interpreting output, and presenting results of a complex nature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'MSCI', '001970', 'GRD', 'Operations Analytics', 'This course covers predictive analytics that provides techniques to model the relationships between inputs and outcomes, and construct predictions about future outcomes, and prescriptive analytics that provides tools to optimize actions against a complex set of objectives to find best practices and design best policies under all circumstances. The theoretical techniques will be applied to such chains, service industries, healthcare systems, revenue management, inventory management, and sports.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'MSCI', '001986', 'GRD', 'Economics of Technological Change', 'This is an applied course in industrial organization economics. It deals with productivity, the relationship between productivity and technological change, the determinants to firms'' investments in research, development and innovation, the diffusion of innovations, entrepreneurship, and technology policy. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 607', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'MSCI', '001991', 'GRD', 'Topics in Organizational Analysis and Behaviour', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'MSCI', '001995', 'GRD', 'Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship: Managing New Technology-based Firms', 'An overview of the process of initiating startups, spin-outs or new ventures within an existing company. Ventures based on new technologies are a focus. Topics include extrpreneurship and organizational culture, opportunity identification and assessment, business plans and new venture diagnostics, protecting intellectual property, finance, marketing and the entrpreneurial team.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'MSCI', '001999', 'GRD', 'Topics in Other Areas of Management Sciences', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'MSCI', '002006', 'GRD', 'Special Directed Readings', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'OPTOM', '002036', 'GRD', 'Radiation and the Visual Stimulus', 'Measurement and specification of light; radiometric and photometric relationships; spectrophotometry and the C.I.E. colorimetric specification of visual stimuli; radiation limits of the visual system. Radiation hazards and safety criteria.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'OPTOM', '002037', 'GRD', 'Neurophysiology of Vision', 'An advanced course which examines photoreceptor function, the retina, the neural processing of form and colour by the geniculo-striate system, the neural control of eye movements and accommodation by midbrain and brainstem structures, the vestibular system as it relates to vision, eye-hand co-ordination, the neural processing involved in reading.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'OPTOM', '002038', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangements with the faculty member, the student and his or her committee.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614A', 'OPTOM', '002068', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 1-MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614B', 'OPTOM', '002069', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 2 - MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'OPTOM', '002072', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangement with the faculty member and the student''s committee. The course is designed for PhD students only. The course cannot be similar in content to 608 taken at the Master''s level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'PHIL', '002148', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in Applied Philosophy.These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 673, Graduate Courses in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 675 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems. These courses are often held in conjunction with 400 level philosophy courses, through of course the work requirements for graduate students are more stringent. Students must pay attention to the restriction on the number of these courses they are allowed to count toward their degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'PHIL', '002157', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in the department''s field of research concentration. These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 674, Graduate Course in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 676 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('699', 'PHIL', '002190', 'GRD', 'Applied Research Placement Tutorial', 'Students in the Applied Philosophy program enroll in this tutorial in conjunction with a placement at a host organization. The Applied Research Placement will prepare the student to make a research contribution on a specific philosophical topic and to make an applied contribution outside of philosophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'PHYS', '002192', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 1', 'Review of formalism of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics including symmetries and invariance. Approximation methods and scattering theory. Elementary quantum theory of radiation. Introduction to one-particle relativistic wave equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'PHYS', '002193', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 2', 'Concepts of relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary quantum field theory, and Feynman diagrams. Application to many particle systems. Students who have not taken PHYS 701 but have an equivalent background in Quantum Mechanics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'PHYS', '002195', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 1', 'Statistical basis of thermodynamics; microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles; quantum statistical mechanics, theory of the density matrix; fluctuations, noise, irreversible thermodynamics; transport theory; application to gases, liquids, solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'PHYS', '002196', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 2', 'Phase transitions. Fluctuation phenomena. Kubo''s theory of time correlation functions for transport and spectral properties; applications selected from a variety of topics including linearized hydrodynamics of normal and superfluids, molecular liquids, liquid crystals, surface phenomena, theory of the dielectric constant, etc. Students who have not taken PHYS 704 but have an equivalent background in Statistical Physics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 704 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'PHYS', '002197', 'GRD', 'Electromagnetic Theory', 'Maxwell''s equations and conservation laws; accelerated point charges and electromagnetic radiation; multipole expansions; electromagnetism and special relativity; selected applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PHYS', '002198', 'GRD', 'Applications of Group Theory', 'Introduction to group theory; symmetry, the group concept, representation theory, character theory. Applications to molecular vibrations, the solid state, quantum mechanics and crystal field theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'PHYS', '002199', 'GRD', 'Green''s Function Method', 'Review of essential quantum field theory. Zero and finite temperature Green''s functions. Applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PHYS', '002200', 'GRD', 'Atomic Physics', 'Emphasis on atomic structure and spectroscopy. Review of angular momentum, rotations, Wigner-Eckart theorem, n-j symbols. Energy levels in complex atoms, Hartree-Fock theory, radiative transitions and inner shell processes. Further topics selected with class interest in mind, at least one of which to be taken from current literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'PHYS', '002202', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'PHYS', '002203', 'GRD', 'Molecular Physics', 'Angular momentum and the rotation of molecules; introduction to group theory with application to molecular vibrations; principles of molecular spectroscopy; spectra of isolated molecules; intermolecular interactions and their effects on molecular spectra; selected additional topics (e.g., electronic structure of molecules, experimental spectroscopic techniques, neutron scattering, correlation functions, collision induced absorption, extension of group theory to molecular crystals, normal coordinate analysis, etc.).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'PHYS', '002204', 'GRD', 'Intermediate and High Energy Physics', 'Strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. Isospin, strangeness, conservation laws and symmetry principles. Leptons, hadrons, quarks and their classification, formation, interactions and decay.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PHYS', '002206', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 1', 'Phonons, electron states, electron-electron interaction, electron-ion interaction, static properties of solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('732', 'PHYS', '002207', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 2', 'Transport properties; optical properties; magnetism; superconductivity; disordered systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('733', 'PHYS', '002208', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'PHYS', '002215', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'PHYS', '002218', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'PHYS', '002219', 'GRD', 'Clinical Applications of Physics in Medicine', 'This course provides an overview of the application of physics to medicine. The physical concepts underlying the diagnosis and treatment of disease will be explored. Topics will include general imaging principles such as resolution, intensity and contrast; x-ray imaging and computed tomography; radioisotopes and nuclear medicine, SPECT and PET; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasound imaging and radiation therapy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'PHYS', '002220', 'GRD', 'Molecular Biophysics', 'Physical methods of determining macromolecular structure: energetics, intramolecular and intermolecular forces, with applications to lamellar structures, information storage, DNA and RNA, recognition and rejection of foreign molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('754', 'PHYS', '002222', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('757', 'PHYS', '002224', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'PHYS', '002227', 'GRD', 'Special Lecture and Reading Course', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PHYS', '002228', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PHYS', '002230', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Astrophysics', 'Multi-wavelength astronomy: radio, infrared, optical and x-ray observations. Radiative Processes: macroscopic description, thermal and non-thermal emission, scattering, line transitions and plasma effects. Gravitational Dynamics: potential and orbits, self-gravitating systems, the Collisionless Boltzmann Equation, gravitational encounters. Fluid Mechanics: simple fluids, soundwaves and shocks, instabilities and transport mechanisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'PHYS', '002232', 'GRD', 'Cosmology', 'Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric and dynamics; big bang thermodynamics; nucleosynthesis; recombination; perturbation theory and structure formation; anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background; statistics of cosmological density and velocity fields; galaxy formation; inflation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'PHYS', '002233', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'PHYS', '002234', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'PLAN', '002238', 'GRD', 'Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include: tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices.', 'Antireq: PLAN 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'PLAN', '002242', 'GRD', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine the redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a fee component. (Field trip will not exceed $60.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'PLAN', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'GEOG', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECDEV', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PLAN', '002247', 'GRD', 'Social Concepts in Planning', 'An advanced examination of planners in their environment considering the relationship between social and land use planning. The course will examine a set of social concepts which may include: safety, gentrification, neighbourhood revitalization, social mix, community, displacement, participation, social capital, social sustainability, accessibility, public space, urban sprawl and social cohesion.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PLAN', '002249', 'GRD', 'Methods of Social Investigation for Planners', 'Selected research approaches and methods used in planning research and practice including, for example, survey research, field research, participatory research; methods using existing data; needs assessment research. The purposes of social inquiry, the development of theories, the use of research in policy-making, and the ethical issues associated with social research provide the context for discussing the details of research methods. A course for those with some research skills and wishing to pursue planning-related methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PLAN', '002251', 'GRD', 'Planning Law', 'A seminar in Planning Law using the case study approach. Although the emphasis is primarily on the law in Ontario, reference is made to planning law in other provinces for purposes of comparison. Planning issues dealt with by the Ontario Municipal Board are used to illustrate the power to regulate the use of land, the law relating to citizen participation, problems of non-conforming uses, and the maintenance of environmental quality in neighbourhoods and communities. Some general familiarity with law is desirable, but not essential. Estimated additional cost to student: $40.00', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'PLAN', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'GEOG', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PLAN', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'GEOG', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'PLAN', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'GEOG', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'PLAN', '002307', 'GRD', 'Planning Paradigms and Theory', 'Historical background and development of planning including cultural, philosophical and disciplinary roots; planning theory and its applications in urban, regional, service and environmental areas.', 'Prereq: Planning Graduate Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PLAN', '002308', 'GRD', 'Research Design', 'The major philosophical and methodological approaches to research in a professional field of practice and related academic fields.', 'Planning Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PLAN', '002317', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Planning Scholarship', 'Introductory examination of Planning as a discipline, scholarly endeavor and professional field. Students will learn about and evaluate the evolution of planning scholarship, planning practice and their integration in diverse contexts. Professional development topics will include journal writing and review, grant applications, consulting, professional writing, professional ethics, and knowledge mobilization.', 'Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('802', 'PLAN', '002320', 'GRD', 'Advanced Planning Theory', 'An advanced examination of planning theory. This course offers students an in-depth look at canonical works and recent developments in planning theory and their connections to practice. Students will also consider the influence of various strands of social theory and philosophy of science on planning thought. Underlying epistemologies and ontologies will be discussed.', 'Prereq: PLAN 801 and Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PMATH', '002339', 'GRD', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed; making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Antireq: PMATH 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'PMATH', '002341', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Antireq: PMATH 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'PMATH', '002346', 'GRD', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, LP spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Antireq: PMATH 451', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PMATH', '002347', 'GRD', 'Topics in Complex Analysis', 'The Riemann mapping theorem and several topics such as analytic continuation, harmonic functions, elliptic functions, entire functions, univalent functions, special functions. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the department.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352 or consent of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PMATH', '002349', 'GRD', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Antireq: PMATH 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'PMATH', '002350', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Antireq: PMATH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'PMATH', '002351', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'Reading Course', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'PMATH', '002391', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Lie Groups and Lie Algebras', 'An introduction to matrix Lie groups and their associated Lie algebras: geometry of matrix Lie groups; relations between a matrix Lie group and its Lie algebra; representation theory of matrix Lie groups.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'PMATH', '002392', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Algebraic Geometry', 'An introduction to algebraic geometry through the theory of algebraic curves. General algebraic geometry: affine and projective algebraic sets, Hilbert''s Nullstellensatz, co-ordinate rings, polynomial maps, rational functions and local rings. Algebraic curves: affine and projective plane curves, tangency and multiplicity, intersection numbers, Bezout''s theorem and divisor class groups.', 'Antireq: PMATH 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSCI', '002420', 'GRD', 'Political Theory 1', 'Problems in classical and contemporary political theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PSCI', '002422', 'GRD', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'An examination of the justification and limitations of democratic government, as well as more practical applications of democratic theory to the workplace, judicial review, legal obligations, etc. The focus will be on problems of democratic theory and practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'PSCI', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PACS', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PSCI', '002424', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Political Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630A', 'PSCI', '002428', 'GRD', 'Public Administration and Policy 1', 'An in-depth analysis of selected theories of public administration and public policy (e.g.) organization, behaviour, motivation, responsibility, policy making and implementation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'PSCI', '002430', 'GRD', 'The State and Economic Life', 'An analytical and comparative study of the growth of government intervention in the economic process, and of the development of the welfare state in selected western liberal-democratic societies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSCI', '002431', 'GRD', 'The Politics of Canadian Resource Development', 'An examination of various public policies designed to promote the exploitation and export of Canada''s natural resources with an emphasis on the economic, political, social and environmental implications of these developmental strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PSCI', '002432', 'GRD', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'In this course, we examine some of the conceptual frameworks that have been used by policy analysts in the past, in order to assess the possibilities as well as the limitations of such frameworks. We then develop our own approaches to examining some recent policy developments in Canada, using the insights of the authors we have examined. We will examine federal economic policy, provincial health policy, and municipal zoning policies, in order to assess (among other factors) the relative significance of policy focus, the situation of the policy-makers in the political system and ideological preferences.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PSCI', '002433', 'GRD', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'A comparative survey of public administration in both developed and developing areas. The focus is on the rise of the administrative state in a variety of cultural and political contexts, and on the study of general concepts which can then be applied in a variety of settings. Among the topics to be discussed are: comparison in the study of public administration; bureaucracy as a focus for comparison; the concept of the administrative state; the evolution of national administrative systems; the politics-administration interface and the senior civil service; bureaucracy and democracy; representative bureaucracy; bureaucratic ethics and morality; and the ombudsman and government secrecy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'PSCI', '002434', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Public Policy and Administration', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSCI', '002440', 'GRD', 'Approaches to the Study of Comparative Politics', 'This course focuses on some of the methodological and theoretical problems involved in the conduct of comparative political inquiry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PSCI', '002442', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Third World Politics and Development II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'PSCI', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PACS', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'PSCI', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'GGOV', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'PSCI', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GGOV', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PACS', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PSCI', '002450', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Institutions', 'This course examines the structure and operation of central institutions in government, including dominant theories and approaches to their study. Topics may include the constitution, Parliament, the executive, courts, federalism and intergovernmental relations, political parties, provincial and municipal governance, and the bureaucracy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'PSCI', '002451', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Process', 'This course examines the political process and societal cleavages in Canada, with a focus on new directions and debates in research. Topics may include elections and voting behaviour, social policy, gender, regionalism and nationalism, Indigenous politics, political culture, interest groups and social movements, and rights.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'PSCI', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GGOV', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'PSCI', '002455', 'GRD', 'Women and Public Policy', 'Public policy in a variety of areas significant for women (including sport, employment equity, violence) sometimes fails to take into account women''s experiences and needs. In this course, we will review policy developments, and reflect on the significance of feminist perspectives for policy analysis. The course will focus on Canadian examples, with comparative material included where useful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'PSCI', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'GGOV', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PACS', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'PSCI', '002464', 'GRD', 'Topics in International Political Economy', 'Contemporary perspectives and issues in international political economy, with particular attention to advanced industrial countries. Topics include political/economic cooperation, the politics of trade, and the politics of adjustment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'PSCI', '002465', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in International Politics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'PSCI', '002467', 'GRD', 'Explaining Interstate War', 'An examination of explanation of interstate war found in classic texts and current empirical studies. (Heldwith PSCI 481).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'PSCI', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'GGOV', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', 'Prereq: Global Governance Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PACS', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSYCH', '002517', 'GRD', 'Advanced Clinical Research', 'Clinical students in all of the first four years of the graduate program are expected to enroll in this clinical research topics seminar that will meet weekly and continue throughout the fall and winter terms to discuss new and ongoing clinical research topics conducted by the students and faculty in the program. Topics will include research into personality study, psychopathology, various assessment and therapeutic efforts in clinical psychology. Special emphasis will be placed on research design and statistical analysis applicable to lab and clinical settings.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSYCH', '002539', 'GRD', 'Multiple Regression', 'Basic principles used in the design of experiments and the analysis of experimental data, with emphasis on multiple regression and complex analysis of variance techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSYCH', '002572', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Cognition and Perception', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677A', 'PSYCH', '002626', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience', 'This survey course will be team-taught by members of the Cognitive Neuroscience Area and faculty from other departments within Neuroscience research programs, and will serve to introduce students to major subareas of ongoing cognitive neuroscience research at Waterloo. Topics can include (but are not restricted to) the neuroscience of vision, attention, memory, spatial navigation, face perception, somatosensory processing, locomotion, and multisensory integration. Students will also be exposed to the broad range of neuroscience methods ranging from cellular and psychological studies to behavioural and functional neuroimaging methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('679A', 'PSYCH', '002630', 'GRD', 'Clincial Neuropsych Practicum', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704A', 'PSYCH', '002719', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704B', 'PSYCH', '002720', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PSYCH', '002724', 'GRD', 'Reasoning about Ownership of Property', 'Ownership of property is an important determinant of human behaviour. It is especially important in development because most of young children''s social conflicts concern the possession and use of objects and these conflicts often involve reasoning about ownership. This class will examine the development of reasoning about ownership. Although the main approach will be developmental, a multidisciplinary approach will be taken. Readings will include papers from other areas of psychology and from philosophy, anthropology, law, and ethology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PSYCH', '002749', 'GRD', 'Emotion-Focused Therapy', 'The purpose of this course is to provide students with grounding in the theory and skills required to work effectively with emotions in psychotherapy. The course will begin with an overview of the role of emotions in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. Three major principles\nof change in EFT: Awareness, regulation, and restructuring of emotion will be examined and the principles of EFT to conceptualize and treat distress at the level of the individual, the dyad, and the family will be applied. Only students in the Clinical Psychology program are permitted to take this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'PSYCH', '002754', 'GRD', 'Cognition and Perception Seminar', 'This is a weekly seminar including both student and faculty presentations of current research and student proposals for MA or PhD work. The format of the seminars may vary from term to term depending on the availability of invited speakers, topics of interest to students and faculty, and the research of members of the group.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'PSYCH', '002758', 'GRD', 'Basic Issues in Cognition', 'A seminar in which major methods and theoretical arguments in contemporary cognitive psychology will be examined through the reading and evaluation of significant papers of the past several decades.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'PSYCH', '002760', 'GRD', 'Auditory Processes and Speech Perception', 'A seminar dealing with primary auditory processes and the basics of speech perception. Topics may include cochlear mechanisms, loudness, pitch, auditory localization, central auditory mechanisms, the motor theory of speech, contemporary speech theory, and artificial speech.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PSYCH', '002761', 'GRD', 'Psychophysics and Measurement', 'A seminar covering classical psychophysics and more recent psychophysical scaling techniques. Topics include theory and methods of classical psychophysics (Weber, Fechner), direct and indirect scaling, multidimensional scaling, and signal detection theory. Contextual effects and sequential effects may be included.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'PSYCH', '002763', 'GRD', 'Consciousness and Cognition', 'Investigation of the methods and theories concerning the distinction between conscious and unconscious representation of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'PSYCH', '002764', 'GRD', 'Problem Solving, Judgment and Decision-Making', 'A seminar on the cognitive processes involved in problem solving, judgment and decision making. Representative topics include reasoning, traditional and artificial intelligence approaches to problem solving, heuristics and biases in judgment, and theories of choice behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('777', 'PSYCH', '002765', 'GRD', 'Human Memory', 'A seminar considering various aspects of human memory. Topics may include long-term and short-term memory, memory codes, storage and retrieval processes, and theories of forgetting.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'PSYCH', '002766', 'GRD', 'Attention', 'A seminar dealing with aspects of attention in humans. The processes involved in selective attention and the various theories of attention will be considered. Additional topics may include a consideration of preattentive processes and the analysis of nonattended sensory input.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'PSYCH', '002767', 'GRD', 'Language and Reading', 'A seminar considering various aspects of psycholinguistics and reading. Possible topics include single-word identification, theories of reading, and various aspects of contemporary psycholinguistic theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779A', 'PSYCH', '002768', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuropsychology I', 'A seminar dealing with current research in human neuropsychology. Topics will include object agnosia, coloragnosia, prosopagnosia, and anosognosia, as well as other consequences of brain damage on human cognitive functions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PSYCH', '002770', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory', 'Memory is intimately involved in most, if not all, domains of human cognition, from the ability to temporarily remember a phone number to the acquisition of language, to defining who we are. This course will consider the cognitive and neural organization of memory, the basis of remembering and forgetting, and the nature of false memories, with an emphasis on the consequences of brain changes associated with normal and pathological aging. Throughout, cognitive theory and behavioural evidence will be integrated with data from neuropsychology and functional brain imaging.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('783', 'PSYCH', '002772', 'GRD', 'Neuroimaging of Cognition', 'Students will learn fundamental aspects of various neuroimaging techniques as they relate to broad areas of cognition including vision, attention, language, memory and executive control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('800', 'PSYCH', '002774', 'GRD', 'Psychometric Theory & Structural Equation Modeling', 'The first part of the course introduces classical test theory and test construction principles, and addresses issues in interpreting test scores. The second part covers exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The last part of the course examines important measurement issues that arise in the analysis of experimental and nonexperimental data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PSYCH', '002775', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Equation Modeling', 'This course addresses contemporary advances in the areas of psychometric theory and structural equation modeling. Included are topics such as item response theory, nonlinear factor analysis, latent curve models and other longitudinal models, and models for analyzing dyadic data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('836A', 'PSYCH', '002790', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum in Applied Psychology', 'Part-time supervised field work training in an applied setting. For on-campus students only. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('883', 'PSYCH', '002872', 'GRD', 'Organizational and Management Development', 'An introduction to the theories and techniques for improving organizational effectiveness. This course is open to students, with instructor consent, who have sufficient background in human resource management or organizational behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('886', 'PSYCH', '002890', 'GRD', 'Psychology of Training', 'Examines major topics and issues regarding the psychology of training in work organizations. Areas typically covered include task analysis, training objectives, curriculum development, instructional techniques, and training evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'REC', '002892', 'GRD', 'Integrative Seminar in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'An examination and discussion of the definitions, concepts and theories used in recreation and leisure studies. The seminar seeks to identify and discuss current theories, methods, and issues, and to examine the concepts of professionalism and scientific inquiry as they apply to the field of recreation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('609', 'REC', '002898', 'GRD', 'Internship in Recreation Service', 'A structured experience in a specified community agency to provide the student with the opportunity to relate theory and practice. A minimum of 50 hours per term will be required. Approval of Faculty Supervisor and Field Supervisor; Faculty Supervisor to assign grade via final written report, in consultation with Field Supervisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', 'Prereq: REC 662 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'REC', '002908', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual or small group basis with members of the faculty.', 'REC Grad students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'REC', '002969', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Knowledge in Leisure Studies', 'An examination of the different paradigmatic perspective that influence the multidisciplinary field of Leisure Studies. The interrelationships among paradigms, theories, epistemologies, and methodologies are explored, with particular attention to their application to current research in the field. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'RUSS', '002998', 'GRD', 'Approaches to Language Didactics', 'Students become familiar with the theorectical foundations of language teaching methodologies and develop a deeper understanding of their own work as language instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'SOC', '003036', 'GRD', 'Sociological Theory', 'A critical overview of selected original writings of major sociological theorists from the 19th and 20th centuries (including, among others, Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Mead, Schutz, Wollstonecraft, Martineau, D. Smith, Giddens, and Habermas). Attention is paid throughout to issues in the philosophy of social science and sociology of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'SOC', '003037', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Digital Media', 'An examination of the circuits of technology, creativity, and culture in new media industries, including qualitative work with start-ups and entrepreneurs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'SOC', '003042', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Sociological Theory', 'This course provides an overview of major works of social thought in contemporary context.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'SOC', '003043', 'GRD', 'Selected Problems in Sociological Theory', 'Relation of sociological theory to specific problems of sociological analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SOC', '003044', 'GRD', 'Intermediate Social Statistics', 'Applied multiple regression/correlation, with emphasis on data processing/computing, model construction and interpretation and underlying statistical assumptions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'SOC', '003045', 'GRD', 'Elements of Social Research', 'The social science research process is examined within quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches.', 'Prereq: Sociology Graduate Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'SOC', '003048', 'GRD', 'Mixed Methods Research', 'Strategies are introduced to design, implement and critically assess the appropriateness of mixed methods different designs integration, interpretation, logistics, benefits and the challenges involved in conducting mixed methods research.', 'Prereq: SOC 712', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'SOC', '003049', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Sociology', 'An instructor will teach in their area of specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SOC', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'PACS', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SOC', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'RS', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'SOC', '003053', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Deviance', 'The seminar undertakes a critical examination of the major theoretical perspectives in the sociology of deviance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'SOC', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'WS', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'SOC', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'PACS', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'SOC', '003061', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Knowledge', 'The seminar undertakes to develop a general theory of the relation of social thought to social action, comparative value systems and the role of the scientist, artist and intellectual in society.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SOC', '003062', 'GRD', 'Theories of Social Change', 'A systematic review and analysis of major theories of social change. Theoretical problems are examined within a specific context such as social organization, economic institutions, social stratification, and urban structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('785', 'SOC', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GGOV', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'SOC', '003068', 'GRD', 'Graduate Readings in Sociology', 'Selected readings in a specific topic including the preparation of a research paper under the supervision of a faculty member.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('831', 'STAT', '003087', 'GRD', 'Generalized Linear Models and Applications', 'Review of normal linear regression and maximum likelihood estimation. Computational methods, including Newton-Raphson and iteratively reweighted least squares. Binomial regression; the role of the link function. Goodness-of-fit, goodness-of-link, leverage. Poisson regression models. Generalized linear models. Other topics in regression modelling.', 'Antireq: STAT 431.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('833', 'STAT', '003088', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes 2', 'This course provides further ideas and methods in stochastic modelling, with an emphasis on continuous-time stochastic processes. Topics cover time to absorption based quantities and discrete phase-type distributions of discrete-time Markov chains, continuous-time Markov chains with a countable state space, limit distributions for ergodic and absorbing chains, and applications including birth and death processes and queueing models of practical interest. Other topics may include continuous phase-type distributions, renewal theory and limit theorems for regenerative processes, and phase-type renewal processes.', 'Antirequisite: STAT 433.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('835', 'STAT', '003089', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Process Improvement', 'Statistical methods for improving processes based on observational data. Assessment of measurement systems. Strategies for variation reduction. Process monitoring, control and adjustment. Clue generation techniques for determining the sources of variability. Variation transmission.', 'Antireq: STAT 435', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('840', 'STAT', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'CM', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('841', 'STAT', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'CM', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('844', 'STAT', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CM', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('850', 'STAT', '003094', 'GRD', 'Estimation and Hypothesis Testing', 'Discussion of inference problems under the headings of hypothesis testing and point and interval estimation. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches to inference. Construction and evaluation of tests and estimators. Large sample theory of point estimation.', 'Antireq: STAT 450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('854', 'STAT', '003097', 'GRD', 'Sampling Theory and Practice', 'Sources of survey error. Probability sampling designs, estimation and efficiency comparisons. Distribution theory and confidence intervals. Generalized regression estimation. Software for survey analysis.', 'Antireq: STAT 454.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('901', 'STAT', '003101', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 1', 'Probability measures, random variables as measurable functions, expectation, independence, characteristic functions, limit theorems, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('902', 'STAT', '003102', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 2', 'Review of conditioning on sigma-fields; martingale theory (discrete and continuous-time) and applications; counting processes; Brownian motion; stochastic differential and integral equations and applications; general theory of Markov processes (including martingale problems and semigroup theory), diffusions; weak convergence of stochastic processes on function spaces; functional versions of the central limit theorem and strong laws; convergence of empirical processes.', 'Antireq: ECE 780', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('906', 'STAT', '003104', 'GRD', 'Computer Intensive Methods for Stochastic Models in Finance', 'Review of basic numerical methods. Simulation of random variables, stochastic processes and stochastic models in finance. Numerical solution of deterministic and stochastic differential equations. Valuation of complex financial instruments and derivative securities. Project and paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('908', 'STAT', '003105', 'GRD', 'Statistical Inference', 'Principles of Inference: sufficiency, conditionality, and likelihood; examples and counter examples; conditional inference and ancillarity. Theory of Hypothesis Testing: Neyman-Pearson lemma; similar tests; invariant tests. Asymptotic Theory: maximum likelihood and related theory; large-sample properties of parametric significance tests. Interval Estimation: confidence intervals and significance intervals; location and scale models, conditional intervals. Introduction to Decision Theory: loss and risk functions, admissibility; minimax and Bayes rules; prior and posterior analysis. The course content of Stat 850 is a presumed prerequisite for Stat 908.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('923', 'STAT', '003113', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Multivariate problems as extensions of univariate problems, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation and principle component analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('929', 'STAT', '003116', 'GRD', 'Time Series 1', 'Iterative model building. ARIMA models, application to forecasting, seasonal models, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('930', 'STAT', '003117', 'GRD', 'Time Series 2', 'Multiple time series modeling including transfer function and intervention analysis. Various special topics in time series such as outliers, robustness, order determination methods, Kalman filtering, sampling and aggregation, seasonal adjustments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('935', 'STAT', '003120', 'GRD', 'Analysis of Survival Data', 'This course deals with methods of analyzing data on the time to failure with particular emphasis on the use of regression models for such data. Both parameteric and semi-parametric regression models will be considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('938', 'STAT', '003122', 'GRD', 'Statistical Consulting', 'This course will cover some of the basic tools of a statistical consultant. Topics will include the use of statistical packages, problem-solving techniques, discussion of common statistical consulting problems, effective communication of statistical concepts and management of consulting sessions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'SYDE', '003143', 'GRD', 'Mathematics of Computation', 'Review of mathematical and computational preliminaries; sources of error in floating-point arithmetic; solution of linear equations, eigen value problems, singular value decomposition, non-linear equations, ordinary differential equations and issues in designing mathematical software. The emphasis in this course will be on solution techniques rather than modelling and equation formulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'SYDE', '003146', 'GRD', 'Tools of Intelligent Systems Design', 'The course outlines fundamentals of intelligent systems design using tools of computational intelligence and soft computing. These include fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and other hybrid techniques such as neuro fuzzy systems and fuzzy-generated algorithms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'SYDE', '003147', 'GRD', 'Time Series Modelling', 'The theory and application of time-series modelling are presented for describing phenomena measured at discrete points in time. The types of time-series models include stationary auto regressive moving average (ARMA), nonstationary, special families of seasonal, transfer function-noise (multiple inputs-single output), intervention, and multivariate (multiple inputs-multiple output) models. Applications are used for explaining how the foregoing models are fitted to both natural and socio-economic time series by following the identification, estimation and diagnostic check stages of model construction. Other topics include simulation in engineering design, forecasting in the operation of large-scale projects, and environmental impact assessment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'SYDE', '003148', 'GRD', 'Optimization Methods', 'This course is intended to give a broad treatment of the subject of practical optimization. Emphasis will be given to understanding the motivation and scope of various optimization techniques for constrained and unconstrained problems. The methods discussed include, but are not limited to: Newton''s method and its variants, secant methods and conjugate gradient methods for unconstrained problems; active set methods, penalty methods and Lagrangian methods for constrained problems. In order to use, adapt and modify these methods, details that affect their performance will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'SYDE', '003149', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Engineering Methods', 'This course examines the fundamentals of modern perspectives on interface design for complex systems using current methods in cognitive engineering. We discuss Cognitive Work Analysis, Brunswick''s'' Lens Model, Goal Directed Task Analysis, Situation Awareness Oriented Design, Naturalistic Decision Making, Contextual Inquiry, Macro-cognitive Methods, Activity Theory, Concept Mapping, Cognitive Task Analysis, Social Network Analysis and their application to different types of human engineering problems. Students in this course will learn multiple methods in cognitive engineering with an emphasis on knowing the differences in foundation, assumptions and appropriate application of the methods. Students will be expected to apply the methods in a realistic research context, applying for ethics clearance and working with actual participants. Examples of appropriate topics may include understanding how people work with complex or automated systems models. Finally this course discusses aspects of the current research environment in cognitive engineering, with the objective of developing successful future researchers in this area.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'SYDE', '003151', 'GRD', 'Dynamics of Multibody Systems', 'In this course, linear graph theory is used to model the topology of 2-d and 3-d systems of rigid bodies connected by mechanical joints, springs, dampers, and actuators. Graph-theoretic methods are then used to systematically derive the kinematic and dynamic equations; the numeric solution of these equations provides a simulation of the system''s motion. Topics include: review of kinematics, dynamics and graph theoretic (GT) methods; application to one-dimensional mechanical systems; GT representation of two-dimensional components and systems; formulation and solution of governing system equations; extension to three dimensional mechanical systems with flexible bodies and mechatronic components; application to kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, robotic manipulators, vehicles and satellites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'SYDE', '003153', 'GRD', 'Graphic Theoretic Models for Complex Systems', 'This course extends material in SY DE 551 to include complex systems, systems with uncertainty and systems design issues. Material covered includes: non-linear systems models, their formulations and solutions; higher-order sensitivity models and solutions; second moment analysis and robust design methods for systems with probabilistic components. Examples are taken from electro-mechanical disciplines.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'SYDE', '003154', 'GRD', 'Pattern Recognition', 'Pattern recognition addresses the problem of detecting and classifying patterns in data, a process of machine perception in which objects are assigned to classes to which they are most similar. This course introduces the three modern approaches to pattern recognition: statistical, structural and neural. Specific topics include distance and probability based approaches in multidimensional feature spaces, feature extraction, clustering and performance measures; pattern grammars, syntax analysis and grammatical inference; connectionist models, pattern associators, back propagation and self-organizing networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677', 'SYDE', '003156', 'GRD', 'Medical Imaging', 'This course introduces the fundamental concepts for medical imaging which include medical image formation (X-ray, CT, MRI, sonography); storage and formats (DICOM, DICOM RT, PACS); visualization, detection and analysis (enhancement, segmentation, registration, compression); safety and regulations for imaging devices & software (IEEE standards, Health Canada Licensing, FDA Clearance).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SYDE', '003163', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mathematics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SYDE', '003173', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Computation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SYDE', '003183', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Societal-Environmental Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'SYDE', '003199', 'GRD', 'Topics in Systems Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'SYDE', '003209', 'GRD', 'Topics in Engineering Design', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'SYDE', '003214', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Communication and Information Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SYDE', '003224', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Engineering Sciences', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'AFM', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts & Business, Environment & Business, Sci & Business, Hon Rec & Leisure Studies, Hon Rec & Business, Hon Biotechnology/Economics, Human Resources Management, or Management Studies stdnts. Antireq: AFM 101,102,121, BUS 127W/227W,247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ARBUS', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: AFM 101, 102, BUS 127W/227W, 247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131', 'AFM', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ARBUS', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AFM', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'LS', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'AFM', '003253', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 1', 'A first course in intermediate accounting dealing with the theory and practice of financial statement preparation and reporting. The emphasis will be on asset valuation and the related impact on income measurement.', 'Prereq: AFM 101 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'AFM', '003257', 'UG', 'Financial Instruments and Capital Markets', 'This course is the second in a two-course sequence which offers an overview of global capital markets. The course focuses on valuation of financial instruments and the theories of financial risk and diversification.', 'Prereq: AFM 121; AFM 113 or STAT 211; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 272/ACTSC 291, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'AFM', '003258', 'UG', 'Introduction to Corporate Finance', 'This course is the first in a two-course sequence that deals with corporate financial decision-making. Topics may include capital budgeting, cost of capital, security issuance, capital structure, payout policy and dividends, and short-term finance.', 'Prereq: AFM 273; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ACTSC 372, AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'AFM', '003260', 'UG', 'Cost Management Systems', 'Consideration of more complex topics in management planning and control. Emphasis is on traditional and contemporary cost accumulation systems and their application in modern day organizations. Cases, simulations, projects, and presentations are the key instructional methods used to understand and integrate the course material. At the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of how the correct choice of a costing model adds value to the organization. [Note: Formerly AFM 481]', 'Prereq: AFM 102 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'AFM', '003261', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 2', 'This is an intermediate financial accounting course that deals with problems related to the measurement of liabilities, measurement of income, and the reporting and measuring of corporate equities.', 'Prereq: AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'AFM', '003262', 'UG', 'Accounting Theory', 'A review of accounting theory as a background for applying underlying concepts to current accounting problems. Emphasis is on current literature, with a major term paper required.', 'Prereq: AFM 391 or AFM 491; Accounting and Financial Management,\nBiotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial\nManagement, or Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'AFM', '003265', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'A course offered from time to time on a significant accounting and financial management issue. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'AFM', '003269', 'UG', 'Business Strategy', 'This course focuses on strategic management of the total enterprise. Managers contribute to the organization through their analytical and leadership capabilities as well as their technical expertise. The course provides a framework for developing and implementing strategy that fits the firm''s environment, managerial values, and organization.', 'Prereq: (AFM 274 or AFM 272/ACTSC 291) and AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ENBUS 302', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'AFM', '003273', 'UG', 'Accounting Information Systems', 'Examines the planning, requirements analysis, acquisition, and evaluation of information systems, with an emphasis on accounting information systems. Introduces information systems assurance concepts, and considers the role of information technology in the improvement of business performance.', 'Prereq: Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: CS 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AFM', '003275', 'UG', 'Audit Strategy', 'An examination of elements of audit strategy and their interrelationships, including financial assertions, types and sources of audit assurance, and evidence-gathering procedures within a framework of professional judgment. [Note: Formerly AFM 351]', 'Prereq: AFM 291, AFM 341; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'AFM', '003284', 'UG', 'Equity Investments', 'This course addresses principles of equity investments, including risk and return relationships, fundamental analysis of equities based on macroeconomic, industry and company-specific factors, financial statement analysis, and technical analysis. Portfolio allocation, performance measurement, and ethical and professional standards in the investment profession are also covered.', 'Prereq: One of AFM 272/ACTSC 291, AFM 273, ACTSC 372, ECON 371. Antireq: BUS 473W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'AFM', '003285', 'UG', 'Advanced Financial Accounting', 'An advanced accounting course considering specific problems of accounting for the corporate entity, such as business combinations, intercorporate investments, consolidated financial statements, accounting for foreign operations and foreign currency transactions, and segment reporting.', 'Prereq: AFM 391; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ACTSC', '003290', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics (Non-Specialist Level)', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount; annuities and sinking funds with practical applications to mortgage and bond questions. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Actuarial Science students. Antireq: ACTSC 231; (For Mathematics students only - CIVE 292/392)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ACTSC', '003293', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount including the theoretical continuous case of forces of interest and discount. Annuities and sinking funds, including the continuous case. Practical and theoretical applications primarily to mortgages and bonds. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 137 or 147 and (STAT 220 with a grade of at least 70% or a corequisite of STAT 230 or 240); Level at least 2A; Not open to students who have received credit for ACTSC 232. Antireq: ACTSC 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'ACTSC', '003294', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 1', 'The future lifetime random variable: probability and survival functions; force of mortality; complete and curtate expectation of life; Makeham and Gompertz mortality laws. Life tables: characteristics of population and insurance life tables; selection; fractional age assumptions. Life insurance payments and annuity payments: present value random variables; expected present values; higher moments; actuarial notation. Annual, 1/mthly and continuous cases. Relationships between insurance and annuity functions. Premiums: expense loadings. Present value of future loss random variables and distribution, net and gross cases. Equivalence principle. Portfolio percentile principle. Extra risks. [Note: Students who have met the ELPE requirement must contact their ACTSC advisor. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (At least 60% in ACTSC 231) and (STAT 230 or 240) and (at least 60% in MTHEL 131). Not open to students who received credit for ACTSC 331.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'ACTSC', '003295', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 2', 'Policy Values: Annual, 1/mthly, and continuous cases. Thiele''s equation. Modified premium policy values. Multiple state models: applications in life contingencies; assumptions; Kolmogorov equations; premiums, policy values, multiple decrement models. Joint life models: valuation of insurance benefits on joint lives, dependent and independent cases. [Note: Some of the material covered in STAT 333 reinforces some of the concepts covered in this course. Therefore students might find it beneficial to take STAT 333 and ACTSC 331 at the same time. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 232 with a grade of at least 60%; Actuarial Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ACTSC', '003299', 'UG', 'Introduction to Property and Casualty Loss Reserving', 'An introduction to property/casualty loss reserving techniques. Claim payment process. Chain-ladder methods. Stochastic models.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, (STAT 331 or 371 or 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ACTSC', '003300', 'UG', 'Casualty and Health Insurance Mathematics 1', 'Models for loss frequency: Poisson, negative binomial, binomial, (a, b, 0) class; models for loss severity including exponential, gamma, lognormal, Pareto, and Weibull; impact of policy adjustments on loss frequency and severity; estimation; compound Poisson models; aggregate claims models: properties, recursion, simulation, and pricing; deterministic reserving methods: chain ladder and Bornhuetter Ferguson; introduction to reinsurance. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only. Coreq: STAT 330. Antireq: ACTSC 431 (taken in or before spring 2020).', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'ACTSC', '003301', 'UG', 'Property and Casualty Insurance: Pricing', 'Introduction to ratemaking; rating factors; insurance pricing using generalized linear models; experience rating; credibility theory: Bayesian, Buhlmann, and Buhlmann-Straub; empirical Bayes parameter estimation. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, STAT 330, (one of STAT 331, 371, 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ACTSC', '003302', 'UG', 'Longevity and Mortality Using Predictive Analytics', 'Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen estimators for survival functions. Kernel density models. Validation of mortality tables. Estimators for Markov multiple state transition intensities. Longevity models, including deterministic and stochastic models such as Lee-Carter and Cairns-Blake-Dowd. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331, STAT 330; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ACTSC', '003305', 'UG', 'Mathematics of Financial Markets', 'This course covers mathematical techniques for no-arbitrage pricing and hedging financial derivatives. Topics to be covered can be classified into three broad areas: derivatives markets (options; forwards and futures; other derivatives; put-call parity), discrete-time financial models (binomial models; general multi-period models; Fundamental Theorems of Asset Pricing; risk-neutral probability), and continuous-time financial models (basic stochastic calculus and Itô''s lemma; Black-Scholes model; interest rate models and bond pricing). [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391 or (ACTSC 231, 371) or ACTSC 372 or BUS 393W), (STAT 333 or 334); ACTSC, Math/FARM, Math Fin, STAT students only. Antireq: AFM 322, BUS 423W, ECON 372, MATBUS 470', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ACTSC', '003308', 'UG', 'Basic Pension Mathematics', 'Theory and practice of pension plan funding. Assumptions, basic actuarial functions, and population theory applied to private pensions. Concepts of normal costs, supplemental liability, unfunded liability arising from individual accrued benefit, and projected benefit cost methods.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AMATH', '003316', 'UG', 'Calculus 4', 'Vector integral calculus-line integrals, surface integrals and vector fields, Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem, and Stokes'' theorem. Applications include conservation laws, fluid flow and electromagnetic fields. An introduction to Fourier analysis. Fourier series and the Fourier transform. Parseval''s formula. Frequency analysis of signals. Discrete and continuous spectra. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 217, 227', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'AMATH', '003317', 'UG', 'Introduction to Differential Equations', 'Physical systems which lead to differential equations (examples include mechanical vibrations, population dynamics, and mixing processes). Dimensional analysis and dimensionless variables. Solving linear differential equations: first- and second-order scalar equations and first-order vector equations. Laplace transform methods of solving differential equations. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112) and (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148). Antireq: AMATH 251, 350, MATH 218, 228', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'PHYS', '003320', 'UG', 'Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity', 'Newtonian dynamics of particles and systems of particles. Oscillations. Gravity and the central force problem. Lorentz transformations and relativistic dynamics. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Antireq: AMATH 261, 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'AMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'AMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'PMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PMATH', '003325', 'UG', 'Differential Geometry', 'Submanifolds of Euclidean n-space; vector fields and differential forms; integration on submanifolds and Stokes''s Theorem; metrics and geodesics; Gauss-Bonnet Theorem.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (MATH 237 or 247)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'AMATH', '003328', 'UG', 'Discrete Models in Applied Mathematics', 'Difference equations and discrete dynamical systems. Mathematical models are taken from ecology, biology, economics, and other fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'AMATH', '003329', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations 2', 'Second order linear differential equations with non-constant coefficients, Sturm comparison, oscillation and separation theorems, series solutions and special functions. Linear vector differential equations in Rn, an introduction to dynamical systems. Laplace transforms applied to linear vector differential equations, transfer functions, the convolution theorem. Perturbation methods for differential equations. Numerical methods for differential equations. Applications are discussed throughout. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 250 or 251 and MATH 237 or 247; Level at least 3A. Antireq: AMATH 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'AMATH', '003330', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 1', 'Second order linear partial differential equations - the diffusion equation, wave equation, and Laplace''s equation. Methods of solution - separation of variables and eigenfunction expansions, the Fourier transform. Physical interpretation of solutions in terms of diffusion, waves and steady states. First order non-linear partial differential equations and the method of characteristics. Applications are emphasized throughout. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (one of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228). Antireq: AMATH 350, PHYS 364', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'AMATH', '003331', 'UG', 'Continuum Mechanics', 'Stress and strain tensors; analysis of stress and strain. Lagrangian and Eulerian methods for describing flow. Equations of continuity, motion and energy, constitutive equations. Navier-Stokes equation. Basic equations of elasticity. Various applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263). Coreq: AMATH 351 and (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('373', 'AMATH', '003338', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 1', 'Critical experiments and old quantum theory. Basic concepts of quantum mechanics: observables, wavefunctions, Hamiltonians, and the Schroedinger equation. Uncertainty, correspondence, and superposition principles. Simple applications to finite and extended one-dimensional systems, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor, and hydrogen atom. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263) and PHYS 234. Antireq: PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PMATH', '003348', 'UG', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory Extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, Lp-spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450 with a grade of at least 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PMATH', '003349', 'UG', 'Functional Analysis', 'Banach and Hilbert spaces, bounded linear maps, Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping theorem, closed graph theorem, topologies, nets, Hausdorff spaces, Tietze extension theorem, dual spaces, weak topologies, Tychonoff''s theorem, Banach-Alaoglu theorem, reflexive spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PMATH', '003350', 'UG', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Prereq: PMATH 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'CS', '003352', 'UG', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modeling', 'The interaction of financial models, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for the Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Students who receive a good grade in CS 335 may contact the instructor of CS 476 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 242/CS 371 or CS 370) and STAT 231/241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AMATH', '003354', 'UG', 'Introduction to Dynamical Systems', 'A unified view of linear and nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations in Rn. Flow operators and their classification: contractions, expansions, hyperbolic flows. Stable and unstable manifolds. Phase-space analysis. Nonlinear systems, stability of equilibria and Lyapunov functions. The special case of flows in the plane, Poincare-Bendixson theorem and limit cycles. Applications to physical problems will be a motivating influence. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'AMATH', '003355', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 2', 'A thorough discussion of the class of second order linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients, in two independent variables. Laplace''s equation, the wave equation and the heat equation in higher dimensions. Theoretical/qualitative aspects: well-posed problems, maximum principles for elliptic and parabolic equations, continuous dependence results, uniqueness results (including consideration of unbounded domains), domain of dependence for hyperbolic equations. Solution procedures: elliptic equations -- Green functions, conformal mapping; hyperbolic equations -- generalized d''Alembert solution, spherical means, method of descent; transform methods -- Fourier, multiple Fourier, Laplace, Hankel (for all three types of partial differential equations); Duhamel''s method for inhomogeneous hyperbolic and parabolic equations. [Note: Offered in the fall of odd years.]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351 and 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'AMATH', '003356', 'UG', 'Control Theory', 'Feedback control with applications. System theory in both time and frequency domain, state-space computations, stability, system uncertainty, loopshaping, linear quadratic regulators, and estimation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH/PMATH 332 or PMATH 352) and AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'AMATH', '003357', 'UG', 'Calculus of Variations', 'Concept of functional and its variations. The solution of problems using variational methods - the Euler-Lagrange equations. Applications include an introduction to Hamilton''s principle and optimal control. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247 and (One of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228); Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'AMATH', '003359', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Incompressible, irrotational flow. Incompressible viscous flow. Introduction to wave motion and geophysical fluid mechanics. Elements of compressible flow. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364) and AMATH 361.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'AMATH', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PHYS', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'AMATH', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 231 or MATH 227) and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263); Level at least 4A Honours Mathematics or Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'PHYS', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; AMATH 231 or MATH 227; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'AMATH', '003382', 'UG', 'Reading Course', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Not open to General Mathematics students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ANTH', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CLAS', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ANTH', '003399', 'UG', 'Social and Cultural Anthropology', 'This course introduces students to the history and key concepts of social and cultural anthropology through the examination of classic works as well as contemporary ethnographic texts and films. Topics include anthropological approaches to understanding cultural identity and difference, social structure, kinship, politics, and exchange.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'ANTH', '003401', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of North America', 'This course examines past Indigenous lifeways in North America north of Mexico from the time of earliest settlement to contact with Europeans. It provides a broad survey of space-time systematics as well as conceptual, methodological, and ethical issues relevant to study of the North American archaeological record. [Note: Formerly ANTH 203]', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221. Antireq: ANTH 203', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'ANTH', '003422', 'UG', 'Inuit Cultures', 'An examination of Inuit and Eskimo cultures of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland from their prehistoric origins to the present. Administrative systems imposed upon the Inuit and Eskimo will be analyzed and compared, as will the contemporary problems these communities face.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('290', 'ANTH', '003432', 'UG', 'Visual Anthropology', 'This course examines relations between culture and vision, the history of photography in anthropological research, and ethnographic film and its ethical implications. Topics include the roles of museums and representation, indigenous media, advocacy, and activism.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ANTH', '003433', 'UG', 'Practicing Anthropology', 'Thinking anthropologically means bringing observations and empirical findings into a dialogue with theoretical approaches. This course explores how anthropologists have developed the methods they use, considers how they interpret their findings through such lenses as functionalism and structuralism, and examines how they formulate critiques of fieldwork.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ANTH', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'RS', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'ANTH', '003445', 'UG', 'Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology', 'Detailed consideration of prehistoric cultural developments from earliest toolmaking to the transition to agriculture. An examination of the human mode of adaptation and the increasing complexity of cultural systems among prehistoric hunters and gatherers. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ANTH', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'CLAS', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ANTH', '003448', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of the Great Lakes Area', 'An in-depth study of the archaeological evidence for prehistoric cultures in the Great Lakes area from their arrival ca. 11,000 years ago to the coming of Europeans. Cultural ecology and cultural evolution will be stressed.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ANTH', '003452', 'UG', 'Environmental Anthropology', 'This course examines the relationships between environments and human societies, focusing on the nature/culture divide and social and economic organization. Topics may include politics and practice, the influence of globalization, and regional perspectives.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ANTH', '003460', 'UG', 'Directed Research in Anthropology', 'This course provides selected students with an opportunity to work (up to a maximum of eight hours per week over one term) as apprentices with a specific instructor on a research project in which the instructor is currently engaged. [Note: This is a non-paid position and may not be combined with sponsored research positions. Previous or external research experiences will not meet the criteria for this course. This course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'ANTH', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'GSJ', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ANTH', '003466', 'UG', 'Human Evolution', 'This course reviews the evolutionary history of humans. It includes an examination of the hominin fossil record, evidence from genetic analyses, and behavioural inferences that have been drawn from nonhuman primate models. Emphasis is placed on the process of knowledge production and interpretation, and the representation of human evolution in the public realm.', 'Prereq: ANTH 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ANTH', '003473', 'UG', 'Reading in Anthropology', 'Student-initiated independent research on a selected topic. A high standard of written work is required. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ANTH', '003475', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Anthropology', 'Analysis of a special topic in anthropology, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times. Formerly ANTH 400.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'ANTH', '003489', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'ANTH', '003490', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'ARCH', '003492', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 1', 'Introduction to the use of graphic media in architecture. Students will engage in exercises in drawing using various media, acquire digital skills, and develop fluency in diverse forms of architectural presentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('113', 'ARCH', '003494', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 2', 'Introduction to computing techniques in architecture. Students will be instructed in the conceptual foundations for computer use in architecture, graphic applications for the computer and skills for two-dimensional drawing, three-dimensional modelling and graphic techniques for visualization and portfolio development. Students will gain fluency in a range of software applications for the purposes of developing technical and visual proficiencies to be integrated into the design process. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('142', 'ARCH', '003496', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cultural History', 'This course will introduce cultural history and the ethical dimension of the role architects play. Localizing the realities of modernity as an enduring cultural force and a global economy on one hand, with global threats to the future of humankind on the other. This course will explore the commonality of human experience, the interdependence of humans, and the natural environment. By considering narratives, artefacts, and buildings, this course will present how architecture and other cultural creations intersect with issues of race, gender, and identity, within a range of spiritual, social, political, and environmental contexts. Through orientation, disorientation, and reorientation, this course introduces human constructs and environmental conditions from a variety of perspectives such as location, foundation, habituation, accommodation, exile, and displacement. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('143', 'ARCH', '003497', 'UG', 'Settlements, Sanctuaries, and Cities', 'This course introduces buildings, cultural practices, and worldviews of nomadic and sedentary societies across a broad range of geographies and periods. Beginning with the earliest shrines and cities that appear in the Middle East, the Far East, and India, and exploring settlements in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas up to the year 1000CE. This course examines the origins of sacred and civic architectures in the landscapes and environments in which they emerge, moving across continents to recognize patterns of life, concepts of order and conduct, symbols, rituals, and myths embodied in our building practices and settlement patterns. Analysis in this course foregrounds the relationships to the lands that inform cultures, the formation and movement of societies, their temporary and permanent constructions, looking at the ecological and social bearings of cities as spaces of power, sanctuary, and exchange. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 142', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'ARCH', '003498', 'UG', 'Principles of Structures', 'Fundamental concepts of mechanics and structures, as related to architectural design, study of loading conditions, forces, moments, systems of forces, conditions of equilibrium for two- and three-dimensional structures, centre of gravity of loads and areas, bar forces in trusses, simple frame analysis, moment of inertia. Concepts of simple stress and strain; shear and bending moments in simple beams; shear and moment diagrams, qualitative deflected shapes, flexural and shearing stresses, deflection calculations; compression members; Euler''s formula. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 163', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('172', 'ARCH', '003500', 'UG', 'Building Construction 1', 'A focus on the construction of small-scale buildings will introduce the fundamentals of building construction demonstrating relationships between contemporary design and material selections. Design development practices will reference; regulatory frameworks, building science, soils, foundations, light wood construction, engineered wood, masonry (brick, concrete block, load bearing, veneer systems), shallow foundations, residential codes, barrier free design. [Note: Field trip fee: $20. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('174', 'ARCH', '003501', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192', 'ARCH', '003502', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of the means to appreciate the art and science of building; introduction to the study of theories of architecture; development of skills in graphic communication; introduction to a study of building elements; promotion of the application of theory in the practice of design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Field trip cost $300-$450. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('193', 'ARCH', '003503', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Further development of basic skills, and the application of theory and design in small scale architectural design projects. Introduction to issues of inhabitation, program, and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ARCH', '003512', 'UG', 'Architecture of the Urban Environment', 'An introduction to the structure and form of urban environments as understood through the urban architecture. The forces that determine the creation and development of urban places will be examined. Topics include the plan as a generative form, urban building types, urban morphology, and the shape of the public realm, infrastructure as both system and architectural object, nature and the park, and real estate and development controls. Of special interest will be analyses of the suburb, and urban master plans. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Architecture students or Honours Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'ARCH', '003515', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 600-1600', 'This course presents encounters across peoples, worldviews, belief systems, and empires, following the movement of ideas, practices, and objects to consider significant cultural transformations resulting from conflictual or peaceful interactions. From Indigenous civilizations and imperial dynasties, to sites of economic, political, and religious encounters such as the Silk Road or the Crusades. This course thematically presents creative works across all continents and includes proto-capitalist and proto-colonial phenomena. Representational, material, and spatial practices studied range from visual and oral discourses, drawing, mapping, printing, land markings, places of burials, worship, and teachings, as well as the organization of cities, landscapes, and territories, all studied as windows into ways of knowing, patterns of life and relationships to the land. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 143', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('173', 'ARCH', '003520', 'UG', 'Building Construction 2', 'Focusing on the construction of medium-to large-scale buildings examines relationships between design development, and the building science, and construction practices of structural systems and enclosures. Case studies and projects will be used to investigate steel framing systems (traditional, long span, architectural exposed structural steel [AESS]); reinforced, precast, fibre reinforced and prestressed concrete construction; heavy timber construction (traditional, glulam, cross laminated timber [CLT]); deep foundations; building envelopes (curtain wall, window walls, glazing, insulation strategies, and roofing systems); fire protective design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 172', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'ARCH', '003521', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('276', 'ARCH', '003529', 'UG', 'Timber: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural timber systems. Topics such as flexural, compression and truss members, connections, and plywood construction are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of ARCH 260, ARCH 262, CIVE 204 or 205', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'ARCH', '003530', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('285', 'ARCH', '003531', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ARCH', '003532', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The exploration of design as a thinking process through the medium of small scale design projects. The development and analysis of architectural propositions concerning personal space within the context of a larger community. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required two-day field trip, cost range $150-$200. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 193', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'ARCH', '003533', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Design involving problems of human perception and dimension in more complex environments, and dealing with issues of public and private space. Development of skills in analysis and programming, and further exploration of questions of siting and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Estimated field trip cost $400-$500. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 292', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ARCH', '003535', 'UG', 'Architectural Theory 1850-1990', 'Beginning with the introduction of important theories of architecture in vogue prior to 1850, this course examines texts, movements, buildings, projects, and urban proposals of the period in order to understand the structure of contemporary architectural theory.', 'Prereq: ARCH 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('248', 'ARCH', '003536', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 1600-1914', 'This course critically examines the period from the 17th century to the first years of the 20th century, studying revolutions in science, agriculture, and industry, and considering the social, political, and economic changes engendered globally in their wake. Selected works from philosophy, literature, the arts, architecture, landscape, and city design reveal complex social and political upheavals. The increasing influence of technology, and the power struggles around access to and extraction of the globe''s resources. Topics considered include the birth of industrial nations driven by Enlightenment reason, science and the emancipative promise of political liberty, as well as the fall of that early idealism with the realities of capitalism, colonialism, racism, and the destruction of the natural environment. Considering encounters between people, as well as between people and the earth, this course studies both the promises and shadows of the complex global society that emerges in this time. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 246', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ARCH', '003539', 'UG', 'Steel and Concrete: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural steel and concrete systems. Topics such as tension, flexural, and compression members; and connections are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 262 or (ARCH 260 and ARCH 276)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('126', 'ARCH', '003541', 'UG', 'Environmental Building Design', 'An introduction to environmental design practices leading to low carbon design. Topics of discussion include passive heating and cooling, solar geometry, climate and meteorological influences, microclimate, site design, daylighting, active systems, embodied energy, sustainable rating systems, sustainable design philosophies such as cradle to cradle, biomimicry and design for disassembly. Energy-related issues will be addressed and energy-based software design programs will be introduced. Understanding the role of design in an energy efficient or passive solar building will be a central learning outcome. [Note: Field trip fee: $15. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 226', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'ARCH', '003545', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ARCH', '003549', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'ARCH', '003554', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'ARCH', '003555', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ARCH', '003556', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of design skills and theoretical knowledge through their application in projects involving various building types in urban situations. Emphasis is placed upon issues of materiality and technology in architectural design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required four to five day field trip, cost $400-$500. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 293', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'ARCH', '003557', 'UG', 'Option Design Studio', 'This design studio is subdivided into distinct studio sections, each of which provides a specific platform for advanced research and design presented within the context of a topic or set of issues to be explored in relation to a specific design project, program and site. These studios range in both scale and scope, traversing an array of academic investigations, design hypotheses, research agendas, interdisciplinary explorations, and pedagogical intentions. These topics foreground the disciplinary arenas within architecture in the areas of architectural theory, media, technology, urbanism, and landscape. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ARCH', '003559', 'UG', 'Italian Urban History (Rome)', 'The course provides a survey of the history of settlement and urban form on the Italian peninsula from antiquity to the present day. In it the influences upon the structure of public and private space are outlined for each historical period. These include constants such as geography and climate, but more especially the factors that induce and manifest change: politics, warfare, economics, social structure, the arts and theory. [Note: Course fee: $550.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'ARCH', '003561', 'UG', 'Rome and the Campagna (Rome)', 'History of settlement and building in Rome and the surrounding area from antiquity to the present. Acts of design in architecture, urban form and landscape related to political, cultural and spiritual authority of Rome. Comparison drawn between the image of the city, represented in literature and art, and the material facts of the place. Field trips, lecture. [Note: Course fee: Required travel fee applies to this course, please contact the Architecture Student Services Co-ordinator for current fees. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('449', 'ARCH', '003562', 'UG', 'The Development of Modern Italian Architecture (Rome)', 'The course addresses the issues of architecture and urbanism in Rome and Italy from 1750 to the present. It explores the relationship between cultural, political, and artistic phenomena such as Futurism, Novecento, and Rationalism, that anticipate and create modernism in Italy. [Note: Two one-day field trips, estimated cost $60.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ARCH', '003567', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ARCH', '003571', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'ARCH', '003575', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'ARCH', '003577', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'ARCH', '003579', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The studio course is mounted in Rome, Italy, with the school''s own faculty and premises, and offers a unique opportunity to undertake design studies in a truly rich architectural heritage. The main focus is the nature of the institution and its relationship to the city and its culture. Students participating in the Rome term are expected to defray the costs of travel, accommodation, and food. For students unable to study in Rome, an alternative studio is offered in Cambridge. It presents similar design projects and theoretical questions in a North American context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'ARCH', '003581', 'UG', 'Design Studio/Comprehensive Building Design', 'This studio represents a culmination of the pre-professional degree, through the integration and application of skills and knowledge to a complex building project. Students will develop designs to a high level of detail. A concern for technical material, environmental, and legal aspects of architecture will support open speculation and innovative design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'ARTS', '003610', 'UG', 'Quest for Meaning in the Modern World', 'This course invites students on a quest for meaning in the context of a time in which traditional meanings and definitions have been challenged by rapidly-shifting cultural and religious values.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'ARTS', '003628', 'UG', 'Studies in Ideas', 'A course consisting of a series of lectures and tutorials on specific topics dealing with important ideas in the humanities, social sciences, fine and performing arts, and languages and cultures. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'BIOL', '003651', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy', 'This course takes a systems approach to study the structure of the human body and its relationship to function. [Formerly BIOL 301; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'BIOL', '003654', 'UG', 'Introductory Zoology', 'A study of the functional morphology of selected animals with special emphasis on the various grades of organization and development in the different phyla. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'BIOL', '003655', 'UG', 'Introductory Vertebrate Zoology', 'An introduction to the structure, evolution and development of vertebrate organ systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'BIOL', '003657', 'UG', 'Introduction to Plant Structure and Function', 'A brief introduction to plant diversity, and the anatomy and physiology of vascular plants. The course will include a description of major cell and tissue types, and their organization in roots, stems, and leaves. Topics such as the processes of water and ion uptake, photosynthesis, long distance transport, and growth regulation will also be covered. [Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'BIOL', '003665', 'UG', 'Genetics', 'Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal mechanisms in mitosis and meiosis. The origin, inheritance and adaptive significance of chromosomal changes. Nucleic acids as the carriers of genetic information. Natural selection and the evolution of genetic systems. [Formerly BIOL 139. Offered: W,S; online F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'BIOL', '003667', 'UG', 'Introduction to Applied Microbiology', 'Introduction to microbial ecology, environmental microbiology, food microbiology, and medical microbiology. Topics in environmental microbiology include biogeochemical cycling and biological treatment of wastes and pollutants. Topics in medical microbiology include concepts of immunology and host-parasite relationships. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240 and 140/240L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'BIOL', '003668', 'UG', 'Organismal and Evolutionary Ecology', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the basic principles of Scientific Reasoning, Ecology and Evolution. Coverage includes hypothesis testing and the nature of scientific inquiry, basic population genetics, physiological ecology, life histories, dispersal, basic population and community ecology, macroevolution, systematics and classification, as well as functional morphology. [Formerly BIOL 250. Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'BIOL', '003669', 'UG', 'Principles of Human Physiology 1', 'The physiology of major organ systems of the human body. Topics include neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system, muscle, the cardiovascular system, the components of blood, respiratory system, and immune system. The combination of BIOL 273 and BIOL 373 covers all of the major topics of human physiology. [Note: BIOL 373L may be required for entrance to certain professional/graduate programs. Offered: F, W and online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'BIOL', '003673', 'UG', 'Functional Histology', 'A hierarchical approach to biological structure with an emphasis on functional morphology. Starting with the cell, the fundamental unit of structure and function, the material progressively develops how cells organize to form tissues such as epithelium, connective tissue and muscle. Emphasis on how these tissue building blocks cooperate to form the major organs and organ systems of the human body. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'BIOL', '003674', 'UG', 'Introductory Developmental Biology and Embryology', 'Fundamental processes and concepts in embryonic development including the acquisition of multicellularity, organization of the early embryo, morphogenesis of tissues, major organ systems, fetal membranes, growth, differentiation, and analysis of common developmental defects. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 139/239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'BIOL', '003675', 'UG', 'Invertebrate Zoology', 'The diversity of invertebrate animals will be explored in this class. Topics covered will include reproduction, development, life history, feeding, locomotion, and behaviour. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'BIOL', '003680', 'UG', 'Plant Physiology', 'A study of plant physiological processes with an emphasis on the role of key metabolic pathways in plant growth and development. Topics such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, growth regulators, mineral nutrition, water relations, and stress physiology will be covered. [Offered in Fall of odd years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'BIOL', '003685', 'UG', 'Advanced Cell Biology', 'The functional organization of cells with particular reference to cell-cell interaction, the structure, function and development of organelles and the biological roles of cellular membranes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308 or 309; CHEM 233 or 237; (BIOL 308 or BIOL 309) and co-req CHEM 233 or CHEM 237 for Science and Business/Biotechnology Specialization or Honours Biotechnology/Economics or CS Honours Bioinformatics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'BIOL', '003691', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 1', 'Molecular biotechnology applies the principles of recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering, gene cloning) to the development of commercial products. The methods of recombinant DNA technology, molecular diagnostic systems for detecting diseases and transgenic organisms will be discussed. [Note: Recommended prerequisite BIOL 241. It is recommended that BIOL 342 be taken after completion of second year. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, BIOL 208/309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'BIOL', '003694', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology 1', 'An introduction to the basic theories, principles and techniques of environmental toxicology. A comparative study of the effects of specific groups of toxicants on ecosystems; biodegradation and cycling. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 102, CHEM 120, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'BIOL', '003696', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Environmental Aspects', 'A comparative study of salt and water balance, circulation, respiratory systems, nitrogenous excretion, and mechanisms of energy acquisition and metabolism in animals. Adaptations to different environments will be emphasized. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'BIOL', '003697', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Evolutionary Themes', 'A comparative study of neural, sensory, endocrine, digestive, and reproductive strategies across animal taxa. The emphasis will be on evolutionary themes at the organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477L', 'BIOL', '003698', 'UG', 'Techniques in Animal Physiology', 'Laboratory exercises and computer-based data collection to study the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, digestive, and excretory systems of vertebrates and invertebrate animals. Students will learn animal handling techniques, data collection with state of the art physiological equipment, and data analysis using computer software. Tutorials will allow students to investigate and discuss current animal physiology research topics in greater detail. [Formerly BIOL 374L. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: BIOL 370, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'BIOL', '003701', 'UG', 'Advanced Topics in Developmental Biology', 'This course explores the cellular and molecular basis of developmental phenomena in animals. Lectures will emphasize the experimental basis for both historical and contemporary knowledge with a focus on the major developmental systems in model organisms. Course content will concentrate on themes that permeate current published research. [Note: BIOL 208/309 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'BIOL', '003713', 'UG', 'Phycology', 'Algae and applied uses of algae. Topics include examination of algal groups from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Uses of algae in industry and food as well as negative impacts of various algal groups. [Notes: Offered in odd numbered years. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'BIOL', '003716', 'UG', 'Plant Molecular Genetics', 'An examination of the current molecular techniques used to study plant development physiology. Topics include mutant isolation, transcript and metabolite profiling, gene silencing and protein localization. [Note: BIOL 120 is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'BIOL', '003718', 'UG', 'Bacterial Molecular Genetics', 'Bacterial molecular biology with an emphasis on the use of genetic tools to study the biology of microorganisms. Topics include mutagenesis, conjugation, recombination, gene regulation, plasmids, transposons, bacteriophage and genomics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'BIOL', '003720', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 2', 'How recombinant DNA technology is used to produce vaccines, pharmaceuticals, crop plants, and other commercial products will be discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'BIOL', '003721', 'UG', 'Plant Biotechnology', 'Biotechnological approaches and their applications in plant genetic manipulation, transformation and cell culture for plant improvement, propagation, and biochemical production. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130, 239; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'BIOL', '003722', 'UG', 'Human Molecular Genetics', 'Recent advances in human molecular genetics will be examined with emphasis on how human disease-causing genes are mapped, identified, isolated and characterized. Examples will draw from research on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington disease, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer disease, cancer, vision defects and other disorders. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'BIOL', '003724', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology Techniques', 'Selected experiments to provide students with a range of laboratory skills in recombinant DNA technology. [Note: Students in the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Specialization are encouraged to take this course unless they have previous laboratory experience involving molecular biology techniques. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 240L. Coreq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'BIOL', '003727', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology of Animal Development', 'An examination of the current major issues in the regulation of gene expression during animal development with emphasis on technical and conceptual advances. Current research literature will be reviewed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'BIOL', '003728', 'UG', 'Environmental and Natural Products Biochemistry', 'This course deals with the functions, distribution and environmental ramifications of natural compounds produced by plants and other biological systems. Natural products are those compounds usually described as secondary metabolites, i.e. those apparently non-essential products whose physiological and ecological functions are either obscure or are of peripheral importance to the organism. However, many of these non-essential products have profound competitive, economic and pharmacological significance; and as research proceeds, their physiological roles within the parent organisms are becoming clearer. As well, this course has a strong emphasis on how environmental chemical and physical processes impact on living organisms and their biochemistry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233 or 237; CHEM 264 or 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'BIOL', '003730', 'UG', 'Advances in Immunology', 'A survey of the recent advances in the vertebrate immune response; the cells and tissues of the lymphoid system; humoral and cell-mediated immunity; initiation and regulation of the immune response; the immune system and disease, emerging techniques used in immunology. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'BIOL', '003731', 'UG', 'Virology', 'A survey of viral structures, life cycles, and the interactions of viruses with their hosts. The laboratory component will include procedures used for viral detection and titration, as well as individual library research projects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241,308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('443', 'BIOL', '003732', 'UG', 'Fermentation Biotechnology', 'Biology of industrial micro-organisms: fermentation systems; fermentation raw materials; downstream processing; biomass production; food fermentations; production of industrial chemicals, food additives, enzymes and other products by fermentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'BIOL', '003733', 'UG', 'Bacterial Pathogenesis', 'A study of the bacteria involved in pathogenesis, their mode of infection, symptoms and prevention of diseases. The laboratory will focus on identification of bacterial isolates. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'BIOL', '003734', 'UG', 'Microorganisms in Foods', 'Food preservation, spoilage, poisoning and modern concepts in quality assurance programs are studied. The aim is to understand factors governing microbial changes in foods. Problem solving in the food industry is emphasized. Laboratory work will reflect current practices in quality control and testing. [Note: Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'BIOL', '003735', 'UG', 'Microbial Ecology and Diversity', 'Examples from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and plant- and animal-associated environments, will be used to illustrate the activities and diversity of microorganisms in these habitats. The importance of the ecological roles of microbes to aspects of agriculture, geochemistry, human biology, and the biology of extreme environments will be considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'BIOL', '003736', 'UG', 'Environmental Microbiology', 'A study of the environmental impact of microorganisms. Aspects of pollution, waste treatment, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, and nutrient cycling will be examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('448', 'BIOL', '003737', 'UG', 'Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry', 'A study of the physiology of microorganisms. Provides biochemical- and molecular-level detail on the diverse structures and metabolic functions of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal cells. Aspects of microbial growth, nutrition, and metabolism are examined in the context of how microorganisms develop diverse solutions for meeting essential requirements for life. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'BIOL', '003739', 'UG', 'Marine Biology', 'Ecological processes and evolutionary adaptation are explored in the world''s largest and most diverse ecosystems. The major ocean habitats will be characterized, stressing their importance as resources, moderators of climate and reservoirs of biodiversity. [Notes: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'BIOL', '003740', 'UG', 'Aquatic Ecology', 'Study of the structure and function of lake and stream ecosystems. The course emphasizes biological components and processes, but includes the origin and nature of lake and stream systems and the fundamentals of surface water chemistry and physics. Human influences, management options and current issues will be examined with readings and project work. [Note: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150; One of BIOL 110, 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'BIOL', '003741', 'UG', 'Quantitative Fisheries Biology', 'The practices of fisheries science including the effects of industrial fisheries on fish stocks; methods of capture, obtaining, using, and interpretation of vital statistics of fish stocks; population estimation; stock-recruitment; growth; mortality; and fecundity. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical information for making ecological inferences about the status of fish populations. [Note: Familiarity with linear regression is essential. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'BIOL', '003744', 'UG', 'Ecological Risk Assessment and Management', 'Examination of the use of scientific information characterizing the risks posed to the environment by anthropogenic stresses. Discussions will take place in the context of aquatic ecology and presume a background of standard aquatic toxicology methods. Methods for assessing risks, including environmental impact assessment, risk quotients, national, and international risk assessment paradigms, and cumulative effects assessment will be examined. Critical connections between assessment and management will also be discussed. [Offered: F of even years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 354, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'BIOL', '003745', 'UG', 'Population Biology', 'The analysis of the structure and dynamics of plant and animal populations. Theoretical, mathematical and experimental approaches to the study of population ecology. [Note: Students are advised that this course involves computer and numerical applications. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'BIOL', '003746', 'UG', 'Analysis of Communities', 'A study of the organization, structure and development of communities with emphasis on vegetation change. Topics include: diversity, stability; succession; sampling procedures and multivariate analysis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'BIOL', '003748', 'UG', 'Evolution 1: Mechanisms', 'A study of the processes of evolution; the differentiation of populations and the origin of new forms of life. [Offered: F, W; online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 139/239 or Level at least 3A Environment and Resource students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'BIOL', '003750', 'UG', 'Methods of Aquatic Ecology', 'An introduction to methods used to sample and characterize the ecological structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, including basic aspects of the abiotic environment. Field trips to lake and stream sites are combined with laboratory analysis of samples and data. While the main emphasis is on the techniques, the exercises also provide direct experience with some of the natural and anthropogenic variation observable in aquatic systems. [Note: Formerly BIOL 460L. Field Trip fee of $60 is required toward the cost of transportation.Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350 or 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'BIOL', '003751', 'UG', 'Advanced Biostatistics', 'Advanced aspects of statistics and experimental design for biologists. Topics will include analysis of variance (factorial, hierarchical and blocking designs; fixed- and random-effects models); a-priori and a-posteriori comparisons; multivariate analysis of variance; analysis of covariance; multiple linear regression; multivariate statistics (indirect and direct gradient analysis). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 361; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Antireq: (for Arts and Environmental Studies students) PSYCH 202, 391, STAT 322, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'BIOL', '003756', 'UG', 'Mammalian Reproduction', 'This course will provide an in-depth coverage of reproductive biology in a range of mammalian species. Emphasis will be on the principles underlying the regulation of key reproductive processes, from the whole animal to the molecular level. Topics will include applications of these principles to human and veterinary medicine, and ethical problems posed by some reproductive technologies. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'BIOL', '003762', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 1', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-$4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'BIOL', '003763', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 2', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490C', 'BIOL', '003765', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 3', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 491A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490D', 'BIOL', '003766', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 4', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario universities program in field biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 490D/491B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498A', 'BIOL', '003770', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 1', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400 - $2500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498B', 'BIOL', '003771', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 2', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400- $2500 A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'BIOL', '003772', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'BIOL', '003773', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'CO', '003887', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Non-Specialist Level)', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms: simplex, cutting plane, and branch & bound; linear programming duality. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146. Antireq: CO 250, 255, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'CO', '003890', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models (Non-Specialist Level)', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 227, 250, 255, 352. Antireq: CO 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CO', '003891', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal power series. The combinatorics of the ordinary and exponential generating series. Lagrange''s implicit function theorem, applications to the enumeration of permutations, functions, trees and graphs. Integer partitions, geometric methods, enumerating linear transformations. Introduction to the pattern algebra, applications to the enumeration of strings. Lattice paths, Wiener-Hopf factorization. Enumeration under symmetries. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CO', '003892', 'UG', 'Coding Theory', 'A first course in error-correcting codes. Linear block codes, Hamming-Golay codes, and multiple error-correcting BCH codes are studied. Various encoding and decoding schemes are considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 225 or 235 or 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'CO', '003893', 'UG', 'Introduction to Graph Theory', 'An introduction to some of the key topics in graph theory: connectivity, planarity, and matchings. Connectivity: Menger''s theorem, 3-connected graphs. Planarity: Kuratowski''s theorem, uniqueness of planar embeddings. Matchings: Review of Konig''s theorem, Tutte''s theorem. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'CO', '003895', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms; aspects of computational complexity; geometry; linear programming duality, focusing on the development of algorithms. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of (MATH 106, MATH 114, MATH 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 136 or MATH 146; cumulative overall average of at least 60%. Antireq: CO 227, 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'CO', '003896', 'UG', 'Network Flow Theory', 'Review of linear programming. Shortest path problems. The max-flow min-cut theorem and applications. Minimum cost flow problems. Network simplex and primal-dual algorithms. Applications to problems of transportation, distribution, job assignments, and critical-path planning. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 250 or 255 or 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'CO', '003897', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Advanced Level)', 'Linear optimization: feasibility theorems, duality, the simplex algorithm. Discrete optimization: integer linear programming, cutting planes, network flows. Continuous optimization: local and global optima, feasible directions, convexity, necessary optimality conditions. [Note: CO 255 may be substituted for CO 250 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245, 237 or 247. Antireq: CO 227, 250, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'CO', '003898', 'UG', 'Nonlinear Optimization', 'A course on the fundamentals of nonlinear optimization, including both the mathematical and the computational aspects. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for unconstrained and constrained problems. Convexity and its applications. Computational techniques and their analysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (One of CO 250, 255, 352) and MATH 128 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CO', '003899', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CO 250 or 255 or 352. Antireq: CO 327', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'CO', '003901', 'UG', 'Mathematical Discovery and Invention', 'A course in problem solving. 100 problems are studied. Problems are taken mainly from the elementary parts of algebra, geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and probability. [Note: Offered in the spring term of even years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, MATH 106 or 136 or 146, MATH 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CO', '003902', 'UG', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The transfer matrix method. Sieve methods, inclusion/exclusion, Mobius inversion. Polya enumeration, Enumeration of trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', 'Prereq: CO 330; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'CO', '003903', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs, and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', 'Prereq: PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'CO', '003906', 'UG', 'Topics in Combinatorics', 'An undergraduate seminar in combinatorics. The primary objective is to study current work in specific areas of combinatorics. Course content may vary from term to term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CO', '003907', 'UG', 'Topics in Graph Theory', 'An in-depth study of one or two topics in graph theory. Course content may vary from term to term. Topics may include planar graphs, extremal graph theory, directed graphs, enumeration, algebraic graph theory, probabilistic graph theory, connectivity, graph embedding, colouring problems.', 'Prereq: CO 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CO', '003908', 'UG', 'Graph Theory', 'Connectivity (Menger''s theorem, ear decomposition, and Tutte''s wheels theorem) and matchings (Hall''s theorem and Tutte''s theorem). Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Ramsey theory: upper and lower bounds, explicit constructions. External graph theory: Turan''s theorem, the Erdos-Gallai theorem. Probabilistic methods. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 342, MATH 235 or 245; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CO', '003909', 'UG', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'An introduction to the methods of and some interesting current topics in algebraic graph theory. Topics covered will include vertex-transitive graphs, eigenvalue methods, strongly regular graphs and may include graph homomorphisms, Laplacians or knot and link invariants.', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249, PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CO', '003910', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimal solutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CO', '003911', 'UG', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CO', '003913', 'UG', 'Scheduling', 'An overview of practical optimization problems that can be posed as scheduling problems. Characterizations of optimal schedules. Simple and efficient combinatorial algorithms for easy problems. A brief overview of computational complexity, definition of P, NP, NP-complete and NP-hard. Integer programming formulations, the traveling salesman problem, heuristics, dynamic programming, and branch-and-bound approaches. Polynomial-time approximation algorithms. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'CO', '003914', 'UG', 'Introduction to Game Theory', 'A broad introduction to game theory and its applications to the modeling of competition and cooperation in business, economics, and society. Two-person games in strategic form and Nash equilibria. Extensive form games, including multi-stage games. Coalition games and the core. Bayesian games, mechanism design, and auctions.', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CO', '003917', 'UG', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point, and active set strategies.', 'Prereq: (CO 367 and one of CO 250, 352) or CO 255; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'CO', '003918', 'UG', 'History of Mathematics', 'An in-depth examination of the origins of mathematics, beginning with examples of Babylonian mathematics. Topics may include Pythagorean triples, solution of equations, estimation of pi, duplication of the cube, trisection of an angle, the Fibonacci sequence, the origins of calculus. [Note: Offered in the spring term of odd years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, 106 or 136 or 146, 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CO', '003920', 'UG', 'Reading in Combinatorics and Optimization', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'ANTH', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and Métis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'INDG', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and Métis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CHE', '003949', 'UG', 'Equilibrium Stage Operations', 'Equilibrium between phases; the equilibrium stage concept. Cascades of stages with and without reflux; group methods and stage-by-stage approaches; graphical solutions. Applications in the separation of components by distillation, absorption, stripping, extraction and leaching. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHE', '003950', 'UG', 'Process Data Analysis', 'Introduction to statistical methods for analyzing and interpreting process data. Introduction to statistical ideas, probability theory, distribution theory, sampling theory, confidence intervals and significance tests. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CHE', '003951', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 1', 'Thermodynamics: work and heat as forms of energy. First law, internal energy and enthalpy. Heats of chemical and physical changes. Cycles and the second law, entropy. Spontaneity and equilibrium, free energies. Systems of variable composition, chemical equilibrium. Phase equilibrium and the phase rule. Ideal solutions, colligative properties. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'CHE', '003952', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Fundamentals of fluid flow. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and mechanical energy. Flow of fluids in conduits. Flow past immersed bodies. Flow through beds of solids, fluidization. Transportation and metering of fluids. Dimensional analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'CHE', '003953', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 2', 'Thermodynamics: ideal solutions; non-ideal solutions, non-electrolytic and electrolytic solutions, phase equilibrium and phase diagrams, reaction equilibrium. Surface phenomena: surface tension, capillarity, properties of small particles, adsorption. Chemical kinetics: rate laws, reaction rates, mechanisms, catalysis, heterogeneous reactions. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CHE', '003956', 'UG', 'Bioprocess Engineering', 'Review of elementary aspects of microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetic engineering. Introduction of biological systems for the production of commercial goods and services, e.g., foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fuels, diagnostics, waste treatment, and biomaterials. Introduction to design of bioprocess systems, including biosafety and sustainability. Development of reaction kinetics associated with biological systems. Quantification of metabolism. Development of material balances for key constituents in bioreactors operated in different modes, e.g., batch, fed-batch, continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), perfusion, recycle. Introduction to mass and heat transfer considerations for bioreactors. Dynamic simulation of cultures defined by ordinary differential equations. Introduction of downstream processes associated with biological systems and recovery of biological products. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CHE', '003957', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics', 'Review of fundamentals, including 2nd law and concepts of equilibrium, phase and reaction equilibria, fugacity, exergy. Thermodynamics applied to practical situations. Examples chosen from: fluid flow; power generation; refrigeration; air conditioning and water cooling; liquefaction of gases; equilibria in complex chemical reactions and separation processes; surface phenomena; electrochemical reactions; biological processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'CHE', '003960', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Engineering', 'Review of stoichiometry and chemical kinetics. Homogeneous reactors: isothermal operation; batch; semi-batch; continuous tank; plug flow reactor design. Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) in series; plug flow reactor with recycle. Multiple reactions in reactor networks. Temperature effects in adiabatic and non-isothermal reactors. Yield, selectivity and optimal operation of reactors. Heterogeneous catalysis and effectiveness factors in two-phase reactors. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CHE', '003962', 'UG', 'Electrochemical Engineering', 'Topics and applications of electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. Industrial process examples. Environmental aspects. Ionic equilibria. Laws of electrolysis. Theory of electrolytes. Transport properties of electrolytes. Reversible cell potentials. Irreversible electrode processes. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of corrosion. Common examples of corrosion. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498', 'CHE', '003966', 'UG', 'Directed Research Project', 'Directed research project under the supervision of faculty members. Participation will give students experience in advanced research techniques, with valuable training for those potentially interested in graduate school or industrial research careers. Taken over and above normal course load. Good standing and permission of department required for registration. [Note: This course graded as CR/NCR. Offered: F, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'CHE', '003969', 'UG', 'Group Design Project and Symposium', 'Completion of the design project cycle started in CHE 482 and communication of the engineering design work. Submission of a written final report. Lecture-style technical presentation by group members. Poster-style technical presentation with group members available to discuss the project. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 482; 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CHE', '003970', 'UG', 'Elective Research Project', 'A major undergraduate research project carried out as a technical elective (TE) under the supervision of a faculty member. An oral presentation of results and a written report are the minimum requirements. Other requirements may be set by the faculty supervisor or department. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 398 or 399 or 498', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CHE', '003971', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 1', 'Introduction to basic methods and principles in chemical engineering. The fundamentals of engineering calculations (units and dimensions), behaviour of fluids, mass balances, processes, and process variables. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CHE', '003972', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 2', 'Development of chemical process analysis skills. Introduction to single- and multi-phase physical equilibria. Material and energy balances in reactive and non-reactive systems. Introduction to investigation and technical communication through laboratory experiments illustrating the physical principles discussed. (In the Winter term only: brief review of co-op fundamentals.) [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CHE', '003973', 'UG', 'Chemistry for Engineers', 'Chemical principles with applications in engineering. Stoichiometric calculations, properties of gases, properties of liquids and solutions, gas phase chemical equilibrium, ionic equilibrium in aqueous solution, oxidation-reduction reactions, chemical kinetics. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('514', 'CHE', '003997', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Petroleum Production', 'Fundamentals of surface chemistry, capillary pressure, and wettability. Petrophysics, measurement, and interpretation of electrical, capillary, and flow properties of reservoir rock. Hydrostatic pressure regimes and estimation of oil and gas reserves. Darcy''s law and modelling of steady-state and transient incompressible and compressible single-phase flow through porous media. Thermodynamics of petroleum fluids. Material balance for oil and gas reservoirs: subsurface withdrawal and primary production mechanisms. Oil well testing. Two-phase flow in oil reservoirs, relative permeability, Buckley-Leverett theory of linear water flooding and sweep efficiency. Introduction to enhanced oil recovery. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('522', 'CHE', '004002', 'UG', 'Advanced Process Dynamics and Control', 'State space methods. Sampled-data systems. Discrete systems. Transform methods. Multivariable control. Computer control. Closed-loop analysis. Design of controllers. Control of complex chemical systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'CHE', '004004', 'UG', 'Process Control Laboratory', 'Experiments on process dynamics, control, and simulation of processes. Time constant; step and frequency response; controller tuning; multivariable control strategies. Implementation using simulation systems, mainframe computer control, microcomputers. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('562', 'CHE', '004016', 'UG', 'Advanced Bioprocess Engineering', 'Application of process engineering principles to the design and operation of fermentation reactors which are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, brewing, and waste treatment industries. Aspects of mass transfer, heat transfer, mixing, and rheology with biochemical and biological constraints. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'CHE', '004018', 'UG', 'Food Process Engineering', 'Applications of unsteady and steady state heat and/or mass transfer operations to processing natural and texturized foods. Design and analysis of sterilization, low temperature preservation, concentration, separation and purification processes. Effects of formulation, additives and processing on organoleptic and nutritional quality. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('572', 'CHE', '004021', 'UG', 'Air Pollution Control', 'Nature and sources of air pollutants. Transport of pollutants and dispersion modeling for regulatory purposes. Design of industrial particulate capture systems using cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, filters, scrubbers. Design of organic compound emissions control using incineration, biofiltration, adsorption and absorption. Overview of NOx and SOx control. Indoor air quality assessment techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'CHE', '004023', 'UG', 'Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control', 'Primary focus is on the control and treatment of inorganic aqueous waste from chemical process industries. Waste minimization methods with specific examples such as rinsewater circuit design. Principles and design of treatment methods: chemical treatment, precipitation, coagulation and flocculation, ion exchange and membrane separation. Treatment of organic aqueous waste. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'CHEM', '004029', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry for Engineering', 'Bonding, structure, and nomenclature in organic chemistry. Physical properties and simple reactions associated with the important functional groups. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of BME 186, CHE 102, NE 121; Engineering students only. Coreq: CHEM 262L (for Chemical Engineering students only). Antireq: CHEM 264, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262L', 'CHEM', '004030', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory for Engineering Students', 'Selected experiments for engineering students taking CHEM 262. [Offered: F,W]', 'Coreq: CHEM 262 (for Engineering students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'CHEM', '004036', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 1', 'The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 120L. Successful completion of Grade 12 U Calculus and Vectors and Grade 12 U Chemistry or equivalent courses is recommended; Offered: F, W]', 'Antireq: CHEM 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120L', 'CHEM', '004037', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F,S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 120. Antireq: CHEM 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'CHEM', '004038', 'UG', 'Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter', 'A first-year Chemistry course for students in Chemistry-based programs. The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: CHEM 120', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'CHEM', '004039', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 121. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 120L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'CHEM', '004040', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 2', 'Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or CHE 102. Antireq: CHEM 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123L', 'CHEM', '004041', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is a continuation of CHEM 120L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Note: Students who are not taking, or who have not previously taken CHEM 123, will be removed from CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120L. Coreq: CHEM 123. Antireq: CHEM 125L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'CHEM', '004044', 'UG', 'Chemical Reactions, Equilibria and Kinetics', 'A first-year chemistry course for students in chemistry-based programs. Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility, and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 123', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125L', 'CHEM', '004045', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments for student taking CHEM 125. This course is a continuation of CHEM 121L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121L. Coreq: CHEM 125. Antireq: CHEM 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'CHEM', '004048', 'UG', 'Structure and Bonding', 'An introduction to the principles of chemical structure and bonding, with emphasis on their application to inorganic systems. Topics include atoms, orbitals, and periodicity; localized bonding models; symmetry and group theory; and molecular orbital theory. The subjects treated in this course are foundational components for advanced studies in all areas of chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHEM', '004052', 'UG', 'Intro Analytical Chemistry', 'Quantitative and analytical chemistry including ionic equilibria, classical and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220L', 'CHEM', '004053', 'UG', 'Quantitative Chemical Analysis Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 220. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Materials and Nanosciences, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (Biochemistry) students only. Coreq: CHEM 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CHEM', '004054', 'UG', 'Multi-Component Analysis', 'Instrumental analytical chemistry, including traditional and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220, 220L. Antireq: CHEM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224L', 'CHEM', '004058', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation Laboratory', 'Extensive lab experience for students who have taken CHEM 220. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220 and CHEM 220L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'CHEM', '004060', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Biochemistry', 'Chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, with special emphasis on representative proteins and enzymes, including hemoglobin, cytochrome c and chymotrypsin. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264 or 262; Honours Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science or Medicinal Chemistry. Antireq: CHEM 237, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CHEM', '004061', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry', 'An introduction to the chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Structure and properties of proteins and enzymes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266. Antireq: CHEM 233, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237L', 'CHEM', '004062', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 237. [Offered: W, S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250L', 'CHEM', '004063', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'This laboratory provides an introduction to physical chemistry experimentation. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics and employ a variety of important techniques, including spectroscopy, conductivity, and calorimetry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 140; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'CHEM', '004064', 'UG', 'Introductory Chemical Thermodynamics', 'An introduction to the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics and the application of these laws to ideal systems, mixtures, and chemical reactions. Thermodynamic principles are used to study changes in state, including phase changes, and to establish the link between the equilibrium constant and the properties of the substances involved in a chemical reaction. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; One of MATH 128, 138, 148; Honours students only. Antireq: PHYS 358, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'CHEM', '004067', 'UG', 'Introductory Quantum Mechanics', 'Historical background; the differential equation approach to quantum mechanics; treatments of solvable problems such as the particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and the hydrogen atom; introduction to approximation methods for more complicated systems. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 240, MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: PHYS 234', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'CHEM', '004068', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure and bonding in organic chemistry. Isomerism and stereoisomerism in organic compounds. Acidity of organic compounds and substituent effects on acidity. Reaction mechanisms and energetics. Chemistry of alkanes, haloalkanes, alcohols and ethers, alkenes and alkynes. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 262, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CHEM', '004069', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 2', 'Nucleophilic addition and substitution at CO carbon. Aromaticity and simple MO theory of conjugated systems. Electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Applications of spectroscopic techniques in organic chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265L', 'CHEM', '004070', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 265. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or CHEM 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (BIOCHEM) students only. Coreq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266', 'CHEM', '004071', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure, nomenclature, and reactions of important classes of organic compounds. Stereochemistry and its role in reaction mechanisms. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125. Antireq: CHEM 262, 264, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266L', 'CHEM', '004072', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking (or who have taken) CHEM 266. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L. Coreq: CHEM 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267', 'CHEM', '004073', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 2', 'A continuation of the concepts of CHEM 266, including material on amines, aromatics, enols and enolates, and nucleophilic addition and substitution at the carbonyl group. Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266, NE 122/222. Antireq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267L', 'CHEM', '004074', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 267. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 266L. Coreq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'CHEM', '004078', 'UG', 'Transition Element Compounds and Inorganic Materials', 'The inorganic, organic, and solid state chemistry of the d-block elements. The structure and physical properties of co-ordination compounds and transition metal containing solids. The role of transition metal organometallics in catalysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310L', 'CHEM', '004079', 'UG', 'Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Synthesis of transition and non-transition metal compounds. Characterization of compounds using IR, UV-VIS, and NMR spectroscopy. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L, CHEM 212; Honours Chemistry, Chemical Physics, or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'CHEM', '004083', 'UG', 'Main Group and Solid State Chemistry', 'This course provides a detailed examination of the structure and bonding in main group and solid state compounds, including valence bond and molecular orbital theory for describing electronic structures, Hueckel and extended Hueckel approximations. Structures of simple solids, including close packing of spheres and derived ionic lattice types; aspects of chemical crystallography, Bravais lattices, point groups, space groups, crystal planes, and X-ray diffraction; Ionic interactions in gases and solution; the thermodynamics of acid-base interactions; descriptive chemistry and characterization of main group element compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'CHEM', '004089', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation', 'Detailed study of selected instruments and instrumental methods. Introduction to chemometrics and to computer interfacing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 221 or 223; CHEM 224L; Level at least 3A Honours Science programs', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'CHEM', '004091', 'UG', 'Metabolism 1', 'Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHEM 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'CHEM', '004092', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students having completed or concurrently taking CHEM 331. Topics to be covered include: NMR, allostery, enzymology, electrophoresis, carbohydrates, lipids, photosynthesis, and respiration. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233L. Coreq: CHEM 331 or 333; CHEM 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'CHEM', '004093', 'UG', 'Chemical Kinetics', 'Basic chemical kinetics; treatment of kinetic data; complex reaction mechanisms; fast reactions; the canonical ensemble and the canonical partition function; statistical mechanics applied to chemistry; statistical theory of reaction rates. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; One of CHEM 240, MATH 227, MATH 228; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350L', 'CHEM', '004094', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'This advanced laboratory builds upon fundamental knowledge of physical chemistry gained in the introductory physical chemistry laboratory, CHEM 250L. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, and quantum mechanics. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 250L; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'CHEM', '004101', 'UG', 'Physical Biochemistry', 'The use of diffusion, ultracentrifugation, osmotic pressure, electrophoresis and X-ray diffraction to study the properties of biopolymers. Hyperbolic and allosteric enzyme kinetics, inhibition, and regulation. Some spectroscopies important to the life sciences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or 125, MATH 128; One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CHEM', '004107', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 3', 'Enolate alkylation, condensation, conjugate addition and pericyclic reactions. FMO theory, organometallics and transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360L', 'CHEM', '004108', 'UG', 'Senior Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected microscale synthetic experiments for students in Year Three Chemistry and Biochemistry programs, including spectroscopic identification of organic compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265, 265L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, or Medicinal Chemistry students only. Coreq: CHEM 360', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CHEM', '004110', 'UG', 'Organic Process Chemistry', 'This course is an introduction to the important aspects of Process Chemistry for the industrial production of pharmaceutically active organic compounds. Topics covered include: industrial organic synthesis and process design, scaling to kilogram quantities, green chemistry principles, process safety and hazard identification, industrial separation and purification, and meeting quality guidelines and regulations. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'CHEM', '004116', 'UG', 'Research Project 1', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'CHEM', '004117', 'UG', 'Research Project 2', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', 'Prereq: CHEM 392A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'CHEM', '004119', 'UG', 'Physicochemical Aspects of Natural Waters', 'Properties of water; chemicals in the environment; environmental fate of inorganic and organic pollutants; basic phenomena affecting the fate of water pollutants (vapor pressure; activity, solubility, partitioning, diffusion, sorption); acids and bases in water; dissolved carbon dioxide; trace metals in water. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'CHEM', '004150', 'UG', 'Metabolism 2', 'Properties and metabolism of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and biogenic amines. Biosynthesis and mode of action of selected cofactors. Structure-function relationships of enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'CHEM', '004151', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry', 'Nitrogen fixation. Assimilation of nitrogen. Amino acid metabolism. Metabolic regulation. Proteolytic enzymes, ubiquitin. Blood coagulation. Signal transduction and amplification. Biochemistry of nitric oxide. Biochemistry of vision. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CHEM', '004152', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Biochemistry', 'For a current list of offerings see the Undergraduate Officer. [Note: Instructor may elect to use the third lecture hour for a tutorial or not at all; Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or CHEM 333; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'CHEM', '004182', 'UG', 'Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry', 'Elucidation and identification of organic structures by contemporary spectroscopic techniques. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CHEM', '004190', 'UG', 'Introduction to Polymer Science', 'Basic definitions and polymer nomenclature, molecular weight distributions and averages, molecular weight measurements, step-growth and free radical chain-growth polymerization reactions, chain conformations, glass transition, crystallization, and mechanical properties of polymers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHE 541, MNS 322, NE 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('494A', 'CHEM', '004194', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'Laboratory work on a senior year research project. Enrolment into this course requires permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator. See the CHEM 494 coordinator for course details. No credit or grade will be provided for this course until the two-term sequence CHEM 494A/B has been completed. CHEM 494A/B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Geochemistry, or Materials & Nanosciences, or Medicinal Chemistry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'CHINA', '004201', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no prior background in writing, speaking, or understanding any dialect of the Chinese language to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: CHINA 101R is not open to speakers of any Chinese dialect.]', 'Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'CHINA', '004202', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 2', 'With the completion of the study of the rudiments of phonetics (as provided in CHINA 101R), the emphasis in this course shifts to grammar and character writing. Vocabulary will be expanded to between 500 and 700 words. [Note: CHINA 102R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CHINA 101R. Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'CHINA', '004203', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 1', 'Development of speaking, writing, reading, and listening skills. This course and its follow-up (CHINA 202R) include a survey of grammar, complex sentences, and logical stress.', 'Prereq: CHINA 102R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'CHINA', '004204', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 2', 'The study of Chinese characters receives more emphasis. Grammar instruction includes comparisons and different kinds of complements. The course includes topics of interest to students illustrating cultural differences between China and the West. Upon completion of CHINA 201R and 202R, the student should have a reading vocabulary of 1,600 Chinese characters and have learned about 300 key sentence patterns.', 'Prereq: CHINA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'CIVE', '004211', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 1', 'Three-dimensional force systems, moments, couples, and resultants. Three-dimensional equilibrium problems. Shear stresses in beams. Plastic bending. Beam deflection. Torsion of shafts and thin-walled closed sections. Shear, bending moment, and deflection diagrams for beams. Compound stress and stress transformations. Design concepts. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering or 2B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CIVE', '004212', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 2', 'Frames, arches and suspended structures. Stress and strain transformations. Strain energy. Energy methods. Virtual work. Buckling of columns. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 204, 221; 2B Civil Engineering or 3A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CIVE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'GEOE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'CIVE', '004215', 'UG', 'Differential Equations', 'An introduction to linear and partial differential equations. Standard methods of solution, applications to physical and engineering problems, linear equations with constant coefficients, basic systems of differential equations, partial differential equations. Applications. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 221; 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 218, ENVE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'CIVE', '004219', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Data analysis. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Estimation theory. Empirical determination of distribution models. Regression analysis. Introduction to risk. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, ENVE 224, GEOE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CIVE', '004221', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'A basic course in structure, behaviour, and uses of engineering materials. Topics include monotonic and cyclic stress-strain behaviour of metals. Phase diagrams. Diffusion, nucleation and growth of grains. Metallurgy and mechanical properties of irons and steels. Structure and mechanical properties of wood, cements, and concrete. Fracture, fatigue, and corrosion. Three lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 2A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'CIVE', '004222', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'An introduction to fluid mechanics. Fluid properties. Review of fluid statics. Buoyancy. Bernoulli equation. The momentum equation and applications. Laminar and turbulent flow. Dimensionless numbers. Closed conduit flow including friction losses. Pipe network analysis. Pump systems. Four lab sessions. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105, 221; Level at least 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 280', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'CIVE', '004227', 'UG', 'Structural Analysis', 'Analysis of statically indeterminate structures using force and displacement methods. Influence lines for indeterminate structures. Introduction to the matrix stiffness method. Computer applications using commercial structural analysis software. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'CIVE', '004228', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Solids 3', 'Membrane stresses in shells. Buckling. Beams on elastic foundations. Plane elasticity. Torsion of non-circular sections. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'CIVE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: CIVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Civil Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'GEOE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: GEOE 153 or ENVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Environmental or Geological Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'CIVE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'GEOE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: GEOE 353; Level at least 3B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'CIVE', '004235', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Principles', 'Water quality, air pollution, fate and transport of contaminants in natural and engineered systems, and pollution prevention. Solid and hazardous waste management. Water and wastewater treatment systems and design principles. Four lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, (CIVE 280 or GEOE 280); Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'CIVE', '004238', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students must undertake an independent civil engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a civil engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (CIVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, oral presentation, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, CIVE 401. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'CIVE', '004239', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of CIVE 400. The final design of the major civil engineering project proposed in CIVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in CIVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('505', 'CIVE', '004242', 'UG', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Dynamics of discrete and continuous structures. Free and forced vibrations of single and multi-degree of freedom systems. Shock loads, earthquake loads, response spectra. Analysis and design of frames for shock and earthquake loads. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (AE 303 or CIVE 303), (AE 223 or CIVE 222); Level at least 3B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('507', 'CIVE', '004243', 'UG', 'Building Science and Technology', 'The building process. Loadings; gravity, wind, thermal, moisture, and fire. Enclosure design; walls, windows, and roof. Subgrade construction. Energy related considerations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Architectural Engineering or 4B Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('413', 'CIVE', '004244', 'UG', 'Structural Steel Design', 'Advanced coverage of design of structural steel members and connections, building on CIVE 310. Design of laterally-unsupported beams, compression members and beam-columns. Plate girders. Connections. Special topics in design of structural steel or other metals. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'CIVE', '004245', 'UG', 'Structural Concrete Design', 'Advanced analysis and design of concrete members for flexure. Beam shear analysis and design. D-region shear design. Column design. Special topics. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'CIVE', '004246', 'UG', 'Structural System Design', 'Building loads. Lateral load systems. Floor systems for buildings. Composite construction. Introduction to bridge design. Special topics.[Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AE 310 or CIVE 310), CIVE 413, 414; 4B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'CIVE', '004247', 'UG', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'This course focuses on the development of the basic fundamentals of finite element method with applications in fluid flow, mass transport, solid mechanics and structures. Topics include discrete problems, matrix methods, variational principle, method of weighted residuals, element shapes, and interpolation functions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AE 223 or CIVE 222 or ENVE 223 or GEOE 223; 4B Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ME 559.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CIVE', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 241; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'PLAN', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 342 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('542', 'CIVE', '004250', 'UG', 'Pavement Structural Design', 'Pavement design, soil identification, subgrade design, base courses, flexible pavement design, design and testing of asphaltic concrete mixes, surface treatments. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'CIVE', '004251', 'UG', 'Traffic Simulation Modelling and Applications', 'Fundamental knowledge on the principles and applications of traffic simulations. System theory, traffic flow dynamics, stochastic simulation methods. Calibration and validation of simulation models, and interpretation and analysis of simulation output. Applications of state-of-the-art computer simulation software packages for solving real traffic engineering problems, involving scenario analysis, prediction, and optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 224, 341; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'CIVE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'GEOE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'ME', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Biomedical, Mechanical, Mechatronics, or Systems Design Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'CIVE', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105 or ME 219 or SYDE 286', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'CIVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 382; 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'ENVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 382; 4B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'CIVE', '004259', 'UG', 'Engineering Law and Ethics', 'Background (Charter of Rights and Freedoms), contracts, torts (negligent malpractice), forms of carrying on business, professional practice (professional engineers act, joint practice rules, professional misconduct and sexual harassment), alternate dispute resolution, construction liens, intellectual property (patents, trade marks, copyrights and industrial designs), labour relations and employment law, environmental law. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering. Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, BUS 231W, COMM 231, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'CIVE', '004261', 'UG', 'Construction Engineering', 'Topics in construction engineering and management including methods of delivering construction, contractual relationships, prevailing construction practices, construction equipment, concrete form design, concrete, steel, and masonry construction, introduction to trenchless technology, construction safety, planning and scheduling of repetitive construction, cash flow analysis, and construction project control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CLAS', '004262', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Classical Studies', 'An introduction to Greek and Roman civilization, focusing on six key aspects of the discipline of classical studies: history, literature, philosophy, myth and religion, art and architecture, and classical archaeology.', 'Prereq: No more than 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'CLAS', '004266', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Greece', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Greece. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, culture wars, sports, art, myth, and history, to sex, slavery, and social justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'CLAS', '004267', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Rome', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Roman world. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, family roles, myth, and history, to sex scandals, slavery, gladiatorial games, and mystery cults.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CLAS', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'HIST', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'CLAS', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'HIST', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CLAS', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'MEDVL', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'CLAS', '004287', 'UG', 'Sex and Gender in the Ancient World', 'This course examines a variety of issues around sexuality and gender relations in antiquity, including sexual mores and behaviours; literary, artistic, and philosophical constructs of gender; the roots of misogyny; and the legal and social restrictions placed on women in most ancient societies.', 'Prereq: One course in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'CLAS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'RS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'CLAS', '004300', 'UG', 'Science and Technology of Ancient Greece and Rome', 'A study of scientific thought and achievements in such areas as astronomy, biology, anatomy, and medicine, and of the technological skills which produced and distributed raw materials, manufactured goods, and agricultural products.', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 201, 202, 251, 252 or a first year Engineering course or a first year CHEM/EARTH/PHYS course or a second year BIOL/SCI course', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'CLAS', '004301', 'UG', 'Classical Studies Abroad', 'This course features a combination of academic study and first-hand investigation of museums and ancient sites, normally in Greece and/or Italy. [Note: This is a concentrated study course (block format) normally offered in a spring term. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. This course incurs extra costs for the student above and beyond the registration fee in the form of travel, room and board, and incidental costs.]', 'Prereq: At least 1.5 units in CLAS and/or GRK and/or LAT', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'CLAS', '004315', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Students wishing to undertake a senior honours thesis in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'CLAS', '004316', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Continuation of the Senior Honours Thesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CLAS', '004317', 'UG', 'Directed Study', 'Under exceptional circumstances, and only with the prior approval of the department, a student may substitute an individualized course of study at the senior level. Such circumstances might include, for example, the student''s participation in an approved archaeological dig. For further details, consult the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CROAT', '004344', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 1', 'For students with little or no knowledge of Croatian. The basic elements of Croatian grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation.\n[Note: CROAT 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CROAT', '004346', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 2', 'A continuation of CROAT 101. [Note: CROAT 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CROAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CS', '004360', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computing Through Applications', 'Using personal computers as effective problem solving tools for the present and the future. Effective use of spreadsheets to process, manipulate, and visualize numeric and textual information. Introduction to the Internet, World Wide Web, HTML, and XML. Algorithms underlying the functional components of web search engines and their influence on data access. Using wikis to publish, reshape, and organize data collaboratively. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Mathematics,Biomedical,Chemical,Civil,Computer & Electrical,Environmental,Geological,Management,Mechanical,Mechatronics,Nanotechnology & Systems Design Eng students. Antireq: All second,third or fourth year CS courses or equivalents', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CS', '004372', 'UG', 'Concepts for Advanced Computer Usage', 'Important concepts underlying major personal computer application categories; methodologies for learning and evaluating software; operating system and hardware design from the user''s point of view, with implications for maintaining a personal computer. Students are encouraged to use their own personal computer for assignments. Social media and the effect of technology on society are explored throughout the course. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Computer Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CS', '004374', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computers and Computer Systems', 'Basic computer architecture, organization, system services, and software. Typology of processors, memory, I/O devices, and their performance. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 292/393, CS 241, 251, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'CS', '004375', 'UG', 'Data Types and Structures', 'Top-down design of data structures. Using representation-independent data types. Introduction to commonly used data types, including lists, sets, mappings, and trees. Selection of data representation. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 122, CS 240, ECE 250, MSCI 240, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'CS', '004377', 'UG', 'Data Structures and Data Management', 'Introduction to widely used and effective methods of data organization, focusing on data structures, their algorithms, and the performance of these algorithms. Specific topics include priority queues, sorting, dictionaries, data structures for text processing. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212), (one of CS 241, 246, 247), (one of STAT 206, 230, 240); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 122, CS 234, ECE 250, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CS', '004378', 'UG', 'Foundations of Sequential Programs', 'The relationship between high-level languages and the computer architecture that underlies their implementation, including basic machine architecture, assemblers, specification and translation of programming languages, linkers and loaders, block-structured languages, parameter passing mechanisms, and comparison of programming languages. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. CS 251 is a recommended corequisite. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 138 or 246) or (a grade of 85% or higher in one of CS 136 or 146); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 230, ECE 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'CS', '004380', 'UG', 'Object-Oriented Software Development', 'Introduction to object-oriented programming and to tools and techniques for software development. Designing, coding, debugging, testing, and documenting medium-sized programs: reading specifications and designing software to implement them; selecting appropriate data structures and control structures; writing reusable code; reusing existing code; basic performance issues; debuggers; test suites. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 146 or a grade of 60% or higher in CS 136 or 138; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CS 247, MSCI 342, SYDE 322', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CS', '004382', 'UG', 'Computer Organization and Design', 'Overview of computer organization and performance. Basics of digital logic design. Combinational and sequential elements. Data representation and manipulation. Basics of processor design. Pipelining. Memory hierarchies. Multiprocessors. [Note: Students enrolled in Digital Hardware Specialization should enrol in ECE 222. Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 136, 138, 146; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 292/393, ECE 222, ME 262, MTE 262, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'STAT', '004384', 'UG', 'Introduction to Statistical Problem Solving', 'This is an applications oriented course which prepares the nonmathematical student to use statistical software as a research tool. Topics include aids for statistical analysis and the preparation of documents such as reports and theses. The course provides sufficient background for application to other problems specific to the individual''s field. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, SDS 250R, KIN 232, PSCI 214/314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC/LS 280, any STAT course; Not open to Honours Mathematics students. Antireq: STAT 331, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CS', '004385', 'UG', 'Management Information Systems', 'An introduction to information systems and their strategic role in business. Topics include types of information systems, organizational requirements, systems development strategies, decision support systems, data and information management, and information systems management, control and implementation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 106, 116, 136, 138, 146; Level at least 2B; Not open to\nComputer Science students. Antireq: AFM 241, BUS 415W, 486W, CS 480/490,\nMSCI 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'CS', '004390', 'UG', 'Computer Applications in Business: Databases', 'A user-oriented approach to the management of large collections of data. Methods used for the storage, selection, and presentation of data. Common database management systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 231, 234, 246, 330; or (AFM 341 and (CS 116 or CS 136 or CS 146)); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 348, 448, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'CS', '004392', 'UG', 'Algorithms', 'The study of efficient algorithms and effective algorithm design techniques. Program design with emphasis on pragmatic and mathematical aspects of program efficiency. Topics include divide and conquer algorithms, recurrences, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, graph search and backtrack, problems without algorithms, NP-completeness and its implications. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 231, ECE 406', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CS', '004398', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Theory of Computing', 'Models of computers including finite automata and Turing machines. Basics of formal languages with applications to the syntax of programming languages. Alternate characterizations of language classes. Proving unrecognizability. Unsolvable problems and their relevance to the semantics of programming. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240, 241 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CS', '004400', 'UG', 'Numerical Computation', 'Principles and practices of basic numerical computation as a key aspect of scientific computation. Visualization of results. Approximation by splines, fast Fourier transforms, solution of linear and nonlinear equations, differential equations, floating point number systems, error, stability. Presented in the context of specific applications to image processing, analysis of data, scientific modeling. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148), (one of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146), (one of CS 231, 234, 241, 246). Antireq: AMATH 242/CS 371, CHE 121, CIVE 121, CS 335, ECE 204, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CS', '004404', 'UG', 'Applications Software Engineering', 'An investigation into the role and function of software engineering practice in the construction of computer based systems. Topics include: requirements and specification; documentation techniques; analysis and design; implementation; testing and maintenance; management issues. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 330; Level at least 3A; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 446/ECE 452, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'CS', '004407', 'UG', 'Networks and Distributed Computer Systems', 'An introduction to networks, protocols, and distributed systems. Layered models, resource management, naming, addressing and routing, reliable communication, security, and higher-level services. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 241, 246, 251; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 454, 456, ECE 428, 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'STAT', '004408', 'UG', 'Stochastic Simulation Methods', 'Random variate generation in the univariate and multivariate case, Monte Carlo integration, advanced computer implementation, variance reduction, statistical analysis of simulated data, extensions to challenging simulation problems. Mathematical treatment of the underlying stochastic concepts and proofs. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of CS 116, 136, 138, 145, SYDE 221/322) and (STAT 230 with a grade of at least 60% or STAT 240) and (STAT 231 or 241)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CS', '004410', 'UG', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CS', '004412', 'UG', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('445', 'CS', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'ECE', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'CS', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ECE', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'CS', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ECE', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348', 'CS', '004417', 'UG', 'Introduction to Database Management', 'The main objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of database technology by studying databases from three viewpoints: those of the database user, the database designer, and the database administrator. It teaches the use of a database management system (DBMS) by treating it as a black box, focusing only on its functionality and its interfaces. Topics include introduction to database systems, relational database systems, database design methodology, SQL and interfaces, database application development, concept of transactions, ODBC, JDBC, database tuning, database administration, and current topics (distributed databases, data warehouses, data mining). [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: CS 240. Antireq: CS 338, ECE 356, 456, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CS', '004418', 'UG', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology, and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency, and resource utilization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212) and (CS 350 or SE 350); Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 320, ECE 429', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CS', '004419', 'UG', 'Real-time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CS', '004420', 'UG', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'CS', '004422', 'UG', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work.]', 'Prereq: (CS 246 or 247) and (one of STAT 206, 231, 241); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'CS', '004424', 'UG', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars --Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars -- normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', 'Prereq: CS 360 or 365; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CS', '004426', 'UG', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Algorithmic approaches and methods of assessment that reflect a broad spectrum of criteria, including randomized algorithms, amortized analysis, lower bounds, approximation algorithms, and on-line algorithms. Particular examples will be chosen from different areas of active research and application. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'CS', '004433', 'UG', 'Information Systems Management', 'The integration of business and technical considerations in the design, implementation and management of information systems. Topics include: IS planning and development; business, management, executive, and strategic information systems, including case studies of selected large- scale systems; decision support systems; end-user training and development; systems security, disaster planning and recovery. Practical examples of information systems in industry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: BUS\n415W, 486W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'CS', '004434', 'UG', 'Computational Techniques in Biological Sequence Analysis', 'Computer science principles and algorithms in biological sequence analysis. Topics include algorithms for sequence comparison, for large-scale database search in biological databases, for sequence assembly, for evolutionary tree reconstruction, for identifying important features in DNA and RNA sequences, and underlying computational techniques for understanding strings and trees and for making probabilistic inferences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 341, STAT 241 or at least 60% in STAT 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'CS', '004435', 'UG', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Knowledge representation and reasoning. Planning. Reasoning about uncertainty. Machine learning. Multi-agent systems. Natural language processing. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: STAT 206 or 231 or 241.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'CS', '004436', 'UG', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 231 or 234 or 240; Honours Mathematics only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'CS', '004437', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341 and (CS 350 or SE 350) and (CS 370 or 371); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CS', '004438', 'UG', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499R', 'CS', '004444', 'UG', 'Readings in Computer Science', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'THPERF', '004660', 'UG', 'Theatre and Performance in Context', 'Students experience, analyze, and interpret a range of works of theatre and performance. Close attention is paid to the original circumstances in which these works were produced, the ways in which they have reflected and influenced the communities that produced them, and their relevance to current performance practice and research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'THPERF', '004661', 'UG', 'Introduction to Theatre', 'This course introduces students to processes of theatre creation including textual analysis, conceptual development, design, rehearsal, production, performance, audience engagement, and self-evaluation. Students develop original productions of influential works while paying close attention to the works'' relevance and issues such as race, gender, and sustainability. [Note: Prior experience in theatre-making is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'THPERF', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'SPCOM', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'THPERF', '004663', 'UG', 'Performing Text', 'Students explore techniques to analyze, interpret, and perform texts.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'THPERF', '004664', 'UG', 'Performing the Body', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'SPCOM', '004665', 'UG', 'Public Speaking', 'Theory and practice of public speaking. A workshop course involving design and delivery of various kinds of speeches, and the development of organizational, vocal, listening, and critical skills. Students will be videotaped. [Note: Must attend first class. May be subject to priority enrolment.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'SPCOM', '004666', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Communication', 'Focuses on the one-to-one, face-to-face communication in both the personal and professional realms. Such topics as verbal and non-verbal interactions, listening, and the better management of interpersonal communication will be studied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'SPCOM', '004667', 'UG', 'Interviewing', 'Theory and practice of interviewing. A workshop course which teaches theory, design, and presentation of interviews. Videotaping student exercises will enhance interview design and delivery, as well as listening and critical skills.', 'Prereq: (For Mathematics students) one of EMLS 101R, 102R, EMLS/ENGL 129R, ENGL 109, SPCOM 100, SPCOM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'THPERF', '004668', 'UG', 'Technical Production 1', 'Students develop basic proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('244', 'THPERF', '004669', 'UG', 'Technical Production 2', 'Students develop intermediate proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project, normally a departmental production.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'THPERF', '004678', 'UG', 'Performance Creation', 'Students study, apply, and critique a range of processes for making performance in a range of media, paying close attention to the relationship between the approach to creation and the significance of works in the communities where they are performed.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'THPERF', '004680', 'UG', 'Production Participation 3', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'THPERF', '004681', 'UG', 'Production Participation 4', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ENGL', '004682', 'UG', 'Early Modern Worlds on Stage', 'This course explores plays from the English Renaissance in their historical and theatrical contexts. Topics may include playhouses and staging, censorship, and collaboration.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'THPERF', '004688', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with Text', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to acting in traditions emphasizing the text as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'THPERF', '004689', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with the Body', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to performance in traditions emphasizing the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'SPCOM', '004691', 'UG', 'Small Group Communication', 'A workshop course which works from theory to develop the skills to work in groups effectively. The principles of group dynamics, leadership, and conflict resolution will be studied and implemented in small group meetings and presentations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'THPERF', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'SPCOM', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'THPERF', '004698', 'UG', 'Stage Management', 'Students explore approaches to stage management for theatre and performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'THPERF', '004706', 'UG', 'Approaches to Directing', 'Exploration of the director''s task in its practical, theoretical, and historical aspects.', 'Prereq: THPERF 200, 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'THPERF', '004708', 'UG', 'Performance History', 'This course explores significant case studies in performance history drawn from the earliest historical records of performance to recent performance events in a variety of social contexts. Close attention is paid to historiographical research methods and the ways they determine our understanding of the past.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('406', 'THPERF', '004715', 'UG', 'Production Participation 7', 'Students work at an advanced, independent level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to create and reflect upon a major, collaborative performance project. Students engage in all areas of project creation, including research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'THPERF', '004716', 'UG', 'Production Participation 8', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'THPERF', '004723', 'UG', 'Selected Seminars in Drama & Theatre Arts', 'Seminars in special areas of drama and theatre. [Note: Formerly DRAMA 490. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'SPCOM', '004739', 'UG', 'Organizational Communication', 'This course examines organizational theory, the communication process, and the interplay between the two. Students will develop the skills to identify, analyze, and solve a variety of organizational communication problems through case study group work and other workshop-style methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'THPERF', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SPCOM', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'THPERF', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SPCOM', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'DUTCH', '004742', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 1', 'The basic elements of Dutch grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation. Introduction to aspects of Dutch culture. [Note: DUTCH 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'DUTCH', '004743', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 2', 'A continuation of DUTCH 101. [Note: DUTCH 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: DUTCH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'ECE', '004750', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Programming', 'Software design process in a high-level programming environment. Programming fundamentals, language syntax, simple data types, control constructs, functions, parameter passing, recursion, classes, arrays and lists, list traversals, introduction to searching and sorting algorithms, basic object-oriented design, polymorphism and inheritance, simple testing and debugging strategies, pointers and references, basic memory management. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 121, MTE 121/GENE 121, NE 113, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'ECE', '004752', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods', 'Application of computational methods to engineering problems. Number systems, errors and error propagation. Roots of nonlinear equations. Introduction to numerical linear algebra. Interpolation and numerical integration. Introduction to numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, optimization. Emphasis will be placed on algorithm development. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: AMATH 342, CS 370, 371, ECE 204A, 204B, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'ECE', '004755', 'UG', 'Digital Computers', 'Computer organization. Memory units, control units, I/O operations. Assembly language programming, translation and loading. Arithmetic logic units. Computer case studies. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ECE 124; (CS 115 or 135 or 137 or 145 or ECE 150); Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering or Computer Science/Digital Hardware Option', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ECE', '004759', 'UG', 'Algorithms and Data Structures', 'Data structures, abstract data types, recursive algorithms, algorithm analysis, sorting and searching, and problem-solving strategies. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 234, 240, 341, SE 240', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'MTE', '004767', 'UG', 'Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer', 'Macroscopic approach to energy analysis. Energy transfer as work and heat, and the First Law of thermodynamics. Properties and states of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume analysis. The essence of entropy, and the Second Law of thermodynamics. The Carnot cycle and its implications for practical cyclic devices. Introduction to heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. Basic formulation and solution of steady and transient problems. Issues relevant to the cooling of electrical devices. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MTE 202, 203; Level at least 3A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: SYDE 381', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ECE', '004769', 'UG', 'Communication Systems', 'Introduction to random processes, power spectral density. Thermal noise and the white noise model. Amplitude and angle modulation, generation and detection schemes. Sampling and reconstruction, quantization. Digital baseband transmission. Overview of digital passband communications. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ECE 203, 207, (ECE 205 or MATH 211); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ECE', '004779', 'UG', 'Analog Control Systems', 'Introduction to control systems. Advantages of closed-loop feedback systems. The role of the system mathematical model. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs. The basic control system design problem, stability in control systems. Frequency response analysis techniques. Root-locus analysis. Elementary lead-lag compensation. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 207; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213; Level at least 3A Software Engineering). Antireq: ME 360, MTE 360, SE 380, SYDE 352', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ECE', '004784', 'UG', 'Digital Signal Processing', 'Fourier representations in discrete and continuous time. Discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform algorithms. Sampling theory. Sampling and quantization errors. Transform analysis of linear time-invariant systems. Filter design. Discrete Hilbert transform. Introduction to filter banks and discrete wavelet transform. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (Level at least 3B Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213, STAT 206; Level at least 3B Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 413', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'ECE', '004785', 'UG', 'Wireless Communications', 'Overview of wireless communications including standards. Characterization of mobile radio propagation channels. Signal representations. Transmission and reception techniques for wireless channels. Fundamentals of cellular communications and multiple-access schemes. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 306, 318, Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ECE', '004786', 'UG', 'Digital Hardware Systems', 'Design and modelling of digital hardware systems using a hardware description language. Development process. Impact of implementation technologies. Performance analysis and optimization. Functional verification. Timing analysis. Power analysis and optimization. Faults and testability. Reliability and fault tolerance.[Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 222 or MTE 241); (ECE 124 or MTE 262) or (SYDE 192 and SYDE 192L); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering or Software Engineering or Systems Design Eng or Computer Science/Digital Hdw Op', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ECE', '004801', 'UG', 'Distributed Computing', 'Principles of distributed computing; architectures and middleware; servers, processes, and virtualization; upper-layer network protocols, interprocess communication and remote procedure calling; concurrency, synchronization and distributed algorithms, dependable distributed systems and fault tolerance. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 252 or SE 350); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering. Coreq: ECE 358 Software Engineering only. Antireq: CS 454, 654', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'ECE', '004802', 'UG', 'Embedded Software', 'Concepts, theory, tools, and practice to understand, design, and write embedded software. This course covers computing elements, structures in embedded software, resource access protocols, uniprocessor scheduling, programming-language support, languages for MDD (model-driven development), worst-case execution time analysis, and overview of embedded distributed systems. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 350 or SE 350; Level at least 4A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering or Software Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ECE', '004806', 'UG', 'Design & Applications of Power Electronic Converters', 'Principles of power conditioning. Switching characteristics of power semiconductor devices. Computer simulation of power electronic circuits. Analysis, design, and applications of power converters. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering. Antireq: MTE 420', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'ECE', '004807', 'UG', 'High Voltage Engineering and Power System Protection', 'The course provides the fundamentals concepts of generation and measurements of high voltage ac, dc, and impulses. Briefly introduces the students to basic conduction and breakdown mechanisms of insulating materials. The scope of this course also includes understanding the basic protection system, studying the principles for protecting different elements and studying different technologies used in designing protective relays. Exposure to several state-of-art high voltage testing techniques of power system components will ensure that students have knowledge of the industrial solutions to the management of the problems associated with overvoltage and the protection mechanisms used. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ECE', '004811', 'UG', 'Radio and Wireless Systems', 'Modern transmitter and receiver architectures, Noise and linearity in radio and wireless systems, Design considerations of RF/microwave subsystems, radio and wireless system designs, CAD tools for radio and wireless systems, Antennas, Radio wave propagation models, Indoor radio, Satellite communication, Personal communication systems (PCSs). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 375 and (ECE 206 or MATH 212); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ECE', '004813', 'UG', 'Digital Control Systems', 'Performance specifications for design. Dynamic system modelling and basic system identification. Dealing with basic nonlinear effects. Sampled data systems. Discrete-time system stability and dynamic performance. Digital control system design: emulation methods, z-domain, frequency domain, pole placement. Implementation of digital controllers. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 380 or MTE 360 or SYDE 352; Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Systems Design Engineering) or (ECE 207, SE 380; Level at least 4A Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 484', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'ECE', '004816', 'UG', 'Robot Dynamics and Control', 'Introduction to the study of robotics focusing on the mechanics and control of serial manipulators. Topics include rigid body motion, forward and inverse kinematics, differential kinematics, forward and inverse dynamics, trajectory generation, motion planning, and feedback control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq:(ECE 380;Level at least 4A Comp or Elect Eng)or(SE 380;Level at least 4A Software Eng)or(MTE 360;Level at least 4A Mechatronics Eng)or(ME 360;Level at least 4A Mech Eng/Mechtr Opt)or(SYDE 352;Level at least 4A Sys Design Eng).Antireq:ME 547', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'EARTH', '004819', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences', 'This course will provide students with the foundational knowledge to become earth science literate, understanding Earth''s influence on humans and human influence on the Earth. Students will learn to think like a geoscientist by adopting four ways of thinking that take into account a systems approach, a variety of spatial and temporal scales, and field thinking. Systematically learning about rocks, geological time, natural resources, natural hazards, and water in this course will prepare students to address many challenges currently facing society and to identify future potential opportunities. [Note: EARTH 121L is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Antireq: CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'EARTH', '004820', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 121. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 121 lectures. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'EARTH', '004821', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences', 'This course presents a broad overview of earth system processes and their influence on humans. Course emphasis is placed on anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, the impacts of geologic, biologic, and atmospheric processes on humans, and the effects of human activities on the environment. Course topics include sustainable development and the availability and use of natural resources, principles of ecology and environmental science, biogeochemical cycles, climate and climate change, soils and food supply, energy systems, surface water and groundwater, waste generation and management, pollution, and catastrophic natural processes. [Note: EARTH 122L is recommended. Offered: W]', 'Antireq: ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'EARTH', '004822', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 122. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 122 lectures. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'EARTH', '004823', 'UG', 'Introductory Hydrology', 'This course is intended to provide students with a practical overview of the hydrologic cycle and all of the interesting ways water flows and interacts with its environment, both surface and subsurface. The material is both qualitative and quantitative in nature and focuses on the circulation of water through the atmosphere, soil, groundwater aquifers, as well as looking at both the global fresh and marine water systems. Emphasis is placed on the physical aspects of hydrology, and the geologic and environmental factors that control the occurrence and cycling of water on Earth, as well as the impacts caused by population growth, contamination, urbanization or land use management, and climate change. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'EARTH', '004826', 'UG', 'Introductory Geochemistry', 'Origin, abundance, and geochemistry of elements. Introduction to environmental isotope geochemistry and radiometric dating. Basic aqueous geochemistry: pH, carbonate equilibrium, and common ions in natural waters. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123, 125 or level at least 2A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'EARTH', '004827', 'UG', 'Field Methods in Hydrology', 'This course consists of field exercises and lectures designed to provide students with practical hands-on experience conducting a variety of hydrological monitoring techniques. Emphasis will be placed on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of field measurements. Field exercises will cover groundwater, surface water, meteorological, and water quality. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 123; Antireq: EARTH 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'EARTH', '004828', 'UG', 'Mineralogy', 'This course provides a systematic study of the physical and chemical properties of the major rock-forming silicate minerals. Study of mineral chemistry, the internal geometry of crystalline solids and the interrelationship of crystal structure to the physical and chemical properties of minerals. Laboratory work focuses on observing and evaluating the physical properties of minerals and rocks in hand sample in order to identity them. This course includes a weekend field trip to Bancroft, Ontario. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), EARTH 153, CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'EARTH', '004829', 'UG', 'Introductory Petrography', 'This course provides an introduction to the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Overview of textural, mineralogical, and chemical classification schemes for rocks. Introduction to silicate phase equilibria and the use of mineral stability diagrams to understand petrogenetic processes. Major relationships between tectonic setting and rock types. Laboratory work focuses on using a transmitted light microscope to study the optic properties of minerals in order to identify them as well as observe rock textures and interpret geological histories. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: EARTH 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'EARTH', '004830', 'UG', 'Stratigraphic Approaches to Understanding Earth''s History', 'An introduction to stratigraphic principles and methods used in deciphering geological history. Techniques of collecting surface and subsurface geologic data and representation of stratigraphic data. Procedures applicable to the classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units using the North American Stratigraphic Code. The development of stratigraphic sequences as controlled by global and regional tectonics and sea level fluctuations. Interrelating aspects of Earth''s physical, chemical, and biological history. Examples are drawn primarily from Canadian geology. Laboratory work will include construction and interpretation of various types of learning media such as traditional maps, cross sections, new physical and digital models, as well as extended reality. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'EARTH', '004832', 'UG', 'Introductory Structural Geology', 'Concepts of stress and strain; elementary rock mechanics; description and classification of folds, faults, foliations, lineations and joints; use of primary structures; introduction to geometrical analysis. Labs will emphasize geometrical problems, including geological maps and cross sections, and stereographic projection. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (EARTH 121 and 121L) or EARTH 153/CIVE 153/GEOE 153/ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'EARTH', '004833', 'UG', 'Introductory Applied Geophysics', 'Applied geophysics provides geoscientists with a wide-range of non-invasive methods for characterizing the Earth''s interior. This course is an introduction to the physical principles underlying field acquisition, processing, and data interpretation for commonly used applied geophysical techniques (seismic, electrical, electromagnetic induction, gravity, and magnetic methods). This course is not only pertinent for geoscientists but also for engineers and others interested in learning how physics can be used to explore the Earth''s interior or perform non-destructive testing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'EARTH', '004835', 'UG', 'Volcanology and Igneous Petrology', 'Principles and theories of the origins of volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks. Topics include the physics and chemistry of magma; igneous hazards and implications; magmatic differentiation; and igneous tectonic associations. Laboratories focus on the identification, description, and classification of igneous rocks [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'EARTH', '004836', 'UG', 'Metamorphic Petrology', 'Principles and theories of metamorphic rock genesis. Topics include static and dynamic metamorphism, recrystallization, metamorphic facies, thermodynamic equilibrium, metasomatism, and metamorphic signatures of global tectonics. Laboratories focus on the description, classification, and interpretation of metamorphic rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'EARTH', '004837', 'UG', 'Introductory Sedimentology', 'An introduction to sediment properties, sedimentation processes, and sedimentary deposits in a variety of depositional environments and climatic conditions. Processes affecting sediments after initial deposition, such as those involved in the transformation of sediments into sedimentary rocks are also examined. Laboratories will focus on the different methods to describe and interpret sediments and sedimentary rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'EARTH', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'BIOL', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'EARTH', '004839', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and GIS Applications', 'An introduction of geomorphology with emphasis on landscape-forming processes. Characteristics and development of various landforms (e.g. mountain belts, volcanoes, impact craters, and those created by erosion/deposition of rivers/glaciers) are introduced. Skills for interpreting landforms in air photos or satellite images (in Google Earth or ArcGIS) are practised in the lab work. Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Earth Sciences. Basic concepts of GIS and GIS applications in mineral exploration industry and in fieldwork are introduced. Laboratory work of GIS involves map construction and spatial analysis (e.g., landslide hazard assessment). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122, CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153, SCI 250', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'EARTH', '004841', 'UG', 'Water: Data to Decisions', 'This course explores approaches for interpreting environmental data to support water decisions using theoretical and computational techniques. These approaches focus on statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, probability, hypothesis testing, frequency and time series analyses, point patterns, and correlation and regression, and also include discussion of analytical and numerical approaches. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 121, EARTH 123, and EARTH 221. Antireq: EARTH 491 (Topic: Data to Decisions) taken winter 2021', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'EARTH', '004842', 'UG', 'Earth System Science', 'Study of the Earth as a system, with a focus on global climate history and dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, and the impacts of human activity. Critical analysis and synthesis are emphasized in the context of group presentations and discussions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122; EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'EARTH', '004848', 'UG', 'Methods in Geological Mapping', 'Field study in Sudbury and Whitefish Falls areas. Held for at least nine days at end of the winter term. Geological and geotechnical field techniques, map construction, and report writing. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply to all students. Depending on availability of space, EARTH 390 is also open to students who do not require this course in their plan. There will be an additional fee for such students. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 235. Coreq: EARTH 238, 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'EARTH', '004849', 'UG', 'Advanced Geochemistry', 'The application of chemical thermodynamics to geochemical problems. Development of the three laws of thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy and equilibria constants. Introduction to various topics in aqueous geochemistry such as mineral equilibria, ion exchange, and redox equilibria. Laboratory session will involve various experiments related to mineral solubility, chemical kinetics, acid-base equilibria, and chemical modelling. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'EARTH', '004854', 'UG', 'Advanced Structural Geology', 'Stress and strain; deformational behaviour of rocks; origin of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults; geometrical and kinematic analysis; relationships of structures from the microscopic to the megascopic scale. Labs will include simple experiments, advanced geometrical problems and observation and measurement of microstructure and fabric. [Note: EARTH 332 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436A', 'EARTH', '004855', 'UG', 'Thesis Proposal', 'The first term of a potential two-term supervised research project in which students prepare a research proposal and conduct research. Students will present their research proposal in an oral presentation and written report. [Note: In order to progress to a two-term project via EARTH 436B, a grade of 75% must be achieved in this course; Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A; Honours Earth Sciences, Environmental Science - Geoscience Specialization, and Geochemistry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436B', 'EARTH', '004856', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis', 'An optional second term of a two-term supervised research project in which students learn to gather and interpret data. Students will present their findings in a formal presentation and written thesis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 436A with a grade of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437', 'EARTH', '004857', 'UG', 'Rock Mechanics', 'Stress, strain and strength in geomaterials. Origins of stress and stress measurement methods, including hydraulic fracture and strain relief. Rock Mechanics principles and design procedures in areas of mining, civil engineering and petroleum engineering. Monitoring methods, including introduction to microseismic surveillance. Course includes laboratory and project work. [Note: Prerequisites are not listed for this course which is highly suitable for interested Engineering and Science students. However, some background in engineering, materials science, mechanics or structural geology is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'EARTH', '004858', 'UG', 'Engineering Geology', 'Review of basic concepts in engineering geology as applied to rock and soil, including material properties, variability in properties, external factors such as stress, and evaluation of design adequacy. Site investigation and characterization techniques used to define and characterize the properties of geological materials and their use in selected engineering geologic design and construction problems. Laboratory assignments will focus on the determination of physical properties and site assessment problems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'EARTH', '004859', 'UG', 'Flow and Transport Through Fractured Rocks', 'Fractures are ubiquitous in geologic media and important in disciplines such as physical and contaminant hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, and petroleum engineering among other areas. Despite the importance of fractures, its characterization and predictions of groundwater flow and contaminant transport are fraught with significant difficulties. Students are taught to deal with fractures in hydrogeology, to conceptualize them, and to build reliable models for predicting groundwater flow and contaminant transport. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'EARTH', '004860', 'UG', 'Quaternary Geology', 'Glacial-interglacial cycles and sub-Milankovitch oscillations from ocean sediments and ice cores. Quaternary geochronology. Glacial sediment-land systems. Mineral exploration techniques pertaining to glaciated terrains and hydrostratigraphic analyses of Quaternary basins. Local field trips. Laboratory studies on glacial sediments. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'EARTH', '004862', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods in Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the theory and practice of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling. Topics related to variably-saturated flow will focus on derivation of Richard''s equation, a control volume finite difference discretization, assembly and solution of the flow equation, material balance error, truncation error analysis, stability and monotonicity. Topics related to contaminant transport will focus on derivation of the contaminant transport equation, a control volume finite difference discretization along with various spatial and temporal weighting schemes and their associated accuracy, monotonicity, and material balance error. Hands-on experience is provided using software applied to industry-standard variably-saturated flow and transport problems, with an emphasis on visualization and interpretation of results. [Note: EARTH 458, a first-year linear algebra, and a second-year calculus course are recommended. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'EARTH', '004863', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to physical hydrogeology, including Darcy''s law, the groundwater flow equations for steady-state and transient conditions, applications to flow nets, aquifer testing, groundwater resources, and groundwater protection. The role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle is explored with emphasis on natural groundwater flow systems and their influence on stream flow. Physical processes controlling groundwater contamination are introduced. [Note: EARTH 123 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH (121 and 121L), (122 and 122L), CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'EARTH', '004864', 'UG', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the chemical side of hydrogeology with emphasis on groundwater quality and contaminants in the groundwater zone, the geochemical origin of major ions in natural groundwater, causes of hardness, groundwater age determination using isotopes, common causes of groundwater contamination; processes governing contaminant behaviour including dispersion, diffusion and adsorption, hydrogeologic aspects of site selection for waste disposal. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458; One of EARTH 221, CIVE 375, ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'EARTH', '004865', 'UG', 'Geophysical Data Analysis', 'Geophysical data sets require the application of specialized analysis methods to extract information about the Earth''s interior. This course covers commonly used concepts and techniques used in geophysical data analysis including spectral analysis, convolution, filtering, and sampling. Emphasis is given to the analysis and processing of radar and seismic reflection profiling data sets. [Note: A full credit in first-year Calculus is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'EARTH', '004866', 'UG', 'Near-Surface Geophysics', 'Near-surface geophysics is used to characterize the shallow subsurface for a wide-spectrum of applications. This application-oriented course covers current methodology in near-surface geophysics, including electrical, electromagnetic, ground penetrating radar, seismic refraction, and well-logging methods. Techniques for geophysical data acquisition and interpretation are studied and applied to field data. Examples of the application of geophysical techniques to archeological, forensics, geotechnical, glaciology, and hydrogeological problems are examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'EARTH', '004868', 'UG', 'Mineral Deposits', 'An introduction to the principles and theories of mineral deposit genesis. Basic technical, economic, legal, and ethical aspects of mineral exploration and responsible development of natural resources are also covered. Laboratories involve hand sample and ore petrology of suites from diverse deposits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221, 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'EARTH', '004869', 'UG', 'Field Course', 'One or more trips that emphasize field observations. Specific trips may be organized to examine field aspects of any of the disciplines within Earth Sciences or Geological Engineering. Field exercises and reports may be part of the requirements. Additional field trip fees will apply.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A; Honours Earth Sciences or Environmental Science (Geoscience Specialization) or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100R', 'EASIA', '004871', 'UG', 'Introduction to East Asia', 'An introductory survey of East Asia. This course examines common grounds and differences in the historical, cultural, economic, and political foundations of East Asian societies and states. [Note: Formerly EASIA 201R]', 'Antireq: EASIA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'EASIA', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'RS', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ECON', '004874', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microeconomics', 'This course provides an introduction to microeconomic analysis relevant for understanding the Canadian economy. The behaviour of individual consumers and producers, the determination of market prices for commodities and resources, and the role of government policy in the functioning of the market system are the main topics covered.', 'Prereq: Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ECON', '004877', 'UG', 'Introduction to Macroeconomics', 'This course introduces students to the measurement and behaviour of key macroeconomic variables both in Canada and around the world. Topics include national accounts, inflation, interest rates, wages, international balance of payments, business cycles, growth, employment, unemployment, poverty, and inequality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ECON', '004885', 'UG', 'Microeconomic Theory for Business and Policy', 'This course offers an introduction to the theory of market based economies. Topics include consumer choice, production, price and output under perfect and imperfect competition, price discrimination and two part pricing, vertical and horizontal firm boundaries and integration, and market structure.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'ECON', '004890', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Economics', 'An introduction to mathematical techniques of particular use in economics. Topics include matrix algebra, differentation, partial derivatives, optimization techniques including constrained optimization - all developed within the context of economic problems.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM103; one of MATH 104, 4U Advanced Functions, 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'MGMT', '004894', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship and the Creative Workplace', 'This course has two distinct but related components. The first explores entrepreneurship as a key input to economic activity. It also reviews numerous perspectives of entrepreneurship and introduces basic tools available for use by the entrepreneur, including the business canvas. The second part of this course explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and strategy. The design of an appropriate strategy and the implementation of this strategy through appropriate controls and structure are considered in the context of the innovative firm. [Note: Formerly ECON 220.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: ENBUS 203, ECON 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ECON', '004895', 'UG', 'Statistics for Economists', 'This course introduces students to describing economic data and drawing inferences from features of economic data. Starting from fundamental axioms of probability, students will learn about the calculation of probabilities of basic events and the features of random variables, the most important tool for representing the outcomes of complex economic phenomena. Students will describe discrete and continuous random variables via their probability distributions and summary statistics such as means and standard deviations, as well as the relationships between two random variables in terms of covariance, correlation, and simple regression models. The concepts of hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, and the fundamentals of statistical inference are discussed for basic features of random variables and for comparing the features of more than one random variable.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Coreq: ECON 211 or Science and Business students or Biotech/Chartered Professional Accountancy students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ECON', '004899', 'UG', 'Introduction to International Economics', 'This course explores international trade in goods and services, as well as the international exchange of financial assets. Economic theories will be examined, which help explain how international transactions affect the world''s economies. Topics include the theory of comparative advantage and the gains from trade, tariff theory, concepts and measurement of balance of payments, exchange rate systems, and the international monetary system.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ECON', '004921', 'UG', 'Mathematical Economics', 'This course builds on and expands the material in ECON 211. Multi-variate calculus and optimization are covered in detail, with a focus on economic applications of the envelope theorem. The implicit function theorem and its uses in comparative statics are explored. Difference and differential equations and their application to dynamic models are introduced, culminating in an introduction to optimal control.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202, ECON 211; or ECON 391; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'ECON', '004927', 'UG', 'International Finance', 'An analysis of the main issues in international finance. Topics include international borrowing and lending, intertemporal gains from trade, current account and balance of trade movements, the determination of exchange rates, and foreign exchange markets.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202 or ECON 201, 206 or ECON 206, 290. Antireq: (For Mathematics students only) BUS 443W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ECON', '004939', 'UG', 'Labour Economics', 'A study of the supply of labour by individuals (and unions) and the demand for labour by firms. Topics include the labour market effects of social assistance, unemployment insurance and minimum wages, discrimination in the labour market, efficient wage contracts, the determinants of wage inflation and unemployment.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'ECON', '004942', 'UG', 'Environmental Economics', 'Application of economic theory to problems of the environment, in particular, air, water, and land pollution. Emphasis is on the theory of the management of common property resources. Note: [Formerly ECON 357]', 'Prereq: ECON 102, ECON 391; One of ECON 322, STAT 221, STAT 231, STAT 241. Antireq: ECON 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ECON', '004943', 'UG', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis and Project Evaluation', 'Methods for evaluating private and public projects; decision rules, efficiency conditions, and methods of conducting cost-benefit analysis. Application of the technique. This course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ECON', '004944', 'UG', 'The Economics of Social Problems', 'A topic-oriented course. Problems are selected from a list that includes regulatory economics, poverty, unemployment, industrial policy, safety, social policy, government deficits/debt, stabilization policy, and others. The format assists the student in gaining analytical skills through work on the selected topics.', 'Prereq: ECON 102; ECON 201 or 290', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'ECON', '004946', 'UG', 'Business Finance 1', 'The course explores decisions faced by managers of firms. In particular, decision-makers must determine which long-term real investment opportunities to exploit. Once undertaken, managers must decide how to finance the projects, for example, by debt or equity. The course develops both the conceptual framework and the tools required for these decisions. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics; Level at least 2B. Antireq: AFM 271/273, AFM 274/371, ACTSC 372 after fall 2014', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('372', 'ECON', '004947', 'UG', 'Business Finance 2', 'This course examines a number of topics relevant to financial practitioners. The topics examined may include options, derivatives securities, futures markets, swaps and hedging. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON371; ECON211 or one of MATH106/136/146; ECON 221 or any probability and/or basic statistics course; or students in the Faculty of Mathematics ECON101 or ECON100/COMM103, ECON102 and ACTSC372 after fall 2014. Antireq: ACTSC446 (ACTSC students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ECON', '004949', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'One or more special topics courses may be offered at different times as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of five times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'ECON', '004959', 'UG', 'Econometric Theory', 'This course offers an advanced treatment of topics covered in ECON 322/323 through the extensive use of matrix algebra, statistical theory and numerical methods. After a review of the required mathematics, these tools will be used to derive the least-squares estimator for the standard linear model and to conduct inference about features of the model, checking the results of theory using regression software and economic data. Then this framework will be used for theoretical generalizations of the model and their estimation using regression software. By the end of the course, students will be able to estimate a linear model and conduct accurate inference in cases where economic data violate the assumptions of the standard linear regression model. This includes methods for dealing with heteroskedastic data, observations that may be dependent over time, response distributions with heavy tails or limited range (such as binary outcomes and count variables), and observations that may suffer from selection bias.', 'Prereq: One of ECON 321, ECON 323, STAT 221, 231, 241; Honours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'ECON', '004960', 'UG', 'Microeconometric Analysis', 'This course investigates advanced estimation and inference techniques for microeconomic data. Students will learn about error components models that are used for economic data that exhibits significant unobserved heterogeneity. The estimation of treatment effects using fixed effects and difference-in-differences methods will be covered, and design-based methods of causal inference such as matching and regression discontinuity may be covered as well. Extensions such as multilevel or hierarchical models, limited dependent variable models, duration models or selection models may also be included. Students also learn how to apply these methods using computer software, and will use it to analyze complex data from household and firm-level surveys in assignments.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; one of ECON 321, 323, STAT 221, 231, 241;\nHonours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'ECON', '004970', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Students are required to identify a research topic, conduct research independently, write a research paper, and attend class meetings. Each student is supervised by a member of the Economics faculty. Class meetings cover topics such as a general overview of research methods in economics, research ethics, finding reference material, citing practices, and effective writing and presentation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Economics or Honours Mathematical Economics (BA and BMATH) students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'ECON', '004974', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ECON', '004975', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103B', 'ENGL', '005042', 'UG', 'Varieties of English', 'Introduction to the study of varieties of the English language - regional, social, temporal, functional, and stylistic. The relations of languages and literature and of speech and writing will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108E', 'ENGL', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108', 'GSJ', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', 'Antireq: WS 108E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108F', 'ENGL', '005050', 'UG', 'The Rebel', 'A study of various works of literature in which the protagonist is a rebel against existing norms. The course will examine a number of rebel types and concepts, moral implications, and final outcomes either in successful realization or in tragic defeat.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'ENGL', '005054', 'UG', 'Introduction to Academic Writing', 'The course will explore a variety of issues in academic writing such as style, argument, and the presentation of information. Frequent written exercises will be required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'ENGL', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'EMLS', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140R', 'ENGL', '005064', 'UG', 'The Use of English', 'This course examines the use of English in a variety of contexts (colloquial, scientific, legal, political, commercial, journalistic, literary, etc.) to increase critical awareness of the language and help students write more clearly and effectively.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('190', 'ENGL', '005068', 'UG', 'Shakespeare', 'Designed for students in all faculties, the course examines some of Shakespeare''s comedies, history plays, and tragedies. Shakespeare''s variety and flexibility in developing characters and dramatic structures are stressed, as are significant themes. [Note: No previous work in Shakespeare is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200A', 'ENGL', '005069', 'UG', 'English Literatures 1', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the Middle Ages to the late 18th century, focussing on key writers and works, including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200B', 'ENGL', '005070', 'UG', 'English Literatures 2', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the late 18th century to the present, focussing on key writers and works from Britain and North America, and including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENGL', '005071', 'UG', 'The Short Story', 'This course deals with the history and techniques of the short story, with emphasis upon works by such British, American, and Canadian writers as Henry James, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, Ernest Hemingway, and Alice Munro.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202A', 'ENGL', '005072', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 1', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the Old Testament of the King James Bible (also known as the Hebrew Scripture), and of its influence on other English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202B', 'ENGL', '005073', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 2', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the New Testament of the King James Bible and of its influence on English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'ENGL', '005078', 'UG', 'The Canadian Short Story', 'The short story is Canada''s most vibrant literary form. Students will examine short stories from the 19th century to the present. Topics to be covered may include national, regional and Indigenous identity, mythology, multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism, as well as explorations of contemporary social justice issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208A', 'ENGL', '005081', 'UG', 'Forms of Fantasy', 'A study of fantasy literature, including some subgenres such as romances, fairy tales, fables, and gothic and horror fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208B', 'ENGL', '005082', 'UG', 'Science Fiction', 'Various examples drawn, for instance, from Utopian and anti-Utopian science fiction, social science fiction, \"gadget\" science fiction, parapsychology, and alternate worlds and beings will be considered. Some attention will be given to the historical development of the genre.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208C', 'ENGL', '005083', 'UG', 'Studies in Children''s Literature', 'A critical examination of works of children''s literature. Specific readings may range broadly, encompassing works as diverse as ancient folk tales and novels and poetry from the 18th century to the present day.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'ENGL', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'GSJ', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208H', 'ENGL', '005086', 'UG', 'Arthurian Legend', 'The story of Arthur and his knights of the Round Table will be discussed as it is treated at various times in various works and genres. Such matters will be considered as the character of Arthur, the concept of Camelot, and the Fellowship of the Round Table.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208K', 'ENGL', '005087', 'UG', 'Detective Fiction', 'A study of the detective novel, the novel of crime, the thriller, the novel of intrigue, and of espionage with texts drawn from various time periods and national literatures. The course includes the examination of critical approaches to the form of detective fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210E', 'ENGL', '005095', 'UG', 'Genres of Technical Communication', 'This course explores writing, presentation, and design across various genres of technical communication, with a primary focus on printed and/or online computer documentation. Other assignments might include white papers, product specifications, help-desk communication, etc.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210F', 'ENGL', '005096', 'UG', 'Genres of Business Communication', 'This course explores the genres of communication in business and other organizations. Students will study and produce instances from several of the following: reports (of several kinds), letters, email messages, marketing materials, public relations materials, and any other types of organizational communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'ENGL', '005104', 'UG', 'Canadian Children''s Literature', 'A study of 19th- and 20th-century Canadian literature for children.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ENGL', '005120', 'UG', 'Literary Theory and Criticism', 'What exactly are we doing when we study literature? By examining a selection of critical methods and theoretical approaches, this course will enhance understanding of the many different emphases, values, and priorities critics bring to literature, and the many available perspectives on what constitutes literature''s significance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 251A, ENGL 251B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ENGL', '005122', 'UG', 'Rhetorical Theory and Criticism', 'This course provides a survey of the multidisciplinary field of rhetorical studies. In addition to introducing key concepts, theoretical frameworks, and critical debates, this course examines the role of rhetoric in a range of academic disciplines and social contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305A', 'ENGL', '005124', 'UG', 'Old English Language and Literature', 'An introduction to the English language in its earliest form, and study of selected prose and poetry from pre-Conquest England in the original language, with attention to historical, cultural, and religious contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305B', 'ENGL', '005125', 'UG', 'The Age of Beowulf', 'A study of the earliest English literature in translation. The heroic epic Beowulf will be studied in depth, along with a selection of Old English poetry and prose, such as lyrics, riddles, and historical and religious writing.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306A', 'ENGL', '005126', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'Introduction to linguistics and the principles of linguistic analysis through an examination of English phonology, forms, syntax, and discourse.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306B', 'ENGL', '005127', 'UG', 'How English Grammar Works', 'This course analyzes English grammar structures, \"grammar rules,\" and the reasoning behind them. The course then examines English-language change, and considers grammar in pedagogical and multicultural contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306D', 'ENGL', '005129', 'UG', 'The History of the English Language', 'This course explores the history of the English language, from Anglo-Saxon dialects (\"Old English\"), through the combining of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, its evolution in medieval and early modern Britain, up to its transformation within multilingual and multicultural contexts. The course examines not only the evolving vocabulary and grammar of the language, but also its social history.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306F', 'ENGL', '005131', 'UG', 'Introduction to Semiotics', 'A study of systems of signs, codes, and signification in language, culture, and literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309A', 'ENGL', '005133', 'UG', 'Rhetoric, Classical to Enlightenment', 'A study of rhetorical theories from antiquity through the Renaissance to the 18th century, with an emphasis on how these theories reflect changing attitudes towards language, society, and the self.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 309B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309C', 'ENGL', '005135', 'UG', 'Contemporary Rhetoric', 'An examination of contemporary rhetorical theory and its relationships to criticism, interdisciplinary studies, and digital applications.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306G', 'ENGL', '005136', 'UG', 'Critical Discourse Analysis', 'This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of critical discourse analysis (CDA), the close study of language and its effects in social context. Students will learn to apply discourse-analytical tools to a wide range of texts, conversations, images, and other artifacts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309E', 'ENGL', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A English Rhetoric and Professional Writing or English Rhetoric, Media, and Professional Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'SPCOM', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310A', 'ENGL', '005139', 'UG', 'Chaucer 1', 'An introduction to the poetry and the prose translations of Geoffrey Chaucer, including his dream allegories, \"Troilus and Criseyde,\" and related compositions.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310B', 'ENGL', '005140', 'UG', 'Chaucer 2', 'A study of Geoffrey Chaucer''s \"Canterbury Tales\".', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310C', 'ENGL', '005141', 'UG', 'Non-Chaucerian Middle English Literature', 'Non-Chaucerian English writings during the later Middle Ages; the Middle English romance, including \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; alliterative literature, such as \"Piers Plowman\"; and representative examples of Middle English non-Chaucerian verse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ENGL', '005145', 'UG', 'Early Canadian Literatures', 'This course examines a selection of pre-1920 Canadian texts concerning first contact, imperialism, colonization, incipient nationhood, and early multi-racial immigration that participate in the ongoing invention of Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ENGL', '005147', 'UG', 'Modern Canadian Literature', 'This course focuses on the varied ways in which 20th-century writers of poetry and prose participate in the shaping of Canadian literary culture, with emphasis on the literature of the middle decades.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'ENGL', '005148', 'UG', 'Canadian Drama', 'This course explores traditions and experiments in Canadian drama through an analysis of Canadian plays, especially those from 1960 to the present, in their historical and theatrical contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ENGL', '005150', 'UG', 'Contemporary Canadian Literature', 'This course examines Canadian Literature written in the latter decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century. Literary works are studied in relation to relevant contemporary social, cultural and political topics, such as nationalism, indigeneity, multiculturalism, and diaspora.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330A', 'ENGL', '005152', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of short poems by such writers as Wyatt, Gascoigne, Whitney, Ralegh, Spenser, the Sidneys, Shakespeare, and Donne.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330B', 'ENGL', '005153', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 2', 'A study of selected genres, topics, and works from Tudor literature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335', 'ENGL', '005155', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 1', 'Designed to assist students with an interest in developing their creative writing skills in various genres, this course consists of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'ENGL', '005156', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 2', 'This course is designed to assist advanced creative writers in developing a body of work in one or more genres by means of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques. [Note: Admission by portfolio review]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A and ENGL 335', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'ENGL', '005157', 'UG', 'American Literature 1860-1910', 'A survey of literary developments in America from the Civil War through the turn of the 20th century, including significant movements of the period such as realism, regionalism, and naturalism; the New Woman''s writing and other developments in women''s literatures; popular forms such as the Western; and minority literatures.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('344', 'ENGL', '005158', 'UG', 'Modern American Literature', 'A study of American Literature from the early twentieth century through the second world war, emphasizing aesthetic innovation in the modernist movement, and its aftermath in the social writings of the 1930s.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ENGL', '005159', 'UG', 'American Literature in a Global Context', 'A study of the ways in which movements of peoples and cultures have shaped American literature. Topics may include colonialism, immigration and migration, literary influence across borders and languages, nativism and internationalism, racial and ethnic styles and exchanges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'ENGL', '005162', 'UG', 'American Literature Since 1945', 'A study of the movements of American Literature following the second world war. The course will consider the formal and cultural diversity of writing in this period, with attention to topics such as avant-garde experiment, the persistence of realism, counter-cultural politics, feminism and literature, postmodernism, and the emergence of minority writers in the mainstream.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350A', 'ENGL', '005164', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of literature by such writers as Jonson, Donne, Wroth, Herbert, Bacon, Milton, Behn, and Dryden.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350B', 'ENGL', '005165', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 2', 'An intensive study of Milton''s epic, Paradise Lost, in its historical and literary contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ENGL', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'THPERF', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ENGL', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'THPERF', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ENGL', '005168', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide an in-depth study of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('366', 'ENGL', '005169', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide a study in-depth of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'ENGL', '005175', 'UG', 'Information Design', 'The theory and practice of design for print and digital media, including the study of design concepts such as space, colour, typography, interactivity, immersion, motion, and presence. Students produce designs using professional software tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'ENGL', '005176', 'UG', 'Visual Rhetoric', 'This course introduces students to the study of images from a rhetorical perspective, including the interaction of texts and images in such professional writing fields as advertising, book illustration, technical documentation, journalism, and public relations. Issues may include visual and textual literacy, the semiotics and rhetoric of design, and the ideological basis of social communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408A', 'ENGL', '005177', 'UG', 'Writing for the Media', 'This course examines the genres and strategies of both journalism and public relations. With a strong orientation towards rhetorical and linguistic theories, this course will cover audience concerns from both within and outside organizations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408B', 'ENGL', '005178', 'UG', 'The Discourse of Advertising', 'This course introduces students to writing and editing advertising copy. Students will also be introduced to models of discourse and rhetorical analysis of advertising texts. Assignments include creating a portfolio of advertising copy and an extensive analysis of sample advertising discourse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408C', 'ENGL', '005179', 'UG', 'The Rhetoric of Digital Design: Theory and Practice', 'Students apply a variety of analytic perspectives - design discourse, multimodal discourse, rhetorical theory, social semiotics - to the design and production of a major digital project (or compilation of projects) using professional software and hardware tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'ENGL', '005185', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 1', 'An examination of the first generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Barbauld, Blake, Wollstonecraft, Wordsworth, and Coleridge.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'ENGL', '005186', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 2', 'An examination of the second generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Byron, P. B. Shelley, Mary Shelley, Keats, and Hemans.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451A', 'ENGL', '005190', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 1', 'A critical study of early to mid-Victorian literature, including authors such as Carlyle, Arnold, Tennyson, the Brontës, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Gaskell, Ruskin, and Dickens. Topics may include liberty, work, gender, class, imperialism, and poetry.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451B', 'ENGL', '005191', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 2', 'A critical study of mid to late Victorian literature, including authors such as Christina Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, George Eliot, Newman, Hopkins, Michael Field, Wilde, and Hardy. Topics may include the \"Woman Question,\" the crisis in religious faith, and aestheticism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460A', 'ENGL', '005192', 'UG', 'Early Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom before and after World War I, including such writers as Conrad, Forster, Hopkins, Mansfield, Shaw, Synge, Wilde, and Yeats.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460B', 'ENGL', '005193', 'UG', 'Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland from World War I to World War II, including such writers as Auden, Eliot, Isherwood, Joyce, Lawrence, Orwell, West, and Woolf.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460C', 'ENGL', '005194', 'UG', 'Literature of the Postwar Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland after World War II, including such writers as Beckett, Greene, Larkin, Murdoch, Osborne, Pinter, and Spark.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470A', 'ENGL', '005195', 'UG', 'Contemporary Critical Theory', 'Contemporary critical theory offers an array of competing constructions of text and culture. This course examines several topics in recent critical theory, such as gender, race, subjectivity, textuality, and popular culture.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470B', 'ENGL', '005196', 'UG', 'History of Literary Criticism', 'An historical survey of major critical texts and movements from the Greek and Roman classics to the New Criticism of the mid-20th century, examining different critical theories and practices in a context of cultural changes.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470C', 'ENGL', '005197', 'UG', 'Literary Studies in Digital Forms', 'A critical examination of literary publication, research, and criticism in digital forms.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495A', 'ENGL', '005223', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision. [Note: A grade for ENGL 495A will be submitted only after the completion of ENGL 495B.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495B', 'ENGL', '005224', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision.', 'Prereq: ENGL 495A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ENVE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), résumé writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'GEOE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), résumé writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'ENVE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'GEOE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'ENVE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2B Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'GEOE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ENVE', '005239', 'UG', 'Environmental Chemistry', 'Overview of risk, biosphere compartments and contaminant fate. Composition of water. Electroneutrality and activity. Reactions and speciation including reaction kinetics, mass transfer, vapor pressure, equilibrium, and chemical thermodynamics. Equilibrium chemistry including Log-concentration diagrams, titration and buffering intensity, dissolution/precipitation, carbonate system, hardness, and complex formation. Classification, nomenclature, physical/chemical parameters and partitioning of organic compounds. Basic redox chemistry including: half cell reactions, Faraday and Nernst equations, and pE-pH diagrams. Four labs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; 2A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ENVE', '005244', 'UG', 'Lab Analysis and Field Sampling Techniques', 'An introduction to the fundamental concepts of physical and chemical measurement of the environment. Review of basic statistics, quality assurance and control, sources of error, seasonal effects, sample preservation. Practical and essential elements of water, soil and air sampling. Introduction to measurement techniques including: colorimetry, chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemical probes, remote sensing. Design of monitoring strategies, and use of methods to assess validity of laboratory data. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 3A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ENVE', '005248', 'UG', 'Physico-Chemical Processes', 'Fundamentals of coagulation, flocculation, clarification, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, air stripping, membrane technologies, chemical reduction/oxidation, and disinfection processes with applications to natural and various engineered systems. Quantitative analysis and design of processes and applications to the treatment of drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, groundwater and soils. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, ENVE 280; 3A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ENVE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'ENVE', '005253', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent environmental engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in an environmental engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (ENVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, ENVE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVE', '005254', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ENVE 400. The final design of the major environmental engineering project proposed in ENVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in ENVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('573', 'ENVE', '005256', 'UG', 'Contaminant Transport', 'Importance and complications associated with environmental modelling, the model building process, limitations, and measures of success. Types of contaminants; transport phenomena with a focus on advection-dispersive transport; development of governing equations; types and utility of boundary and initial conditions; and mass balance considerations. Review of completely mixed systems including lakes, streams, source functions, feedback systems, and toxic substance models. Model calibration, sensitivity, and uncertainty; methods and approaches. Solute transport models and solution techniques including random walk, method of characteristics, finite difference method and finite volume method. Aspects of multiphase flow (gas/water and NAPL/water systems) with an emphasis on groundwater problems. Introduction to mass removal technologies for remediation of soil and groundwater systems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 225, 375; (Level at least 3B Environmental Engineering) or (4B Chemical, Civil, or Geological Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('577', 'ENVE', '005257', 'UG', 'Engineering for Solid Waste Management', 'The engineering aspects of solid waste management are examined. Attention is given to the engineering design and operational aspects of the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in landfill site. Design of natural attenuation sites and system reliability features for landfill designs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('178', 'ENVS', '005261', 'UG', 'Environmental Applications of Data Management and Statistics', 'This course introduces techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research, including descriptive statistics (measures of centre, variation and shape, and measures of association between two variables), statistical research designs, sampling theory, and fundamental probability theory for inferential statistics. The course also develops skills in using statistical software for data display and analysis.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('195', 'ENVS', '005262', 'UG', 'Introduction to Environmental Studies', 'This course introduces the field of environmental studies through an exploration of environmental issues that contribute to crises and challenges at the global, national and local levels. The course provides an overview of human ecological aspects of environmental studies from an inter-cultural and global perspective, and offers an integrative framework for understanding them.', 'Antireq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'ENVS', '005263', 'UG', 'Field Ecology', 'Introduces the main concepts and principles of ecology; the cycling of elements; energetics and structural organization of major ecological systems; population dynamics; impact of natural resource management practices and urban and industrial development on the environment; incorporating environmental quality considerations into development activities. The lab sessions include field trips to study natural and disturbed ecosystems, urban and applied ecology. [Note: Field trip fee normally $30+HST; will not exceed $60+HST. WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENVS', '005264', 'UG', 'Introduction to Canadian Environmental Law', 'Introduction to the basic legal framework that regulates the natural environment in Canada. The course provides students with an understanding of the foundational legal institutions in Canada and their respective roles in environmental regulation. The course includes both public and private law approaches to environmental regulation, and covers the principal regulatory tools used to protect the environment.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ENBUS', '005265', 'UG', 'Environmental Management Systems', 'The examination and evaluation of environmental management systems such as ISO 14001. Alternate EMS systems will be compared and reviewed to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses. Case studies will be used to illustrate the ideas presented.', 'Prereq: ENBUS 102; Accounting and Financial Management or Environment and Business students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ENVS', '005266', 'UG', 'Ecological Economics', 'Evaluation of various economic approaches to the environment. The links between economics, systems and the natural environment will be explored and future directions examined.', 'Antireq: SFM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('278', 'ENVS', '005271', 'UG', 'Applied Statistics for Environmental Research', 'This course examines further techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research. It builds upon ENVS 178, with a focus on inferential statistics, including sampling distributions, confidence intervals, parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests, and linear regression models. It further develops skills in using statistical software for data analysis and modeling of environmental data.', 'Prereq: ENVS 178; Environment students only. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, SDS 250R, PSCI 314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC 280, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'ENVS', '005290', 'UG', 'Study Abroad', 'Study abroad for academic transfer credit under a Faculty of Environment Exchange Program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVS', '005294', 'UG', 'Canadian Law, Indigenous Peoples, and Natural Resource Development', 'The course examines the historical development of the constitutional relationship between the Crown (the Canadian and provincial governments) and Indigenous Peoples, and the current impact of this constitutional relationship on the development of resources in Canada. Particular focus will be paid to the judicial development of Aboriginal rights and Aboriginal title, the duty to consult and accommodate Indigenous Peoples in the context of resource development, and the future trajectory of the relationship between the Crown, Indigenous Peoples, and resource developers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'REC', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'ENVS', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('469', 'ENVS', '005302', 'UG', 'Landscape Ecology, Restoration and Rehabilitation', 'Survey of the major concepts and theories of landscape ecology. Application of these concepts to case studies in restoration and/or rehabilitation. Interaction with professionals from government, NGOs or private industry on ecological issues will also be part of the course. The course includes a practical component on the planning of ecological restoration or rehabilitation projects. [Note: Field trip fee based on destination; will not exceed $100+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: ERS 335; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ERS', '005304', 'UG', 'Foundations: Environment, Resources and Sustainability', 'Introduces analytical approaches for problem definition and problem solving that are appropriate for a wide range of environment and resource issues. Considers the limitations of approaches that perceive and attempt to manage issues as isolated phenomena. Also examines alternative approaches that recognize the broader context and underlying roots in ethical positions and ecological, economic, and institutional systems.', 'Prereq: Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'ERS', '005311', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 1', 'An introduction to processes and techniques for incorporating environmental considerations in planning and evaluating proposals for future undertakings that may have significant social and biophysical effects. The course provides an overview of methodologies for, and controversies surrounding, the design and conduct of biophysical and socioeconomic impact studies, and the testing of reported findings. The main focus is on the purposes and design of environmental assessment processes, with particular reference to the Canadian federal and Ontario provincial legal mandates, and the evolution of assessment into a sustainability framework.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'ERS', '005312', 'UG', 'Introduction to Sustainable Agroecosystems', 'This course introduces and discusses the fundamental concepts of agroecology, the integration of agriculture and society, and the transition to sustainability. Topics include the impact of biotic and abiotic factors - including the use of genetically modified organisms - on crops, soil, and the agroecosystems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ERS', '005313', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering in that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ERS', '005326', 'UG', 'Ecological Monitoring', 'Through online readings and a 10-day field trip, this course provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of ecological monitoring through active participation in programs applying protocols developed by the Smithsonian Institute/Man and the Biosphere Program. The course is a collaborative effort with professional staff from selected governmental agencies, and independent organizations. [Note: Field trip fee normally $750+HST; will not exceed $1000+HST. Offered: After spring examinations, prior to the fall term.]', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'ERS', '005332', 'UG', 'Waste Management', 'This course will deal with the solid waste system, landfilling, incineration, energy from waste, recycling, composting, reduction and reuse. The context will be primarily Ontario and municipal waste management.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ERS', '005339', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 2', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215, this course places more emphasis on case studies and projects by students. The course provides a synthesis of ecological, physical, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional concerns, as well as experience in the use of impact assessment methodologies and approaches, as a key element in achieving more informed and responsible decision making.', 'Prereq: ERS 215; ENVS 200 or International Development students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'ERS', '005342', 'UG', 'Communities and Sustainability', 'Exploration of the interconnected roles that communities at various scales\ncan play in a transition towards sustainability. Examination of structures, options, initiatives, and decision-making processes involving a wide range of concerns, opportunities, and applications. Illustrative cases include largely urban communities, the urban periphery, and the broader influences that affect them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'ERS', '005345', 'UG', 'Corporate Sustainability: Issues and Prospects', 'A course that examines the ways in which sustainability issues and business operations have interacted, considering progressively ''greener'' corporate responses and broader sustainability challenges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B; Not open to Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ERS', '005346', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ERS', '005370', 'UG', 'Social Ecological Systems Analysis', 'This course provides an opportunity to learn and begin to apply systems-based tools in the context of an interdisciplinary research problem defined by the student in cooperation with the teaching-team. Students are provided with an introduction to the conceptual tools of systems thinking and resilience that help understand the dynamics of social change and social innovation. These conceptual tools will then be applied by students to provide a framework for interdisciplinary research and to develop a richer understanding of a case study of fostering social change and building adaptive capacity.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only; Antireq: ERS 311', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'ERS', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PSCI', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'ERS', '005386', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 3', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215 and ERS 315, this course will focus on the latest concepts and applications of assessment principles and practices. The course focus will vary from year to year following development in the field. Topics may include assessment into land use planning and community design, policy and program assessment, and assessment of new technologies and alternative futures.', 'Prereq: ERS 315', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ERS', '005388', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403A', 'ERS', '005401', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is for students who have defined a problem, which fits within the scope of research in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. ERS 403A normally leads to the production of a research proposal and the beginning of the research tasks; this process may vary slightly, depending on the nature of the research. The research process and thesis write-up will continue and be concluded in ERS 403B. [Note: Students who wish to take this course should begin intensive planning and discussion with potential advisors in a field relevant to their intended research 6-12 months prior to the course. Students must secure agreement with a professor in SERS to act as the thesis advisor no later than 4 months prior to the start of the course. Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403B', 'ERS', '005402', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is a continuation of ERS 403A. It normally consists of a continuation of the research process that began in ERS 403A and leads to the completion of the research and the thesis write-up. It is for students who have defined a problem related to the mission and scope of the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. The procedures outlined in ERS 403A must be followed. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'FINE', '005422', 'UG', 'Modern Art: 1874-1945', 'A study of the culture of Europe and North America from 1874 (Impressionism) to 1945 (Nazi propaganda) with particular focus on the visual arts. Topics such as primitivism, Cubism, abstraction, artists'' reactions to calamitous world events such as World War 1, and various methodologies, including semiotic and Marxist analyses, will be explored through reading and writing assignments. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'FINE', '005425', 'UG', 'Art: 1780-1875', 'A study of art and architecture in European and American culture between 1780 and 1875. Some of the pertinent themes discussed include art and revolutions, art and the Industrial Revolution, the rise of landscape painting, the urban environment, the exotic, and the erotic. Cross-cultural influences and the complex relationship between the traditional and the ''modern'' are particularly emphasized. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'FINE', '005427', 'UG', 'Renaissance Art: 1300-1500', 'An examination of the art of the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe. Amongst the many themes that will be explored in this course are mediums (including exploitation of oil paint), scientific perspective, humanism, court structures, art and mercantile sectors, and prominent collectors. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'FINE', '005429', 'UG', 'Art of the 16th Century in Europe', 'Some of the finest works of art in the western world were produced and some of the most successful artists flourished in this tumultuous century that saw the split in the western Christian Church and the continued rise of extraordinarily powerful court families and monarchs. This course will examine these works of art and the artists against this backdrop. Arranged according to patrons, the course also examines particular stylistic trends (Mannerism, the persistence of the Gothic, etc.) as well as other pertinent issues such as collecting, the writing of art history, the teaching of art, and the role of the artist in society. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('214', 'FINE', '005430', 'UG', 'Visual Culture of Medieval Europe', 'This course explores the visual culture of medieval Europe from the fourth century to the 13th century. The primary focus of this course is the dynamic intersection of cultures and faiths with particular emphasis on emergent and evolving Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, as expressed in architecture, sculpture, manuscripts, metalwork, textiles, and more. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'FINE', '005431', 'UG', 'Art of the 17th Century in Europe', 'Art of the 17th century. This course focuses on art produced in Italy, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Various types of art (history painting, portraiture, still life, etc.) and architecture (churches, palaces, city homes, etc.) are discussed in relation to the primary political, religious, and societal concerns that characterize the different geographical regions. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'FINE', '005435', 'UG', 'Oil Painting', 'Various technical methodologies of oil painting and pictorial composition are developed in this course through a series of explorations in observation and abstraction. The plurality of approaches available to painters today is set within a contemporary critical context. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'FINE', '005438', 'UG', 'Acrylic and Mixed Media', 'This course takes a materially specific approach to painting projects involving acrylic and mixed media. Emphasis is placed on creative problem solving in the context of contemporary art practice. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'FINE', '005439', 'UG', 'Principles of Sculpture', 'This studio course is designed to introduce students to a variety of traditional and contemporary approaches, materials, processes, and conceptual concerns related to working in sculpture. Through demonstrations, presentations, critiques, and discussions, students gain expertise and develop a sculptural vocabulary. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'FINE', '005440', 'UG', 'Methods and Materials of Sculpture', 'This studio course emphasizes practical applications of traditional and contemporary materials, processes, and conceptual concerns. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'FINE', '005441', 'UG', 'Clay Studies', 'Students will explore the creative development of clay and examine cultural, historical, and personal modes of expression using a variety of construction techniques. Students will explore figurative and abstract sculptural concepts to develop a working knowledge of clay as a sculptural medium. The emphasis is on design, form, and visual thinking. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'FINE', '005442', 'UG', 'Expressive Drawing', 'Expressive drawing techniques are emphasized through study with the life model. Conceptual drawing projects provide the student with the opportunity to produce bodies of work. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'FINE', '005443', 'UG', 'Observational Drawing', 'Observational techniques are used to develop an understanding of the principles and concepts of drawing practice. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'FINE', '005445', 'UG', 'Printmaking', 'Students are introduced to a variety of printmaking processes. Techniques explored include etching, engraving, monoprinting, collograph, and lithography. Training in traditional skills is combined with opportunities for individual expression. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'FINE', '005452', 'UG', 'Design and Imaging', 'In this course students will explore the fundamentals of design through a series of exercises and assignments that cultivate artistic expression and technical skill. Through an exploration of both analogue and digital processes, students will learn to apply the principles of aesthetic design to a variety of contexts, including two-dimensional space, three-dimensional form, and digital frameworks. [Note: Studio course. Previous experience with digital imaging software is useful.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100 or 130; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone. Antireq: DAC 201; GBDA 101; FINE 228/GBDA 228 taken prior to fall 2017', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'FINE', '005453', 'UG', 'Analogue and Digital Photography', 'Students will explore black and white analogue (film) and digital photography techniques and history, taught through a series of exercises, with an emphasis on fine arts practice. [Note: Studio course. Students are required to own or have access to a fully manual 35mm film camera and/or digital camera.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'RS', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FINE', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'RS', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'FINE', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'FINE', '005475', 'UG', 'Art and Gender', 'A study of selected themes dealing with gender in the history of art: e.g., the representation of the human body; portrayal of mythological, spiritual, and allegorical figures; professional and amateur artists and their status within societies; etc. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'FINE', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CLAS', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'FINE', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'CLAS', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'FINE', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'INDG', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'FINE', '005485', 'UG', 'Contemporary Art', 'A survey of contemporary international art movements with emphasis on work since 1970. Readings in contemporary criticism and gallery visits are an integral part of the course. [Note: Art History course. To be taken in 2B.]', 'Prereq: VCULT/FINE 101; FINE 112, 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'FINE', '005499', 'UG', 'Topics Course in Museums, Galleries, Curatorship', 'Often taught by the University of Waterloo Curator, this course explores a range of topics dealing with museums, galleries, and curatorial practices. Field visits may be a required component of this course. [Note: A field trip fee of up to $100 may be required. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'FINE', '005500', 'UG', 'Art of the 18th Century in Europe', 'This course is designed to introduce students to the culture of 18th-century Europe. Particular attention is paid to France and Britain but these countries are discussed within the wider context of Europe and, at times, much of the world. By looking at the art, artists, patrons, and collectors, some of the issues that will be discussed include cosmopolitanism, nationalism, empire-building, \"taste\", consumerism, and women in society. [Note: Art History course. Formerly FINE 331]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: FINE 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FINE', '005501', 'UG', 'History of Art Academies', 'This course examines the history of the institutionalization of the teaching of art. The course is organized as a series of case studies dealing with various formal academies of art and less formal gatherings of artists from the Renaissance to the 20th century. The aims of the course are to analyze why these institutions were formed, how they were organized, what were their mandates, and what was their status in their contemporary worlds. Some of the themes that will be investigated throughout the course include: art in the service of power and politics, the status of the artist, the ideal human form, the classical and medieval traditions, the impact of the avant-garde, the conflict with authority, and the academy as community. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Fine Arts or History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'FINE', '005523', 'UG', 'Technology Art Studio', 'This unique upper-level course is focused on interdisciplinary collaboration. Students work in teams to create aesthetically and technically engaging works of art that bridge the worlds of fine art and engineering. Students learn about conceptual development and critical analysis, prototyping, iterative design, and interactivity. The course provides the opportunity for students to share knowledge and develop skills outside of their discipline. Through lectures and presentations students are exposed to a history of art that uses different forms of technology and interactivity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'FINE', '005533', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 1', 'This thesis course involves an intensive exploration and development of individual studio research through practice and experimentation, resulting in the production of a significant body of work. Students will be guided by the work of relevant artists and theorists. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FINE', '005534', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 2', 'This thesis course will continue to guide students in the development of their individual studio research as they work towards completion of a significant body of work supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'FINE', '005535', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 1', 'This course provides Fine Arts students with an opportunity to study a range of topics that will explore, expand, and refine personal areas of interest in studio practice. Students will be required to undertake a range of classroom assignments in addition to working independently on an area of focus. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts faculty.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'FINE', '005536', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 2', 'Students will research and execute a series of self-directed projects, addressing historical precedents in the context of the concerns of contemporary art practice, and supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts Faculty.', 'Prereq: FINE 474', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('151', 'FR', '005547', 'UG', 'Basic French 1', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French not exceeding Year Two (Grade 10 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: One of FR 101, Ontario Grade 9 or 10 French. Antireq: FR 152, FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 11 French, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('152', 'FR', '005548', 'UG', 'Basic French 2', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French, not exceeding Year Three (Grade 11 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: FR 151 or Ontario Grade 11 French. Antireq: FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192A', 'FR', '005551', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 1', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: One of FR 152, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French. Antireq: FR 192B; High school Immersion or Extended French; near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192B', 'FR', '005552', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 2', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: High school Immersion French or Extended French or FR 192A. Antireq: Near-native or native ability in French.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'FR', '005565', 'UG', 'Introduction to Phonetics of French', 'An introduction to the structure of the French sound system with a view to improving pronunciation. Careful attention will be paid to the individual student''s difficulties.', 'Prereq: FR 192A or 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'FR', '005579', 'UG', 'Intermediate Spoken French', 'A course intended to develop the oral and aural skills. [Note: Formerly FR 250A]', 'Coreq: FR 192B. Antireq: FR 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'FR', '005580', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 1', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FR', '005582', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 2', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'FR', '005586', 'UG', 'Business French 1', 'A French language course designed to enable the student to carry on standard business practice in spoken and written French.', 'Prereq: Two of FR 192A, 192B, 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'FR', '005593', 'UG', 'French Civilization 1', 'This course traces the cultural development of France from its origin to the French Revolution. Emphasis is given to the study of music, art, architecture, literature, ideas, and daily life in their historical context. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'FR', '005594', 'UG', 'French Civilization 2', 'This course completes the study of the cultural development of France from the French Revolution to the present. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'FR', '005601', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'An introduction to the basic principles of linguistic analysis (as opposed to traditional grammar) applied to the sounds, vocabulary and sentence structure of contemporary standard French and certain features of current Canadian French. Students'' language learning needs will be an important feature of the course.', 'Prereq: FR 251 or 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FR', '005605', 'UG', '17th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 17th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'FR', '005609', 'UG', '18th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 18th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'FR', '005613', 'UG', 'French Language 3', 'Intensive development of writing skills through a study of stylistics and advanced composition.', 'Prereq: FR 251, 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'FR', '005616', 'UG', '19th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 19th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'FR', '005619', 'UG', '20th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 20th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'FR', '005625', 'UG', 'Quebec Literature', 'A study of selected texts by modern French-Canadian authors.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399A', 'FR', '005634', 'UG', 'Independent Cultural Study', 'An independent study course, in which the student chooses an area of French life on which to make a detailed study (topic must be approved by the department). A written cultural studies report is submitted, on which the student is examined orally.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'FR', '005635', 'UG', 'Advanced Translation', 'Intensive development of advanced comparative stylistics, translation, and composition skills.', 'Prereq: FR 353; one of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'FR', '005640', 'UG', 'Topics in Linguistics', 'A study of selected topics in linguistics. Topics will be chosen by the professor according to their area of specialization. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 203 or FR 303', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('410', 'FR', '005642', 'UG', 'Medieval French Literature', 'An introduction to French literature of the Middle Ages through the study of representative texts.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'FR', '005648', 'UG', '16th-Century French Literature', 'A focused study of a particular theme of Renaissance (1500-1600) writing.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'FR', '005651', 'UG', 'Advanced French Language', 'Intensive study of French composition, style, and grammar.', 'Prereq: One of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'FR', '005652', 'UG', 'Francophone Literatures in Canada', 'A detailed study of a selected genre or aspect of French-Canadian literature.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FR', '005653', 'UG', 'Aspects of French Canada', 'A presentation of traditional and contemporary French Canada in the fields of the arts, literature, music, politics, and society.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'FR', '005657', 'UG', 'Children''s Literature in French', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of French and French-Canadian children''s literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'FR', '005658', 'UG', 'French Women Writers', 'A study of selected works by women writers in France from the Middle Ages to the 21st-century. The course will focus on the literary features of these works and on their value as reflections of the position of women in French society throughout the period.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'FR', '005660', 'UG', 'African and Caribbean French Literature', 'A detailed survey of selected Francophone writers from outside Europe and Canada.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'FR', '005661', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'FR', '005662', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'MTE', '005779', 'UG', 'Digital Computation', 'Introduction to electronic digital computers, hardware and software organization, examples of efficient numerical algorithms for basic scientific computations. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CHE 121, CIVE 121, ECE 150, GENE 121, ME 101, MSCI 121, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'GENE', '005780', 'UG', 'Electrical Circuits and Instrumentation', 'Charge, current and voltage. Voltage and current sources, resistors, capacitors and inductors. Ohm''s Law, Kirchhoff''s Laws, nodal analysis, Thevenin and Norton models, instrumentation amplifier circuits, time response, impedance. Function and characteristics of basic electrical transducers. Resolution, precision and accuracy. Basics of data acquisition. [Note: Normally labs are held alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, Management or Mechanical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'GENE', '005786', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'GENE', '005787', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GENE', '005788', 'UG', 'International Studies in Engineering', 'Engineering students register for this course for credit towards the International Studies in Engineering Option upon return from study or work terms abroad. Credit will be assessed on the basis of a written report and individual interviews. The report may include technical, non-technical, and professional aspects of the foreign residence experience. It may discuss socio-economic aspects of life in the foreign country, and it may compare and contrast conditions in the country or countries involved in the student''s international experiences, or trace the social or political histories of those countries. In all cases the report must include materials addressed to the needs of other students considering a similar experience. The instructor for this course is the Option co-ordinator. Restricted to students who intend to complete the International Studies in Engineering Option. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'GENE', '005789', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GENE', '005807', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GENE', '005809', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'GENE', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Engineering students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PHIL', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'GENE', '005812', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'MSCI', '005813', 'UG', 'Technical Entrepreneurship', 'Technical entrepreneurship is examined considering the role of independent business, entrepreneurial behaviour, types of business and enterprises, business structure, sources of venture concepts and capital, company operation and control, and business start up. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('501', 'GENE', '005816', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('502', 'GENE', '005817', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('503', 'GENE', '005818', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GEOE', '005820', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent geological engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a geological engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (GEOE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, GENE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GEOE', '005821', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of GEOE 400. The final design of the major geological engineering project proposed in GEOE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in GEOE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GEOG', '005823', 'UG', 'Human Geographies: People, Space and Change', 'An introduction to human geography through key subfields of the discipline, examining population change, the rise of cities, our relationship to nature, social inequalities, economic forms, cultural difference and environmental change at the local and global scale.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GEOG', '005824', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Systems: Processes and Change', 'An introductory course in the study of the energy and mass flows that impact the climate and landscape of the Earth system. There is focus on understanding processes of change and variability as well as the impacts of humans on these systems that increasingly define the Anthropocene.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305', 'GEOG', '005834', 'UG', 'Fluvial Geomorphology', 'Emphasis on concepts related to fluvial processes, river mechanics, the relationship between environmental change and river regime. Selected topics include fluvial processes and landscape formation, flow and sediment regimes, channel processes, form and behaviour, river response to natural and anthropogenic change, and river management. [Note: Formerly GEOG 201]', 'Prereq: GEOG 205 or ENVS 274 001 F19 or level at least 2A Environmental Sciences, Water Science Specialization students. Antireq: GEOG 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GEOG', '005839', 'UG', 'Geography of the Global Economy', 'An introduction to globalization of the world economy through an examination of its causes, patterns, and consequences in a variety of geographic contexts.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101 or ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'GEOG', '005895', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and the Southern Ontario Environment', 'Study of the origin and evolution of landforms with emphasis on southern Ontario. Analysis of geomorphic processes. Study of human impact on geomorphological landscapes. The lectures will be supplemented by field trips and field work required for term projects. [Note: Field trip fee normally $55+HST; will not exceed $75+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 201/305 or 209; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GEOG', '005898', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrology', 'Fundamental processes in physical hydrology are addressed. Components of the water balance are examined to determine the nature of their variation in time and space. Precipitation, interception, infiltration, groundwater and soil water processes, evapotranspiration, runoff and storage will be examined from a theoretical and practical viewpoint, and their linkages demonstrated by lab and fieldwork. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'GEOG', '005902', 'UG', 'Physical Climatology', 'Principles of physical climatology with emphasis on regional and global change and variability. Topics include radiation and energy balances, general circulation patterns, synoptic development and micro-climatology.', 'Prereq: GEOG 102 or EARTH 121 or Science and Aviation plans', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'GEOG', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PLAN', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'GEOG', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PLAN', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'GEOG', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'PLAN', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GEOG', '005911', 'UG', 'Geographical Study of Canada', 'An exploration of the geographical bases of Canada''s regional identity. How physical, demographic, and economic geographies have combined to create unique regions within Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'GEOG', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 230, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('383', 'REC', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 280, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'GEOG', '005924', 'UG', 'Settlements of Rural Canada', 'An historical perspective is used to explore the shifting identities of Canada''s dispersed and nucleated rural settlements. Rural growth, decline and restructuring are examined, including a discussion of how various intervention approaches stimulate changes.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GEOG', '005934', 'UG', 'Geography of Transportation', 'Focuses on Canadian transportation systems and issues and is organized into three modules: links between transportation and regional economic development, urban land use - transportation interactions, and sustainable transportation. Approximately one-quarter of the course focuses on analytic techniques including network analysis, category analysis, and the gravity model. Particular attention is paid to trends in air travel and related issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Geography, Geomatics, Planning, or Science and Aviation students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'GEOG', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'PLAN', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'GEOG', '005945', 'UG', 'Resources Management', 'Reviews selected theories, methods, and terminology related to economic, behavioural, institutional and decision-making aspects of resources and environmental problems.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 2B Faculty of Environment students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOG', '005978', 'UG', 'Field Research', 'Field research course in which a specific area will be analyzed from a geographic point of view. Individual or group analysis of specific field problems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $50+HST; will not exceed $150+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293 or GEOG 294; ENVS 278. Antireq: GEOG 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'GEOG', '005982', 'UG', 'Approaches to Research in Human Geography', 'This course develops student skills in the area of research in human geography emphasizing all aspects of design, measurement, and evaluation with a particular emphasis on personal transferable skills (e.g., oral and written communication, working as part of a team). [Note: Formerly GEOG 393]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Geography and Environmental Management, Geography and Aviation, or Geomatics students only. Antireq: GEOG 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('405', 'GEOG', '005992', 'UG', 'Wetlands', 'Basic concepts on the distribution, classification, development, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of wetlands with an emphasis on temperate and boreal/subarctic systems. Human impacts, restoration and reclamation of wetlands are considered with the view of wetlands as functional ecosystems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123 and ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'GEOG', '005994', 'UG', 'Environmental Hydrology of Terrestrial Ecosystems', 'This course focuses on ecological and biogeochemical processes that are linked to the terrestrial hydrological cycle and how these relate to the management of natural resources. The objectives of this interdisciplinary course are to explore topics that integrate ecosystem processes with physical hydrology and examine the impacts of human activities on ecohydrological and hydrochemical processes within terrestrial systems. This course focusses on the storage and movement of water, solutes and nutrients within selected ecosystems (forests, agricultural, wetlands), considering the biogeochemical consequences of human activity such as climate change, wetland drainage, agriculture, and forest harvesting. [Note: WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('409', 'GEOG', '005996', 'UG', 'Energy Balance Climatology', 'A field and lecture course including the radiation and energy balances of various surfaces, the principles of turbulent energy exchange, and the biotic response to the energy environment. These concepts will be illustrated through the collection and examination of field data. The student will be responsible for presentation of a seminar on an assigned topic as well as presentation of the results of research incorporating data collected at the University of Waterloo weather station.', 'Prereq: GEOG 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('411', 'GEOG', '005998', 'UG', 'The Digital Economy', 'This course explores the spatial, social, cultural, and economic impacts of digital and social media on society from the perspective of economic geography. Content will cover contemporary issues about digital media and economic spaces that create spatial patterns (including international differences) of digital media access and use, social media economies, the sharing economy, influencer and streamer economies, and global online work platforms.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 F17, GEOG 474 001 S18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'GEOG', '006007', 'UG', 'Geographies of Development', 'Examines international development theories and practice, emphasizing the interactions between social, economic, political, and environmental dimensions at the micro- and macro-scales. Selected case studies illustrate divergent outcomes of development and the contested process that development represents.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A Faculty of Environment students only. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 W18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'GEOG', '006008', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'GEOG', '006009', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430C', 'GEOG', '006010', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'GEOG', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PLAN', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'GEOG', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'PLAN', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'GEOG', '006015', 'UG', 'Energy and Sustainability', 'Renewable and non-renewable energy supply systems are compared using economic and environmental measures. Consumption trends and conservation options are considered at the local and global level. Projects are used to demonstrate the economic and environmental challenges in the design of a sustainable energy system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'GEOG', '006019', 'UG', 'Remote Sensing Project', 'Digital image analysis for resource mapping and evaluation using remote sensing data. Topics range from initial data selection to final map production and assessment. Using commercial image analysis software, students will analyse data for a selected area and produce a portfolio of results. In addition, they will undertake a literature review on a selected topic and present highlights of the review at an end-of-term mini-conference.', 'Prereq: GEOG 371; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'GEOG', '006045', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Preparation', 'Preparatory work and first draft of thesis. [Note: Students must have a thesis advisor for department consent to be granted. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293/393 or 294/394; Level at least 3A Honours', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'GEOG', '006046', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Completion', 'Completion of thesis. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 490A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GER', '006056', 'UG', 'Elementary German 1', 'This course aims to bring German language, culture, and everyday life into the classroom. Students with little or no prior knowledge are introduced to the structure of German and develop their listening/comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Classes are communicative and emphasize interaction in German. Online exercises and audio/video materials accompany each chapter of the textbook. [Note: GER 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GER', '006057', 'UG', 'Elementary German 2', 'A continuation of GER 101. [Note: GER 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 101. Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GER', '006070', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 1', 'This course continues the work of GER 101/102. It offers practice in speaking, reading, and writing, with vocabulary building, grammar, and exercises in comprehension. [Note: GER 201 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 201 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 102 or 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GER', '006072', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 2', 'Strengthening of communicative skills, grammar review, vocabulary building, written practice, and conversation on issues of contemporary life in German-speaking countries. [Note: GER 202 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 202 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'GER', '006084', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: Objects', 'An exploration of human-made objects that open up perspectives on German-speaking society and culture. Objects to be studied might include the Berlin Wall, the swastika, Luther''s Bible, donairs, and Volkswagens. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'GER', '006085', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: People', 'An exploration of key figures whose contributions to the arts and intellectual life have shaped German-speaking society and culture. Persons to be studied might include Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Leni Riefenstahl, and Hannah Arendt. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'GER', '006125', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the fall term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'GER', '006128', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the winter term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'GER', '006143', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'German Honours students in their third or fourth year may complete, with departmental permission, a major project, the results of which must be presented in a substantial essay. The topic should reflect the student''s field of interest. [Note: Requests for permission should be submitted to the undergraduate officer, in consultation with the intended faculty advisor, and should include an outline of the project and a bibliography. The project will be assessed and graded by two faculty members.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'GER', '006144', 'UG', 'Reading Course in Approved Topics', 'Reading course in topics chosen in consultation with an advisor. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401A', 'GERON', '006160', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401B', 'GERON', '006161', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GRK', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'RS', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GRK', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'RS', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GRK', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'RS', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GRK', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'RS', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GRK', '006175', 'UG', 'Greek Composition, Grammar and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: GRK 202/RS 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'HIST', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'LS', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HIST', '006196', 'UG', 'War and Society in Europe, 1914-1945', 'This course explores the impact of World Wars 1 and 2 on European society, with a special emphasis on the experiences of the ordinary person.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'HIST', '006208', 'UG', 'Canadian History Through Biography', 'An examination through lectures and films of the lives of Canadian men and women who have played formative roles in developing the Canadian nation. Examples will be drawn from such areas as politics, religion, business and labour, social reform, arts and entertainment, and sports.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'HIST', '006209', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Western Intellectual History Since the Renaissance', 'An exploration of some of the questions and answers posed by thinkers on the human predicament from Renaissance and Reformation times to the modern period. Readings range from Luther to J.P. Sartre, Shakespeare to Marx and Freud.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'HIST', '006211', 'UG', 'Canada at War', 'This course introduces students to the ways in which historians have examined Canada''s military experience. Beginning with the Boer War, and continuing through the two World Wars and the post-war era, students examine the political, social, as well as military effects of war on Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'HIST', '006219', 'UG', 'The Modern World in Historical Perspective', 'This survey of the 20th century explores the non-Western world''s response to a series of selected global themes: the rise of the West; post-colonialism; war and peace; human migration; culture; international organizations; climate change; human rights; disease; and globalization.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HIST', '006220', 'UG', 'History and Film', 'An introduction to issues in modern cultural history through the study of selected narratives and documentary films with supplementary reading, lectures, and discussions. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'HIST', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'REC', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'HIST', '006239', 'UG', 'Smallpox to Medicare: Canadian Medical History', 'Starting with Aboriginal medicine, the course examines topics such as the rise of the medical and nursing professions, changing public attitudes to health and disease, and the evolution of the Canadian health insurance system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'HIST', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'CLAS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'LS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'HIST', '006243', 'UG', 'British History to 1485', 'A survey of the main stages in the transition of Britain from a remote province of the Roman Empire to a prominent state in post-Reformation Europe. Within the chronological framework, political and constitutional as well as ecclesiastical and social developments will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'HIST', '006246', 'UG', 'A History of Popular Culture', 'This course introduces students to the history of Western popular culture and may include the study of popular literature, spectacle and performance, witchcraft, crime, sexual attitudes, consumption, sports, advertising, and the media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'HIST', '006263', 'UG', 'Racism and Response in Canadian History', 'The \"race problem\" has appeared on the Canadian public agenda, but the issue is not of recent origin. This course examines Euro-Canadian attitudes and practices toward non-European minorities from pioneer times to the present and sets racial policies in the context of the evolution of a Canadian national identity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'HIST', '006267', 'UG', 'The Holocaust in History', 'An examination of the Holocaust in the context of the history of modern racism. Study topics will include historic anti-Judaism, scientific racism and the development of modern antisemitism, Nazi \"race\" ideology, wartime policies from ghetto to genocide, resistance movements, Nuremberg trials, Holocaust denial, and universal lessons from the Holocaust.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'HIST', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CLAS', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'HIST', '006281', 'UG', 'History of Modern China, 1911 to the Present', 'Some of the topics studied in this course include: the three stages of warlordism, the May Fourth Movement, and the structure of society in the People''s Republic of China.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'HIST', '006285', 'UG', 'European Business History: From Workshop to Factory and Beyond', 'This course examines the changing nature of work and the workplace in Europe and the impact of those changes on European society. The objective of this course is to develop a better understanding of today''s workplace and its challenges by exploring its historical roots and the forces that gave it shape.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'HIST', '006291', 'UG', 'Mennonite History: A Survey', 'This course covers Mennonite origins, teachings, migrations, settlement patterns, divisions, leaders, institutions, and religious and social practices, indeed all facets of Mennonite history in various national settings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HIST', '006296', 'UG', 'Canada and the Americas', 'This course will examine the economic, cultural, and diplomatic aspects of Canada''s relationship with the United States, Latin America, and the Commonwealth Caribbean from the time of the American Revolution to the present.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'HIST', '006298', 'UG', 'What is History? An Introduction to Historical Thinking', 'This course provides a collegial learning setting within which students are introduced to techniques of historical writing and research, and some examples of the best of recent historical scholarship.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'HIST', '006302', 'UG', 'Canada: Cultures and Conflicts in the Colonial Era', 'This course examines the major themes in pre-Confederation Canadian history including the rise and fall of New France, the creation of British North American societies in the Maritimes and Upper Canada, and economic and political development.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'HIST', '006304', 'UG', 'Canada Since 1867: A New Nation', 'This course examines Confederation, the rise of political parties, Canadian external relations, western discontent, the impact of both World Wars, and political and economic changes in Canada since 1867.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'HIST', '006309', 'UG', 'The United States Through the Civil War Era', 'This historical survey focuses on the emergence of the United States as a nation. The topics explored may include Indigenous peoples, slavery, race, gender, labour, immigration, urbanization, culture, sectionalism, politics, and ideologies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('258', 'HIST', '006310', 'UG', 'The United States Since the Civil War Era', 'This course begins in the aftermath of the Civil War and ends at the present day. Topics may include major social movements, the place of the United States in world politics, immigration and imperialism, and the economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'HIST', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MEDVL', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'HIST', '006316', 'UG', 'Early Modern Europe 1450-1700', 'This course examines European life in the Early Modern Period (1450-1700) and investigates the social, political, religious, and intellectual changes during the Renaissance, the Reformations, and the era of explorations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'HIST', '006317', 'UG', 'The Age of Revolution: Europe in the 19th Century', 'This period marks the emergence of modern-day Europe. The course focuses on the way in which European society, politics, and culture changed, and why. It also examines the continent''s descent into war in 1914.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'HIST', '006342', 'UG', 'The Vietnam War', 'The Vietnam War, the longest war in U.S. history, was fought on two fronts, by American GIs abroad and anti-war protesters at home. Those two subjects, as well as a history of the war from Vietnamese perspectives, are the focus of this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'HIST', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'LS', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('329', 'HIST', '006352', 'UG', 'Origins of the Common Law', 'A study of the common law of England from its introduction in the 11th century to the 15th century. Original documents and court cases will be examined.', 'Prereq: HIST 236/LS 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HIST', '006359', 'UG', 'A Social History of Europe: 1789-1914', 'European society amidst the dramatic changes of the 19th century. Emphasis is given to the impact of the French and industrial revolutions on class, the family, religion, and living conditions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HIST', '006360', 'UG', 'The Nazi Occupation of Europe', 'This course examines the nature and impact of Nazi occupation on Western and Eastern Europe preceding and during World War II and the responses of the people occupied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'HIST', '006372', 'UG', 'Russia: From Tsars to Putin', 'This course examines the history of Russia and the Soviet Union from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Topics include: origins and nature of the Russian Revolution, communist society, Stalinism, the Cold War, and impact of the communist experience on contemporary Russia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'HIST', '006373', 'UG', 'Nazi Germany', 'An examination of the social, economic, and political history of Nazi Germany. Topics may include the rise of the Nazis, the secret police, war, population policies and mass murder, culture, and women.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'HIST', '006377', 'UG', 'Canada''s Social History', 'A topical consideration of key themes, approaches, and chronologies in the history of society in Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('379', 'HIST', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'RS', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'HIST', '006381', 'UG', 'From Macdonald to Laurier: Canada, 1841-1921', 'A topical examination of major political and social developments over this eighty-year period. These include Irish immigration, Confederation, the Riel rebellions, social reform, the development of labour and business, and the Boer and First World Wars.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('388', 'HIST', '006384', 'UG', 'Modern Canada', 'Lectures, tutorials, and independent research will provide a decade-by-decade examination of the central social, political, and economic themes that have helped characterize \"modern Canada\".', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('389', 'HIST', '006385', 'UG', 'Canada in World Affairs', 'An analytical and historical examination of Canadian foreign policy in the international system. Domestic sources of Canadian foreign policy and international sources of Canadian foreign policy are examined in detail.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'HIST', '006390', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'HIST', '006392', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'HIST', '006416', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Special Topics', 'Under exceptional academic circumstances a student may seek permission to pursue a course of independent study under the direction of a faculty member. The special topic is determined in consultation between them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A History majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'HLTH', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GERON', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'HLTH', '006421', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 1', 'This course will be of interest to students pursuing careers in health and those with a general interest in health and health care. Various perspectives of the concepts of health and illness will be introduced. Emphasis is on understanding the origins, factors and conditions that determine health throughout the lifespan, how these factors influence one another and the role/impact of health care. Additional topics include how health is measured, the leading causes of death, illness and disability, as well as how health status has changed throughout history. Students will also learn how to research and critically analyze the health literature and discuss important health issues with their peers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HLTH', '006422', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 2', 'This course expands upon the general concepts introduced in HLTH 101 while extending the discussion to include issues such as: additional barriers to health; disease prevention; and methods used to plan, monitor, and improve individual and population health. Discussion will include when various interventions are justified and why, and where and when combinations of policies, treatments, education, and other approaches are necessary. The health of Canadians relative to that of people in other countries, as well as the inequalities that exist in health status within Canada and around the globe will be examined. Case examples will be used to illustrate points.', 'Prereq: HLTH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'HLTH', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'GERON', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A Gerontology Minor or Option in Aging Studies or Diploma in Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'KIN', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'HLTH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'GERON', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'PSYCH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'HLTH', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102 or PSYCH 101/101R or 121R Antireq: HLTH 220, GERON 220 (Cross-listed with GERON 320)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'GERON', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102, or PSYCH 101/101R/121R; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'HLTH', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'GERON', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HLTH', '006431', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology and Public Health', 'An introduction to the basic biological and toxicological processes that determine the effects of environmental pollutants on human health. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms that give rise to chronic or delayed health effects, such as cancer, genetic mutations, and birth defects.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273, CHEM 120, and one of KIN 217, CHEM 233, 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HLTH', '006432', 'UG', 'Principles of Pathobiology', 'An introduction to the study of biological factors governing disease in humans that will use selected diseases to identify risk factors and illustrate pathogenic mechanisms. The role that behaviour has in modifying biological response to disease may also be considered.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273 and (KIN 217 or CHEM 233 or 237)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'KIN', '006434', 'UG', 'Human Nutrition and Metabolism', 'This course will examine advanced nutrient metabolism and the interplay between diet, biochemistry, and health and disease outcomes. Challenges in assessing dietary intake and the impact of aging and other behaviours such as exercise on nutritional status will be examined. Approaches used in nutritional research will also be introduced.', 'Prereq: KIN 146; One of KIN 217, CHEM 233, CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HLTH', '006437', 'UG', 'Principles of Environmental & Occupational Health', 'Methodological approaches to the detection, assessment, and management of toxic hazards (especially carcinogens) in the workplace and external environment. The health effects of chemical toxicants on specific human organ systems (lung, nervous system, immune system, etc.) are also examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'HLTH', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'GERON', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'KIN', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'SOC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'REC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'HLTH', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth Year School of Public Health Sciences students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GERON', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth year Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'HLTH', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'KIN', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'HLTH', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PLAN', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'GEOG', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432A', 'HLTH', '006445', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (A)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432B', 'HLTH', '006446', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (B)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 432A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'HLTH', '006447', 'UG', 'Experimental Methods', 'This course focuses on the key issues related to the design, conduct, analyses, and interpretation of experimental studies. Examples will be drawn from animal research investigating disease mechanisms and from clinical and population studies investigating efficacy of preventive or therapeutic strategies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health and Health Systems students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'HLTH', '006448', 'UG', 'Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases', 'This course builds upon the concepts learned in HLTH 333. The primary objective is to provide an understanding of the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of non-communicable disease epidemiology. The course emphasizes understanding of epidemiologic methods and identification of risk and protective factors.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HRM', '006474', 'UG', 'Basic Human Resources Management', 'Examines the major areas of human resources administration including recruiting, salary administration, labour relations, benefits administration, employee relations, labour law, and organizational behaviour. Reviews the role of human resources administration in organizations and the manner in which human resources executives contribute to the well-being of a total enterprise. [Offered F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131R', 'SDS', '006501', 'UG', 'Political Ideologies and Social Development', 'This course introduces major political ideologies, their influence in political institutions and public discourse, and their impact on contemporary Canadian social policy and social development. [Note: Formerly ISS 131R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150R', 'SDS', '006502', 'UG', 'Lifespan Processes', 'This course is an introduction to human development that spans conception to death. It provides an overview of events which occur throughout the lifespan and considers how biological, psychological, and social factors may impact healthy development. [Note: Formerly ISS 150R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220R', 'SDS', '006503', 'UG', 'Changing Concepts of Childhood', 'Childhood has changed as a social and cultural concept. This course will trace these changes, examining sociological, psychological, cross-cultural, historical and political factors. Art and literature will also be used to reflect attitudes about childhood. [Note: Formerly ISS 220R]', 'Antireq: HIST 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240R', 'SDS', '006504', 'UG', 'Art and Society', 'Social issues and themes explored through the arts. Topics include art and social change, war and peace, propaganda, art of conscience, and the response of artists to poverty, hunger and catastrophic events. Specific applications include art as cross-cultural awareness and art as therapy. [Note: Formerly ISS 240R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SDS', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, GBDA 205, ISS 250A/B, ISS 250R, KIN 232, LS/SOC 280, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SWREN', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SDS', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SWREN', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'SDS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'RS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350R', 'SDS', '006510', 'UG', 'Adult Life Crises and Events', 'A study of normal events occurring during the adult years, why they happen, and how we cope with them. Relying on research, popular literature, and life experiences, students examine social change, the future, adult development and adjustment. [Note: Formerly ISS 350D]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 150R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'SDS', '006513', 'UG', 'Values and Contemporary Families', 'An exploration of how religious, economic, political, and other social institutions shape values in our society, and what impact society''s changing values are having upon families. [Note: Formerly ISS 350H]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'SDS', '006514', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R [Formerly ISS 398R], 399R; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'SDS', '006515', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R, 399R [Formerly ISS 399R]; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SDS', '006516', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499A. A numeric grade for SDS 499A will be submitted only after completion of SDS 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Social Development Studies', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SDS', '006517', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499B]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ITAL', '006518', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 1', 'An intensive study of the fundamentals of Italian grammar and conversation.', 'Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ITAL', '006519', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 101, with more emphasis on conversation and everyday uses of language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 101. Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ITAL', '006522', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 1', 'Advanced study of grammar. Conversation sessions based on intermediate-level readings reflecting contemporary Italian life. Intensive practice in the spoken and written language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 102 or 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ITAL', '006523', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 201.', 'Prereq: ITAL 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ITAL', '006524', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Italian Society', 'Through lectures, discussions, and readings in Italian, this course studies diverse aspects of contemporary Italian society, such as politics, the arts, food, fashion, and popular culture. In addition to improving their language comprehension and cultural awareness, students will expand their vocabulary and improve their oral and written competencies in Italian.', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'ITALST', '006526', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 1', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, and the arts - up to and including the Renaissance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ITALST', '006527', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 2', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, painting, and music - in the post-Renaissance period, with emphasis on modern Italy.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ITALST', '006528', 'UG', 'Medieval Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literature of the Middle Ages, with special reference to selections from the major works by Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'ITALST', '006529', 'UG', 'Renaissance Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literary production of the 15th and 16th centuries, focusing on selections from the major works by writers of the period.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'ITALST', '006530', 'UG', 'Italian Cinema and the Novel', 'A survey of some of the principal novels of 20th century Italy as they have been adapted in film by Italian directors. Students will study literary and cinematic representations of themes such as the rise of the Italian bourgeoisie, the economic boom of the 1960s, domestic violence, and organized crime.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ITALST', '006531', 'UG', 'Modern Italian Poetry and Theatre', 'This course studies the works of major Italian poets and playwrights, modern and contemporary, paying special attention to works by women authors.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'ITAL', '006532', 'UG', 'Special Topics/Directed Readings', 'This course gives the student an opportunity to study authors and works of special interest which are not covered in other courses. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'JAPAN', '006535', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no knowledge of Japanese to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Hiragana Writing System provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: JAPAN 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 111R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'JAPAN', '006536', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 2', 'Listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills acquired in JAPAN 101R are further developed. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Katakana Writing System are used to develop a more solid grammatical base.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111R', 'JAPAN', '006537', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 1', 'An introductory course to develop basic comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills specifically related to the Japanese business culture. This course is designed for students with little or no previous knowledge of Japanese. [Note: JAPAN 111R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112R', 'JAPAN', '006538', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 2', 'A continuation of JAPAN 111R designed to further develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Language skills required for the business environment are stressed.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'JAPAN', '006539', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 1', 'A continuation of the study of grammar and vocabulary through development of listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. Some study of Japanese culture is also included. By the end of the course, 120 Kanji (Chinese characters in their Japanese readings) will have been introduced.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 102R or 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'JAPAN', '006540', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 2', 'In this course students continue to develop their language skills with an increased emphasis on spoken Japanese. In addition, students work on improving grammatical accuracy and vocabulary development as well as continue to acquire basic information about Japanese culture. The writing of an additional 200 Kanji is taught.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301R', 'JAPAN', '006541', 'UG', 'Third-Year Japanese 1', 'This course concentrates on advanced conversation, polite forms, and idioms. It provides an opportunity to revise and practise the Hiragana and Katakana writing forms. Upon completion, students should be able to write 800 characters and use a Japanese dictionary with ease.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 202R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'KIN', '006543', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy', 'Regional anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the anatomy of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The course focuses on the bones, muscles, and neurovasculature of the limbs and trunk.', 'Coreq: KIN 100L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100L', 'KIN', '006544', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy Laboratory', 'Regional gross anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The anatomy is explored using pre-dissected human cadavers. For the limbs and trunk, the emphasis is placed on structures (muscles, nerves, and bones) involved in gross movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104L', 'KIN', '006545', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Kinesiology Laboratory', 'This lab provides exposure to techniques utilized in the discipline of kinesiology. Students will gain practical skills in tests that measure cardiovascular function, neuromuscular function, and body composition.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'KIN', '006550', 'UG', 'Biomechanics of Human Movement', 'This course will provide students an understanding of human movement from a mechanical perspective, which enables identification of potential risks for injury, optimizes exercise prescription, and promotes understanding of clinical evaluations. Specifically, concepts related to functional anatomy, muscle and passive tissue mechanics, anthropometry, electromyography, and linked segment mechanics are introduced and applied to clinical, occupational, and athletic situations.', 'Prereq: PHYS 111, KIN 104, KIN 104L, MATH 124 or MATH 127; Coreq: KIN 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'KIN', '006552', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy of the Central Nervous System', 'Functionally-oriented anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and the tissues they innervate using pre-dissected cadavers. Major functional systems, including somatosensory and motor pathways, special sense pathways, and integrative systems of the brain, will be examined through an understanding of anatomical connectivity.', 'Prereq: KIN 100, KIN 100L or BIOL 201/301', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'KIN', '006555', 'UG', 'Human Biochemistry', 'An elementary course in human biochemistry including the metabolism and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymatic function, energy metabolism, and introductory genetics. Emphasis is placed on clinical and medical applications.', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or 121; Kinesiology, Health Sciences or Honours Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'KIN', '006557', 'UG', 'Introduction to Neurological Disorders', 'An introduction to selected neurological disorders and their implications for physical activity. The neurological disorders examined include those which accompany neuromuscular and perceptual-motor impairment, intellectual disability, cardiovascular and respiratory disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273. Antireq: KIN 242', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'KIN', '006560', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Neuroscience', 'An introduction to the principles of the nervous system control of movement, cognition, and learning. The course will introduce the basic structure and function of the nervous system as it relates to understanding the control of movement and behaviour. The course will provide a foundation for understanding the neural mechanisms of learning, recovery from injury to the nervous system, and the factors that determine skilled performance.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, PSYCH 101, KIN 104, KIN 104L; Coreq: KIN 255L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'KIN', '006568', 'UG', 'Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sport and Activity', 'This course will introduce students to a variety of common orthopedic injuries sustained during sport and activity. Topics covered include the mechanisms of injury, tissue injury biomechanics, pathophysiology, initial assessment, management, and prevention of acute and chronic trauma.', 'Prereq: (KIN 100, KIN 100L) or (BIOL 201/301); Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'KIN', '006574', 'UG', 'Psychology of Physical Activity', 'This course will provide an overview of the field of sport and exercise psychology and examine how various factors impact our interest, passion, and commitment to sport, exercise, and physical activity. Topics include personality, motivation, team dynamics, coaching psychology, interventions, aggression, body image, and youth development through sport.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'KIN', '006575', 'UG', 'Sensory Systems Neuroscience', 'This course will examine how different regions of the nervous system interact to shape our perception, decisions, memories, movements, and consciousness. The focus will be placed on the role of the sensory systems in transducing external stimuli into neural activity, how sensory information is processed within and across sensory modalities (i.e., multisensory integration), and the implications for nervous system function. Topics will be considered from developmental, injury, disease, and aging perspectives.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'KIN', '006576', 'UG', 'Motor Learning and Neuroplasticity', 'This course will examine the neural control of movement and how experience shapes brain reorganization to support skilled motor ability. Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies will be considered with an emphasis on leveraging principles of motor learning to skill acquisition and skilled performance in sport/occupational environments and the rehabilitation of movement disorders/injuries.', 'Prereq: KIN 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'KIN', '006578', 'UG', 'Environmental Physiology', 'This course will examine the human cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses at rest and during exercise in altered gravitational, thermal, humidity, and barometric environments.', 'Prereq: KIN 308/408', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('416', 'KIN', '006581', 'UG', 'Neuromuscular Integration', 'An examination of the neural processes involved in the maintenance of posture and the control of movement.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273 or PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'KIN', '006582', 'UG', 'Occupational Biomechanics', 'A course designed to provide the student with knowledge to reduce the risk of injury and increase worker productivity. Issues include identification of injury risk factors, understanding injury mechanism, quantitative assessment of injury risk and intervention strategies to reduce the risk of injury. Specific examples include the use of computerized models and EMG methods to analyze low back loading, optimizing tool design and workspace layout and the examination of related issues such as office seating and vibration.', 'Prereq: KIN 320', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'KIN', '006583', 'UG', 'Human Posture, Balance and Gait', 'This course will provide a detailed understanding of the kinematics, kinetics, and neural control of standing posture, stepping, walking, and running. Measurement techniques and the interpretation of movement data will be emphasized from biomechanical and neural control perspectives. Applications to aging and pathology will be emphasized.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('425', 'KIN', '006584', 'UG', 'Biomechanical Modelling', 'This course will examine the quantitative measurement and analysis of the human musculoskeletal system. Multi-segment dynamic movements will be studied using computer programs, with emphasis on kinematics, kinetics and energetics, as well as the use of EMG in the assessment of the control of the movement. Examples are presented from pathological, normal, and athletic movement.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'KIN', '006586', 'UG', 'Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of a research proposal on an approved topic. The topic may include survey, field, laboratory, theoretical, or applied research, program evaluation, mathematical modelling, fitness appraisal, etc. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'KIN', '006601', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposed in KIN 431. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: KIN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'KIN', '006616', 'UG', 'Senior Essay', 'An extensive critical review of the literature on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. The topics will be broader in scope than those associated with specific research proposals.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'KIN', '006631', 'UG', 'Applied Sport Psychology', 'An examination of the methods and techniques for developing psychological skills to enhance performance and personal growth. Focus will be on learning strategies to increase the ability to self-regulate and influence others'' behaviour and improve performance. Topics may include confidence, mental toughness, imagery, concentration, and attention.', 'Prereq: KIN 354', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'KIN', '006632', 'UG', 'Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Movement', 'This course provides a comprehensive introduction to neuropsychology, with emphasis on the implication for movement and discussion of how neurological disorders reflect disturbances at different stages in the sequence of information processing.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 306. Antireq: PSYCH 307, KIN 456', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'KIN', '006633', 'UG', 'Cognitive, Emotional and Motor Assessment', 'This course is designed to provide the student with an introduction to the principles underlying the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions. Measurement issues associated with test development and use, factors involved in the administration and interpretation of test results, and methods of report writing will be examined. Students will learn to administer a number of test instruments used in the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions.', 'Prereq: KIN 456/359. Antireq: KIN 457', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'KIN', '006634', 'UG', 'Seminar in Kinesiology', 'An examination of current major issues and trends in Kinesiology. Students select areas of major interest from a series of faculty introduced topics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'KIN', '006640', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Special Topics', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through guided independent research and/or reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration. [Note: May be repeated in subsequent terms.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'KIN', '006661', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology -- Sports Injuries Assessment', 'Practical experience in the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of sports injuries under the supervision of a Certified Athletic Therapist. Case presentations and musculoskeletal assessments are discussed in a group setting.', 'Prereq: KIN 340; Kinesiology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'KIN', '006664', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology: Movement Assessment Practicum', 'Practical experience in movement assessment of persons from various special populations such as the normal elderly and those with neurological, degenerative, or developmental disorders. Motor functions involving gait, posture, and balance or upper-limb movements will typically be examined in these assessments.', 'Prereq: KIN 242/312, 456/359, 416, 422; Cumulative overall average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'KOREA', '006666', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 1', 'An introductory course for students who have no or little knowledge of Korean to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills along with a sound basis of grammar. The distinctive features of the Korean language and writing system are introduced. Practical oral, reading, and writing exercises develop the students'' grammatical skills. Particular emphasis is placed on the acquisition of a basic working vocabulary. [Note: KOREA 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'KOREA', '006667', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 2', 'Students deepen their understanding of basic grammatical (particularly verb, noun, and adverb) forms and sentence construction and enlarge their general vocabulary. Reading ability is expanded, and more attention is given to idiomatic expressions and the use of the language in actual contexts.', 'Prereq: KOREA 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'KOREA', '006668', 'UG', 'Second-Year Korean 1', 'Designed for students who have completed KOREA 102R or the equivalent. To achieve a balanced Korean language proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, a variety of teaching materials and methods is used. The text includes adapted versions of short stories, essays, and poems.', 'Prereq: KOREA 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'LAT', '006670', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 1', 'A course designed for students beginning the study of Latin or who have not yet reached the level expected in LAT 201/202. Although the teaching approach emphasizes exposure to simple texts as soon as possible, students desiring minimal competence in reading should go on to do LAT 102.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'LAT', '006671', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 2', 'Continuation of LAT 101. Most of the rules of Latin grammar will be covered by the end of the year, and students should have a minimal competence in reading prose texts; but for the remaining grammar and further practice students should go on to do LAT 201.', 'Prereq: LAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'LAT', '006673', 'UG', 'Intermediate Latin', 'The course will complete the study of Latin grammar and move on to unadapted readings in Latin authors, particularly Caesar.', 'Prereq: LAT 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'LAT', '006674', 'UG', 'Selections from Latin Authors', 'A course designed to follow LAT 201, including both literature and grammar review. Authors normally read are Vergil and Ovid.', 'Prereq: LAT 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LAT', '006678', 'UG', 'Latin Composition, Grammar, and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'LAT', '006689', 'UG', 'Medieval Latin', 'Survey of Medieval Latin poetry and prose.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'LAT', '006692', 'UG', 'Latin Epigraphy', 'The course introduces and investigates Latin inscriptions as evidence for the Latin language and Roman political, religious, legal, social, and economic history.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ME', '006703', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice 1', 'This course is focused on fundamental knowledge and skills essential for academic and professional development in mechanical engineering. It covers basic methods and principles used by mechanical engineers, e.g., fundamentals of technical communication, the design process and problem solving, measurements and data analysis, engineering professionalism, safety, and intellectual property. The fundamentals of engineering graphical communication using computer-aided design (CAD) and freehand sketching will be a significant component of this course. Written, graphical and oral communications are emphasized. Examples are drawn from Mechanical Engineering. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'ME', '006704', 'UG', 'Electrical Engineering for Mechanical Engineers', 'Definitions of electric and magnetic fields. Introduction to circuit theory (direct current) DC circuits, amplifiers, operational amplifiers, single- and three-phase (alternating current) AC circuits. Introduction to basic electronic devices. [Note: Labs are alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: GENE 123', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ME', '006706', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'A continuation of First Year calculus, focusing on calculus of scalar and vector functions of several variables. Both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differentiation, total derivatives, chain rule, transformation of variables, Taylor series. Applications include geometrical problems, error estimation, maxima and minima, least squares curve fits. Multiple integration in standard coordinate systems, Jacobians. Vector calculus, divergence, curl, Laplacian, and Stokes'', Green''s and Divergence theorems. Scalar flux transport, work and energy, conservative force fields. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ME', '006707', 'UG', 'Statistics for Engineers', 'Frequency distributions; measures of central tendency; standard deviation and other measures of dispersion. Probability. Binomial, Poisson, normal distributions. Techniques of sampling and statistical estimation. Tests of hypotheses; significance. The t-test and chi-squared test. Curve fitting by least squares. Statistical process control. Correlation and regression. Experimental design. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'ME', '006708', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Solution of ordinary differential equations. First and higher order differential equations. Nonlinear equations. Linear equations with constant and variable coefficients. Systems of linear equations. Applications involving simple dynamical systems and principles of mass, momentum and heat conservation will emphasize the role of ordinary differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. Introduction to the Laplace transform method for solving ordinary differential equations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'ME', '006709', 'UG', 'Dynamics', 'An introduction to the kinematics of particle and rigid body motion. Impulse-momentum equations. Work-energy methods and Euler''s equations. Simple gyroscopes. Vibrations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115, MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'ME', '006710', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'The relevance of materials to engineering practice. The microstructure of materials, crystallinity and crystal imperfections, glasses, and amorphous solids. Elastic and plastic deformation in metals, viscoelasticity of plastics. Strengthening mechanisms in metals, polymers, and ceramics. Fracture of brittle and ductile solids. Electrical and magnetic properties of materials. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: ME 235, MTE 111', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219', 'ME', '006711', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 1', 'Concept of equilibrium, force analysis of structures and structural components, equilibrium of deformable bodies, stress and strain concepts, stress-strain relationships, stress analysis of prismatic members in axial, shearing, torsional and flexural deformations, shear force and bending moment diagrams. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or 2B Management Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ME', '006712', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 2', 'A general treatment of the behaviour of structural components from the study of stress and strain in solids. Topics include superposition, energy theorems, theories of failure, elastic and inelastic analysis of symmetrical bending, torsion of circular members, columns and stability, and virtual work. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'ME', '006713', 'UG', 'Control of Properties of Materials', 'Phase equilibria, non-equilibrium behaviour, heat treatment of metals, diffusion, strengthening processes. Alloying, composite materials, cold and hot working. Failure of engineering materials; creep, fatigue, corrosion and other environmental degradation processes. Prevention of service failures. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ME', '006714', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 1', 'The engineering science of energy. The scope and limitations of thermodynamics. Macroscopic approach to heat, work, energy and the First Law. Properties and state of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume energy analysis. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, principle of increase of entropy, limiting cycle efficiencies, criteria for equilibrium. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering or level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: MTE 309, SYDE 381', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'ME', '006715', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microprocessors and Digital Logic', 'Number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra. Karnaugh maps and combinational logic design. Sequential logic and state machines. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming using ladder logic and statement list. Microcomputer structure and operation, I/O and interfacing. Assembly language programming. Laboratory work includes microcomputer and PLC programming. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('269', 'ME', '006716', 'UG', 'Electromechanical Devices and Power Processing', 'Review of circuit analysis. Basic electromagnetic theory. DC machines, synchronous generators, transformers, and induction motors. Introduction to typical speed and torque control techniques of machines using power electronic based devices. [Note: Labs: Alternate Weeks. Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Option', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'ME', '006718', 'UG', 'Advanced Engineering Mathematics', 'A continuation of ME 201 and ME 203 in which both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differential equations of mathematical physics: wave, diffusion, Laplace, Poisson equations. Boundary and initial conditions. Separation of variables. Numerical methods for ordinary and partial differential equations. Applications will emphasize the role of ordinary and partial differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, 203; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ME', '006721', 'UG', 'Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines', 'Principles of the geometry of motion, uniform and non-uniform motion, linkage, gears, cams. Synthesis and analysis of mechanisms. Consideration of the static and dynamic forces in machines. Vibration analysis, response to shock, motion and force transmissibility, vibration isolation. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 201 or MTE 202) and (ME 212 or SYDE 182); Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ME', '006722', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 1', 'Adequacy assessment and synthesis of machine elements with a focus on the design process. Static failure of ductile and brittle materials, fatigue analysis of structures. Topics include the design of welds, bolted connections, springs and shafts. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 220, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'ME', '006724', 'UG', 'Manufacturing Processes', 'The principles of manufacturing unit processes including casting, forming, machining and joining. Interactions between design, materials (metals, polymers, ceramics) and processes. Advantages and limitations, relative cost, and production rates of competitive processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219, 230; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ME', '006725', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 1', 'Physical properties of fluids and fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics. Hydrostatics. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. Flow similarity and dimensional analysis as applied to engineering problems in fluid mechanics. Laminar and turbulent flow. Engineering applications such as flow measurement, flow in pipes and fluid forces on moving bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 250 or Coreq: MTE 309); Level at least 3A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'ME', '006726', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 1', 'Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation and solution of steady and transient heat conduction. Radiant heat transfer including exchange laws and view factors. Introductory convective heat transfer. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 250, 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'ME', '006727', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 2', 'Emphasis on applications of thermodynamics to flow processes. Real fluids, evaluation of state functions of real fluids. Non-reacting mixtures, reacting mixtures, equilibrium considerations. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 250; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'ME', '006728', 'UG', 'Introduction to Control Systems', 'Open loop and feedback control. Laws governing mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal control components. Analogies. Analysis of some engineering control systems using block diagram algebra, transient and steady-state operation. Different modes of control. Review of Laplace Transform methods. Concepts of stability. Principles of analog computer simulation. Brief treatment of linear flow graphs and bondgraphs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 203, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ME', '006729', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 2', 'Basic equations of two-dimensional flow, potential flow, exact viscous solutions. Introduction to lubrication, boundary layers, turbulence, and compressible flow. Turbomachinery fundamentals and applications. Selected advanced topics. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering or 4A Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ME', '006731', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Workshop', 'In this course, students study the design process, including needs analysis, problem definition; design criteria and critical parameter identification, generation of alternative solutions; conceptual design, detailed design, optimization; and implementation. Most of the term is devoted to a significant design project in which student groups work independently and competitively, applying the design process to a project goal set by the faculty co-ordinator. The design project typically includes construction of a prototype, and part of the course grade may depend on the performance of the prototype in a competitive test. In exceptional circumstances, the requirement for a prototype may be replaced by a computer simulation, or may be waived. Other mechanical engineering faculty members, particularly those teaching 3B courses, are available to provide advice and supervision to ME 380 students. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 380', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'ME', '006734', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 2', 'A continuation of the ME 322 course in analysis and synthesis of machinery, including advanced analysis of machine elements such as clutches, brakes, couplings, journal bearings and gears. Advanced machine design concepts such as reliability, optimization and techniques for stimulating innovative design. A synthesis project involving the machine elements studied is usually included. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 322; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'ME', '006736', 'UG', 'Industrial Metallurgy', 'This course is intended for those students interested in acquiring a working knowledge of metallurgy. It covers: metals and alloy systems, iron-carbon alloys, heat treatment and the function of alloying elements in steel, corrosion and scale resistant alloys, copper and nickel base alloys, light metals and their alloys; casting, hot and cold working of metals; soldering, brazing and welding; corrosion and oxidation; metal failure analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ME', '006739', 'UG', 'HVAC Load Analysis and Design Fundamentals', 'Advanced psychrometric analysis applied to HVAC system design. Duct design and fan selection. Indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Heating and cooling load calculations. Heat flow through building elements. Solar radiation and solar gains through windows. Infiltration and exfiltration. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architectural, Chemical, Civil, Environmental, or Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'ME', '006740', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 2', 'Selected topics in heat transfer fundamentals and applications. Topics to be covered include the fundamentals of convection with analytical solutions to simple laminar flow problems and approximate solutions to turbulent flow problems based on analogies between momentum and heat transfer. Also covered is radiant exchange in grey enclosures and in black enclosures containing emitting-absorbing gases. The remaining topics will be chosen from design of heat exchangers; condensation heat transfer; boiling heat transfer; and the treatment of problems in heat conduction. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'ME', '006741', 'UG', 'Energy Conversion', 'Review of reserves and consumption trends of Canada''s and the world''s energy resources. Design of fossil-fuel central power plants, including boiler efficiency calculations and advanced steam and binary cycles. Review of atomic physics including fission and fusion energy. Design of nuclear fission power plants including design of reactor core for critical conditions, fuel cycles and radiation hazards. Design considerations for solar energy conversion devices including: availability of solar energy, solar-thermal converters, thermal storage and photovoltaics. Principles of fuel cells and some aspects of their design. Other topics as appropriate. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 353, 354 and level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering) or (MTE 309 and level at least 4A Mechatronics Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ME', '006745', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 1', 'The first of two required courses for the mechanical engineering capstone design project. This course is intended to enable students to engage in in-depth engineering design and decision-making using engineering science while encouraging creativity and resourcefulness, and addressing the criteria listed in the faculty of engineering design rubrics. Students will work in small groups on a design project of their own choosing, or as part of a major student team project. The goal is to develop a design proposal, consisting of the needs analysis, design specifications and project plan, followed by the initial and detailed design work. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 380; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'ME', '006746', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ME 481. The final design of the major mechanical engineering project proposed in ME 481 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design and proof of feasibility of the solution proposed in ME 481. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 380, 481; Level at least 4B Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 482', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'ME', '006748', 'UG', 'Advanced Dynamics and Vibrations', 'This course is a continuation of ME 212 and ME 321. It includes study of planar and three-dimensional motion of rigid bodies and systems, including gyroscopic effects. Vector (Newton''s Method) and analytical (Lagrange''s Equation) methods are used to derive equations of motion. Linear vibrational analyses are performed to examine natural frequencies, stability, and mode shapes. Computer simulation of non-linear systems is discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 212 and 321; Level at least 4A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('531', 'ME', '006751', 'UG', 'Physical Metallurgy Applied to Manufacturing', 'This course will allow the student to develop a more in depth knowledge of physical metallurgy and its application in understanding and solving relevant manufacturing problems. It will begin with a treatment of solid-state diffusion, mass transport and the principles of solidification including constitutional supercooling. This knowledge will then be applied to understand the microstructural development (and resultant properties) which occur in materials during manufacturing processes including casting, solid-state heat treatments, laser processing, and various joining operations. The course will include case studies aimed at providing the students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in a practical way. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('533', 'ME', '006752', 'UG', 'Non-metallic and Composite Materials', 'This course is intended to provide an advanced treatment of the structure, properties, and processing of non-metallic and composite materials based on polymers, metals, and ceramics. The structure and properties of polymers and ceramics in bulk form and as matrices and reinforcements in composites will be covered. Processing methods for non-metallics and composites (example extrusion, injection molding, etc.) will be considered. The geometrical arrangement of fibres within laminae and their influences on elastic and strength properties of composites will be described based on suitable micromechanical models. The role of the matrix and fibre/matrix interface in determining composite properties will be described. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('535', 'ME', '006754', 'UG', 'Welding Metallurgy', 'Metallurgy of welding of steels (carbon, microalloy, low alloy and stainless steels), cast irons, aluminum-based, copper-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, titanium-based and other alloys, (including dissimilar combinations) to explain the effects of welding processes and conditions (including post-weld heat treating) on microstructure and properties; causes and prevention of defects and deficiencies which can occur in different alloys, including porosity, cracking, embrittlement (hydrogen, temper, strain aging, ductile-brittle transition temperatures), overaging; metallurgy of soldered and brazed joints. Laboratory experiments will demonstrate microstructural effects and defects in a range of alloys for different welding processes and conditions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230, 435, 436; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'ME', '006755', 'UG', 'Welding and Joining Processes', 'Introduction to modern welding and joining processes for metals, polymers and ceramics. Fundamentals of the joining process and the influence of the process parameters on weld dimensions, strength and quality. Fusion welding processes such as shielded metal arc, gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, submerged arc welding and others including electron beam and laser beam welding. Resistance welding processes, solid-state welding processes, soldering and brazing. Laboratory exercises will provide hands-on experience with a number of industrially significant welding processes. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 230 or MTE 111; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('547', 'ME', '006762', 'UG', 'Robot Manipulators: Kinematics, Dynamics, Control', 'Homogeneous transformations, D-H convention, forward and inverse kinematics. Differential transformations and Jacobians. Robot dynamics. Programming, trajectory generation and joint control. End-of-arm sensing and outer loop control. Industrial applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (ME 212 or SYDE 182) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: ECE 486', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('548', 'ME', '006763', 'UG', 'Numerical Control of Machine Tools 1', 'Operation fundamentals of NC machine tools. NC part programming: manual and CAD/CAM methods. Mechanics of metal cutting: examples of turning, milling, and drilling. Tool wear and breakage. Optimum cutting conditions. Dimensional and form errors due to static deformations. Dynamics of machining. Laboratory work provides hands-on experience in tool path generation, machining, and measurements of cutting forces and vibration. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 262 or MTE 262) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('555', 'ME', '006764', 'UG', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Need for geometric modelling, historic developments; wire frame models; hidden line removed models; polyhedral models; surface models and solid models. Constructive solid geometry; boundary representation and decomposition modelling. Hybrid models. Data structures and their role in modelling. Curves and surfaces in modelling (Bezier, B-splines and NURBS). Geometric models and the role of engineers. Parametric and feature-based design. The course has a heavy lab component which provides exposure to solid modelling on SDRC IDEAS and PC-based CAD packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 321 and (ME 322 or MTE 322); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('557', 'ME', '006765', 'UG', 'Combustion 1', 'Combustion thermodynamics, introduction to chemical kinetics of combustion, combustion properties of fuels, flammability of combustible mixtures. Flame propagation mechanisms, pre-mixed and diffusional; stability of flames; introduction to combustion aerodynamics, jet flames; atomization; droplet and spray combustion. Elementary ignition concepts and theory. Basic detonation theory. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('559', 'ME', '006766', 'UG', 'Finite Element Methods', 'A course presenting the fundamental ideas involved in conventional finite element analysis in mechanical engineering. Domain discretization, interpolation and shape functions, element derivation and types, element stiffness or property equations, assembly procedure, boundary conditions, solution methods for the algebraic equation system, applications in heat transfer, fluid flow, and stress analysis. Students will, throughout the course, write and test their own finite element code through individual subroutine construction as the course progresses. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 220 or MTE 219) and (ME 303 or MTE 204); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 422', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('561', 'ME', '006767', 'UG', 'Fluid Power Control Systems', 'Properties of hydraulic fluids. Design and function of conventional hydraulic and pneumatic circuits. Characteristics of flow and pressure control valves. Speed control in fluid power circuits. Performance of pumps and fluid motors. Hydrostatic and hydrokinetic transmission systems. Principles of sealing, filtration and heat control in hydraulic circuits. Industrial applications of fluid power systems. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 351 and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('563', 'ME', '006768', 'UG', 'Turbomachines', 'Classification of turbomachines, performance parameters and laws of modelling. Basic equation of flow in turbomachines, compressible flow. Energy transfer in radial and axial turbomachines, performance characteristics, losses and efficiencies. Blade and cascade design, 3 dimensional effects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'ME', '006770', 'UG', 'Aerodynamics', 'An introductory course in aerodynamics for engineers. Kinematics and dynamics of inviscid flow; airfoil dynamics including thin airfoil theory, finite wings, panel methods and airfoil parameters. Boundary layer theory and boundary layer control as applied in aerodynamics. Introduction to high speed aerodynamics. Introduction to dynamics of flight including stability and control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('566', 'ME', '006772', 'UG', 'Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineering Design', 'A course to develop the understanding required to simulate complex fluid flows, such as those found in turbo-machines, duct systems, and other engineering hardware. Course topics include the physics of complex viscous fluid flows, first- and second-order finite control volume discretization methods, iterative algorithms for the solution of sparse matrix equation sets, including multi-grid acceleration, boundary condition modelling, two-equation and Reynolds stress turbulence models, and grid generation techniques. Computational fluid dynamics software is used throughout the course to simulate and analyze complex fluid flows relevant to engineering applications. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('571', 'ME', '006775', 'UG', 'Air Pollution', 'Nature and sources of air pollution, chemical and biological aspects, effects on health and environment. Physical aspects of the atmosphere, thermodynamics, vertical variation of wind and temperature, stability, convection, atmospheric turbulence, diffusion equations, plumes, thermals, jets in stratified flow, radioactive plumes, micrometeorological instrumentation, air pollution control techniques and equipment monitoring instrumentation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('595', 'ME', '006777', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'ME', '006779', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('598', 'ME', '006780', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('599', 'ME', '006781', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MSCI', '006818', 'UG', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 280, BUS 288W, PSYCH 238, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'MSCI', '006819', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics 1', 'A first of a two-course sequence that introduces fundamental concepts in probability and statistics. It covers probability concepts, random variables, graphical display of distributions and data, discrete and continuous probability distributions, sampling, estimation, confidence intervals, experimental design, hypothesis testing, and simple linear regression and correlation. Students learn how to graphically explore data, conduct, and analyze a two-treatment experiment, and model data with linear regression, and interpret its fit. Students learn to use statistical computing software (e.g., R) to perform data analyses. Emphasis is placed on gaining experience with data collected from student-conducted experiments. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ECON 221, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 231, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'MSCI', '006820', 'UG', 'Engineering Economics: Financial Management for Engineers', 'Introductory finance: time value of money, cash flow analysis. Investment evaluation methods: present worth, annual worth, and internal rate of return. Depreciation models and asset replacement analysis. The impact of inflation, taxation, uncertainty, and risk on investment decisions. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Engineering students only. Not open to Architectural, Biomedical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, and Systems Design Engineering students. Antireq: AE 392, BME 364, CIVE 392, ECE 390, ENVE 392, GEOE 392, SYDE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'MSCI', '006821', 'UG', 'Organizational Design and Technology', 'The focus of this course is on the procedures and variables involved in the design and redesign of organizations. Issues such as departmentation, differentiation, integration, internal politics, innovation, authority, and control are discussed in the context of the underlying technology of the organization. Emphasis will be placed on how one designs both the technical and the organizational systems to ensure their compatibility, noting the effects that one has on the other. [Offered: F, W, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'MSCI', '006822', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'This first course in optimization uses a quantitative approach to problem solving involving, mathematical modelling and formulations, solution methods, and output analysis. Students are introduced to a variety of practical problem formulations in management and engineering, a number of solution methods, including, but not limited to, linear optimization, network models, project management, and decision analysis. Students are also involved in a group project, where they go through conceptual and operational model design, analytical solution, output analysis, and recommendation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics except for Software Engineering. Antireq: BME 411, CHE 521, CIVE 332, CO 250, ENVE 320/335, SYDE 411', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'MSCI', '006823', 'UG', 'Stochastic Models and Methods', 'Introduction to operations research models and methods for problems with random, stochastic, and probabilistic components. Topics include birth and death processes, branching processes, waiting line models, and Markov decision processes. Applications include the design, modelling, and analysis of service and manufacturing systems, with emphasis on important functions such as queueing, inventory, reliability, equipment replacement, and maintenance. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (One of BME411,CHE521,CIVE332,CO250,ENVE335,MSCI331,SYDE411) and (One of AE224,BME213,CHE220,CIVE224,ECE203,306,ENVE224,MSCI251,252, ME202,MTE201,NE215,STAT206,211,231,241,SYDE212); Not open to Math students except SE. Antireq: STAT333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'MSCI', '006824', 'UG', 'Production and Service Operations Management', 'Introduction to management, planning, and control decisions in manufacturing and service settings using quantitative approaches. Topic areas include production, inventory, distribution, quality control, facilities layout, and process design. Students are exposed to a number of examples and case studies, and work on a project that involves analysis and discussion of improved designs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212); Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: MSCI 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'MSCI', '006826', 'UG', 'Impact of Information Systems on Organizations and Society', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with issues related to the impact of computer-based technologies on individual jobs, organizations, and broader societal level. Particular emphasis will be placed on critical examination of various issues including privacy, security, ethical concern and professional responsibilities. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'MSCI', '006827', 'UG', 'Decision Making Under Uncertainty', 'This course deals with normative, descriptive, and prescriptive theories and models of decision making under uncertainty. The course focuses on concepts such as risk measures, Bayes theorem, and basic and multi-attribute utility theories. The course uses these concepts to build analytical decision-making models considering the randomness and/or risk-attitude of the decision-makers. Various forms of decision analysis techniques will be covered and typically include, expected utility maximization, the value of information analysis, one/two-way sensitivity analysis, and sequential Bayesian inference. Practical uses and limitations of the models and techniques will be illustrated. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, MSCI 251, 252, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'MATH', '006847', 'UG', 'Introductory Algebra for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of algebra to business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. Topics will be chosen from linear equations, systems of linear equations, linear inequalities, functions, set theory, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem, probability theory. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following faculties: ARTS, AHS or ENV. Not open to Acc''ting & Fin Mgt students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'MATH', '006848', 'UG', 'Introductory Calculus for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of calculus in business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. The models studied will involve polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The major concepts introduced to solve problems are rate of change, optimization, growth and decay, and integration. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following Faculties: ARTS, AHS, ENV, SCI. Antireq: MATH 127, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'MATH', '006862', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra for Engineering', 'Linear equations, matrices and determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Eigenvalues and diagonalization. Applications. Complex numbers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 136, 146, NE 112', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MATH', '006865', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions: review of polynomials, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric. Operations on functions, curve sketching. Trigonometric identities, inverse functions. Derivatives, rules of differentiation. Mean Value Theorem, Newton''s Method. Indeterminate forms and L''Hopital''s rule, applications. Integrals, approximations, Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Applications of the integral. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open to students in Engineering excluding Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 117, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MATH', '006866', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions of engineering importance; review of polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions; trigonometric functions and identities. Inverse functions (logarithmic and trigonometric). Limits and continuity. Derivatives, rules of differentiation; derivatives of elementary functions. Applications of the derivative, max-min problems, Mean Value Theorem. Antiderivatives, the Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Methods of integration, approximation, applications, improper integrals. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 116, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118', 'MATH', '006867', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Methods of integration: by parts, trigonometric substitutions, partial fractions; engineering applications, approximation of integrals, improper integrals. Linear and separable first order differential equations, applications. Parametric curves and polar coordinates, arc length and area. Infinite sequences and series, convergence tests, power series and applications. Taylor polynomials and series, Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Engineering excluding students in Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 119, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('119', 'MATH', '006868', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Elementary approximation methods: interpolation; Taylor polynomials and remainder; Newton''s method, Landau order symbol, applications. Infinite series: Taylor series and Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, geometric series, convergence test, power series, applications. Functions of several variables: partial derivatives, linear approximation and differential, gradient and directional derivative, optimization and Lagrange multipliers. Vector-valued functions: parametric representation of curves, tangent and normal vectors, line integrals and applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 118, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'MATH', '006869', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 1', 'Systems of linear equations. Matrix algebra. Determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 103 or 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: MATH 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'MATH', '006870', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 2', 'Vector spaces. Linear transformations and matrices. Inner products. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Diagonalization. Applications. [Offered: F,S; online: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 106 or 136 or 146. Antireq: MATH 235, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('127', 'MATH', '006871', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for the Sciences', 'Functions of a real variable: powers, rational functions, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions, their properties and inverses. Intuitive discussion of limits and continuity. Definition and interpretation of the derivative, derivatives of elementary functions, derivative rules and applications. Riemann sums and other approximations to the definite integral. Fundamental theorems and antiderivatives; change of variable. Applications to area, rates, average value. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 104 or 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 109, 116, 117, 124, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('128', 'MATH', '006872', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for the Sciences', 'Transforming and evaluating integrals; application to volumes and arc length; improper integrals. Separable and linear first order differential equations and applications. Introduction to sequences. Convergence of series; Taylor polynomials, Taylor''s Remainder theorem, Taylor series and applications. Parametric/vector representation of curves; particle motion and arc length. Polar coordinates in the plane. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 138, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('135', 'MATH', '006878', 'UG', 'Algebra for Honours Mathematics', 'An introduction to the language of mathematics and proof techniques through a study of the basic algebraic systems of mathematics: the integers, the integers modulo n, the rational numbers, the real numbers, the complex numbers and polynomials. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE or Software Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('136', 'MATH', '006879', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, elementary matrices, computational issues. Real n-space, vector spaces and subspaces, basis and dimension, rank of a matrix, linear transformations, and matrix representations. Determinants, eigenvalues and diagonalization, applications. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE students) or Science Mathematical Physics students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('137', 'MATH', '006880', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Absolute values and inequalities. Sequences and their limits. Introduction to series. Limits of functions and continuity. The Intermediate Value theorem and approximate solutions to equations. Derivatives, linear approximation, and Newton''s method. The Mean Value theorem and error bounds. Applications of the Mean Value theorem, Taylor polynomials and Taylor''s theorem, Big-O notation. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 127, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('138', 'MATH', '006881', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Introduction to the Riemann integral and approximations. Antiderivatives and the fundamental theorem of calculus. Change of variables, methods of integration. Applications of the integral. Improper integrals. Linear and separable differential equations and applications. Tests for convergence for series. Binomial series, functions defined as power series and Taylor series. Vector (parametric) curves in R2. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 116 or 117 or 127 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 137 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'MATH', '006886', 'UG', 'Algebra (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 145 is an advanced-level version of MATH 135. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 135', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('146', 'MATH', '006887', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 146 is an advanced-level version of MATH 136. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 135 may contact the instructor of MATH 146 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 145; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('147', 'MATH', '006888', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 147 is an advanced-level version of MATH 137. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 124, 127, 137', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('148', 'MATH', '006889', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 148 is an advanced-level version of MATH 138. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 137 may contact the instructor of MATH 148 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 147; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 138', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MATH', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 119; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 350, MATH 218, 228', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'ECE', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: 2A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'MATH', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 211/ECE 205; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 217, 227, 237, 247', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'ECE', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: 2B Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MATH', '006897', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Chemical Engineering', 'Curves and surfaces in R3. Multivariable functions, partial derivatives, the chain rule, gradients. Optimization, Lagrange Multipliers. Double and triple integrals, change of variable. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem and Stokes'' theorem. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, CIVE 221, ENVE 221, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 227, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217, ME 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'MATH', '006898', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Engineers', 'First order equations, second order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions, the Laplace transform method, systems of linear differential equations. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148, SYDE 112; Engineering or Earth Science students only. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350, 351, CIVE 222, ENVE 223, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 212N, 228, ME 203, SYDE 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MATH', '006907', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Physics', 'Directional derivative and the chain rule for multivariable functions. Optimization, Lagrange multipliers. Double and triple integrals on simple domains; transformations and Jacobians; change of variable in multiple integrals. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Line and surface integrals, Green''s Theorem, Stokes'' Theorem, Gauss'' Theorem, conservative vector fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Only open to Science students in honours plans. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 217, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'MATH', '006908', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Physics and Chemistry', 'First-order equations, second-order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions and special functions, the Laplace transform method. Applications in physics and chemistry are emphasized. [Offered: F,W; online: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'MATH', '006913', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Orthogonal and unitary matrices and transformations. Orthogonal projections, Gram-Schmidt procedure, best approximations, least-squares. Inner products, angles and orthogonality, orthogonal diagonalization, singular value decomposition, applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 106 or 114 or 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or (MATH 136 with a grade of at least 60%) or MATH 146; Honours Mathematics or Mathematical Physics students. Coreq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148. Antireq: MATH 225, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'MATH', '006914', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Mathematics', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Limits, continuity, differentiability, the chain rule. The gradient vector and the directional derivative. Taylor''s formula. Optimization problems. Mappings and the Jacobian. Multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems. [Note: MATH 247 may be substituted for MATH 237 whenever the latter is a plan requirement. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146) and (MATH 128 with at least 70% or MATH 138 with at least 60% or MATH 148); Honours Math or Math/Physics students. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 212N, 217, 227, 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'MATH', '006915', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics', 'Introduction to graph theory: colourings, matchings, connectivity, planarity. Introduction to combinatorial analysis: generating series, recurrence relations, binary strings, plane trees. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ((MATH 106 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 136 or 146) and (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145)) or level at least 2A Software Engineering; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'MATH', '006920', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 245 is an advanced-level version of MATH 235. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 225, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'MATH', '006921', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 (Advanced Level)', 'Topology of real n-dimensional space: completeness, closed and open sets, connectivity, compact sets, continuity, uniform continuity. Differential calculus on multivariable functions: partial differentiability, differentiability, chain rule, Taylor polynomials, extreme value problems. Riemann integration: Jordan content, integrability criteria, Fubini''s theorem, change of variables. Local properties of continuously differentiable functions: open mapping theorem, inverse function theorem, implicit function theorem. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146, 148; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('249', 'MATH', '006922', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 249 is an advanced-level version of MATH 239. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with minimum grade of 80% or MATH 145) and (MATH 136 or 146); Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'COMM', '006938', 'UG', 'Commercial and Business Law for Mathematics Students', 'The judicial process, contract law, agency, bankruptcy, negotiable instruments, law of banking, insurance law, partnership law, company law, torts, real estate law.', 'Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, ECE 290; (For Mathematics students only) BUS 231W, CIVE 491, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401, MTHEL 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'MTHEL', '006940', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematics Education', 'Current trends in education, professional practices and administration, the role of the department head, lesson planning, techniques of teaching, evaluation of students, special students, extracurricular activities, the relationship between elementary and secondary school mathematics, audio-visual materials. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Mathematics Teaching students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'COMM', '006943', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship, Technology and the Emerging Information Economy', 'A study of the spirit of entrepreneurship in the technology industry, opportunities emerging in the new information economy, and the implementation issues associated with starting an entrepreneurial venture in today''s rapidly changing environment. Many of the concepts covered will also be applicable to careers in the technology industry or in information-based companies, where \"intrapreneurship\" is an emerging theme. Approximately one-half of the class time will involve guest lectures by entrepreneurs actively involved in the business community. [Note: COMM 400 would serve as an excellent sequel to ECON 220 which focuses on identifying markets for viable entrepreneurial ideas, but ECON 220 is not a prerequisite.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 440W, MTHEL 400', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'MUSIC', '006944', 'UG', 'Understanding Music', 'The styles, forms, techniques, and terminology of Western music through lectures and listening, as exemplified by great works from all eras of music history. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'MUSIC', '006948', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Music Theory', 'An introduction to the primary skills of music practice emphasizing the reading and writing of musical notation. Students will learn elementary keyboard, listening, and sight-singing skills. [Note: For students with minimal musical background. Does not fulfil Music major or minor requirements.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MUSIC', '006951', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MUSIC', '006952', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 116', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140', 'MUSIC', '006959', 'UG', 'Popular Music and Culture', 'An examination of the styles, forms, and development of 20th century popular music. The social, commercial, and technological aspects of popular music are considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'MUSIC', '006981', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 117', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MUSIC', '006982', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 216', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'MUSIC', '006986', 'UG', 'Conducting 1', 'A study of conducting techniques appropriate for song leading, choral rehearsal, and public performance. The course will include score analysis and rehearsal procedures for music from a wide variety of historical styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'MUSIC', '006988', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Royal Conservatory Grade 8 Level. Audition required. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Studio Fee.]', 'Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MUSIC', '006989', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 226. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'MUSIC', '006990', 'UG', 'Music Cognition', 'The study of music from a behavioural science perspective. Topics include auditory perception, creativity and aesthetic experience, emotive human responses, and the social psychology of music activities. Recent research in the field of music cognition will be explored in detail.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'MUSIC', '006991', 'UG', 'Introduction to Jazz', 'A survey of the development of jazz schools and individual styles as well as a study of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic improvisation. Styles will be demonstrated through recordings and live performance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'MUSIC', '007001', 'UG', 'Cathedral and Court: Music to 1600', 'A study of major developments in western music during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, including Gregorian chant, mass, secular songs, instrumental music, and other musical genres that flourished under courtly and church patronage from the early Christian church to 1600.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'MUSIC', '007002', 'UG', 'Monteverdi to Mozart: Music from 1600-1800', 'A study of Baroque and Classical music of the 17th and 18th centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of opera, choral music, symphony, sonata, and the music of Monteverdi, Bach, Handel, Mozart, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'MUSIC', '007003', 'UG', 'The Romantic Century: Beethoven and Beyond', 'A study of music of the 19th century in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of principal forms in the music of Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, Bruckner, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'MUSIC', '007004', 'UG', 'Music Since 1900', 'A study of music of the 20th and early 21st centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include modern and contemporary composers'' challenges to traditional musical ideals in the music of Debussy, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Cage, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MUSIC', '007009', 'UG', 'The Symphony', 'A survey of the great symphonies from Haydn to Stravinsky, through lectures and listening. A portion of the course will be devoted to works being performed by the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony Orchestra during the term. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'MUSIC', '007018', 'UG', 'Music Theory 1', 'The study of basic melodic, harmonic, and voice leading concepts including an introduction to figured bass and functional harmony. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work. [Note: A basic knowledge of scales, triads, and music notation is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'MUSIC', '007020', 'UG', 'Music Theory 2', 'The study of harmony, counterpoint, and form of 18th and early 19th century music. Sight-singing, ear-training, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'MUSIC', '007025', 'UG', 'Music and Technology', 'A hands-on introduction to music and technology, including recording, audio editing, digital signal processing, and Musical Instrumental Digital Interface (MIDI). Course work will foster a practical understanding of digital music production software and techniques, and involve electroacoustic or acoustic composition. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'MUSIC', '007036', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'MUSIC', '007037', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 316', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'MUSIC', '007038', 'UG', 'Conducting 2', 'A continuation of the study of conducting techniques begun in MUSIC 222. The course focuses on the development of analytical and musical skills including score study, aural skills, and gestural clarity.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'MUSIC', '007039', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110; 227, 270; Music majors and minors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'MUSIC', '007040', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 326; Music majors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'MUSIC', '007041', 'UG', 'Aesthetics of Music', 'This course employs various methods to explore questions of musical meaning. Through study and discussion of selected sources from antiquity to the present, such themes as imitation, abstraction, beauty, and other debated issues will be examined in historical context and in relation to the other arts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'MUSIC', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'GSJ', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'MUSIC', '007045', 'UG', 'Music and Culture Travel Course', 'A spring term seminar approximately three weeks long, taught on location including daily lectures, attendance at music performances, and tours to places of cultural importance. Past and possible future locations include Vienna, London, Leipzig, South Africa, Morocco, Bali, and Estonia. [Note: Additional costs will apply. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'MUSIC', '007049', 'UG', 'Art Song', 'A study of the music written for solo voice from the 17th century to the present.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'MUSIC', '007050', 'UG', 'Piano Literature', 'A study of music for solo piano from its 17th and 18th century antecedents to the present. Using historical and analytical approaches, individual works will be considered within a tradition of particular forms, genres, and styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'MUSIC', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'RS', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CMW', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'MUSIC', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'RS', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'CMW', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'MUSIC', '007058', 'UG', 'Music Theory 3 (19th Century)', 'The study of chromatic harmony as well as melodic and formal aspects of 19th-century music. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'MUSIC', '007059', 'UG', 'Music Theory 4 (20th Century)', 'The study of the compositional aspects of 20th century music, including extended tonality, atonality, 12-tone writing, neo-classical idioms, and contemporary compositional procedures. Lab sessions will cover non-tonal melodic reading and complex chord structures.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('376', 'MUSIC', '007064', 'UG', 'Composition Seminar', 'An exploration of the discipline and craft of composing and arranging. Topics include choral, chamber ensemble, and orchestral techniques; electronic music; and charting for popular music. The course includes both score preparation and opportunities for recital performances of original works.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'MUSIC', '007066', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'MUSIC', '007069', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'MUSIC', '007072', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Music', 'A special study of a selected topic in music. Consult department for details. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'MUSIC', '007076', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 327. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('427', 'MUSIC', '007077', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 426. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417. Antireq: MUSIC 428', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'MUSIC', '007083', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'An independent research project for Honours Music students. The topic is determined through consultation between the student and a faculty advisor.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 491', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'OPTOM', '007086', 'UG', 'Pathophysiology', 'Pathogenesis of human disease based on a molecular and cellular framework. Fundamental concepts such as homeostasis, cell injury, protective responses (inflammation, fever, immune response) and the healing process. Systemic pathophysiology: abnormal functions of the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, nervous system, urinary system, muscular system, respiratory system and digestive system.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'OPTOM', '007087', 'UG', 'Neuroanatomy', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the head and neck, with emphasis on the special senses. The course includes neuroanatomy as a basis for understanding how various neuronal systems function.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('105', 'OPTOM', '007088', 'UG', 'Medical Microbiology', 'Bacterial physiology and genetics, normal flora, bacteria (including chlamydiae and rickettsiae), fungi, viruses, parasites and related diseases, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms of ocular disease and relevant ocular manifestations in appropriate topics.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'OPTOM', '007089', 'UG', 'Geometrical, Physical and Visual Optics', 'Nature of light, wave motion and superposition, rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction, image formation and quality, optical properties of plane and curved surfaces, prisms and thin lenses. Apertures and pupils. Thick lens theory, lens systems, ray construction, Fraunhofer diffraction and resolution limit. Fresnel diffraction. Simple optical eye models. Refractive error and its correction. Interference and coherence of light:applications. Lasers.', 'Prereq: (PHYS 111, 111L, 112, and 112L) or (PHYS 121, 121L, 122 and 122L) and MATH 127; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'OPTOM', '007090', 'UG', 'Visual Perception 1: Perception of Light', 'Sensory processes involved in visual perception. Topics include spectral sensitivity, light and dark adaptation, temporal and spatial resolution, and principles of photometry.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('114', 'OPTOM', '007092', 'UG', 'Ocular Anatomy and Physiology', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the eye. The course includes histology, gross anatomy and physiology, as a basis for understanding how the various ocular structures function individually and interact with each other. The course emphasizes the processes operating to maintain the eye as a viable organ and provides a patho-physiological and clinical perspective of the implications of breakdown of these mechanisms.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 104; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'OPTOM', '007093', 'UG', 'Systemic Disease', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis and management of diseases affecting the organs and tissues of the human body including: circulatory, hemopoietic/lymphoid, lungs/upper respiratory tract, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver/biliary tract, pancreas, urogenital system, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, skin, nervous system diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 103, 105; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'OPTOM', '007097', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 1', 'Single vision spectacle lenses. Lens and frame materials. Optical and ophthalmic instrumentation. Image quality. Polarization. Tinted lenses. Decentration and prismatic effect. Obliquely crossed cylinders. Spectacle magnification. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of spectacle lens power.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'OPTOM', '007102', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 2', 'Multifocal spectacle lenses. Aberrations of thin lenses and spectacle lens design. Prescribing and fitting of spectacles. Environmental and occupational prescribing. Prescription analysis. Ophthalmic and visual standards. Computer vision syndrome. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of complex spectacle lenses, and spectacle frame adjustment and repairs.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106, 216; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'OPTOM', '007104', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 2', 'Basic and clinical ocular motility. Basic concepts of ocular motility are integrated with clinical methods. Assessment and diagnosis of strabismic and non-strabismic disorders.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 142, 152; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'OPTOM', '007106', 'UG', 'Diseases of the Eye 2', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and epidemiology of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye; higher visual and oculomotor systems; multisystem diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'OPTOM', '007107', 'UG', 'Clinical Ocular Pharmacology', 'Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of ophthalmic drug design and delivery. Selection and use of ophthalmic diagnostic pharmaceutical agents, palliative agents and therapeutic pharmaceutical agents. Mechanism of action, contraindications and adverse drug reactions. Recommended guidelines for use and follow-up procedures.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245, 231, 255; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'OPTOM', '007113', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 3', 'Spectacle frame materials. Fitting and adjusting techniques. Selection of lens design. Lenses for high myopia. Dispensing of eye protectors. Optics of low vision aids. Patient counselling and management of dispensing problems. Laboratories provide experience in practical aspects of ophthalmic dispensing.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 216, 246) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'OPTOM', '007115', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 1', 'Indications and contra-indications for contact lens wear. Lens selection and design. Fitting and evaluating rigid and hydrogel soft contact lenses. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of contact lens materials. Optical and mathematical concepts. The ocular physiological response to contact lens wear. Care and maintenance of contact lenses.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 143, 246, 252) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348A', 'OPTOM', '007118', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348B', 'OPTOM', '007119', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'OPTOM', '007128', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 2', 'Detection and management of chronic and acute complications induced by contact lenses. Contact lens management options for special conditions such as dry eye, aphakia, and keratoconus (and other corneal irregularities). Disposable lenses and replacement regimens. Extended wear options. Alternative management of refractive errors such as orthokeratology and refractive surgery. Contact lenses and presbyopia.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 155/245, 347) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'OPTOM', '007132', 'UG', 'Case Analysis 3', 'Building on analytical principles developed in OPTOM 342, this course involves student, case-based presentations in a grand rounds format. Each student chooses one, different, interesting case from his/her previous clinical experience. The student presents the case and answers questions related to the case and the patient''s condition(s). Faculty discussants will direct the students in assessing the basic and clinical science features of the cases. Patient cases may be chosen from any aspect of optometric practice.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'OPTOM', '007134', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of literature review on the student''s area of interest, experimental design proposition, and preliminary data. Before registering in the course the student and the designated supervisor must submit to the coordinator a research proposal for the student''s research area. The format of the paper is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters, in journal style, or in an oral presentation, during the registered term, at seminar sessions (OPTOM 609/OPTOM 629).', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'OPTOM', '007136', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 3', 'Supervised optometric patient care in a variety of the University of Waterloo optometric clinical settings. Activities include assessment, diagnosis and management of disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions, dispensing and fitting of optometric appliances and rehabilitative vision care. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'OPTOM', '007137', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 1', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one or more external clinical settings.This course is complementary to OPTOM 468 Clinical Clerkship 2 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('468', 'OPTOM', '007138', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 2', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one, or more, external clinical settings. This course is complementary to OPTOM 458 Clinical Clerkship 1 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'OPTOM', '007140', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposal in OPTOM 441 and it is recommended that the format of the report, to be determined with the supervisor, follow the format selected for OPTOM 441.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 441; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461S', 'OPTOM', '007150', 'UG', 'Optometry Seminar', 'This is a seminar course.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477', 'OPTOM', '007152', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 4', 'This course will provide an opportunity for optometry students to discuss and evaluate clinical techniques, instrumentation, and ideologies not covered in the current curriculum. Students will be encouraged to use their basic knowledge of the vision sciences to provide a perceptive critique of the clinical subjects addressed.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PACS', '007191', 'UG', 'Roots of Conflict, Violence, and Peace', 'An examination of influential theories about the sources and nature of conflict, violence, and peace. Contributions from the social sciences as well as the humanities will be explored, with attention to connections between interpersonal, intergroup, and international levels of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PACS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'LS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'PACS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students. Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'LS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'PACS', '007203', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Peace and Conflict Studies 2', 'A seminar course investigating special issues related to peace and conflict. Content may vary from year to year. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'PACS', '007210', 'UG', 'Doing Development: Issues of Justice and Peace', 'This course introduces a variety of theoretical and practical perspectives on international development. It examines current and alternative development programs in terms of their contribution to justice and/or peace at local, national, and global levels.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PACS', '007211', 'UG', 'Quest for Peace in Literature and Film', 'A study of works of literature and film which express a resistance to war. The course examines how the desire to articulate an anti-war position has engaged the artistic sensibilities and shaped the visions and modes of expression of selected writers and filmmakers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'PACS', '007212', 'UG', 'Community Conflict Resolution', 'An analysis of the growing use of mediation and other conflict resolution strategies in community conflicts, race relations, church disputes, and alternatives to the legal system. The course focuses on case studies with attention to both practical and theoretical issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PACS', '007213', 'UG', 'Restorative Justice and Transformative Education', 'This seminar course presents alternative ways of designing the educational experience using restorative justice as a foundation. It applies the principles and practices of restorative justice to many aspects of education including dealing with conflict, curriculum development, school culture, and system issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PACS', '007215', 'UG', 'Internship', 'An internship allows students to engage in experiential learning with an organization that deals with peace and conflict issues, in either a Canadian or international context. The course integrates theory and practice, while facilitating the development of attitudes, strategies, skills, and knowledge that support work in a Peace and Conflict Studies-related setting. Students will identify an appropriate placement, read relevant texts, and submit a report reflecting on what the internship revealed about the integration of peace and conflict studies theory and practice. [Note: Additional costs should be expected.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PACS', '007217', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PACS', '007218', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110A', 'PHIL', '007228', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy: Knowledge and Reality', 'An introduction to central issues in metaphysics and epistemology. Questions to be considered might include: \"Can we know anything?\", \"Does God exist?\", \"Is the mind just a brain?\", \"Do human beings have free will?\"', 'Antireq: PHIL 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100J', 'PHIL', '007231', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy', 'This course seeks to introduce students to the nature of philosophy. This is done through the examination of core texts and figures in the history of philosophy as well as in the discussion of perennial philosophical questions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118J', 'PHIL', '007241', 'UG', 'Virtue and the Good Life', 'An examination of the importance of virtue in general and of the cardinal virtues in particular (practical wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation) for the development of moral character and the enjoyment of the good life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120J', 'PHIL', '007242', 'UG', 'The Meaning of Life', 'We may have distinct ideas about the reason why we do this or that, but is there a point to our existence as a whole? What do or should we live for? Or is life essentially meaningless or even absurd? What do such questions mean and how can we best answer them? The views of different philosophers will be explored and compared.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'PHIL', '007246', 'UG', 'Critical Thinking', 'An analysis of basic types of reasoning, structure of arguments, critical assessment of information, common fallacies, problems of clarity and meaning.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'PHIL', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'CLAS', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'PHIL', '007249', 'UG', 'Great Works: Modern', 'A historical survey of modern philosophy in the Western tradition. [Note: Formerly PHIL 250B.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 250B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200J', 'PHIL', '007250', 'UG', 'Aristotelian Logic', 'An introduction to the understanding of how words are used, the formation of propositions, the construction of arguments and the examination of fallacies to help the student argue with order, facility and without error.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PHIL', '007251', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Sex and Love', 'Classic and contemporary philosophical examination of sex and love. Questions considered might include the following: Do you love because your love-object is worthy, or do you find your love-object worthy because of your love for them? Does sex ever involve using persons as mere means to an end? Should it?', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PHIL', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GSJ', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204J', 'PHIL', '007254', 'UG', 'Philosophy and Culture', 'An exploration of the nature of culture and its role in the life and development of the human being through an analysis of the assumptions of Western popular culture in such areas as technology and the internet, individual freedom, sexuality, and the global economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305J', 'PHIL', '007256', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Nature', 'A philosophical study of the most fundamental and common aspects of the natural world. After examining how such a study differs from and complements modern science, topics such as nature, matter, change, cause, time, and chance will be explored.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306J', 'PHIL', '007257', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Science', 'A philosophical study of the approaches to the material world used by contemporary physical science. The nature and the value of the experimental method in the writings of scientists past and present will be examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208', 'PHIL', '007259', 'UG', 'Philosophy Through Science Fiction', 'Questions regarding such matters as the nature of knowledge, logic and language, mind and brain, space and time, causality, ethics, and politics are explored through classic philosophic texts and science fiction narratives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'PHIL', '007260', 'UG', 'Philosophy in Literature', 'Philosophical themes will be explored through appropriate literary works.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210J', 'PHIL', '007263', 'UG', 'Human Nature', 'What is a human being? The course examines this question from a philosophical perspective. Topics to be covered may include the soul, the body, emotions, the intellect, the will, relationships, sex, and human dignity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'PHIL', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ARBUS', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'PHIL', '007267', 'UG', 'Probability and Decision Making', 'This course covers a set of related topics in probability, inductive reasoning, game theory, and decision theory which are of both theoretical and practical interest, having application to the philosophy of science, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, political science, and economics. The course begins with probability theory, introduces utility theory, and discusses approaches to the theory of decision making with attention to their epistemological, social, and ethical implications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218J', 'PHIL', '007269', 'UG', 'Foundations of Ethics', 'What is ethics and what is it based on? What does it mean for an action, a person, or a life to be morally good? Can philosophy provide any objective and universal answers to moral questions? The views of different philosophers will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219J', 'PHIL', '007270', 'UG', 'Practical Ethics', 'An examination of contemporary ethical issues pertinent to our Western societies, such as abortion, euthanasia, the treatment of animals, the environment, and free expression.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHIL', '007271', 'UG', 'Moral Issues', 'This course surveys several controversial moral topics, and a range of philosophical views on each. Topics may include abortion, cloning, euthanasia and suicide, sexism, prostitution, pornography, torture, and animal rights. [Note: Formerly PHIL 220.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'PHIL', '007272', 'UG', 'Ethics', 'An introduction to moral theories, including ones based on virtue, consequences, and rights and duties, with discussion of historical developments leading to those theories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'PHIL', '007274', 'UG', 'Environmental Ethics', 'Philosophical perspectives on such issues as climate change, pollution, use of scarce resources, biodiversity, and our relations with animals and future generations. This course will also consider bioactivism and other approaches to environmental problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PHIL', '007275', 'UG', 'Biomedical Ethics', 'An examination of ethical issues in the health sciences, such as the patient-doctor relationship, reproductive rights and technologies, genetic testing, allocation of medical resources, and end-of-life decisions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230J', 'PHIL', '007277', 'UG', 'God and Philosophy', 'What is God? Does God exist? Can philosophy prove God or is agnosticism or atheism more reasonable? Is God compatible with evil and suffering or with a modern scientific worldview? Such questions will be explored from a variety of perspectives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'PHIL', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'RS', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'PHIL', '007285', 'UG', 'Introduction to Formal Logic', 'An examination of classical propositional logic, covering proof methods, expressive completeness, soundness, and completeness. Also an introduction to quantificational logic.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PHIL', '007292', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mind', 'This course will discuss fundamental questions concerning the nature of mind, including the relation between mind and body, the plausibility of commonsense views of the mind, and knowledge of other minds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHIL', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PSYCH', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'PHIL', '007297', 'UG', 'The Existentialist Experience', 'An introduction to existentialism using both literary and philosophical texts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318J', 'PHIL', '007308', 'UG', 'Philosophy and the Family', 'A philosophical examination of the family: its foundation, its purpose, its importance in personal growth and its relation to political community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319J', 'PHIL', '007309', 'UG', 'Ethics of End-of-Life Care', 'What options does a person reaching the end of life have and how can they best be cared for? How can we balance patient autonomy with the expertise of the health-care provider and the demands of the health-care system? This course will help students think philosophically and critically about issues like these in their cultural, historical, and legal context. Specific topics may include consent, human dignity, euthanasia, refusal or withdrawal of treatment, palliative care and holistic patient care, pluralism and diverse understandings of dying, and treatment of the elderly.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'PHIL', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LS', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PHIL', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'FINE', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PHIL', '007317', 'UG', 'Topics in Epistemology', 'Special topics in epistemology, as announced by the department. Potential topics include (but are not limited to) the epistemology of testimony, the epistemology of disagreement, normative social cognition, and the varieties and functions of ignorance. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 250B, 251, 255, 284', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PHIL', '007320', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mathematics', 'An introduction to philosophical problems concerning mathematics. Topics may include: what makes mathematical statements true (e.g., do numbers exist?); whether mathematics is a human creation or something we discover; what counts as a proof; mathematical paradoxes; the relationship between mathematics and other sciences; and mathematical pluralism. [Note: Formerly PHIL 359.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHIL', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CLAS', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PHIL', '007326', 'UG', 'Medieval Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in medieval philosophy. Augustine, Boethius, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aquinas, and Scotus are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'PHIL', '007328', 'UG', 'History of Modern Philosophy', 'In this course, students will learn about one or more important figures, periods, or issues in modern philosophy. Descartes, Locke, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant are among the figures who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'PHIL', '007330', 'UG', '19th- and 20th-Century Philosophy', 'A course on one or more important figures or issues in 19th- or 20th-century philosophy, as announced by the department. The focus of the course may change each time it is offered. Potential figures include (but are not limited to) Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, James, Dewey, Peirce, Frege, Carnap, and Russell. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'PHIL', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GSJ', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Gender and Social Justice students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326J', 'PHIL', '007336', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Social Justice', 'What is justice and more particularly what makes a society just? In the philosophical treatment of this problem, notions such as the purpose of community living, private and common goods, individual freedom, and social responsibility will be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'PHIL', '007337', 'UG', 'Studies in Ethics', 'Special topics in ethics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'PHIL', '007339', 'UG', 'Studies in Political Philosophy', 'Special topics in political philosophy, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PHIL', '007345', 'UG', 'Studies in Logic', 'Special topics in logic, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 240, 341, 342, PMATH 330', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450J', 'PHIL', '007348', 'UG', 'Being and Existence', 'A discussion of metaphysics as the kind of examination initiated by the Greeks (e.g., Parmenides and Aristotle) and renewed subsequently by many other philosophers (e.g., Aquinas and Heidegger), understood as ontology or the rational study of being as such. Notions such as reality, essence, existence, and analogy will be discussed.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451J', 'PHIL', '007349', 'UG', 'Thomas Aquinas', 'An in-depth study of a particular theme in Thomas Aquinas. Specific topic to vary. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.5 units in PHIL; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PHIL', '007350', 'UG', 'Studies in Metaphysics', 'Special topics in metaphysics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PHIL', '007355', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PHIL', '007356', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PHIL', '007365', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'PHIL', '007366', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'PHYS', '007388', 'UG', 'Physics 1', 'An introduction to physics for students intending to concentrate their further studies in biology, dentistry, medicine and paramedicine; includes particle kinematics and dynamics, energy and momentum conservation, and rotational mechanics. [Offered: F, W; also offered online: W]', 'Antireq: PHYS 115, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111L', 'PHYS', '007389', 'UG', 'Physics 1 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 111. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 111 Antireq: PHYS 121L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'PHYS', '007390', 'UG', 'Physics 2', 'A continuation of PHYS 111; includes simple harmonic motion, electrostatic force and potential, electric current and power, DC circuits, magnetic field and induction, wave motion, sound and optics. [Offered: W,S; also offered online: S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 111 or 121; Antireq: PHYS 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112L', 'PHYS', '007391', 'UG', 'Physics 2 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 112. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 112 Antireq: PHYS 122L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'PHYS', '007392', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'Brief review of kinematics. Particle dynamics, work, energy, conservation of energy. Conservation of linear momentum, collisions, rotational kinematics and dynamics, conservation of angular momentum. Equilibrium of rigid bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Antireq: PHYS 111, 121; First year Engineering students only', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHYS', '007393', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'An introductory course in physics for students intending to concentrate their future studies in the physical sciences, optometry, or mathematics; includes vectors (dot and cross products), particle kinematics and dynamics, forces in nature, work and energy, conservation of energy and linear momentum, rotational kinematics and dynamics, and conservation of angular momentum. [Note: Successful completion of 4U Calculus and Vectors, 4U Advanced Functions and 4U Physics is required. Offered: F, also offered online: W]', 'Coreq: One of MATH 104, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: PHYS 111, 115, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'PHYS', '007394', 'UG', 'Mechanics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 121. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 121 Antireq: PHYS 111L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'PHYS', '007396', 'UG', 'Waves, Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 122. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 122. Antireq: PHYS 112L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'PHYS', '007398', 'UG', 'Physics for Engineers', 'Oscillations; simple harmonic motion. Wave motion, travelling and standing waves; transverse and longitudinal waves, including sound. Geometrical optics; reflection and refraction. Physical optics; interference and diffraction. Quantum physics; quantization of radiation; hydrogen atom. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Engineering students only. Antireq: PHYS 112, PHYS 122', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'PHYS', '007407', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 1', 'Background of quantum physics. Introduction to formalism of quantum physics. Introduction to operators. Quantization, waves, and particles. The uncertainty principle. The Schroedinger equation for one-dimensional problems: bound states in square wells, harmonic oscillator, transmission through barriers. [Note: CS 114, PHYS 236, or knowledge of computational methods is recommended. Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 249, MATH 114, 136; One of MATH 128, 138, 148. Coreq: One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251. Antireq: CHEM 356, NE 232, PHYS 233, ECE 405', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242L', 'PHYS', '007418', 'UG', 'Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 242. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 242 Antireq: PHYS 224L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHYS', '007422', 'UG', 'Geometrical and Physical Optics', 'Geometrical optics: image formation, ray tracing through multiple optical components, dispersion by prisms, optical fibers, optical instruments - eyes, telescopes, microscopes, and cameras, introduction to aberrations; physical optics: interference and interferometers, diffraction, imaging resolution, diffraction gratings and their use in spectroscopy; wave-particle duality; introduction to the electromagnetic nature of light and polarization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148. Coreq: PHYS 256L for Science students except for Mathematical Physics Plan. Antireq: ECE 404', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256L', 'PHYS', '007423', 'UG', 'Optics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 256. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 256', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'PHYS', '007428', 'UG', 'Planets', 'Terrestrial and gas giant planets in the Solar System, asteroids and comets. Extrasolar planets and astrobiology. Star and planet formation. [Offered: F]', 'Pereq: One of PHYS 111, 115, 121, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PHYS', '007434', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 2', 'Formalism of quantum mechanics. Operator approach to the harmonic oscillator. Quantum mechanics in three dimensions: Hydrogen atom, angular momentum and spin. Time-independent perturbation theory. Fine structure of hydrogen. Zeeman effect. Identical particles. The variational principle. Ground state of the helium atom. Applications in atomic and molecular physics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 234 or CHEM 356; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; MATH 227 or 237 or 247. Antireq: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PHYS', '007438', 'UG', 'Electronics', 'Norton and Thévenin equivalent circuits, bipolar junction and field-effect transistors, operational amplifiers, negative feedback, noise, common circuits used for measurement and control of laboratory experiments, introduction to digital circuits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 122 (winter 2019 or later), 224, 242. Coreq: PHYS 391L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391L', 'PHYS', '007439', 'UG', 'Electronics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 391. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'PHYS', '007444', 'UG', 'Thermal Physics', 'Temperature and thermodynamic equilibrium. Work, internal energy and heat; first law, with examples. Kinetic theory of gases. Basic probability theory. Microscopic states and entropy. Absolute temperature, reversibility and the second law. Thermodynamic Functions and Maxwell''s relations. Phase transitions. Third Law. Other applications of thermodynamics. [Formerly PHYS 258. Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: CHEM 254, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'PHYS', '007445', 'UG', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Fundamental postulate of statistical thermodynamics. Entropy. Microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles. Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Boltzmann Statistics. Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. Applications to specific heat of solids, classical and quantum gases, electrons in metals, Planck''s law of radiation, and Bose-Einstein condensation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 358, ECE 403, CHEM 254, ME 250; One of PHYS 233, 234, CHEM 356, co-requisite: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360A', 'PHYS', '007446', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments in mechanics, optics, electronics, atomic, molecular, nuclear, and solid state physics. [Note: Students in programs joint with Physics should see department for enrolment access. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MNS 201L, PHYS 260L, 270L; Honours Physics, Physics and Astronomy, or Materials and Nanosciences', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360B', 'PHYS', '007447', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 2', 'Continuation of PHYS 360A. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 360A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PHYS', '007449', 'UG', 'Intermediate Classical Mechanics', 'Non-inertial frames of reference. Calculus of variations. Lagrangian mechanics. Coupled oscillations and normal modes. Hamiltonian dynamics. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of PHYS 263 or AMATH 271; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'PHYS', '007450', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 1', 'Sturm-Liouville theory. Legendre, Bessel, and other special functions. Fourier series and introduction to Fourier transforms. Separation of variables. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics or Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PHYS', '007451', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 2', 'Introduction to probability and statistics. Complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue theorem, contour integrals and applications. Fourier and Laplace transforms with applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 332', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'PHYS', '007457', 'UG', 'Stars', 'Stellar distances, masses, ages. Stellar interiors and atmospheres, star formation and evolution. Supernovae, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; Two of PHYS 234, 242, 256, 275, 358, AMATH 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHYS', '007458', 'UG', 'Molecular and Cellular Biophysics', 'Cell structure and molecular composition; intermolecular interactions and hydration; protein structure and function; cytoskeletal filaments; DNA structure, packing and chromosomes; rate equations and biological dynamics (e.g., cytoskeletal polymerization); self-assembly; cell membranes; action potentials and biological electricity; molecular motors; cell motility. [Note: Recommended PHYS 280/BIOL 280. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; CHEM 123 or 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PHYS', '007463', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 3', 'Symmetries and conservation laws. Review of time-independent perturbation theory (degenerate and non-degenerate, Rayleigh-Schrodinger, Brillouin-Wigner and canonical perturbation theory; effective Hamiltonian derivation). Time-dependent perturbation theory (1st and 2nd order, adiabatic perturbation, Aharonov-Bohm effect). Fermi''s golden rule. Two-level systems. Emission and absorption of radiation (applications). Second quantization of electromagnetic field in free space; photons. Spontaneous emission and natural lifetime; Lamb shift. Elements of scattering theory. Introduction to the Dirac equation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 364 or (AMATH 351 and 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'PHYS', '007464', 'UG', 'Current Topics in Condensed Matter Physics', 'Physics pertaining to collective and emergent phenomena in condensed matter systems. Examples of topics to be covered include magnetism, superconductivity, heavy Fermion systems, quantum hall effect, protein folding, membranes, DNA physics, polymer physics, Modern experimental and theoretical techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 335, 359; PHYS 334 or AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437A', 'PHYS', '007465', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'A research project in any area of Physics approved by the course co-ordinator(s). The student is required to present a summary of the project orally and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. Some projects, especially those with an experimental emphasis, will likely continue as 437B. In these cases, students will submit an interim written report, in addition to the oral presentation. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Materials and Nanosciences or Life Physics students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437B', 'PHYS', '007466', 'UG', 'Research Project (Continued)', 'A continuation of the project undertaken in PHYS 437A. The student is required to present a summary of the project orally or by poster and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 437A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'PHYS', '007470', 'UG', 'Introduction to Particle Physics', 'This course introduces students to the standard model of particle physics. Topics covered include symmetries, particle classification, experimental methods and tools, scattering, Feynman diagrams, gauge theories, quantum electrodynamics, quarks, quantum chromodynamics, weak interactions, and the Higgs mechanism. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 363; (PHYS 364 and 365) or (AMATH 332, 351, 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PHYS', '007479', 'UG', 'Cosmology', 'Robertson-Walker metric and Friedmann equations. Observational cosmology. Dark matter and dark energy. Gravitational lensing. Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background. Inflation. Structure formation. [Note: PHYS 474 is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'PLAN', '007489', 'UG', 'The Evolution of Planning', 'Introduction to planning in its historical and contemporary contexts. Discussion of city types and origins. Consideration of local, national, and international design and management of environment and human habitations. Introduction to selected main themes in planning and architecture. [Note: Estimated additional cost to student: $30.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'PLAN', '007493', 'UG', 'Visual Approaches to Design and Communication', 'Practical project-based skill development involving sketching, digital and film photography, and 2-dimensional computer graphics used by planners to conceive, evaluate, and communicate design ideas. [Note: Estimated material cost to student will not exceed $125+HST.]', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'PLAN', '007500', 'UG', 'Community Design Fundamentals for Planners', 'This course explores the role of design in shaping human settlements. Students will study fundamental concepts related to urban and regional form and structure as well as the principles of design. The course will examine the impacts of design and place-making on human well-being through problem-based explorations of built form vis-à-vis transit and movement, sustainability and resilience, social institutions (including heritage), physical infrastructure, social justice, and economic development. Students will demonstrate design literacy through the creation of a sketchbook and a portfolio.', 'Prereq: PLAN 110; Level at least 2A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'PLAN', '007502', 'UG', 'Regional Planning and Economic Development', 'The relationship of economic planning to regional planning. Concepts of economic development and models of regional development planning. Case studies and examples are drawn from federal regional development efforts in Canada and/or from Third World nations. Workshops focus on regional planning and development at both a conceptual and empirical level.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PLAN', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'GEOG', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'PLAN', '007531', 'UG', 'Planning, Administration, and Finance', 'Important planning and financial instruments, administrative processes and planning practice are reviewed. Planning and Municipal Acts, official plans, plan amendments, zoning bylaws, site plans, easements, consents, variances, assessments, mill rates, capital works, and debentures. Municipal budgets and accounting concepts, and financing are studied.', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'PLAN', '007539', 'UG', 'Planning Theory', 'The course will examine key theoretical contributions to planning practice as well as selected theories guiding place and place-making. Issues of professional practice and ethics will also be considered.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'PLAN', '007557', 'UG', 'Neighbourhood and Community Planning', 'This course examines concepts and issues related to social planning for neighbourhood and community environments. It considers planning for particular target populations in the contexts of gentrification, suburbanization and core area revitalization. It will review models of neighbourhood change and community development and will address ways to involve community members in the planning process. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $45+HST.]', 'Prereq: PLAN 233', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PLAN', '007558', 'UG', 'Canadian Environmental Policy and Politics', 'Consideration of the intersection between key ecological themes and recent policy developments. Investigation of current issues in environmental science and politics. Development of critical skills for assessing, framing and conveying information essential to planning, managing and developing policy for environmental stewardship.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'PLAN', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('368', 'GEOG', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'PLAN', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 101, 202/202A, PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'GEOG', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 202, GEOG/ERS 203, GEOG 250 or PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PLAN', '007562', 'UG', 'Research Methods for Planners', 'This course develops the capacity of students to apply research methods to planning-related issues. Examination of a variety of alternative approaches to designing and conducting research. Students learn how to become informed consumers and producers of planning-related research.', 'Prereq: PLAN/GEOG 281, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'PLAN', '007577', 'UG', 'Planners and Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers, and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices. [Note: Additional cost for document preparation will not exceed $100+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'PLAN', '007579', 'UG', 'Professional Practice, Public and Private Administration', 'Professional practice responsibility and ethics, administrative methods and organization are considered in the context of the nature of organizations, politics and economics that provide opportunities and limitations. Perspectives are drawn from organizational theory, public administration, land economics, political and planning theory. Public sector decision making and policy development are discussed. This course may have a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $25+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PLAN', '007588', 'UG', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $60+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PLAN', '007592', 'UG', 'Urban Services Planning', 'This course will explore the interconnections and cascading effects of urban infrastructure services (waste and water systems, power grids, transport networks, digital circuits) and the politics of planning for urban services in global and globalizing cities across the globe. Students will examine, in particular, the impact of climate change, and our collective responses to it, on the delivery of urban services and the role of progressive planning and policy in mediating infrastructure disruptions and disasters.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PLAN', '007599', 'UG', 'Planning Law', 'An analysis of the legal basis for planning in Ontario and the practice of planning law as it affects planners, municipalities, local councils, property owners and residents. The roles of planning boards, municipal councils, the Ontario Land Tribunal, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, provincial Cabinet and the Niagara Escarpment Commission in the planning process will be discussed.', 'Prereq: ENVS 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PLAN', '007608', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Planning', 'Course content varies according to instructor availability and demand for specific topics in planning, including field courses. [Note: Field trip fee may be required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'PLAN', '007636', 'UG', 'Land Development Planning', 'An examination of planning issues related to the design, economics and financing of private land and building construction projects including residential high-rise condominium, low-rise residential subdivision, infill, intensification and brownfield redevelopment and industrial/commercial land development. The course focuses on developer decision-making, analysis of risk, sources of financing, planning, environmental and engineering aspects of land development. This course may include a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $50+HST]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'PLAN', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'CIVE', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PLAN', '007638', 'UG', 'Projects, Problems, and Readings in Planning', 'Special planning projects and problems chosen in consultation with instructor. [Note: Prior to registering for this course, students must arrange with a faculty member to serve as advisor and complete a contract.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PLAN', '007655', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Practical experience in carrying out a research proposal under the direction of a faculty member. The results of this research will be presented in the form of an essay that meets both professional and academic standards.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'PMATH', '007659', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Logic', 'A broad introduction to mathematical logic. The notions of logical consequence and derivation are introduced in the settings of propositional and first order logic, with discussions of the completeness theorem and satisfiability. [Note: PMATH 432 may be substituted for PMATH 330 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 or 145) and (MATH 225 or 235 or 245); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 245, SE 212.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PMATH', '007662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Rings and Fields with Applications', 'Rings, ideals, factor rings, homomorphisms, finite and infinite fields, polynomials and roots, field extensions, algebraic numbers, and applications, for example, to Latin squares, finite geometries, geometrical constructions, error-correcting codes.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PMATH', '007663', 'UG', 'Introduction to Group Theory with Applications', 'Groups, permutation groups, subgroups, homomorphisms, symmetry groups in two and three dimensions, direct products, Polya-Burnside enumeration.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PMATH', '007664', 'UG', 'Elementary Number Theory', 'An elementary approach to the theory of numbers; the Euclidean algorithm, congruence equations, multiplicative functions, solutions to Diophantine equations, continued fractions, and rational approximations to real numbers. [Note: PMATH 440 may be substituted for PMATH 340 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: MATH 225/126 or 135 or 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'PMATH', '007665', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Mathematics of Quantum Information', 'Finite dimensional normed vector spaces and inner product spaces. Positive and normal operators, the spectral theorem, and singular value decomposition. Tensor products, finite dimensional C* algebras, and the GNS representation. Completely positive maps, Stinespring''s theorem, the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism, and the Choi-Krauss representation. Entanglement and the Bell and Tsirelson inequalities. Vector states and density matrices, quantum channels, observables, and quantum measurement.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (AMATH/PMATH 331 or MATH 247 or PMATH 333). Antireq: PMATH 399 taken Winter 2019', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PMATH', '007669', 'UG', 'Real Analysis', 'Normed and metric spaces, open sets, continuous mappings, sequence and function spaces, completeness, contraction mappings, compactness of metric spaces, finite-dimensional normed spaces, Arzela-Ascoli theorem, existence of solutions of differential equations, Stone-Weierstrass theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'PMATH', '007672', 'UG', 'Complex Analysis', 'Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Goursat''s theorem, Cauchy''s theorems, Morera''s theorem, Liouville''s theorem, maximum modulus principle, harmonic functions, Schwarz''s lemma, isolated singularities, Laurent series, residue theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PMATH', '007674', 'UG', 'Lebesgue Integration and Fourier Analysis', 'Lebesgue measure on the line, the Lebesgue integral, monotone and dominated convergence theorems, Lp-spaces: completeness and dense subspaces. Separable Hilbert space, orthonormal bases. Fourier analysis on the circle, Dirichlet kernel, Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, Fejer''s theorem, and convergence of Fourier series.', 'Prereq: PMATH 351 with a grade of at least of 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PMATH', '007680', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PMATH', '007687', 'UG', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed, making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PMATH', '007690', 'UG', 'Analytic Number Theory', 'Summation methods, analytic theory of the Riemann zeta function, Prime Number Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic reciprocity. Dirichlet characters and infinitude of primes in arithmetic progressions, and assorted topics.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PMATH', '007691', 'UG', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Prereq: PMATH 348', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('467', 'PMATH', '007704', 'UG', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347, 351.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'PMATH', '007706', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'PSCI', '007724', 'UG', 'Global South', 'Why are some countries in the world poor and others rich? Why have some developing countries experienced rapid economic growth in recent years while others remain stagnant? What are some of the costs and benefits of development for societies and the environment? Students will explore multiple factors shaping economic growth, and political and social development in the Global South.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSCI', '007733', 'UG', 'Quantitative Analysis', 'How do quantitative methods contribute to political science? Students will study a range of quantitative methods, with an emphasis on practical applications. The course requires only a rudimentary understanding of mathematics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math students. Antireq: ARTS 280, BIOL 361, ECON 221, ENVS 278, ISS/SDS 250A/B, 250R, KIN 222, 232, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 205R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'PSCI', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'CLAS', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PSCI', '007740', 'UG', 'Modern Political Thought', 'Where do contemporary ideas about political obligation, equality, freedom, and justice originate? By studying some of the most influential texts in Western political theory that emerged from the 1500s to the 1800s, students will consider such concepts as social contract theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau), personal liberty (Mill), and structural-institutional critiques (Marx).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150, 225/CLAS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSCI', '007744', 'UG', 'Government and Business', 'How do the relations between government, business, and civil society function? Focusing on Canada in comparative context, students will study national and sub-national government policies relating to key debates in socio-economic development.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PSCI', '007747', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Economy of Advanced Industrial Democracies', 'How is the wealth of the \"rich democracies\" made? How is some of that wealth redistributed through democratic institutions and the actors who control them? Students will undertake comparative analyses across advanced industrialized liberal democracies.', 'Prereq: PSCI 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'PSCI', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'LS', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'PSCI', '007752', 'UG', 'American Government and Politics', 'How do the key institutions of the United States'' federal government function? Students will study the crucial elements of national political processes in America. Where appropriate, the course will focus on a particular upcoming electoral event.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PSCI', '007756', 'UG', 'World Politics', 'What patterns the distribution of power around the globe? When, where, and why does violent conflict or war break out? When, where, and why do co-operation and peace prevail? Students will study how billions of people live together in various degrees of harmony and disharmony.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('282', 'PSCI', '007757', 'UG', 'Foreign Policy', 'What trends prevail in foreign policy across states? Using a comparative approach by focusing on particular country-specific issues and approaches, students will explore important influences on the development of foreign policies and on the differentiation of big, middle, and small powers.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSCI', '007764', 'UG', 'Research Design in Political Science', 'What makes political science political science? Drawing on techniques from across various fields of political research, students will study the fundamentals of research design in political science, contrasting these approaches with dominant approaches in other closely related disciplines.', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'PSCI', '007771', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Political Theory', 'What is freedom? What does justice require? How does equality matter? Students will study 20th- and 21st-century thinkers'' interpretations of these, and other, key political values. Theoretical analysis will be grounded in current problems, such as poverty, racism, sexism, global inequalities, colonialism, and environmental degradation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PSCI', '007774', 'UG', 'Public Administration', 'What is the role of the public service in Canada? Students will study the structures and functions of Canada''s political system by examining the ways in which the public service relates to other institutions, such as the political executive and the legislature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'PSCI', '007776', 'UG', 'Topics in Canadian Public Administration', 'Students will examine the major issues in public administration, with course topic varying to reflect recent developments in Canada. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PSCI', '007789', 'UG', 'Political Economy of Development', 'What problems impede development in the Global South? Students will undertake the critical examination of North-South relations through the examination of topics including trade, investment, aid, industrialization, agri-business, development assistance, education, health, and food production.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 250, 252, 281. Antireq: INDEV 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PSCI', '007791', 'UG', 'Power Sharing in Divided Societies', 'How does the sharing of power ease or worsen conflict within society? Students will study different forms of power sharing, including pluralism, corporatism, consociationalism, and federalism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PSCI', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'LS', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PSCI', '007805', 'UG', 'Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy', 'What forces shape Canadian foreign policy? Students will study both the domestic and international factors that influence Canada''s foreign policy.', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; PSCI 281 or 282', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PSCI', '007806', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include climate change justice and transnational migration. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSCI', '007807', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. Past examples include political economy of energy in Canada, and dynastic politics in Pakistan. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'PSCI', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 370, LS 201; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'LS', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of LS 201, PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 291, 292, 370; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'PSCI', '007815', 'UG', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'What are the normative foundations, as well as limits, of democracy? Students will study contemporary challenges to democratic theory, focusing on questions of pluralism, inclusion and exclusion, rights, democratic organization, protest, and communication.', 'Prereq: PSCI 225/CLAS 225 or PSCI 226; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'PSCI', '007816', 'UG', 'Selected Subjects in Political Philosophy', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include genetics and justice. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'PSCI', '007818', 'UG', 'The State and Economic Life', 'What is the relationship between the state and economic life? Students will study current debates and competing ideological traditions as these conceptualize the relationship between the state and economic life.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PSCI', '007819', 'UG', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'Students will examine major trends in contemporary Canadian public policy, with course topic varying to reflect pressing policy issues. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 334; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PSCI', '007822', 'UG', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'How do systems of public administration vary across developmental contexts? Students will study the rise of the administrative state across cultural and political contexts.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PSCI', '007827', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Systems: Eastern Europe', 'What factors influence the politics of Eastern Europe? Students will compare political institutions and processes across the state of Eastern Europe.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSCI', '007830', 'UG', 'Topics in Politics in the Global South', 'Students will undertake advanced study of topics pertaining to politics and development, with topic varying according to current political issues and challenges. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'PSCI', '007831', 'UG', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution', 'What causes ethnic conflict? What strategies do states use to manage or resolve ethnic conflict? Students will undertake a comprehensive review of such strategies including both those that are morally unacceptable and those that are morally desirable.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSCI', '007834', 'UG', 'Canadian National Politics', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include the health (or ill-health) of Canadian democracy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PSCI', '007837', 'UG', 'Women and Public Policy', 'How, if at all, do public policies meet women''s needs? How do women experience public policies? Reviewing developments in Canada and elsewhere, students will reflect on the significance of feminist approaches to public policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PSCI', '007841', 'UG', 'Interstate War', 'What political forces shape war and conflict? Course topics will vary, depending on the instructor and current events. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 281 or 282; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PSCI', '007844', 'UG', 'Selected Topics in International Political Economy', 'Students will study particular issues of relevance to the latest debates in the field of international political economy. Topics may include the politics of global money and finance.', 'Prereq: PSCI 283 or 387; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PSCI', '007847', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include international trade and cultural literacy, and the practice of politics. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'PSCI', '007848', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include the ethics of war, the 2018 U.S. election, and U.S. foreign policy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'PSCI', '007849', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSCI', '007859', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer. [Note: A numeric grade for PSCI 499A will be submitted only after the completion of PSCI 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Political Science majors; Political Science average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSCI', '007860', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', 'Prereq: PSCI 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('207', 'PSYCH', '007889', 'UG', 'Cognitive Processes', 'An examination and evaluation of selected topics dealing with human information processing such as attention, memory, pattern recognition, consciousness, language, dyslexia, decision making, and problem solving.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'PSYCH', '007894', 'UG', 'Developmental Psychology', 'A course designed to introduce the student to current research and theory concerning children''s social, cognitive, and physical development from infancy through childhood to early adolescence.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212R', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213R', 'PSYCH', '007896', 'UG', 'Exceptional Children', 'Educational issues associated with cognitive, emotional, sensory, and physical differences and challenges.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253R', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSYCH', '007913', 'UG', 'The Psychology of Religious Experience', 'Approaches of traditional psychological theories toward phenomena of religious experience, mysticism, and prayer are examined. The psychological process of creating and naming \"gods\" is considered as well as comparisons among altered states of consciousness including some forms of prayer.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'PSYCH', '007915', 'UG', 'Psychology of Evil', 'Psychological perspectives concerning definitions, causes, and consequences of institutional and personal evil, as well as symbols and interpretations of evil in both religious and secular contexts, will be considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'PSYCH', '007917', 'UG', 'Psychological Perspectives on Gender and Sex', 'The course focuses on the existence of and bases for sex and gender differences with emphasis on biological, psychological, and cultural issues.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'PSYCH', '007918', 'UG', 'A Psychological Analysis of Human Sexuality', 'This course will examine psychological and social psychological theories and empirical investigations of human sexuality.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R. Antireq: SMF 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257R', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'PSYCH', '007931', 'UG', 'Physiological Psychology', 'Introduction to brain, basic physiological processes, and their roles in behaviour. Topics may include sensing and perceiving, neural bases of action, motivation, learning and memory, and consciousness. Both experimental and clinical data are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'PSYCH', '007934', 'UG', 'Basic Research Methods', 'This course introduces the methods used to observe, quantify, summarize, and describe behaviour in empirical psychological science. It focuses on research design and the interpretation of results.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A; Psychology majors. Coreq: MATH 103 if no 4U Math. Antireq: HLTH 333, ISS/SDS 251R, KIN 232, 330, REC 270, SWREN 251R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'PSYCH', '007935', 'UG', 'Basic Data Analysis', 'An introduction to the logic and methods of descriptive and inferential statistics with emphasis on application in Psychology. Topics covered include measures of central tendency and variability, distributions, the normal distribution, z-scores, hypothesis testing, probability, chi-square tests, t-tests, power, and correlation and regression. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291; Psychology majors; 1 of MATH 103 or 4U Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, KIN 222, 232, PSCI 214/314, REC 371, SDS 250R, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 250R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'PSYCH', '007938', 'UG', 'Perception', 'What we perceive through our senses makes up much of our conscious experience. This course examines how visual and auditory perception arises and includes topics such as how we become aware of colour, form, space, brightness, loudness, and pitch, and how this information guides behaviour. Other senses may be covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'PSYCH', '007939', 'UG', 'Human Neuropsychology', 'An introduction to current human experimental neuropsychology. The course will review evidence for brain-behaviour interactions obtained from studies of human brain damage and from investigations of the normal brain. Topics such as the representation of language, hemispheric specialization, memory, spatial ability, dyslexia, movement disorders, and affective disorders will be considered.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 261, KIN 356; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('308', 'PSYCH', '007940', 'UG', 'Psychology of Reading', 'An introduction to the psychology of reading with emphasis on 1) how adult readers recognize words, 2) various accounts of acquired dyslexias consequent to brain damage, 3) computational models of word recognition, and 4) the role of attention and eye movements in reading.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312R', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSYCH', '007944', 'UG', 'Cognitive Development', 'This course introduces research in the areas of debate in cognitive development pertaining to children in infancy and early childhood and drawn from a variety of disciplines including developmental psychology, psycholinguistics, and comparative psychology. Different methodologies and mechanisms of cognitive change are also covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 and 211; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSYCH', '007945', 'UG', 'Psychology of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood', 'A study of the psychological processes in the second and third decades of human development. Consideration is given to such areas as identity formation and intellectual, emotional, and social growth. Current concepts, issues, and research are stressed.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'PSYCH', '007947', 'UG', 'Child Psychopathology', 'An examination of children''s psychological disorders from several major perspectives with an emphasis on current research findings. Theoretical and clinical issues are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'PSYCH', '007948', 'UG', 'Psychosexual Organization', 'A detailed examination of concepts related to the formation of gender identity and psychosexual orientation. The nature-nurture debate will be explored as well as gay and lesbian identity and consciousness throughout the life cycle.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211 or 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334R', 'PSYCH', '007962', 'UG', 'Theories of Individual Counselling Psychology', 'An introduction to the methods, theories, and problems in individual counselling psychology.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PSYCH', '007965', 'UG', 'Introduction to Clinical Psychology', 'This course is designed to survey major aspects of clinical psychology such as historical background, assessment and intervention models, current trends, and future directions in clinical practice.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'PSYCH', '007967', 'UG', 'Organizational Psychology', 'Survey of organizational, group, and individual processes involved in work motivation, group dynamics, leadership, organizational climate, and organizational culture. [Note: Formerly PSYCH 338]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: PSYCH 338, AFM 280, MSCI 211, BUS 288W/388W, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('339', 'PSYCH', '007968', 'UG', 'Personnel Psychology', 'The application of psychology to human resource issues in Canadian organizations. Topics will include defining and measuring job performance, job analysis, performance appraisal, recruitment, personnel selection, and training. Procedures which meet technical, professional, and legal standards will be examined.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 101/101R or PSYCH 238, and one of PSYCH 291 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W, BUS 408W/498KW', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PSYCH', '007972', 'UG', 'Social Cognition', 'This course examines how people make sense of their social world: how they perceive, represent, interpret, and remember information about themselves and about other individuals and groups. Topics include representation, recall, and use of social knowledge, controllability of thought processes, effects of feelings and desires, stereotype activation and use, and cultural influences.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'PSYCH', '007977', 'UG', 'Evolutionary Psychology', 'The objective of the course is to consider human and animal behaviour from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective. Topics will include habitat selection and predator avoidance, sexual selection and mating systems, social behaviour, aggression, and evolutionary perspectives in perception and cognition.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 220R, 253/253R, 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSYCH', '007998', 'UG', 'Advanced Data Analysis', 'Aimed at developing an understanding of the use and interpretation of statistics in complex research designs, this course emphasizes analysis of variance and multiple comparison techniques to interpret the results of multi-factor experiments. The importance of power in factorial designs is discussed. The course includes a computer component that ties the use of a statistical package to the topics discussed in lectures. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology; Psychology average at least 74%. Antireq: STAT 322, 332, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'PSYCH', '008000', 'UG', 'Research in Developmental Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in developmental research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 395, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('394', 'PSYCH', '008001', 'UG', 'Research in Cognition and Perception', 'Current topics in the study of cognitive and perceptual processes including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 396, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'PSYCH', '008002', 'UG', 'Research in Social Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in social psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., ''hands on'' lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'PSYCH', '008003', 'UG', 'Research in Behavioural Neuroscience', 'Students learn about research in behavioural neuroscience in a hands-on, laboratory atmosphere with an emphasis on comparative and evolutionary approaches to understanding brain-behaviour relations. Projects include neuroanatomical methods and observation of behaviour using a variety of analytic methods. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'PSYCH', '008004', 'UG', 'Research in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in personality and/or clinical psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 395, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PSYCH', '008005', 'UG', 'Research in Memory', 'Current topics in the study of memory including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 396; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'PSYCH', '008006', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'PSYCH', '008007', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PSYCH', '008019', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Developmental Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in developmental psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSYCH', '008027', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Educational Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in educational psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 212/212R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PSYCH', '008035', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Social Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in social psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'PSYCH', '008049', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in personality and clinical psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'PSYCH', '008060', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognition', 'Topics reflect current issues in cognitive psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSYCH', '008065', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognitive Neuroscience', 'Topics reflect the research interests of faculty members, for example, cognitive neuropsychology, visual neuroscience, and hemispheric specialization. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'PSYCH', '008073', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Industrial/Organizational Psychology', 'Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Content may involve personnel (e.g., employee selection and appraisal) and/or organizational topics (groups/teams, justice, leadership, motivation, organizational culture, or organizational change). Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 238/338, AFM 280, MSCI 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'PSYCH', '008094', 'UG', 'Advanced Research Apprenticeship', 'This course involves an unpaid apprenticeship of 96 hours in a faculty member''s research lab in the Department of Psychology. Apprenticeship hours will be completed before the end of the lecture period for the term of enrolment. Students will be assigned duties that will enable them to advance their understanding of the research process. Course application forms are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. [Note: Grading is on a credit/no credit basis. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483 or 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PSYCH', '008096', 'UG', 'Applied Apprenticeship', 'For Psychology majors interested in a career in applied psychology. The course involves an unpaid apprenticeship in an industrial, medical, government, or other applied setting combined with regular seminar meetings. The apprenticeship will require a volunteer commitment of 60 hours during the lecture period. The course is offered on a credit/no credit basis. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. Course application forms are available at the Psychology undergraduate website. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291 and 292; Level at least 3A Psychology Majors; Psychology average at least 75%. Antireq: PSYCH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'PSYCH', '008097', 'UG', 'Emergent Literacy', 'Emergent literacy refers to the knowledge and skills children acquire from birth on through the preschool years that are important to the development of literacy (reading and writing). Students will learn about emergent literacy via a once-weekly seminar component and a once-weekly unpaid practicum placement at a local elementary public school where students will have the opportunity to read one-on-one with children who are at the beginning stages of reading. The practicum component will involve a commitment of up to 30 hours during the formal lecture period. Students wishing to enter the course must obtain a police check prior to the second week of classes. Transportation to the apprenticeship/volunteer setting is the student''s responsibility. Please review the course application form for information on safety for students on unpaid work placement and insurance responsibilities. Course application forms and further details are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211, 212/212R, 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Four-Year General Psychology students; Psychology average of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'PSYCH', '008098', 'UG', 'Directed Studies - Elective', 'The student will conduct an extensive literature review and write a major essay/critique of the literature under the supervision of a faculty member selected by the student. The course application form must include a detailed course plan including the method of evaluation. [Note: Normally students will take no more than three of PSYCH 480-486. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Psychology majors; Level at least 3A; Psychology average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSYCH', '008105', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 1', 'Under supervision of a faculty member students normally will review literature, design a study, present an oral research proposal, collect data, and write a scholarly report of the project. Students may choose to begin PSYCH 499 in their 3B or 4A term. [Note: No more than two of PSYCH 499A/499B/499C may be taken in one term. A grade for PSYCH 499A and 499B will be submitted only after completion of 499C. Further details are available in the Honours Thesis Handbook. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483, 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; cumulative Psychology average of 82%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSYCH', '008106', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 2', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A.', 'Prereq: Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology . Coreq: PSYCH 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499C', 'PSYCH', '008107', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 3', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A/B.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 499A; Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology. Coreq: PSYCH 499B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'REC', '008108', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Study of Recreation and Leisure', 'An overview of the broad field of recreation and leisure emphasizing the understanding of various leisure phenomena. As such, it provides the student with an introductory understanding of the nature and scope of leisure, leisure behaviour, and affiliated recreation activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'REC', '008109', 'UG', 'Introduction to Recreation and Leisure Services', 'Using a wide variety of leisure service agencies as examples, this course introduces students to the nature and scope of leisure provision. Topics include program components, the classification and management of resources, professionalism, and current managerial trends and future developments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'REC', '008110', 'UG', 'Play, Creativity and Child Development', 'A critical analysis of definitions, concepts and assumptions of classical, recent and modern theories of play with implications for programming, planning and evaluating children''s play.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'REC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: AHS/HEALTH 107 or SOC 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'SOC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'REC', '008117', 'UG', 'Marketing Recreation, Sport, and Events', 'Exploration of marketing concepts and methods available to public, commercial and private recreation, sport and event organizations. Topics may include the marketing philosophy, market research, market segmentation, and marketing mix strategies related to programming, distributing, pricing and promoting recreation, sport, and event experiences.', 'Prereq: Recreation and Leisure Students or Event Management Minor Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'REC', '008118', 'UG', 'Program Management and Evaluation', 'The scope of recreation program design and delivery is examined with particular emphasis on needs assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. This course emphasizes the application of the various management principles required for service delivery. A field trip fee estimated at $125 per student may be required.', 'Prereq: Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students. Antireq: REC 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'REC', '008119', 'UG', 'Outdoor Recreation, Tourism, and the Natural Environment', 'The course examines human-nature relationships in leisure and tourism contexts from an interdisciplinary perspective. It integrates experiential learning with theoretical and critical inquiry to understand and analyze values, attitudes, cultures, programming, impacts, management, and contemporary issues and trends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'REC', '008122', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Developmental and Emotional Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore the etiology of disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people with developmental and emotional disabilities.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'REC', '008123', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Physical Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore medical, sociocultural, and experiential understandings of physical disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people disabled by physical, natural, and social environments and structures within community.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'REC', '008128', 'UG', 'Introduction to Tourism', 'The scope and nature of tourism as a contemporary leisure experience is examined along with economic, political and social ramifications, research strategies employed, and implications for the future.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'REC', '008172', 'UG', 'Leisure and Community', 'This course covers concepts, theories, models, and issues relevant to understanding relationships between leisure and community. Areas of discussion may include the roles of leisure as a context for community building and development, critical understandings of relationships between community and leisure, as well as approaches to community building through leisure. Opportunities for experiential and collaborative learning will form major components of the course and a volunteer placement may be required.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'REC', '008173', 'UG', 'Aging and Leisure', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with the characteristics of the aging population, particularly as related to recreation, leisure, and lifestyle. It focuses both on the theoretical aspects of aging and their implications for leisure and on the practical aspects of recreation and leisure program development, delivery, and facilitation for all older adults.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'REC', '008188', 'UG', 'Quantitative Approaches to Leisure Research', 'An exploration of quantitative methodologies used in the fields of leisure. Philosophies, theoretical orientations, and ethical considerations will be emphasized as students discuss and participate in various approaches to research design, data collection, statistical analysis, and representation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408', 'REC', '008200', 'UG', 'Gender and Leisure', 'This seminar course focuses on recent theoretical and empirical research on the relationships between gender and leisure. Topics will include analysis of men''s and women''s leisure experiences, attitudes, constraints, challenges, and behaviours. Gendered aspects of leisure will be explored in a variety of social and cultural contexts, including families, informal and social settings, organized leisure, and the media.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;" - }, - "82b4ddf7ce4b9f36a47094d72403c63ad65998bdb3fa3894f97b3e33a34ea34d": { - "describe": { - "columns": [ - { - "name": "course_id!", - "ordinal": 0, - "type_info": "Int4" - }, - { - "name": "course_catalog_number", - "ordinal": 1, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "course_subject_code", - "ordinal": 2, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "year!", - "ordinal": 3, - "type_info": "Int2" - }, - { - "name": "term!", - "ordinal": 4, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "schedules!: _", - "ordinal": 5, - "type_info": "Jsonb" - } - ], - "nullable": [ - false, - false, - false, - false, - false, - null - ], - "parameters": { - "Left": [ - "Text" - ] - } + "fb3682b5101ae57448b6197f1e6d197c494a65300631fbf5bb13f9c7d6f00eee": { + "query": "REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_courses;\n", + "describe": { + "columns": [], + "parameters": { + "Left": [] + }, + "nullable": [] + }, + "hash": "fb3682b5101ae57448b6197f1e6d197c494a65300631fbf5bb13f9c7d6f00eee" }, - "query": "SELECT\n c.id AS \"course_id!\",\n c.catalog_number as course_catalog_number,\n c.subject_code AS course_subject_code,\n year AS \"year!\",\n term AS \"term!\",\n COALESCE(\n NULLIF(jsonb_agg(DISTINCT cs.*)::TEXT, '[null]'),\n '[]'\n )::jsonb AS \"schedules!: _\"\nFROM\n course_offerings co\n LEFT JOIN courses c ON c.id = co.course_id\n LEFT JOIN class_schedule cs ON cs.course_offering_id = co.id\nWHERE\n UPPER(c.subject_code) || c.catalog_number::VARCHAR = UPPER($1)\nGROUP BY\n c.id,\n co.id;\n" - }, - "93600fc6eb7c2fc7d0a63da71ecc769f1e4246eaaebcf2870637b5fe354ce101": { - "describe": { - "columns": [], - "nullable": [], - "parameters": { - "Left": [] - } + "1369ada1b329643cba0a87ecca3b36a7c0bbaed87d526e040d99e7d64ca357fb": { + "query": "INSERT INTO courses (catalog_number, subject_code, external_id, academic_level, title, description, requirements, enroll_consent, drop_consent, prerequisites_id)\nVALUES\n\t('610', 'ACC', '000003', 'GRD', 'Public Accounting Practice', 'This course will enhance students\u00bf technical and communication skills that they have developed through the application and integration of their knowledge in various types of cases. Students will use these skills extensively in their careers as financial professionals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ACC', '000004', 'GRD', 'External Reporting with Integration', 'This course emphasizes financial reporting standards, in conjunction with assurance and tax, and their application through the use of scenarios and simulations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'ACC', '000011', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Venture Creation', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the processes involved in moving an idea for a new venture from concept through to launch. The theoretical knowledge and practical skills needed to create a successful entrepreneurial enterprise are developed. Topics include definition and evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities, business planning, funding strategies and early-stage revenue models, legal issues and intellectual property protection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'ACC', '000012', 'GRD', 'IT Assurance and Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques', 'This course will address audit considerations and other assurance services in computer-based information systems. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'ACC', '000013', 'GRD', 'Business Process Enablement and Project Management', 'This course will cover methods of improving business processes and managing related organizational change. (Course offering will be internet-based.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'ACC', '000020', 'GRD', 'Assurance and Governance', 'This course considers the role of risk in the context of assurance and the client''s risk management process and addresses the impact of risk on an assurance provider''s professional practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ACC', '000024', 'GRD', 'Tax Policy', 'This course examines the economic, political, legal and administrative aspects of selected contemporary issues in Canadian tax policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'ACC', '000028', 'GRD', 'Systems and Analysis for Management Decision-making', 'This course reviews and integrates theory, analytical approaches, and processes for those intending to pursue certification as a professional accountant. It provides insight into the problems facing management and executives using cases designed to expose students to real world situations requiring qualitative and quantitative analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'ACC', '000029', 'GRD', 'Understanding and Managing Organizational Change', 'This course is designed for individuals who are interested in a deeper understanding of the process of change from a senior management perspective.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'ACC', '000030', 'GRD', 'Topics in Accounting', 'One or more one-term courses will be offered at different times as announced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'ACC', '000040', 'GRD', 'Financial Accounting Research Seminar', 'Current research topics in financial accounting including applications of agency theory, capital markets theory and human information processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'ACC', '000041', 'GRD', 'Management Accounting Research Seminar', 'This course provides an in-depth look at the major research efforts that characterize contemporary management accounting and cost management systems. Particular emphasis is placed on field-based research techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'ACC', '000042', 'GRD', 'Auditing Research Seminar', 'A broad survey of current auditing research covering: the socio-economic role of auditing in society; the agency relationships between shareholders, managers and auditors; the factors influencing the quality of auditing, in particular, experimental research into key attributes of the audit judgment process, and technological innovations such as statistical sampling, regression, and expert systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ACC', '000043', 'GRD', 'Taxation Research Seminar', 'A survey of non-legal tax research in accounting. Tax research in related areas, especially economics, will also be reviewed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ACC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('970', 'ACTSC', '000044', 'GRD', 'Finance 1', 'The course introduces options and other derivative securities in different asset classes. The main focus is on methods of pricing in a multi-period setting, but continuous-time models are also discussed. Topics may include no-arbitrage pricing theory, the fundamental theory of asset pricing, complete and incomplete markets,and pricing of complex financial instruments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'ACC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('971', 'ACTSC', '000045', 'GRD', 'Finance 2', 'The course discusses methods and tools for modeling of financial derivatives in the continuous-time setting. Both theory and practical applications are discussed. The first part covers methods of pricing and hedging of derivatives under different assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying economic factors. Topics normally include currency derivatives, American and exotic options, futures contracts, stochastic volatility models and mean-variance hedging. The second part deals with modeling and pricing of interest-rate products. Topics may include short interest rate models, the Heath-Jarrow-Morton Framework, and Libor and swap market models.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'ACC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('972', 'ACTSC', '000046', 'GRD', 'Finance 3', 'The course will cover selected and advanced topics in quantitative finance and risk management, with a particular focus on current developments. Topics may include robust and Bayesian portfolio optimization, limits to arbitrage, derivatives pricing under model uncertainty, credit risk models, and models of systematic risk.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ACC', '000047', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Accounting Research', 'ACC 781 provides an introduction to academic research in Accounting and Finance. It covers elements of scientific inference, experimental and quasi-experimental design, and various threats to valid inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ACC', '000049', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Accounting Research', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'ACTSC', '000078', 'GRD', 'Life Contingencies 3', 'Profit testing for traditional and non-traditional life insurance. Pricing and valuation of embedded options in life insurance products. Defined benefit and defined contribution pension plan design. Theory and practice of unit credit methods for pension plan funding and valuation for final average salary, career average earnings, and career average revalued earnings pension plans; post-retirement health benefits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('961', 'ACTSC', '000082', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods of Loss Reserving', 'Macro methods of runoff analysis: chain-ladder, least squares, separation, payment per claim incurred. Stochastic methods: Reid''s method, see-saw, payment per unit of risk, autoregressive models, Kalman filter.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('991', 'ACTSC', '000085', 'GRD', 'Topics in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('992', 'ACTSC', '000093', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Actuarial Science', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'AMATH', '000116', 'GRD', 'Applied Functional Analysis', 'Basic concepts of functional analysis. Topics include: theory of linear operators, nonlinear operators and the Frechet derivative, fixed point theorems, approximate solution of operator equations, Hilbert space, spectral theory. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous undergraduate course in real analysis is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'AMATH', '000118', 'GRD', 'Advanced Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Qualitative theory of systems of ODEs. Topics include: existence/uniqueness of solutions, comparison principle, iterative techniques, stability and boundedness, Lyapunov method, periodic solutions, Floquet theory and Poincare maps, hyperbolicity, stable, unstable and center manifolds, structural stability and bifurcation. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in ordinary differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'AMATH', '000119', 'GRD', 'Advanced Partial Differential Equations', 'The main themes are well-posedness of problems, Hilbert space methods, variational principles and integral equation methods. Topics include: first-order nonlinear partial differential equations, quasilinear hyperbolic systems, potential theory, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, semi-groups, and power series solutions. Applications from various areas will be used to motivate and illustrate the theory. A previous course in partial differential equations at the undergraduate level is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('855', 'AMATH', '000132', 'GRD', 'Advanced Systems Analysis and Control', 'The main theme is the extension of control theory beyond systems modelled by linear ordinary differential equations. Topics include: advanced systems theory, control of nonlinear systems, control of partial differential equations and delay equations. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in control theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'AMATH', '000133', 'GRD', 'Hydrodynamic Stability and Turbulence', 'Mathematical methods, stability of parellel flows for unstratified and stratified fluids, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, centrifugal instability, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, the effects of viscosity and the Orr-Sommerfeld equation, transition to turbulence, averaged equations, closure problem, homogeneous isotropic turbulence, turbulent boundary layers, effects of stratification. Students should have completed an introductory undergraduate course in fluid mechanics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('867', 'AMATH', '000134', 'GRD', 'Dispersive and Nonlinear Waves', 'Dispersive waves, propagation of dispersive waves in an inhomogeneous medium (WKB theory). Nonlinear resonant interactions. Solitons: completely integrable nonlinear wave equations (e.g., the KdV equation, nonlinear Schrodinger equations) and the inverse Scattering Transform. Applications to water waves and nonlinear optics. Introducation to weakly nonlocal solitary waves and beyond-all-orders asymptotics. Completion of an upper year course in partial differential equations is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('873', 'AMATH', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest\u00bforder quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: AMATH 673 or PHYS 701 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'PHYS', '000135', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Quantum Field Theory', 'Review of relativistic quantum mechanics and classical field theory. Quantization of free quantum fields (the particle interpretation of field quanta). Canonical quantization of interacting fields (Feynman rules). Application of the formalism of interacting quantum fields to lowest\u00bforder quantum electrodynamic processes. Radiative corrections and renormalization.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('877', 'AMATH', '000136', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Quantum Theory', 'Review mathematical formulation of operational quantum theory; theory of measurements and decoherence; quantum-classical contrast; review of historical perspectives on interpretation, including EPR paradox; Bell''s theorem, non-locality and contextuality; PBR theorem; selected topics including overviews of current interpretations of quantum mechanics and critical experiments in quantum foundations.', 'Prereq: AMATH 473/673/PHYS 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'BIOL', '000158', 'GRD', 'Fisheries Biology', 'The literature and methods of Fisheries Biology. Examination and discussion of selected topics of interest to the class. Emphasis will be primarily, but not exclusively on the ecology, habitats, and management issues related to temperature freshwater fish.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'BIOL', '000162', 'GRD', 'Environmental Animal Physiology', 'An advanced study of the physiological processes used by animals to respond to changes in environmental conditions. The study will focus on adaptation strategies used by animals to changes in temperature and other rate controlling environmental factors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'BIOL', '000163', 'GRD', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology', 'Advanced Aquatic Ecology provides opportunity for deeper study of new knowledge fronts and current issues in the field. Topics selection varies according to developments in the field and the interests of course participants, but is designed to provide broad coverage of the diversity of theoretical and methodological questions arising in modern aquatic ecology. The course is intended to be accessible to students with interests and background in ecology, environmental science, environmental engineering, or related fields.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'BIOL', '000165', 'GRD', 'Advanced Bacterial Genetics', 'Genetic aspects of the control of gene expression in bacteria and bacteriophages will be stressed. Recently published works will serve as the focal points for discussion. The specific content of any one set of topics to be analyzed in a particular term will be determined in consultation with the participants.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'BIOL', '000166', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Evolution and Diversity', 'A critical evaluation of selected research topics in evolution and the diversity of life and practical applications. Topics may include macroevolution, population genetics, evolution of behaviours, ecological evolution, phylogenetic reconstruction and/or phylogeny of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'BIOL', '000170', 'GRD', 'Applied Bioinformatics and Genomics', 'This course will cover current topics in bioinformatics and genomics, including genome assembly, annotation, sequence alignment, phylogentics, transcriptomics, and comparative genomics. Students will perform bioinformatics and computational analyses with an emphasis on topics relevant to their thesis work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'BIOL', '000173', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Environmental Toxicology', 'A critical evaluation of current research topics in environmental toxicology will be undertaken. Emphasis will be placed on the ecosystem approach to toxicology including cycling of toxicants, routes by which toxicants are removed from the environment and the impact of toxicants on species interaction within communities. Consideration will also be given to new methods for toxic hazard prediction and evaluation, as well as to biotic and abiotic factors that modify toxicant impact.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'BIOL', '000174', 'GRD', 'Advanced Microbial Physiology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in physiology of prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic microorganisms. Recently published research results will be the central points for the discussion. The topics might include but are not limited to microbiol growth behaviour under extreme conditions, microbial roles in the cycles of specific elements, processes of energy conservation, and properties and functions of key enzymes in microbial metabolic pathways.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'BIOL', '000178', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Plant Physiology', 'Discussions of selected topics not covered in other courses. These may include juvenility, dormancy, senescence, plant response to environmental stress, morphogenesis, photosynthesis and biochemistry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'BIOL', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'EARTH', '000180', 'GRD', 'Environmental Biogeochemistry', 'The influence of physical, chemical and microbiological processes on groundwater geochemistry are examined. Background concepts in microbial ecology and organic geochemistry are developed and related to subsurface environments. Treatment is given to biodegradation of organic pollutants, microbially-mediated redox reactions and organic-metal interactions. EARTH 439 is strongly recommended.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'BIOL', '000183', 'GRD', 'Topics in Applied and Industrial Microbiology', 'One or more topics will be addressed in detail through review of literature, including patents, and current practices in industrial microbiology. The topics might include but are not limited to Bacillus subtilis: a workhorse in industrial fermentations; production of microbiol lipids; Aspergillus fermentations. Each student will present a seminar on an assigned topic and the class will work as a group to prepare an up-to-date review of publication quality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('629', 'BIOL', '000185', 'GRD', 'Cell Growth and Differentiation', 'Discussion of literature relating to the cell cycle and cell differentiation. Topics may include: the cell cycle, DNA replication, mitosis, stem cells, cell proliferation and differentiation, cancer progression, epigenetics, chromatin remodeling, and extracellular matrix function. A strong undergraduate background in cell biology and molecular biology is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'BIOL', '000187', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods in Ecology', 'This course introduces statistical methods commonly used in ecology. Topics covered will include Experimental design, ANOVA, regression, general linear models, clustering, ordination, and some multivariate analyses of variance.', 'Antireq: GEOG 616/PLAN 616', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'BIOL', '000192', 'GRD', 'Advanced Immunology', 'Discussion of current advances in selected topics in immunology. The areas to be covered will include cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, comparative immunology, and other topics of current interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'BIOL', '000197', 'GRD', 'Current Topics in Biotechnology', 'Recent developments in biotechnology, both applied and basic, will be emphasized. The course will cover such topics as the development of vectors for the stable transformation of plant cells, the isolation, characterization and manipulation of plant, animal and microbial genes, and the use of microorganisms to develop new products and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'BIOL', '000198', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology', 'Recent advances in selected topics of microbial ecology will be examined. Topics will be selected from soil, fresh water or other ecosystems with an important microbial component.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'BIOL', '000204', 'GRD', 'Bio-Molecular Tools', 'The ability to determine the three\u00bfdimensional structure of a biomolecule and correlate that structure to molecular function is essential to understanding its role in Biology. In BIOL 650 we will explore the use of biophysical and structural approaches that can be used to establish the structure and function of protein-based biomolecules. The primary emphasis of the course will be upon establishing structure\u00bffunction relationships in enzymes. Upon completion of the course, students will have gained a practical understanding of the use and limitations of the tools of steady\u00bfstate enzyme kinetics and x\u00bfray crystallography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'BIOL', '000206', 'GRD', 'Animal Molecular Biology', 'Selected topics in molecular biology will be presented at an advanced level with the aim of evaluating recent contributions and developments. Basic concepts and organismic interrelationships will be emphasized. The topics will concentrate on mechanisms of replication, transcription and (or) translation. Specific themes for discussion will be arranged each time the course is presented.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'BIOL', '000207', 'GRD', 'Plant Molecular Biology', 'Critical discussion of current developments in plant biology. The course will cover such topics as the structure, organization, replication and expression of plant and algal genetic material. Emphasis will be placed on understanding basic molecular mechanisms and processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'BIOL', '000209', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Animal Behaviour', 'This course will deal intensively with a subject area in the field of animal behaviour. The particular topic for a given term will be determined by the interests of the participating members of the class. Suggested topics include: mating systems in the animal kingdom; patterns of parental care; cost/benefit analyses of social living. Recommended: a basic knowledge of animal behaviour and a devoted interest.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'BIOL', '000210', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing graduate courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 680 course for credit. (Offered to Master''s students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'BIOL', '000224', 'GRD', 'Specialized Studies of Selected Research Procedures, Strategies or Topics', 'Critical evaluation and discussion of topics and procedures in biology that are not covered in existing courses. The course must be specially arranged with a faculty member. Students may take only one BIOL 681 course for credit. (Offered to PhD students only.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681A', 'BIOL', '000225', 'GRD', 'Plant Biogeography', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'CO', '000232', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal Laurent series. Multivariate ordinary generating functions and exponential generating functions. The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The Transfer Matrix method. Sieve methods, Inclusion/Exclusion, M\u00f6bius inversion. P\u00f3lya Enumeration, Enumeration of Trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'CO', '000233', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CO', '000239', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CO', '000245', 'GRD', 'Graph Theory', 'Colouring: Brooks'' Theorem and Vizing''s Theorem. Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Extremal graph theory; Ramsey''s theorem, Turan''s theorem, Mader''s theorem on graphs with no n-clique-minor. Probabilistic methods: Lower bounds for Ramsey numbers, graphs with large girth and chromatic number.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CO', '000246', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'Automorphisms. Cayley graphs and their properties. Arc and distance transitive graphs. Generalised polygons. homomorphisms and covers. Adjacency and incidence matrices. Eigenvectors of graphs. Quotients. Interlacing. Strongly regular graphs. Line graphs and graphs with least eigenvalue -2. Expanders. Shannon capacity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CO', '000247', 'GRD', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimalsolutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CO', '000248', 'GRD', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'CO', '000250', 'GRD', 'Convex Optimization and Analysis', 'An introduction to the modern theory of convex programming, its extensions and applications. Structure of convex sets, separation and support, subgradient calculus for convex functions, Fenchel conjugacy and duality, Lagrange multipliers. Ellipsoid method for convex optimization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CO', '000251', 'GRD', 'Quadratic Programming', 'A course on theory and solution algorithms for the minimization of a convex quadratic function subject to linear constraints. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, duality theory. Active set solution algorithms and their parametric extensions. Quadratic programmes as linear complementarity problems. Applications in portfolio optimization and structural analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CO', '000252', 'GRD', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point and active set strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'CO', '000253', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CO', '000269', 'GRD', 'Asymptotic Enumeration', 'Methods of obtaining asymptotic estimates for sums arising in enumeration. Application to Bell numbers, the distribution of balls into cells, and random graphs. Methods for obtaining asymptotic estimates for the coefficients of generating functions. Application to random planar graph problems and to unimodality problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'CO', '000273', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'CO', '000297', 'GRD', 'Directed Graphs and Applications', 'An introduction to the concepts of directed graphs, problems about directed circuits and directed cuts, and minimax equalities relating these and other graphical objects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'CO', '000298', 'GRD', 'Topics in Graph Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CO', '000304', 'GRD', 'Topics in Combinatorial Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'CO', '000310', 'GRD', 'Topics in Matroid Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'CO', '000311', 'GRD', 'Topics in Discrete Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CO', '000317', 'GRD', 'Topics in Continuous Optimization', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('839', 'CO', '000332', 'GRD', 'Seminar in Combinatorics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CHE', '000333', 'GRD', 'Theory and Application of Transport Phenomena', 'Mathematical analysis of momentum, heat and mass transport in systems of chemical engineering interest: development of the differential equations of change (continuity, motion and energy) for forced convection in isothermal, non-isothermal and multi-component systems; description of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and computation of momentum, energy and mass fluxes at surfaces under conditions of laminar flow; description of transport in turbulent flow by time-smoothing of the equations of change; turbulent velocity, temperature and concentration profiles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CHE', '000338', 'GRD', 'Chemical Reactor Analysis', 'Mixing effects (segregation and micromixing) on reactor performance analysis of reactor stability, 1- and 2- D models for packed bed reactors, heterogeneous non-catalytic reactions, heat and mass transfer effects in porous catalyst particles, reduction of data for catalytic reactions and scale-up concepts. Examples will be drawn from packed, fluidized bed and transport reactors, polymer reactors and 3-phase reactors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CHE', '000340', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CHE', '000341', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Polymer Processing Operations', 'Introduction to polymer processing concepts; fundamentals of polymer melt rheology; review of simple flows; characterization of mixtures and mixing; handling of particulate polymeric solids; polymer melting operations; modelling of polymer melt pressurization and pumping; overview of polymer extrusion principles; film extrusion operations; design of extrusion dies; polymer compounding and reactive extrusion; overview of molding operations; introduction to 3D printing techniques. Students are expected to have an understanding of concepts from polymer science, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and applied numerical methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'CHE', '000345', 'GRD', 'Principles of Biochemical Engineering', 'Aspects of mass-transfer, heat-transfer, fluid flow, cell growth, metabolic engineering and enzyme kinetics related to the design of biological processes and process equipment. Sterilization techniques, fermentation, bioreactor design and operation, including immobilized cell or enzyme systems and aspects of bioseparations engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'CHE', '000346', 'GRD', 'Advances in Biochemical Engineering', 'Design and control of bioprocesses with application to advanced or novel systems including enzymes, mixed cultures, genetically engineered cells, plant cells and animal cells. Exploration of new methods of producing materials, food, pharmaceuticals and providing services such as biological waste treatment.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHE', '000352', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various courses dealing with particle-fluid dynamics, non-Newtonian flows, flow through porous media, heat and mass transfer in two-phase systems, and the use of transient and frequency response to measure physical quantities.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHE', '000355', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Transport Phenomena', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of transport phenomena to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHE', '000360', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as advanced statistics, mathematical analysis, modelling, optimization and/or control of chemical processes.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'CHE', '000366', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Analysis of Chemical Processes', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of analysis of chemical processes to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHE', '000371', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Chemical Kinetics,Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics such as kinetics of chemical and biological systems, theories of catalysis, catalyst manufacture, residence time distribution, reactor flow models and reactor stability and optimization.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'CHE', '000376', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Chemical Kinetics, Catalysis and Advanced Reactor Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of advanced reactor engineering including topics such as chemical kinetics and catalysis to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHE', '000381', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', '', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHE', '000384', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Polymer Science and Engineering', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of polymer science and engineering to suport independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHE', '000389', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Engineering & Materials Science', 'Various courses dealing with selected special topics such as extractive metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering, corrosion, materials science and engineering and interfacial phenomena.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHE', '000392', 'GRD', 'Res Topics in Electrochemical Engineering, Interfacial Eng & Material Science', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the areas of electrochemical engineering, interfacial engineering and materials science to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHE', '000393', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biochemical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics in biochemical engineering, biotechnology, tissue engineering, food engineering, waste treatment technology and microbial engineering.', 'CHE Grad Students Only - all others require permission of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'CHE', '000404', 'GRD', 'Research Topics in Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control', 'Various special research topics will be offered in the area of environmental engineering and pollution control to support independent and individual research by instructor consent.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CHEM', '000423', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include, for example, bioinorganic chemistry; inorganic reaction mechanisms; synthetic methods in inorganic and organometallic chemistry; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis; chemistry of polynuclear compounds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'CHEM', '000425', 'GRD', 'X-Ray Crystallography', 'Introduction: crystals, basic concepts; space groups; the reciprocal lattice; x-ray diffraction; the phase problem; structure factors; electron density; small molecule structure solution, structure refinement, structure results, journals and data bases, paper writing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'CHEM', '000426', 'GRD', 'Chemistry of Inorganic Solid State Materials', 'Introduction to solid state chemistry, common crystal structures, principles of solid state synthesis, theory and experimental methods for characterizing solids, including thermal analysis techniques, powder x-ray and neutron diffraction methods; special topics to include one or more of the optical, electronic, magnetic, or conductive properties of inorganic materials.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'CHEM', '000427', 'GRD', 'Structure & Bonding in Inorganic Chemistry', 'Free electron, Hueckel and extended Hueckel methods for molecules and clusters. Perturbation theory. Applications of group theory in inorganic chemistry; Jahn-Teller effects in molecular and solids. Energy bands in one, two and three dimensions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'CHEM', '000429', 'GRD', 'Advanced Transition Metal Chemistry', 'Magnetochemistry of transition metal compounds. Electronic spectra of complex ions including applications of molecular orbital and ligand field theories. Stabilization of unusual oxidation states and coordination numbers. Bonding, structure and reactivity of certain important classes of metal complexes, e.g. metal hydrides, metal-metal bonded species, biologically-significant model systems such as macrocycles.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'CHEM', '000430', 'GRD', 'Advanced Organometallic Chemistry', 'Reactions, structure and bonding of organometallic compounds of transition and non-transition metals.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CHEM', '000431', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Analytical Chemistry', 'Special topics could include for example: trace analysis using modern instrumental and spectroscopic methods; advanced mass spectrometry (instrumentation and interpretation of spectra); analytical aspects of gas and liquid chromatography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('724', 'CHEM', '000435', 'GRD', 'Chemical Instrumentation', 'Instrumental components and optimum application; rudiments of design; electrical, spectral, migrational and other methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('726', 'CHEM', '000436', 'GRD', 'Topics in Analytical Spectroscopy', 'Atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy; methods of excitation and detection; quantitative applications. Molecular electronic spectroscopy: UV, visible and Raman; instrumental characteristics; applications to quantitative determinations, speciation, measurements of equilibrium, etc. Sources and control of errors and interferences. Determination and description of colour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('727', 'CHEM', '000437', 'GRD', 'Separations', 'Material to be covered will be drawn from the following topics: Diffusion; Isolation of organic material from the matrix; Chromatographic techniques - principles of chromatographic separations; Gas (GLC, GSC), Liquid (LLC, LSC, GPC, IEC), Supercritical Fluid (SFC) Chromatographies; GC-MS, GC-FTIR; Electrophoresis; Flow field fractionation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('728', 'CHEM', '000438', 'GRD', 'Electroanalytical Chemistry', 'A study of electroanalytical techniques and their role in modern analytical chemistry. The underlying principles will be developed. Techniques will include chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry, polarography, voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, coulometric titrations, flow techniques, electrochemical sensors and chemically modified electrodes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('729', 'CHEM', '000439', 'GRD', 'Surface Analysis', 'Modern surface analysis: description and importance of surfaces. Surface area determinations. High surface area solids, supports. Scanning electron microscopy: principles and applications. Auger electron spectroscopy. Applications in metallurgy and materials science. Depth profiling. ESCA: elemental compositions and studies of catalyst surfaces. SIMS. Infrared spectroscopy. Studies of supported metal and metal oxides. Acid surface sites and their role in catalysis. Scanning tunnelling microscopy; theory and applications. Single crystal surfaces. LEED. Studies of chemisorption.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CHEM', '000440', 'GRD', 'Proteins and Nucleic Acids', 'Protein structure and function; intermolecular interactions and protein-protein association. Nucleic acid and DNA structure; protein-nucleic acid interactions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'CHEM', '000441', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Biochemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. For example, recent offerings have included: Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes; Heme Proteins; Chemistry of Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms; Peptides - Synthesis, Structure and Function; Food Enzymology; Advanced Microbial Physicology; NMR in Biological Systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'CHEM', '000445', 'GRD', 'Regulations in Biological Systems', 'Regulation of replication, transcription, translation, RNA processing, and protein degradation. Cell cycle and control of cell division.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'CHEM', '000446', 'GRD', 'Enzymes', 'Discussion of the underlying factors contributing to enzyme, abzyme and ribozyme catalysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'CHEM', '000447', 'GRD', 'Cell Membranes and Cell Surfaces', 'Structure, function and dynamics of membrane lipids and proteins. Membrane transport. Biogenesis and trafficking of membrane proteins. Signal transduction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CHEM', '000449', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Theoretical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of the members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: theory of intermolecular forces; density matrices; configuration interaction; correlation energies of open and closed shell systems; kinetic theory and gas transport properties; theory of the chemical bond.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'CHEM', '000453', 'GRD', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Review of classical and quantum mechanics; principles of statistical mechanics; applications to systems of interacting molecules; imperfect gases, liquids, solids, surfaces and solutions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CHEM', '000454', 'GRD', 'Quantum Chemistry', 'Approximate solutions of the Schrodinger equation and calculations of atomic and molecular properties.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CHEM', '000455', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physical Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics related to the research interests of members of the Centre. Special topics could include for example: principles of magnetic resonance in biological systems; collisions, spectroscopy and intermolecular forces, surface chemistry; catalysis; electrolyte theory; non-electrolyte solution theory; thermodynamics of biological systems; thermodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'CHEM', '000459', 'GRD', 'Kinetics - Dynamics', 'Empirical analysis. Kinetic theory of gases. Potential energy surfaces. Unimolecular rates. Relaxation and steady state methods. Diffusion rates. Rates between polar molecules. Energy transfer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('756', 'CHEM', '000460', 'GRD', 'Spectroscopy', 'Aspects of electronic vibrational and rotational spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, and the solid state. Relevant aspects of quantum mechanics, Dirac notation, and angular momentum will be discussed. Group Theory will be presented and its implications for spectroscopy introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'CHEM', '000461', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Organic Chemistry', 'Two or three topics from a range including: bio-organic chemistry; environmental organic chemistry; free radicals; heterocyclic molecules; molecular rearrangements; organometallic chemistry; photochemistry; natural products.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CHEM', '000465', 'GRD', 'Synthetic Organic Reactions', 'Named organic reactions and other synthetically useful reactions will be discussed. The mechanism, stereochemical implications and use in organic synthesis of these rections will be presented. Examples from the organic literature will be used to illustrate these aspects.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'CHEM', '000466', 'GRD', 'Strategies in Organic Synthesis', 'The synthesis of organic compounds is discussed and emphasis is placed on the design of synthetic routes. Examples drawn from the literature are used to illustrate this synthetic planning.', 'Prereq: CHEM 764.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CHEM', '000467', 'GRD', 'Organic Spectroscopy', 'Ultraviolet, infrared, resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, with emphasis on applications to studies of organic molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('769', 'CHEM', '000468', 'GRD', 'Physical Organic Chemistry', 'Linear free energy relationships; substituent effects and reactive intermediates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CHEM', '000469', 'GRD', 'Principles of Polymer Science', 'Introduction to the physical chemistry of high polymers, principles of polymer synthesis, mechanisms and kinetics of polymerization reactions, copolymerization theory, polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, chemical reactions of polymers. Theory and experimental methods for the molecular characterization of polymers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CHEM', '000470', 'GRD', 'Physical Properties of Polymers', 'The physical properties of polymers are considered in depth from a molecular viewpoint. Rubber elasticity, mechanical properties, rheology and solution behaviour are quantitatively treated.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'CHEM', '000471', 'GRD', 'Polymerization and Polymer Reactions', 'The reactions leading to the production of polymers are considered with emphasis on emulsion and suspension polymerization and polymerization reaction engineering. Polymer degradation, stabilization and modification are also considered in depth.', 'Prerequisite: CHEM 770.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'CHEM', '000472', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Polymer Chemistry', 'Discussion of specialized topics of polymer chemistry related to the research interests of the faculty or prominent scientific visitors. Special topics could include, for example, polymer stabilization and degradation; mechanical properties; polymer principles in surface coatings; organic chemistry of synthetic high polymers; estimation of polymer properties; reactions of polymers; polymerization kinetics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('794', 'CHEM', '000481', 'GRD', 'Master''s Seminar', 'A public seminar and defence of a research proposal, to be given by all MSc students within two terms of entering this program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'CIVE', '000487', 'GRD', 'Engineering Risk and Reliability', 'This course gives a broad treatment of the subject of engineering decision, risk, and reliability. Emphasis is on (1) the modelling of engineering problems and evaluation of systems performance under conditions of uncertainty; (2) systematic development of design criteria, explicitly taking into account the significance of uncertainty; and (3) logical framework for risk assessment and risk-benefit tradeoffs in decision making. The necessary mathematical concepts are developed in the context of engineering problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'CIVE', '000488', 'GRD', 'Prestressed Concrete', 'This course emphasizes the basic concepts in prestressed concrete analysis and design. Prestressing methods: pre-tensioning vs. post-tensioning. Serviceability and limit state design, prestress losses, flexural design of bonded and unbonded sections, fully prestressed vs. partially prestressed sections, design for shear, compression members, continuous prestressed concrete members.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'CIVE', '000489', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete', 'This course deals with the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures, the analysis of such structures, and the background for the design standards. Topics include the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, shear in reinforced concrete members, members in bending and axial loading, and connections.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'CIVE', '000490', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Steel Design', 'This course deals with limit states design, torsional analysis of structural steel members; bolted and welded connections; stability and vibration; analysis and design of braced and unbraced steel frames, long span structures, and industrial steel buildings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'CIVE', '000492', 'GRD', 'Elasticity', 'Analysis of strain and stress; stress-strain relations; equations of elasticity; plane strain, plane stress and generalized plane stress; torsion and flexure; three-dimensional problems; variational methods; dynamical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'CIVE', '000496', 'GRD', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Introduction to the mechanics of vibrations and Laplace transforms: dynamics of discretized systems; one degree of freedom systems; free and forced vibration; response to base excitation, stochastic excitation, impact. Lumped - mass multidegree systems: free and forced vibration of two degrees of freedom systems in response to harmonic and step functions, pulses, and general type. Matrix formulation for multiple degrees of freedom, natural frequencies (matrix iteration, Stodola-Vianello, Rayleigh), Lagrange equations, modal analysis. Flexural vibrations of beams, plates and frames. Earthquake response of single and multistorey buildings and practical considerations of earthquake design.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'CIVE', '000501', 'GRD', 'Urban Transportation Planning Models: Principles & Applications', 'Urban transportation planning models. land use transportation interaction, trip production and attraction, trip distribution, mode choice, tree building and capacitated and uncapacitated route assignment, aggregate and disaggregate model analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'CIVE', '000502', 'GRD', 'Advances in Public Transportation Planning, Operations & Control', 'The focus of this course is on the use of quantitative techniques to analyse and solve problems arising in the planning, design, operation and management of urban public transportation systems. Topics include an introduction to public transportation modes, transit performance analysis, fleet sizing and route design; control of transit operations, and paratransit planning, scheduling and dispatching. The course also covers various transit modelling issues arising in the Advanced Public Transportation Systems that aim at maximising transit system efficiency and reliability using emerging technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), electronic fare payment, and automatic passenger counters and pre-trip/en-route passenger information systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CIVE', '000503', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management I', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of pavement design, construction and management systems. Structural behaviour of flexible and rigid pavements will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: testing of pavement materials including aggregates, asphalt, concrete and various other specialized pavement materials, pavement distresses such as fatigue, rutting and temperature related cracking and the key elements to pavement management systems and their operation. Theoretical principles are combined with practical examples of working systems that enable students to carry out various analyses of hypothetical and real life situations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'CIVE', '000504', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Traffic Flow Theory', 'This course examines the formulation, derivation, and application of theories associated with traffic flow on interrupted and uninterrupted road networks. Topics include traffic stream characteristics, human factors, car following models, safety, energy and emissions, and traffic flows at signalised and unsignalised intersections. Theoretical models will be tested using field data and simulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CIVE', '000506', 'GRD', 'Earth Structures Case Histories', 'Principles and elements of the design and analysis of earth dams and embankments. Field exploration; laboratory tests; design requirements; seepage control; methods of stability analysis for circular and non-circular slip surfaces; computer applications; stability coefficients. Introduction to dynamic (earthquake) analysis; soil liquefaction; tailings disposal systems. Stability of natural slopes and cuts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'CIVE', '000509', 'GRD', 'Numerical Methods in Geomechanics', 'Theoretical basis of numerical modeling in geomechanics; constitutive relationships and failure models for soils and rocks; numerical implementation of constitutive models in finite element and finite difference computer codes; engineering applications in areas of embankment and slope stability, mining, tunneling, soil and structure interaction. The course is structured to provide theorectical understanding and hands-on expericence with geotechnical analyses using FLAC3D computer code.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'CIVE', '000512', 'GRD', 'Physico-Chemical Processes of Water and Wastewater Treatment', 'Principles and design of physico-chemical processes for effecting water quality transformations in water. Process dynamics, reactions and reactors. Filtration, coagulation, flocculation adsorption and ion exchange. Membrane processes including reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and ultrafiltration. Principles of aeration and gas transfer, disinfection solid liquid separation and sludge handling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'CIVE', '000513', 'GRD', 'Aquatic Chemistry', 'The course content includes, but is not limited to: the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions, acid-base chemistry, solubility and complexation chemistry, redox reactions and essential elements of organic chemistry. The information is applied to water and wastewater treatment processes, and to natural aqueous environmental systems such as those that may be found in stream deposits and groundwater.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'CIVE', '000515', 'GRD', 'Mathematical Methods in Environmental Engineering', 'This course covers a variety of mathematical concepts and methods needed to develop deterministic models of water and environmental systems governed by ordinary and partial differential equations, including analytical and numerical solution of ODEs/PDEx using Laplace and Fourier transforms, Green''s functions, superposition, finite difference methods, finite element methods, complex variable theory, eigenmethods, vector calculus, separation of variables, Sturm-Liouville theorem and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'CIVE', '000518', 'GRD', 'Water Management', 'Multipurpose nature of water resouces planning and operational problems - cost and benefit variations in water resouces and conditions for project optimality. Optimization techniques - linear programming, dynamic programming, non-linear optimization - water management examples. Capacity expansion problems and long-term planning problems - short-term operation problems - operations decisions for power generation, flood control and irrigation releases as examples - multi-objective analysis models. Simulation of water resouce systems. Introduction to stochasti optimization of water resource systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'CIVE', '000519', 'GRD', 'Surface Water: Theory and Modelling', 'This course will introduce surface water modelling and the role it plays in environmental modelling. The emphasis will be on physical processes that are relevant to near surface partitioning of the energy and water budget; methods for basin representation, including options for sub-grid process; and introduction to data handling, including data acquisition, data sources, remote sensing imagery, digital terrain models, mapping methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'CIVE', '000520', 'GRD', 'Free Surface Hydraulics', 'Review of continuity, energy and momentum equations, resistance to flow in open channels. Gradually varied unsteady flow equations and kinematic wave approximation. Sediment transport equations and channel stability. Similitude of scale models, including distortion effects, laboratory techniques, and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'CIVE', '000527', 'GRD', 'Topics in Structural Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'CIVE', '000528', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'CIVE', '000529', 'GRD', 'Topics in Construction Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'CIVE', '000530', 'GRD', 'Cold Formed Steel Design', 'Covered in this course are the major topics relating to the behaviour and design of cold formed steel structural elements and members. More specifically, the following topics will be addressed from a theoretical and design point of view: local buckling of compression elements subjected to uniform stress and stress gradient; design of flexural members, compression members, beam-columns, composite steel deck slabs and connections; diaphragm design and lightweight steel framing. The governing Canadian CSA Standard S 136 will be used as a guide document.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'CIVE', '000531', 'GRD', 'Bridge Design', 'The course is based on the development of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Codes (Editions 1, 2 and 3), and the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, as well as experience with the Limit States Design versions of AASHTO Specifications. The course outline will generally follow these topics as these apply to short and intermediate span structures in North America: Bridge Geometry - types of bridges and various cross sections: Vehicle Loads including dynamic effects, temperature and wind: Earth Forces: Seismic Effects: Load Distribution - how are vehicle force effects transferred to the superstructure, for various cross sectional geometries: Design Criterion - limit states design: Fatigue in Connections: Foundation Design - pile and shallow foundations: Examples of Various Simple Span Designs: Concrete - Prestressed Concrete: Structural Steel: Repair and Rehabilitation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('707', 'CIVE', '000534', 'GRD', 'Advanced Building Science', 'This course deals with the science of heat and air flow, moisture storage and transport, and psychrometrics. Through the use of worked examples, these principles are applied to the analysis of typical building enclosure systems. Basic concepts are developed for the design of building details that are effective in the control of heat, air, vapour, rain, and that accommodate building movements. Various case studies of problems and solutions will be used.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'CIVE', '000537', 'GRD', 'Advanced Project Management', 'This course presents advanced construction engineering and project management techniques that can be applied to improve cost, schedule, safety, and quality of projects. The course covers a variety of topics including: Critical Path Method; bidding strategy models; uncertainty and risk assessment; multiple-criteria decision analysis; planning of linear, repetitive, and distributed projects; project control and delay analysis; Enterprise Resource Planning; heavy construction equipment and methods; modelling and simulation; construction methods design; positioning and locating technologies; equipment automation and robotics; opportunity analysis and process of innovation; modularization and prefabrication; and construction human resource management.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'CIVE', '000538', 'GRD', 'Computer-Aided Project Organization and Management', 'This course deals with the application of computerized tools to develop decision-support systems to effectively manage time, money, and resources associated with construction projects. It covers: introduction to computer tools, review of the CPM method and project management software, optimization using Excel Solver, Expert Systems, Neural Networks, OOP programming, Genetic Algorithms, process modeling and simulation, multi-criteria decision-making, integrated project Management tools, networking, workgroup management, Internet, dealing with project uncertainty using Monte-Carlo simulation, various case studies and computer workshops.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'CIVE', '000544', 'GRD', 'Infrastructure Management', 'This course will focus on the fundamentals of infrastructure management for civil engineering. It will integrate design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and renovation with management procedures and systems. A framework for asset management including the importance of asset valuation, needs assessment, and performance indicators will be discussed in detail. Other topics covered in the course will include: sustainability concepts, decision support systems, database management, role of data in infrastructure management, monitoring and evaluation needs, failure analysis, quality management, economics and life cycle cost analysis and optimization. This course will combine theoretical principles with practical application. The course will include practical examples of engineering systems and will provide a basis for subsequent infrastructure management courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'CIVE', '000549', 'GRD', 'Topics in Transportation Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CIVE', '000551', 'GRD', 'Pavement Design and Management II', 'This course will focus on advanced pavement engineering. The course is primarily directed toward the management of existing road networks, with emphasis on pavements. Topics include priority programming of investments, in-service evaluation of structural capacity, serviceability of condition and safety, structural design, construction and maintenance management, and data systems. Example applications will be provided on various topic areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CIVE', '000558', 'GRD', 'Topics in Geotechnical Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'CIVE', '000560', 'GRD', 'Trenchless Technologies', 'Over the past ten years, a new group of construction methods, known as trenchless technologies, has gained widespread acceptance. Trenchless technologies include methods for installing and rehabilitating underground utility systems with minimal surface disruption and destruction that results from excavation. Underground utility systems include: water and wastewater distribution and collection systems; gas, petroleum and chemical pipelines; electrical and communications networks; access ways; and other small diameter tunnels used for a variety of applications. The objective of this course is to introduce trenchless technology methods and their importance in public works, pipeline construction, and rehabilitation. Students will be exposed to new topics and concepts through class lectures, specified readings, guest presentations, field trips, student seminars, and the completion of assignments. Topics to be covered include horizontal directional drilling, microtunneling, pipeline assessment, pipe bursting, and pipeline rehabilitation and renewal techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'CIVE', '000561', 'GRD', 'Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering', 'This course is designed to help students understand the fundamental principles and practical methods of geotechnical earthquake engineering. This course will present basic concepts of vibratory motion, dynamics, seismology, earthquakes, and strong ground motion, and introduces procedures of deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Basic concepts of wave propagation are used to develop procedures for ground response analysis and to provide insight into such important problems as local site effects, seismic slope stability, and seismic design of retaining structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'CIVE', '000568', 'GRD', 'Topics in Environmental Engineering', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'CIVE', '000569', 'GRD', 'Biological Wastewater Treatment: Theory and Practice', 'This course focuses on theory, modelling and application of microbiological processes that are being utilised in the treatment of wastewater. A review of relevant concepts in microbiology will be followed by core principles that are used to assess contaminant removal kinetics and to model bioreactor performance. These principles will be drawn upon in discussion of applications of biological wastewater treatment technologies. If time permits, advanced topics including nonsteady-state systems and complex multispecies interactions will be introduced.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('774', 'CIVE', '000572', 'GRD', 'Advanced Numerical Methods for Environmental Applications', 'The analyses of natural and/or manmade environmental systems commonly lead to quantitative descriptions, or mathematical models, of the underlying chemical, biological and physical processes. Numerical models are used for complex situations that may involve spatial variability of material properties, non-uniform geometry, and transient boundary conditions. The objective of this course is to introduce you to theoretical and practical aspects associated with numerical methods for environmental applications. Topics include: review of field equations, conservation laws, and continua; classification of PDEs; types of boundary and initial conditions; finite difference method, error analysis and stability; equation solvers; weighted residual techniques; finite element method; introduction to the finite volume method; techniques for advective dominated flows; sensitivity methods; and the solution to coupled non-linear equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'CIVE', '000574', 'GRD', 'Soil & Groundwater Remediation', 'This course focuses on the various technologies available to remediate soil and groundwater. Proven, emerging, and innovative technologies are investigated for application to both porous media and fractured porous media subsurface systems. The underlying theory and relevant engineering design aspects for each technology are presented. Case studies are critically examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CIVE', '000577', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Drinking Water Treatment', 'This course is intended for graduate students in the field of Water Resources with a strong interest in drinking water treatment. Several key concepts introduced in CIV E 670 are elaborated upon. Advanced drinking water treatment process theory is investigated through formal lectures and student design projects/presentations. Key process components that are addressed include reactors/reactions, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, and disinfection.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'CS', '000599', 'GRD', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'CS', '000601', 'GRD', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'CS', '000602', 'GRD', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development: Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'CS', '000603', 'GRD', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'CS', '000604', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'CS', '000605', 'GRD', 'Database Systems Implementation', 'The objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of building a relational database management system. The course focuses on the database engine core technology by studying topics such as storage management (data layout, disk-based data structures), indexing, query processing algorithms, query optimization, transactional concurrency control, logging and recovery. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All other require permission from the school.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'CS', '000606', 'GRD', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency and resource utilization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'CS', '000607', 'GRD', 'Real-Time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. .Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'CS', '000608', 'GRD', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'CS', '000609', 'GRD', 'Computer Networks', 'An introduction to network architectures and protocols, placing emphasis on protocols used in the Internet. Specific topics include application layer protocols, network programming, transport protocols, routing, multicast, data link layer issues, multimedia networking, network security, and network management.', 'Antireq: CS 755', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'CS', '000610', 'GRD', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'CS', '000611', 'GRD', 'Computer Security and Privacy', 'Security and privacy issues in various aspects of computing. Specific topics include: comparing security and privacy, program security, writing secure programs, controls against program threats, operating system security, formal security models, network security, Internet application security and privacy, privacy-enhancing technologies, database security and privacy, inference data mining, security policies, physical security, economics of security, and legal and ethical issues. (Note: Knowledge of operating systems equivalent to that obtained from CS 350 is assumed.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'CS', '000612', 'GRD', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars-Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars-normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'CS', '000613', 'GRD', 'Computational Complexity Theory', 'The classification of problems according to the computational resources required for their solution, with emphasis on properties of feasible computations rather than on specific algorithms. Topics include: time and space complexity, tractable and intractable problems, computation using randomness, parallel computation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'CS', '000614', 'GRD', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Design of good algorithms and analysis of the resources they consume. Lower bounds on the resource requirements of algorithms to compute certain functions. Problems from the following areas are discussed in this light: sorting and order statistics, data structures, arithmetic computations, the NP-complete problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'CS', '000620', 'GRD', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modelling', 'The interaction of financial modes, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. (Heldwith CS 476).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('684', 'CS', '000623', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Introduction to image and vision understanding by computer. Camera-system geometry, image formation and lighting, and image acquisition. Basic visual processes for recognition of edges, regions, lines, and surfaces. Processing of stereo images, and motion in image sequences. Object recognition. Applications of computer vision systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'CS', '000624', 'GRD', 'Machine Learning: Statistical and Computational Foundations', 'Extracting meaningful patterns from random samples of large data sets. Statistical analysis of the resulting problems. Common algorithm paradigms for such tasks. Central concepts: VC-dimension, Margins of classifier, Sparsity and description length. Performance guarantees: Generalization bounds, data dependent error bounds and computational complexity of learning algorithms. Common paradigms: Neural networks, Kernel methods and Support Vector machines, Applications to Data Mining.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'CS', '000625', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Introduction to mathematical logic Mechanical theorem proving. Game playing. Natural language processing. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department. Department approval will be by Undergraduate Advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'CS', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'CM', '000626', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'CS', '000627', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. Preference will be given to CS graduate students. All others require approval from the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690A', 'CS', '000630', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a credit/no credit course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690B', 'CS', '000631', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'This is an individual study course carried out under the supervision of a Computer Science faculty member. The topic should be agreed upon by both the student and the instructor. This is a grade course. Department permission will be by Coordinator of Graduate Studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'CS', '000632', 'GRD', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'CS', '000650', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Database Systems', 'Algorithms and architectures used in parallel database management systems, with a focus on relational systems. Topics include system architectures; parallel and distributed query processing; federated dtabase systems; distributed transactions; data replication.', 'Antirequisite: CS 748T, 748Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('744', 'CS', '000655', 'GRD', 'Advanced Compiler Design', 'Project-oriented course that covers optimizing compilers and the implementation of advanced programming language features. Topics include intermediate representations; data-flow, dependence, and alias analysis; optimizing transforms, register allocation, instruction scheduling; memory management, garbage collection, threads, concurrency; single and multiple inheritance, generics, templates, type inference.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('746', 'CS', '000656', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture', 'A project-oriented course that covers the concepts in software architecture. Topics include basic concepts (components and connectors, rationale, views, architectural diagrams, team implictions, evolution, size considerations), theory underlying softeware architecture, extraction of architecture from implementation artifacts, architecture of web-based and enterprise systems, clustering of subsystems, visualization approaches to software architecture, comprehension and cognitive aspects of software architecture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'CS', '000710', 'GRD', 'Graph-Theoretic Algorithms', 'Further exposure to the design, analysis and application of algorithms for problems defined on graphs. Topics include planarity testing and embedding; classes of planar graphs and fast algorithms for them; trees and tree-like graphs (bounded pathwidth and treewidth); perfect graphs and intersection graphs.', 'Antireq: CS 760K', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'CS', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('820', 'QIC', '000711', 'GRD', 'Theory of Quantum Information', 'Fundamentals of quantum information theory including states, measurements, operations, and their representations as matrices; measures of distance between quantum states and operations; quantum Shannon theory including von Neumann entropy, quantum noiseless coding, strong subadditivity of von Neuman entropy, Holevo''s Theorem, and capabilities of quantum channels; theory of entanglement including measures of entanglement, entanglement transformation, and classifications of mixed-state entanglement; other topics in quantum information as time permits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('767', 'CS', '000712', 'GRD', 'Advanced Logic for Computer Science', 'The course provides extended background in mathematical logic and its applications to various branches of computer science. It covers some fundamental concepts such as soundness and completeness theorems, compactness, the expressive power of a logic and the computational complexity of its basic decision problems. These concepts are being demonstrated on first order logic and modal logics. Finally the course discusses examples of applications of these concepts and tools to formal reasoning about programs and about hardware, to data bases, and to knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'CS', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'AMATH', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'CM', '000724', 'GRD', 'Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations', 'Discretization methods for partial differential equations, including finite difference, finite volume and finite element methods. Application to elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Convergence and stability issues, properties of discrete equations, and treatment of non-linearities. Stiffness matrix assembly and use of sparse matric software. Students should have completed a course in numerical computation at the undergraduate level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'CS', '000725', 'GRD', 'Splines and Their Use in Computer Graphics', 'Spline theory and recent developments in techniques for representing, manipulating and rendering curves and surfaces constructed from splines in a graphic environment. Applications of interest include computer-aided design, synthetic image generation and animation.', 'Antireq: CS 679', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('786', 'CS', '000726', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Inference and Machine Learning', 'Covers the fundamental principles of probabilistic inference and computational learning systems. Topics include Bayes decision and utility theory, Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; learning with complete data; Bayesian networks, Markov random fields and factor graphs; models; learning with incomplete data; computational learning and PAC learning theory.', 'Antireq: CS 786P', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'CS', '000743', 'GRD', 'Computational Vision', 'Fundamental problems in computational vision where efficient and robust algorithms can be applied. Topics include image formation; linear systems and Fourier theory; image registration; feature detection; fitting models to data; optical flow; structure from motion; steriopsis; object recognition; high-level vision.', 'Antireq: CS 698Q', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'CS', '000747', 'GRD', 'High-Performance Image Synthesis', 'Project-oriented course that covers high-performance image synthesis using techniques for both real-time interactive systems and offline physically-based rendering. Topics include numerical techniques; visual perception and light; mathematical models of rendering; global illumination algorithms; real-time rendering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('798', 'CS', '000753', 'GRD', 'Advanced Research Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECE', '000764', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'Fundamental optimization techniques. Modelling. Shortest path. Network flow. Matching. Set packing, covering partitioning. Branch and bound. Cutting Planes, Dynamic programming. Search Heuristics. (Students will gain valuable background in optimization techniques that are applicable to a wide range of engineering problems. They will also gain experience using a state of the art optimizer, in solving an optimization problem of their own choice using techniques discussed in the course).', 'Antireq: ECE 700 Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECE', '000765', 'GRD', 'Statistical Signal Processing', 'Optimum mininum mean-square error (MMSE) Wiener filtering. Parametric and non-parametric spectrum estimation. Eigenstructure-based frequency estimation. Statistical parameter estimation using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum a posteriori probability (MAP), minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and least squares (LS) methods. Adaptive signal processing using least-mean-squares (LMS) and recursive least-squares (RLS) approaches. Discrete-time Kalman filtering. Recommended background: ECE 316: Probability Theory/ECE 342: Signals and Systems/ECE413: Digital Signal Processing/ECE 604: Stochastic Processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECE', '000766', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Theory of random variables, vectors and processes. Conditional probabilities and expectations. Convergence of sequences of random variables. Markov chains in discrete and continuous time. Poisson processes. Basic renewal processes. Stationary random processes, correlation, and power spectra. Emphasis on problem solving using probabilistic approaches.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECE', '000767', 'GRD', 'Queueing Systems', 'Introduction to queueing theory, queueing models, performance measures, performance analysis and evaluations, Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, Little''s formula, Markov and semi-Markov processes, birth-death processes, single server and multiserver queues, single stage and tandem networks, open and closed networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'ECE', '000768', 'GRD', 'Broadband Communication Networks', 'This course is concerned with the fundamentals of broadband communication networks including network architecture, Switch fabrics, design methodology; traffic management, connection admission control (CAC), usage parameter control (UPC), flow and congestion control; capacity and buffer allocation, service scheduling, performance measures, performance modeling and queueing analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECE', '000769', 'GRD', 'Digital Communications', 'Representation of bandpass signals and systems, modulation and demodulation for the additive white Gaussian noise channel, optimal demodulation for signals with random phase, noncoherent detection for binary and M-ary orthogonal signals, hard and soft decision decoding for linear codes, concatenated codes, performance of coded modulation systems, characterization of fading multipath channels, diversity techniques, performance of coded systems on fading channels, direct sequence and frequency hopped spread spectrum systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'ECE', '000770', 'GRD', 'Information Theory', 'An introduction to information measures, entropy, mutual information and information divergence, noiseless codes and the noiseless coding theorem, channel capacity for discrete and continuous channels, randomly chosen code words, the noisy coding theorem, error rate exponents, computational cut-off rate and its application to digital communications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'ECE', '000771', 'GRD', 'Image Processing and Visual Communication', 'This course covers the fundamental concepts and methods, as well as state-of-the-art theories and technologies in the field of image processing and visual communications. Topics include fundamental digital image and video processing methods; image analysis and understanding; statistical image modeling and perception; and robustness, scalability and security issues in visual communications.', 'Antireq: ECE 710 - Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'ECE', '000772', 'GRD', 'Communications Over Fading Dispersive Channels', 'Overview of mobile communications, characterization and modeling of wireless fading dispersive channels, optimum receiver structure, transmission performance in fading channels, diversity and performance improvement, co-channel interference, spread spectrum and multiple access, capacity analysis in cellular environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('617', 'ECE', '000774', 'GRD', 'Data Compression with Applications to Speech and Image Coding', 'This course consists of three parts: Part 1 will be concerned with the definitions of entropies as information measures and the derivation of the rate distortion function of Gaussian sources, which will form the basis for performance comparison. Part 2 will discuss the derivations, design and performance of certain compression techniques, including dpcm/entropy coding, predictive coding, linear predictive coding (LPC), adaptive predictive coding (APC), vector quantization, and tree and trellis coding. Part 3 will consider applications of compression techniques to speech and image processing.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECE', '000777', 'GRD', 'Computer Organization', 'Organization of high performance digital computers, high speed arithmetic algorithms, control unit and data flow organization. Pipeline systems. Stack machines, associative processors, parallel processors. Performance evaluation.', 'Antireq: ECE 429, CS 450, CS 650', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ECE', '000780', 'GRD', 'Computer Network Security', 'Evolution of computer security. Types of security threats, hardware threats, software threats, physical threats, cryptanalysis. The theory of secure message passing. Methods of encryption, private networks, Data Encryption Standard, Public Key Cryptosystems. Secrecy and Privacy in a network environment, long haul networks, local area networks. Protocols for computer network security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECE', '000783', 'GRD', 'Microelectronic Processing Technology', 'Sources and purification of materials, crystal structure, diffusion, oxidation, ion implantation, alloying expitaxy, impurity profiling methods, metallisation, photo lithography. Technologies for VLSI.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'ECE', '000784', 'GRD', 'Photovoltaic Energy Conversion', 'Physical source of solar radiation; direct & diffuse radiations; review of electronic materials; semiconductor concepts; optical absorption; generation and recombination processes in semiconductors; operating principles of photovoltaic devices; homo- and hetero- junction devices; equivalent circuits; quantum efficiency; current-voltage characteristics; Efficiency limits in photovoltaic devices; short circuit current and open circuit voltage losses; temperature effect; material-imposed limits; theoretical and practical limits; Photovoltaic device design and fabrication; silicon-based devices; gallium arsenide devices; thin film devices; device simulation; fabrication technologies; Advanced photovoltaic concepts; nano-structure and organic PV devices; System-level photovoltaics; module structure and design; back-end electronics; stand-alone and grid-interactive systems; photovoltaic hybrid systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'ECE', '000785', 'GRD', 'Nanoelectronics', 'This course will cover the following topics; Basics of quantum mechanics; Quantum confinement; Boundary conditions; Schrodinger equation; Basic function; Density matrix; Energy bands; Subbands; Reciprocal lattice; Brillouin zone; Graphene and graphene nanoribbon; Transport in nanoelectronic devices.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 Topic 13', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'ECE', '000786', 'GRD', 'Organic Electronics', 'The course gives an overview of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. It begins with a review of electronic structure of single organic molecules as a guide to the electronic behaviour of organic aggregates.Various relevant material phenomena are reviewed; including topics from photophysics (absorption and emission of light, excited states, radiative and non-radiative transitions), intermolecular charge transport mechanisms (hopping, disorder), charge injection and transport models, and energy transfer processes. Their\napplications in light emitting devices, solar cells, thin film transistors, photodetector and imaging photoreceptors, etc. are discussed. Aspects related to device fabrication and patterning may also be addressed.', 'Antireq: NE 479-T1 and NE 472, ECE 730-T18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'ECE', '000787', 'GRD', 'Fabrication in the Nanoscale: Principles, Technology, & Applications', 'The research in nanoscale science and technology has seen a very fast growth in the past years. The cornerstone for this exciting growth is the ability to create nanoscale patterns, which is the object of the current course. The course will cover all major nano-lithography technologies capable of generating or duplicating sub-lOOnm patterns, including lithographies based on photons, charged beams, scanning probes, replication and self-assembly. Within each lithographic technique, the students will learn its working principle, related materials and instrument, process and limit. This course is complementary to ECE 631 (Microelectronic Processing Technology), but takes fabrication and associated theory into nanoscale.', 'Antireq: ECE 730 - Topic 24', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'ECE', '000788', 'GRD', 'Advanced Analog Integrated Circuits', 'Design of MOS and bipolar analog integrated circuits at the transistor level, with an emphasis on the design of single-stage and multi-stage op amps. Related topics include biasing, compensation and noise will be covered. In addition, higher level analog and mixed analog/digital subsystems will be discussed, time permitting. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('637', 'ECE', '000789', 'GRD', 'Digital Integrated Circuits', 'Design of CMOS digital integrated circuits at the transistor level. Related topics include MOSFET switch and 1-V models, logic gate design, transistor sizing, interconnect parasitics, gate delay, timing design, logical effort, static and dynamic logic families, arithmetic structures, latch and flip-flop elements, memory cells and arrays, and input/output circuitry. Students enrolling in this course are expected to have a background equivalent to the material covered in ECE 242, formerly ECE 332.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'ECE', '000790', 'GRD', 'Computer Aided Circuit Analysis and Design', 'Formulation of equations for arbitrary circuits, active network analysis; sensitivity calculations in the frequency domain; simple integration methods for time domain solution; numerical laplace inversion for transient solution of linear lumped and distributed networks; solution of nonlinear circuits; detailed time domain solution of nonlinear networks; simulation of switched networks in time domain; introduction to switched capacitor networks; iterative simulation methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'ECE', '000792', 'GRD', 'Algorithms for Physical Design of Digital Integrated Circuits', 'An introduction to the problems and algorithms that arise during the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of digital circuits. Course emphasis is on the backend of the CAD flow such as algorithms for solving problems including: technology mapping, partitioning, floor-planning, clustering, placement, routing and physical synthesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ECE', '000794', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Software Engineering', 'Fundamentals of software requirement analysis, software development as an engineering activity, basic process models, software specifications, modularity, cohesion, coupling, encapsulation, information hiding, principles of object oriented design, software project management, quality assurance and control. Priniciples of Software Architecture: Fundamental software architecture styles, synchronous & as synchronous communication of software components. Languages for software design specification: UML (class diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state diagrams). Overview of verification and validation techniques. Maintenance, evolution and reengineering, configuration management. Software metrics, quality assurance, fundamental cost and effort prediction models. Trends in software engineering (e.g., model-driven development, agile approaches).', 'Pre/Co-req: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26, or instructor consent. Antireq: ECE 355, ECE 451, CS 445, CS 645, SE 463, ECE 452, CS 446, CS 646, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ECE', '000796', 'GRD', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Students are expected to have programming experience with reading and writing code for large projects.', 'Prereq/coreq: ECE 650 or 750 Tpc 26 or instructor consent. Antireq: CS 447, 647, ECE 453, SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ECE', '000797', 'GRD', 'HVDC and FACTS', 'Application of state-of-the-art high power electronics to power transmission and distribution systems. The emphasis will be on three important application areas - high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) and Custom Power devices. The course addresses FACTS controllers including: static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), interphase power flow controllers (IPFC) and unified spower flow controllers (UPFC). Custom power devices such as shunt DSTATCOM, series compensating DVR and unified power quality conditioners (UPQC) are also discussed. This course will concentrate on the operating principles, models, and control and performance of power electronic systems used in these applications. Background required - ECE 463 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 661', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ECE', '000798', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Analysis and Control', 'The definitions and concepts associated with short circuit, power flow and stability analysis are presented and discussed. Models, techniques and tools used for these types of studies are discussed with a practical perspective, and applied to the comprehensive analysis of a typical test system. Controls and protections for voltage, angle and frequency control and regulation, such as Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR), Power System Stabilizers (PSS) , Automatic Generation Control (AGC), under-voltage and under-frequency relays, are also studied and applied. [Note: Required background - ECE 467 or equivalent.}', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('663', 'ECE', '000799', 'GRD', 'Energy Processing', 'This course is intended to embrace power electronic aspects together with the broader issues of the systems of energy processing for emerging technologies. Within this framework, topics include performance, selection and optimization of power semiconductor devices including thyristors, GTOs, triacs, BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs and MCTs; classification, circuits and performance of converting circuits including rectifiers, inverters, choppers and cycloconverters; control and protection of conversion circuits; requirements and constraints of energy processing systems such as variable speed drives, high energy battery installations, transportation, solar and wind generators and industrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ECE', '000800', 'GRD', 'Power System Components and Modeling', 'The basic structure, functional characteristics and protection schemes of the main components that make up a power system are studied, in particular generators, transformers, transmission lines, cables, loads, HVDC and FACTS controllers. Models of these components for detailed electromagnetic transient analysis and phasor-based studies such as power flow and stability studies are discussed in detail, and various models are compared and validated through simulations performed with commercial software packages. Required Background - ECE 631 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 664', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'ECE', '000801', 'GRD', 'Power Systems Operation', 'The course deals in details of power system operation in the context of restructured electricity markets. Basics of power system operation - economic load dispatch, concept of marginal cost, Kuhn-Tucker''s conditions of optimum, unit commitments, hydro-thermal coordination, optimal power flow analysis and security constrained economic dispatch are introduced. On the topic of transmission open access, the course discusses transmission pricing paradigms and the role of distribution factors in pricing. Transmission operations cover congestion management methods and firm transmission rights. Ancillary services procurement and pricing and power system security are discussed. Background - ECE 467 or equivalent.', 'Antireq: ECE 760 Topic 4 and Topic 6', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'ECE', '000802', 'GRD', 'Sustainable Distributed Power Generation', 'This course covers topics related to sustainable and clean energy resources; distributed generation and utility interfacing. The following topics are covered: Wind power generators; construction; operation theory, modeling and analysis. Wind turbine interfacing techniques with the grid. Photovoltaic energy sources; construction, modeling, loading characteristics and interfacing requirements. Fuel cells; types, construction, modeling and characteristics, operation theory and interfacing requirement. Distributed generation concept; Barriers to DG interfacing; Reactive power control applications using the DG interfacing; Ancillary services supplied by DG. System protection requirements with DG.', 'Antireq: ECE 667', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'ECE', '000803', 'GRD', 'Distribution System Engineering', 'This course covers the following topics in distribution engineering: Load Characteristics and distribution system load forecasting; Distribution system planning; Distribution system automation; Design and application of distribution transformers; Design and optimal operation of sub-transmission lines and distribution systems; Distribution system voltage regulation; Reactive power control for distribution systems; Application of capacitors to distribution systems; Calculation of voltage drops in lateral distribution systems; Calculation of power losses in distribution systems; Introduction to distribution system protection. Background Required - basic knowledge of power system operation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ECE', '000804', 'GRD', 'Dielectric Materials', 'Selected topics from theory of solid insulation breakdown. Conduction process in insulating liquids. Hydro dynamic processes. Theories of breakdown due to gaseous inclusion, moisture inclusion and particle contamination. Kinetic theory of gases. Breakdown mechanism in uniform electric fields. Corona and breakdown in non-uniform electric fields. Compressed gas insulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'ECE', '000805', 'GRD', 'Microwave and RF Engineering', 'Fundamentals of microwave and RF circuit analysis, design and measurements; Generalized transmission line analysis; S-parameters; Coupler and filter design; Diode-detectors, and mixers; Low-noise and power amplifiers, oscillators; Computer aided design of RF circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECE', '000806', 'GRD', 'Optoelectronic Devices', 'Overview of optical properties of semiconductors and elements of plane wave propagation, theory and design of light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and detectors, optical spectra and transitions, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, carrier and optical confinements in heterostructures, quantum-well lasers, optoelectronic detectors, bandgap engineered graded structures, staircase type or superlattice structures for detectors, detailed quantum efficiency calculations and detector noise considerations, Introduction to monolithic integrated circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'ECE', '000809', 'GRD', 'Radiation & Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields', 'Mathematics of time varying electromagnetic fields, linear antennas self and mutual impedance, aperture antenna, wave diffraction theory, geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'ECE', '000810', 'GRD', 'Fourier Optics and Optical Signal Processing', 'Analysis of two-dimensional linear systems, Scalar diffraction theory, Fourier transforming properties of lenses, Frequency analysis of optical imaging systems, Spatial filtering and optical information processing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) - data processing, Wavefront-reconstruction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'ECE', '000811', 'GRD', 'Multivariable Control Systems', 'An introduction to control theory for linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems from both the state-space and input-output viewpoints. State-space theory: the concepts of controllability, observability, stabilizability, and detectability; the pole-assignment theorem; observers and dynamic compensation; LQR regulators. Input-output theory: the ring of polynomials and the field of rational functions; the algebra of polynomial and rational matrices; coprime factorization of transfer matrices; Youla parametrization, introduction to optimal control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'ECE', '000812', 'GRD', 'System Identification', 'Estimation theory, linear and nonlinear regression, numerical techniques for parameter estimation for static and dynamic models, the Kalman filter and extensions, stochastic approximation, empirical dynamic models - especially for linear sampled data systems with stochastic inputs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'ECE', '000814', 'GRD', 'Filtering and Control of Stochastic Linear Systems', 'This is a course on continuous-parameter state estimation and control for stochastic linear systems. It is based on a single unifying theme, namely that state estimation in linear systems is equivalent to projection onto a closed linear subspace generated by an observation process in a Hilbert space of random variables. This formulation of state estimation leads to the innovations theorem of Kailath, and this in turn has a number of corollaries of considerable practical importance, such as the Kalman-Bucy filtering formulae and the Rauch-Tung-Striebel prediction formulae which are much used for example in problems of inertial guidance and control in aerospace, in stochastic optimal control, and (more recently) in econometrics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'ECE', '000815', 'GRD', 'Nonlinear Systems', 'Equilibrium points, linearization; second order systems; contraction mapping principle; existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear differential equations; periodic solutions; Lyapunov stability; the Lure problem; introduction to input-output stability, introduction to nonlinear control techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'ECE', '000822', 'GRD', 'Wireless Communication Networks', 'This course is intended to introduce fundamental concepts and give an overview of recent developments in solid-state photonic devices, as well as their applications in quantum optics and information. These solid-state based photonic devices can be shaped at the nanoscale in order to control the light collection efficiency, integrated in control structures to manipulate their electronic properties, as well as photonic circuits to influence light at the single photon level. Applications include transferring quantum information over long distances for secure communication; generation and detection of non-classical states of light for use in metrology, imaging, and the quantum internet; and the manipulation and storage of quantum information \u00bf the fundamental element in a quantum processor.', 'Prerequisite: ECE 316, 610, 604; Antirequisite: ECE 710 - Topic 2', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'ECE', '000827', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Solid State Devices', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ECE', '000828', 'GRD', 'CCD Image Sensors', 'As the cost of computing decreases at a phenomenal rate, the use of large format CCD area image sensors increases. Applications of CCD image sensors include industrial such as web inspection, document scanning, manufacturing product inspection for quality and process control, manufacturing product sorting and many other industrial applications. Multimedia and computers increasingly use their CCD image sensors or active pixel CMOS type image sensors. This course will start with the basic theory of CCD image sensors and graduate to CMOS type solid state image sensors. It will concentrate on the state of the art of this field and will deal with the basic device theory, the circuit design and architectures. Photosensitivity, noise, modulation transfer function and other aspects of spatial resolution will be covered. Related Background: E&CE semiconductor and circuit undergraduate courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ECE', '000836', 'GRD', 'Low Power VLSI Circuits for Wireless Communication', 'This course covers the system level design of integrated circuits for wireless transceivers. Specific mixed analog/digital circuits such as: mixers, A/D and D/A converters (Nyquist rate and oversampled) for IF digitizing as well as switched capacitor filters for IF and baseband processing will be studied. Related Background: Basic knowledge of Analog Integrated Circuits.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'ECE', '000839', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Electronic Circuits', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'ECE', '000844', 'GRD', 'Software Architecture & Design', 'Advanced study of software design and architecture; representation of architecture/design; software design methods; patterns in software design; analysis, assessment, verification and quality control for software design; case studies, current research issues and challenges. Related Background: Basic exposure to programming using C or C++, previous graduate or undergraduate course in software specifications, or software engineering should be sufficient.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ECE', '000845', 'GRD', 'Parallel and Distributed Systems', 'Models for concurrent programming; data programming; data parallel models for SIMD and MIMD computers; explicit, semiautomatic, and automatic approaches; data parallel compilers; software engineering issues such as program and data partitioning; task mapping and scheduling, concurrent program design, testing and debugging of concurrent programs, performance tuning, etc. Related Background: Basic exposure to programmin using C or Fortran, previous graduate or undergraduate course in operating system or concurrent programming would be helpful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ECE', '000847', 'GRD', 'Methods and Principles of Safety-critical Embedded Software', 'The application of formal test methods based on the structural and behavioural properties of software systems at the unit integration, and system testing levels; for conventional and object-oriented implementations. Related Background: Prior knowledge of a programming language and a certain maturity in compilers, operating systems, abstract data structures, object-oriented and programming skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ECE', '000856', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Antenna and Microwave Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'ECE', '000865', 'GRD', 'Adaptive Control', 'Adaptive control is an approach used to deal with the unavoidable problem of plant uncertainty. Rather than providing a fixed linear time-invariant controller, this approach yields a controller whoes parameters change with time. This controller typically consists of a linear time-invariant compensator together with a tuning mechanism which adjusts the controller gains; typical control objectives are stabilization and tracking.The bulk of the course will be centered on an identifier based approach. Here one chooses a model for the plant, whose parameters are unknown, and the plant parameters are recursively estimated; controller gains are computed assuming that the present estimate is corrent. We first study algorithms to carry out parameter estimation, we then look at various control laws, and finally these are combined to yield an adaptive controller. Related Background: knowledge of linear system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('784', 'ECE', '000868', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Stochastic Calculus', 'Monotone and Dynkin class theorems, introduction to discrete and continuous parameter martingales, stochastic integrals, Ito formula, Girsanov transformation. Held with: STAT 902.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'EARTH', '000879', 'GRD', 'Principles of Palynology', 'The morphology, taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of marine and non-marine palynomorphs from Paleozoic to Recent time are examined. Palynomorph morphology and taxonomic principles and methods of pollen analysis, pollen dispersal, deposition and preservation are explored and related to the geological record and their use in environmental reconstructions. The role of pollen analysis in Quaternary paleoecology is presented.', 'Prereq: EARTH 236 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'EARTH', '000880', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Recent Sediments', 'The origin of recent clastic and non-clastic sediments, the study of composition, structures, relationships, and environments towards an interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. The origin and significance of sedimentary structures, environmental associations, sedimentological models, hydrodynamics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'EARTH', '000881', 'GRD', 'Sedimentology - Ancient Sediments', 'Interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. Sedimentation and tectonics, basin evolution, continental margins. Ancient clastic and chemical suites, diagenetic indicators, evolution of sedimentary suites through time.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'EARTH', '000882', 'GRD', 'Carbonate Sedimentology', 'Weekly seminars will introduce current concepts in a variety of subject areas in the deposition and diagenesis of carbonate sediments. Laboratory exercises will involve study of Pleistocene and older carbonate rock suites from a selection of geologic settings. Several laboratories will be devoted to introduction of common analytical techniques such as cathodoluminescence and SEM.', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 433', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'EARTH', '000883', 'GRD', 'Metamorphic Tectonites', 'The study of textural and structural features of deformed metamorphic rocks. A synthesis of micro- and mega-scopic techniques directed at elucidating sequences of deformation and crystallization. Quantitative methods in the study of deformed rocks. Elements of style and symmetry in tectonites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'EARTH', '000884', 'GRD', 'Aqueous Geochemistry', 'a) Basic thermodynamics and activity-fugacity relationships. Chemical equilibria, ion association and complexing, oxidation-reduction reactions. Models for aqueous equilibria in high concentration solutions. b) Interaction of groundwater with porous media; mineral dissolution/precipitation reaction kinetics, ion exchange, surface ionization of oxides. c) Use of computer codes such as PHREEQE and GEOCHEM to simulate mass transfer in geochemical systems. Examining and modelling chemical evolution in groundwater flow systems.', 'Prereq: EARTH 421', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('622', 'EARTH', '000885', 'GRD', 'Environmental Isotope Hydrology and Geochemistry', 'This course explores the application of environmental isotopes (principally 2H, 13C, 15N, 18O,34S) as tracers of inorganic and organic processes and cycles in nature, with an emphasis on the use of isotope tracers in water and climate studies, including runoff generation analysis, isotope-mass balance studies, climatology and paleoclimatology, and in studies of biogeochemical cycling. Other topics are tailored to student interest and research focus across the broad spectrum of geological, hydrological and biological questions that can be addressed using isotope techniques. Note: Open to graduate students in physical and biological sciences, physical geography and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'EARTH', '000886', 'GRD', 'Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits', 'Application of light and heavy stable isotope systems as process tracers and exploration tools for a wide variety of low-temperature and high-temperature ore deposits. The use of stable isotopes for oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations and for reconstruction of local and global redox conditions during deposition of petroleum source rocks. Offered in alternate years.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'EARTH', '000888', 'GRD', 'Advanced Petrology', 'Advanced numerical techniques and theory in quantifying the behavior of rocks and fluids at high temperatures and pressues. Application of experimental and natural data to the study of tectonic, metamorphic and igneous processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'EARTH', '000889', 'GRD', 'Genesis of Metalliferous Ore Deposits', 'Selected topics will be studied in depth with emphasis on deposits associated with volcanic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'EARTH', '000890', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Soil and Rock Mechanics', 'Site investigation techniques for strength and deformation properties, load tests, bore hole tests, rock classification, monitoring methods and instrumentation, borehole geophysics for geomechanical properties, correlation to case histories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'EARTH', '000891', 'GRD', 'Geomechanics of In Situ Processes', 'Geomechanics of in situ methods of energy recovery for heavy oil and minerals. Thermoelasticity, hydraulic fracture geomechanics, multi-phase system compressibility, remote and direct monitoring methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'EARTH', '000892', 'GRD', 'Clay Mineralogy', 'Structure, classification, properties, and nomenclature of clay materials. Genesis and environmental and engineering significance of clay minerals. Identification of clay minerals by X-ray diffractometry and other techniques. Clay minerals in diagenesis and sedimentary basin analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'EARTH', '000893', 'GRD', 'Advanced Engineering Geology', 'Time dependent behaviour of rocks, Griffiths crack theory, failure criteria for rocks, in situ stresses and their origins, behaviour of discontinuous rock masses, introductions to analytic and numerical methods for rock mechanics. Case studies, term project.', 'Prereq: EARTH 437', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'EARTH', '000894', 'GRD', 'Quaternary Geology of North America', 'Selected topics in the North American Quaternary such as Great Lakes history, Canadian organic deposits and fossil record, glacial and non-glacial stratigraphy, and the history of the last continental ice-sheet.', 'Prereq: EARTH 440 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'EARTH', '000895', 'GRD', 'Advanced Quaternary Ecology', 'Discussion of current topics in Quaternary ecology at the advanced level. Emphasis will be on application and significance of Quaternary ecological techniques to paleoenvironmental reconstructions, climatic change, land-use history, anthropogenic disturbance, and environmental modelling.', 'Prereq: EARTH 441 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'EARTH', '000896', 'GRD', 'Geoliminology', 'An introduction to basic concepts on the morphology, geology, geochemistry, sediment-related processes, and paleoecology of lakes. The focus is on the lake/watershed system and processes of the water column and associated terrestrial processes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'EARTH', '000897', 'GRD', 'Global Problems of Quaternary Geology', 'Selected topics with global perspective, such as the deep sea record, long terrestrial records, Quaternary time boundaries, dating methods, paleotemperature analyses, isostasy, and sea level changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'EARTH', '000898', 'GRD', 'Geology of the Great Lakes Region', 'Selected topics dealing with the stratigraphy, paleontology, tectonic development, and economic geology of the Great Lakes Basin. Approximately one third of the course will be devoted to each of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Quaternary geology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'EARTH', '000899', 'GRD', 'Physical Processes in Groundwater Systems', 'This course aims to deepen the student''s understanding of physical processes occurring in natural groundwater systems. Flow and transport processes and their interrelationships with the characteristics of the porous medium are studied and the governing equations developed. Topics covered include the fundamental concepts of physical hydrogeology, flow in the saturated and unsaturated zones, flownet analysis, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), contaminant transport in porous and fractured media, stochastic principles of transport in heterogeneous media, coupled nonlinear processes, and applications in groundwater contamination/remediation. Recommended: EARTH 456 (can be taken concurrently with EARTH 650).', 'Prereq: MATH 213A and EARTH 359 or 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'EARTH', '000900', 'GRD', 'Advanced Groundwater Modelling', 'This course covers advanced numerical modelling topics in groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the subsurface. Topics to be explored include two- and three-dimensional transport in groundwater systems, density/ heat-dependent flow/transport, flow in the vadose zone, immiscible flow of non-aqueous phase liquids, multiphase dissolution and mass transfer processes, transport of biodegrading or chemically interacting contaminants, transport in fractured systems, transport in the vapour phase. The focus is on the use of models to obtain insight into the complex coupled processes that control groundwater contamination and remediation problems. Students will work with their own as well as existing models.', 'Prereq: EARTH 456 or 650 and 656', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'EARTH', '000901', 'GRD', 'Contaminant Hydrogeology', 'Physical and chemical processes influencing contaminant behaviour in groundwater with emphasis on field approaches. Interpretation of process effects in the context of various causes of groundwater contamination such as those related to landfills, chemical spills, mining and agriculture. Field experiments and case studies. (EARTH 621 and EARTH 657 or equivalent are recommended).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'EARTH', '000902', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Research Management', 'Advanced topics in the design and analysis of aquifer tests, behaviour of aquifer-aquitard systems, aquifer exploration, groundwater resource evaluation in undeveloped areas, artificial recharge, induced recharge, conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater, effects of excessive groundwater withdrawals, role of analog and digital models in groundwater management.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('656', 'EARTH', '000903', 'GRD', 'Groundwater Modelling', 'This course is an enriched version of EARTH 456 for graduate students. It introduces the student to numerical modelling techniques in groundwater science, with an emphasis on a sound understanding of the fundamental principles as a basis for developing and using models in a research environment. Numerical techniques including finite difference, finite element, and particle tracking methods are studied and applied to the solution of problems in groundwater flow, aquifer mechanics, flownet generation, and advective-dispersive transport. Proper modelling approaches, error analysis, stability, discretization constraints, pitfalls, and model misuse are discussed. Students will be developing some of their own groundwater models, and will be obtaining hands-on experience with state-of-the-art interactive groundwater models in the PC laboratory. Prior experience with FORTRAN is essential. Recommended: MATH 111B or equivalent. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: CS 102 and EARTH 359 and EARTH 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'EARTH', '000904', 'GRD', 'Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface', 'Fundamental processes governing the fate of organic contaminants in soil and aquifer systems. Emphasis on partitioning between phases (dissolution, sorption and volatilization) with applications. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 459 and 650 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'EARTH', '000905', 'GRD', 'Flow and Transport in Fractured Rock', 'An introduction to the physical hydrogeology of fractured rock. Topics will include a review of the structural geology of fractured rocks, development and validity of the cubic law, groundwater flow and contaminant transport in discrete fractures and fracture networks, hydraulic testing methods and the hydrogeology of low-permeability environments. Recommended: Differential Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 459', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('659', 'EARTH', '000906', 'GRD', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'This course builds on the fundamental principles of aqueous chemistry and water-rock interactions with emphasis on groundwater environments. Topics include the evolution of natural groundwater chemistry, chemical aspects of contaminant hydrogeology such as hydrocarbons, radioactive wastes, acid mine drainage and industrial and municipal waste disposal. Geochemical models are introduced and applied by students in a course project. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 and 221 or, EARTH 231 and CIV E 375 or consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'EARTH', '000907', 'GRD', 'Analytical Methods in Mathematical Geology', 'A course intended to provide MSc and PhD students with a working knowledge of analytical techniques for solution of differential equations governing flow and mass transfer in hydrogeologic systems. Use of various transform methods such as Fourier and Laplace will be covered and applied to a variety of problems of hydrogeological interest. The course will consist of lectures, selected problem assignments and/or individual projects. Recommended: Second Year Calculus.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'EARTH', '000908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Applied Geophysics', 'A field-oriented course on current methodology in the general area of geotechnical or engineering geophysics as applied to environmental problems. Typical topics covered: well logging and time domain electromagnetic surveys for groundwater supply; magnetic and terrain conductivity surveys for waste materials; ground penetrating radar applications to stratigraphy and contamination; streaming potential surveys of dam leakage. Usually taught with EARTH 461.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'EARTH', '000909', 'GRD', 'Field Methods in Hydrogeology', 'A course dealing with the theory and applications of field techniques in hydrology. Physical, chemical, and isotopic methods are included with applications to groundwater and surface water hydrology. The course will consist of lectures, field activities, projects and assignments. All will be conducted over a 3-week time period at the end of the Winter term in April. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the instructor.', 'Prereq: EARTH 458 or 650 and consent of Instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'EARTH', '000911', 'GRD', 'Current Problems in Geology', 'Seminars will be held to cover major topics excluded from other available courses. Graduate students will be required to present for discussion short colloquia based on their reading of assigned topics. Participation in the discussions, as well as the actual presentation of papers, will be an integral part of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'EARTH', '000912', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for MSc Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'EARTH', '000918', 'GRD', 'Special Studies for PhD Students', 'Course credit may be given for special studies related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty by special arrangement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECON', '000925', 'GRD', 'Microeconomic Theory I', 'This course studies models of economic decision making. Topics include: choice under uncertainty, consumer and producer theory and game theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'ECON', '000926', 'GRD', 'Macroeconomic Theory I', 'The main purpose of this course is to provide students with the methodological tools that underlie dynamic equilibrium analysis of the macro-economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ECON', '000928', 'GRD', 'Monetary Theory and Banking', 'This course for MA students examines the monetary and financial aspects of the macro-economy. Its main purpose is to prepare students to conduct analyses of problems and policies in monetary economics. Topics may include the link between monetary policy and output, the economic cost of aggregate fluctuations, the costs and benefits of price stability, the role of central banks and the banking system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'ECON', '000929', 'GRD', 'Computational Economics', 'Static and dynamic general equilibrium modelling; computation, calibration and simulation. Sensitivity analysis. Policy applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECON', '000930', 'GRD', 'Research Methodology', 'This course focuses on increasing students'' understanding of the roles of economic theory and empirical methods and on the development of skills in the critical analyses of economic research. Through reading a variety of research papers and attending seminars, students will gain exposure to different research methodologies used in economics. Students will learn how to synthesize and critique research on a particular topic by writing reviews of academic papers and/or research reports from government and non-governmental agencies, as well as by writing a paper such as literature survey on an assigned topic. Students will enhance their writing skills and will also gain practice in presenting a research paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'ECON', '000933', 'GRD', 'Econometrics I', 'Specification and estimation of the linear regression model. Departures from the Gauss-Markov assumptions include heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and errors in variables. Advanced topics include generalized least squares, and simultaneous equations/instrumental variables. They may also include nonlinear regression, and limited dependent variable models. Some or all of the problem sets involve working with the computer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ECON', '000935', 'GRD', 'International Trade', 'This course presents classical and new international trade theories and discusses selected topics representative of recent empirical research. Theory, extensions, applications and empirical tests of models such a Ricardian, Hecksher-Ohlin, increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition, political economy, heterogeneous agents (Melitz) will be covered. Additional elective topics include trade and environment; economic geography; trade, aid and development; trade and conflict; trade and growth.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'ECON', '000938', 'GRD', 'Public Economics: Expenditure', 'This course studies the economic role of the public sector in a modern market economy. Topics include the efficient provision of public goods, externalities and public choice analysis of the growth in government spending. Time permitting, some issues in the public economics of taxation may be covered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ECON', '000939', 'GRD', 'Industrial Organization I', 'Study of the firm as a rational economic agent, how it makes decisions and implements strategies in markets that are imperfectly competitive, and the differences in industry equilibrium relative to perfect competition. The course covers market owe (oligopolies and monopolistically competitive models), the theory of the firm (organization and contracts), vertical restraints, differentiated products, price discrimination, advertising, barriers to entry, and strategic behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'ECON', '000941', 'GRD', 'Resource Economics', 'The economics of renewable and non-renewable resources in a Canadian context. Problems peculiar to the fisheries, forestry, mineral industries and oil and gas production and consumption are analyzed. Also considered are economic and constitutional issues arising from the uneven distribution of resource rents in Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'ECON', '000945', 'GRD', 'Financial Economics', 'Topics covered include: expected utility theory, no-arbitrage pricing, equilibrium-pricing models, derivative-security pricing, asymmetric information, capital structure theory and dividend policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'ECON', '000946', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Economics', 'One or more half-courses will be offered at different times as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('674', 'ECON', '000947', 'GRD', 'Capstone Research Project', 'In this course, students organize individually, or in teams of two or three, to write a report on a contemporary topic in economics that relates to their co-op work term experience. Teams are responsible for organizing regular meetings to coordinate work tasks, keeping a record of individual contributions to the project. The report should reflect the connection between academic studies and co-op work experience, demonstrating evidence of critical analysis, good organization, clarity, and conciseness. The report with be presented to the current cohort of MA students and members of the department''s graduate committee. The final grade will be assigned by the Graduate Advisor.\n\nThis course is restricted to students in enrolled in the MA in Economics and MA in Economics - Water - Co-operative programs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'ECON', '000957', 'GRD', 'Econometrics II', 'The course provides a rigorous treatment of more advanced topics in econometrics. They include system of equations, simultaneous equations, generalized method of moments, empirical likelihood, vector autoregression and dynamic models, time series models and methods, discrete dependent variables, and limited dependent variables.', 'Prereq: ECON 621', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'ENGL', '001021', 'GRD', 'Rhetorical Studies', 'A course in rhetorical theory and criticism for graduate-level students.', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('797', 'ENGL', '001200', 'GRD', 'Digital Media and Literature', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('799', 'ENGL', '001201', 'GRD', 'Media Theory and Critique', '', 'ENGL Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'ERS', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'PSCI', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GGOV', '001205', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Global Environmental Governance', 'This course examines the ways in which environmental challenges are being addressed by means of ''global governance'' - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these environmental challenges. Concepts are investigated both to help analyze the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing structures and to suggest ways in which alternative forms of global governance might advance sustainability. Specific organizations and other actors presently active in global environmental governance are given particular attention, as is the management of selected global environmental challenges.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'ERS', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'GEOG', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PLAN', '001210', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Resource and Environmental Management', 'Current research and practice in resource and environmental management. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('669', 'ERS', '001213', 'GRD', 'Research and Design Methods', 'This course will examine different ways of knowing and modes of research design relevant for interdisciplinary environmental research. Students will also be introduced to an array of quantitative and qualitative research methods in the natural and social sciences and will explore methods relevant to their research through class discussions and assignments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'FINE', '001237', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 1', 'A seminar course in which the various issues, motives and concerns of contemporary art will be presented and discussed. In addition to lectures on contemporary art, visiting artists and critics will speak on various aspects of the field, and participate in group discussions. Students will carry out research on individual topics and will make an extended presentation of their findings towards the end of the term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FINE', '001238', 'GRD', 'Issues in Contemporary Art 2', 'A continuation of FINE 680. The research begun in FINE 680 will be continued in greater depth and consolidated in a major written paper. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680.', 'Prereq: FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('682', 'FINE', '001239', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 1', 'This course will meet coterminously with FINE 680 . Students at this level will help to organize parts of the course and will serve as commentators and respondents for the critiques and presentations of the students in FINE 680. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 680, 681.', 'Prereq: FINE 680 and 681. Open to Fine Arts Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'FINE', '001240', 'GRD', 'Graduate Senior Seminar 2', 'This course is a continuation of FINE 682. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 682.', 'FINE 682. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'FINE', '001241', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 1', 'This course consists of directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration, as indicated in their original statement of intention. Appropriate studio space will be provided for all students enroled in this course, and regular critiques and discussions will be scheduled by the First Year Graduate Committee. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691', 'FINE', '001242', 'GRD', 'Graduate Studio 2', 'A continuation of FINE 690 ; directed individual studio work in the student''s chosen area of concentration. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only. Prerequisite: FINE 690.', 'Prereq: FINE 690. Open to Fine Art Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('692', 'FINE', '001243', 'GRD', 'Graduate Summer Studio', 'Students will carry out independent studio work under the supervision of Fine Arts faculty members. During half of the term, students may serve as interns in the studios of professional artists, under the terms of the Keith and Win Shantz Summer Internship Program. Work done during this course will be exhibited early in the Fall term. Open to Fine Arts graduate students only.', 'Fine Arts Graduate Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'FR', '001253', 'GRD', 'Language', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'FR', '001254', 'GRD', 'Linguistics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'FR', '001261', 'GRD', 'Research or Professional Practicum in French', 'This graduate practicum in French offers advanced experiential learning in an area related to the student\u00bfs professional or research interest. A student wishing to pursue this possibility must submit to the Associate Chair, Graduate Studies, a proposal that outlines the plans for the practicum (e.g., the organizing unit, the on-site supervisor, the nature of the professional or research work, the relevance to the French graduate program) and the arrangements for evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'FR', '001278', 'GRD', '18th-Century Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'FR', '001301', 'GRD', 'French-Canadian Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('681', 'FR', '001313', 'GRD', 'Critical Methods - Theory of Literature', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'FR', '001326', 'GRD', 'Topics in North African Literature', 'In this course we will study literary texts of different genres and writers from the Maghreb region.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GEOG', '001344', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Spatial Data Handling', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis and overview of concepts and methodologies in\nseveral aspects of spatial data handling: cartography, geographic information systems, remote sensing,\nspatial statistics, including analysis of spatial data sets. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GEOG', '001345', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing of Cold Regions', 'This course focuses on the extraction of hydrologically-relevant parameters from remote sensing that are germane to cold regions such as snowfall, snow cover, glaciers & ice caps, lake and river ice, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground. The determination of hydrological parameters in the liquid and vapour phases such precipitiation, soild moisture, surface water, and evaporation/evapotranspiration from remote sensing, as well as the integration of remote sensing data into hydrological models are also covered. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: GEOG 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate Geography degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 602. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GEOG', '001346', 'GRD', 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Science', 'This course will explore how remote sensing is used and in concert with empirical or physically-based models to help us better understand Earth system processes from the local to global scales. Students will learn how remote sensing measurements are coupled with radiative transfer models, energy and mass balance models and spatial analytical models from different components of the Earth system. Examples will be drawn from the hydrologic and carbon cycles from the human built enviornment. Prerequisites: UW undergraduates: Geog 271, 371, 471 or undergraduate Geomatics degree. Undergraduate degree with suitable remote sensing experience. Students with no remote sensing experience but strong GIS experience are required to take a 675 Directed Reading course entitled \"Remote Sensing Analysis\" prior to enrolment in 603. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'GEOG', '001347', 'GRD', 'Spatial Statistics', 'An overview of spatial statistics and their use in geographic studies. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 318', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'GEOG', '001348', 'GRD', 'Scientific Data Wrangling', 'This course covers the data science skills comprising data visualization, data wrangling (cleaning,\ncombining, modelling, etc.), and methodological and statistical design, which are an important part of\nthe scientific method. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'GEOG', '001349', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems', 'Introduces the fundamentals of GIS at a graduate level, including cartographic best practices, map projections and coordinate systems, georeferencing data, quantitative mapping, web mapping, and introductory spatial analysis, including clustering, network, and multicriteria analysis. Intended for students without significant experience in GIS. *eligible for MES.', 'Antireq: GEOG 381, GEOG 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'GEOG', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'PLAN', '001360', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'Theory and application of multivariate statistics, regression and correlation analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis and grouping analysis, with emphasis on the use of the computer. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'GEOG', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('618', 'PLAN', '001362', 'GRD', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Presentation of analytical and simulation models useful in analyzing geographic phenomena such as spatial interaction, spatial dependence, spatial equilibria and locational optimization; consideration is given to both theoretical and empirical components. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'GEOG', '001364', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Human Geography', 'This seminar class will provide a foundational analysis of the interdisciplinary scope of Human\nGeography by evaluating key concepts and theoretical approaches that have defined the evolution of\nthe sub-discipline in the contemporary period. Students will assess how their research interests will\ncontribute to ongoing conceptual developments in Human Geography.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'GEOG', '001368', 'GRD', 'Human Activity and Travel Behaviour', 'An exploration of observed patterns of human activity and travel, underlying decision-making processes, data collection methodologies, and associated impacts on environment and health.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'GEOG', '001369', 'GRD', 'Qualitative Methods in Geography', 'This course is designed to investigate the range of qualitative research methods (research tools) employed by human geographers and explore the methodological justifications (philosophical or theoretical underpinnings) for using this type of research approach. Qualitative methods attempt to interpret meaning as opposed to purely measuring phenomena. The focus of qualitative research is not descriptive measurement and prediction of phenomena, as offered by statistical description/analysis, but is more attuned to examining subjective understandings and the interpretation of meaning (hermeneutics). This course will examine and evaluate the range of research tools comprising qualitative methods including: various interviewing methods, participant observation, ethnography, case study methods and dicourse analysis. It will also engage with the theoretical debates and philosophical approaches that underpin qualitative research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GEOG', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'INDEV', '001374', 'GRD', 'International Development: Theories and Practice', 'This course emphasizes both theoretical and conceptual frameworks, techniques, practices and methods for analysis of development, focusing in particular on the development - environment interface and questions of sustainability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GEOG', '001375', 'GRD', 'Foundations in Environmental Science', 'This seminar course examines basic concepts related to temporal and spatial scales together with\nvariability as they directly affect data collection and analysis. Leading-edge research related to\nEnvironmental Science will be critically discussed. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'GEOG', '001376', 'GRD', 'Micrometeorology', 'Advanced study of boundary-layer meteorology. Energy balance regimes for complex surfaces are examined. The theory of turbulent and radiant transfer is studied using field data collected during the course. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('643', 'GEOG', '001377', 'GRD', 'Dynamic Geomorphology', 'An overview of current issues and methodologies in geomorphology with special emphasis on processes operating in fluvial, glacial, periglacial or coastal environments. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('644', 'GEOG', '001378', 'GRD', 'Applied Geomorphology', 'An examination of the way in which human activities modify landscapes and the impacts of government policy and planning with respect to landscape change. The role of the geomorphologist in landscape rehabilitation. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'GEOG', '001379', 'GRD', 'Hydrology', 'Overview of hydrological processes with emphasis on Canadian examples related to the hydrologic cycle, surface hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and measurement techniques. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('647', 'GEOG', '001380', 'GRD', 'Recent Advances in Wetland Studies', 'Selected topics on the distribution, classification, functional dynamics, and ecosystem structure of wetlands. A scientific basis for wetlands management is emphasized. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'GEOG', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: GEOG 661A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661B', 'PLAN', '001389', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 2', 'This course is a continuation of GEOG 661A/PLAN661A. *eligible for MES.', 'Prerequisite: PLAN 661A or consent of Instructor.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'GEOG', '001392', 'GRD', 'Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Sustainability', 'Readings, discussions and case study analysis draw attention to the intersection of political-economy and ecological analysis, and contested understandings of environmental change, livelihoods and sustainability. Topics may include communities and conservation, knowledge systems and power, ecological change, property rights and institutions, social movements, and methods. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'TOUR', '001400', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Perspectives on Tourism', 'This course will introduce participants to a variety of topics and research methods through presentations made by active researchers from Canada and abroad. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'GEOG', '001401', 'GRD', 'Human Ecology of Stressed Environments', 'An examination of socioeconomic-biophysical system interactions emphasizing multi- and transdisciplinary perspectives such as human ecology, health, ecosystems, and complexity. Students normally focus on one particular problem and region to illustrate concepts and methods. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'GEOG', '001402', 'GRD', 'International Perspectives on Resource and Environmental Management', 'An overview of issues, problems and concepts in international resource and environmental management. The complex nature of ecological/biophysical, economic, and sociocultural aspects of resource management will be explored, with particular emphasis placed on tracing challenges experienced in developing countries. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'GEOG', '001403', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Geography', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual basis with faculty members. An outline for this course, approved by the professor in charge, must be submitted to the Program Director, within three weeks of registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'GEOG', '001434', 'GRD', 'Geographic Thought and Methodology', 'An analysis of changing methods and philosophy of geographic research with emphasis on problem formulation and the design and evaluation of geographic research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'GER', '001448', 'GRD', 'Methods of Research', 'A course designed to foster an understanding of the fundamental notions of critical inquiry and to provide training in intellectual and practical skills common to research in the areas of applied linguistics, film and literary studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'GER', '001449', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Literary and Cultural Theory', 'Major currents in twentieth-century literary theory are discussed and applied to primary texts so that students can develop their own critical position.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'GER', '001450', 'GRD', 'Approaches in Language Didactics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'GER', '001451', 'GRD', 'Topics in Second Language Acquisition and Computer Assisted Language Learning', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('721', 'GER', '001464', 'GRD', 'Topics in Comparative Literature and Culture', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('723', 'GER', '001465', 'GRD', 'Topics in Literature and Cultural Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'GER', '001496', 'GRD', 'Reading Courses in Approved Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'HIST', '001559', 'GRD', 'Canadian History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HIST', '001560', 'GRD', 'Canadian History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('604', 'HIST', '001561', 'GRD', 'Theory and Practice of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: Historical and Contemporary Issues', 'This seminar offers a comparative analysis of insurgency and counterinsurgency from the 19th century to the present. It examines resistance to foreign invaders in Europe, the century of rebellion in Mexico in 1810-1917, anti-colonial wars of national liberation, Marxist revolutionary movements in South-East Asia and Latin America, the upsurge of Islamic fundamentalism and urban guerrilla warfare. The course will focus on the sources of insurgencies, their nature and the support they drew from various social groups. In each case, the government''s response will also be investigated. We will analyse theories of guerrilla thinkers and pacification models and pay particular attention to the gap between intended and actual policies, and the plight of civilians caught in crossfire.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'HIST', '001568', 'GRD', 'Global Indigenous Rights', 'This course examines the historical and political contexts of Indigenous rights movements from around the world. It considers the histories of Indigenous-state relations and Indigenous assertions of rights and sovereignty through cultural, political, and legal means. We will discuss grassroots and global Indigenous rights movements and international efforts to address Indigenous aspirations and decolonization especially following WWII. Attention will be also paid to the formation of Indigenous organizations and the engagement of international forums (i.e., through the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'HIST', '001578', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'HIST', '001579', 'GRD', 'Early Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('626', 'HIST', '001582', 'GRD', 'Modern European History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('627', 'HIST', '001583', 'GRD', 'Modern European History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'HIST', '001590', 'GRD', 'History of the United States I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'HIST', '001591', 'GRD', 'History of the United States II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'HIST', '001592', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('636', 'HIST', '001593', 'GRD', 'Race in Modern History II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'HIST', '001602', 'GRD', 'Historians and Public Policy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'HIST', '001604', 'GRD', 'Public History Interpretation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691A', 'HIST', '001615', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691B', 'HIST', '001616', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('691C', 'HIST', '001617', 'GRD', 'Directed Studies', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'HIST', '001627', 'GRD', 'Major Field Written Qualifying Examination', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'HIST', '001638', 'GRD', 'Canadian History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'HIST', '001639', 'GRD', 'British History Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'HIST', '001640', 'GRD', 'Community Studies Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('766', 'HIST', '001641', 'GRD', 'Gender, Women and Family Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('768', 'HIST', '001642', 'GRD', 'United States Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'HIST', '001643', 'GRD', 'Science, Medicine and Technology Minor Area Seminar', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'HIST', '001644', 'GRD', 'Minor Area of Concentration', 'This minor area is arranged between the student and a professor, and falls outside of those other minor areas enumerated in the calendar. The participants will provide the department and the Graduate Studies Office with a course name, which will appear on the student''s transcript, in order to more specifically identify the minor area', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'HLTH', '001724', 'GRD', 'Lifespan Determinants of Health and Disease', 'The course will examine the determinants of health and disease from a multi-disciplinary lifespan perspective. An integrated approach will be taken to consider biological, behavioral, and social factors relevant to health and disease at different ages and to discuss issues of prevention within a broadly-based public health orientation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606A', 'HLTH', '001730', 'GRD', 'Epidemiological Methods', 'An investigation of the epidemiology of selected non-infectious diseases with emphasis on the identification of risk factors and on the methodology of epidemiological investigations.', 'Prereq: HSG 605B and 605C or HLTH 605B. Antireq: HLTH 606B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'HLTH', '001731', 'GRD', 'Program Development and Service Delivery for the Elderly', 'The various programs and services, particularly in the non-medical areas, will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on various programs which are available to the elderly residing in the community, such as home care and homemaking services, various outreach programs, including day hospitals, placement and coordination services, geriatric assessment services, vacation relief beds and foster home programs. The reasons for the changes which have taken place over time will also be investigated. In addition, the cost-effectiveness and methods how such cost-effectiveness can be evaluated will be outlined. As with HSG 703, students in this course will be expected to undertake some field work.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'HLTH', '001743', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum', 'Fall/Winter/Spring. The supervised research practicum is intended to enhance basic or applied research skills as demonstrated through previous practica, research assistantships or other research experiences. The placement may involve a combination of research design or development, data collection (using quantitative or qualitative methods), analyses, interpretation and presentation. A contract stipulating practicum objectives, and work to be completed and evaluated to meet these objectives, must be jointly approved by the student, the student''s field supervisor, the student''s academic advisor (if applicable), and the course instructor. A written report by the student, together with a letter from the field supervisor, are used by the course instructor to evaluate student performance.', 'SPHS Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'KIN', '001745', 'GRD', 'Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Structure & Function', 'An analysis of the morphological, biophysical, molecular, and physiological properties of skeletal muscle. Topics range from the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, excitation-contraction processes, and cell signaling.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'KIN', '001746', 'GRD', 'Respiratory and Cardiovascular Physiology', 'The physiology of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems in work and superimposed environmental stresses are examined. Topics include myocardial function, hemodynamics, microcirculation, diffusion, acid base balance, body fluid regulation and the nature of hormonal and neural control systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'KIN', '001748', 'GRD', 'Biomechanics of Human Motion', 'An assessment of research in the biomechanics of human motion including electromyography, muscle modelling, link segment modelling and analysis, energy and power analysis. The above concepts will be utilized in the assessment of athletes and both the normal and atypical population in sport and rehabilitation contexts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('612', 'KIN', '001749', 'GRD', 'Instrumentation and Signal Processing in Biophysical Research', 'Techniques in data acquisition, reduction, and signal processing commonly employed in biophysical research are discussed in class and used in laboratory sessions. Among other instruments, the student becomes familiar with the use of a variety of transducers and their systems characteristics, electromyographs, the process of analog to digital conversion, documentation of motion, stress and strain, and the quantification of medical image data. Signal to noise enhancement is emphasized through all aspects of the course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('616', 'KIN', '001750', 'GRD', 'Neural Control of Human Movement', 'An examination of current theories and evidence concerning the neural control of human movement. Topics may include: origin of kinesthesia, organization of spinal circuits and reflex actions regulating posture and movement, neural strategies for the control of upright stance and locomotion, functional organization of the motor cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia for the control of voluntary movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'KIN', '001751', 'GRD', 'Ergonomic Aspects of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries', 'This course examines the relationships between physical and organizational aspects of the work environment and occupational musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries. Emphasis will be placed on back and upper limb injuries. Major topics covered include injury mechanisms, assessment of injury risk, reporting of injury and use of injury statistics, work site interventions and evaluation of their effectiveness and relevant legislation (including Human Rights considerations). A laboratory project using the methodologies studied in the course is an important component of the course. A project within a local industry, instead of the laboratory project is preferred but optional.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'KIN', '001753', 'GRD', 'Social Neuroscience of Exercise and Eating', 'An examination of current social neuroscientific theories and research in relation to the cognitive aspects of exercise participation and the neurobiology of dietary choice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'KIN', '001760', 'GRD', 'Motor Learning', 'An examination of current theories models and experimental literature concerned with the learning and performance of skilled movement. Topics may include: models of motor learning, expert-novice differences in skill, the automatization of skill, mental practice, the relationship between cognitive and motor skills.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'KIN', '001761', 'GRD', 'Movement Control and Learning', 'This course deals with the learning and control of goal-directed eye, head, arm and hand movements. Topics include: Hick''s and Fitt''s Laws; goals, task plans and motor equivalence; the actor/environment interface; movement planning and organization; use of schemas, motor programs, feedforward and sensory feedback; motorsensory integration; and knowledge representation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('680', 'KIN', '001769', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('686', 'KIN', '001790', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Neuroscience I', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'KIN', '001800', 'GRD', 'Cardiorespiratory Integration', 'The control of cardiorespiratory responses to exercise will be examined by detailed consideration of afferent, central neural and effector mechanisms for regulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'KIN', '001802', 'GRD', 'Modelling of Human Musculoskeletal System during Movement', 'Modelling of the human musculoskeletal system during movement is explored using a number of techniques. Assumptions and difficulties in applying modelling techniques to the human body are stressed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'KIN', '001820', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Physiology and Nutrition', 'An analysis of specific topics of interest. The form of study may involve a review of literature or the planning and execution of an independent study resulting in a paper for possible publication.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'ECDEV', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'GEOG', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('611', 'PLAN', '001839', 'GRD', 'Industrial Location Theory and Concepts', 'Examination of industrial location theory, and themes concerning the role of manufacturing in the space-economy. Factors of location will be considered as will the way that manufacturing has led to spatial disparity on international, regional and local levels.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'ECDEV', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GEOG', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'PLAN', '001841', 'GRD', 'Innovation and Economic Development in Cities and Regions', 'This course offers a critical examination of the innovation, knowledge creation and circulation, and governance processes that underpin contemporary economic development in cities and regions. Strategies, policies and programs that are intended to support and promote innovation and economic development in urban and regional economies are analyzed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ECDEV', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'ERS', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'GEOG', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('615', 'PLAN', '001842', 'GRD', 'Community Economic Development', 'Community Economic Development is a field of theory, process and practice that is concerned with understanding the forces shaping communities and finding sustainable local solutions to economic needs. This seminar course will examine topics such as capacity-building, asset-based strategies, social capital, poverty-alleviation, social enterprises and co-operatives, and comprehensive community initiatives, using international and local examples and case studies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'ECDEV', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'GEOG', '001843', 'GRD', 'Economic Development: Theories and Frameworks', 'This course reviews the evolution and foundations of contemporary economic development. It offers a critical appraisal of approaches and frameworks that are adopted to understand and analyze economic development processes at different geographic scales.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'ME', '001852', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Continua', 'Mathematical preliminaries; co-ordinate transformations, introduction to tensors, tensor fields and transformations, integral theorems, analysis of deformation; deformation tensors and rates of deformation tensors and their mechanical significance, convecting and rotating axes. Analysis of stress; definition of stresses and their physical significance, rates of stresses, objective stress rates. Constitutive equations for elasticity and plasticity (Prandtl-Reuss). Hardening laws and material rate sensitivity. Anisotrophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'ME', '001855', 'GRD', 'Fracture Mechanics', 'Linear elastic, elastic-plastic and fully plastic approaches to the analysis of cracked components. Calculation and measurement of fracture mechanics parameters - Charpy, strain energy release rate, stress intensity factor, crack tip opening displacement and J-integral - will be covered, including correlations between the various parameters and limitations on their use. Applications will include the analysis of sub-critical crack growth (fatigue) and design procedures, especially the failure assessment diagram approach.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'ME', '001858', 'GRD', 'Mechanical Metallurgy', 'Elastic, anelastic and plastic properties of single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates. Relationship between single crystal and polycrystalline deformation. Dislocation theory applied to deformation processes at high and low temperatures. Microscopic aspects of ductile and brittle fracture.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'ME', '001859', 'GRD', 'Autonomous Mobile Robotics', 'This course presents the fundamentals of Autonomous Mobile Robotics, including both perception and planning for autonomous operation. Topics in Perception include sensor modeling, vehicle state estimation using Bayes Filters, Kalman Filters, and Particle Filters, and simultaneous localization and mapping. Topics in Planning include vehicle motion modeling and control, reactive, graph based and optimal motion planning. An emphasis on examples from recent research in the area pervades the course content. The course requires background knowledge in state space modeling, linear algebra, probability theory and optimization theory.', 'Antireq: ME 597 Topic 1', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('645', 'ME', '001861', 'GRD', 'Metallurgy and Plasticity in Metalworking', 'The interaction of material properties and process variables in plastic deformation processes. Phenomena of hot, warm and cold working. Thermo-mechanical processing. Flow stress and workability. Effects of hydrostatic pressure. Analysis of stress and strain state in forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing and sheet metalworking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('648', 'ME', '001862', 'GRD', 'Surface Modelling in Machining', 'This course presents the principles behind the mathematical representation of surfaces in ways that are suitable for computers, together with the application of such representations to computer-controlled machining processes. The Bezier, B-spline and NURBS representations are all covered, as are important surface properties, like curvature, shortest-distance algorithms, ray-intersection, surface sub-division, knot insertion, and degree elevation. Machining aspects covered are three-, four- and five-axis methods, anti-gouging methods and anti-interference checking.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('649', 'ME', '001863', 'GRD', 'Control of Machines and Processes', 'The concepts of computer-aided manufacturing, microcomputer systems and interfacing techniques for industrial applications. Conversion techniques, timing considerations, thermal and optical sensing, interpolation methods for control of drive systems and programmable controllers are representative of the topics presented. Hardware and software design of real time microcomputer systems which are then implemented in the laboratory constitute a major portion of the course requirements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'ME', '001864', 'GRD', 'Heat Conduction', 'Steady and transient heat conduction in isotropic media. Review of fundamental principles of heat conduction and boundary conditions. Introduction to the concept of thermal resistance of systems and of thermal constriction resistance. Derivation of gradient, divergence, Laplacian, conduction equation, boundary conditions and thermal resistance in general orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates. Solutions of conduction equations in several co-ordinate systems. Introduction to finite difference and finite element formulations of the conduction equation in curvilinear co-ordinates.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'ME', '001865', 'GRD', 'Convective Heat Transfer', 'Derivation of the general energy equation. Parameters required for determination of heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flows. Fully numerical solutions, exact solutions, and approximate solutions for internal and external flows. Problems involving frictional heating, property variations and mass injection at the wall will be considered. If interest is indicated, special topics such as heat transfer by boiling, condensation and evaporation will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('653', 'ME', '001866', 'GRD', 'Radiation Heat Transfer', 'Blackbody radiation; properties of surfaces; heat exchange between black, isothermal surfaces; heat exchange in an enclosure composed of diffuse-gray surfaces; radiation in the presence of other modes of heat transfer; radiation in absorbing-emitting media; heat exchange in enclosures containing absorbing-emitting gases; flames, luminous flames and particle radiation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'ME', '001868', 'GRD', 'Advanced Fluid Mechanics', 'Cartesian tensor forms of basic equations; vorticity; Reynolds number effects; ideal, irrotational flow, some exact viscous solutions. Selection of topics from: boundary layer theory with heat and mass transfer; slow viscous flows and lubrication; hydrodynamic stability of laminar flows; special topics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('664', 'ME', '001869', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Flow', 'Stochastic concepts, averages, correlation coefficients, auto-correlation functions, spectra. Space and time scales of turbulent fluctuations, energy dissipation in turbulence. Correlation and spectral tensors in three dimensions, isotropic forms. Equations of motion, spectral equation for isotropic turbulence. Universal equilibrium theory, the Kolmogoroff spectrum. Turbulence transport modelling for engineering calculation of turbulent shear flows.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('670', 'ME', '001870', 'GRD', 'Atmospheric Dynamics', 'Hydrodynamic equations of motion on a rotating axis. Geostropic balance in the atmosphere and oceans, vertical variation of wind and pressure fields in the atmosphere, mechanisms of pressure change, vorticity equation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'ME', '001873', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Tribology', 'Various courses dealing with selected aspects of friction, lubrication and wear, including contact phenomena, lubricant behaviour under concentrated contact conditions, and lubrication in special environments. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'ME', '001874', 'GRD', 'Advanced Tribology', 'Mechanical engineering aspects of tribology are emphasized. Topics include the fundamentals of fluid film lubrication and contact mechanics. These fundamentals are applied to model friction, surface temperatures, boundary lubrication, mixed film lubrication, elastohydrodynamic lubrication and wear. Specific applications may be presented, if time permits. ME 423 is a recommended but not an essential prerequisite.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'ME', '001875', 'GRD', 'Control Engineering and Mechanical Systems', 'This course is aimed at applications of control to Mechanical Systems. Course contents: Review of Control; Poles and zeros, Transfer functions, Time Reponse, Actuators, Electrical Systems, PID Control, designing controllers with root locus, state space representations, phase planes, stability concepts, frequency Response. Applications to Mechanical systems: Robots, Hydraulic systems, Active Vibration Control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'ME', '001876', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Control Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('711', 'ME', '001877', 'GRD', 'Non-Linear Vibrations', 'Review of linear systems; free and forced vibrations; conservation systems; general autonomous systems; equilibrium and periodic solutions, linearization and Lyapunov stability criteria; Poincare-Bendixon theorem; quantitative analysis of weakly nonlinear systems in free and forced vibrations using perturbation methods; bifurcations and chaos in dynamical systems. This course will use computer programs (such as MAPLE and MATLAB) for simulation and analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('722', 'ME', '001879', 'GRD', 'Topics in Pressure Vessel Design', 'Design and analysis of pressure vessels, safety considerations and interpretation of pressure vessel codes. Fatigue and fracture modes of failure. Intersecting vessels and connections. Computer techniques of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('725', 'ME', '001883', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Advanced Stress Analysis', 'Various courses dealing with advanced topics in stress analysis such as finite element and other computational techniques, variational approaches, continuum mechanics, plasticity, contact and dynamic stresses. Subject to approval of instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'ME', '001888', 'GRD', 'Corrosion and Oxidation', 'Electrochemical reactions and equilibria in ionic systems. Electrode kinetics and rates of corrosion. Modes of corrosive attack including stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement. Corrosion prevention through materials selection, design, cathodic and anodic protection and coatings. Mechanisms and kinetics of high temperature oxidation. Selection of high temperature materials for maximum service lives. Discussion of technologically important material-environment combinations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('734', 'ME', '001889', 'GRD', 'Mechanics of Composite Materials', 'Mechanics of advanced fiber-reinforced composite materials, including continuous fiber, discontinuous fiber, and laminates. Review of reinforcing fiber and matrix properties, and mechanics of anisotropic material. Micromechanics concepts will be covered for material property and strength evaluation of lamina. Governing equations for classical lamination theory will be derived and applied, and extended for analysis of laminated plates. Includes advanced topics such as progressive failure, damage mechanics, fracture and energy absorbing characteristics, as well as fatigue of laminated structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('735', 'ME', '001890', 'GRD', 'Special Topics - Welding and Joining', 'Discussion of selected current topics in materials science and engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('736', 'ME', '001891', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mechanical Metallurgy', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('737', 'ME', '001892', 'GRD', 'Microstructural Engineering Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('738', 'ME', '001893', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Materials', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('739', 'ME', '001894', 'GRD', 'Manufacturing Processes Topics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('742', 'ME', '001895', 'GRD', 'Modelling and Control of Dynamic Systems', 'Review of classical system modelling. Introducing bondgraphs as a unified approach in modelling of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid dynamic systems. Application of bondgraphs to multibody dynamics. State space representation and response of linear systems. Review of classical linear control theory. Introduction to modern control theory and study system characteristics: controllability, observability and stability.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('743', 'ME', '001896', 'GRD', 'Modal Analysis and Modelling', 'Computer-aided engineering complements CAD/CAM by helping the engineer design not only individual components, but also design and analyse total systems. This course deals with the area of advanced vibration analysis and modelling using a combination of data acquisition and software analysis methods. This modal analysis approach to design uses several software packages. Topics discussed are the theory of modal analysis, parameter estimation and error assessment, computer modelling of structures, practical aspects of good data collection and manipulation. The course involves significant laboratory usage.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'ME', '001898', 'GRD', 'Quality Assurance and Reliability in Manufacturing', 'Building quality in manufacturing processes and products through statistical design of experiments. Reliability engineering and the association with quality. Reliability models of systems. Maintainability, and fault free analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'ME', '001901', 'GRD', 'Topics in Manufacturing', 'Various courses dealing with recent advances in manufacturing systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('748', 'ME', '001902', 'GRD', 'Topics in Surface Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'ME', '001903', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Machining', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'ME', '001904', 'GRD', 'Solar Energy', 'Terrestrial and extra-terrestrial solar radiation; radiative and optical properties of materials; basic and advanced flat plate solar thermal converters, focussing converters, solar-electric converters, solar photovoltaic cells, thermal storage; applications to building heating and cooling systems, industrial heat and central electric plants. (Also offered Online)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('755', 'ME', '001906', 'GRD', 'Advanced Differential Equations and Special Functions', 'General linear second order ordinary differential equations. Hypergeometric functions, confluent hypergeometric functions. Legendre and Bessel functions. Orthogonality, generating functions, asymptotic expansions, integral relations. Hermite, Legendre, Laquerre and other orthogonal polynomials. Advanced Fourier series; Laplace, Fourier and other integral transforms. Problems from several areas of engineering.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('758', 'ME', '001907', 'GRD', 'Thermal Contact Resistance', 'Theory and application of thermal contact resistance. Parameters influencing contact resistance. Metrology of machined surfaces and their geometric interaction. Mechanical interaction of machined surfaces. Review of elasticity and plasticity theories. Discussion of modified Hertzian theory, including the effect of surface roughness. Thermal constriction resistance theories of circular, rectangular, elliptic, linear strip and annular strip contact areas. Theory of heat flux tubes. Superposition of microscopic and macroscopic resistance. Contacts in vacuum. Effect of interstitial fluids. Effect of metallic and non-metallic substances. Application of theory to industrial problems and well-defined systems such as bearings and powder substances.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('759', 'ME', '001908', 'GRD', 'Advanced Experimental Methods in Thermal and Fluids Engineering', 'Design of experiments, error analysis, thermometry, flow visualization, anemometry, barometry, gas chromatography, radiation spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, photography and thermal radiation flux measurement. Application of these methods to measurements in reacting and non-reacting fluids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'ME', '001909', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Thermal Engineering', '', 'Antireq: ME 571', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'ME', '001910', 'GRD', 'Fluid Dynamic Design of Turbomachines', 'Basic equations in stationary and rotating coordinate systems, forms suitable for axial flow and centrifugal flow machinery. Analysis and experimental characteristics of two-dimensional cascades, analysis of circular cascades. Effects of turbulence. Axisymmetric and general three-dimensional flows in diffusers, inlets, volutes and blade passages.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('762', 'ME', '001911', 'GRD', 'Turbulent Diffusion in the Natural Environment', 'Statistical quantities of interest in turbulent diffusion; Eulerian and Lagrangian probability distributions, averages, correlations, spectra. Specific prediction models for atmospheric and oceanic mixing processes, diffusion in a homogeneous field in a boundary layer. Effects of density stratification, buoyant movements.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'ME', '001912', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Numerical Methods, Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer', 'Various courses dealing with numerical methods of predicting the fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical reaction in engineering equipment, in the human body, and in the environment. The methods usually involve the solution of partial differential equations of the parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic type.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'ME', '001915', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Mechatronics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'MSCI', '001925', 'GRD', 'Research Methods in the Management Sciences', 'This course focuses on methods used in empirical research in the management sciences. It encompasses: stages in the research process, theory building, problem definition, research strategies and designs, measurement issues, sampling, ethical concerns, data analysis, and the communication of research results. These issues will be examined in published research and student proposals. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'MSCI', '001926', 'GRD', 'Strategic Management of Technological Innovation', 'This course includes: integrating technology and business strategy; design and evolution of technology strategy; development of the firm''s innovative capabilities; creating and implementing systems for innovation; innovation challenges in established firms. In addition to a textbook, cases are used to add realism and context to this course. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'MSCI', '001927', 'GRD', 'Principles of Operations Research', 'This course surveys a spectrum of models and techniques in Operations Research, with emphasis on applications. It focuses on the development of modeling skills, the interpretation of results, sensitivity analysis and computer implementations of decision support systems. Topics include linear, integer and network optimization models. Simulation analysis and other topics in stochastic processes may also be covered. The use of quantitative models in different levels of the decision making hierarchy are illustrated through case studies and readings from the Management Sciences literature. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Antireq:MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('605', 'MSCI', '001929', 'GRD', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('620', 'MSCI', '001934', 'GRD', 'Organizations & Technical Systems', 'This research seminar concentrates on a macro view of organizations as dynamic systems. It emphasizes the principles of effective management of organizations and technology. Further, the course examines the conceptual foundations of organizational theory and design. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 605', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'MSCI', '001936', 'GRD', 'Human Computer Interaction', 'This course concentrates on the theoretical and practical issues related to the design of the human-computer interfaces. Aspects of human perception, cognition and various models of task analysis are discussed. Further, the course examines the principles of interface design and the related empirical evidence. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students', 'Prereq: MSCI 605. Antireq MSCI 730,CS 649', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'MSCI', '001937', 'GRD', 'Probabilistic Models in Operations Research', 'The goal of this course is to enable students to think probabilistically. The modelling and analysis of uncertain systems in operations research is emphasized. Tools include renewal theory, Markov processes and queuing analysis, while application areas include production and inventory control, health-management, transportation, and other problems in probabilistic operations research. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'MSCI', '001938', 'GRD', 'Discrete Event Simulation', 'This course provides an introduction to Discrete Event Simulation. Topics covered include applications of discrete event simulation, simulation languages, data collection and input analysis, random number generation, validation, output analysis for a single system, comparison of several systems, variance reduction techniques and experimental design. Through a project, students will acquire the skills necessary to define a problem, develop and validate a conceptual and computer model, analyse the problem, and make recommendations. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'MSCI', '001939', 'GRD', 'Production and Inventory Management', 'The course emphasizes inventory control models with deterministic and stochastic demand, and supply chain management. Other areas which might be addressed are aggregate planning, machine scheduling, material requirements planning, and multi-echelon production and distribution systems. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('646', 'MSCI', '001950', 'GRD', 'Database Management Systems', 'The course is concerned with the design, management and use of databases. The course combines theoretical foundations of database organization and database design methodologies with the practical aspects of developing, implementing and managing databases. Some topics include: relational database design, entity modelling, SQL, and comparison of different types of databases.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'MSCI', '001957', 'GRD', 'Linear Programming and Extensions', 'Introduction to selected applications of LP. The simplex method. Duality and sensitivity analysis. Computer solutions to LP. Network flow problems with applications and algorithms. Special topics such as revised simplex method, primal-dual method, decomposition principle, generalized upperbounding and ellipsoid methods. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('703', 'MSCI', '001958', 'GRD', 'Applied Optimization', 'The course focuses on the modeling and solution of practical optimization problems. It covers formulations based on integer and nonlinear optimization, solution approaches based on large-scale optimization, and algorithmic design and implementation. Topics include set covering formulations, Lagrangean relaxation, Benders decomposition, column generation, branch-and-price, nonlinear programming, and metaheuristics. Possible applications areas include bin packing, routing, scheduling, and logistics planning. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'MSCI', '001960', 'GRD', 'Logistics and Supply Chain Management', 'Modern supply chain management encompasses the logistics of inventory and transportation flows, whether within a given organization or between that firm and other companies (suppliers, customers) that are part of its business. This course thus deal with models and analyses of the inbound transportation of raw materials, manufactured components and sub-assemblies. Another emphasis is the (outbound) physical distribution of finished goods from factory to consumer: freight transportation (various modes, customer service, multi-location inventory management and distribution-centre site selection. Specialized topics (for term projects) may be chosen from among Logistics Information Systems; Global Supply Chain Management; Vehicle Routing; or the Logistics of e-Commerce. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'MSCI', '001963', 'GRD', 'Decision Analysis Under Uncertainty', 'The course goal is to understand, model and improve decision making under uncertainty and complexity. Bayesian principles and expected utility theory are combined, their underlying assumptions critically reviewed, and alternative theories surveyed. Other issues addressed include decision with multiple attributes. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('718', 'MSCI', '001969', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Data Analytics', 'The objective of this course is to develop skills with a range of procedures and programs for multivariate data analysis. The focus will be on practical issues such as selecting the appropriate analysis, preparing data for analysis, menu-driven and syntax programming, interpreting output, and presenting results of a complex nature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'MSCI', '001970', 'GRD', 'Operations Analytics', 'This course covers predictive analytics that provides techniques to model the relationships between inputs and outcomes, and construct predictions about future outcomes, and prescriptive analytics that provides tools to optimize actions against a complex set of objectives to find best practices and design best policies under all circumstances. The theoretical techniques will be applied to such chains, service industries, healthcare systems, revenue management, inventory management, and sports.', 'Prereq: MSCI 603 or MSCI 634', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('741', 'MSCI', '001986', 'GRD', 'Economics of Technological Change', 'This is an applied course in industrial organization economics. It deals with productivity, the relationship between productivity and technological change, the determinants to firms'' investments in research, development and innovation, the diffusion of innovations, entrepreneurship, and technology policy. Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', 'Prereq: MSCI 607', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'MSCI', '001991', 'GRD', 'Topics in Organizational Analysis and Behaviour', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('753', 'MSCI', '001995', 'GRD', 'Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship: Managing New Technology-based Firms', 'An overview of the process of initiating startups, spin-outs or new ventures within an existing company. Ventures based on new technologies are a focus. Topics include extrpreneurship and organizational culture, opportunity identification and assessment, business plans and new venture diagnostics, protecting intellectual property, finance, marketing and the entrpreneurial team.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'MSCI', '001999', 'GRD', 'Topics in Other Areas of Management Sciences', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'MSCI', '002006', 'GRD', 'Special Directed Readings', 'Priority may be given to Management Sciences students.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('606', 'OPTOM', '002036', 'GRD', 'Radiation and the Visual Stimulus', 'Measurement and specification of light; radiometric and photometric relationships; spectrophotometry and the C.I.E. colorimetric specification of visual stimuli; radiation limits of the visual system. Radiation hazards and safety criteria.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('607', 'OPTOM', '002037', 'GRD', 'Neurophysiology of Vision', 'An advanced course which examines photoreceptor function, the retina, the neural processing of form and colour by the geniculo-striate system, the neural control of eye movements and accommodation by midbrain and brainstem structures, the vestibular system as it relates to vision, eye-hand co-ordination, the neural processing involved in reading.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('608', 'OPTOM', '002038', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangements with the faculty member, the student and his or her committee.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614A', 'OPTOM', '002068', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 1-MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614B', 'OPTOM', '002069', 'GRD', 'Clinical Optometry Part 2 - MSc', 'Attendance within clinical areas agreed upon by the student, supervisor and Clinic Director and approved by the Clinic Director. The aim of the course is to broaden and develop advanced clinical skills and knowledge. Credit will be given for completion of each term of clinical activity (or its equivalent) and the presentation of one seminar (case report) a term. Credit towards a degree may only be earned once in the progression through the MSc degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('628', 'OPTOM', '002072', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Vision Science', 'Topics in the fields of specialization of the faculty may be studied by special arrangement with the faculty member and the student''s committee. The course is designed for PhD students only. The course cannot be similar in content to 608 taken at the Master''s level.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'PHIL', '002148', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in Applied Philosophy.These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 673, Graduate Courses in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 675 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems. These courses are often held in conjunction with 400 level philosophy courses, through of course the work requirements for graduate students are more stringent. Students must pay attention to the restriction on the number of these courses they are allowed to count toward their degree.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('676', 'PHIL', '002157', 'GRD', 'Graduate Courses in Applied Philosophy', 'Graduate level courses covering specialized topics in the department''s field of research concentration. These courses are often held in conjunction with PHIL 674, Graduate Course in Philosophy; the course requirements in PHIL 676 will involve application of philosophical methods and theories to practical problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('699', 'PHIL', '002190', 'GRD', 'Applied Research Placement Tutorial', 'Students in the Applied Philosophy program enroll in this tutorial in conjunction with a placement at a host organization. The Applied Research Placement will prepare the student to make a research contribution on a specific philosophical topic and to make an applied contribution outside of philosophy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'PHYS', '002192', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 1', 'Review of formalism of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics including symmetries and invariance. Approximation methods and scattering theory. Elementary quantum theory of radiation. Introduction to one-particle relativistic wave equations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('702', 'PHYS', '002193', 'GRD', 'Quantum Mechanics 2', 'Concepts of relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary quantum field theory, and Feynman diagrams. Application to many particle systems. Students who have not taken PHYS 701 but have an equivalent background in Quantum Mechanics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 701 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704', 'PHYS', '002195', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 1', 'Statistical basis of thermodynamics; microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles; quantum statistical mechanics, theory of the density matrix; fluctuations, noise, irreversible thermodynamics; transport theory; application to gases, liquids, solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('705', 'PHYS', '002196', 'GRD', 'Statistical Physics 2', 'Phase transitions. Fluctuation phenomena. Kubo''s theory of time correlation functions for transport and spectral properties; applications selected from a variety of topics including linearized hydrodynamics of normal and superfluids, molecular liquids, liquid crystals, surface phenomena, theory of the dielectric constant, etc. Students who have not taken PHYS 704 but have an equivalent background in Statistical Physics may seek the instructor''s consent to register in this course.', 'Prereq: PHYS 704 or consent of instructor', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('706', 'PHYS', '002197', 'GRD', 'Electromagnetic Theory', 'Maxwell''s equations and conservation laws; accelerated point charges and electromagnetic radiation; multipole expansions; electromagnetism and special relativity; selected applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PHYS', '002198', 'GRD', 'Applications of Group Theory', 'Introduction to group theory; symmetry, the group concept, representation theory, character theory. Applications to molecular vibrations, the solid state, quantum mechanics and crystal field theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'PHYS', '002199', 'GRD', 'Green''s Function Method', 'Review of essential quantum field theory. Zero and finite temperature Green''s functions. Applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PHYS', '002200', 'GRD', 'Atomic Physics', 'Emphasis on atomic structure and spectroscopy. Review of angular momentum, rotations, Wigner-Eckart theorem, n-j symbols. Energy levels in complex atoms, Hartree-Fock theory, radiative transitions and inner shell processes. Further topics selected with class interest in mind, at least one of which to be taken from current literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'PHYS', '002202', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('713', 'PHYS', '002203', 'GRD', 'Molecular Physics', 'Angular momentum and the rotation of molecules; introduction to group theory with application to molecular vibrations; principles of molecular spectroscopy; spectra of isolated molecules; intermolecular interactions and their effects on molecular spectra; selected additional topics (e.g., electronic structure of molecules, experimental spectroscopic techniques, neutron scattering, correlation functions, collision induced absorption, extension of group theory to molecular crystals, normal coordinate analysis, etc.).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('717', 'PHYS', '002204', 'GRD', 'Intermediate and High Energy Physics', 'Strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. Isospin, strangeness, conservation laws and symmetry principles. Leptons, hadrons, quarks and their classification, formation, interactions and decay.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PHYS', '002206', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 1', 'Phonons, electron states, electron-electron interaction, electron-ion interaction, static properties of solids.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('732', 'PHYS', '002207', 'GRD', 'Solid State Physics 2', 'Transport properties; optical properties; magnetism; superconductivity; disordered systems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('733', 'PHYS', '002208', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('745', 'PHYS', '002215', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('749', 'PHYS', '002218', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Experimental Physics', 'Offered on demand. Course content depends on topic and instructor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'PHYS', '002219', 'GRD', 'Clinical Applications of Physics in Medicine', 'This course provides an overview of the application of physics to medicine. The physical concepts underlying the diagnosis and treatment of disease will be explored. Topics will include general imaging principles such as resolution, intensity and contrast; x-ray imaging and computed tomography; radioisotopes and nuclear medicine, SPECT and PET; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasound imaging and radiation therapy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('752', 'PHYS', '002220', 'GRD', 'Molecular Biophysics', 'Physical methods of determining macromolecular structure: energetics, intramolecular and intermolecular forces, with applications to lamellar structures, information storage, DNA and RNA, recognition and rejection of foreign molecules.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('754', 'PHYS', '002222', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('757', 'PHYS', '002224', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Biophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('771', 'PHYS', '002227', 'GRD', 'Special Lecture and Reading Course', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PHYS', '002228', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Physics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PHYS', '002230', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Astrophysics', 'Multi-wavelength astronomy: radio, infrared, optical and x-ray observations. Radiative Processes: macroscopic description, thermal and non-thermal emission, scattering, line transitions and plasma effects. Gravitational Dynamics: potential and orbits, self-gravitating systems, the Collisionless Boltzmann Equation, gravitational encounters. Fluid Mechanics: simple fluids, soundwaves and shocks, instabilities and transport mechanisms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('787', 'PHYS', '002232', 'GRD', 'Cosmology', 'Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric and dynamics; big bang thermodynamics; nucleosynthesis; recombination; perturbation theory and structure formation; anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background; statistics of cosmological density and velocity fields; galaxy formation; inflation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('788', 'PHYS', '002233', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'PHYS', '002234', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Astrophysics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('601', 'PLAN', '002238', 'GRD', 'Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include: tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices.', 'Antireq: PLAN 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('614', 'PLAN', '002242', 'GRD', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine the redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a fee component. (Field trip will not exceed $60.)', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'PLAN', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('619', 'GEOG', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'ECDEV', '002245', 'GRD', 'Analytical Tools for Economic Development', 'The course provides an overview and hands-on application of the quantitative analytical methods regularly used by professionals in economic development and related fields. Emerging analytical tools and techniques are explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PLAN', '002247', 'GRD', 'Social Concepts in Planning', 'An advanced examination of planners in their environment considering the relationship between social and land use planning. The course will examine a set of social concepts which may include: safety, gentrification, neighbourhood revitalization, social mix, community, displacement, participation, social capital, social sustainability, accessibility, public space, urban sprawl and social cohesion.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PLAN', '002249', 'GRD', 'Methods of Social Investigation for Planners', 'Selected research approaches and methods used in planning research and practice including, for example, survey research, field research, participatory research; methods using existing data; needs assessment research. The purposes of social inquiry, the development of theories, the use of research in policy-making, and the ethical issues associated with social research provide the context for discussing the details of research methods. A course for those with some research skills and wishing to pursue planning-related methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PLAN', '002251', 'GRD', 'Planning Law', 'A seminar in Planning Law using the case study approach. Although the emphasis is primarily on the law in Ontario, reference is made to planning law in other provinces for purposes of comparison. Planning issues dealt with by the Ontario Municipal Board are used to illustrate the power to regulate the use of land, the law relating to citizen participation, problems of non-conforming uses, and the maintenance of environmental quality in neighbourhoods and communities. Some general familiarity with law is desirable, but not essential. Estimated additional cost to student: $40.00', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'PLAN', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661A', 'GEOG', '002264', 'GRD', 'Applied Studies in Hydrology and the Environment 1', 'This applied hydrology course involves defining, designing and conducting research on the hydrology and/or water quality of a specific environmental setting. Drawing on strengths and interests of students, the field and laboratory activities in this course typically involve collection, analysis and reporting of primary data. The Fall-term (661A) focuses on literature review, problem definition, methodological design and data collection; the Winter-term (661B) includes analysis, interpretation and write-up suitable for publication in a refereed journal. Group work is typically involved. *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PLAN', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'GEOG', '002269', 'GRD', 'Environmental Planning Theory and Practice', 'An interdisciplinary approach to environmental planning. Focuses on the socio-economic, planning, environmental science, design, and decision-making theories and methods utilized in environmental planning theory and practice. Regional and local case studies and studio projects will be used to demonstrate professional practice issues and techniques. Recommended: A senior level course in ecology, environmental science, landscape architecture or equivalent. *eligible for MES.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'PLAN', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('666', 'GEOG', '002270', 'GRD', 'Ecosystem Approach to Park Planning', 'An ecological approach to planning national and provincial parks, focusing on system planning, master planning and park administration. Examination of the theory and practice of parks planning, utilizing ecological concepts. Recommended: a senior undergrad or graduate ecology course. Estimated additional field trip cost to student: $30.00 *eligible for MES', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'PLAN', '002307', 'GRD', 'Planning Paradigms and Theory', 'Historical background and development of planning including cultural, philosophical and disciplinary roots; planning theory and its applications in urban, regional, service and environmental areas.', 'Prereq: Planning Graduate Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'PLAN', '002308', 'GRD', 'Research Design', 'The major philosophical and methodological approaches to research in a professional field of practice and related academic fields.', 'Planning Grad Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PLAN', '002317', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Planning Scholarship', 'Introductory examination of Planning as a discipline, scholarly endeavor and professional field. Students will learn about and evaluate the evolution of planning scholarship, planning practice and their integration in diverse contexts. Professional development topics will include journal writing and review, grant applications, consulting, professional writing, professional ethics, and knowledge mobilization.', 'Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('802', 'PLAN', '002320', 'GRD', 'Advanced Planning Theory', 'An advanced examination of planning theory. This course offers students an in-depth look at canonical works and recent developments in planning theory and their connections to practice. Students will also consider the influence of various strands of social theory and philosophy of science on planning thought. Underlying epistemologies and ontologies will be discussed.', 'Prereq: PLAN 801 and Planning PhD students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PMATH', '002339', 'GRD', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed; making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Antireq: PMATH 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('641', 'PMATH', '002341', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Antireq: PMATH 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('651', 'PMATH', '002346', 'GRD', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, LP spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Antireq: PMATH 451', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PMATH', '002347', 'GRD', 'Topics in Complex Analysis', 'The Riemann mapping theorem and several topics such as analytic continuation, harmonic functions, elliptic functions, entire functions, univalent functions, special functions. Students without the required prerequisite may seek consent of the department.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352 or consent of department.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('665', 'PMATH', '002349', 'GRD', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Antireq: PMATH 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('667', 'PMATH', '002350', 'GRD', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Antireq: PMATH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('690', 'PMATH', '002351', 'GRD', 'Literature and Research Studies', 'Reading Course', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('863', 'PMATH', '002391', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Lie Groups and Lie Algebras', 'An introduction to matrix Lie groups and their associated Lie algebras: geometry of matrix Lie groups; relations between a matrix Lie group and its Lie algebra; representation theory of matrix Lie groups.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'PMATH', '002392', 'GRD', 'Introduction to Algebraic Geometry', 'An introduction to algebraic geometry through the theory of algebraic curves. General algebraic geometry: affine and projective algebraic sets, Hilbert''s Nullstellensatz, co-ordinate rings, polynomial maps, rational functions and local rings. Algebraic curves: affine and projective plane curves, tangency and multiplicity, intersection numbers, Bezout''s theorem and divisor class groups.', 'Antireq: PMATH 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSCI', '002420', 'GRD', 'Political Theory 1', 'Problems in classical and contemporary political theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('623', 'PSCI', '002422', 'GRD', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'An examination of the justification and limitations of democratic government, as well as more practical applications of democratic theory to the workplace, judicial review, legal obligations, etc. The focus will be on problems of democratic theory and practice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('624', 'PSCI', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('660', 'PACS', '002423', 'GRD', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. One would expect that they would be of particular interest to feminist theory, which is also concerned with the distribution of these goods. This course will consider how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women. The issues of equality and difference will also be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'PSCI', '002424', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Political Theory', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630A', 'PSCI', '002428', 'GRD', 'Public Administration and Policy 1', 'An in-depth analysis of selected theories of public administration and public policy (e.g.) organization, behaviour, motivation, responsibility, policy making and implementation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'PSCI', '002430', 'GRD', 'The State and Economic Life', 'An analytical and comparative study of the growth of government intervention in the economic process, and of the development of the welfare state in selected western liberal-democratic societies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSCI', '002431', 'GRD', 'The Politics of Canadian Resource Development', 'An examination of various public policies designed to promote the exploitation and export of Canada''s natural resources with an emphasis on the economic, political, social and environmental implications of these developmental strategies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PSCI', '002432', 'GRD', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'In this course, we examine some of the conceptual frameworks that have been used by policy analysts in the past, in order to assess the possibilities as well as the limitations of such frameworks. We then develop our own approaches to examining some recent policy developments in Canada, using the insights of the authors we have examined. We will examine federal economic policy, provincial health policy, and municipal zoning policies, in order to assess (among other factors) the relative significance of policy focus, the situation of the policy-makers in the political system and ideological preferences.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PSCI', '002433', 'GRD', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'A comparative survey of public administration in both developed and developing areas. The focus is on the rise of the administrative state in a variety of cultural and political contexts, and on the study of general concepts which can then be applied in a variety of settings. Among the topics to be discussed are: comparison in the study of public administration; bureaucracy as a focus for comparison; the concept of the administrative state; the evolution of national administrative systems; the politics-administration interface and the senior civil service; bureaucracy and democracy; representative bureaucracy; bureaucratic ethics and morality; and the ombudsman and government secrecy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'PSCI', '002434', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in Public Policy and Administration', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSCI', '002440', 'GRD', 'Approaches to the Study of Comparative Politics', 'This course focuses on some of the methodological and theoretical problems involved in the conduct of comparative political inquiry.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'PSCI', '002442', 'GRD', 'Advanced Topics in Third World Politics and Development II', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('655', 'PSCI', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PACS', '002445', 'GRD', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution I', 'This course examines the causes of ethnic conflict but focuses in particular on the strategies which states use to manage or resolve such conflicts. The review of state strategies is comprehensive in nature, and includes approaches which are morally unacceptable as well as approaches which many consider morally desirable.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('657', 'PSCI', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'GGOV', '002447', 'GRD', 'International Organizations and Global Governance', 'This course serves as a survey of the international relations (IR) subfield of international organizations (IO) but focuses principally on formal, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). We examine the growing literature on international organizations and discuss their impact on global governance, considering their formation, design, relevance, impact and agency. We apply this knowledge to the study of several highly institutionalized issue areas.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('658', 'PSCI', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'GGOV', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('633', 'PACS', '002448', 'GRD', 'Human Rights in the Globalized World', 'The course is a study of international and local responses to human rights abuses in the contexts of economic globalization and proliferation of armed violence. It examines major debates on international human rights. It also deals with specific human rights situations in the developing/transitional countries. Topics include: universalism and cultural relativism, global economic justice, rights to food and health, women''s and children''s rights, the rights of displaced civilians, human rights and R2P, prospects for transitional justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('661', 'PSCI', '002450', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Institutions', 'This course examines the structure and operation of central institutions in government, including dominant theories and approaches to their study. Topics may include the constitution, Parliament, the executive, courts, federalism and intergovernmental relations, political parties, provincial and municipal governance, and the bureaucracy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('662', 'PSCI', '002451', 'GRD', 'Canadian Political Process', 'This course examines the political process and societal cleavages in Canada, with a focus on new directions and debates in research. Topics may include elections and voting behaviour, social policy, gender, regionalism and nationalism, Indigenous politics, political culture, interest groups and social movements, and rights.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('668', 'PSCI', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('613', 'GGOV', '002454', 'GRD', 'The Politics of National Innovation Systems', 'This course examines the global effort to develop new economies built around the commercialization of science and technology. This class, while covering Canadian developments in some detail, examines the broad international, theoretical and conceptual questions surrounding national innovation strategies and implementations and considers the role of national cultures and political environments in promoting new economies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('671', 'PSCI', '002455', 'GRD', 'Women and Public Policy', 'Public policy in a variety of areas significant for women (including sport, employment equity, violence) sometimes fails to take into account women''s experiences and needs. In this course, we will review policy developments, and reflect on the significance of feminist perspectives for policy analysis. The course will focus on Canadian examples, with comparative material included where useful.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('678', 'PSCI', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'GGOV', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('634', 'PACS', '002461', 'GRD', 'Security Ontology-Theory', 'This is a seminar in the ontology of security. Security is a contested concept, and in this course we ask what it is and how best to pursue it. What do we mean by security? What are we trying to protect? From what? Why? How do we do it? We begin by considering the concept of security in the abstract, and we then proceed to explore various specific conceptions. Along the way we encounter both traditional and non-traditional approaches to security.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('683', 'PSCI', '002464', 'GRD', 'Topics in International Political Economy', 'Contemporary perspectives and issues in international political economy, with particular attention to advanced industrial countries. Topics include political/economic cooperation, the politics of trade, and the politics of adjustment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('685', 'PSCI', '002465', 'GRD', 'Directed Readings in International Politics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('687', 'PSCI', '002467', 'GRD', 'Explaining Interstate War', 'An examination of explanation of interstate war found in classic texts and current empirical studies. (Heldwith PSCI 481).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('688', 'PSCI', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('610', 'GGOV', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', 'Prereq: Global Governance Grad Students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('630', 'PACS', '002468', 'GRD', 'Governance of Global Economy', 'A survey of the theoretical and public policy debates relating to regulation of the global economy, examined through case studies ranging from international banking an intellectual property rights, to labour and environmental standards and the control of illicit economic activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'PSYCH', '002517', 'GRD', 'Advanced Clinical Research', 'Clinical students in all of the first four years of the graduate program are expected to enroll in this clinical research topics seminar that will meet weekly and continue throughout the fall and winter terms to discuss new and ongoing clinical research topics conducted by the students and faculty in the program. Topics will include research into personality study, psychopathology, various assessment and therapeutic efforts in clinical psychology. Special emphasis will be placed on research design and statistical analysis applicable to lab and clinical settings.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'PSYCH', '002539', 'GRD', 'Multiple Regression', 'Basic principles used in the design of experiments and the analysis of experimental data, with emphasis on multiple regression and complex analysis of variance techniques.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('650', 'PSYCH', '002572', 'GRD', 'Special Topics in Cognition and Perception', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677A', 'PSYCH', '002626', 'GRD', 'Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience', 'This survey course will be team-taught by members of the Cognitive Neuroscience Area and faculty from other departments within Neuroscience research programs, and will serve to introduce students to major subareas of ongoing cognitive neuroscience research at Waterloo. Topics can include (but are not restricted to) the neuroscience of vision, attention, memory, spatial navigation, face perception, somatosensory processing, locomotion, and multisensory integration. Students will also be exposed to the broad range of neuroscience methods ranging from cellular and psychological studies to behavioural and functional neuroimaging methods.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('679A', 'PSYCH', '002630', 'GRD', 'Clincial Neuropsych Practicum', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704A', 'PSYCH', '002719', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('704B', 'PSYCH', '002720', 'GRD', 'Social Psychology', 'Seminars dealing with theoretical issues and research findings in the area of social psychology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'PSYCH', '002724', 'GRD', 'Reasoning about Ownership of Property', 'Ownership of property is an important determinant of human behaviour. It is especially important in development because most of young children''s social conflicts concern the possession and use of objects and these conflicts often involve reasoning about ownership. This class will examine the development of reasoning about ownership. Although the main approach will be developmental, a multidisciplinary approach will be taken. Readings will include papers from other areas of psychology and from philosophy, anthropology, law, and ethology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('731', 'PSYCH', '002749', 'GRD', 'Emotion-Focused Therapy', 'The purpose of this course is to provide students with grounding in the theory and skills required to work effectively with emotions in psychotherapy. The course will begin with an overview of the role of emotions in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. Three major principles\nof change in EFT: Awareness, regulation, and restructuring of emotion will be examined and the principles of EFT to conceptualize and treat distress at the level of the individual, the dyad, and the family will be applied. Only students in the Clinical Psychology program are permitted to take this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('747', 'PSYCH', '002754', 'GRD', 'Cognition and Perception Seminar', 'This is a weekly seminar including both student and faculty presentations of current research and student proposals for MA or PhD work. The format of the seminars may vary from term to term depending on the availability of invited speakers, topics of interest to students and faculty, and the research of members of the group.', 'Prereq: PSYCH Grad Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'PSYCH', '002758', 'GRD', 'Basic Issues in Cognition', 'A seminar in which major methods and theoretical arguments in contemporary cognitive psychology will be examined through the reading and evaluation of significant papers of the past several decades.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'PSYCH', '002760', 'GRD', 'Auditory Processes and Speech Perception', 'A seminar dealing with primary auditory processes and the basics of speech perception. Topics may include cochlear mechanisms, loudness, pitch, auditory localization, central auditory mechanisms, the motor theory of speech, contemporary speech theory, and artificial speech.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'PSYCH', '002761', 'GRD', 'Psychophysics and Measurement', 'A seminar covering classical psychophysics and more recent psychophysical scaling techniques. Topics include theory and methods of classical psychophysics (Weber, Fechner), direct and indirect scaling, multidimensional scaling, and signal detection theory. Contextual effects and sequential effects may be included.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('775', 'PSYCH', '002763', 'GRD', 'Consciousness and Cognition', 'Investigation of the methods and theories concerning the distinction between conscious and unconscious representation of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'PSYCH', '002764', 'GRD', 'Problem Solving, Judgment and Decision-Making', 'A seminar on the cognitive processes involved in problem solving, judgment and decision making. Representative topics include reasoning, traditional and artificial intelligence approaches to problem solving, heuristics and biases in judgment, and theories of choice behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('777', 'PSYCH', '002765', 'GRD', 'Human Memory', 'A seminar considering various aspects of human memory. Topics may include long-term and short-term memory, memory codes, storage and retrieval processes, and theories of forgetting.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('778', 'PSYCH', '002766', 'GRD', 'Attention', 'A seminar dealing with aspects of attention in humans. The processes involved in selective attention and the various theories of attention will be considered. Additional topics may include a consideration of preattentive processes and the analysis of nonattended sensory input.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779', 'PSYCH', '002767', 'GRD', 'Language and Reading', 'A seminar considering various aspects of psycholinguistics and reading. Possible topics include single-word identification, theories of reading, and various aspects of contemporary psycholinguistic theory.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('779A', 'PSYCH', '002768', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuropsychology I', 'A seminar dealing with current research in human neuropsychology. Topics will include object agnosia, coloragnosia, prosopagnosia, and anosognosia, as well as other consequences of brain damage on human cognitive functions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('781', 'PSYCH', '002770', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory', 'Memory is intimately involved in most, if not all, domains of human cognition, from the ability to temporarily remember a phone number to the acquisition of language, to defining who we are. This course will consider the cognitive and neural organization of memory, the basis of remembering and forgetting, and the nature of false memories, with an emphasis on the consequences of brain changes associated with normal and pathological aging. Throughout, cognitive theory and behavioural evidence will be integrated with data from neuropsychology and functional brain imaging.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('783', 'PSYCH', '002772', 'GRD', 'Neuroimaging of Cognition', 'Students will learn fundamental aspects of various neuroimaging techniques as they relate to broad areas of cognition including vision, attention, language, memory and executive control.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('800', 'PSYCH', '002774', 'GRD', 'Psychometric Theory & Structural Equation Modeling', 'The first part of the course introduces classical test theory and test construction principles, and addresses issues in interpreting test scores. The second part covers exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The last part of the course examines important measurement issues that arise in the analysis of experimental and nonexperimental data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('801', 'PSYCH', '002775', 'GRD', 'Advanced Structural Equation Modeling', 'This course addresses contemporary advances in the areas of psychometric theory and structural equation modeling. Included are topics such as item response theory, nonlinear factor analysis, latent curve models and other longitudinal models, and models for analyzing dyadic data.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('836A', 'PSYCH', '002790', 'GRD', 'Advanced Practicum in Applied Psychology', 'Part-time supervised field work training in an applied setting. For on-campus students only. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('883', 'PSYCH', '002872', 'GRD', 'Organizational and Management Development', 'An introduction to the theories and techniques for improving organizational effectiveness. This course is open to students, with instructor consent, who have sufficient background in human resource management or organizational behaviour.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('886', 'PSYCH', '002890', 'GRD', 'Psychology of Training', 'Examines major topics and issues regarding the psychology of training in work organizations. Areas typically covered include task analysis, training objectives, curriculum development, instructional techniques, and training evaluation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('600', 'REC', '002892', 'GRD', 'Integrative Seminar in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'An examination and discussion of the definitions, concepts and theories used in recreation and leisure studies. The seminar seeks to identify and discuss current theories, methods, and issues, and to examine the concepts of professionalism and scientific inquiry as they apply to the field of recreation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('609', 'REC', '002898', 'GRD', 'Internship in Recreation Service', 'A structured experience in a specified community agency to provide the student with the opportunity to relate theory and practice. A minimum of 50 hours per term will be required. Approval of Faculty Supervisor and Field Supervisor; Faculty Supervisor to assign grade via final written report, in consultation with Field Supervisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('672', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', 'Prereq: REC 662 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('772', 'REC', '002904', 'GRD', 'Quantitative Research Data Analysis and Interpretation', 'Examines and applies a variety of statistical techniques used in the analysis of leisure research data. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation and implications of empirical research in the field. Note: An undergraduate statistics course and permission of the instructor is required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('673', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('773', 'REC', '002905', 'GRD', 'Designing Advanced Qualitative Inquiry', 'This course provides a scholarly environment for graduate students working on individual qualitative research projects. It builds on foundational knowledge of onto-epistemological perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methodologies explored in REC 663 by examining how these aspects inform and guide individual research designs. Students will be expected to spend considerable time working on research ethics, theoretical perspective, literature review, methodology, data collection techniques, analysis styles, and various forms of representation.', 'Prereq: REC 663 or equivalent', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('695', 'REC', '002908', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Recreation and Leisure Studies', 'Topic(s) to be negotiated on an individual or small group basis with members of the faculty.', 'REC Grad students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'REC', '002969', 'GRD', 'Foundations of Knowledge in Leisure Studies', 'An examination of the different paradigmatic perspective that influence the multidisciplinary field of Leisure Studies. The interrelationships among paradigms, theories, epistemologies, and methodologies are explored, with particular attention to their application to current research in the field. Graded on a Cr/NCr basis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('603', 'RUSS', '002998', 'GRD', 'Approaches to Language Didactics', 'Students become familiar with the theorectical foundations of language teaching methodologies and develop a deeper understanding of their own work as language instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('700', 'SOC', '003036', 'GRD', 'Sociological Theory', 'A critical overview of selected original writings of major sociological theorists from the 19th and 20th centuries (including, among others, Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Mead, Schutz, Wollstonecraft, Martineau, D. Smith, Giddens, and Habermas). Attention is paid throughout to issues in the philosophy of social science and sociology of knowledge.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('701', 'SOC', '003037', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Digital Media', 'An examination of the circuits of technology, creativity, and culture in new media industries, including qualitative work with start-ups and entrepreneurs.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('708', 'SOC', '003042', 'GRD', 'Contemporary Sociological Theory', 'This course provides an overview of major works of social thought in contemporary context.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('709', 'SOC', '003043', 'GRD', 'Selected Problems in Sociological Theory', 'Relation of sociological theory to specific problems of sociological analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SOC', '003044', 'GRD', 'Intermediate Social Statistics', 'Applied multiple regression/correlation, with emphasis on data processing/computing, model construction and interpretation and underlying statistical assumptions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('712', 'SOC', '003045', 'GRD', 'Elements of Social Research', 'The social science research process is examined within quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches.', 'Prereq: Sociology Graduate Students Only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('715', 'SOC', '003048', 'GRD', 'Mixed Methods Research', 'Strategies are introduced to design, implement and critically assess the appropriateness of mixed methods different designs integration, interpretation, logistics, benefits and the challenges involved in conducting mixed methods research.', 'Prereq: SOC 712', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('719', 'SOC', '003049', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Sociology', 'An instructor will teach in their area of specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SOC', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('638', 'PACS', '003050', 'GRD', 'Social Inequality', 'This course examines the dimensions, causes, and consequences of social inequality. Focus will vary by instructor specialization.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SOC', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'RS', '003051', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Religion', 'The course examines key substantive, theoretical and methodological issues of the sociology of religion through the detailed study of important classical and contemporary works in the field. Representative issues addressed are: the social and psychological nature and function of religious experience, the character of conversion processes, the social and political implications of religious ideologies and organizations, the status of religious beliefs and practices in an age of seeming secularization. Attention will be given to both western and non-western religious traditions as well as to both established and newer forms of religious life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('740', 'SOC', '003053', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Deviance', 'The seminar undertakes a critical examination of the major theoretical perspectives in the sociology of deviance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('751', 'SOC', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('602', 'WS', '003056', 'GRD', 'Theories of Gender Relations', 'A critical examination of theories concerning the origin of sex inequality and an attempt to identify indicators of changing status of the sexes as well as factors which account for such changes.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('765', 'SOC', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('640', 'PACS', '003059', 'GRD', 'Political Sociology', 'A critical examination of political and governmental strategies for identifying social problems and managing the conduct of individuals, groups, and populations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('776', 'SOC', '003061', 'GRD', 'Sociology of Knowledge', 'The seminar undertakes to develop a general theory of the relation of social thought to social action, comparative value systems and the role of the scientist, artist and intellectual in society.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SOC', '003062', 'GRD', 'Theories of Social Change', 'A systematic review and analysis of major theories of social change. Theoretical problems are examined within a specific context such as social organization, economic institutions, social stratification, and urban structures.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('785', 'SOC', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('635', 'GGOV', '003065', 'GRD', 'Urban Security Governance', 'An examination of the urban aspects of security, surveillance, war and terrorism. Particular attention will be given to the contemporary embrace of resilience as a rationality of urban security. Additional themes include the militarization of policing, the role of ''big data'' in the intensification of urban surveillance, and the relationship between security and urban environments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('789', 'SOC', '003068', 'GRD', 'Graduate Readings in Sociology', 'Selected readings in a specific topic including the preparation of a research paper under the supervision of a faculty member.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('831', 'STAT', '003087', 'GRD', 'Generalized Linear Models and Applications', 'Review of normal linear regression and maximum likelihood estimation. Computational methods, including Newton-Raphson and iteratively reweighted least squares. Binomial regression; the role of the link function. Goodness-of-fit, goodness-of-link, leverage. Poisson regression models. Generalized linear models. Other topics in regression modelling.', 'Antireq: STAT 431.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('833', 'STAT', '003088', 'GRD', 'Stochastic Processes 2', 'This course provides further ideas and methods in stochastic modelling, with an emphasis on continuous-time stochastic processes. Topics cover time to absorption based quantities and discrete phase-type distributions of discrete-time Markov chains, continuous-time Markov chains with a countable state space, limit distributions for ergodic and absorbing chains, and applications including birth and death processes and queueing models of practical interest. Other topics may include continuous phase-type distributions, renewal theory and limit theorems for regenerative processes, and phase-type renewal processes.', 'Antirequisite: STAT 433.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('835', 'STAT', '003089', 'GRD', 'Statistical Methods for Process Improvement', 'Statistical methods for improving processes based on observational data. Assessment of measurement systems. Strategies for variation reduction. Process monitoring, control and adjustment. Clue generation techniques for determining the sources of variability. Variation transmission.', 'Antireq: STAT 435', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('840', 'STAT', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('761', 'CM', '003090', 'GRD', 'Computational Inference', 'Introduction to and application of computational methods in statistical inference.\nMonte Carlo evaluation of statistical procedures, exploration of the likelihood function through graphical and optimization techniques. Topics include expectation-maximization, bootstrapping, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and other computationally intensive methods.', 'Antireq: CM 461; STAT 440', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('841', 'STAT', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('763', 'CM', '003091', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Classification', 'Classification is the problem of predicting a discrete outcome from a set of\nexplanatory variables. Main topics include logistic regression, neural networks, tree-based methods, support vector machines and nearest neighbour methods. Other topics include model assessment, training and tuning.', 'Antireq: CM 463; STAT 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('844', 'STAT', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('764', 'CM', '003092', 'GRD', 'Statistical Learning - Advanced Regression', 'This course introduces modern applied regression methods for continuous\nresponse modelling, emphasizing both explainability and predictive power. Topics cover a wide selection of advanced methods useful to address the challenges arising from real-world and high-dimensional data; methods include robust regression, nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines, kernels, additive models, tree based methods, boosting and bagging, and penalized linear regression methods such as the ridge regression, lasso, and their variants. Students will gain an appreciation of the mathematical and statistical concepts underlying the methods and also computational experience in applying the methods to real data.', 'Antireq: CM 464; STAT 444', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('850', 'STAT', '003094', 'GRD', 'Estimation and Hypothesis Testing', 'Discussion of inference problems under the headings of hypothesis testing and point and interval estimation. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches to inference. Construction and evaluation of tests and estimators. Large sample theory of point estimation.', 'Antireq: STAT 450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('854', 'STAT', '003097', 'GRD', 'Sampling Theory and Practice', 'Sources of survey error. Probability sampling designs, estimation and efficiency comparisons. Distribution theory and confidence intervals. Generalized regression estimation. Software for survey analysis.', 'Antireq: STAT 454.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('901', 'STAT', '003101', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 1', 'Probability measures, random variables as measurable functions, expectation, independence, characteristic functions, limit theorems, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('902', 'STAT', '003102', 'GRD', 'Theory of Probability 2', 'Review of conditioning on sigma-fields; martingale theory (discrete and continuous-time) and applications; counting processes; Brownian motion; stochastic differential and integral equations and applications; general theory of Markov processes (including martingale problems and semigroup theory), diffusions; weak convergence of stochastic processes on function spaces; functional versions of the central limit theorem and strong laws; convergence of empirical processes.', 'Antireq: ECE 780', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('906', 'STAT', '003104', 'GRD', 'Computer Intensive Methods for Stochastic Models in Finance', 'Review of basic numerical methods. Simulation of random variables, stochastic processes and stochastic models in finance. Numerical solution of deterministic and stochastic differential equations. Valuation of complex financial instruments and derivative securities. Project and paper.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('908', 'STAT', '003105', 'GRD', 'Statistical Inference', 'Principles of Inference: sufficiency, conditionality, and likelihood; examples and counter examples; conditional inference and ancillarity. Theory of Hypothesis Testing: Neyman-Pearson lemma; similar tests; invariant tests. Asymptotic Theory: maximum likelihood and related theory; large-sample properties of parametric significance tests. Interval Estimation: confidence intervals and significance intervals; location and scale models, conditional intervals. Introduction to Decision Theory: loss and risk functions, admissibility; minimax and Bayes rules; prior and posterior analysis. The course content of Stat 850 is a presumed prerequisite for Stat 908.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('923', 'STAT', '003113', 'GRD', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Multivariate problems as extensions of univariate problems, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation and principle component analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('929', 'STAT', '003116', 'GRD', 'Time Series 1', 'Iterative model building. ARIMA models, application to forecasting, seasonal models, applications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('930', 'STAT', '003117', 'GRD', 'Time Series 2', 'Multiple time series modeling including transfer function and intervention analysis. Various special topics in time series such as outliers, robustness, order determination methods, Kalman filtering, sampling and aggregation, seasonal adjustments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('935', 'STAT', '003120', 'GRD', 'Analysis of Survival Data', 'This course deals with methods of analyzing data on the time to failure with particular emphasis on the use of regression models for such data. Both parameteric and semi-parametric regression models will be considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('938', 'STAT', '003122', 'GRD', 'Statistical Consulting', 'This course will cover some of the basic tools of a statistical consultant. Topics will include the use of statistical packages, problem-solving techniques, discussion of common statistical consulting problems, effective communication of statistical concepts and management of consulting sessions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('621', 'SYDE', '003143', 'GRD', 'Mathematics of Computation', 'Review of mathematical and computational preliminaries; sources of error in floating-point arithmetic; solution of linear equations, eigen value problems, singular value decomposition, non-linear equations, ordinary differential equations and issues in designing mathematical software. The emphasis in this course will be on solution techniques rather than modelling and equation formulation.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('625', 'SYDE', '003146', 'GRD', 'Tools of Intelligent Systems Design', 'The course outlines fundamentals of intelligent systems design using tools of computational intelligence and soft computing. These include fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and other hybrid techniques such as neuro fuzzy systems and fuzzy-generated algorithms.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('631', 'SYDE', '003147', 'GRD', 'Time Series Modelling', 'The theory and application of time-series modelling are presented for describing phenomena measured at discrete points in time. The types of time-series models include stationary auto regressive moving average (ARMA), nonstationary, special families of seasonal, transfer function-noise (multiple inputs-single output), intervention, and multivariate (multiple inputs-multiple output) models. Applications are used for explaining how the foregoing models are fitted to both natural and socio-economic time series by following the identification, estimation and diagnostic check stages of model construction. Other topics include simulation in engineering design, forecasting in the operation of large-scale projects, and environmental impact assessment.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('632', 'SYDE', '003148', 'GRD', 'Optimization Methods', 'This course is intended to give a broad treatment of the subject of practical optimization. Emphasis will be given to understanding the motivation and scope of various optimization techniques for constrained and unconstrained problems. The methods discussed include, but are not limited to: Newton''s method and its variants, secant methods and conjugate gradient methods for unconstrained problems; active set methods, penalty methods and Lagrangian methods for constrained problems. In order to use, adapt and modify these methods, details that affect their performance will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('642', 'SYDE', '003149', 'GRD', 'Cognitive Engineering Methods', 'This course examines the fundamentals of modern perspectives on interface design for complex systems using current methods in cognitive engineering. We discuss Cognitive Work Analysis, Brunswick''s'' Lens Model, Goal Directed Task Analysis, Situation Awareness Oriented Design, Naturalistic Decision Making, Contextual Inquiry, Macro-cognitive Methods, Activity Theory, Concept Mapping, Cognitive Task Analysis, Social Network Analysis and their application to different types of human engineering problems. Students in this course will learn multiple methods in cognitive engineering with an emphasis on knowing the differences in foundation, assumptions and appropriate application of the methods. Students will be expected to apply the methods in a realistic research context, applying for ethics clearance and working with actual participants. Examples of appropriate topics may include understanding how people work with complex or automated systems models. Finally this course discusses aspects of the current research environment in cognitive engineering, with the objective of developing successful future researchers in this area.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('652', 'SYDE', '003151', 'GRD', 'Dynamics of Multibody Systems', 'In this course, linear graph theory is used to model the topology of 2-d and 3-d systems of rigid bodies connected by mechanical joints, springs, dampers, and actuators. Graph-theoretic methods are then used to systematically derive the kinematic and dynamic equations; the numeric solution of these equations provides a simulation of the system''s motion. Topics include: review of kinematics, dynamics and graph theoretic (GT) methods; application to one-dimensional mechanical systems; GT representation of two-dimensional components and systems; formulation and solution of governing system equations; extension to three dimensional mechanical systems with flexible bodies and mechatronic components; application to kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, robotic manipulators, vehicles and satellites.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('654', 'SYDE', '003153', 'GRD', 'Graphic Theoretic Models for Complex Systems', 'This course extends material in SY DE 551 to include complex systems, systems with uncertainty and systems design issues. Material covered includes: non-linear systems models, their formulations and solutions; higher-order sensitivity models and solutions; second moment analysis and robust design methods for systems with probabilistic components. Examples are taken from electro-mechanical disciplines.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('675', 'SYDE', '003154', 'GRD', 'Pattern Recognition', 'Pattern recognition addresses the problem of detecting and classifying patterns in data, a process of machine perception in which objects are assigned to classes to which they are most similar. This course introduces the three modern approaches to pattern recognition: statistical, structural and neural. Specific topics include distance and probability based approaches in multidimensional feature spaces, feature extraction, clustering and performance measures; pattern grammars, syntax analysis and grammatical inference; connectionist models, pattern associators, back propagation and self-organizing networks.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('677', 'SYDE', '003156', 'GRD', 'Medical Imaging', 'This course introduces the fundamental concepts for medical imaging which include medical image formation (X-ray, CT, MRI, sonography); storage and formats (DICOM, DICOM RT, PACS); visualization, detection and analysis (enhancement, segmentation, registration, compression); safety and regulations for imaging devices & software (IEEE standards, Health Canada Licensing, FDA Clearance).', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('710', 'SYDE', '003163', 'GRD', 'Topics in Mathematics', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('720', 'SYDE', '003173', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Computation', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('730', 'SYDE', '003183', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Societal-Environmental Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('750', 'SYDE', '003199', 'GRD', 'Topics in Systems Modelling', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('760', 'SYDE', '003209', 'GRD', 'Topics in Engineering Design', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('770', 'SYDE', '003214', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Communication and Information Systems', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('780', 'SYDE', '003224', 'GRD', 'Selected Topics in Engineering Sciences', '', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'AFM', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts & Business, Environment & Business, Sci & Business, Hon Rec & Leisure Studies, Hon Rec & Business, Hon Biotechnology/Economics, Human Resources Management, or Management Studies stdnts. Antireq: AFM 101,102,121, BUS 127W/227W,247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ARBUS', '003239', 'UG', 'Accounting Information for Managers', 'This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: AFM 101, 102, BUS 127W/227W, 247W, MSCI 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131', 'AFM', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ARBUS', '003243', 'UG', 'Introduction to Business in North America', 'The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students. Antireq: BUS 111W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AFM', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'LS', '003247', 'UG', 'Business Law', 'Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management,\nMathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy or Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy students. Antireq: AFM 335, MTHEL 100/COMM 231,\nBUS 231W, CIVE 491, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'AFM', '003253', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 1', 'A first course in intermediate accounting dealing with the theory and practice of financial statement preparation and reporting. The emphasis will be on asset valuation and the related impact on income measurement.', 'Prereq: AFM 101 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'AFM', '003257', 'UG', 'Financial Instruments and Capital Markets', 'This course is the second in a two-course sequence which offers an overview of global capital markets. The course focuses on valuation of financial instruments and the theories of financial risk and diversification.', 'Prereq: AFM 121; AFM 113 or STAT 211; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 272/ACTSC 291, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'AFM', '003258', 'UG', 'Introduction to Corporate Finance', 'This course is the first in a two-course sequence that deals with corporate financial decision-making. Topics may include capital budgeting, cost of capital, security issuance, capital structure, payout policy and dividends, and short-term finance.', 'Prereq: AFM 273; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ACTSC 372, AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391, ECON 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'AFM', '003260', 'UG', 'Cost Management Systems', 'Consideration of more complex topics in management planning and control. Emphasis is on traditional and contemporary cost accumulation systems and their application in modern day organizations. Cases, simulations, projects, and presentations are the key instructional methods used to understand and integrate the course material. At the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of how the correct choice of a costing model adds value to the organization. [Note: Formerly AFM 481]', 'Prereq: AFM 102 or AFM 191; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'AFM', '003261', 'UG', 'Intermediate Financial Accounting 2', 'This is an intermediate financial accounting course that deals with problems related to the measurement of liabilities, measurement of income, and the reporting and measuring of corporate equities.', 'Prereq: AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'AFM', '003262', 'UG', 'Accounting Theory', 'A review of accounting theory as a background for applying underlying concepts to current accounting problems. Emphasis is on current literature, with a major term paper required.', 'Prereq: AFM 391 or AFM 491; Accounting and Financial Management,\nBiotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial\nManagement, or Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'AFM', '003265', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'A course offered from time to time on a significant accounting and financial management issue. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'AFM', '003269', 'UG', 'Business Strategy', 'This course focuses on strategic management of the total enterprise. Managers contribute to the organization through their analytical and leadership capabilities as well as their technical expertise. The course provides a framework for developing and implementing strategy that fits the firm''s environment, managerial values, and organization.', 'Prereq: (AFM 274 or AFM 272/ACTSC 291) and AFM 291; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: ENBUS 302', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'AFM', '003273', 'UG', 'Accounting Information Systems', 'Examines the planning, requirements analysis, acquisition, and evaluation of information systems, with an emphasis on accounting information systems. Introduces information systems assurance concepts, and considers the role of information technology in the improvement of business performance.', 'Prereq: Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: CS 432', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AFM', '003275', 'UG', 'Audit Strategy', 'An examination of elements of audit strategy and their interrelationships, including financial assertions, types and sources of audit assurance, and evidence-gathering procedures within a framework of professional judgment. [Note: Formerly AFM 351]', 'Prereq: AFM 291, AFM 341; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/CPA, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/CPA, or Sustainability and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'AFM', '003284', 'UG', 'Equity Investments', 'This course addresses principles of equity investments, including risk and return relationships, fundamental analysis of equities based on macroeconomic, industry and company-specific factors, financial statement analysis, and technical analysis. Portfolio allocation, performance measurement, and ethical and professional standards in the investment profession are also covered.', 'Prereq: One of AFM 272/ACTSC 291, AFM 273, ACTSC 372, ECON 371. Antireq: BUS 473W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'AFM', '003285', 'UG', 'Advanced Financial Accounting', 'An advanced accounting course considering specific problems of accounting for the corporate entity, such as business combinations, intercorporate investments, consolidated financial statements, accounting for foreign operations and foreign currency transactions, and segment reporting.', 'Prereq: AFM 391; Accounting and Financial Management, Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy, Computing and Financial Management, Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy, or Sustainability and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ACTSC', '003290', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics (Non-Specialist Level)', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount; annuities and sinking funds with practical applications to mortgage and bond questions. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Actuarial Science students. Antireq: ACTSC 231; (For Mathematics students only - CIVE 292/392)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ACTSC', '003293', 'UG', 'Introductory Financial Mathematics', 'The theory of rates of interest and discount including the theoretical continuous case of forces of interest and discount. Annuities and sinking funds, including the continuous case. Practical and theoretical applications primarily to mortgages and bonds. Yield rates. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 137 or 147 and (STAT 220 with a grade of at least 70% or a corequisite of STAT 230 or 240); Level at least 2A; Not open to students who have received credit for ACTSC 232. Antireq: ACTSC 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'ACTSC', '003294', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 1', 'The future lifetime random variable: probability and survival functions; force of mortality; complete and curtate expectation of life; Makeham and Gompertz mortality laws. Life tables: characteristics of population and insurance life tables; selection; fractional age assumptions. Life insurance payments and annuity payments: present value random variables; expected present values; higher moments; actuarial notation. Annual, 1/mthly and continuous cases. Relationships between insurance and annuity functions. Premiums: expense loadings. Present value of future loss random variables and distribution, net and gross cases. Equivalence principle. Portfolio percentile principle. Extra risks. [Note: Students who have met the ELPE requirement must contact their ACTSC advisor. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (At least 60% in ACTSC 231) and (STAT 230 or 240) and (at least 60% in MTHEL 131). Not open to students who received credit for ACTSC 331.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'ACTSC', '003295', 'UG', 'Life Contingencies 2', 'Policy Values: Annual, 1/mthly, and continuous cases. Thiele''s equation. Modified premium policy values. Multiple state models: applications in life contingencies; assumptions; Kolmogorov equations; premiums, policy values, multiple decrement models. Joint life models: valuation of insurance benefits on joint lives, dependent and independent cases. [Note: Some of the material covered in STAT 333 reinforces some of the concepts covered in this course. Therefore students might find it beneficial to take STAT 333 and ACTSC 331 at the same time. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 232 with a grade of at least 60%; Actuarial Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ACTSC', '003299', 'UG', 'Introduction to Property and Casualty Loss Reserving', 'An introduction to property/casualty loss reserving techniques. Claim payment process. Chain-ladder methods. Stochastic models.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, (STAT 331 or 371 or 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ACTSC', '003300', 'UG', 'Casualty and Health Insurance Mathematics 1', 'Models for loss frequency: Poisson, negative binomial, binomial, (a, b, 0) class; models for loss severity including exponential, gamma, lognormal, Pareto, and Weibull; impact of policy adjustments on loss frequency and severity; estimation; compound Poisson models; aggregate claims models: properties, recursion, simulation, and pricing; deterministic reserving methods: chain ladder and Bornhuetter Ferguson; introduction to reinsurance. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only. Coreq: STAT 330. Antireq: ACTSC 431 (taken in or before spring 2020).', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'ACTSC', '003301', 'UG', 'Property and Casualty Insurance: Pricing', 'Introduction to ratemaking; rating factors; insurance pricing using generalized linear models; experience rating; credibility theory: Bayesian, Buhlmann, and Buhlmann-Straub; empirical Bayes parameter estimation. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 363, STAT 330, (one of STAT 331, 371, 373); Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ACTSC', '003302', 'UG', 'Longevity and Mortality Using Predictive Analytics', 'Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen estimators for survival functions. Kernel density models. Validation of mortality tables. Estimators for Markov multiple state transition intensities. Longevity models, including deterministic and stochastic models such as Lee-Carter and Cairns-Blake-Dowd. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331, STAT 330; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ACTSC', '003305', 'UG', 'Mathematics of Financial Markets', 'This course covers mathematical techniques for no-arbitrage pricing and hedging financial derivatives. Topics to be covered can be classified into three broad areas: derivatives markets (options; forwards and futures; other derivatives; put-call parity), discrete-time financial models (binomial models; general multi-period models; Fundamental Theorems of Asset Pricing; risk-neutral probability), and continuous-time financial models (basic stochastic calculus and It\u00f4''s lemma; Black-Scholes model; interest rate models and bond pricing). [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (AFM 275/AFM 372/ACTSC 391 or (ACTSC 231, 371) or ACTSC 372 or BUS 393W), (STAT 333 or 334); ACTSC, Math/FARM, Math Fin, STAT students only. Antireq: AFM 322, BUS 423W, ECON 372, MATBUS 470', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ACTSC', '003308', 'UG', 'Basic Pension Mathematics', 'Theory and practice of pension plan funding. Assumptions, basic actuarial functions, and population theory applied to private pensions. Concepts of normal costs, supplemental liability, unfunded liability arising from individual accrued benefit, and projected benefit cost methods.', 'Prereq: ACTSC 331; Actuarial Science or Mathematical Finance students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'AMATH', '003316', 'UG', 'Calculus 4', 'Vector integral calculus-line integrals, surface integrals and vector fields, Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem, and Stokes'' theorem. Applications include conservation laws, fluid flow and electromagnetic fields. An introduction to Fourier analysis. Fourier series and the Fourier transform. Parseval''s formula. Frequency analysis of signals. Discrete and continuous spectra. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 217, 227', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'AMATH', '003317', 'UG', 'Introduction to Differential Equations', 'Physical systems which lead to differential equations (examples include mechanical vibrations, population dynamics, and mixing processes). Dimensional analysis and dimensionless variables. Solving linear differential equations: first- and second-order scalar equations and first-order vector equations. Laplace transform methods of solving differential equations. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112) and (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148). Antireq: AMATH 251, 350, MATH 218, 228', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'PHYS', '003320', 'UG', 'Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity', 'Newtonian dynamics of particles and systems of particles. Oscillations. Gravity and the central force problem. Lorentz transformations and relativistic dynamics. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Antireq: AMATH 261, 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'AMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PMATH', '003323', 'UG', 'Applied Real Analysis', 'Topology of Euclidean spaces, continuity, norms, completeness. Contraction mapping principle. Fourier series. Various applications, for example, to ordinary differential equations, optimization and numerical approximation. [Note: PMATH 351 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 331 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'AMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'PMATH', '003324', 'UG', 'Applied Complex Analysis', 'Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, conformal maps and applications to the solution of Laplace''s equation, contour integrals, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue calculus and applications. [Note: PMATH 352 may be substituted for AMATH/PMATH 332 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247. Antireq: PHYS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PMATH', '003325', 'UG', 'Differential Geometry', 'Submanifolds of Euclidean n-space; vector fields and differential forms; integration on submanifolds and Stokes''s Theorem; metrics and geodesics; Gauss-Bonnet Theorem.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (MATH 237 or 247)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'AMATH', '003328', 'UG', 'Discrete Models in Applied Mathematics', 'Difference equations and discrete dynamical systems. Mathematical models are taken from ecology, biology, economics, and other fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'AMATH', '003329', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations 2', 'Second order linear differential equations with non-constant coefficients, Sturm comparison, oscillation and separation theorems, series solutions and special functions. Linear vector differential equations in Rn, an introduction to dynamical systems. Laplace transforms applied to linear vector differential equations, transfer functions, the convolution theorem. Perturbation methods for differential equations. Numerical methods for differential equations. Applications are discussed throughout. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 250 or 251 and MATH 237 or 247; Level at least 3A. Antireq: AMATH 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'AMATH', '003330', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 1', 'Second order linear partial differential equations - the diffusion equation, wave equation, and Laplace''s equation. Methods of solution - separation of variables and eigenfunction expansions, the Fourier transform. Physical interpretation of solutions in terms of diffusion, waves and steady states. First order non-linear partial differential equations and the method of characteristics. Applications are emphasized throughout. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (one of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228). Antireq: AMATH 350, PHYS 364', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'AMATH', '003331', 'UG', 'Continuum Mechanics', 'Stress and strain tensors; analysis of stress and strain. Lagrangian and Eulerian methods for describing flow. Equations of continuity, motion and energy, constitutive equations. Navier-Stokes equation. Basic equations of elasticity. Various applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263). Coreq: AMATH 351 and (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('373', 'AMATH', '003338', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 1', 'Critical experiments and old quantum theory. Basic concepts of quantum mechanics: observables, wavefunctions, Hamiltonians, and the Schroedinger equation. Uncertainty, correspondence, and superposition principles. Simple applications to finite and extended one-dimensional systems, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor, and hydrogen atom. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 231 and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263) and PHYS 234. Antireq: PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PMATH', '003348', 'UG', 'Measure and Integration', 'General measures, measurability, Caratheodory Extension theorem and construction of measures, integration theory, convergence theorems, Lp-spaces, absolute continuity, differentiation of monotone functions, Radon-Nikodym theorem, product measures, Fubini''s theorem, signed measures, Urysohn''s lemma, Riesz Representation theorems for classical Banach spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450 with a grade of at least 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PMATH', '003349', 'UG', 'Functional Analysis', 'Banach and Hilbert spaces, bounded linear maps, Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping theorem, closed graph theorem, topologies, nets, Hausdorff spaces, Tietze extension theorem, dual spaces, weak topologies, Tychonoff''s theorem, Banach-Alaoglu theorem, reflexive spaces.', 'Prereq: PMATH 354/450', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PMATH', '003350', 'UG', 'Smooth Manifolds', 'Point-set topology; smooth manifolds, smooth maps, and tangent vectors; the tangent and cotangent bundles; vector fields, tensor fields, and differential forms; Stokes''s theorem; integral curves, Lie derivatives, the Frobenius theorem; de Rham cohomology.', 'Prereq: PMATH 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'CS', '003352', 'UG', 'Numeric Computation for Financial Modeling', 'The interaction of financial models, numerical methods, and computing environments. Basic computational aspects of option pricing and hedging. Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations, strong and weak convergence. Generating correlated random numbers. Time-stepping methods. Finite difference methods for the Black-Scholes equation. Discretization, stability, convergence. Methods for portfolio optimization, effect of data errors on portfolio weights. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Students who receive a good grade in CS 335 may contact the instructor of CS 476 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 242/CS 371 or CS 370) and STAT 231/241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'AMATH', '003354', 'UG', 'Introduction to Dynamical Systems', 'A unified view of linear and nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations in Rn. Flow operators and their classification: contractions, expansions, hyperbolic flows. Stable and unstable manifolds. Phase-space analysis. Nonlinear systems, stability of equilibria and Lyapunov functions. The special case of flows in the plane, Poincare-Bendixson theorem and limit cycles. Applications to physical problems will be a motivating influence. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'AMATH', '003355', 'UG', 'Partial Differential Equations 2', 'A thorough discussion of the class of second order linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients, in two independent variables. Laplace''s equation, the wave equation and the heat equation in higher dimensions. Theoretical/qualitative aspects: well-posed problems, maximum principles for elliptic and parabolic equations, continuous dependence results, uniqueness results (including consideration of unbounded domains), domain of dependence for hyperbolic equations. Solution procedures: elliptic equations -- Green functions, conformal mapping; hyperbolic equations -- generalized d''Alembert solution, spherical means, method of descent; transform methods -- Fourier, multiple Fourier, Laplace, Hankel (for all three types of partial differential equations); Duhamel''s method for inhomogeneous hyperbolic and parabolic equations. [Note: Offered in the fall of odd years.]', 'Prereq: AMATH 351 and 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'AMATH', '003356', 'UG', 'Control Theory', 'Feedback control with applications. System theory in both time and frequency domain, state-space computations, stability, system uncertainty, loopshaping, linear quadratic regulators, and estimation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH/PMATH 332 or PMATH 352) and AMATH 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'AMATH', '003357', 'UG', 'Calculus of Variations', 'Concept of functional and its variations. The solution of problems using variational methods - the Euler-Lagrange equations. Applications include an introduction to Hamilton''s principle and optimal control. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 237 or 247 and (One of AMATH 250 or 251, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 218, 228); Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'AMATH', '003359', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Incompressible, irrotational flow. Incompressible viscous flow. Introduction to wave motion and geophysical fluid mechanics. Elements of compressible flow. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 353 or PHYS 364) and AMATH 361.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'AMATH', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PHYS', '003369', 'UG', 'Quantum Theory 2', 'The Hilbert space of states, observables, and time evolution. Feynman path integral and Greens functions. Approximation methods. Co-ordinate transformations, angular momentum, and spin. The relation between symmetries and conservation laws. Density matrix, Ehrenfest theorem, and decoherence. Multiparticle quantum mechanics. Bell inequality and basics of quantum computing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: AMATH 373 or PHYS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'AMATH', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AMATH 231 or MATH 227) and (AMATH 271 or PHYS 263); Level at least 4A Honours Mathematics or Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('476', 'PHYS', '003371', 'UG', 'Introduction to General Relativity', 'Tensor analysis. Curved space-time and the Einstein field equations. The Schwarzschild solution and applications. The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; AMATH 231 or MATH 227; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'AMATH', '003382', 'UG', 'Reading Course', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Not open to General Mathematics students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ANTH', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CLAS', '003396', 'UG', 'Introduction to Archaeology', 'An introduction to the working assumptions, analytic approaches, and integrative and descriptive methods of archaeological anthropology.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ANTH', '003399', 'UG', 'Social and Cultural Anthropology', 'This course introduces students to the history and key concepts of social and cultural anthropology through the examination of classic works as well as contemporary ethnographic texts and films. Topics include anthropological approaches to understanding cultural identity and difference, social structure, kinship, politics, and exchange.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'ANTH', '003401', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of North America', 'This course examines past Indigenous lifeways in North America north of Mexico from the time of earliest settlement to contact with Europeans. It provides a broad survey of space-time systematics as well as conceptual, methodological, and ethical issues relevant to study of the North American archaeological record. [Note: Formerly ANTH 203]', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221. Antireq: ANTH 203', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'ANTH', '003422', 'UG', 'Inuit Cultures', 'An examination of Inuit and Eskimo cultures of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland from their prehistoric origins to the present. Administrative systems imposed upon the Inuit and Eskimo will be analyzed and compared, as will the contemporary problems these communities face.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('290', 'ANTH', '003432', 'UG', 'Visual Anthropology', 'This course examines relations between culture and vision, the history of photography in anthropological research, and ethnographic film and its ethical implications. Topics include the roles of museums and representation, indigenous media, advocacy, and activism.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ANTH', '003433', 'UG', 'Practicing Anthropology', 'Thinking anthropologically means bringing observations and empirical findings into a dialogue with theoretical approaches. This course explores how anthropologists have developed the methods they use, considers how they interpret their findings through such lenses as functionalism and structuralism, and examines how they formulate critiques of fieldwork.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ANTH', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'RS', '003440', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Religion', 'This course examines how religion has been studied as an object of anthropological inquiry. Topics may include ritual, magic, witchcraft, symbolism, cosmology, the relation between beliefs and practices, as well as the mutual influences of religion, politics, nationalism, and socioeconomic change.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'ANTH', '003445', 'UG', 'Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology', 'Detailed consideration of prehistoric cultural developments from earliest toolmaking to the transition to agriculture. An examination of the human mode of adaptation and the increasing complexity of cultural systems among prehistoric hunters and gatherers. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ANTH', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'CLAS', '003446', 'UG', 'Archaeology of Complex Cultures', 'Cultural development from the agricultural revolution to the rise of literacy. Special attention to the development of agriculture as a means of subsistence and to the rise of early civilization. Areas and periods of emphasis will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ANTH', '003448', 'UG', 'The Archaeology of the Great Lakes Area', 'An in-depth study of the archaeological evidence for prehistoric cultures in the Great Lakes area from their arrival ca. 11,000 years ago to the coming of Europeans. Cultural ecology and cultural evolution will be stressed.', 'Prereq: ANTH 201/CLAS 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ANTH', '003452', 'UG', 'Environmental Anthropology', 'This course examines the relationships between environments and human societies, focusing on the nature/culture divide and social and economic organization. Topics may include politics and practice, the influence of globalization, and regional perspectives.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ANTH', '003460', 'UG', 'Directed Research in Anthropology', 'This course provides selected students with an opportunity to work (up to a maximum of eight hours per week over one term) as apprentices with a specific instructor on a research project in which the instructor is currently engaged. [Note: This is a non-paid position and may not be combined with sponsored research positions. Previous or external research experiences will not meet the criteria for this course. This course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'ANTH', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: ANTH 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'GSJ', '003461', 'UG', 'Anthropology of Gender', 'This course examines anthropological perspectives on variations in gender roles and systems through the comparison of ethnographies. Topics include the relationship of gender to social organization, sexuality, economic and political processes, belief systems, and social movements.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ANTH', '003466', 'UG', 'Human Evolution', 'This course reviews the evolutionary history of humans. It includes an examination of the hominin fossil record, evidence from genetic analyses, and behavioural inferences that have been drawn from nonhuman primate models. Emphasis is placed on the process of knowledge production and interpretation, and the representation of human evolution in the public realm.', 'Prereq: ANTH 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ANTH', '003473', 'UG', 'Reading in Anthropology', 'Student-initiated independent research on a selected topic. A high standard of written work is required. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Anthropology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ANTH', '003475', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Anthropology', 'Analysis of a special topic in anthropology, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times. Formerly ANTH 400.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'ANTH', '003489', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'ANTH', '003490', 'UG', 'Honours Essay', 'Directed reading and research in a selected area of anthropology inquiry.', 'Prereq: Anthropology majors only; 80% cumulative ANTH average', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'ARCH', '003492', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 1', 'Introduction to the use of graphic media in architecture. Students will engage in exercises in drawing using various media, acquire digital skills, and develop fluency in diverse forms of architectural presentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('113', 'ARCH', '003494', 'UG', 'Visual and Digital Media 2', 'Introduction to computing techniques in architecture. Students will be instructed in the conceptual foundations for computer use in architecture, graphic applications for the computer and skills for two-dimensional drawing, three-dimensional modelling and graphic techniques for visualization and portfolio development. Students will gain fluency in a range of software applications for the purposes of developing technical and visual proficiencies to be integrated into the design process. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('142', 'ARCH', '003496', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cultural History', 'This course will introduce cultural history and the ethical dimension of the role architects play. Localizing the realities of modernity as an enduring cultural force and a global economy on one hand, with global threats to the future of humankind on the other. This course will explore the commonality of human experience, the interdependence of humans, and the natural environment. By considering narratives, artefacts, and buildings, this course will present how architecture and other cultural creations intersect with issues of race, gender, and identity, within a range of spiritual, social, political, and environmental contexts. Through orientation, disorientation, and reorientation, this course introduces human constructs and environmental conditions from a variety of perspectives such as location, foundation, habituation, accommodation, exile, and displacement. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('143', 'ARCH', '003497', 'UG', 'Settlements, Sanctuaries, and Cities', 'This course introduces buildings, cultural practices, and worldviews of nomadic and sedentary societies across a broad range of geographies and periods. Beginning with the earliest shrines and cities that appear in the Middle East, the Far East, and India, and exploring settlements in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas up to the year 1000CE. This course examines the origins of sacred and civic architectures in the landscapes and environments in which they emerge, moving across continents to recognize patterns of life, concepts of order and conduct, symbols, rituals, and myths embodied in our building practices and settlement patterns. Analysis in this course foregrounds the relationships to the lands that inform cultures, the formation and movement of societies, their temporary and permanent constructions, looking at the ecological and social bearings of cities as spaces of power, sanctuary, and exchange. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 142', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'ARCH', '003498', 'UG', 'Principles of Structures', 'Fundamental concepts of mechanics and structures, as related to architectural design, study of loading conditions, forces, moments, systems of forces, conditions of equilibrium for two- and three-dimensional structures, centre of gravity of loads and areas, bar forces in trusses, simple frame analysis, moment of inertia. Concepts of simple stress and strain; shear and bending moments in simple beams; shear and moment diagrams, qualitative deflected shapes, flexural and shearing stresses, deflection calculations; compression members; Euler''s formula. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 163', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('172', 'ARCH', '003500', 'UG', 'Building Construction 1', 'A focus on the construction of small-scale buildings will introduce the fundamentals of building construction demonstrating relationships between contemporary design and material selections. Design development practices will reference; regulatory frameworks, building science, soils, foundations, light wood construction, engineered wood, masonry (brick, concrete block, load bearing, veneer systems), shallow foundations, residential codes, barrier free design. [Note: Field trip fee: $20. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('174', 'ARCH', '003501', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192', 'ARCH', '003502', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of the means to appreciate the art and science of building; introduction to the study of theories of architecture; development of skills in graphic communication; introduction to a study of building elements; promotion of the application of theory in the practice of design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Field trip cost $300-$450. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Architecture students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('193', 'ARCH', '003503', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Further development of basic skills, and the application of theory and design in small scale architectural design projects. Introduction to issues of inhabitation, program, and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ARCH', '003512', 'UG', 'Architecture of the Urban Environment', 'An introduction to the structure and form of urban environments as understood through the urban architecture. The forces that determine the creation and development of urban places will be examined. Topics include the plan as a generative form, urban building types, urban morphology, and the shape of the public realm, infrastructure as both system and architectural object, nature and the park, and real estate and development controls. Of special interest will be analyses of the suburb, and urban master plans. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Architecture students or Honours Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'ARCH', '003515', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 600-1600', 'This course presents encounters across peoples, worldviews, belief systems, and empires, following the movement of ideas, practices, and objects to consider significant cultural transformations resulting from conflictual or peaceful interactions. From Indigenous civilizations and imperial dynasties, to sites of economic, political, and religious encounters such as the Silk Road or the Crusades. This course thematically presents creative works across all continents and includes proto-capitalist and proto-colonial phenomena. Representational, material, and spatial practices studied range from visual and oral discourses, drawing, mapping, printing, land markings, places of burials, worship, and teachings, as well as the organization of cities, landscapes, and territories, all studied as windows into ways of knowing, patterns of life and relationships to the land. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 143', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('173', 'ARCH', '003520', 'UG', 'Building Construction 2', 'Focusing on the construction of medium-to large-scale buildings examines relationships between design development, and the building science, and construction practices of structural systems and enclosures. Case studies and projects will be used to investigate steel framing systems (traditional, long span, architectural exposed structural steel [AESS]); reinforced, precast, fibre reinforced and prestressed concrete construction; heavy timber construction (traditional, glulam, cross laminated timber [CLT]); deep foundations; building envelopes (curtain wall, window walls, glazing, insulation strategies, and roofing systems); fire protective design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 172', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('274', 'ARCH', '003521', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course offers a vehicle for introducing additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('276', 'ARCH', '003529', 'UG', 'Timber: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural timber systems. Topics such as flexural, compression and truss members, connections, and plywood construction are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of ARCH 260, ARCH 262, CIVE 204 or 205', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'ARCH', '003530', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('285', 'ARCH', '003531', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum, guided exploration of specific architectural problem areas, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ARCH', '003532', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The exploration of design as a thinking process through the medium of small scale design projects. The development and analysis of architectural propositions concerning personal space within the context of a larger community. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required two-day field trip, cost range $150-$200. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 193', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'ARCH', '003533', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Design involving problems of human perception and dimension in more complex environments, and dealing with issues of public and private space. Development of skills in analysis and programming, and further exploration of questions of siting and context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Field trip (one week). Estimated field trip cost $400-$500. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 292', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ARCH', '003535', 'UG', 'Architectural Theory 1850-1990', 'Beginning with the introduction of important theories of architecture in vogue prior to 1850, this course examines texts, movements, buildings, projects, and urban proposals of the period in order to understand the structure of contemporary architectural theory.', 'Prereq: ARCH 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('248', 'ARCH', '003536', 'UG', 'Cultural Encounters 1600-1914', 'This course critically examines the period from the 17th century to the first years of the 20th century, studying revolutions in science, agriculture, and industry, and considering the social, political, and economic changes engendered globally in their wake. Selected works from philosophy, literature, the arts, architecture, landscape, and city design reveal complex social and political upheavals. The increasing influence of technology, and the power struggles around access to and extraction of the globe''s resources. Topics considered include the birth of industrial nations driven by Enlightenment reason, science and the emancipative promise of political liberty, as well as the fall of that early idealism with the realities of capitalism, colonialism, racism, and the destruction of the natural environment. Considering encounters between people, as well as between people and the earth, this course studies both the promises and shadows of the complex global society that emerges in this time. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 246', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ARCH', '003539', 'UG', 'Steel and Concrete: Design, Structure and Construction', 'Architectural case studies are used to examine conceptual development, structural design, building process, and the selection of structural steel and concrete systems. Topics such as tension, flexural, and compression members; and connections are studied using calculations, design aids, rules of thumb, and the latest CSA design standards. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 262 or (ARCH 260 and ARCH 276)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('126', 'ARCH', '003541', 'UG', 'Environmental Building Design', 'An introduction to environmental design practices leading to low carbon design. Topics of discussion include passive heating and cooling, solar geometry, climate and meteorological influences, microclimate, site design, daylighting, active systems, embodied energy, sustainable rating systems, sustainable design philosophies such as cradle to cradle, biomimicry and design for disassembly. Energy-related issues will be addressed and energy-based software design programs will be introduced. Understanding the role of design in an energy efficient or passive solar building will be a central learning outcome. [Note: Field trip fee: $15. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Architecture students. Antireq: ARCH 226', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'ARCH', '003545', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ARCH', '003549', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'ARCH', '003554', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'ARCH', '003555', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ARCH', '003556', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'Development of design skills and theoretical knowledge through their application in projects involving various building types in urban situations. Emphasis is placed upon issues of materiality and technology in architectural design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Required four to five day field trip, cost $400-$500. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ARCH 293', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'ARCH', '003557', 'UG', 'Option Design Studio', 'This design studio is subdivided into distinct studio sections, each of which provides a specific platform for advanced research and design presented within the context of a topic or set of issues to be explored in relation to a specific design project, program and site. These studios range in both scale and scope, traversing an array of academic investigations, design hypotheses, research agendas, interdisciplinary explorations, and pedagogical intentions. These topics foreground the disciplinary arenas within architecture in the areas of architectural theory, media, technology, urbanism, and landscape. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'ARCH', '003559', 'UG', 'Italian Urban History (Rome)', 'The course provides a survey of the history of settlement and urban form on the Italian peninsula from antiquity to the present day. In it the influences upon the structure of public and private space are outlined for each historical period. These include constants such as geography and climate, but more especially the factors that induce and manifest change: politics, warfare, economics, social structure, the arts and theory. [Note: Course fee: $550.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'ARCH', '003561', 'UG', 'Rome and the Campagna (Rome)', 'History of settlement and building in Rome and the surrounding area from antiquity to the present. Acts of design in architecture, urban form and landscape related to political, cultural and spiritual authority of Rome. Comparison drawn between the image of the city, represented in literature and art, and the material facts of the place. Field trips, lecture. [Note: Course fee: Required travel fee applies to this course, please contact the Architecture Student Services Co-ordinator for current fees. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('449', 'ARCH', '003562', 'UG', 'The Development of Modern Italian Architecture (Rome)', 'The course addresses the issues of architecture and urbanism in Rome and Italy from 1750 to the present. It explores the relationship between cultural, political, and artistic phenomena such as Futurism, Novecento, and Rationalism, that anticipate and create modernism in Italy. [Note: Two one-day field trips, estimated cost $60.00. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture. Coreq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ARCH', '003567', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ARCH', '003571', 'UG', 'Experimental Course', 'This course allows for additional electives to the program on a short-term basis, and for developing future permanent courses.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'ARCH', '003575', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'ARCH', '003577', 'UG', 'Architectural Research', 'This course offers a student an opportunity for independent research into architectural problems not offered in the regular curriculum. It allows guided exploration of a specific architectural problem area, of appropriate complexity to the particular term.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architecture', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'ARCH', '003579', 'UG', 'Design Studio', 'The studio course is mounted in Rome, Italy, with the school''s own faculty and premises, and offers a unique opportunity to undertake design studies in a truly rich architectural heritage. The main focus is the nature of the institution and its relationship to the city and its culture. Students participating in the Rome term are expected to defray the costs of travel, accommodation, and food. For students unable to study in Rome, an alternative studio is offered in Cambridge. It presents similar design projects and theoretical questions in a North American context. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: ARCH 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'ARCH', '003581', 'UG', 'Design Studio/Comprehensive Building Design', 'This studio represents a culmination of the pre-professional degree, through the integration and application of skills and knowledge to a complex building project. Students will develop designs to a high level of detail. A concern for technical material, environmental, and legal aspects of architecture will support open speculation and innovative design. [Note: Passing grade is 60%. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ARCH 492', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'ARTS', '003610', 'UG', 'Quest for Meaning in the Modern World', 'This course invites students on a quest for meaning in the context of a time in which traditional meanings and definitions have been challenged by rapidly-shifting cultural and religious values.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'ARTS', '003628', 'UG', 'Studies in Ideas', 'A course consisting of a series of lectures and tutorials on specific topics dealing with important ideas in the humanities, social sciences, fine and performing arts, and languages and cultures. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'BIOL', '003651', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy', 'This course takes a systems approach to study the structure of the human body and its relationship to function. [Formerly BIOL 301; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'BIOL', '003654', 'UG', 'Introductory Zoology', 'A study of the functional morphology of selected animals with special emphasis on the various grades of organization and development in the different phyla. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'BIOL', '003655', 'UG', 'Introductory Vertebrate Zoology', 'An introduction to the structure, evolution and development of vertebrate organ systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'BIOL', '003657', 'UG', 'Introduction to Plant Structure and Function', 'A brief introduction to plant diversity, and the anatomy and physiology of vascular plants. The course will include a description of major cell and tissue types, and their organization in roots, stems, and leaves. Topics such as the processes of water and ion uptake, photosynthesis, long distance transport, and growth regulation will also be covered. [Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'BIOL', '003665', 'UG', 'Genetics', 'Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal mechanisms in mitosis and meiosis. The origin, inheritance and adaptive significance of chromosomal changes. Nucleic acids as the carriers of genetic information. Natural selection and the evolution of genetic systems. [Formerly BIOL 139. Offered: W,S; online F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'BIOL', '003667', 'UG', 'Introduction to Applied Microbiology', 'Introduction to microbial ecology, environmental microbiology, food microbiology, and medical microbiology. Topics in environmental microbiology include biogeochemical cycling and biological treatment of wastes and pollutants. Topics in medical microbiology include concepts of immunology and host-parasite relationships. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240 and 140/240L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'BIOL', '003668', 'UG', 'Organismal and Evolutionary Ecology', 'This course provides students with an introduction to the basic principles of Scientific Reasoning, Ecology and Evolution. Coverage includes hypothesis testing and the nature of scientific inquiry, basic population genetics, physiological ecology, life histories, dispersal, basic population and community ecology, macroevolution, systematics and classification, as well as functional morphology. [Formerly BIOL 250. Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('273', 'BIOL', '003669', 'UG', 'Principles of Human Physiology 1', 'The physiology of major organ systems of the human body. Topics include neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system, muscle, the cardiovascular system, the components of blood, respiratory system, and immune system. The combination of BIOL 273 and BIOL 373 covers all of the major topics of human physiology. [Note: BIOL 373L may be required for entrance to certain professional/graduate programs. Offered: F, W and online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'BIOL', '003673', 'UG', 'Functional Histology', 'A hierarchical approach to biological structure with an emphasis on functional morphology. Starting with the cell, the fundamental unit of structure and function, the material progressively develops how cells organize to form tissues such as epithelium, connective tissue and muscle. Emphasis on how these tissue building blocks cooperate to form the major organs and organ systems of the human body. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'BIOL', '003674', 'UG', 'Introductory Developmental Biology and Embryology', 'Fundamental processes and concepts in embryonic development including the acquisition of multicellularity, organization of the early embryo, morphogenesis of tissues, major organ systems, fetal membranes, growth, differentiation, and analysis of common developmental defects. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 139/239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'BIOL', '003675', 'UG', 'Invertebrate Zoology', 'The diversity of invertebrate animals will be explored in this class. Topics covered will include reproduction, development, life history, feeding, locomotion, and behaviour. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'BIOL', '003680', 'UG', 'Plant Physiology', 'A study of plant physiological processes with an emphasis on the role of key metabolic pathways in plant growth and development. Topics such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, growth regulators, mineral nutrition, water relations, and stress physiology will be covered. [Offered in Fall of odd years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'BIOL', '003685', 'UG', 'Advanced Cell Biology', 'The functional organization of cells with particular reference to cell-cell interaction, the structure, function and development of organelles and the biological roles of cellular membranes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308 or 309; CHEM 233 or 237; (BIOL 308 or BIOL 309) and co-req CHEM 233 or CHEM 237 for Science and Business/Biotechnology Specialization or Honours Biotechnology/Economics or CS Honours Bioinformatics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'BIOL', '003691', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 1', 'Molecular biotechnology applies the principles of recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering, gene cloning) to the development of commercial products. The methods of recombinant DNA technology, molecular diagnostic systems for detecting diseases and transgenic organisms will be discussed. [Note: Recommended prerequisite BIOL 241. It is recommended that BIOL 342 be taken after completion of second year. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, BIOL 208/309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'BIOL', '003694', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology 1', 'An introduction to the basic theories, principles and techniques of environmental toxicology. A comparative study of the effects of specific groups of toxicants on ecosystems; biodegradation and cycling. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 102, CHEM 120, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'BIOL', '003696', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Environmental Aspects', 'A comparative study of salt and water balance, circulation, respiratory systems, nitrogenous excretion, and mechanisms of energy acquisition and metabolism in animals. Adaptations to different environments will be emphasized. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'BIOL', '003697', 'UG', 'Comparative Animal Physiology: Evolutionary Themes', 'A comparative study of neural, sensory, endocrine, digestive, and reproductive strategies across animal taxa. The emphasis will be on evolutionary themes at the organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110 or 211; BIOL 273', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477L', 'BIOL', '003698', 'UG', 'Techniques in Animal Physiology', 'Laboratory exercises and computer-based data collection to study the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, digestive, and excretory systems of vertebrates and invertebrate animals. Students will learn animal handling techniques, data collection with state of the art physiological equipment, and data analysis using computer software. Tutorials will allow students to investigate and discuss current animal physiology research topics in greater detail. [Formerly BIOL 374L. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: BIOL 370, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'BIOL', '003701', 'UG', 'Advanced Topics in Developmental Biology', 'This course explores the cellular and molecular basis of developmental phenomena in animals. Lectures will emphasize the experimental basis for both historical and contemporary knowledge with a focus on the major developmental systems in model organisms. Course content will concentrate on themes that permeate current published research. [Note: BIOL 208/309 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'BIOL', '003713', 'UG', 'Phycology', 'Algae and applied uses of algae. Topics include examination of algal groups from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Uses of algae in industry and food as well as negative impacts of various algal groups. [Notes: Offered in odd numbered years. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'BIOL', '003716', 'UG', 'Plant Molecular Genetics', 'An examination of the current molecular techniques used to study plant development physiology. Topics include mutant isolation, transcript and metabolite profiling, gene silencing and protein localization. [Note: BIOL 120 is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'BIOL', '003718', 'UG', 'Bacterial Molecular Genetics', 'Bacterial molecular biology with an emphasis on the use of genetic tools to study the biology of microorganisms. Topics include mutagenesis, conjugation, recombination, gene regulation, plasmids, transposons, bacteriophage and genomics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'BIOL', '003720', 'UG', 'Molecular Biotechnology 2', 'How recombinant DNA technology is used to produce vaccines, pharmaceuticals, crop plants, and other commercial products will be discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'BIOL', '003721', 'UG', 'Plant Biotechnology', 'Biotechnological approaches and their applications in plant genetic manipulation, transformation and cell culture for plant improvement, propagation, and biochemical production. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 120, 130, 239; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'BIOL', '003722', 'UG', 'Human Molecular Genetics', 'Recent advances in human molecular genetics will be examined with emphasis on how human disease-causing genes are mapped, identified, isolated and characterized. Examples will draw from research on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington disease, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer disease, cancer, vision defects and other disorders. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'BIOL', '003724', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology Techniques', 'Selected experiments to provide students with a range of laboratory skills in recombinant DNA technology. [Note: Students in the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Specialization are encouraged to take this course unless they have previous laboratory experience involving molecular biology techniques. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 240L. Coreq: BIOL 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'BIOL', '003727', 'UG', 'Molecular Biology of Animal Development', 'An examination of the current major issues in the regulation of gene expression during animal development with emphasis on technical and conceptual advances. Current research literature will be reviewed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 208/309, 303, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'BIOL', '003728', 'UG', 'Environmental and Natural Products Biochemistry', 'This course deals with the functions, distribution and environmental ramifications of natural compounds produced by plants and other biological systems. Natural products are those compounds usually described as secondary metabolites, i.e. those apparently non-essential products whose physiological and ecological functions are either obscure or are of peripheral importance to the organism. However, many of these non-essential products have profound competitive, economic and pharmacological significance; and as research proceeds, their physiological roles within the parent organisms are becoming clearer. As well, this course has a strong emphasis on how environmental chemical and physical processes impact on living organisms and their biochemistry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233 or 237; CHEM 264 or 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'BIOL', '003730', 'UG', 'Advances in Immunology', 'A survey of the recent advances in the vertebrate immune response; the cells and tissues of the lymphoid system; humoral and cell-mediated immunity; initiation and regulation of the immune response; the immune system and disease, emerging techniques used in immunology. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'BIOL', '003731', 'UG', 'Virology', 'A survey of viral structures, life cycles, and the interactions of viruses with their hosts. The laboratory component will include procedures used for viral detection and titration, as well as individual library research projects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241,308, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('443', 'BIOL', '003732', 'UG', 'Fermentation Biotechnology', 'Biology of industrial micro-organisms: fermentation systems; fermentation raw materials; downstream processing; biomass production; food fermentations; production of industrial chemicals, food additives, enzymes and other products by fermentation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'BIOL', '003733', 'UG', 'Bacterial Pathogenesis', 'A study of the bacteria involved in pathogenesis, their mode of infection, symptoms and prevention of diseases. The laboratory will focus on identification of bacterial isolates. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241, 341', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'BIOL', '003734', 'UG', 'Microorganisms in Foods', 'Food preservation, spoilage, poisoning and modern concepts in quality assurance programs are studied. The aim is to understand factors governing microbial changes in foods. Problem solving in the food industry is emphasized. Laboratory work will reflect current practices in quality control and testing. [Note: Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140L/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'BIOL', '003735', 'UG', 'Microbial Ecology and Diversity', 'Examples from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and plant- and animal-associated environments, will be used to illustrate the activities and diversity of microorganisms in these habitats. The importance of the ecological roles of microbes to aspects of agriculture, geochemistry, human biology, and the biology of extreme environments will be considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'BIOL', '003736', 'UG', 'Environmental Microbiology', 'A study of the environmental impact of microorganisms. Aspects of pollution, waste treatment, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, and nutrient cycling will be examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('448', 'BIOL', '003737', 'UG', 'Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry', 'A study of the physiology of microorganisms. Provides biochemical- and molecular-level detail on the diverse structures and metabolic functions of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal cells. Aspects of microbial growth, nutrition, and metabolism are examined in the context of how microorganisms develop diverse solutions for meeting essential requirements for life. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 140/240, 140/240L, 241, 308', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'BIOL', '003739', 'UG', 'Marine Biology', 'Ecological processes and evolutionary adaptation are explored in the world''s largest and most diverse ecosystems. The major ocean habitats will be characterized, stressing their importance as resources, moderators of climate and reservoirs of biodiversity. [Notes: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'BIOL', '003740', 'UG', 'Aquatic Ecology', 'Study of the structure and function of lake and stream ecosystems. The course emphasizes biological components and processes, but includes the origin and nature of lake and stream systems and the fundamentals of surface water chemistry and physics. Human influences, management options and current issues will be examined with readings and project work. [Note: Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150; One of BIOL 110, 120, 165', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'BIOL', '003741', 'UG', 'Quantitative Fisheries Biology', 'The practices of fisheries science including the effects of industrial fisheries on fish stocks; methods of capture, obtaining, using, and interpretation of vital statistics of fish stocks; population estimation; stock-recruitment; growth; mortality; and fecundity. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical information for making ecological inferences about the status of fish populations. [Note: Familiarity with linear regression is essential. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'BIOL', '003744', 'UG', 'Ecological Risk Assessment and Management', 'Examination of the use of scientific information characterizing the risks posed to the environment by anthropogenic stresses. Discussions will take place in the context of aquatic ecology and presume a background of standard aquatic toxicology methods. Methods for assessing risks, including environmental impact assessment, risk quotients, national, and international risk assessment paradigms, and cumulative effects assessment will be examined. Critical connections between assessment and management will also be discussed. [Offered: F of even years]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250, 354, STAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'BIOL', '003745', 'UG', 'Population Biology', 'The analysis of the structure and dynamics of plant and animal populations. Theoretical, mathematical and experimental approaches to the study of population ecology. [Note: Students are advised that this course involves computer and numerical applications. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'BIOL', '003746', 'UG', 'Analysis of Communities', 'A study of the organization, structure and development of communities with emphasis on vegetation change. Topics include: diversity, stability; succession; sampling procedures and multivariate analysis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; One of STAT 202, ECON 221, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'BIOL', '003748', 'UG', 'Evolution 1: Mechanisms', 'A study of the processes of evolution; the differentiation of populations and the origin of new forms of life. [Offered: F, W; online S]', 'Prereq: BIOL 139/239 or Level at least 3A Environment and Resource students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'BIOL', '003750', 'UG', 'Methods of Aquatic Ecology', 'An introduction to methods used to sample and characterize the ecological structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, including basic aspects of the abiotic environment. Field trips to lake and stream sites are combined with laboratory analysis of samples and data. While the main emphasis is on the techniques, the exercises also provide direct experience with some of the natural and anthropogenic variation observable in aquatic systems. [Note: Formerly BIOL 460L. Field Trip fee of $60 is required toward the cost of transportation.Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 350 or 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'BIOL', '003751', 'UG', 'Advanced Biostatistics', 'Advanced aspects of statistics and experimental design for biologists. Topics will include analysis of variance (factorial, hierarchical and blocking designs; fixed- and random-effects models); a-priori and a-posteriori comparisons; multivariate analysis of variance; analysis of covariance; multiple linear regression; multivariate statistics (indirect and direct gradient analysis). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: BIOL 361; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Antireq: (for Arts and Environmental Studies students) PSYCH 202, 391, STAT 322, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'BIOL', '003756', 'UG', 'Mammalian Reproduction', 'This course will provide an in-depth coverage of reproductive biology in a range of mammalian species. Emphasis will be on the principles underlying the regulation of key reproductive processes, from the whole animal to the molecular level. Topics will include applications of these principles to human and veterinary medicine, and ethical problems posed by some reproductive technologies. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'BIOL', '003762', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 1', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-$4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'BIOL', '003763', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 2', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490C', 'BIOL', '003765', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 3', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 491A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490D', 'BIOL', '003766', 'UG', 'Biology Field Course 4', 'A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic, and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario universities program in field biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278. Antireq: BIOL 490D/491B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498A', 'BIOL', '003770', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 1', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400 - $2500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498B', 'BIOL', '003771', 'UG', 'Short Biology Field Course 2', 'A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. \n[Note: Field trip fee: $400- $2500 A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]', 'Prereq: BIOL 110, 120; BIOL 150/250 or ENVS 200; STAT 202 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'BIOL', '003772', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'BIOL', '003773', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]', 'Prereq: Cumulative Major Average at least 73%; Honours Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Environmental Science - Ecology Specialization, Life Physics - Biophysics Specialization only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'CO', '003887', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Non-Specialist Level)', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms: simplex, cutting plane, and branch & bound; linear programming duality. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146. Antireq: CO 250, 255, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'CO', '003890', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models (Non-Specialist Level)', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 227, 250, 255, 352. Antireq: CO 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CO', '003891', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Enumeration', 'The algebra of formal power series. The combinatorics of the ordinary and exponential generating series. Lagrange''s implicit function theorem, applications to the enumeration of permutations, functions, trees and graphs. Integer partitions, geometric methods, enumerating linear transformations. Introduction to the pattern algebra, applications to the enumeration of strings. Lattice paths, Wiener-Hopf factorization. Enumeration under symmetries. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CO', '003892', 'UG', 'Coding Theory', 'A first course in error-correcting codes. Linear block codes, Hamming-Golay codes, and multiple error-correcting BCH codes are studied. Various encoding and decoding schemes are considered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 225 or 235 or 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'CO', '003893', 'UG', 'Introduction to Graph Theory', 'An introduction to some of the key topics in graph theory: connectivity, planarity, and matchings. Connectivity: Menger''s theorem, 3-connected graphs. Planarity: Kuratowski''s theorem, uniqueness of planar embeddings. Matchings: Review of Konig''s theorem, Tutte''s theorem. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'CO', '003895', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'A broad introduction to the field of optimization, discussing applications, and solution techniques. Mathematical models for real life applications; algorithms; aspects of computational complexity; geometry; linear programming duality, focusing on the development of algorithms. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of (MATH 106, MATH 114, MATH 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 136 or MATH 146; cumulative overall average of at least 60%. Antireq: CO 227, 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'CO', '003896', 'UG', 'Network Flow Theory', 'Review of linear programming. Shortest path problems. The max-flow min-cut theorem and applications. Minimum cost flow problems. Network simplex and primal-dual algorithms. Applications to problems of transportation, distribution, job assignments, and critical-path planning. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CO 250 or 255 or 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'CO', '003897', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization (Advanced Level)', 'Linear optimization: feasibility theorems, duality, the simplex algorithm. Discrete optimization: integer linear programming, cutting planes, network flows. Continuous optimization: local and global optima, feasible directions, convexity, necessary optimality conditions. [Note: CO 255 may be substituted for CO 250 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245, 237 or 247. Antireq: CO 227, 250, 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'CO', '003898', 'UG', 'Nonlinear Optimization', 'A course on the fundamentals of nonlinear optimization, including both the mathematical and the computational aspects. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for unconstrained and constrained problems. Convexity and its applications. Computational techniques and their analysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (One of CO 250, 255, 352) and MATH 128 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 138 or 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CO', '003899', 'UG', 'Deterministic OR Models', 'An applications-oriented course that illustrates how various mathematical models and methods of optimization can be used to solve problems arising in business, industry, and science. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CO 250 or 255 or 352. Antireq: CO 327', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'CO', '003901', 'UG', 'Mathematical Discovery and Invention', 'A course in problem solving. 100 problems are studied. Problems are taken mainly from the elementary parts of algebra, geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and probability. [Note: Offered in the spring term of even years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, MATH 106 or 136 or 146, MATH 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CO', '003902', 'UG', 'Algebraic Enumeration', 'The Lagrange Implicit Function Theorem, the MacMahon Master Theorem. Enumeration of planar triangulations. The transfer matrix method. Sieve methods, inclusion/exclusion, Mobius inversion. Polya enumeration, Enumeration of trees. Basic hypergeometric series, q-analogues, Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Asymptotic methods.', 'Prereq: CO 330; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'CO', '003903', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Designs', 'Pairwise orthogonal latin squares. Transversal designs and finite planes. Balanced incomplete block designs, group divisible designs, and pairwise balanced designs. Symmetric designs and Hadamard matrices. Recursive constructions. Wilson''s fundamental construction.', 'Prereq: PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'CO', '003906', 'UG', 'Topics in Combinatorics', 'An undergraduate seminar in combinatorics. The primary objective is to study current work in specific areas of combinatorics. Course content may vary from term to term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CO', '003907', 'UG', 'Topics in Graph Theory', 'An in-depth study of one or two topics in graph theory. Course content may vary from term to term. Topics may include planar graphs, extremal graph theory, directed graphs, enumeration, algebraic graph theory, probabilistic graph theory, connectivity, graph embedding, colouring problems.', 'Prereq: CO 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CO', '003908', 'UG', 'Graph Theory', 'Connectivity (Menger''s theorem, ear decomposition, and Tutte''s wheels theorem) and matchings (Hall''s theorem and Tutte''s theorem). Flows: integer and group-valued flows, the flow polynomial, the 6-flow theorem. Ramsey theory: upper and lower bounds, explicit constructions. External graph theory: Turan''s theorem, the Erdos-Gallai theorem. Probabilistic methods. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 342, MATH 235 or 245; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CO', '003909', 'UG', 'Algebraic Graph Theory', 'An introduction to the methods of and some interesting current topics in algebraic graph theory. Topics covered will include vertex-transitive graphs, eigenvalue methods, strongly regular graphs and may include graph homomorphisms, Laplacians or knot and link invariants.', 'Prereq: MATH 239 or 249, PMATH 336 or 346 or 347; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CO', '003910', 'UG', 'Combinatorial Optimization', 'Characterizations of optimal solutions and efficient algorithms for optimization problems over discrete structures. Topics include network flows, optimal matchings, T-joins and postman tours, matroid optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CO', '003911', 'UG', 'Integer Programming', 'Formulation of problems as integer linear programs. Solution by branch-and-bound and cutting plane algorithms. Introduction to the theory of valid inequalities and polyhedral combinatorics.', 'Prereq: CO 255 or 351; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CO', '003913', 'UG', 'Scheduling', 'An overview of practical optimization problems that can be posed as scheduling problems. Characterizations of optimal schedules. Simple and efficient combinatorial algorithms for easy problems. A brief overview of computational complexity, definition of P, NP, NP-complete and NP-hard. Integer programming formulations, the traveling salesman problem, heuristics, dynamic programming, and branch-and-bound approaches. Polynomial-time approximation algorithms. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'CO', '003914', 'UG', 'Introduction to Game Theory', 'A broad introduction to game theory and its applications to the modeling of competition and cooperation in business, economics, and society. Two-person games in strategic form and Nash equilibria. Extensive form games, including multi-stage games. Coalition games and the core. Bayesian games, mechanism design, and auctions.', 'Prereq: MATH 229 or 239 or 249 and (one of CO 227, 250, 255, 352)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CO', '003917', 'UG', 'Continuous Optimization', 'Numerical algorithms for nonlinear optimization. Newton, variable-metric, quasi-Newton and conjugate gradient methods. Obtaining derivatives. Convexity. Trust region methods. Constrained optimization including optimality conditions, sequential quadratic programming, interior point, and active set strategies.', 'Prereq: (CO 367 and one of CO 250, 352) or CO 255; Cumulative overall average of at least 80%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'CO', '003918', 'UG', 'History of Mathematics', 'An in-depth examination of the origins of mathematics, beginning with examples of Babylonian mathematics. Topics may include Pythagorean triples, solution of equations, estimation of pi, duplication of the cube, trisection of an angle, the Fibonacci sequence, the origins of calculus. [Note: Offered in the spring term of odd years.]', 'Prereq: MATH 135 or 145, 106 or 136 or 146, 138 or 148; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CO', '003920', 'UG', 'Reading in Combinatorics and Optimization', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'ANTH', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and M\u00e9tis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'INDG', '003945', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Indigenous Communities in Canada', 'An examination of First Nations and M\u00e9tis cultures and cultural development from the perspective of local Indigenous communities. The course will feature lectures, discussions, and occasional guest speakers representative of the wider Indigenous community.', 'Prereq: INDG 201. Antireq: ANTH 370, NATST 272', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CHE', '003949', 'UG', 'Equilibrium Stage Operations', 'Equilibrium between phases; the equilibrium stage concept. Cascades of stages with and without reflux; group methods and stage-by-stage approaches; graphical solutions. Applications in the separation of components by distillation, absorption, stripping, extraction and leaching. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHE', '003950', 'UG', 'Process Data Analysis', 'Introduction to statistical methods for analyzing and interpreting process data. Introduction to statistical ideas, probability theory, distribution theory, sampling theory, confidence intervals and significance tests. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CHE', '003951', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 1', 'Thermodynamics: work and heat as forms of energy. First law, internal energy and enthalpy. Heats of chemical and physical changes. Cycles and the second law, entropy. Spontaneity and equilibrium, free energies. Systems of variable composition, chemical equilibrium. Phase equilibrium and the phase rule. Ideal solutions, colligative properties. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: 2A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'CHE', '003952', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'Fundamentals of fluid flow. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and mechanical energy. Flow of fluids in conduits. Flow past immersed bodies. Flow through beds of solids, fluidization. Transportation and metering of fluids. Dimensional analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'CHE', '003953', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry 2', 'Thermodynamics: ideal solutions; non-ideal solutions, non-electrolytic and electrolytic solutions, phase equilibrium and phase diagrams, reaction equilibrium. Surface phenomena: surface tension, capillarity, properties of small particles, adsorption. Chemical kinetics: rate laws, reaction rates, mechanisms, catalysis, heterogeneous reactions. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: 2B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CHE', '003956', 'UG', 'Bioprocess Engineering', 'Review of elementary aspects of microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetic engineering. Introduction of biological systems for the production of commercial goods and services, e.g., foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fuels, diagnostics, waste treatment, and biomaterials. Introduction to design of bioprocess systems, including biosafety and sustainability. Development of reaction kinetics associated with biological systems. Quantification of metabolism. Development of material balances for key constituents in bioreactors operated in different modes, e.g., batch, fed-batch, continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), perfusion, recycle. Introduction to mass and heat transfer considerations for bioreactors. Dynamic simulation of cultures defined by ordinary differential equations. Introduction of downstream processes associated with biological systems and recovery of biological products. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CHE', '003957', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics', 'Review of fundamentals, including 2nd law and concepts of equilibrium, phase and reaction equilibria, fugacity, exergy. Thermodynamics applied to practical situations. Examples chosen from: fluid flow; power generation; refrigeration; air conditioning and water cooling; liquefaction of gases; equilibria in complex chemical reactions and separation processes; surface phenomena; electrochemical reactions; biological processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'CHE', '003960', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Engineering', 'Review of stoichiometry and chemical kinetics. Homogeneous reactors: isothermal operation; batch; semi-batch; continuous tank; plug flow reactor design. Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) in series; plug flow reactor with recycle. Multiple reactions in reactor networks. Temperature effects in adiabatic and non-isothermal reactors. Yield, selectivity and optimal operation of reactors. Heterogeneous catalysis and effectiveness factors in two-phase reactors. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: 3A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'CHE', '003962', 'UG', 'Electrochemical Engineering', 'Topics and applications of electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. Industrial process examples. Environmental aspects. Ionic equilibria. Laws of electrolysis. Theory of electrolytes. Transport properties of electrolytes. Reversible cell potentials. Irreversible electrode processes. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of corrosion. Common examples of corrosion. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('498', 'CHE', '003966', 'UG', 'Directed Research Project', 'Directed research project under the supervision of faculty members. Participation will give students experience in advanced research techniques, with valuable training for those potentially interested in graduate school or industrial research careers. Taken over and above normal course load. Good standing and permission of department required for registration. [Note: This course graded as CR/NCR. Offered: F, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'CHE', '003969', 'UG', 'Group Design Project and Symposium', 'Completion of the design project cycle started in CHE 482 and communication of the engineering design work. Submission of a written final report. Lecture-style technical presentation by group members. Poster-style technical presentation with group members available to discuss the project. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 482; 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'CHE', '003970', 'UG', 'Elective Research Project', 'A major undergraduate research project carried out as a technical elective (TE) under the supervision of a faculty member. An oral presentation of results and a written report are the minimum requirements. Other requirements may be set by the faculty supervisor or department. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CHE 398 or 399 or 498', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CHE', '003971', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 1', 'Introduction to basic methods and principles in chemical engineering. The fundamentals of engineering calculations (units and dimensions), behaviour of fluids, mass balances, processes, and process variables. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CHE', '003972', 'UG', 'Chemical Engineering Concepts 2', 'Development of chemical process analysis skills. Introduction to single- and multi-phase physical equilibria. Material and energy balances in reactive and non-reactive systems. Introduction to investigation and technical communication through laboratory experiments illustrating the physical principles discussed. (In the Winter term only: brief review of co-op fundamentals.) [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CHE', '003973', 'UG', 'Chemistry for Engineers', 'Chemical principles with applications in engineering. Stoichiometric calculations, properties of gases, properties of liquids and solutions, gas phase chemical equilibrium, ionic equilibrium in aqueous solution, oxidation-reduction reactions, chemical kinetics. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('514', 'CHE', '003997', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Petroleum Production', 'Fundamentals of surface chemistry, capillary pressure, and wettability. Petrophysics, measurement, and interpretation of electrical, capillary, and flow properties of reservoir rock. Hydrostatic pressure regimes and estimation of oil and gas reserves. Darcy''s law and modelling of steady-state and transient incompressible and compressible single-phase flow through porous media. Thermodynamics of petroleum fluids. Material balance for oil and gas reservoirs: subsurface withdrawal and primary production mechanisms. Oil well testing. Two-phase flow in oil reservoirs, relative permeability, Buckley-Leverett theory of linear water flooding and sweep efficiency. Introduction to enhanced oil recovery. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('522', 'CHE', '004002', 'UG', 'Advanced Process Dynamics and Control', 'State space methods. Sampled-data systems. Discrete systems. Transform methods. Multivariable control. Computer control. Closed-loop analysis. Design of controllers. Control of complex chemical systems. [Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'CHE', '004004', 'UG', 'Process Control Laboratory', 'Experiments on process dynamics, control, and simulation of processes. Time constant; step and frequency response; controller tuning; multivariable control strategies. Implementation using simulation systems, mainframe computer control, microcomputers. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('562', 'CHE', '004016', 'UG', 'Advanced Bioprocess Engineering', 'Application of process engineering principles to the design and operation of fermentation reactors which are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, brewing, and waste treatment industries. Aspects of mass transfer, heat transfer, mixing, and rheology with biochemical and biological constraints. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'CHE', '004018', 'UG', 'Food Process Engineering', 'Applications of unsteady and steady state heat and/or mass transfer operations to processing natural and texturized foods. Design and analysis of sterilization, low temperature preservation, concentration, separation and purification processes. Effects of formulation, additives and processing on organoleptic and nutritional quality. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4B Chemical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('572', 'CHE', '004021', 'UG', 'Air Pollution Control', 'Nature and sources of air pollutants. Transport of pollutants and dispersion modeling for regulatory purposes. Design of industrial particulate capture systems using cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, filters, scrubbers. Design of organic compound emissions control using incineration, biofiltration, adsorption and absorption. Overview of NOx and SOx control. Indoor air quality assessment techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'CHE', '004023', 'UG', 'Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control', 'Primary focus is on the control and treatment of inorganic aqueous waste from chemical process industries. Waste minimization methods with specific examples such as rinsewater circuit design. Principles and design of treatment methods: chemical treatment, precipitation, coagulation and flocculation, ion exchange and membrane separation. Treatment of organic aqueous waste. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical or Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'CHEM', '004029', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry for Engineering', 'Bonding, structure, and nomenclature in organic chemistry. Physical properties and simple reactions associated with the important functional groups. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: One of BME 186, CHE 102, NE 121; Engineering students only. Coreq: CHEM 262L (for Chemical Engineering students only). Antireq: CHEM 264, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262L', 'CHEM', '004030', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory for Engineering Students', 'Selected experiments for engineering students taking CHEM 262. [Offered: F,W]', 'Coreq: CHEM 262 (for Engineering students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'CHEM', '004036', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 1', 'The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 120L. Successful completion of Grade 12 U Calculus and Vectors and Grade 12 U Chemistry or equivalent courses is recommended; Offered: F, W]', 'Antireq: CHEM 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120L', 'CHEM', '004037', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F,S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 120. Antireq: CHEM 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'CHEM', '004038', 'UG', 'Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter', 'A first-year Chemistry course for students in Chemistry-based programs. The stoichiometry of compounds and chemical reactions. Properties of gases. Periodicity and chemical bonding. Energy changes in chemical systems. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules; correlation with the chemical reactivity of common elements, inorganic and organic compounds. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: CHEM 120', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'CHEM', '004039', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 121. This course is an introduction to the chemistry laboratory environment and focuses on the development of basic lab skills. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 120L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'CHEM', '004040', 'UG', 'General Chemistry 2', 'Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Note: Science students must also take CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or CHE 102. Antireq: CHEM 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123L', 'CHEM', '004041', 'UG', 'General Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments based on introductory-level chemistry topics. This course is a continuation of CHEM 120L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Note: Students who are not taking, or who have not previously taken CHEM 123, will be removed from CHEM 123L; Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120L. Coreq: CHEM 123. Antireq: CHEM 125L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'CHEM', '004044', 'UG', 'Chemical Reactions, Equilibria and Kinetics', 'A first-year chemistry course for students in chemistry-based programs. Properties of liquids and solutions. Introduction to chemical equilibria. Principles of acid-base equilibria, solubility, and electrochemical processes. Chemical kinetics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121. Antireq: CHEM 123', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125L', 'CHEM', '004045', 'UG', 'Chemical Reaction Laboratory 2', 'Selected experiments for student taking CHEM 125. This course is a continuation of CHEM 121L, with increased emphasis on assessment of experimental design. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 121L. Coreq: CHEM 125. Antireq: CHEM 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'CHEM', '004048', 'UG', 'Structure and Bonding', 'An introduction to the principles of chemical structure and bonding, with emphasis on their application to inorganic systems. Topics include atoms, orbitals, and periodicity; localized bonding models; symmetry and group theory; and molecular orbital theory. The subjects treated in this course are foundational components for advanced studies in all areas of chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'CHEM', '004052', 'UG', 'Intro Analytical Chemistry', 'Quantitative and analytical chemistry including ionic equilibria, classical and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220L', 'CHEM', '004053', 'UG', 'Quantitative Chemical Analysis Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 220. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry, Materials and Nanosciences, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (Biochemistry) students only. Coreq: CHEM 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CHEM', '004054', 'UG', 'Multi-Component Analysis', 'Instrumental analytical chemistry, including traditional and more recent methods. Emphasis on planning and decision-making in the analytical process. [Offered W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220, 220L. Antireq: CHEM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224L', 'CHEM', '004058', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation Laboratory', 'Extensive lab experience for students who have taken CHEM 220. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 220 and CHEM 220L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geochemistry or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('233', 'CHEM', '004060', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Biochemistry', 'Chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, with special emphasis on representative proteins and enzymes, including hemoglobin, cytochrome c and chymotrypsin. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264 or 262; Honours Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science or Medicinal Chemistry. Antireq: CHEM 237, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CHEM', '004061', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry', 'An introduction to the chemistry of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Structure and properties of proteins and enzymes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266. Antireq: CHEM 233, CHEM 239, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237L', 'CHEM', '004062', 'UG', 'Introductory Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 237. [Offered: W, S]', 'Coreq: CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250L', 'CHEM', '004063', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'This laboratory provides an introduction to physical chemistry experimentation. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics and employ a variety of important techniques, including spectroscopy, conductivity, and calorimetry. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 140; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'CHEM', '004064', 'UG', 'Introductory Chemical Thermodynamics', 'An introduction to the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics and the application of these laws to ideal systems, mixtures, and chemical reactions. Thermodynamic principles are used to study changes in state, including phase changes, and to establish the link between the equilibrium constant and the properties of the substances involved in a chemical reaction. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; One of MATH 128, 138, 148; Honours students only. Antireq: PHYS 358, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'CHEM', '004067', 'UG', 'Introductory Quantum Mechanics', 'Historical background; the differential equation approach to quantum mechanics; treatments of solvable problems such as the particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and the hydrogen atom; introduction to approximation methods for more complicated systems. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 240, MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: PHYS 234', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'CHEM', '004068', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure and bonding in organic chemistry. Isomerism and stereoisomerism in organic compounds. Acidity of organic compounds and substituent effects on acidity. Reaction mechanisms and energetics. Chemistry of alkanes, haloalkanes, alcohols and ethers, alkenes and alkynes. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or CHEM 125; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 262, 266, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CHEM', '004069', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 2', 'Nucleophilic addition and substitution at CO carbon. Aromaticity and simple MO theory of conjugated systems. Electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Applications of spectroscopic techniques in organic chemistry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 264; Honours students only. Antireq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265L', 'CHEM', '004070', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 265. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or CHEM 125L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, or Science and Business (BIOCHEM) students only. Coreq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266', 'CHEM', '004071', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 1', 'Structure, nomenclature, and reactions of important classes of organic compounds. Stereochemistry and its role in reaction mechanisms. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125. Antireq: CHEM 262, 264, NE 122/222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('266L', 'CHEM', '004072', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking (or who have taken) CHEM 266. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L. Coreq: CHEM 266', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267', 'CHEM', '004073', 'UG', 'Basic Organic Chemistry 2', 'A continuation of the concepts of CHEM 266, including material on amines, aromatics, enols and enolates, and nucleophilic addition and substitution at the carbonyl group. Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 262, 264, 266, NE 122/222. Antireq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('267L', 'CHEM', '004074', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students taking CHEM 267. [Note: Lab alternate weeks. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 266L. Coreq: CHEM 267', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'CHEM', '004078', 'UG', 'Transition Element Compounds and Inorganic Materials', 'The inorganic, organic, and solid state chemistry of the d-block elements. The structure and physical properties of co-ordination compounds and transition metal containing solids. The role of transition metal organometallics in catalysis. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310L', 'CHEM', '004079', 'UG', 'Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'Synthesis of transition and non-transition metal compounds. Characterization of compounds using IR, UV-VIS, and NMR spectroscopy. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123L or 125L, CHEM 212; Honours Chemistry, Chemical Physics, or Medicinal Chemistry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'CHEM', '004083', 'UG', 'Main Group and Solid State Chemistry', 'This course provides a detailed examination of the structure and bonding in main group and solid state compounds, including valence bond and molecular orbital theory for describing electronic structures, Hueckel and extended Hueckel approximations. Structures of simple solids, including close packing of spheres and derived ionic lattice types; aspects of chemical crystallography, Bravais lattices, point groups, space groups, crystal planes, and X-ray diffraction; Ionic interactions in gases and solution; the thermodynamics of acid-base interactions; descriptive chemistry and characterization of main group element compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 212; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'CHEM', '004089', 'UG', 'Analytical Instrumentation', 'Detailed study of selected instruments and instrumental methods. Introduction to chemometrics and to computer interfacing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 221 or 223; CHEM 224L; Level at least 3A Honours Science programs', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'CHEM', '004091', 'UG', 'Metabolism 1', 'Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHEM 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335L', 'CHEM', '004092', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory', 'Selected experiments for students having completed or concurrently taking CHEM 331. Topics to be covered include: NMR, allostery, enzymology, electrophoresis, carbohydrates, lipids, photosynthesis, and respiration. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 233L. Coreq: CHEM 331 or 333; CHEM 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'CHEM', '004093', 'UG', 'Chemical Kinetics', 'Basic chemical kinetics; treatment of kinetic data; complex reaction mechanisms; fast reactions; the canonical ensemble and the canonical partition function; statistical mechanics applied to chemistry; statistical theory of reaction rates. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; One of CHEM 240, MATH 227, MATH 228; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350L', 'CHEM', '004094', 'UG', 'Physical Chemistry Laboratory 2', 'This advanced laboratory builds upon fundamental knowledge of physical chemistry gained in the introductory physical chemistry laboratory, CHEM 250L. The experiments are designed to illustrate the principles and theories of thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, and quantum mechanics. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 250L; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'CHEM', '004101', 'UG', 'Physical Biochemistry', 'The use of diffusion, ultracentrifugation, osmotic pressure, electrophoresis and X-ray diffraction to study the properties of biopolymers. Hyperbolic and allosteric enzyme kinetics, inhibition, and regulation. Some spectroscopies important to the life sciences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123 or 125, MATH 128; One of CHEM 233, 237, NE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CHEM', '004107', 'UG', 'Organic Chemistry 3', 'Enolate alkylation, condensation, conjugate addition and pericyclic reactions. FMO theory, organometallics and transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265; Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360L', 'CHEM', '004108', 'UG', 'Senior Organic Chemistry Laboratory', 'Selected microscale synthetic experiments for students in Year Three Chemistry and Biochemistry programs, including spectroscopic identification of organic compounds. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265, 265L; Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, or Medicinal Chemistry students only. Coreq: CHEM 360', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CHEM', '004110', 'UG', 'Organic Process Chemistry', 'This course is an introduction to the important aspects of Process Chemistry for the industrial production of pharmaceutically active organic compounds. Topics covered include: industrial organic synthesis and process design, scaling to kilogram quantities, green chemistry principles, process safety and hazard identification, industrial separation and purification, and meeting quality guidelines and regulations. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'CHEM', '004116', 'UG', 'Research Project 1', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'CHEM', '004117', 'UG', 'Research Project 2', 'This course is only for exchange students wishing to carry out a research project.', 'Prereq: CHEM 392A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'CHEM', '004119', 'UG', 'Physicochemical Aspects of Natural Waters', 'Properties of water; chemicals in the environment; environmental fate of inorganic and organic pollutants; basic phenomena affecting the fate of water pollutants (vapor pressure; activity, solubility, partitioning, diffusion, sorption); acids and bases in water; dissolved carbon dioxide; trace metals in water. [Offered: F or W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 120, 123 or CHEM 121, 125; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'CHEM', '004150', 'UG', 'Metabolism 2', 'Properties and metabolism of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and biogenic amines. Biosynthesis and mode of action of selected cofactors. Structure-function relationships of enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'CHEM', '004151', 'UG', 'Advanced Biochemistry', 'Nitrogen fixation. Assimilation of nitrogen. Amino acid metabolism. Metabolic regulation. Proteolytic enzymes, ubiquitin. Blood coagulation. Signal transduction and amplification. Biochemistry of nitric oxide. Biochemistry of vision. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CHEM', '004152', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Biochemistry', 'For a current list of offerings see the Undergraduate Officer. [Note: Instructor may elect to use the third lecture hour for a tutorial or not at all; Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CHEM 331 or CHEM 333; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'CHEM', '004182', 'UG', 'Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry', 'Elucidation and identification of organic structures by contemporary spectroscopic techniques. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 265', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CHEM', '004190', 'UG', 'Introduction to Polymer Science', 'Basic definitions and polymer nomenclature, molecular weight distributions and averages, molecular weight measurements, step-growth and free radical chain-growth polymerization reactions, chain conformations, glass transition, crystallization, and mechanical properties of polymers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHEM 254; CHEM 265 or 267. Antireq: CHE 541, MNS 322, NE 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('494A', 'CHEM', '004194', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'Laboratory work on a senior year research project. Enrolment into this course requires permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator. See the CHEM 494 coordinator for course details. No credit or grade will be provided for this course until the two-term sequence CHEM 494A/B has been completed. CHEM 494A/B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the CHEM 494 co-ordinator.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Biochemistry, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Geochemistry, or Materials & Nanosciences, or Medicinal Chemistry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'CHINA', '004201', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no prior background in writing, speaking, or understanding any dialect of the Chinese language to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: CHINA 101R is not open to speakers of any Chinese dialect.]', 'Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'CHINA', '004202', 'UG', 'First-Year Chinese 2', 'With the completion of the study of the rudiments of phonetics (as provided in CHINA 101R), the emphasis in this course shifts to grammar and character writing. Vocabulary will be expanded to between 500 and 700 words. [Note: CHINA 102R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CHINA 101R. Antireq: CHINA 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'CHINA', '004203', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 1', 'Development of speaking, writing, reading, and listening skills. This course and its follow-up (CHINA 202R) include a survey of grammar, complex sentences, and logical stress.', 'Prereq: CHINA 102R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'CHINA', '004204', 'UG', 'Second-Year Chinese 2', 'The study of Chinese characters receives more emphasis. Grammar instruction includes comparisons and different kinds of complements. The course includes topics of interest to students illustrating cultural differences between China and the West. Upon completion of CHINA 201R and 202R, the student should have a reading vocabulary of 1,600 Chinese characters and have learned about 300 key sentence patterns.', 'Prereq: CHINA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'CIVE', '004211', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 1', 'Three-dimensional force systems, moments, couples, and resultants. Three-dimensional equilibrium problems. Shear stresses in beams. Plastic bending. Beam deflection. Torsion of shafts and thin-walled closed sections. Shear, bending moment, and deflection diagrams for beams. Compound stress and stress transformations. Design concepts. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering or 2B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CIVE', '004212', 'UG', 'Solid Mechanics 2', 'Frames, arches and suspended structures. Stress and strain transformations. Strain energy. Energy methods. Virtual work. Buckling of columns. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 204, 221; 2B Civil Engineering or 3A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'CIVE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'GEOE', '004214', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Differentiation; partial derivatives of implicit and explicit functions, applications including optimizations. Integration; multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems with applications. Vector calculus; vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals, and applications. Numerical integration and differentiation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: MATH 217, ENVE 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'CIVE', '004215', 'UG', 'Differential Equations', 'An introduction to linear and partial differential equations. Standard methods of solution, applications to physical and engineering problems, linear equations with constant coefficients, basic systems of differential equations, partial differential equations. Applications. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 221; 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: MATH 218, ENVE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'CIVE', '004219', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Data analysis. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Estimation theory. Empirical determination of distribution models. Regression analysis. Introduction to risk. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Civil Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, ENVE 224, GEOE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'CIVE', '004221', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'A basic course in structure, behaviour, and uses of engineering materials. Topics include monotonic and cyclic stress-strain behaviour of metals. Phase diagrams. Diffusion, nucleation and growth of grains. Metallurgy and mechanical properties of irons and steels. Structure and mechanical properties of wood, cements, and concrete. Fracture, fatigue, and corrosion. Three lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 2A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'CIVE', '004222', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics', 'An introduction to fluid mechanics. Fluid properties. Review of fluid statics. Buoyancy. Bernoulli equation. The momentum equation and applications. Laminar and turbulent flow. Dimensionless numbers. Closed conduit flow including friction losses. Pipe network analysis. Pump systems. Four lab sessions. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105, 221; Level at least 2B Civil Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 280', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'CIVE', '004227', 'UG', 'Structural Analysis', 'Analysis of statically indeterminate structures using force and displacement methods. Influence lines for indeterminate structures. Introduction to the matrix stiffness method. Computer applications using commercial structural analysis software. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'CIVE', '004228', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Solids 3', 'Membrane stresses in shells. Buckling. Beams on elastic foundations. Plane elasticity. Torsion of non-circular sections. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 205; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'CIVE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: CIVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Civil Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'GEOE', '004233', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 1', 'An introduction to geologic processes. Subsurface exploration. Classification systems. Weight-volume relationships. Soil mechanics principles including state of stress, ground water flow, consolidation and shear strength. Four lab sessions. [Offered as: CIVE 353 (W), GEOE 353 (S)]', 'Prereq: GEOE 153 or ENVE 153 or (EARTH 121, 121L); (Level at least 3A Environmental or Geological Engineering) or (Level at least 3A Earth Science/Hydrogeology Specialization)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'CIVE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'GEOE', '004234', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 2', 'Foundation engineering. Earth pressure theories. Retaining walls. Anchors. Shallow and deep foundations. Braced trenches and excavations. Slope stability. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: GEOE 353; Level at least 3B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'CIVE', '004235', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Principles', 'Water quality, air pollution, fate and transport of contaminants in natural and engineered systems, and pollution prevention. Solid and hazardous waste management. Water and wastewater treatment systems and design principles. Four lab sessions. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, (CIVE 280 or GEOE 280); Level at least 3A Civil or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'CIVE', '004238', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students must undertake an independent civil engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a civil engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (CIVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, oral presentation, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, CIVE 401. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'CIVE', '004239', 'UG', 'Civil Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of CIVE 400. The final design of the major civil engineering project proposed in CIVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in CIVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('505', 'CIVE', '004242', 'UG', 'Structural Dynamics', 'Dynamics of discrete and continuous structures. Free and forced vibrations of single and multi-degree of freedom systems. Shock loads, earthquake loads, response spectra. Analysis and design of frames for shock and earthquake loads. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (AE 303 or CIVE 303), (AE 223 or CIVE 222); Level at least 3B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('507', 'CIVE', '004243', 'UG', 'Building Science and Technology', 'The building process. Loadings; gravity, wind, thermal, moisture, and fire. Enclosure design; walls, windows, and roof. Subgrade construction. Energy related considerations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Architectural Engineering or 4B Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('413', 'CIVE', '004244', 'UG', 'Structural Steel Design', 'Advanced coverage of design of structural steel members and connections, building on CIVE 310. Design of laterally-unsupported beams, compression members and beam-columns. Plate girders. Connections. Special topics in design of structural steel or other metals. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'CIVE', '004245', 'UG', 'Structural Concrete Design', 'Advanced analysis and design of concrete members for flexure. Beam shear analysis and design. D-region shear design. Column design. Special topics. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: AE 310 or CIVE 310; Level at least 4A Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'CIVE', '004246', 'UG', 'Structural System Design', 'Building loads. Lateral load systems. Floor systems for buildings. Composite construction. Introduction to bridge design. Special topics.[Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (AE 310 or CIVE 310), CIVE 413, 414; 4B Architectural or Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'CIVE', '004247', 'UG', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'This course focuses on the development of the basic fundamentals of finite element method with applications in fluid flow, mass transport, solid mechanics and structures. Topics include discrete problems, matrix methods, variational principle, method of weighted residuals, element shapes, and interpolation functions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: AE 223 or CIVE 222 or ENVE 223 or GEOE 223; 4B Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering. Antireq: ME 559.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'CIVE', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 241; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'PLAN', '004249', 'UG', 'Transit Planning and Operations', 'The historical evolution of transit in cities; the technological innovations which made transit possible; and transit mode definitions. Models of transit vehicle motion are presented; transit travel times under different travel regimes are derived. Transit scheduling methods are shown. System operational characteristics are defined and quantitative measures of effectiveness are introduced. Transit network planning objectives are identified; actual geometries are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Transit ownership structures and economics are discussed; contemporary ITS applications are presented. Methods for selecting appropriate transit modes are covered. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 342 or ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('542', 'CIVE', '004250', 'UG', 'Pavement Structural Design', 'Pavement design, soil identification, subgrade design, base courses, flexible pavement design, design and testing of asphaltic concrete mixes, surface treatments. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353; Level at least 3B Civil or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'CIVE', '004251', 'UG', 'Traffic Simulation Modelling and Applications', 'Fundamental knowledge on the principles and applications of traffic simulations. System theory, traffic flow dynamics, stochastic simulation methods. Calibration and validation of simulation models, and interpretation and analysis of simulation output. Applications of state-of-the-art computer simulation software packages for solving real traffic engineering problems, involving scenario analysis, prediction, and optimization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: CIVE 224, 341; Level at least 3B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'CIVE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('554', 'GEOE', '004252', 'UG', 'Geotechnical Engineering 3', 'Simulation of geotechnical consulting practice. Students are required to complete several projects, based on actual case studies, which require problem identification, evaluation of geotechnical data, analysis, design, and report preparations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 353, 354; Level at least 4A Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('574', 'ME', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Biomedical, Mechanical, Mechatronics, or Systems Design Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'CIVE', '004253', 'UG', 'Engineering Biomechanics', 'Introduction to engineering technologies applicable to the field of biomechanics. Specific topics covered may include biological growth, form and function; biomaterials; kinematics and neurology of gait; biotribology; joint anatomy, function and repair; occupational biomechanics; trauma prevention. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 105 or ME 219 or SYDE 286', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'CIVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CIVE 382; 4B Civil Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('583', 'ENVE', '004257', 'UG', 'Design of Urban Water Systems', 'Design of water supply and distribution systems. Design of waste and storm water collection systems. Storm water management. The course consists of 24 hours of lectures and a subdivision design project. The emphasis is on computer aided design and sustainability, using commonly used software packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 382; 4B Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'CIVE', '004259', 'UG', 'Engineering Law and Ethics', 'Background (Charter of Rights and Freedoms), contracts, torts (negligent malpractice), forms of carrying on business, professional practice (professional engineers act, joint practice rules, professional misconduct and sexual harassment), alternate dispute resolution, construction liens, intellectual property (patents, trade marks, copyrights and industrial designs), labour relations and employment law, environmental law. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 4A Civil Engineering. Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, BUS 231W, COMM 231, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'CIVE', '004261', 'UG', 'Construction Engineering', 'Topics in construction engineering and management including methods of delivering construction, contractual relationships, prevailing construction practices, construction equipment, concrete form design, concrete, steel, and masonry construction, introduction to trenchless technology, construction safety, planning and scheduling of repetitive construction, cash flow analysis, and construction project control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CLAS', '004262', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Classical Studies', 'An introduction to Greek and Roman civilization, focusing on six key aspects of the discipline of classical studies: history, literature, philosophy, myth and religion, art and architecture, and classical archaeology.', 'Prereq: No more than 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'CLAS', '004266', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Greece', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Greece. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, culture wars, sports, art, myth, and history, to sex, slavery, and social justice.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'CLAS', '004267', 'UG', 'Love, Life, and Death in Rome', 'This course surveys how different people gave meaning to their lives in ancient Roman world. It will cover topics ranging from personal identities, family roles, myth, and history, to sex scandals, slavery, gladiatorial games, and mystery cults.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CLAS', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'HIST', '004278', 'UG', 'Greek History', 'A survey of ancient Greek history, from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'CLAS', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'HIST', '004279', 'UG', 'Roman History', 'A survey of ancient Roman history, from the Republic to the Empire, emphasizing particularly its political and military aspects.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'CLAS', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'MEDVL', '004280', 'UG', 'Medieval Society', 'A survey of Medieval civilization featuring such topics as the individual, political institutions, art, architecture, religion, philosophy, literature, social life, and leisure activities.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'CLAS', '004287', 'UG', 'Sex and Gender in the Ancient World', 'This course examines a variety of issues around sexuality and gender relations in antiquity, including sexual mores and behaviours; literary, artistic, and philosophical constructs of gender; the roots of misogyny; and the legal and social restrictions placed on women in most ancient societies.', 'Prereq: One course in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'CLAS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'RS', '004290', 'UG', 'Greek and Roman Religion', 'An examination of the religious beliefs and cult practices of the classical world. Topics include prayer and sacrifice; divination and oracles; temples, priests, and festivals; mystery cults and their relation to Christianity. [Note: This course fulfills an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 100, 104, 201, 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'CLAS', '004300', 'UG', 'Science and Technology of Ancient Greece and Rome', 'A study of scientific thought and achievements in such areas as astronomy, biology, anatomy, and medicine, and of the technological skills which produced and distributed raw materials, manufactured goods, and agricultural products.', 'Prereq: One of CLAS 201, 202, 251, 252 or a first year Engineering course or a first year CHEM/EARTH/PHYS course or a second year BIOL/SCI course', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'CLAS', '004301', 'UG', 'Classical Studies Abroad', 'This course features a combination of academic study and first-hand investigation of museums and ancient sites, normally in Greece and/or Italy. [Note: This is a concentrated study course (block format) normally offered in a spring term. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. This course incurs extra costs for the student above and beyond the registration fee in the form of travel, room and board, and incidental costs.]', 'Prereq: At least 1.5 units in CLAS and/or GRK and/or LAT', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'CLAS', '004315', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Students wishing to undertake a senior honours thesis in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'CLAS', '004316', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'Continuation of the Senior Honours Thesis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CLAS', '004317', 'UG', 'Directed Study', 'Under exceptional circumstances, and only with the prior approval of the department, a student may substitute an individualized course of study at the senior level. Such circumstances might include, for example, the student''s participation in an approved archaeological dig. For further details, consult the department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'CROAT', '004344', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 1', 'For students with little or no knowledge of Croatian. The basic elements of Croatian grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation.\n[Note: CROAT 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'CROAT', '004346', 'UG', 'Elementary Croatian 2', 'A continuation of CROAT 101. [Note: CROAT 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: CROAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'CS', '004360', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computing Through Applications', 'Using personal computers as effective problem solving tools for the present and the future. Effective use of spreadsheets to process, manipulate, and visualize numeric and textual information. Introduction to the Internet, World Wide Web, HTML, and XML. Algorithms underlying the functional components of web search engines and their influence on data access. Using wikis to publish, reshape, and organize data collaboratively. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Mathematics,Biomedical,Chemical,Civil,Computer & Electrical,Environmental,Geological,Management,Mechanical,Mechatronics,Nanotechnology & Systems Design Eng students. Antireq: All second,third or fourth year CS courses or equivalents', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'CS', '004372', 'UG', 'Concepts for Advanced Computer Usage', 'Important concepts underlying major personal computer application categories; methodologies for learning and evaluating software; operating system and hardware design from the user''s point of view, with implications for maintaining a personal computer. Students are encouraged to use their own personal computer for assignments. Social media and the effect of technology on society are explored throughout the course. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Computer Science students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'CS', '004374', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computers and Computer Systems', 'Basic computer architecture, organization, system services, and software. Typology of processors, memory, I/O devices, and their performance. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 292/393, CS 241, 251, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'CS', '004375', 'UG', 'Data Types and Structures', 'Top-down design of data structures. Using representation-independent data types. Introduction to commonly used data types, including lists, sets, mappings, and trees. Selection of data representation. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 116, 136, 138, 146; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: BME 122, CS 240, ECE 250, MSCI 240, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'CS', '004377', 'UG', 'Data Structures and Data Management', 'Introduction to widely used and effective methods of data organization, focusing on data structures, their algorithms, and the performance of these algorithms. Specific topics include priority queues, sorting, dictionaries, data structures for text processing. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212), (one of CS 241, 246, 247), (one of STAT 206, 230, 240); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 122, CS 234, ECE 250, MTE 140, SYDE 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CS', '004378', 'UG', 'Foundations of Sequential Programs', 'The relationship between high-level languages and the computer architecture that underlies their implementation, including basic machine architecture, assemblers, specification and translation of programming languages, linkers and loaders, block-structured languages, parameter passing mechanisms, and comparison of programming languages. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. CS 251 is a recommended corequisite. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (CS 138 or 246) or (a grade of 85% or higher in one of CS 136 or 146); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 230, ECE 351', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'CS', '004380', 'UG', 'Object-Oriented Software Development', 'Introduction to object-oriented programming and to tools and techniques for software development. Designing, coding, debugging, testing, and documenting medium-sized programs: reading specifications and designing software to implement them; selecting appropriate data structures and control structures; writing reusable code; reusing existing code; basic performance issues; debuggers; test suites. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 146 or a grade of 60% or higher in CS 136 or 138; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CS 247, MSCI 342, SYDE 322', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'CS', '004382', 'UG', 'Computer Organization and Design', 'Overview of computer organization and performance. Basics of digital logic design. Combinational and sequential elements. Data representation and manipulation. Basics of processor design. Pipelining. Memory hierarchies. Multiprocessors. [Note: Students enrolled in Digital Hardware Specialization should enrol in ECE 222. Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 136, 138, 146; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: BME 292/393, ECE 222, ME 262, MTE 262, SYDE 192', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'STAT', '004384', 'UG', 'Introduction to Statistical Problem Solving', 'This is an applications oriented course which prepares the nonmathematical student to use statistical software as a research tool. Topics include aids for statistical analysis and the preparation of documents such as reports and theses. The course provides sufficient background for application to other problems specific to the individual''s field. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, SDS 250R, KIN 232, PSCI 214/314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC/LS 280, any STAT course; Not open to Honours Mathematics students. Antireq: STAT 331, 371', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'CS', '004385', 'UG', 'Management Information Systems', 'An introduction to information systems and their strategic role in business. Topics include types of information systems, organizational requirements, systems development strategies, decision support systems, data and information management, and information systems management, control and implementation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 106, 116, 136, 138, 146; Level at least 2B; Not open to\nComputer Science students. Antireq: AFM 241, BUS 415W, 486W, CS 480/490,\nMSCI 441', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'CS', '004390', 'UG', 'Computer Applications in Business: Databases', 'A user-oriented approach to the management of large collections of data. Methods used for the storage, selection, and presentation of data. Common database management systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 231, 234, 246, 330; or (AFM 341 and (CS 116 or CS 136 or CS 146)); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 348, 448, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'CS', '004392', 'UG', 'Algorithms', 'The study of efficient algorithms and effective algorithm design techniques. Program design with emphasis on pragmatic and mathematical aspects of program efficiency. Topics include divide and conquer algorithms, recurrences, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, graph search and backtrack, problems without algorithms, NP-completeness and its implications. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Antireq: CS 231, ECE 406', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'CS', '004398', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Theory of Computing', 'Models of computers including finite automata and Turing machines. Basics of formal languages with applications to the syntax of programming languages. Alternate characterizations of language classes. Proving unrecognizability. Unsolvable problems and their relevance to the semantics of programming. [Note: Enrolment is restricted; see Note 1 above. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240, 241 and (MATH 239 or 249); Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 365', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'CS', '004400', 'UG', 'Numerical Computation', 'Principles and practices of basic numerical computation as a key aspect of scientific computation. Visualization of results. Approximation by splines, fast Fourier transforms, solution of linear and nonlinear equations, differential equations, floating point number systems, error, stability. Presented in the context of specific applications to image processing, analysis of data, scientific modeling. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148), (one of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146), (one of CS 231, 234, 241, 246). Antireq: AMATH 242/CS 371, CHE 121, CIVE 121, CS 335, ECE 204, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430', 'CS', '004404', 'UG', 'Applications Software Engineering', 'An investigation into the role and function of software engineering practice in the construction of computer based systems. Topics include: requirements and specification; documentation techniques; analysis and design; implementation; testing and maintenance; management issues. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 330; Level at least 3A; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 446/ECE 452, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'CS', '004407', 'UG', 'Networks and Distributed Computer Systems', 'An introduction to networks, protocols, and distributed systems. Layered models, resource management, naming, addressing and routing, reliable communication, security, and higher-level services. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of CS 230, 241, 246, 251; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 454, 456, ECE 428, 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'STAT', '004408', 'UG', 'Stochastic Simulation Methods', 'Random variate generation in the univariate and multivariate case, Monte Carlo integration, advanced computer implementation, variance reduction, statistical analysis of simulated data, extensions to challenging simulation problems. Mathematical treatment of the underlying stochastic concepts and proofs. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of CS 116, 136, 138, 145, SYDE 221/322) and (STAT 230 with a grade of at least 60% or STAT 240) and (STAT 231 or 241)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'CS', '004410', 'UG', 'Principles of Programming Languages', 'An exposure to important concepts and issues in contemporary programming languages. Data types, abstraction, and polymorphism. Program structure. Lambda calculus and functional programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming. Semantics of programming languages. Critical comparison of language features and programming methodologies using examples drawn from a variety of programming languages including Lisp, Prolog, ML, Ada, Smalltalk, Icon, APL, and Lucid. Programming assignments involve the use of some of these languages. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'CS', '004412', 'UG', 'Compiler Construction', 'Phases of compilation. Lexical analysis and a review of parsing. Compiler-compilers and translator writing systems. LEX and YACC. Scope rules, block structure, and symbol tables. Runtime stack management. Parameter passage mechanisms. Stack storage organization and templates. Heap storage management. Intermediate code. Code generation. Macros. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('445', 'CS', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'ECE', '004413', 'UG', 'Software Requirements Specification and Analysis', 'Introduces students to the requirements definition phase of software development. Models, notations, and processes for software requirements identification, representation, analysis, and validation. Cost estimation from early documents and specifications. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 463', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('446', 'CS', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ECE', '004414', 'UG', 'Software Design and Architectures', 'Introduces students to the design, implementation, and evolution phases of software development. Software design processes, methods, and notation. Implementation of designs. Evolution of designs and implementations. Management of design activities. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 430, SE 464', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('447', 'CS', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'ECE', '004416', 'UG', 'Software Testing, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance', 'Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems. Software verification, reviews, metrics, quality assurance, and prediction of software reliability and availability. Related management issues. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 250; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: SE 465', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348', 'CS', '004417', 'UG', 'Introduction to Database Management', 'The main objective of this course is to introduce students to fundamentals of database technology by studying databases from three viewpoints: those of the database user, the database designer, and the database administrator. It teaches the use of a database management system (DBMS) by treating it as a black box, focusing only on its functionality and its interfaces. Topics include introduction to database systems, relational database systems, database design methodology, SQL and interfaces, database application development, concept of transactions, ODBC, JDBC, database tuning, database administration, and current topics (distributed databases, data warehouses, data mining). [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: CS 240. Antireq: CS 338, ECE 356, 456, MSCI 346', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'CS', '004418', 'UG', 'Computer Architecture', 'The course is intended to provide the student with an appreciation of modern computer design and its relation to system architecture, compiler technology, and operating system functionality. The course places an emphasis on design based on the measurement of performance and its dependency on parallelism, efficiency, latency, and resource utilization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (CS 245 or SE 212) and (CS 350 or SE 350); Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 320, ECE 429', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'CS', '004419', 'UG', 'Real-time Programming', 'Intended to give students experience with tools and techniques of real-time programming, this course includes not only issues of microcomputer architecture and a real-time programming language and operating system, but also hands-on experience programming a microcomputer for applications such as process control, data acquisition and communication. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'CS', '004420', 'UG', 'Distributed Systems', 'An introduction to distributed systems, emphasizing the multiple levels of software in such systems. Specific topics include fundamentals of data communications, network architecture and protocols, local-area networks, concurrency control in distributed systems, recovery in distributed systems, and clock synchronization. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: ECE 454', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'CS', '004422', 'UG', 'System Performance Evaluation', 'Basic techniques of system performance evaluation. Specific topics include: performance modeling, discrete event simulation, verification and validation of simulation models, analysis of simulation output, analysis of single server queue and queueing networks, modeling of computer systems, networks, and other queueing or non-queueing systems. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work.]', 'Prereq: (CS 246 or 247) and (one of STAT 206, 231, 241); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'CS', '004424', 'UG', 'Formal Languages and Parsing', 'Languages and their representations. Grammars --Chomsky hierarchy. Regular sets and sequential machines. Context-free grammars -- normal forms, basic properties. Pushdown automata and transducers. Operations on languages. Undecidable problems in language theory. Applications to the design of programming languages and compiler construction.', 'Prereq: CS 360 or 365; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'CS', '004426', 'UG', 'Algorithm Design and Analysis', 'Algorithmic approaches and methods of assessment that reflect a broad spectrum of criteria, including randomized algorithms, amortized analysis, lower bounds, approximation algorithms, and on-line algorithms. Particular examples will be chosen from different areas of active research and application. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'CS', '004433', 'UG', 'Information Systems Management', 'The integration of business and technical considerations in the design, implementation and management of information systems. Topics include: IS planning and development; business, management, executive, and strategic information systems, including case studies of selected large- scale systems; decision support systems; end-user training and development; systems security, disaster planning and recovery. Practical examples of information systems in industry. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 350 or SE 350; Computer Science students only. Antireq: BUS\n415W, 486W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'CS', '004434', 'UG', 'Computational Techniques in Biological Sequence Analysis', 'Computer science principles and algorithms in biological sequence analysis. Topics include algorithms for sequence comparison, for large-scale database search in biological databases, for sequence assembly, for evolutionary tree reconstruction, for identifying important features in DNA and RNA sequences, and underlying computational techniques for understanding strings and trees and for making probabilistic inferences. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 341, STAT 241 or at least 60% in STAT 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'CS', '004435', 'UG', 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence', 'Goals and methods of artificial intelligence. Methods of general problem solving. Knowledge representation and reasoning. Planning. Reasoning about uncertainty. Machine learning. Multi-agent systems. Natural language processing. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341; Computer Science and BMath (Data Science) students only. Coreq: STAT 206 or 231 or 241.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'CS', '004436', 'UG', 'Introduction to Symbolic Computation', 'An introduction to the use of computers for symbolic mathematical computation, involving traditional mathematical computations such as solving linear equations (exactly), analytic differentiation and integration of functions, and analytic solution of differential equations. [Note: Lab is not scheduled and students are expected to find time in open hours to complete their work. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CS 231 or 234 or 240; Honours Mathematics only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'CS', '004437', 'UG', 'Introduction to Computer Graphics', 'Software and hardware for interactive computer graphics. Implementation of device drivers, 3-D transformations, clipping, perspective, and input routines. Data structures, hidden surface removal, colour shading techniques, and some additional topics will be covered. [Note: This course involves project work. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 341 and (CS 350 or SE 350) and (CS 370 or 371); Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'CS', '004438', 'UG', 'The Social Implications of Computing', 'This course is designed to consider the problems encountered by individuals, organizations and society as computer technology is adopted, with a view towards assessing possible courses of action. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CS 240; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499R', 'CS', '004444', 'UG', 'Readings in Computer Science', 'Reading course as announced by the department.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Computer Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'THPERF', '004660', 'UG', 'Theatre and Performance in Context', 'Students experience, analyze, and interpret a range of works of theatre and performance. Close attention is paid to the original circumstances in which these works were produced, the ways in which they have reflected and influenced the communities that produced them, and their relevance to current performance practice and research.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'THPERF', '004661', 'UG', 'Introduction to Theatre', 'This course introduces students to processes of theatre creation including textual analysis, conceptual development, design, rehearsal, production, performance, audience engagement, and self-evaluation. Students develop original productions of influential works while paying close attention to the works'' relevance and issues such as race, gender, and sustainability. [Note: Prior experience in theatre-making is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'THPERF', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'SPCOM', '004662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Performance', 'This workshop course introduces students to the creative processes of performance in a range of formal and informal settings. Emphasis is placed on the student''s development as a performer. [Note: Prior performance experience is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'THPERF', '004663', 'UG', 'Performing Text', 'Students explore techniques to analyze, interpret, and perform texts.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'THPERF', '004664', 'UG', 'Performing the Body', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 100 or THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'SPCOM', '004665', 'UG', 'Public Speaking', 'Theory and practice of public speaking. A workshop course involving design and delivery of various kinds of speeches, and the development of organizational, vocal, listening, and critical skills. Students will be videotaped. [Note: Must attend first class. May be subject to priority enrolment.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'SPCOM', '004666', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Communication', 'Focuses on the one-to-one, face-to-face communication in both the personal and professional realms. Such topics as verbal and non-verbal interactions, listening, and the better management of interpersonal communication will be studied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'SPCOM', '004667', 'UG', 'Interviewing', 'Theory and practice of interviewing. A workshop course which teaches theory, design, and presentation of interviews. Videotaping student exercises will enhance interview design and delivery, as well as listening and critical skills.', 'Prereq: (For Mathematics students) one of EMLS 101R, 102R, EMLS/ENGL 129R, ENGL 109, SPCOM 100, SPCOM 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'THPERF', '004668', 'UG', 'Technical Production 1', 'Students develop basic proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('244', 'THPERF', '004669', 'UG', 'Technical Production 2', 'Students develop intermediate proficiency in the technical elements of intermedial performance and design, including carpentry, lighting, video, projection, sound, wardrobe, and properties. Students apply these concepts in a performance creation project, normally a departmental production.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'THPERF', '004678', 'UG', 'Performance Creation', 'Students study, apply, and critique a range of processes for making performance in a range of media, paying close attention to the relationship between the approach to creation and the significance of works in the communities where they are performed.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'THPERF', '004680', 'UG', 'Production Participation 3', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'THPERF', '004681', 'UG', 'Production Participation 4', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ENGL', '004682', 'UG', 'Early Modern Worlds on Stage', 'This course explores plays from the English Renaissance in their historical and theatrical contexts. Topics may include playhouses and staging, censorship, and collaboration.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'THPERF', '004688', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with Text', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to acting in traditions emphasizing the text as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'THPERF', '004689', 'UG', 'Approaches to Acting with the Body', 'Students apply conceptual and theoretical approaches to performance in traditions emphasizing the body as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 211, 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'SPCOM', '004691', 'UG', 'Small Group Communication', 'A workshop course which works from theory to develop the skills to work in groups effectively. The principles of group dynamics, leadership, and conflict resolution will be studied and implemented in small group meetings and presentations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'THPERF', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'SPCOM', '004692', 'UG', 'Performing the Voice', 'Students explore techniques to access and develop the voice as a resource for performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 102/SPCOM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'THPERF', '004698', 'UG', 'Stage Management', 'Students explore approaches to stage management for theatre and performance.', 'Prereq: THPERF 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'THPERF', '004706', 'UG', 'Approaches to Directing', 'Exploration of the director''s task in its practical, theoretical, and historical aspects.', 'Prereq: THPERF 200, 243', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'THPERF', '004708', 'UG', 'Performance History', 'This course explores significant case studies in performance history drawn from the earliest historical records of performance to recent performance events in a variety of social contexts. Close attention is paid to historiographical research methods and the ways they determine our understanding of the past.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('406', 'THPERF', '004715', 'UG', 'Production Participation 7', 'Students work at an advanced, independent level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to create and reflect upon a major, collaborative performance project. Students engage in all areas of project creation, including research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'THPERF', '004716', 'UG', 'Production Participation 8', 'Students work at an intermediate level with faculty, staff, and visiting artists to explore and increase proficiency in specific areas of performance creation. Areas include research, conception, writing, direction, design, performance, production, stage management, production management, publicity, dramaturgy, critique, and documentation. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of THPERF 306, 307, 316, 317', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'THPERF', '004723', 'UG', 'Selected Seminars in Drama & Theatre Arts', 'Seminars in special areas of drama and theatre. [Note: Formerly DRAMA 490. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('325', 'SPCOM', '004739', 'UG', 'Organizational Communication', 'This course examines organizational theory, the communication process, and the interplay between the two. Students will develop the skills to identify, analyze, and solve a variety of organizational communication problems through case study group work and other workshop-style methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'THPERF', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SPCOM', '004740', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. [Note: A grade for THPERF/SPCOM 499A will be submitted only after the completion of THPERF/SPCOM 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'THPERF', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Theatre and Performance', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SPCOM', '004741', 'UG', 'Senior Seminar', 'This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to complete a comprehensive presentation in their major area of concentration. Second part of THPERF/SPCOM 499.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Speech Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'DUTCH', '004742', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 1', 'The basic elements of Dutch grammar with emphasis on oral practice and pronunciation. Introduction to aspects of Dutch culture. [Note: DUTCH 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'DUTCH', '004743', 'UG', 'Elementary Dutch 2', 'A continuation of DUTCH 101. [Note: DUTCH 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: DUTCH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150', 'ECE', '004750', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Programming', 'Software design process in a high-level programming environment. Programming fundamentals, language syntax, simple data types, control constructs, functions, parameter passing, recursion, classes, arrays and lists, list traversals, introduction to searching and sorting algorithms, basic object-oriented design, polymorphism and inheritance, simple testing and debugging strategies, pointers and references, basic memory management. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 121, MTE 121/GENE 121, NE 113, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204', 'ECE', '004752', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods', 'Application of computational methods to engineering problems. Number systems, errors and error propagation. Roots of nonlinear equations. Introduction to numerical linear algebra. Interpolation and numerical integration. Introduction to numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, optimization. Emphasis will be placed on algorithm development. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: AMATH 342, CS 370, 371, ECE 204A, 204B, MTE 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'ECE', '004755', 'UG', 'Digital Computers', 'Computer organization. Memory units, control units, I/O operations. Assembly language programming, translation and loading. Arithmetic logic units. Computer case studies. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ECE 124; (CS 115 or 135 or 137 or 145 or ECE 150); Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering or Computer Science/Digital Hardware Option', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ECE', '004759', 'UG', 'Algorithms and Data Structures', 'Data structures, abstract data types, recursive algorithms, algorithm analysis, sorting and searching, and problem-solving strategies. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering. Antireq: CS 234, 240, 341, SE 240', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'MTE', '004767', 'UG', 'Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer', 'Macroscopic approach to energy analysis. Energy transfer as work and heat, and the First Law of thermodynamics. Properties and states of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume analysis. The essence of entropy, and the Second Law of thermodynamics. The Carnot cycle and its implications for practical cyclic devices. Introduction to heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. Basic formulation and solution of steady and transient problems. Issues relevant to the cooling of electrical devices. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: MTE 202, 203; Level at least 3A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: SYDE 381', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ECE', '004769', 'UG', 'Communication Systems', 'Introduction to random processes, power spectral density. Thermal noise and the white noise model. Amplitude and angle modulation, generation and detection schemes. Sampling and reconstruction, quantization. Digital baseband transmission. Overview of digital passband communications. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ECE 203, 207, (ECE 205 or MATH 211); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ECE', '004779', 'UG', 'Analog Control Systems', 'Introduction to control systems. Advantages of closed-loop feedback systems. The role of the system mathematical model. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs. The basic control system design problem, stability in control systems. Frequency response analysis techniques. Root-locus analysis. Elementary lead-lag compensation. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 207; Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213; Level at least 3A Software Engineering). Antireq: ME 360, MTE 360, SE 380, SYDE 352', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ECE', '004784', 'UG', 'Digital Signal Processing', 'Fourier representations in discrete and continuous time. Discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform algorithms. Sampling theory. Sampling and quantization errors. Transform analysis of linear time-invariant systems. Filter design. Discrete Hilbert transform. Introduction to filter banks and discrete wavelet transform. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: (Level at least 3B Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering) or (MATH 213, STAT 206; Level at least 3B Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 413', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('414', 'ECE', '004785', 'UG', 'Wireless Communications', 'Overview of wireless communications including standards. Characterization of mobile radio propagation channels. Signal representations. Transmission and reception techniques for wireless channels. Fundamentals of cellular communications and multiple-access schemes. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 306, 318, Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'ECE', '004786', 'UG', 'Digital Hardware Systems', 'Design and modelling of digital hardware systems using a hardware description language. Development process. Impact of implementation technologies. Performance analysis and optimization. Functional verification. Timing analysis. Power analysis and optimization. Faults and testability. Reliability and fault tolerance.[Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 222 or MTE 241); (ECE 124 or MTE 262) or (SYDE 192 and SYDE 192L); Level at least 3A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering or Software Engineering or Systems Design Eng or Computer Science/Digital Hdw Op', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'ECE', '004801', 'UG', 'Distributed Computing', 'Principles of distributed computing; architectures and middleware; servers, processes, and virtualization; upper-layer network protocols, interprocess communication and remote procedure calling; concurrency, synchronization and distributed algorithms, dependable distributed systems and fault tolerance. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 252 or SE 350); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Software Engineering. Coreq: ECE 358 Software Engineering only. Antireq: CS 454, 654', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'ECE', '004802', 'UG', 'Embedded Software', 'Concepts, theory, tools, and practice to understand, design, and write embedded software. This course covers computing elements, structures in embedded software, resource access protocols, uniprocessor scheduling, programming-language support, languages for MDD (model-driven development), worst-case execution time analysis, and overview of embedded distributed systems. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: ECE 350 or SE 350; Level at least 4A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering or Software Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('463', 'ECE', '004806', 'UG', 'Design & Applications of Power Electronic Converters', 'Principles of power conditioning. Switching characteristics of power semiconductor devices. Computer simulation of power electronic circuits. Analysis, design, and applications of power converters. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering. Antireq: MTE 420', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'ECE', '004807', 'UG', 'High Voltage Engineering and Power System Protection', 'The course provides the fundamentals concepts of generation and measurements of high voltage ac, dc, and impulses. Briefly introduces the students to basic conduction and breakdown mechanisms of insulating materials. The scope of this course also includes understanding the basic protection system, studying the principles for protecting different elements and studying different technologies used in designing protective relays. Exposure to several state-of-art high voltage testing techniques of power system components will ensure that students have knowledge of the industrial solutions to the management of the problems associated with overvoltage and the protection mechanisms used. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'ECE', '004811', 'UG', 'Radio and Wireless Systems', 'Modern transmitter and receiver architectures, Noise and linearity in radio and wireless systems, Design considerations of RF/microwave subsystems, radio and wireless system designs, CAD tools for radio and wireless systems, Antennas, Radio wave propagation models, Indoor radio, Satellite communication, Personal communication systems (PCSs). [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ECE 375 and (ECE 206 or MATH 212); Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ECE', '004813', 'UG', 'Digital Control Systems', 'Performance specifications for design. Dynamic system modelling and basic system identification. Dealing with basic nonlinear effects. Sampled data systems. Discrete-time system stability and dynamic performance. Digital control system design: emulation methods, z-domain, frequency domain, pole placement. Implementation of digital controllers. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: (ECE 380 or MTE 360 or SYDE 352; Level at least 4A Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering or Systems Design Engineering) or (ECE 207, SE 380; Level at least 4A Software Engineering). Antireq: ECE 484', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('486', 'ECE', '004816', 'UG', 'Robot Dynamics and Control', 'Introduction to the study of robotics focusing on the mechanics and control of serial manipulators. Topics include rigid body motion, forward and inverse kinematics, differential kinematics, forward and inverse dynamics, trajectory generation, motion planning, and feedback control. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq:(ECE 380;Level at least 4A Comp or Elect Eng)or(SE 380;Level at least 4A Software Eng)or(MTE 360;Level at least 4A Mechatronics Eng)or(ME 360;Level at least 4A Mech Eng/Mechtr Opt)or(SYDE 352;Level at least 4A Sys Design Eng).Antireq:ME 547', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'EARTH', '004819', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences', 'This course will provide students with the foundational knowledge to become earth science literate, understanding Earth''s influence on humans and human influence on the Earth. Students will learn to think like a geoscientist by adopting four ways of thinking that take into account a systems approach, a variety of spatial and temporal scales, and field thinking. Systematically learning about rocks, geological time, natural resources, natural hazards, and water in this course will prepare students to address many challenges currently facing society and to identify future potential opportunities. [Note: EARTH 121L is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Antireq: CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'EARTH', '004820', 'UG', 'Introductory Earth Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 121. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 121 lectures. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122', 'EARTH', '004821', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences', 'This course presents a broad overview of earth system processes and their influence on humans. Course emphasis is placed on anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, the impacts of geologic, biologic, and atmospheric processes on humans, and the effects of human activities on the environment. Course topics include sustainable development and the availability and use of natural resources, principles of ecology and environmental science, biogeochemical cycles, climate and climate change, soils and food supply, energy systems, surface water and groundwater, waste generation and management, pollution, and catastrophic natural processes. [Note: EARTH 122L is recommended. Offered: W]', 'Antireq: ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'EARTH', '004822', 'UG', 'Introductory Environmental Sciences Laboratory', 'For students taking EARTH 122. Laboratory exercises cover selected topics from EARTH 122 lectures. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'EARTH', '004823', 'UG', 'Introductory Hydrology', 'This course is intended to provide students with a practical overview of the hydrologic cycle and all of the interesting ways water flows and interacts with its environment, both surface and subsurface. The material is both qualitative and quantitative in nature and focuses on the circulation of water through the atmosphere, soil, groundwater aquifers, as well as looking at both the global fresh and marine water systems. Emphasis is placed on the physical aspects of hydrology, and the geologic and environmental factors that control the occurrence and cycling of water on Earth, as well as the impacts caused by population growth, contamination, urbanization or land use management, and climate change. [Offered: F]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'EARTH', '004826', 'UG', 'Introductory Geochemistry', 'Origin, abundance, and geochemistry of elements. Introduction to environmental isotope geochemistry and radiometric dating. Basic aqueous geochemistry: pH, carbonate equilibrium, and common ions in natural waters. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHEM 123, 125 or level at least 2A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'EARTH', '004827', 'UG', 'Field Methods in Hydrology', 'This course consists of field exercises and lectures designed to provide students with practical hands-on experience conducting a variety of hydrological monitoring techniques. Emphasis will be placed on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of field measurements. Field exercises will cover groundwater, surface water, meteorological, and water quality. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Coreq: EARTH 123; Antireq: EARTH 123L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'EARTH', '004828', 'UG', 'Mineralogy', 'This course provides a systematic study of the physical and chemical properties of the major rock-forming silicate minerals. Study of mineral chemistry, the internal geometry of crystalline solids and the interrelationship of crystal structure to the physical and chemical properties of minerals. Laboratory work focuses on observing and evaluating the physical properties of minerals and rocks in hand sample in order to identity them. This course includes a weekend field trip to Bancroft, Ontario. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply; Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), EARTH 153, CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'EARTH', '004829', 'UG', 'Introductory Petrography', 'This course provides an introduction to the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Overview of textural, mineralogical, and chemical classification schemes for rocks. Introduction to silicate phase equilibria and the use of mineral stability diagrams to understand petrogenetic processes. Major relationships between tectonic setting and rock types. Laboratory work focuses on using a transmitted light microscope to study the optic properties of minerals in order to identify them as well as observe rock textures and interpret geological histories. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: EARTH 231', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'EARTH', '004830', 'UG', 'Stratigraphic Approaches to Understanding Earth''s History', 'An introduction to stratigraphic principles and methods used in deciphering geological history. Techniques of collecting surface and subsurface geologic data and representation of stratigraphic data. Procedures applicable to the classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units using the North American Stratigraphic Code. The development of stratigraphic sequences as controlled by global and regional tectonics and sea level fluctuations. Interrelating aspects of Earth''s physical, chemical, and biological history. Examples are drawn primarily from Canadian geology. Laboratory work will include construction and interpretation of various types of learning media such as traditional maps, cross sections, new physical and digital models, as well as extended reality. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of (EARTH 121, 121L), CIVE 153, GEOE 153, ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'EARTH', '004832', 'UG', 'Introductory Structural Geology', 'Concepts of stress and strain; elementary rock mechanics; description and classification of folds, faults, foliations, lineations and joints; use of primary structures; introduction to geometrical analysis. Labs will emphasize geometrical problems, including geological maps and cross sections, and stereographic projection. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (EARTH 121 and 121L) or EARTH 153/CIVE 153/GEOE 153/ENVE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'EARTH', '004833', 'UG', 'Introductory Applied Geophysics', 'Applied geophysics provides geoscientists with a wide-range of non-invasive methods for characterizing the Earth''s interior. This course is an introduction to the physical principles underlying field acquisition, processing, and data interpretation for commonly used applied geophysical techniques (seismic, electrical, electromagnetic induction, gravity, and magnetic methods). This course is not only pertinent for geoscientists but also for engineers and others interested in learning how physics can be used to explore the Earth''s interior or perform non-destructive testing. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 112, 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'EARTH', '004835', 'UG', 'Volcanology and Igneous Petrology', 'Principles and theories of the origins of volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks. Topics include the physics and chemistry of magma; igneous hazards and implications; magmatic differentiation; and igneous tectonic associations. Laboratories focus on the identification, description, and classification of igneous rocks [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'EARTH', '004836', 'UG', 'Metamorphic Petrology', 'Principles and theories of metamorphic rock genesis. Topics include static and dynamic metamorphism, recrystallization, metamorphic facies, thermodynamic equilibrium, metasomatism, and metamorphic signatures of global tectonics. Laboratories focus on the description, classification, and interpretation of metamorphic rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'EARTH', '004837', 'UG', 'Introductory Sedimentology', 'An introduction to sediment properties, sedimentation processes, and sedimentary deposits in a variety of depositional environments and climatic conditions. Processes affecting sediments after initial deposition, such as those involved in the transformation of sediments into sedimentary rocks are also examined. Laboratories will focus on the different methods to describe and interpret sediments and sedimentary rocks. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 232, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'EARTH', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'BIOL', '004838', 'UG', 'Evolution 2: Fossil Record', 'An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, CIVE/ENVE/GEOE 153, BIOL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('342', 'EARTH', '004839', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and GIS Applications', 'An introduction of geomorphology with emphasis on landscape-forming processes. Characteristics and development of various landforms (e.g. mountain belts, volcanoes, impact craters, and those created by erosion/deposition of rivers/glaciers) are introduced. Skills for interpreting landforms in air photos or satellite images (in Google Earth or ArcGIS) are practised in the lab work. Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Earth Sciences. Basic concepts of GIS and GIS applications in mineral exploration industry and in fieldwork are introduced. Laboratory work of GIS involves map construction and spatial analysis (e.g., landslide hazard assessment). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122, CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153, SCI 250', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'EARTH', '004841', 'UG', 'Water: Data to Decisions', 'This course explores approaches for interpreting environmental data to support water decisions using theoretical and computational techniques. These approaches focus on statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, probability, hypothesis testing, frequency and time series analyses, point patterns, and correlation and regression, and also include discussion of analytical and numerical approaches. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 121, EARTH 123, and EARTH 221. Antireq: EARTH 491 (Topic: Data to Decisions) taken winter 2021', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'EARTH', '004842', 'UG', 'Earth System Science', 'Study of the Earth as a system, with a focus on global climate history and dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, and the impacts of human activity. Critical analysis and synthesis are emphasized in the context of group presentations and discussions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH 121, 122; EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'EARTH', '004848', 'UG', 'Methods in Geological Mapping', 'Field study in Sudbury and Whitefish Falls areas. Held for at least nine days at end of the winter term. Geological and geotechnical field techniques, map construction, and report writing. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply to all students. Depending on availability of space, EARTH 390 is also open to students who do not require this course in their plan. There will be an additional fee for such students. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 235. Coreq: EARTH 238, 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'EARTH', '004849', 'UG', 'Advanced Geochemistry', 'The application of chemical thermodynamics to geochemical problems. Development of the three laws of thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy and equilibria constants. Introduction to various topics in aqueous geochemistry such as mineral equilibria, ion exchange, and redox equilibria. Laboratory session will involve various experiments related to mineral solubility, chemical kinetics, acid-base equilibria, and chemical modelling. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'EARTH', '004854', 'UG', 'Advanced Structural Geology', 'Stress and strain; deformational behaviour of rocks; origin of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults; geometrical and kinematic analysis; relationships of structures from the microscopic to the megascopic scale. Labs will include simple experiments, advanced geometrical problems and observation and measurement of microstructure and fabric. [Note: EARTH 332 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436A', 'EARTH', '004855', 'UG', 'Thesis Proposal', 'The first term of a potential two-term supervised research project in which students prepare a research proposal and conduct research. Students will present their research proposal in an oral presentation and written report. [Note: In order to progress to a two-term project via EARTH 436B, a grade of 75% must be achieved in this course; Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A; Honours Earth Sciences, Environmental Science - Geoscience Specialization, and Geochemistry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436B', 'EARTH', '004856', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis', 'An optional second term of a two-term supervised research project in which students learn to gather and interpret data. Students will present their findings in a formal presentation and written thesis. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 436A with a grade of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437', 'EARTH', '004857', 'UG', 'Rock Mechanics', 'Stress, strain and strength in geomaterials. Origins of stress and stress measurement methods, including hydraulic fracture and strain relief. Rock Mechanics principles and design procedures in areas of mining, civil engineering and petroleum engineering. Monitoring methods, including introduction to microseismic surveillance. Course includes laboratory and project work. [Note: Prerequisites are not listed for this course which is highly suitable for interested Engineering and Science students. However, some background in engineering, materials science, mechanics or structural geology is recommended; Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('438', 'EARTH', '004858', 'UG', 'Engineering Geology', 'Review of basic concepts in engineering geology as applied to rock and soil, including material properties, variability in properties, external factors such as stress, and evaluation of design adequacy. Site investigation and characterization techniques used to define and characterize the properties of geological materials and their use in selected engineering geologic design and construction problems. Laboratory assignments will focus on the determination of physical properties and site assessment problems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 238', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('439', 'EARTH', '004859', 'UG', 'Flow and Transport Through Fractured Rocks', 'Fractures are ubiquitous in geologic media and important in disciplines such as physical and contaminant hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, and petroleum engineering among other areas. Despite the importance of fractures, its characterization and predictions of groundwater flow and contaminant transport are fraught with significant difficulties. Students are taught to deal with fractures in hydrogeology, to conceptualize them, and to build reliable models for predicting groundwater flow and contaminant transport. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'EARTH', '004860', 'UG', 'Quaternary Geology', 'Glacial-interglacial cycles and sub-Milankovitch oscillations from ocean sediments and ice cores. Quaternary geochronology. Glacial sediment-land systems. Mineral exploration techniques pertaining to glaciated terrains and hydrostratigraphic analyses of Quaternary basins. Local field trips. Laboratory studies on glacial sediments. [Note: Additional field trip fees will apply. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 333 or 342', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'EARTH', '004862', 'UG', 'Numerical Methods in Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the theory and practice of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling. Topics related to variably-saturated flow will focus on derivation of Richard''s equation, a control volume finite difference discretization, assembly and solution of the flow equation, material balance error, truncation error analysis, stability and monotonicity. Topics related to contaminant transport will focus on derivation of the contaminant transport equation, a control volume finite difference discretization along with various spatial and temporal weighting schemes and their associated accuracy, monotonicity, and material balance error. Hands-on experience is provided using software applied to industry-standard variably-saturated flow and transport problems, with an emphasis on visualization and interpretation of results. [Note: EARTH 458, a first-year linear algebra, and a second-year calculus course are recommended. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'EARTH', '004863', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to physical hydrogeology, including Darcy''s law, the groundwater flow equations for steady-state and transient conditions, applications to flow nets, aquifer testing, groundwater resources, and groundwater protection. The role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle is explored with emphasis on natural groundwater flow systems and their influence on stream flow. Physical processes controlling groundwater contamination are introduced. [Note: EARTH 123 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of EARTH (121 and 121L), (122 and 122L), CIVE 153, ENVE 153, GEOE 153', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'EARTH', '004864', 'UG', 'Chemical Hydrogeology', 'An introduction to the chemical side of hydrogeology with emphasis on groundwater quality and contaminants in the groundwater zone, the geochemical origin of major ions in natural groundwater, causes of hardness, groundwater age determination using isotopes, common causes of groundwater contamination; processes governing contaminant behaviour including dispersion, diffusion and adsorption, hydrogeologic aspects of site selection for waste disposal. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 458; One of EARTH 221, CIVE 375, ENVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460', 'EARTH', '004865', 'UG', 'Geophysical Data Analysis', 'Geophysical data sets require the application of specialized analysis methods to extract information about the Earth''s interior. This course covers commonly used concepts and techniques used in geophysical data analysis including spectral analysis, convolution, filtering, and sampling. Emphasis is given to the analysis and processing of radar and seismic reflection profiling data sets. [Note: A full credit in first-year Calculus is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'EARTH', '004866', 'UG', 'Near-Surface Geophysics', 'Near-surface geophysics is used to characterize the shallow subsurface for a wide-spectrum of applications. This application-oriented course covers current methodology in near-surface geophysics, including electrical, electromagnetic, ground penetrating radar, seismic refraction, and well-logging methods. Techniques for geophysical data acquisition and interpretation are studied and applied to field data. Examples of the application of geophysical techniques to archeological, forensics, geotechnical, glaciology, and hydrogeological problems are examined. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: EARTH 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'EARTH', '004868', 'UG', 'Mineral Deposits', 'An introduction to the principles and theories of mineral deposit genesis. Basic technical, economic, legal, and ethical aspects of mineral exploration and responsible development of natural resources are also covered. Laboratories involve hand sample and ore petrology of suites from diverse deposits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: EARTH 221, 232', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'EARTH', '004869', 'UG', 'Field Course', 'One or more trips that emphasize field observations. Specific trips may be organized to examine field aspects of any of the disciplines within Earth Sciences or Geological Engineering. Field exercises and reports may be part of the requirements. Additional field trip fees will apply.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A; Honours Earth Sciences or Environmental Science (Geoscience Specialization) or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100R', 'EASIA', '004871', 'UG', 'Introduction to East Asia', 'An introductory survey of East Asia. This course examines common grounds and differences in the historical, cultural, economic, and political foundations of East Asian societies and states. [Note: Formerly EASIA 201R]', 'Antireq: EASIA 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'EASIA', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'RS', '004872', 'UG', 'Religions of East Asia', 'An examination of the leading religious and philosophical ideas that have shaped the cultures and histories of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Folk, Shamanic, Confucian, Daoist, Shinto, and Buddhist traditions are examined. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 1 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ECON', '004874', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microeconomics', 'This course provides an introduction to microeconomic analysis relevant for understanding the Canadian economy. The behaviour of individual consumers and producers, the determination of market prices for commodities and resources, and the role of government policy in the functioning of the market system are the main topics covered.', 'Prereq: Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ECON', '004877', 'UG', 'Introduction to Macroeconomics', 'This course introduces students to the measurement and behaviour of key macroeconomic variables both in Canada and around the world. Topics include national accounts, inflation, interest rates, wages, international balance of payments, business cycles, growth, employment, unemployment, poverty, and inequality.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ECON', '004885', 'UG', 'Microeconomic Theory for Business and Policy', 'This course offers an introduction to the theory of market based economies. Topics include consumer choice, production, price and output under perfect and imperfect competition, price discrimination and two part pricing, vertical and horizontal firm boundaries and integration, and market structure.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'ECON', '004890', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Economics', 'An introduction to mathematical techniques of particular use in economics. Topics include matrix algebra, differentation, partial derivatives, optimization techniques including constrained optimization - all developed within the context of economic problems.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM103; one of MATH 104, 4U Advanced Functions, 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'MGMT', '004894', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship and the Creative Workplace', 'This course has two distinct but related components. The first explores entrepreneurship as a key input to economic activity. It also reviews numerous perspectives of entrepreneurship and introduces basic tools available for use by the entrepreneur, including the business canvas. The second part of this course explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and strategy. The design of an appropriate strategy and the implementation of this strategy through appropriate controls and structure are considered in the context of the innovative firm. [Note: Formerly ECON 220.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Arts and Business students. Antireq: ENBUS 203, ECON 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'ECON', '004895', 'UG', 'Statistics for Economists', 'This course introduces students to describing economic data and drawing inferences from features of economic data. Starting from fundamental axioms of probability, students will learn about the calculation of probabilities of basic events and the features of random variables, the most important tool for representing the outcomes of complex economic phenomena. Students will describe discrete and continuous random variables via their probability distributions and summary statistics such as means and standard deviations, as well as the relationships between two random variables in terms of covariance, correlation, and simple regression models. The concepts of hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, and the fundamentals of statistical inference are discussed for basic features of random variables and for comparing the features of more than one random variable.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics. Coreq: ECON 211 or Science and Business students or Biotech/Chartered Professional Accountancy students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'ECON', '004899', 'UG', 'Introduction to International Economics', 'This course explores international trade in goods and services, as well as the international exchange of financial assets. Economic theories will be examined, which help explain how international transactions affect the world''s economies. Topics include the theory of comparative advantage and the gains from trade, tariff theory, concepts and measurement of balance of payments, exchange rate systems, and the international monetary system.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ECON', '004921', 'UG', 'Mathematical Economics', 'This course builds on and expands the material in ECON 211. Multi-variate calculus and optimization are covered in detail, with a focus on economic applications of the envelope theorem. The implicit function theorem and its uses in comparative statics are explored. Difference and differential equations and their application to dynamic models are introduced, culminating in an introduction to optimal control.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202, ECON 211; or ECON 391; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'ECON', '004927', 'UG', 'International Finance', 'An analysis of the main issues in international finance. Topics include international borrowing and lending, intertemporal gains from trade, current account and balance of trade movements, the determination of exchange rates, and foreign exchange markets.', 'Prereq: ECON 201, 202 or ECON 201, 206 or ECON 206, 290. Antireq: (For Mathematics students only) BUS 443W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ECON', '004939', 'UG', 'Labour Economics', 'A study of the supply of labour by individuals (and unions) and the demand for labour by firms. Topics include the labour market effects of social assistance, unemployment insurance and minimum wages, discrimination in the labour market, efficient wage contracts, the determinants of wage inflation and unemployment.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 102; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'ECON', '004942', 'UG', 'Environmental Economics', 'Application of economic theory to problems of the environment, in particular, air, water, and land pollution. Emphasis is on the theory of the management of common property resources. Note: [Formerly ECON 357]', 'Prereq: ECON 102, ECON 391; One of ECON 322, STAT 221, STAT 231, STAT 241. Antireq: ECON 357', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'ECON', '004943', 'UG', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis and Project Evaluation', 'Methods for evaluating private and public projects; decision rules, efficiency conditions, and methods of conducting cost-benefit analysis. Application of the technique. This course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ECON', '004944', 'UG', 'The Economics of Social Problems', 'A topic-oriented course. Problems are selected from a list that includes regulatory economics, poverty, unemployment, industrial policy, safety, social policy, government deficits/debt, stabilization policy, and others. The format assists the student in gaining analytical skills through work on the selected topics.', 'Prereq: ECON 102; ECON 201 or 290', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'ECON', '004946', 'UG', 'Business Finance 1', 'The course explores decisions faced by managers of firms. In particular, decision-makers must determine which long-term real investment opportunities to exploit. Once undertaken, managers must decide how to finance the projects, for example, by debt or equity. The course develops both the conceptual framework and the tools required for these decisions. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON 101 or ECON 100/COMM 103; ECON 221 or any prior course in probability and/or basic statistics; Level at least 2B. Antireq: AFM 271/273, AFM 274/371, ACTSC 372 after fall 2014', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('372', 'ECON', '004947', 'UG', 'Business Finance 2', 'This course examines a number of topics relevant to financial practitioners. The topics examined may include options, derivatives securities, futures markets, swaps and hedging. The course assumes prior familiarity with probability, expected values, and variance.', 'Prereq: ECON371; ECON211 or one of MATH106/136/146; ECON 221 or any probability and/or basic statistics course; or students in the Faculty of Mathematics ECON101 or ECON100/COMM103, ECON102 and ACTSC372 after fall 2014. Antireq: ACTSC446 (ACTSC students)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ECON', '004949', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'One or more special topics courses may be offered at different times as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of five times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'ECON', '004959', 'UG', 'Econometric Theory', 'This course offers an advanced treatment of topics covered in ECON 322/323 through the extensive use of matrix algebra, statistical theory and numerical methods. After a review of the required mathematics, these tools will be used to derive the least-squares estimator for the standard linear model and to conduct inference about features of the model, checking the results of theory using regression software and economic data. Then this framework will be used for theoretical generalizations of the model and their estimation using regression software. By the end of the course, students will be able to estimate a linear model and conduct accurate inference in cases where economic data violate the assumptions of the standard linear regression model. This includes methods for dealing with heteroskedastic data, observations that may be dependent over time, response distributions with heavy tails or limited range (such as binary outcomes and count variables), and observations that may suffer from selection bias.', 'Prereq: One of ECON 321, ECON 323, STAT 221, 231, 241; Honours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'ECON', '004960', 'UG', 'Microeconometric Analysis', 'This course investigates advanced estimation and inference techniques for microeconomic data. Students will learn about error components models that are used for economic data that exhibits significant unobserved heterogeneity. The estimation of treatment effects using fixed effects and difference-in-differences methods will be covered, and design-based methods of causal inference such as matching and regression discontinuity may be covered as well. Extensions such as multilevel or hierarchical models, limited dependent variable models, duration models or selection models may also be included. Students also learn how to apply these methods using computer software, and will use it to analyze complex data from household and firm-level surveys in assignments.', 'Prereq: ECON 201 or ECON 290; one of ECON 321, 323, STAT 221, 231, 241;\nHonours students or Economics majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'ECON', '004970', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Students are required to identify a research topic, conduct research independently, write a research paper, and attend class meetings. Each student is supervised by a member of the Economics faculty. Class meetings cover topics such as a general overview of research methods in economics, research ethics, finding reference material, citing practices, and effective writing and presentation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Economics or Honours Mathematical Economics (BA and BMATH) students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('488', 'ECON', '004974', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('489', 'ECON', '004975', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Research and reading course under the direction of individual instructors. See Economics undergraduate officer for course registration.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103B', 'ENGL', '005042', 'UG', 'Varieties of English', 'Introduction to the study of varieties of the English language - regional, social, temporal, functional, and stylistic. The relations of languages and literature and of speech and writing will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108E', 'ENGL', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108', 'GSJ', '005049', 'UG', 'Gender and Representation', 'A study of the ways gender in all its diversity is constructed and gendered experience is expressed in literature, rhetoric, and a variety of media.', 'Antireq: WS 108E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('108F', 'ENGL', '005050', 'UG', 'The Rebel', 'A study of various works of literature in which the protagonist is a rebel against existing norms. The course will examine a number of rebel types and concepts, moral implications, and final outcomes either in successful realization or in tragic defeat.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'ENGL', '005054', 'UG', 'Introduction to Academic Writing', 'The course will explore a variety of issues in academic writing such as style, argument, and the presentation of information. Frequent written exercises will be required.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'ENGL', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('129R', 'EMLS', '005061', 'UG', 'Written Academic English', 'Designed specifically for students for whom English is not the first language, this writing skills course provides instruction in grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, elements of composition, and academic essay writing, including a focus on theme, development of central ideas, exposition, and argumentation. [Note: Not open to fluent writers of English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140R', 'ENGL', '005064', 'UG', 'The Use of English', 'This course examines the use of English in a variety of contexts (colloquial, scientific, legal, political, commercial, journalistic, literary, etc.) to increase critical awareness of the language and help students write more clearly and effectively.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('190', 'ENGL', '005068', 'UG', 'Shakespeare', 'Designed for students in all faculties, the course examines some of Shakespeare''s comedies, history plays, and tragedies. Shakespeare''s variety and flexibility in developing characters and dramatic structures are stressed, as are significant themes. [Note: No previous work in Shakespeare is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200A', 'ENGL', '005069', 'UG', 'English Literatures 1', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the Middle Ages to the late 18th century, focussing on key writers and works, including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200B', 'ENGL', '005070', 'UG', 'English Literatures 2', 'An introduction to the diverse forms and voices of literature written in English from the late 18th century to the present, focussing on key writers and works from Britain and North America, and including works by women and people of colour. Students will explore literary techniques, historical and cultural contexts, and the question of the canon.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENGL', '005071', 'UG', 'The Short Story', 'This course deals with the history and techniques of the short story, with emphasis upon works by such British, American, and Canadian writers as Henry James, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, Ernest Hemingway, and Alice Munro.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202A', 'ENGL', '005072', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 1', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the Old Testament of the King James Bible (also known as the Hebrew Scripture), and of its influence on other English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202B', 'ENGL', '005073', 'UG', 'The Bible and Literature 2', 'A study of the major stories, themes, and literary characteristics of the New Testament of the King James Bible and of its influence on English literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205R', 'ENGL', '005078', 'UG', 'The Canadian Short Story', 'The short story is Canada''s most vibrant literary form. Students will examine short stories from the 19th century to the present. Topics to be covered may include national, regional and Indigenous identity, mythology, multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism, as well as explorations of contemporary social justice issues.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208A', 'ENGL', '005081', 'UG', 'Forms of Fantasy', 'A study of fantasy literature, including some subgenres such as romances, fairy tales, fables, and gothic and horror fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208B', 'ENGL', '005082', 'UG', 'Science Fiction', 'Various examples drawn, for instance, from Utopian and anti-Utopian science fiction, social science fiction, \"gadget\" science fiction, parapsychology, and alternate worlds and beings will be considered. Some attention will be given to the historical development of the genre.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208C', 'ENGL', '005083', 'UG', 'Studies in Children''s Literature', 'A critical examination of works of children''s literature. Specific readings may range broadly, encompassing works as diverse as ancient folk tales and novels and poetry from the 18th century to the present day.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'ENGL', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208E', 'GSJ', '005084', 'UG', 'Women''s Writing', 'This course explores a range of women''s writing and the social and cultural contexts in which they made their voices heard.', 'Antireq: WS 208E', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208H', 'ENGL', '005086', 'UG', 'Arthurian Legend', 'The story of Arthur and his knights of the Round Table will be discussed as it is treated at various times in various works and genres. Such matters will be considered as the character of Arthur, the concept of Camelot, and the Fellowship of the Round Table.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208K', 'ENGL', '005087', 'UG', 'Detective Fiction', 'A study of the detective novel, the novel of crime, the thriller, the novel of intrigue, and of espionage with texts drawn from various time periods and national literatures. The course includes the examination of critical approaches to the form of detective fiction.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210E', 'ENGL', '005095', 'UG', 'Genres of Technical Communication', 'This course explores writing, presentation, and design across various genres of technical communication, with a primary focus on printed and/or online computer documentation. Other assignments might include white papers, product specifications, help-desk communication, etc.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210F', 'ENGL', '005096', 'UG', 'Genres of Business Communication', 'This course explores the genres of communication in business and other organizations. Students will study and produce instances from several of the following: reports (of several kinds), letters, email messages, marketing materials, public relations materials, and any other types of organizational communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'ENGL', '005104', 'UG', 'Canadian Children''s Literature', 'A study of 19th- and 20th-century Canadian literature for children.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ENGL', '005120', 'UG', 'Literary Theory and Criticism', 'What exactly are we doing when we study literature? By examining a selection of critical methods and theoretical approaches, this course will enhance understanding of the many different emphases, values, and priorities critics bring to literature, and the many available perspectives on what constitutes literature''s significance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 251A, ENGL 251B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ENGL', '005122', 'UG', 'Rhetorical Theory and Criticism', 'This course provides a survey of the multidisciplinary field of rhetorical studies. In addition to introducing key concepts, theoretical frameworks, and critical debates, this course examines the role of rhetoric in a range of academic disciplines and social contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305A', 'ENGL', '005124', 'UG', 'Old English Language and Literature', 'An introduction to the English language in its earliest form, and study of selected prose and poetry from pre-Conquest England in the original language, with attention to historical, cultural, and religious contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305B', 'ENGL', '005125', 'UG', 'The Age of Beowulf', 'A study of the earliest English literature in translation. The heroic epic Beowulf will be studied in depth, along with a selection of Old English poetry and prose, such as lyrics, riddles, and historical and religious writing.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306A', 'ENGL', '005126', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'Introduction to linguistics and the principles of linguistic analysis through an examination of English phonology, forms, syntax, and discourse.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306B', 'ENGL', '005127', 'UG', 'How English Grammar Works', 'This course analyzes English grammar structures, \"grammar rules,\" and the reasoning behind them. The course then examines English-language change, and considers grammar in pedagogical and multicultural contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306D', 'ENGL', '005129', 'UG', 'The History of the English Language', 'This course explores the history of the English language, from Anglo-Saxon dialects (\"Old English\"), through the combining of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, its evolution in medieval and early modern Britain, up to its transformation within multilingual and multicultural contexts. The course examines not only the evolving vocabulary and grammar of the language, but also its social history.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306F', 'ENGL', '005131', 'UG', 'Introduction to Semiotics', 'A study of systems of signs, codes, and signification in language, culture, and literature.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309A', 'ENGL', '005133', 'UG', 'Rhetoric, Classical to Enlightenment', 'A study of rhetorical theories from antiquity through the Renaissance to the 18th century, with an emphasis on how these theories reflect changing attitudes towards language, society, and the self.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: ENGL 309B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309C', 'ENGL', '005135', 'UG', 'Contemporary Rhetoric', 'An examination of contemporary rhetorical theory and its relationships to criticism, interdisciplinary studies, and digital applications.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306G', 'ENGL', '005136', 'UG', 'Critical Discourse Analysis', 'This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of critical discourse analysis (CDA), the close study of language and its effects in social context. Students will learn to apply discourse-analytical tools to a wide range of texts, conversations, images, and other artifacts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309E', 'ENGL', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A English Rhetoric and Professional Writing or English Rhetoric, Media, and Professional Communication', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'SPCOM', '005137', 'UG', 'Speech Writing', 'The analysis, writing, and editing of speeches. This course considers how genre and style impact the creation, reception, and implications of meaning. Students practice writing, as form and style, in the construction of arguments and other genres of speech making.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310A', 'ENGL', '005139', 'UG', 'Chaucer 1', 'An introduction to the poetry and the prose translations of Geoffrey Chaucer, including his dream allegories, \"Troilus and Criseyde,\" and related compositions.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310B', 'ENGL', '005140', 'UG', 'Chaucer 2', 'A study of Geoffrey Chaucer''s \"Canterbury Tales\".', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310C', 'ENGL', '005141', 'UG', 'Non-Chaucerian Middle English Literature', 'Non-Chaucerian English writings during the later Middle Ages; the Middle English romance, including \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; alliterative literature, such as \"Piers Plowman\"; and representative examples of Middle English non-Chaucerian verse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'ENGL', '005145', 'UG', 'Early Canadian Literatures', 'This course examines a selection of pre-1920 Canadian texts concerning first contact, imperialism, colonization, incipient nationhood, and early multi-racial immigration that participate in the ongoing invention of Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ENGL', '005147', 'UG', 'Modern Canadian Literature', 'This course focuses on the varied ways in which 20th-century writers of poetry and prose participate in the shaping of Canadian literary culture, with emphasis on the literature of the middle decades.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'ENGL', '005148', 'UG', 'Canadian Drama', 'This course explores traditions and experiments in Canadian drama through an analysis of Canadian plays, especially those from 1960 to the present, in their historical and theatrical contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'ENGL', '005150', 'UG', 'Contemporary Canadian Literature', 'This course examines Canadian Literature written in the latter decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century. Literary works are studied in relation to relevant contemporary social, cultural and political topics, such as nationalism, indigeneity, multiculturalism, and diaspora.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330A', 'ENGL', '005152', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of short poems by such writers as Wyatt, Gascoigne, Whitney, Ralegh, Spenser, the Sidneys, Shakespeare, and Donne.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330B', 'ENGL', '005153', 'UG', 'Sixteenth-Century Literature 2', 'A study of selected genres, topics, and works from Tudor literature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('335', 'ENGL', '005155', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 1', 'Designed to assist students with an interest in developing their creative writing skills in various genres, this course consists of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'ENGL', '005156', 'UG', 'Creative Writing 2', 'This course is designed to assist advanced creative writers in developing a body of work in one or more genres by means of supervised practice, discussions of craft, and peer critiques. [Note: Admission by portfolio review]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A and ENGL 335', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'ENGL', '005157', 'UG', 'American Literature 1860-1910', 'A survey of literary developments in America from the Civil War through the turn of the 20th century, including significant movements of the period such as realism, regionalism, and naturalism; the New Woman''s writing and other developments in women''s literatures; popular forms such as the Western; and minority literatures.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('344', 'ENGL', '005158', 'UG', 'Modern American Literature', 'A study of American Literature from the early twentieth century through the second world war, emphasizing aesthetic innovation in the modernist movement, and its aftermath in the social writings of the 1930s.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('345', 'ENGL', '005159', 'UG', 'American Literature in a Global Context', 'A study of the ways in which movements of peoples and cultures have shaped American literature. Topics may include colonialism, immigration and migration, literary influence across borders and languages, nativism and internationalism, racial and ethnic styles and exchanges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'ENGL', '005162', 'UG', 'American Literature Since 1945', 'A study of the movements of American Literature following the second world war. The course will consider the formal and cultural diversity of writing in this period, with attention to topics such as avant-garde experiment, the persistence of realism, counter-cultural politics, feminism and literature, postmodernism, and the emergence of minority writers in the mainstream.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350A', 'ENGL', '005164', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 1', 'A study of literature by such writers as Jonson, Donne, Wroth, Herbert, Bacon, Milton, Behn, and Dryden.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350B', 'ENGL', '005165', 'UG', 'Seventeenth-Century Literature 2', 'An intensive study of Milton''s epic, Paradise Lost, in its historical and literary contexts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ENGL', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'THPERF', '005166', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 1', 'A study of the plays written before 1599-1600, excluding Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 386', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'ENGL', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'THPERF', '005167', 'UG', 'Shakespeare 2', 'A study of the plays written after 1599-1600, including Julius Caesar.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: DRAMA 387', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'ENGL', '005168', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide an in-depth study of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('366', 'ENGL', '005169', 'UG', 'Selected Studies', 'Designed to provide a study in-depth of problems and/or authors selected by the instructor. Students interested in initiating such courses are encouraged to do so by bringing their ideas to the attention of individual instructors.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392A', 'ENGL', '005175', 'UG', 'Information Design', 'The theory and practice of design for print and digital media, including the study of design concepts such as space, colour, typography, interactivity, immersion, motion, and presence. Students produce designs using professional software tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392B', 'ENGL', '005176', 'UG', 'Visual Rhetoric', 'This course introduces students to the study of images from a rhetorical perspective, including the interaction of texts and images in such professional writing fields as advertising, book illustration, technical documentation, journalism, and public relations. Issues may include visual and textual literacy, the semiotics and rhetoric of design, and the ideological basis of social communication.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408A', 'ENGL', '005177', 'UG', 'Writing for the Media', 'This course examines the genres and strategies of both journalism and public relations. With a strong orientation towards rhetorical and linguistic theories, this course will cover audience concerns from both within and outside organizations.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408B', 'ENGL', '005178', 'UG', 'The Discourse of Advertising', 'This course introduces students to writing and editing advertising copy. Students will also be introduced to models of discourse and rhetorical analysis of advertising texts. Assignments include creating a portfolio of advertising copy and an extensive analysis of sample advertising discourse.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408C', 'ENGL', '005179', 'UG', 'The Rhetoric of Digital Design: Theory and Practice', 'Students apply a variety of analytic perspectives - design discourse, multimodal discourse, rhetorical theory, social semiotics - to the design and production of a major digital project (or compilation of projects) using professional software and hardware tools.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'ENGL', '005185', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 1', 'An examination of the first generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Barbauld, Blake, Wollstonecraft, Wordsworth, and Coleridge.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'ENGL', '005186', 'UG', 'Literature of the Romantic Period 2', 'An examination of the second generation of Romantic writers, including such authors as Byron, P. B. Shelley, Mary Shelley, Keats, and Hemans.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451A', 'ENGL', '005190', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 1', 'A critical study of early to mid-Victorian literature, including authors such as Carlyle, Arnold, Tennyson, the Bront\u00ebs, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Gaskell, Ruskin, and Dickens. Topics may include liberty, work, gender, class, imperialism, and poetry.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451B', 'ENGL', '005191', 'UG', 'Literature of the Victorian Age 2', 'A critical study of mid to late Victorian literature, including authors such as Christina Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, George Eliot, Newman, Hopkins, Michael Field, Wilde, and Hardy. Topics may include the \"Woman Question,\" the crisis in religious faith, and aestheticism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460A', 'ENGL', '005192', 'UG', 'Early Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom before and after World War I, including such writers as Conrad, Forster, Hopkins, Mansfield, Shaw, Synge, Wilde, and Yeats.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460B', 'ENGL', '005193', 'UG', 'Literature of the Modernist Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland from World War I to World War II, including such writers as Auden, Eliot, Isherwood, Joyce, Lawrence, Orwell, West, and Woolf.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('460C', 'ENGL', '005194', 'UG', 'Literature of the Postwar Period in the United Kingdom and Ireland', 'A study of the literatures of the United Kingdom and Ireland after World War II, including such writers as Beckett, Greene, Larkin, Murdoch, Osborne, Pinter, and Spark.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470A', 'ENGL', '005195', 'UG', 'Contemporary Critical Theory', 'Contemporary critical theory offers an array of competing constructions of text and culture. This course examines several topics in recent critical theory, such as gender, race, subjectivity, textuality, and popular culture.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470B', 'ENGL', '005196', 'UG', 'History of Literary Criticism', 'An historical survey of major critical texts and movements from the Greek and Roman classics to the New Criticism of the mid-20th century, examining different critical theories and practices in a context of cultural changes.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470C', 'ENGL', '005197', 'UG', 'Literary Studies in Digital Forms', 'A critical examination of literary publication, research, and criticism in digital forms.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495A', 'ENGL', '005223', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision. [Note: A grade for ENGL 495A will be submitted only after the completion of ENGL 495B.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495B', 'ENGL', '005224', 'UG', 'Supervision of Honours Essay', 'Senior honours essay will be completed under supervision.', 'Prereq: ENGL 495A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ENVE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), r\u00e9sum\u00e9 writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'GEOE', '005226', 'UG', 'Environmental and Geological Engineering Concepts', 'An introduction to the fundamental methods, principles and skills of environmental and geological engineering. Fundamentals of technical communication, the engineering design process and problem solving. Completion of a pre-design study and report for an environmental engineering project. Independent and team work. Fundamentals of engineering computation units, data collection, measurement, and error analysis. Field surveying (automatic level, engineer''s transit, differential global positioning system (GPS), total station). Laboratory on engineering graphics auto-computer assisted diagnosis (AutoCAD) and computational software (Excel, Matlab). Aspects of the engineering profession (code of ethics, negligence, misconduct, role of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), etc.), diversity in the workplace, and professional development. Preparation for the University of Waterloo co-operative education program (Co-operative Education and Career Action (CECA), r\u00e9sum\u00e9 writing, job search and interview skills). [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'ENVE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'GEOE', '005236', 'UG', 'Differential Equations and Balance Laws', 'An introduction to ordinary differential equations with applications to mass and energy balance problems in engineering. Standard methods of solution of first and second order linear equations with constant coefficients. Numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations. Partial differential equations. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 222, MATH 218', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'ENVE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2B Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'GEOE', '005237', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics', 'Role of probability in engineering and decision-making under uncertainty. Basic probability concepts. Probability distributions. Functions of random variables. Data analysis. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Introduction to regression analysis. Introduction to design of experiments and statistical quality control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Geological Engineering. Antireq: CHE 220, CIVE 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ENVE', '005239', 'UG', 'Environmental Chemistry', 'Overview of risk, biosphere compartments and contaminant fate. Composition of water. Electroneutrality and activity. Reactions and speciation including reaction kinetics, mass transfer, vapor pressure, equilibrium, and chemical thermodynamics. Equilibrium chemistry including Log-concentration diagrams, titration and buffering intensity, dissolution/precipitation, carbonate system, hardness, and complex formation. Classification, nomenclature, physical/chemical parameters and partitioning of organic compounds. Basic redox chemistry including: half cell reactions, Faraday and Nernst equations, and pE-pH diagrams. Four labs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; 2A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'ENVE', '005244', 'UG', 'Lab Analysis and Field Sampling Techniques', 'An introduction to the fundamental concepts of physical and chemical measurement of the environment. Review of basic statistics, quality assurance and control, sources of error, seasonal effects, sample preservation. Practical and essential elements of water, soil and air sampling. Introduction to measurement techniques including: colorimetry, chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemical probes, remote sensing. Design of monitoring strategies, and use of methods to assess validity of laboratory data. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: 3A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ENVE', '005248', 'UG', 'Physico-Chemical Processes', 'Fundamentals of coagulation, flocculation, clarification, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, air stripping, membrane technologies, chemical reduction/oxidation, and disinfection processes with applications to natural and various engineered systems. Quantitative analysis and design of processes and applications to the treatment of drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, groundwater and soils. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102, ENVE 280; 3A Environmental Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 375', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'ENVE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 3B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOE', '005249', 'UG', 'Law and Ethics for Environmental and Geological Engineers', 'Philosophy of environmental controls; introduction to national and international regulatory structures relevant to industrial planning, emissions control, environmental impact assessment, occupational health; stance of government, industry and community pressure groups. Contract law. Professional ethics, including the social responsibility of engineers, conflicts of interest. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'ENVE', '005253', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent environmental engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in an environmental engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (ENVE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, ENVE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVE', '005254', 'UG', 'Environmental Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ENVE 400. The final design of the major environmental engineering project proposed in ENVE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in ENVE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Environmental Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('573', 'ENVE', '005256', 'UG', 'Contaminant Transport', 'Importance and complications associated with environmental modelling, the model building process, limitations, and measures of success. Types of contaminants; transport phenomena with a focus on advection-dispersive transport; development of governing equations; types and utility of boundary and initial conditions; and mass balance considerations. Review of completely mixed systems including lakes, streams, source functions, feedback systems, and toxic substance models. Model calibration, sensitivity, and uncertainty; methods and approaches. Solute transport models and solution techniques including random walk, method of characteristics, finite difference method and finite volume method. Aspects of multiphase flow (gas/water and NAPL/water systems) with an emphasis on groundwater problems. Introduction to mass removal technologies for remediation of soil and groundwater systems. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ENVE 225, 375; (Level at least 3B Environmental Engineering) or (4B Chemical, Civil, or Geological Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('577', 'ENVE', '005257', 'UG', 'Engineering for Solid Waste Management', 'The engineering aspects of solid waste management are examined. Attention is given to the engineering design and operational aspects of the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in landfill site. Design of natural attenuation sites and system reliability features for landfill designs. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Chemical, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('178', 'ENVS', '005261', 'UG', 'Environmental Applications of Data Management and Statistics', 'This course introduces techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research, including descriptive statistics (measures of centre, variation and shape, and measures of association between two variables), statistical research designs, sampling theory, and fundamental probability theory for inferential statistics. The course also develops skills in using statistical software for data display and analysis.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('195', 'ENVS', '005262', 'UG', 'Introduction to Environmental Studies', 'This course introduces the field of environmental studies through an exploration of environmental issues that contribute to crises and challenges at the global, national and local levels. The course provides an overview of human ecological aspects of environmental studies from an inter-cultural and global perspective, and offers an integrative framework for understanding them.', 'Antireq: EARTH 122', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'ENVS', '005263', 'UG', 'Field Ecology', 'Introduces the main concepts and principles of ecology; the cycling of elements; energetics and structural organization of major ecological systems; population dynamics; impact of natural resource management practices and urban and industrial development on the environment; incorporating environmental quality considerations into development activities. The lab sessions include field trips to study natural and disturbed ecosystems, urban and applied ecology. [Note: Field trip fee normally $30+HST; will not exceed $60+HST. WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ENVS', '005264', 'UG', 'Introduction to Canadian Environmental Law', 'Introduction to the basic legal framework that regulates the natural environment in Canada. The course provides students with an understanding of the foundational legal institutions in Canada and their respective roles in environmental regulation. The course includes both public and private law approaches to environmental regulation, and covers the principal regulatory tools used to protect the environment.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ENBUS', '005265', 'UG', 'Environmental Management Systems', 'The examination and evaluation of environmental management systems such as ISO 14001. Alternate EMS systems will be compared and reviewed to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses. Case studies will be used to illustrate the ideas presented.', 'Prereq: ENBUS 102; Accounting and Financial Management or Environment and Business students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ENVS', '005266', 'UG', 'Ecological Economics', 'Evaluation of various economic approaches to the environment. The links between economics, systems and the natural environment will be explored and future directions examined.', 'Antireq: SFM 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('278', 'ENVS', '005271', 'UG', 'Applied Statistics for Environmental Research', 'This course examines further techniques for collecting, evaluating, and using data-based evidence in environmental research. It builds upon ENVS 178, with a focus on inferential statistics, including sampling distributions, confidence intervals, parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests, and linear regression models. It further develops skills in using statistical software for data analysis and modeling of environmental data.', 'Prereq: ENVS 178; Environment students only. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, SDS 250R, PSCI 314, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SOC 280, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'ENVS', '005290', 'UG', 'Study Abroad', 'Study abroad for academic transfer credit under a Faculty of Environment Exchange Program.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'ENVS', '005294', 'UG', 'Canadian Law, Indigenous Peoples, and Natural Resource Development', 'The course examines the historical development of the constitutional relationship between the Crown (the Canadian and provincial governments) and Indigenous Peoples, and the current impact of this constitutional relationship on the development of resources in Canada. Particular focus will be paid to the judicial development of Aboriginal rights and Aboriginal title, the duty to consult and accommodate Indigenous Peoples in the context of resource development, and the future trajectory of the relationship between the Crown, Indigenous Peoples, and resource developers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'REC', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'ENVS', '005299', 'UG', 'Ecotourism and Communities', 'This blended course includes a field and online learning experience and focuses on the philosophical, socio-cultural, health, and ecological dimensions of ecotourism, and the skills and practices necessary for planning and managing ecotourism for community development and well-being. The course will involve one or more overnight excursions to ecotourism destinations in Ontario (e.g., Muskoka or Haliburton region). [Note: Field trip fee: $500.00+HST to $1,500.00+HST]', 'Prereq: REC 230', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('469', 'ENVS', '005302', 'UG', 'Landscape Ecology, Restoration and Rehabilitation', 'Survey of the major concepts and theories of landscape ecology. Application of these concepts to case studies in restoration and/or rehabilitation. Interaction with professionals from government, NGOs or private industry on ecological issues will also be part of the course. The course includes a practical component on the planning of ecological restoration or rehabilitation projects. [Note: Field trip fee based on destination; will not exceed $100+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: ERS 335; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ERS', '005304', 'UG', 'Foundations: Environment, Resources and Sustainability', 'Introduces analytical approaches for problem definition and problem solving that are appropriate for a wide range of environment and resource issues. Considers the limitations of approaches that perceive and attempt to manage issues as isolated phenomena. Also examines alternative approaches that recognize the broader context and underlying roots in ethical positions and ecological, economic, and institutional systems.', 'Prereq: Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'ERS', '005311', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 1', 'An introduction to processes and techniques for incorporating environmental considerations in planning and evaluating proposals for future undertakings that may have significant social and biophysical effects. The course provides an overview of methodologies for, and controversies surrounding, the design and conduct of biophysical and socioeconomic impact studies, and the testing of reported findings. The main focus is on the purposes and design of environmental assessment processes, with particular reference to the Canadian federal and Ontario provincial legal mandates, and the evolution of assessment into a sustainability framework.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'ERS', '005312', 'UG', 'Introduction to Sustainable Agroecosystems', 'This course introduces and discusses the fundamental concepts of agroecology, the integration of agriculture and society, and the transition to sustainability. Topics include the impact of biotic and abiotic factors - including the use of genetically modified organisms - on crops, soil, and the agroecosystems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'ERS', '005313', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering in that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'ERS', '005326', 'UG', 'Ecological Monitoring', 'Through online readings and a 10-day field trip, this course provides students with theoretical and practical knowledge of ecological monitoring through active participation in programs applying protocols developed by the Smithsonian Institute/Man and the Biosphere Program. The course is a collaborative effort with professional staff from selected governmental agencies, and independent organizations. [Note: Field trip fee normally $750+HST; will not exceed $1000+HST. Offered: After spring examinations, prior to the fall term.]', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'ERS', '005332', 'UG', 'Waste Management', 'This course will deal with the solid waste system, landfilling, incineration, energy from waste, recycling, composting, reduction and reuse. The context will be primarily Ontario and municipal waste management.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'ERS', '005339', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 2', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215, this course places more emphasis on case studies and projects by students. The course provides a synthesis of ecological, physical, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional concerns, as well as experience in the use of impact assessment methodologies and approaches, as a key element in achieving more informed and responsible decision making.', 'Prereq: ERS 215; ENVS 200 or International Development students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'ERS', '005342', 'UG', 'Communities and Sustainability', 'Exploration of the interconnected roles that communities at various scales\ncan play in a transition towards sustainability. Examination of structures, options, initiatives, and decision-making processes involving a wide range of concerns, opportunities, and applications. Illustrative cases include largely urban communities, the urban periphery, and the broader influences that affect them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'ERS', '005345', 'UG', 'Corporate Sustainability: Issues and Prospects', 'A course that examines the ways in which sustainability issues and business operations have interacted, considering progressively ''greener'' corporate responses and broader sustainability challenges.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B; Not open to Environment and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'ERS', '005346', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'ERS', '005370', 'UG', 'Social Ecological Systems Analysis', 'This course provides an opportunity to learn and begin to apply systems-based tools in the context of an interdisciplinary research problem defined by the student in cooperation with the teaching-team. Students are provided with an introduction to the conceptual tools of systems thinking and resilience that help understand the dynamics of social change and social innovation. These conceptual tools will then be applied by students to provide a framework for interdisciplinary research and to develop a richer understanding of a case study of fostering social change and building adaptive capacity.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only; Antireq: ERS 311', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('404', 'ERS', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PSCI', '005377', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Governance', 'Examination of the ways in which world society is striving to address environmental challenges by means of \"global governance\" - that is, international organizations and institutions intended to deal with these challenges. The history of international environmental politics will be reviewed, specific organizations and other actors involved in global environmental governance will be examined and the management of particular global environmental challenges investigated.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'ERS', '005386', 'UG', 'Environmental and Sustainability Assessment 3', 'Continuing from concepts developed in ERS 215 and ERS 315, this course will focus on the latest concepts and applications of assessment principles and practices. The course focus will vary from year to year following development in the field. Topics may include assessment into land use planning and community design, policy and program assessment, and assessment of new technologies and alternative futures.', 'Prereq: ERS 315', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'ERS', '005388', 'UG', 'Special Readings/Seminar on Select Topics', 'Background reading and study in consultation with faculty. Typically utilized when a student must study a topic in connection with other work, but no course offering that topic is available.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403A', 'ERS', '005401', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is for students who have defined a problem, which fits within the scope of research in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. ERS 403A normally leads to the production of a research proposal and the beginning of the research tasks; this process may vary slightly, depending on the nature of the research. The research process and thesis write-up will continue and be concluded in ERS 403B. [Note: Students who wish to take this course should begin intensive planning and discussion with potential advisors in a field relevant to their intended research 6-12 months prior to the course. Students must secure agreement with a professor in SERS to act as the thesis advisor no later than 4 months prior to the start of the course. Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403B', 'ERS', '005402', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'This course is a continuation of ERS 403A. It normally consists of a continuation of the research process that began in ERS 403A and leads to the completion of the research and the thesis write-up. It is for students who have defined a problem related to the mission and scope of the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability and will undertake original research that leads to production of a thesis. The procedures outlined in ERS 403A must be followed. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B; Environment, Resources and Sustainability students only. Antireq: ERS 402; ERS 411B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'FINE', '005422', 'UG', 'Modern Art: 1874-1945', 'A study of the culture of Europe and North America from 1874 (Impressionism) to 1945 (Nazi propaganda) with particular focus on the visual arts. Topics such as primitivism, Cubism, abstraction, artists'' reactions to calamitous world events such as World War 1, and various methodologies, including semiotic and Marxist analyses, will be explored through reading and writing assignments. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'FINE', '005425', 'UG', 'Art: 1780-1875', 'A study of art and architecture in European and American culture between 1780 and 1875. Some of the pertinent themes discussed include art and revolutions, art and the Industrial Revolution, the rise of landscape painting, the urban environment, the exotic, and the erotic. Cross-cultural influences and the complex relationship between the traditional and the ''modern'' are particularly emphasized. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'FINE', '005427', 'UG', 'Renaissance Art: 1300-1500', 'An examination of the art of the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe. Amongst the many themes that will be explored in this course are mediums (including exploitation of oil paint), scientific perspective, humanism, court structures, art and mercantile sectors, and prominent collectors. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'FINE', '005429', 'UG', 'Art of the 16th Century in Europe', 'Some of the finest works of art in the western world were produced and some of the most successful artists flourished in this tumultuous century that saw the split in the western Christian Church and the continued rise of extraordinarily powerful court families and monarchs. This course will examine these works of art and the artists against this backdrop. Arranged according to patrons, the course also examines particular stylistic trends (Mannerism, the persistence of the Gothic, etc.) as well as other pertinent issues such as collecting, the writing of art history, the teaching of art, and the role of the artist in society. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('214', 'FINE', '005430', 'UG', 'Visual Culture of Medieval Europe', 'This course explores the visual culture of medieval Europe from the fourth century to the 13th century. The primary focus of this course is the dynamic intersection of cultures and faiths with particular emphasis on emergent and evolving Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, as expressed in architecture, sculpture, manuscripts, metalwork, textiles, and more. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'FINE', '005431', 'UG', 'Art of the 17th Century in Europe', 'Art of the 17th century. This course focuses on art produced in Italy, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Various types of art (history painting, portraiture, still life, etc.) and architecture (churches, palaces, city homes, etc.) are discussed in relation to the primary political, religious, and societal concerns that characterize the different geographical regions. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'FINE', '005435', 'UG', 'Oil Painting', 'Various technical methodologies of oil painting and pictorial composition are developed in this course through a series of explorations in observation and abstraction. The plurality of approaches available to painters today is set within a contemporary critical context. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'FINE', '005438', 'UG', 'Acrylic and Mixed Media', 'This course takes a materially specific approach to painting projects involving acrylic and mixed media. Emphasis is placed on creative problem solving in the context of contemporary art practice. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'FINE', '005439', 'UG', 'Principles of Sculpture', 'This studio course is designed to introduce students to a variety of traditional and contemporary approaches, materials, processes, and conceptual concerns related to working in sculpture. Through demonstrations, presentations, critiques, and discussions, students gain expertise and develop a sculptural vocabulary. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'FINE', '005440', 'UG', 'Methods and Materials of Sculpture', 'This studio course emphasizes practical applications of traditional and contemporary materials, processes, and conceptual concerns. [Note: Studio course]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'FINE', '005441', 'UG', 'Clay Studies', 'Students will explore the creative development of clay and examine cultural, historical, and personal modes of expression using a variety of construction techniques. Students will explore figurative and abstract sculptural concepts to develop a working knowledge of clay as a sculptural medium. The emphasis is on design, form, and visual thinking. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'FINE', '005442', 'UG', 'Expressive Drawing', 'Expressive drawing techniques are emphasized through study with the life model. Conceptual drawing projects provide the student with the opportunity to produce bodies of work. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'FINE', '005443', 'UG', 'Observational Drawing', 'Observational techniques are used to develop an understanding of the principles and concepts of drawing practice. [Note: Studio course. This course includes a significant component of mandatory life drawing from the nude model.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'FINE', '005445', 'UG', 'Printmaking', 'Students are introduced to a variety of printmaking processes. Techniques explored include etching, engraving, monoprinting, collograph, and lithography. Training in traditional skills is combined with opportunities for individual expression. [Note: Studio course.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'FINE', '005452', 'UG', 'Design and Imaging', 'In this course students will explore the fundamentals of design through a series of exercises and assignments that cultivate artistic expression and technical skill. Through an exploration of both analogue and digital processes, students will learn to apply the principles of aesthetic design to a variety of contexts, including two-dimensional space, three-dimensional form, and digital frameworks. [Note: Studio course. Previous experience with digital imaging software is useful.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100 or 130; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone. Antireq: DAC 201; GBDA 101; FINE 228/GBDA 228 taken prior to fall 2017', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'FINE', '005453', 'UG', 'Analogue and Digital Photography', 'Students will explore black and white analogue (film) and digital photography techniques and history, taught through a series of exercises, with an emphasis on fine arts practice. [Note: Studio course. Students are required to own or have access to a fully manual 35mm film camera and/or digital camera.]', 'Prereq: FINE 100; Fine Arts Health and Safety Milestone; Fine Arts Woodshop Workshop Milestone', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'RS', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FINE', '005468', 'UG', 'Religion in Popular Film', 'This course examines how religion has been a central concern and inspiration for filmmakers and how popular films have informed and shaped our understanding of religion. [Note: Film Studies Course. This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', 'Antireq: RS 270R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'RS', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'FINE', '005469', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Religion and Film', 'This course focuses on a specific genre or theme to explore the complex\nrelationship between cinema and religion. [Note: Film Studies course. This\ncourse fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors. This\ncourse is repeatable up to five times, subject to different content. RS 271\nwas formerly RS 271R.]', 'Antireq: RS 271R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'FINE', '005475', 'UG', 'Art and Gender', 'A study of selected themes dealing with gender in the history of art: e.g., the representation of the human body; portrayal of mythological, spiritual, and allegorical figures; professional and amateur artists and their status within societies; etc. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'FINE', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('241', 'CLAS', '005478', 'UG', 'Survey of Greek Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Greek art and architecture from the earliest times to the coming of the Romans. Material studied may include the art of the Bronze Age, the development of Greek sculpture, the evolution of the Acropolis at Athens, and the change in art and architecture after Alexander the Great.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'FINE', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242', 'CLAS', '005480', 'UG', 'Survey of Roman Art and Architecture', 'A survey of Roman art and architecture from the earliest times to the age of Constantine the Great. Material studied may include the art of the Etruscans, the evolution of Roman portraiture, innovations in architectural materials and forms, the use of art and architecture by the Emperors, and the change to Late Antique art.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'FINE', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'INDG', '005483', 'UG', 'Indigenous Visual Culture in Canada', 'This course will introduce students to issues in contemporary Indigenous visual culture within the Canadian context. Special attention will be paid to the complexities of contemporary art and cultural practices. The course will examine both practice and relevant theoretical paradigms. [Note: Art History course]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'FINE', '005485', 'UG', 'Contemporary Art', 'A survey of contemporary international art movements with emphasis on work since 1970. Readings in contemporary criticism and gallery visits are an integral part of the course. [Note: Art History course. To be taken in 2B.]', 'Prereq: VCULT/FINE 101; FINE 112, 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'FINE', '005499', 'UG', 'Topics Course in Museums, Galleries, Curatorship', 'Often taught by the University of Waterloo Curator, this course explores a range of topics dealing with museums, galleries, and curatorial practices. Field visits may be a required component of this course. [Note: A field trip fee of up to $100 may be required. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'FINE', '005500', 'UG', 'Art of the 18th Century in Europe', 'This course is designed to introduce students to the culture of 18th-century Europe. Particular attention is paid to France and Britain but these countries are discussed within the wider context of Europe and, at times, much of the world. By looking at the art, artists, patrons, and collectors, some of the issues that will be discussed include cosmopolitanism, nationalism, empire-building, \"taste\", consumerism, and women in society. [Note: Art History course. Formerly FINE 331]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: FINE 331', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FINE', '005501', 'UG', 'History of Art Academies', 'This course examines the history of the institutionalization of the teaching of art. The course is organized as a series of case studies dealing with various formal academies of art and less formal gatherings of artists from the Renaissance to the 20th century. The aims of the course are to analyze why these institutions were formed, how they were organized, what were their mandates, and what was their status in their contemporary worlds. Some of the themes that will be investigated throughout the course include: art in the service of power and politics, the status of the artist, the ideal human form, the classical and medieval traditions, the impact of the avant-garde, the conflict with authority, and the academy as community. [Note: Art History course]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Fine Arts or History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'FINE', '005523', 'UG', 'Technology Art Studio', 'This unique upper-level course is focused on interdisciplinary collaboration. Students work in teams to create aesthetically and technically engaging works of art that bridge the worlds of fine art and engineering. Students learn about conceptual development and critical analysis, prototyping, iterative design, and interactivity. The course provides the opportunity for students to share knowledge and develop skills outside of their discipline. Through lectures and presentations students are exposed to a history of art that uses different forms of technology and interactivity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'FINE', '005533', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 1', 'This thesis course involves an intensive exploration and development of individual studio research through practice and experimentation, resulting in the production of a significant body of work. Students will be guided by the work of relevant artists and theorists. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FINE', '005534', 'UG', 'Fine Arts Honours Thesis 2', 'This thesis course will continue to guide students in the development of their individual studio research as they work towards completion of a significant body of work supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. In addition to embedded professional practice, an important part of the culminating year is critiques by other faculty members, graduate students, visiting artists, and fellow students.', 'Prereq: FINE 327 and 1.0 unit of 300-level studio courses; Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice. Antireq: FINE 474, FINE 476', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('474', 'FINE', '005535', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 1', 'This course provides Fine Arts students with an opportunity to study a range of topics that will explore, expand, and refine personal areas of interest in studio practice. Students will be required to undertake a range of classroom assignments in addition to working independently on an area of focus. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts faculty.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Fine Arts Studio Practice', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'FINE', '005536', 'UG', 'Honours Studio Practicum 2', 'Students will research and execute a series of self-directed projects, addressing historical precedents in the context of the concerns of contemporary art practice, and supported and complemented by appropriate documentation. Submitted studio work will be evaluated by a committee of Fine Arts Faculty.', 'Prereq: FINE 474', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('151', 'FR', '005547', 'UG', 'Basic French 1', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French not exceeding Year Two (Grade 10 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: One of FR 101, Ontario Grade 9 or 10 French. Antireq: FR 152, FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 11 French, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('152', 'FR', '005548', 'UG', 'Basic French 2', 'For students with some elementary or secondary school French, not exceeding Year Three (Grade 11 in Ontario) or equivalent. Emphasizes comprehension, grammar, and basic speaking skills.', 'Prereq: FR 151 or Ontario Grade 11 French. Antireq: FR 192A, FR 192B; Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French, high school Immersion or Extended French; advanced, near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192A', 'FR', '005551', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 1', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: One of FR 152, Ontario Grade 12 French, 4U Core French. Antireq: FR 192B; High school Immersion or Extended French; near-native, or native ability in French', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('192B', 'FR', '005552', 'UG', 'French Language 1: Module 2', 'An intensive French Language course. Vocabulary enrichment and development of reading, writing, and oral expression.', 'Prereq: High school Immersion French or Extended French or FR 192A. Antireq: Near-native or native ability in French.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'FR', '005565', 'UG', 'Introduction to Phonetics of French', 'An introduction to the structure of the French sound system with a view to improving pronunciation. Careful attention will be paid to the individual student''s difficulties.', 'Prereq: FR 192A or 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'FR', '005579', 'UG', 'Intermediate Spoken French', 'A course intended to develop the oral and aural skills. [Note: Formerly FR 250A]', 'Coreq: FR 192B. Antireq: FR 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'FR', '005580', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 1', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'FR', '005582', 'UG', 'French Language 2: Module 2', 'Intensive work on grammar and written French.', 'Prereq: FR 192B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'FR', '005586', 'UG', 'Business French 1', 'A French language course designed to enable the student to carry on standard business practice in spoken and written French.', 'Prereq: Two of FR 192A, 192B, 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'FR', '005593', 'UG', 'French Civilization 1', 'This course traces the cultural development of France from its origin to the French Revolution. Emphasis is given to the study of music, art, architecture, literature, ideas, and daily life in their historical context. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 197/296', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'FR', '005594', 'UG', 'French Civilization 2', 'This course completes the study of the cultural development of France from the French Revolution to the present. [Note: Taught in English.]', 'Antireq: FR 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'FR', '005601', 'UG', 'Introduction to Linguistics', 'An introduction to the basic principles of linguistic analysis (as opposed to traditional grammar) applied to the sounds, vocabulary and sentence structure of contemporary standard French and certain features of current Canadian French. Students'' language learning needs will be an important feature of the course.', 'Prereq: FR 251 or 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'FR', '005605', 'UG', '17th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 17th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'FR', '005609', 'UG', '18th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 18th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'FR', '005613', 'UG', 'French Language 3', 'Intensive development of writing skills through a study of stylistics and advanced composition.', 'Prereq: FR 251, 252', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'FR', '005616', 'UG', '19th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 19th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'FR', '005619', 'UG', '20th-Century French Literature', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of 20th-century French literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'FR', '005625', 'UG', 'Quebec Literature', 'A study of selected texts by modern French-Canadian authors.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399A', 'FR', '005634', 'UG', 'Independent Cultural Study', 'An independent study course, in which the student chooses an area of French life on which to make a detailed study (topic must be approved by the department). A written cultural studies report is submitted, on which the student is examined orally.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'FR', '005635', 'UG', 'Advanced Translation', 'Intensive development of advanced comparative stylistics, translation, and composition skills.', 'Prereq: FR 353; one of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'FR', '005640', 'UG', 'Topics in Linguistics', 'A study of selected topics in linguistics. Topics will be chosen by the professor according to their area of specialization. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 203 or FR 303', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('410', 'FR', '005642', 'UG', 'Medieval French Literature', 'An introduction to French literature of the Middle Ages through the study of representative texts.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('424', 'FR', '005648', 'UG', '16th-Century French Literature', 'A focused study of a particular theme of Renaissance (1500-1600) writing.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'FR', '005651', 'UG', 'Advanced French Language', 'Intensive study of French composition, style, and grammar.', 'Prereq: One of FR 351, 392A, 392B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'FR', '005652', 'UG', 'Francophone Literatures in Canada', 'A detailed study of a selected genre or aspect of French-Canadian literature.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('473', 'FR', '005653', 'UG', 'Aspects of French Canada', 'A presentation of traditional and contemporary French Canada in the fields of the arts, literature, music, politics, and society.', 'Prereq: FR 276; one of FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'FR', '005657', 'UG', 'Children''s Literature in French', 'A detailed study of selected aspects of French and French-Canadian children''s literature.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'FR', '005658', 'UG', 'French Women Writers', 'A study of selected works by women writers in France from the Middle Ages to the 21st-century. The course will focus on the literary features of these works and on their value as reflections of the position of women in French society throughout the period.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('487', 'FR', '005660', 'UG', 'African and Caribbean French Literature', 'A detailed survey of selected Francophone writers from outside Europe and Canada.', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'FR', '005661', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'FR', '005662', 'UG', 'Senior Tutorials', 'A small group of students follows a course of study under the supervision of a faculty member. For details, inquire with the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: FR 197/296, 297', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'MTE', '005779', 'UG', 'Digital Computation', 'Introduction to electronic digital computers, hardware and software organization, examples of efficient numerical algorithms for basic scientific computations. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CHE 121, CIVE 121, ECE 150, GENE 121, ME 101, MSCI 121, SYDE 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'GENE', '005780', 'UG', 'Electrical Circuits and Instrumentation', 'Charge, current and voltage. Voltage and current sources, resistors, capacitors and inductors. Ohm''s Law, Kirchhoff''s Laws, nodal analysis, Thevenin and Norton models, instrumentation amplifier circuits, time response, impedance. Function and characteristics of basic electrical transducers. Resolution, precision and accuracy. Basics of data acquisition. [Note: Normally labs are held alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Chemical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, Management or Mechanical Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'GENE', '005786', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'GENE', '005787', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 3A or 3B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GENE', '005788', 'UG', 'International Studies in Engineering', 'Engineering students register for this course for credit towards the International Studies in Engineering Option upon return from study or work terms abroad. Credit will be assessed on the basis of a written report and individual interviews. The report may include technical, non-technical, and professional aspects of the foreign residence experience. It may discuss socio-economic aspects of life in the foreign country, and it may compare and contrast conditions in the country or countries involved in the student''s international experiences, or trace the social or political histories of those countries. In all cases the report must include materials addressed to the needs of other students considering a similar experience. The instructor for this course is the Option co-ordinator. Restricted to students who intend to complete the International Studies in Engineering Option. [Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'GENE', '005789', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GENE', '005807', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GENE', '005809', 'UG', 'Special Directed Studies', 'This course is provided to allow enrichment for students in engineering who have fulfilled the requirements of one or more of the courses in the 4A or 4B term by means of passing a course or courses taken during one or more work terms. The course comprises a special project pursued under the direction of a faculty member, normally in the department of the student''s plan. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: W]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'GENE', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Engineering students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PHIL', '005811', 'UG', 'Ethics and the Engineering Profession', 'An analysis from the standpoint of philosophical ethics of moral issues arising in professional engineering practice. Issues include the social responsibility of engineers, conflict of interest and obligation, morally acceptable levels of risk, and moral implications of technology.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('415', 'GENE', '005812', 'UG', 'Special Directed Non-Technical Studies', 'This course is provided for students who, through academic studies during international exchange programs or other university related scholarly activities, wish to request a course credit for this work. Students wishing to claim this credit must show evidence of university level academic activity not otherwise claimed for credit. [Note: Permission of the Associate Chair of the Department in which the student is registered is required. Offered: F,W,S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'MSCI', '005813', 'UG', 'Technical Entrepreneurship', 'Technical entrepreneurship is examined considering the role of independent business, entrepreneurial behaviour, types of business and enterprises, business structure, sources of venture concepts and capital, company operation and control, and business start up. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('501', 'GENE', '005816', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('502', 'GENE', '005817', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('503', 'GENE', '005818', 'UG', 'Directed Studies for Visiting Exchange Students', 'An assignment of study or project work under the direction of a faculty member. The specific project is established on the basis of a written proposal that is agreed to by the supervisors at both the host and home institutions. The academic level and the time commitment shall be specified in the proposal. Registration is restricted to international exchange students at Waterloo under an Exchange Agreement with the Faculty of Engineering. Candidates for degrees at the University of Waterloo are not eligible. [Note: A student must arrange with a Waterloo faculty member to serve as advisor prior to registering for this course. Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Engineering exchange students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GEOE', '005820', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 1', 'Students undertake an independent geological engineering design project during the last two terms of their plan. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate students'' abilities to practise in a geological engineering capacity in their chosen area of expertise, using knowledge gained from their academic and employment experiences. The first part of the project (GEOE 400) will include problem identification, generation and selection of solutions, and time management. Incorporation of technical, ecological, social, political, and economic issues in the solution for the project will be required. A basic requirement of the proposed solution is that it must be compatible with the principles of sustainability. Requirements include proposal, progress report, and a final report containing recommendations for part two of the project, GENE 401. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4A Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'GEOE', '005821', 'UG', 'Geological Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of GEOE 400. The final design of the major geological engineering project proposed in GEOE 400 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design of the solution proposed in GEOE 400. Requirements of this part of the two-term project include a symposium presentation and a final report. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: 4B Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GEOG', '005823', 'UG', 'Human Geographies: People, Space and Change', 'An introduction to human geography through key subfields of the discipline, examining population change, the rise of cities, our relationship to nature, social inequalities, economic forms, cultural difference and environmental change at the local and global scale.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GEOG', '005824', 'UG', 'Global Environmental Systems: Processes and Change', 'An introductory course in the study of the energy and mass flows that impact the climate and landscape of the Earth system. There is focus on understanding processes of change and variability as well as the impacts of humans on these systems that increasingly define the Anthropocene.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305', 'GEOG', '005834', 'UG', 'Fluvial Geomorphology', 'Emphasis on concepts related to fluvial processes, river mechanics, the relationship between environmental change and river regime. Selected topics include fluvial processes and landscape formation, flow and sediment regimes, channel processes, form and behaviour, river response to natural and anthropogenic change, and river management. [Note: Formerly GEOG 201]', 'Prereq: GEOG 205 or ENVS 274 001 F19 or level at least 2A Environmental Sciences, Water Science Specialization students. Antireq: GEOG 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GEOG', '005839', 'UG', 'Geography of the Global Economy', 'An introduction to globalization of the world economy through an examination of its causes, patterns, and consequences in a variety of geographic contexts.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101 or ENVS 195', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'GEOG', '005895', 'UG', 'Geomorphology and the Southern Ontario Environment', 'Study of the origin and evolution of landforms with emphasis on southern Ontario. Analysis of geomorphic processes. Study of human impact on geomorphological landscapes. The lectures will be supplemented by field trips and field work required for term projects. [Note: Field trip fee normally $55+HST; will not exceed $75+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 201/305 or 209; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'GEOG', '005898', 'UG', 'Physical Hydrology', 'Fundamental processes in physical hydrology are addressed. Components of the water balance are examined to determine the nature of their variation in time and space. Precipitation, interception, infiltration, groundwater and soil water processes, evapotranspiration, runoff and storage will be examined from a theoretical and practical viewpoint, and their linkages demonstrated by lab and fieldwork. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('309', 'GEOG', '005902', 'UG', 'Physical Climatology', 'Principles of physical climatology with emphasis on regional and global change and variability. Topics include radiation and energy balances, general circulation patterns, synoptic development and micro-climatology.', 'Prereq: GEOG 102 or EARTH 121 or Science and Aviation plans', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'GEOG', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PLAN', '005905', 'UG', 'Multivariate Statistics', 'The theory and application of multivariate statistics, with particular emphasis upon the use of the computer.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'GEOG', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PLAN', '005908', 'UG', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Advanced quantitative analysis in a spatial context. A selection of techniques from sampling, geostatistics, point pattern analysis and cluster detection, spatial classification, and spatial data mining.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'GEOG', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'PLAN', '005909', 'UG', 'Economic Analyses for Regional Planning', 'Practical application and critical appraisal of regional analysis techniques used by planners, economic developers and consultants. Problem based approaches to understanding the strength and leverage of business and industrial sectors, projection and forecasting, employment and demographic trends, investment decision-making and cost benefit analysis.', 'Prereq: ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GEOG', '005911', 'UG', 'Geographical Study of Canada', 'An exploration of the geographical bases of Canada''s regional identity. How physical, demographic, and economic geographies have combined to create unique regions within Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'GEOG', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 230, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('383', 'REC', '005912', 'UG', 'Tourism Impacts - International Perspectives', 'The course examines the nature, significance, and costs and benefits of tourism in the context of tourism destinations in developed and developing countries. It employs an international perspective to assess the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of tourism in diverse settings.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 233, REC 280, PLAN 362', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'GEOG', '005924', 'UG', 'Settlements of Rural Canada', 'An historical perspective is used to explore the shifting identities of Canada''s dispersed and nucleated rural settlements. Rural growth, decline and restructuring are examined, including a discussion of how various intervention approaches stimulate changes.', 'Prereq: GEOG 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GEOG', '005934', 'UG', 'Geography of Transportation', 'Focuses on Canadian transportation systems and issues and is organized into three modules: links between transportation and regional economic development, urban land use - transportation interactions, and sustainable transportation. Approximately one-quarter of the course focuses on analytic techniques including network analysis, category analysis, and the gravity model. Particular attention is paid to trends in air travel and related issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Geography, Geomatics, Planning, or Science and Aviation students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'GEOG', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('387', 'PLAN', '005943', 'UG', 'Spatial Databases', 'This course focuses on design and development of a GIS database. It addresses theoretical issues regarding data models used in GIS and data modeling techniques used in designing spatial databases. It considers the processing required to input data from a variety of sources and clean and edit a multi-theme database and introduces students to creation and use of internet map services.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'GEOG', '005945', 'UG', 'Resources Management', 'Reviews selected theories, methods, and terminology related to economic, behavioural, institutional and decision-making aspects of resources and environmental problems.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 2B Faculty of Environment students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'GEOG', '005978', 'UG', 'Field Research', 'Field research course in which a specific area will be analyzed from a geographic point of view. Individual or group analysis of specific field problems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $50+HST; will not exceed $150+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293 or GEOG 294; ENVS 278. Antireq: GEOG 392', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('293', 'GEOG', '005982', 'UG', 'Approaches to Research in Human Geography', 'This course develops student skills in the area of research in human geography emphasizing all aspects of design, measurement, and evaluation with a particular emphasis on personal transferable skills (e.g., oral and written communication, working as part of a team). [Note: Formerly GEOG 393]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Geography and Environmental Management, Geography and Aviation, or Geomatics students only. Antireq: GEOG 393', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('405', 'GEOG', '005992', 'UG', 'Wetlands', 'Basic concepts on the distribution, classification, development, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of wetlands with an emphasis on temperate and boreal/subarctic systems. Human impacts, restoration and reclamation of wetlands are considered with the view of wetlands as functional ecosystems. [Note: Field trip fee normally $20+HST; will not exceed $55+HST. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123 and ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'GEOG', '005994', 'UG', 'Environmental Hydrology of Terrestrial Ecosystems', 'This course focuses on ecological and biogeochemical processes that are linked to the terrestrial hydrological cycle and how these relate to the management of natural resources. The objectives of this interdisciplinary course are to explore topics that integrate ecosystem processes with physical hydrology and examine the impacts of human activities on ecohydrological and hydrochemical processes within terrestrial systems. This course focusses on the storage and movement of water, solutes and nutrients within selected ecosystems (forests, agricultural, wetlands), considering the biogeochemical consequences of human activity such as climate change, wetland drainage, agriculture, and forest harvesting. [Note: WHMIS required.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 209 or EARTH 123; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('409', 'GEOG', '005996', 'UG', 'Energy Balance Climatology', 'A field and lecture course including the radiation and energy balances of various surfaces, the principles of turbulent energy exchange, and the biotic response to the energy environment. These concepts will be illustrated through the collection and examination of field data. The student will be responsible for presentation of a seminar on an assigned topic as well as presentation of the results of research incorporating data collected at the University of Waterloo weather station.', 'Prereq: GEOG 309', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('411', 'GEOG', '005998', 'UG', 'The Digital Economy', 'This course explores the spatial, social, cultural, and economic impacts of digital and social media on society from the perspective of economic geography. Content will cover contemporary issues about digital media and economic spaces that create spatial patterns (including international differences) of digital media access and use, social media economies, the sharing economy, influencer and streamer economies, and global online work platforms.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 F17, GEOG 474 001 S18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'GEOG', '006007', 'UG', 'Geographies of Development', 'Examines international development theories and practice, emphasizing the interactions between social, economic, political, and environmental dimensions at the micro- and macro-scales. Selected case studies illustrate divergent outcomes of development and the contested process that development represents.', 'Prereq: GEOG 202 or GEOG 203 or Level at least 3A Faculty of Environment students only. Antireq: GEOG 474 001 W18', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430A', 'GEOG', '006008', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430B', 'GEOG', '006009', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('430C', 'GEOG', '006010', 'UG', 'Field Research in Regional Geography', 'Detailed analysis of a selected region with major emphasis upon a field examination of the region (several weeks duration). Offering dependent upon faculty availability and student enrolment. For additional information on duration, itinerary, and travel costs of course offerings, contact the Geography Undergraduate Advisor.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'GEOG', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PLAN', '006011', 'UG', 'Changing Form and Structure of Metropolitan Canada', 'Selected analysis of processes, problems and planning issues associated with the internal growth and spatial reorganization of Canadian metropolitan areas. Three or four topics are chosen for detailed investigation; these will vary from year to year.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 426, GEOG/PLAN 349, PLAN 362, PLAN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'GEOG', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'PLAN', '006014', 'UG', 'Advanced Geographic Information Systems', 'Students learn theoretical and operational approaches to advanced spatial analysis using geographical information systems. Emphasis is placed on the use of automation procedures using models and programming to address a variety of topics that may include but are not limited to digital terrain modeling, suitability analysis, network analysis, and cell-based models. The domain of spatial problems explored may vary by instructor.', 'Prereq: GEOG/PLAN 255 or GEOG/PLAN 281', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'GEOG', '006015', 'UG', 'Energy and Sustainability', 'Renewable and non-renewable energy supply systems are compared using economic and environmental measures. Consumption trends and conservation options are considered at the local and global level. Projects are used to demonstrate the economic and environmental challenges in the design of a sustainable energy system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'GEOG', '006019', 'UG', 'Remote Sensing Project', 'Digital image analysis for resource mapping and evaluation using remote sensing data. Topics range from initial data selection to final map production and assessment. Using commercial image analysis software, students will analyse data for a selected area and produce a portfolio of results. In addition, they will undertake a literature review on a selected topic and present highlights of the review at an end-of-term mini-conference.', 'Prereq: GEOG 371; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490A', 'GEOG', '006045', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Preparation', 'Preparatory work and first draft of thesis. [Note: Students must have a thesis advisor for department consent to be granted. WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 293/393 or 294/394; Level at least 3A Honours', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490B', 'GEOG', '006046', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis Completion', 'Completion of thesis. [Note: WHMIS may be required pending project lab analysis.]', 'Prereq: GEOG 490A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GER', '006056', 'UG', 'Elementary German 1', 'This course aims to bring German language, culture, and everyday life into the classroom. Students with little or no prior knowledge are introduced to the structure of German and develop their listening/comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Classes are communicative and emphasize interaction in German. Online exercises and audio/video materials accompany each chapter of the textbook. [Note: GER 101 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GER', '006057', 'UG', 'Elementary German 2', 'A continuation of GER 101. [Note: GER 102 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 101. Antireq: 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GER', '006070', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 1', 'This course continues the work of GER 101/102. It offers practice in speaking, reading, and writing, with vocabulary building, grammar, and exercises in comprehension. [Note: GER 201 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 201 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 102 or 4U German', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GER', '006072', 'UG', 'Intermediate German 2', 'Strengthening of communicative skills, grammar review, vocabulary building, written practice, and conversation on issues of contemporary life in German-speaking countries. [Note: GER 202 and GER 211 can be taken concurrently. GER 202 is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Prereq: GER 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'GER', '006084', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: Objects', 'An exploration of human-made objects that open up perspectives on German-speaking society and culture. Objects to be studied might include the Berlin Wall, the swastika, Luther''s Bible, donairs, and Volkswagens. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('272', 'GER', '006085', 'UG', 'German Thought and Culture: People', 'An exploration of key figures whose contributions to the arts and intellectual life have shaped German-speaking society and culture. Persons to be studied might include Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Leni Riefenstahl, and Hannah Arendt. Students acquire skills in cultural analysis and learn about major developments in literature, philosophy, religion, art, architecture, and music. [Note: Taught in English.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'GER', '006125', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the fall term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'GER', '006128', 'UG', 'Waterloo in Germany Program', 'Study abroad at a German university in the winter term.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'GER', '006143', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Project', 'German Honours students in their third or fourth year may complete, with departmental permission, a major project, the results of which must be presented in a substantial essay. The topic should reflect the student''s field of interest. [Note: Requests for permission should be submitted to the undergraduate officer, in consultation with the intended faculty advisor, and should include an outline of the project and a bibliography. The project will be assessed and graded by two faculty members.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('495', 'GER', '006144', 'UG', 'Reading Course in Approved Topics', 'Reading course in topics chosen in consultation with an advisor. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401A', 'GERON', '006160', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401B', 'GERON', '006161', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Aging', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through independent research and/or extensive reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration for this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'GRK', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'RS', '006164', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 1', 'This course is designed for students beginning the study of ancient Greek. It covers the foundational grammar of Attic and Hellenistic Greek and is the first step in preparing students to read original ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Antireq: GRK/RS 133', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'GRK', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'RS', '006165', 'UG', 'Introductory Ancient Greek 2', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 101/RS 101. The majority of the rules of ancient Greek grammar will be covered by the end of the course. Students will begin to read more complex ancient Greek texts relevant to the study of classical studies and religious studies.', 'Prereq: GRK 101/RS 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GRK', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'RS', '006166', 'UG', 'Intermediate Greek', 'This course is a continuation of GRK 102/RS 102. It will complete the initial study of ancient Greek grammar and devote substantial time to the reading of ancient Greek literature. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK/RS 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'GRK', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'RS', '006169', 'UG', 'Selections from Greek Authors', 'This course is designed to follow GRK 201/RS 201 and to expand students'' experience of reading ancient Greek texts for the study of classical studies and religious studies. Texts read will include a selection of poetry and prose in a variety of fields, including authors such as Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Plato, the New Testament, and Josephus.', 'Prereq: GRK 201/RS 223', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'GRK', '006175', 'UG', 'Greek Composition, Grammar and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: GRK 202/RS 224', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'HIST', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'LS', '006194', 'UG', 'Law and Society in the Middle Ages', 'A study of the laws and legal procedures of the Middle Ages. This course examines the relationship between legal procedures and institutions and the medieval societies that produced them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HIST', '006196', 'UG', 'War and Society in Europe, 1914-1945', 'This course explores the impact of World Wars 1 and 2 on European society, with a special emphasis on the experiences of the ordinary person.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'HIST', '006208', 'UG', 'Canadian History Through Biography', 'An examination through lectures and films of the lives of Canadian men and women who have played formative roles in developing the Canadian nation. Examples will be drawn from such areas as politics, religion, business and labour, social reform, arts and entertainment, and sports.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'HIST', '006209', 'UG', 'An Introduction to Western Intellectual History Since the Renaissance', 'An exploration of some of the questions and answers posed by thinkers on the human predicament from Renaissance and Reformation times to the modern period. Readings range from Luther to J.P. Sartre, Shakespeare to Marx and Freud.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'HIST', '006211', 'UG', 'Canada at War', 'This course introduces students to the ways in which historians have examined Canada''s military experience. Beginning with the Boer War, and continuing through the two World Wars and the post-war era, students examine the political, social, as well as military effects of war on Canada.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'HIST', '006219', 'UG', 'The Modern World in Historical Perspective', 'This survey of the 20th century explores the non-Western world''s response to a series of selected global themes: the rise of the West; post-colonialism; war and peace; human migration; culture; international organizations; climate change; human rights; disease; and globalization.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HIST', '006220', 'UG', 'History and Film', 'An introduction to issues in modern cultural history through the study of selected narratives and documentary films with supplementary reading, lectures, and discussions. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'HIST', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'REC', '006230', 'UG', 'History of Western Sport', 'This course considers the historical impact of Western sport. It traces the history from individual play through amateurism to professionalism, big business, and media. It examines sport''s social role within local, national, and international communities, and its relationship to class, gender, leisure, race, and politics.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'HIST', '006239', 'UG', 'Smallpox to Medicare: Canadian Medical History', 'Starting with Aboriginal medicine, the course examines topics such as the rise of the medical and nursing professions, changing public attitudes to health and disease, and the evolution of the Canadian health insurance system.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'HIST', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'CLAS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'LS', '006241', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Law', 'A historical introduction to law in the ancient world. Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, and Roman law, legal practices, and concepts will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'HIST', '006243', 'UG', 'British History to 1485', 'A survey of the main stages in the transition of Britain from a remote province of the Roman Empire to a prominent state in post-Reformation Europe. Within the chronological framework, political and constitutional as well as ecclesiastical and social developments will be examined.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213', 'HIST', '006246', 'UG', 'A History of Popular Culture', 'This course introduces students to the history of Western popular culture and may include the study of popular literature, spectacle and performance, witchcraft, crime, sexual attitudes, consumption, sports, advertising, and the media.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'HIST', '006263', 'UG', 'Racism and Response in Canadian History', 'The \"race problem\" has appeared on the Canadian public agenda, but the issue is not of recent origin. This course examines Euro-Canadian attitudes and practices toward non-European minorities from pioneer times to the present and sets racial policies in the context of the evolution of a Canadian national identity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('223', 'HIST', '006267', 'UG', 'The Holocaust in History', 'An examination of the Holocaust in the context of the history of modern racism. Study topics will include historic anti-Judaism, scientific racism and the development of modern antisemitism, Nazi \"race\" ideology, wartime policies from ghetto to genocide, resistance movements, Nuremberg trials, Holocaust denial, and universal lessons from the Holocaust.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'HIST', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'CLAS', '006279', 'UG', 'The Ancient Near East and Egypt', 'A study of the civilizations of the ancient Near East focusing on Mesopotamia (Sumer and Akkad, the Babylonian Dynasty, and the Third Dynasty of Ur), Hatti, Assyria, Egypt, and Persia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'HIST', '006281', 'UG', 'History of Modern China, 1911 to the Present', 'Some of the topics studied in this course include: the three stages of warlordism, the May Fourth Movement, and the structure of society in the People''s Republic of China.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('243', 'HIST', '006285', 'UG', 'European Business History: From Workshop to Factory and Beyond', 'This course examines the changing nature of work and the workplace in Europe and the impact of those changes on European society. The objective of this course is to develop a better understanding of today''s workplace and its challenges by exploring its historical roots and the forces that gave it shape.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'HIST', '006291', 'UG', 'Mennonite History: A Survey', 'This course covers Mennonite origins, teachings, migrations, settlement patterns, divisions, leaders, institutions, and religious and social practices, indeed all facets of Mennonite history in various national settings.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HIST', '006296', 'UG', 'Canada and the Americas', 'This course will examine the economic, cultural, and diplomatic aspects of Canada''s relationship with the United States, Latin America, and the Commonwealth Caribbean from the time of the American Revolution to the present.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'HIST', '006298', 'UG', 'What is History? An Introduction to Historical Thinking', 'This course provides a collegial learning setting within which students are introduced to techniques of historical writing and research, and some examples of the best of recent historical scholarship.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A History', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'HIST', '006302', 'UG', 'Canada: Cultures and Conflicts in the Colonial Era', 'This course examines the major themes in pre-Confederation Canadian history including the rise and fall of New France, the creation of British North American societies in the Maritimes and Upper Canada, and economic and political development.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'HIST', '006304', 'UG', 'Canada Since 1867: A New Nation', 'This course examines Confederation, the rise of political parties, Canadian external relations, western discontent, the impact of both World Wars, and political and economic changes in Canada since 1867.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'HIST', '006309', 'UG', 'The United States Through the Civil War Era', 'This historical survey focuses on the emergence of the United States as a nation. The topics explored may include Indigenous peoples, slavery, race, gender, labour, immigration, urbanization, culture, sectionalism, politics, and ideologies.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('258', 'HIST', '006310', 'UG', 'The United States Since the Civil War Era', 'This course begins in the aftermath of the Civil War and ends at the present day. Topics may include major social movements, the place of the United States in world politics, immigration and imperialism, and the economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'HIST', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MEDVL', '006314', 'UG', 'Medieval Europe c.300-c.1500', 'The political, cultural, economic, and ecclesiastical development of Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the end of the high middle ages.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'HIST', '006316', 'UG', 'Early Modern Europe 1450-1700', 'This course examines European life in the Early Modern Period (1450-1700) and investigates the social, political, religious, and intellectual changes during the Renaissance, the Reformations, and the era of explorations.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('263', 'HIST', '006317', 'UG', 'The Age of Revolution: Europe in the 19th Century', 'This period marks the emergence of modern-day Europe. The course focuses on the way in which European society, politics, and culture changed, and why. It also examines the continent''s descent into war in 1914.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'HIST', '006342', 'UG', 'The Vietnam War', 'The Vietnam War, the longest war in U.S. history, was fought on two fronts, by American GIs abroad and anti-war protesters at home. Those two subjects, as well as a history of the war from Vietnamese perspectives, are the focus of this course.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'HIST', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'LS', '006346', 'UG', 'Human Rights in Historical Perspective', 'A detailed analysis of selected topics in the history of human rights. Special attention will be paid to revolutionary developments since World War II, and to the emergence of modern human rights policies. Topics will be examined through assigned readings, lectures, and films.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('329', 'HIST', '006352', 'UG', 'Origins of the Common Law', 'A study of the common law of England from its introduction in the 11th century to the 15th century. Original documents and court cases will be examined.', 'Prereq: HIST 236/LS 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HIST', '006359', 'UG', 'A Social History of Europe: 1789-1914', 'European society amidst the dramatic changes of the 19th century. Emphasis is given to the impact of the French and industrial revolutions on class, the family, religion, and living conditions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HIST', '006360', 'UG', 'The Nazi Occupation of Europe', 'This course examines the nature and impact of Nazi occupation on Western and Eastern Europe preceding and during World War II and the responses of the people occupied.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'HIST', '006372', 'UG', 'Russia: From Tsars to Putin', 'This course examines the history of Russia and the Soviet Union from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Topics include: origins and nature of the Russian Revolution, communist society, Stalinism, the Cold War, and impact of the communist experience on contemporary Russia.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'HIST', '006373', 'UG', 'Nazi Germany', 'An examination of the social, economic, and political history of Nazi Germany. Topics may include the rise of the Nazis, the secret police, war, population policies and mass murder, culture, and women.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('374', 'HIST', '006377', 'UG', 'Canada''s Social History', 'A topical consideration of key themes, approaches, and chronologies in the history of society in Canada.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('379', 'HIST', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'RS', '006380', 'UG', 'Reformation History', 'A study of the major 16th century reformers, and their intellectual background in humanism and late medieval scholasticism. Special attention will be given to the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and their ideological, social, and political expressions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for RS majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('385', 'HIST', '006381', 'UG', 'From Macdonald to Laurier: Canada, 1841-1921', 'A topical examination of major political and social developments over this eighty-year period. These include Irish immigration, Confederation, the Riel rebellions, social reform, the development of labour and business, and the Boer and First World Wars.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('388', 'HIST', '006384', 'UG', 'Modern Canada', 'Lectures, tutorials, and independent research will provide a decade-by-decade examination of the central social, political, and economic themes that have helped characterize \"modern Canada\".', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('389', 'HIST', '006385', 'UG', 'Canada in World Affairs', 'An analytical and historical examination of Canadian foreign policy in the international system. Domestic sources of Canadian foreign policy and international sources of Canadian foreign policy are examined in detail.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'HIST', '006390', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'HIST', '006392', 'UG', 'Directed Studies in Special Topics', 'Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'HIST', '006416', 'UG', 'Independent Study in Special Topics', 'Under exceptional academic circumstances a student may seek permission to pursue a course of independent study under the direction of a faculty member. The special topic is determined in consultation between them.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A History majors', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'HLTH', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'GERON', '006420', 'UG', 'Aging and Health', 'This course focuses on the challenges facing older adults and on strategies to promote successful aging. A basic understanding of the physical aging process is explored, distinguishing between pathological states/illness and normal change. Many physical changes and associated functional decline are affected by modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and diet. Education, environment, and personal supports also play key roles in preventing illness and accidents (e.g. falls, driving accidents, and medication errors). The course addresses the interests of those working with older adults, and anyone who has older grandparents, parents, or friends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'HLTH', '006421', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 1', 'This course will be of interest to students pursuing careers in health and those with a general interest in health and health care. Various perspectives of the concepts of health and illness will be introduced. Emphasis is on understanding the origins, factors and conditions that determine health throughout the lifespan, how these factors influence one another and the role/impact of health care. Additional topics include how health is measured, the leading causes of death, illness and disability, as well as how health status has changed throughout history. Students will also learn how to research and critically analyze the health literature and discuss important health issues with their peers.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'HLTH', '006422', 'UG', 'Introduction to Health 2', 'This course expands upon the general concepts introduced in HLTH 101 while extending the discussion to include issues such as: additional barriers to health; disease prevention; and methods used to plan, monitor, and improve individual and population health. Discussion will include when various interventions are justified and why, and where and when combinations of policies, treatments, education, and other approaches are necessary. The health of Canadians relative to that of people in other countries, as well as the inequalities that exist in health status within Canada and around the globe will be examined. Case examples will be used to illustrate points.', 'Prereq: HLTH 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'HLTH', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'GERON', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A Gerontology Minor or Option in Aging Studies or Diploma in Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('310', 'KIN', '006426', 'UG', 'Development, Aging, and Health', 'The physiology of human growth, development, and aging is examined, with special reference to the influence of diet, environment, exercise, and disease on the normal processes.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'HLTH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'GERON', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'PSYCH', '006428', 'UG', 'Psychology of Death and Dying', 'Variations in the meaning and significance of death and dying will be considered from a psychological perspective, with particular attention to the contexts (e.g., cultural, familial, life-span developmental) in which these variations occur.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'HLTH', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102 or PSYCH 101/101R or 121R Antireq: HLTH 220, GERON 220 (Cross-listed with GERON 320)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('320', 'GERON', '006429', 'UG', 'Psychosocial Perspectives on Lifespan Development and Health', 'This course will focus on the normative psychosocial aspects of development of the individual and their influence on the individual''s physical and mental health and well-being. Through the use of a developmental systems, lifespan approach, the course will emphasize the life-long process of development. [Note: Formerly HLTH 220/GERON 220]', 'Prereq: HLTH 101 and 102, or PSYCH 101/101R/121R; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'HLTH', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'GERON', '006430', 'UG', 'Canadian Health Systems', 'This course examines Canadian health systems by considering organizational principles, health resources, service utilization, health care planning, and health promotion strategies. There is a focus on societal and political issues which affect the health of the society through the delivery system.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'HLTH', '006431', 'UG', 'Environmental Toxicology and Public Health', 'An introduction to the basic biological and toxicological processes that determine the effects of environmental pollutants on human health. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms that give rise to chronic or delayed health effects, such as cancer, genetic mutations, and birth defects.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273, CHEM 120, and one of KIN 217, CHEM 233, 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'HLTH', '006432', 'UG', 'Principles of Pathobiology', 'An introduction to the study of biological factors governing disease in humans that will use selected diseases to identify risk factors and illustrate pathogenic mechanisms. The role that behaviour has in modifying biological response to disease may also be considered.', 'Prereq: BIOL 130, 273 and (KIN 217 or CHEM 233 or 237)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'KIN', '006434', 'UG', 'Human Nutrition and Metabolism', 'This course will examine advanced nutrient metabolism and the interplay between diet, biochemistry, and health and disease outcomes. Challenges in assessing dietary intake and the impact of aging and other behaviours such as exercise on nutritional status will be examined. Approaches used in nutritional research will also be introduced.', 'Prereq: KIN 146; One of KIN 217, CHEM 233, CHEM 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'HLTH', '006437', 'UG', 'Principles of Environmental & Occupational Health', 'Methodological approaches to the detection, assessment, and management of toxic hazards (especially carcinogens) in the workplace and external environment. The health effects of chemical toxicants on specific human organ systems (lung, nervous system, immune system, etc.) are also examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'HLTH', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'GERON', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107; Gerontology or Option in Aging Studies students only or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'KIN', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'SOC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'REC', '006438', 'UG', 'Sociology of Aging', 'An introduction to individual and population aging. Topics discussed include: aging from a historical and comparative perspective; aging in subcultures; aging and the social structure; aging and social processes; aging and the environment; work and retirement; and aging and leisure patterns.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or AHS/HEALTH 107 or GSJ 101 or GSJ 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'HLTH', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth Year School of Public Health Sciences students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'GERON', '006440', 'UG', 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Aging', 'This course provides an opportunity for critical discussion and analysis of a range of key issues in aging and aging research, and of health system and health policy issues affecting older persons. Speakers will represent a variety of disciplines, reflecting the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives in aging research, as well as the combination of biomedical and psychosocial factors that contribute to healthy aging or to the development of frailty and chronic disease.', 'Prereq: GERON/HLTH 201; Fourth year Gerontology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'HLTH', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('407', 'KIN', '006441', 'UG', 'Cardiovascular Pathophysiology', 'This course explores the pathophysiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and assessment and rehabilitation options related to cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on the utility of exercise in the assessment and rehabilitation of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'HLTH', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PLAN', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'GEOG', '006442', 'UG', 'Health, Environment, and Planning', 'This course examines the relationship between the environment (built/physical, economic, social, political, and natural aspects) and population health. It focuses on conceptual and empirical links among current environment-health issues such as air quality, active transportation, injury prevention, climate change, and mental well-being. Emphasis is placed on the role of urban planners in collaboration with allied professionals (e.g., public health, engineering, law enforcement, architecture) in creating and maintaining healthy built environments to improve population health with a focus on key health issues.', 'Prereq: One of PLAN 233, HLTH/GSJ 260, ERS 253, GEOG 325', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432A', 'HLTH', '006445', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (A)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432B', 'HLTH', '006446', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis (B)', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. Includes an approved proposal and completion of -- introduction, review of literature, methods, data collection, data analysis and presentation of results in thesis form. Recommended for students planning graduate studies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 432A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'HLTH', '006447', 'UG', 'Experimental Methods', 'This course focuses on the key issues related to the design, conduct, analyses, and interpretation of experimental studies. Examples will be drawn from animal research investigating disease mechanisms and from clinical and population studies investigating efficacy of preventive or therapeutic strategies.', 'Prereq: HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health and Health Systems students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'HLTH', '006448', 'UG', 'Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases', 'This course builds upon the concepts learned in HLTH 333. The primary objective is to provide an understanding of the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of non-communicable disease epidemiology. The course emphasizes understanding of epidemiologic methods and identification of risk and protective factors.', 'Prereq: HLTH 333; HLTH 335 or STAT 316; Level at least 4A School of Public Health Sciences students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'HRM', '006474', 'UG', 'Basic Human Resources Management', 'Examines the major areas of human resources administration including recruiting, salary administration, labour relations, benefits administration, employee relations, labour law, and organizational behaviour. Reviews the role of human resources administration in organizations and the manner in which human resources executives contribute to the well-being of a total enterprise. [Offered F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('131R', 'SDS', '006501', 'UG', 'Political Ideologies and Social Development', 'This course introduces major political ideologies, their influence in political institutions and public discourse, and their impact on contemporary Canadian social policy and social development. [Note: Formerly ISS 131R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('150R', 'SDS', '006502', 'UG', 'Lifespan Processes', 'This course is an introduction to human development that spans conception to death. It provides an overview of events which occur throughout the lifespan and considers how biological, psychological, and social factors may impact healthy development. [Note: Formerly ISS 150R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220R', 'SDS', '006503', 'UG', 'Changing Concepts of Childhood', 'Childhood has changed as a social and cultural concept. This course will trace these changes, examining sociological, psychological, cross-cultural, historical and political factors. Art and literature will also be used to reflect attitudes about childhood. [Note: Formerly ISS 220R]', 'Antireq: HIST 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240R', 'SDS', '006504', 'UG', 'Art and Society', 'Social issues and themes explored through the arts. Topics include art and social change, war and peace, propaganda, art of conscience, and the response of artists to poverty, hunger and catastrophic events. Specific applications include art as cross-cultural awareness and art as therapy. [Note: Formerly ISS 240R]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SDS', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, GBDA 205, ISS 250A/B, ISS 250R, KIN 232, LS/SOC 280, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, STAT 202, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250R', 'SWREN', '006507', 'UG', 'Social Statistics', 'This introductory level statistics course will emphasize the collection, manipulation, descriptive presentation, and statistical analysis of social research data. [Note: SWREN 250R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SDS', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251R', 'SWREN', '006508', 'UG', 'Social Research', 'Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of applied social science research, including treatment of the problems and strategies of research design and execution. [Note: SWREN 251R is available only to students who have been given conditional admission to the BSW program; such students must have already completed their first undergraduate degree.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to students in the Faculty of\nMathematics. Antireq: ISS 251R, LS/SOC 221, LS/SOC 321, PSYCH 291, REC 270, SMF 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'SDS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420R', 'RS', '006509', 'UG', 'Critical Encounter with Human Nature', 'This course explores human nature, issues fundamental to human life, and theories which have developed around these issues. The approach is interdisciplinary and intercultural/interreligious with emphasis on such themes as self knowledge, community, loneliness and anxiety, free will and purpose in human life, and the nature of human happiness.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350R', 'SDS', '006510', 'UG', 'Adult Life Crises and Events', 'A study of normal events occurring during the adult years, why they happen, and how we cope with them. Relying on research, popular literature, and life experiences, students examine social change, the future, adult development and adjustment. [Note: Formerly ISS 350D]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 150R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'SDS', '006513', 'UG', 'Values and Contemporary Families', 'An exploration of how religious, economic, political, and other social institutions shape values in our society, and what impact society''s changing values are having upon families. [Note: Formerly ISS 350H]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'SDS', '006514', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R [Formerly ISS 398R], 399R; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'SDS', '006515', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'Interdisciplinary focus in greater depth than is available in other courses, on a selected area of concern to the student. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies students and arranged with one of the program''s faculty members. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the independent studies courses: PSYCH 398R, 399R; SDS 398R, 399R [Formerly ISS 399R]; SOC 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'SDS', '006516', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499A. A numeric grade for SDS 499A will be submitted only after completion of SDS 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Honours Social Development Studies', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'SDS', '006517', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay/Thesis', 'Under the supervision of a faculty member, students focus on an area of Social Development Studies and either complete an essay involving in-depth literature research and analysis or complete a scholarly report on their own study involving literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis. [Note: Formerly ISS 499B]', 'Prereq: SDS/ISS 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'ITAL', '006518', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 1', 'An intensive study of the fundamentals of Italian grammar and conversation.', 'Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'ITAL', '006519', 'UG', 'Introduction to Italian Language 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 101, with more emphasis on conversation and everyday uses of language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 101. Antireq: ITAL 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ITAL', '006522', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 1', 'Advanced study of grammar. Conversation sessions based on intermediate-level readings reflecting contemporary Italian life. Intensive practice in the spoken and written language.', 'Prereq: ITAL 102 or 155', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ITAL', '006523', 'UG', 'Intermediate Italian 2', 'A continuation of ITAL 201.', 'Prereq: ITAL 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'ITAL', '006524', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Italian Society', 'Through lectures, discussions, and readings in Italian, this course studies diverse aspects of contemporary Italian society, such as politics, the arts, food, fashion, and popular culture. In addition to improving their language comprehension and cultural awareness, students will expand their vocabulary and improve their oral and written competencies in Italian.', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'ITALST', '006526', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 1', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, and the arts - up to and including the Renaissance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'ITALST', '006527', 'UG', 'Italian Culture and Civilization 2', 'A survey of developments in Italian culture - history, literature, painting, and music - in the post-Renaissance period, with emphasis on modern Italy.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'ITALST', '006528', 'UG', 'Medieval Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literature of the Middle Ages, with special reference to selections from the major works by Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'ITALST', '006529', 'UG', 'Renaissance Italian Literature', 'An introduction to the Italian literary production of the 15th and 16th centuries, focusing on selections from the major works by writers of the period.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'ITALST', '006530', 'UG', 'Italian Cinema and the Novel', 'A survey of some of the principal novels of 20th century Italy as they have been adapted in film by Italian directors. Students will study literary and cinematic representations of themes such as the rise of the Italian bourgeoisie, the economic boom of the 1960s, domestic violence, and organized crime.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('392', 'ITALST', '006531', 'UG', 'Modern Italian Poetry and Theatre', 'This course studies the works of major Italian poets and playwrights, modern and contemporary, paying special attention to works by women authors.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'ITAL', '006532', 'UG', 'Special Topics/Directed Readings', 'This course gives the student an opportunity to study authors and works of special interest which are not covered in other courses. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', 'Prereq: ITAL 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'JAPAN', '006535', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 1', 'An introductory course for students who have little or no knowledge of Japanese to develop basic listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Hiragana Writing System provide a firm grammatical foundation for further study. [Note: JAPAN 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 111R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'JAPAN', '006536', 'UG', 'First-Year Japanese 2', 'Listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills acquired in JAPAN 101R are further developed. Practical oral and written exercises incorporating the Katakana Writing System are used to develop a more solid grammatical base.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111R', 'JAPAN', '006537', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 1', 'An introductory course to develop basic comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing skills specifically related to the Japanese business culture. This course is designed for students with little or no previous knowledge of Japanese. [Note: JAPAN 111R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', 'Antireq: JAPAN 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112R', 'JAPAN', '006538', 'UG', 'Japanese for Business 2', 'A continuation of JAPAN 111R designed to further develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Language skills required for the business environment are stressed.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 101R or 111R. Antireq: JAPAN 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'JAPAN', '006539', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 1', 'A continuation of the study of grammar and vocabulary through development of listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. Some study of Japanese culture is also included. By the end of the course, 120 Kanji (Chinese characters in their Japanese readings) will have been introduced.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 102R or 112R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202R', 'JAPAN', '006540', 'UG', 'Second-Year Japanese 2', 'In this course students continue to develop their language skills with an increased emphasis on spoken Japanese. In addition, students work on improving grammatical accuracy and vocabulary development as well as continue to acquire basic information about Japanese culture. The writing of an additional 200 Kanji is taught.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 201R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301R', 'JAPAN', '006541', 'UG', 'Third-Year Japanese 1', 'This course concentrates on advanced conversation, polite forms, and idioms. It provides an opportunity to revise and practise the Hiragana and Katakana writing forms. Upon completion, students should be able to write 800 characters and use a Japanese dictionary with ease.', 'Prereq: JAPAN 202R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'KIN', '006543', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy', 'Regional anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the anatomy of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The course focuses on the bones, muscles, and neurovasculature of the limbs and trunk.', 'Coreq: KIN 100L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100L', 'KIN', '006544', 'UG', 'Regional Human Anatomy Laboratory', 'Regional gross anatomy of the limbs and trunk, including a brief introduction to the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The anatomy is explored using pre-dissected human cadavers. For the limbs and trunk, the emphasis is placed on structures (muscles, nerves, and bones) involved in gross movement.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104L', 'KIN', '006545', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Kinesiology Laboratory', 'This lab provides exposure to techniques utilized in the discipline of kinesiology. Students will gain practical skills in tests that measure cardiovascular function, neuromuscular function, and body composition.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'KIN', '006550', 'UG', 'Biomechanics of Human Movement', 'This course will provide students an understanding of human movement from a mechanical perspective, which enables identification of potential risks for injury, optimizes exercise prescription, and promotes understanding of clinical evaluations. Specifically, concepts related to functional anatomy, muscle and passive tissue mechanics, anthropometry, electromyography, and linked segment mechanics are introduced and applied to clinical, occupational, and athletic situations.', 'Prereq: PHYS 111, KIN 104, KIN 104L, MATH 124 or MATH 127; Coreq: KIN 121L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('301', 'KIN', '006552', 'UG', 'Human Anatomy of the Central Nervous System', 'Functionally-oriented anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and the tissues they innervate using pre-dissected cadavers. Major functional systems, including somatosensory and motor pathways, special sense pathways, and integrative systems of the brain, will be examined through an understanding of anatomical connectivity.', 'Prereq: KIN 100, KIN 100L or BIOL 201/301', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'KIN', '006555', 'UG', 'Human Biochemistry', 'An elementary course in human biochemistry including the metabolism and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymatic function, energy metabolism, and introductory genetics. Emphasis is placed on clinical and medical applications.', 'Prereq: CHEM 120 or 121; Kinesiology, Health Sciences or Honours Science students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'KIN', '006557', 'UG', 'Introduction to Neurological Disorders', 'An introduction to selected neurological disorders and their implications for physical activity. The neurological disorders examined include those which accompany neuromuscular and perceptual-motor impairment, intellectual disability, cardiovascular and respiratory disease.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273. Antireq: KIN 242', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'KIN', '006560', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Neuroscience', 'An introduction to the principles of the nervous system control of movement, cognition, and learning. The course will introduce the basic structure and function of the nervous system as it relates to understanding the control of movement and behaviour. The course will provide a foundation for understanding the neural mechanisms of learning, recovery from injury to the nervous system, and the factors that determine skilled performance.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273, PSYCH 101, KIN 104, KIN 104L; Coreq: KIN 255L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'KIN', '006568', 'UG', 'Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sport and Activity', 'This course will introduce students to a variety of common orthopedic injuries sustained during sport and activity. Topics covered include the mechanisms of injury, tissue injury biomechanics, pathophysiology, initial assessment, management, and prevention of acute and chronic trauma.', 'Prereq: (KIN 100, KIN 100L) or (BIOL 201/301); Level at least 3A Faculty of Health students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'KIN', '006574', 'UG', 'Psychology of Physical Activity', 'This course will provide an overview of the field of sport and exercise psychology and examine how various factors impact our interest, passion, and commitment to sport, exercise, and physical activity. Topics include personality, motivation, team dynamics, coaching psychology, interventions, aggression, body image, and youth development through sport.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'KIN', '006575', 'UG', 'Sensory Systems Neuroscience', 'This course will examine how different regions of the nervous system interact to shape our perception, decisions, memories, movements, and consciousness. The focus will be placed on the role of the sensory systems in transducing external stimuli into neural activity, how sensory information is processed within and across sensory modalities (i.e., multisensory integration), and the implications for nervous system function. Topics will be considered from developmental, injury, disease, and aging perspectives.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'KIN', '006576', 'UG', 'Motor Learning and Neuroplasticity', 'This course will examine the neural control of movement and how experience shapes brain reorganization to support skilled motor ability. Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies will be considered with an emphasis on leveraging principles of motor learning to skill acquisition and skilled performance in sport/occupational environments and the rehabilitation of movement disorders/injuries.', 'Prereq: KIN 255', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'KIN', '006578', 'UG', 'Environmental Physiology', 'This course will examine the human cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses at rest and during exercise in altered gravitational, thermal, humidity, and barometric environments.', 'Prereq: KIN 308/408', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('416', 'KIN', '006581', 'UG', 'Neuromuscular Integration', 'An examination of the neural processes involved in the maintenance of posture and the control of movement.', 'Prereq: BIOL 273 or PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'KIN', '006582', 'UG', 'Occupational Biomechanics', 'A course designed to provide the student with knowledge to reduce the risk of injury and increase worker productivity. Issues include identification of injury risk factors, understanding injury mechanism, quantitative assessment of injury risk and intervention strategies to reduce the risk of injury. Specific examples include the use of computerized models and EMG methods to analyze low back loading, optimizing tool design and workspace layout and the examination of related issues such as office seating and vibration.', 'Prereq: KIN 320', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'KIN', '006583', 'UG', 'Human Posture, Balance and Gait', 'This course will provide a detailed understanding of the kinematics, kinetics, and neural control of standing posture, stepping, walking, and running. Measurement techniques and the interpretation of movement data will be emphasized from biomechanical and neural control perspectives. Applications to aging and pathology will be emphasized.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('425', 'KIN', '006584', 'UG', 'Biomechanical Modelling', 'This course will examine the quantitative measurement and analysis of the human musculoskeletal system. Multi-segment dynamic movements will be studied using computer programs, with emphasis on kinematics, kinetics and energetics, as well as the use of EMG in the assessment of the control of the movement. Examples are presented from pathological, normal, and athletic movement.', 'Prereq: KIN 221, 221L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'KIN', '006586', 'UG', 'Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of a research proposal on an approved topic. The topic may include survey, field, laboratory, theoretical, or applied research, program evaluation, mathematical modelling, fitness appraisal, etc. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'KIN', '006601', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposed in KIN 431. The format is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters or in journal style.', 'Prereq: KIN 431', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'KIN', '006616', 'UG', 'Senior Essay', 'An extensive critical review of the literature on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. The topics will be broader in scope than those associated with specific research proposals.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Honours Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'KIN', '006631', 'UG', 'Applied Sport Psychology', 'An examination of the methods and techniques for developing psychological skills to enhance performance and personal growth. Focus will be on learning strategies to increase the ability to self-regulate and influence others'' behaviour and improve performance. Topics may include confidence, mental toughness, imagery, concentration, and attention.', 'Prereq: KIN 354', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'KIN', '006632', 'UG', 'Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Movement', 'This course provides a comprehensive introduction to neuropsychology, with emphasis on the implication for movement and discussion of how neurological disorders reflect disturbances at different stages in the sequence of information processing.', 'Prereq: KIN 255 or PSYCH 306. Antireq: PSYCH 307, KIN 456', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'KIN', '006633', 'UG', 'Cognitive, Emotional and Motor Assessment', 'This course is designed to provide the student with an introduction to the principles underlying the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions. Measurement issues associated with test development and use, factors involved in the administration and interpretation of test results, and methods of report writing will be examined. Students will learn to administer a number of test instruments used in the assessment of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions.', 'Prereq: KIN 456/359. Antireq: KIN 457', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('470', 'KIN', '006634', 'UG', 'Seminar in Kinesiology', 'An examination of current major issues and trends in Kinesiology. Students select areas of major interest from a series of faculty introduced topics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Kinesiology', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'KIN', '006640', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Special Topics', 'For the student who desires to pursue a particular topic in depth through guided independent research and/or reading. A faculty member must approve a student''s project prior to registration. [Note: May be repeated in subsequent terms.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'KIN', '006661', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology -- Sports Injuries Assessment', 'Practical experience in the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of sports injuries under the supervision of a Certified Athletic Therapist. Case presentations and musculoskeletal assessments are discussed in a group setting.', 'Prereq: KIN 340; Kinesiology students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('493', 'KIN', '006664', 'UG', 'Clinical Kinesiology: Movement Assessment Practicum', 'Practical experience in movement assessment of persons from various special populations such as the normal elderly and those with neurological, degenerative, or developmental disorders. Motor functions involving gait, posture, and balance or upper-limb movements will typically be examined in these assessments.', 'Prereq: KIN 242/312, 456/359, 416, 422; Cumulative overall average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'KOREA', '006666', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 1', 'An introductory course for students who have no or little knowledge of Korean to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills along with a sound basis of grammar. The distinctive features of the Korean language and writing system are introduced. Practical oral, reading, and writing exercises develop the students'' grammatical skills. Particular emphasis is placed on the acquisition of a basic working vocabulary. [Note: KOREA 101R is not open to students with native, near-native, or similar advanced ability.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102R', 'KOREA', '006667', 'UG', 'First-Year Korean 2', 'Students deepen their understanding of basic grammatical (particularly verb, noun, and adverb) forms and sentence construction and enlarge their general vocabulary. Reading ability is expanded, and more attention is given to idiomatic expressions and the use of the language in actual contexts.', 'Prereq: KOREA 101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201R', 'KOREA', '006668', 'UG', 'Second-Year Korean 1', 'Designed for students who have completed KOREA 102R or the equivalent. To achieve a balanced Korean language proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, a variety of teaching materials and methods is used. The text includes adapted versions of short stories, essays, and poems.', 'Prereq: KOREA 102R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'LAT', '006670', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 1', 'A course designed for students beginning the study of Latin or who have not yet reached the level expected in LAT 201/202. Although the teaching approach emphasizes exposure to simple texts as soon as possible, students desiring minimal competence in reading should go on to do LAT 102.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('102', 'LAT', '006671', 'UG', 'Introductory Latin 2', 'Continuation of LAT 101. Most of the rules of Latin grammar will be covered by the end of the year, and students should have a minimal competence in reading prose texts; but for the remaining grammar and further practice students should go on to do LAT 201.', 'Prereq: LAT 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'LAT', '006673', 'UG', 'Intermediate Latin', 'The course will complete the study of Latin grammar and move on to unadapted readings in Latin authors, particularly Caesar.', 'Prereq: LAT 102', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'LAT', '006674', 'UG', 'Selections from Latin Authors', 'A course designed to follow LAT 201, including both literature and grammar review. Authors normally read are Vergil and Ovid.', 'Prereq: LAT 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LAT', '006678', 'UG', 'Latin Composition, Grammar, and Reading', 'Composition, translation, and grammar with intensive analysis of selected passages.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'LAT', '006689', 'UG', 'Medieval Latin', 'Survey of Medieval Latin poetry and prose.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'LAT', '006692', 'UG', 'Latin Epigraphy', 'The course introduces and investigates Latin inscriptions as evidence for the Latin language and Roman political, religious, legal, social, and economic history.', 'Prereq: LAT 202', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'ME', '006703', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice 1', 'This course is focused on fundamental knowledge and skills essential for academic and professional development in mechanical engineering. It covers basic methods and principles used by mechanical engineers, e.g., fundamentals of technical communication, the design process and problem solving, measurements and data analysis, engineering professionalism, safety, and intellectual property. The fundamentals of engineering graphical communication using computer-aided design (CAD) and freehand sketching will be a significant component of this course. Written, graphical and oral communications are emphasized. Examples are drawn from Mechanical Engineering. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 1A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('123', 'ME', '006704', 'UG', 'Electrical Engineering for Mechanical Engineers', 'Definitions of electric and magnetic fields. Introduction to circuit theory (direct current) DC circuits, amplifiers, operational amplifiers, single- and three-phase (alternating current) AC circuits. Introduction to basic electronic devices. [Note: Labs are alternate weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: GENE 123', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'ME', '006706', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus', 'A continuation of First Year calculus, focusing on calculus of scalar and vector functions of several variables. Both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differentiation, total derivatives, chain rule, transformation of variables, Taylor series. Applications include geometrical problems, error estimation, maxima and minima, least squares curve fits. Multiple integration in standard coordinate systems, Jacobians. Vector calculus, divergence, curl, Laplacian, and Stokes'', Green''s and Divergence theorems. Scalar flux transport, work and energy, conservative force fields. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ME', '006707', 'UG', 'Statistics for Engineers', 'Frequency distributions; measures of central tendency; standard deviation and other measures of dispersion. Probability. Binomial, Poisson, normal distributions. Techniques of sampling and statistical estimation. Tests of hypotheses; significance. The t-test and chi-squared test. Curve fitting by least squares. Statistical process control. Correlation and regression. Experimental design. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: MATH 116; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'ME', '006708', 'UG', 'Ordinary Differential Equations', 'Solution of ordinary differential equations. First and higher order differential equations. Nonlinear equations. Linear equations with constant and variable coefficients. Systems of linear equations. Applications involving simple dynamical systems and principles of mass, momentum and heat conservation will emphasize the role of ordinary differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. Introduction to the Laplace transform method for solving ordinary differential equations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'ME', '006709', 'UG', 'Dynamics', 'An introduction to the kinematics of particle and rigid body motion. Impulse-momentum equations. Work-energy methods and Euler''s equations. Simple gyroscopes. Vibrations. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115, MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'ME', '006710', 'UG', 'Structure and Properties of Materials', 'The relevance of materials to engineering practice. The microstructure of materials, crystallinity and crystal imperfections, glasses, and amorphous solids. Elastic and plastic deformation in metals, viscoelasticity of plastics. Strengthening mechanisms in metals, polymers, and ceramics. Fracture of brittle and ductile solids. Electrical and magnetic properties of materials. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: CHE 102; Level at least 1B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: ME 235, MTE 111', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219', 'ME', '006711', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 1', 'Concept of equilibrium, force analysis of structures and structural components, equilibrium of deformable bodies, stress and strain concepts, stress-strain relationships, stress analysis of prismatic members in axial, shearing, torsional and flexural deformations, shear force and bending moment diagrams. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or 2B Management Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('220', 'ME', '006712', 'UG', 'Mechanics of Deformable Solids 2', 'A general treatment of the behaviour of structural components from the study of stress and strain in solids. Topics include superposition, energy theorems, theories of failure, elastic and inelastic analysis of symmetrical bending, torsion of circular members, columns and stability, and virtual work. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'ME', '006713', 'UG', 'Control of Properties of Materials', 'Phase equilibria, non-equilibrium behaviour, heat treatment of metals, diffusion, strengthening processes. Alloying, composite materials, cold and hot working. Failure of engineering materials; creep, fatigue, corrosion and other environmental degradation processes. Prevention of service failures. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 115; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('250', 'ME', '006714', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 1', 'The engineering science of energy. The scope and limitations of thermodynamics. Macroscopic approach to heat, work, energy and the First Law. Properties and state of simple substances. Control-mass and control-volume energy analysis. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, principle of increase of entropy, limiting cycle efficiencies, criteria for equilibrium. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering or level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: MTE 309, SYDE 381', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('262', 'ME', '006715', 'UG', 'Introduction to Microprocessors and Digital Logic', 'Number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra. Karnaugh maps and combinational logic design. Sequential logic and state machines. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming using ladder logic and statement list. Microcomputer structure and operation, I/O and interfacing. Assembly language programming. Laboratory work includes microcomputer and PLC programming. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('269', 'ME', '006716', 'UG', 'Electromechanical Devices and Power Processing', 'Review of circuit analysis. Basic electromagnetic theory. DC machines, synchronous generators, transformers, and induction motors. Introduction to typical speed and torque control techniques of machines using power electronic based devices. [Note: Labs: Alternate Weeks. Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: GENE 123; Level at least 2A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Option', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('303', 'ME', '006718', 'UG', 'Advanced Engineering Mathematics', 'A continuation of ME 201 and ME 203 in which both classical calculus techniques and the computer implementation of numerical methods are discussed. Partial differential equations of mathematical physics: wave, diffusion, Laplace, Poisson equations. Boundary and initial conditions. Separation of variables. Numerical methods for ordinary and partial differential equations. Applications will emphasize the role of ordinary and partial differential equations in understanding the behaviour of physical systems. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 201, 203; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('321', 'ME', '006721', 'UG', 'Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines', 'Principles of the geometry of motion, uniform and non-uniform motion, linkage, gears, cams. Synthesis and analysis of mechanisms. Consideration of the static and dynamic forces in machines. Vibration analysis, response to shock, motion and force transmissibility, vibration isolation. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 201 or MTE 202) and (ME 212 or SYDE 182); Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'ME', '006722', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 1', 'Adequacy assessment and synthesis of machine elements with a focus on the design process. Static failure of ductile and brittle materials, fatigue analysis of structures. Topics include the design of welds, bolted connections, springs and shafts. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 220, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'ME', '006724', 'UG', 'Manufacturing Processes', 'The principles of manufacturing unit processes including casting, forming, machining and joining. Interactions between design, materials (metals, polymers, ceramics) and processes. Advantages and limitations, relative cost, and production rates of competitive processes. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 219, 230; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'ME', '006725', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 1', 'Physical properties of fluids and fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics. Hydrostatics. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. Flow similarity and dimensional analysis as applied to engineering problems in fluid mechanics. Laminar and turbulent flow. Engineering applications such as flow measurement, flow in pipes and fluid forces on moving bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 250 or Coreq: MTE 309); Level at least 3A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'ME', '006726', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 1', 'Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation and solution of steady and transient heat conduction. Radiant heat transfer including exchange laws and view factors. Introductory convective heat transfer. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 250, 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'ME', '006727', 'UG', 'Thermodynamics 2', 'Emphasis on applications of thermodynamics to flow processes. Real fluids, evaluation of state functions of real fluids. Non-reacting mixtures, reacting mixtures, equilibrium considerations. [Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: ME 250; Level at least 3A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360', 'ME', '006728', 'UG', 'Introduction to Control Systems', 'Open loop and feedback control. Laws governing mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal control components. Analogies. Analysis of some engineering control systems using block diagram algebra, transient and steady-state operation. Different modes of control. Review of Laplace Transform methods. Concepts of stability. Principles of analog computer simulation. Brief treatment of linear flow graphs and bondgraphs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: ME 203, 321; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'ME', '006729', 'UG', 'Fluid Mechanics 2', 'Basic equations of two-dimensional flow, potential flow, exact viscous solutions. Introduction to lubrication, boundary layers, turbulence, and compressible flow. Turbomachinery fundamentals and applications. Selected advanced topics. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: ME 351; Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering or 4A Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'ME', '006731', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Workshop', 'In this course, students study the design process, including needs analysis, problem definition; design criteria and critical parameter identification, generation of alternative solutions; conceptual design, detailed design, optimization; and implementation. Most of the term is devoted to a significant design project in which student groups work independently and competitively, applying the design process to a project goal set by the faculty co-ordinator. The design project typically includes construction of a prototype, and part of the course grade may depend on the performance of the prototype in a competitive test. In exceptional circumstances, the requirement for a prototype may be replaced by a computer simulation, or may be waived. Other mechanical engineering faculty members, particularly those teaching 3B courses, are available to provide advice and supervision to ME 380 students. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Mechanical Engineering. Antireq: MTE 380', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'ME', '006734', 'UG', 'Mechanical Design 2', 'A continuation of the ME 322 course in analysis and synthesis of machinery, including advanced analysis of machine elements such as clutches, brakes, couplings, journal bearings and gears. Advanced machine design concepts such as reliability, optimization and techniques for stimulating innovative design. A synthesis project involving the machine elements studied is usually included. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 322; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'ME', '006736', 'UG', 'Industrial Metallurgy', 'This course is intended for those students interested in acquiring a working knowledge of metallurgy. It covers: metals and alloy systems, iron-carbon alloys, heat treatment and the function of alloying elements in steel, corrosion and scale resistant alloys, copper and nickel base alloys, light metals and their alloys; casting, hot and cold working of metals; soldering, brazing and welding; corrosion and oxidation; metal failure analysis. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'ME', '006739', 'UG', 'HVAC Load Analysis and Design Fundamentals', 'Advanced psychrometric analysis applied to HVAC system design. Duct design and fan selection. Indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Heating and cooling load calculations. Heat flow through building elements. Solar radiation and solar gains through windows. Infiltration and exfiltration. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Architectural, Chemical, Civil, Environmental, or Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'ME', '006740', 'UG', 'Heat Transfer 2', 'Selected topics in heat transfer fundamentals and applications. Topics to be covered include the fundamentals of convection with analytical solutions to simple laminar flow problems and approximate solutions to turbulent flow problems based on analogies between momentum and heat transfer. Also covered is radiant exchange in grey enclosures and in black enclosures containing emitting-absorbing gases. The remaining topics will be chosen from design of heat exchangers; condensation heat transfer; boiling heat transfer; and the treatment of problems in heat conduction. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('459', 'ME', '006741', 'UG', 'Energy Conversion', 'Review of reserves and consumption trends of Canada''s and the world''s energy resources. Design of fossil-fuel central power plants, including boiler efficiency calculations and advanced steam and binary cycles. Review of atomic physics including fission and fusion energy. Design of nuclear fission power plants including design of reactor core for critical conditions, fuel cycles and radiation hazards. Design considerations for solar energy conversion devices including: availability of solar energy, solar-thermal converters, thermal storage and photovoltaics. Principles of fuel cells and some aspects of their design. Other topics as appropriate. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 353, 354 and level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering) or (MTE 309 and level at least 4A Mechatronics Engineering)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'ME', '006745', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 1', 'The first of two required courses for the mechanical engineering capstone design project. This course is intended to enable students to engage in in-depth engineering design and decision-making using engineering science while encouraging creativity and resourcefulness, and addressing the criteria listed in the faculty of engineering design rubrics. Students will work in small groups on a design project of their own choosing, or as part of a major student team project. The goal is to develop a design proposal, consisting of the needs analysis, design specifications and project plan, followed by the initial and detailed design work. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 380; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 481', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'ME', '006746', 'UG', 'Mechanical Engineering Design Project 2', 'A continuation of ME 481. The final design of the major mechanical engineering project proposed in ME 481 will be undertaken. The purpose of this phase of the project is to carry out a detailed technical design and proof of feasibility of the solution proposed in ME 481. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 380, 481; Level at least 4B Mechanical Engineering students only. Antireq: MTE 482', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('524', 'ME', '006748', 'UG', 'Advanced Dynamics and Vibrations', 'This course is a continuation of ME 212 and ME 321. It includes study of planar and three-dimensional motion of rigid bodies and systems, including gyroscopic effects. Vector (Newton''s Method) and analytical (Lagrange''s Equation) methods are used to derive equations of motion. Linear vibrational analyses are performed to examine natural frequencies, stability, and mode shapes. Computer simulation of non-linear systems is discussed. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 212 and 321; Level at least 4A Mechanical or Mechatronics Engineering students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('531', 'ME', '006751', 'UG', 'Physical Metallurgy Applied to Manufacturing', 'This course will allow the student to develop a more in depth knowledge of physical metallurgy and its application in understanding and solving relevant manufacturing problems. It will begin with a treatment of solid-state diffusion, mass transport and the principles of solidification including constitutional supercooling. This knowledge will then be applied to understand the microstructural development (and resultant properties) which occur in materials during manufacturing processes including casting, solid-state heat treatments, laser processing, and various joining operations. The course will include case studies aimed at providing the students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in a practical way. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('533', 'ME', '006752', 'UG', 'Non-metallic and Composite Materials', 'This course is intended to provide an advanced treatment of the structure, properties, and processing of non-metallic and composite materials based on polymers, metals, and ceramics. The structure and properties of polymers and ceramics in bulk form and as matrices and reinforcements in composites will be covered. Processing methods for non-metallics and composites (example extrusion, injection molding, etc.) will be considered. The geometrical arrangement of fibres within laminae and their influences on elastic and strength properties of composites will be described based on suitable micromechanical models. The role of the matrix and fibre/matrix interface in determining composite properties will be described. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('535', 'ME', '006754', 'UG', 'Welding Metallurgy', 'Metallurgy of welding of steels (carbon, microalloy, low alloy and stainless steels), cast irons, aluminum-based, copper-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, titanium-based and other alloys, (including dissimilar combinations) to explain the effects of welding processes and conditions (including post-weld heat treating) on microstructure and properties; causes and prevention of defects and deficiencies which can occur in different alloys, including porosity, cracking, embrittlement (hydrogen, temper, strain aging, ductile-brittle transition temperatures), overaging; metallurgy of soldered and brazed joints. Laboratory experiments will demonstrate microstructural effects and defects in a range of alloys for different welding processes and conditions. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 230, 435, 436; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('436', 'ME', '006755', 'UG', 'Welding and Joining Processes', 'Introduction to modern welding and joining processes for metals, polymers and ceramics. Fundamentals of the joining process and the influence of the process parameters on weld dimensions, strength and quality. Fusion welding processes such as shielded metal arc, gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, submerged arc welding and others including electron beam and laser beam welding. Resistance welding processes, solid-state welding processes, soldering and brazing. Laboratory exercises will provide hands-on experience with a number of industrially significant welding processes. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 230 or MTE 111; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('547', 'ME', '006762', 'UG', 'Robot Manipulators: Kinematics, Dynamics, Control', 'Homogeneous transformations, D-H convention, forward and inverse kinematics. Differential transformations and Jacobians. Robot dynamics. Programming, trajectory generation and joint control. End-of-arm sensing and outer loop control. Industrial applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (ME 212 or SYDE 182) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: ECE 486', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('548', 'ME', '006763', 'UG', 'Numerical Control of Machine Tools 1', 'Operation fundamentals of NC machine tools. NC part programming: manual and CAD/CAM methods. Mechanics of metal cutting: examples of turning, milling, and drilling. Tool wear and breakage. Optimum cutting conditions. Dimensional and form errors due to static deformations. Dynamics of machining. Laboratory work provides hands-on experience in tool path generation, machining, and measurements of cutting forces and vibration. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: (ME 262 or MTE 262) and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('555', 'ME', '006764', 'UG', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Need for geometric modelling, historic developments; wire frame models; hidden line removed models; polyhedral models; surface models and solid models. Constructive solid geometry; boundary representation and decomposition modelling. Hybrid models. Data structures and their role in modelling. Curves and surfaces in modelling (Bezier, B-splines and NURBS). Geometric models and the role of engineers. Parametric and feature-based design. The course has a heavy lab component which provides exposure to solid modelling on SDRC IDEAS and PC-based CAD packages. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 321 and (ME 322 or MTE 322); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('557', 'ME', '006765', 'UG', 'Combustion 1', 'Combustion thermodynamics, introduction to chemical kinetics of combustion, combustion properties of fuels, flammability of combustible mixtures. Flame propagation mechanisms, pre-mixed and diffusional; stability of flames; introduction to combustion aerodynamics, jet flames; atomization; droplet and spray combustion. Elementary ignition concepts and theory. Basic detonation theory. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 353, 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('559', 'ME', '006766', 'UG', 'Finite Element Methods', 'A course presenting the fundamental ideas involved in conventional finite element analysis in mechanical engineering. Domain discretization, interpolation and shape functions, element derivation and types, element stiffness or property equations, assembly procedure, boundary conditions, solution methods for the algebraic equation system, applications in heat transfer, fluid flow, and stress analysis. Students will, throughout the course, write and test their own finite element code through individual subroutine construction as the course progresses. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: (ME 220 or MTE 219) and (ME 303 or MTE 204); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering. Antireq: CIVE 422', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('561', 'ME', '006767', 'UG', 'Fluid Power Control Systems', 'Properties of hydraulic fluids. Design and function of conventional hydraulic and pneumatic circuits. Characteristics of flow and pressure control valves. Speed control in fluid power circuits. Performance of pumps and fluid motors. Hydrostatic and hydrokinetic transmission systems. Principles of sealing, filtration and heat control in hydraulic circuits. Industrial applications of fluid power systems. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: ME 351 and (ME 360 or MTE 360); Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('563', 'ME', '006768', 'UG', 'Turbomachines', 'Classification of turbomachines, performance parameters and laws of modelling. Basic equation of flow in turbomachines, compressible flow. Energy transfer in radial and axial turbomachines, performance characteristics, losses and efficiencies. Blade and cascade design, 3 dimensional effects. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('564', 'ME', '006770', 'UG', 'Aerodynamics', 'An introductory course in aerodynamics for engineers. Kinematics and dynamics of inviscid flow; airfoil dynamics including thin airfoil theory, finite wings, panel methods and airfoil parameters. Boundary layer theory and boundary layer control as applied in aerodynamics. Introduction to high speed aerodynamics. Introduction to dynamics of flight including stability and control. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering or 4B Mechatronics Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('566', 'ME', '006772', 'UG', 'Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineering Design', 'A course to develop the understanding required to simulate complex fluid flows, such as those found in turbo-machines, duct systems, and other engineering hardware. Course topics include the physics of complex viscous fluid flows, first- and second-order finite control volume discretization methods, iterative algorithms for the solution of sparse matrix equation sets, including multi-grid acceleration, boundary condition modelling, two-equation and Reynolds stress turbulence models, and grid generation techniques. Computational fluid dynamics software is used throughout the course to simulate and analyze complex fluid flows relevant to engineering applications. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('571', 'ME', '006775', 'UG', 'Air Pollution', 'Nature and sources of air pollution, chemical and biological aspects, effects on health and environment. Physical aspects of the atmosphere, thermodynamics, vertical variation of wind and temperature, stability, convection, atmospheric turbulence, diffusion equations, plumes, thermals, jets in stratified flow, radioactive plumes, micrometeorological instrumentation, air pollution control techniques and equipment monitoring instrumentation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: ME 362; Level at least 4A Mechanical Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('595', 'ME', '006777', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('596', 'ME', '006779', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('598', 'ME', '006780', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('599', 'ME', '006781', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering', 'Various courses dealing with selected topics at the undergraduate level in automation and control, solid mechanics and machine design, materials engineering and processing, fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering. Courses offered when resources permit.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MSCI', '006818', 'UG', 'Organizational Behaviour', 'Introduction to the concepts of learning, person perception, attitudes, and motivation in an organization. Consideration of communication, roles, norms, and decision making within a group. Discussion of power, control, leadership, and management in light of the above concepts. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: AFM 280, BUS 288W, PSYCH 238, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'MSCI', '006819', 'UG', 'Probability and Statistics 1', 'A first of a two-course sequence that introduces fundamental concepts in probability and statistics. It covers probability concepts, random variables, graphical display of distributions and data, discrete and continuous probability distributions, sampling, estimation, confidence intervals, experimental design, hypothesis testing, and simple linear regression and correlation. Students learn how to graphically explore data, conduct, and analyze a two-treatment experiment, and model data with linear regression, and interpret its fit. Students learn to use statistical computing software (e.g., R) to perform data analyses. Emphasis is placed on gaining experience with data collected from student-conducted experiments. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A Management Engineering. Antireq: AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ECON 221, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 231, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'MSCI', '006820', 'UG', 'Engineering Economics: Financial Management for Engineers', 'Introductory finance: time value of money, cash flow analysis. Investment evaluation methods: present worth, annual worth, and internal rate of return. Depreciation models and asset replacement analysis. The impact of inflation, taxation, uncertainty, and risk on investment decisions. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Engineering students only. Not open to Architectural, Biomedical, Civil, Environmental, Geological, and Systems Design Engineering students. Antireq: AE 392, BME 364, CIVE 392, ECE 390, ENVE 392, GEOE 392, SYDE 262', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'MSCI', '006821', 'UG', 'Organizational Design and Technology', 'The focus of this course is on the procedures and variables involved in the design and redesign of organizations. Issues such as departmentation, differentiation, integration, internal politics, innovation, authority, and control are discussed in the context of the underlying technology of the organization. Emphasis will be placed on how one designs both the technical and the organizational systems to ensure their compatibility, noting the effects that one has on the other. [Offered: F, W, S]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'MSCI', '006822', 'UG', 'Introduction to Optimization', 'This first course in optimization uses a quantitative approach to problem solving involving, mathematical modelling and formulations, solution methods, and output analysis. Students are introduced to a variety of practical problem formulations in management and engineering, a number of solution methods, including, but not limited to, linear optimization, network models, project management, and decision analysis. Students are also involved in a group project, where they go through conceptual and operational model design, analytical solution, output analysis, and recommendation. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics except for Software Engineering. Antireq: BME 411, CHE 521, CIVE 332, CO 250, ENVE 320/335, SYDE 411', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'MSCI', '006823', 'UG', 'Stochastic Models and Methods', 'Introduction to operations research models and methods for problems with random, stochastic, and probabilistic components. Topics include birth and death processes, branching processes, waiting line models, and Markov decision processes. Applications include the design, modelling, and analysis of service and manufacturing systems, with emphasis on important functions such as queueing, inventory, reliability, equipment replacement, and maintenance. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: (One of BME411,CHE521,CIVE332,CO250,ENVE335,MSCI331,SYDE411) and (One of AE224,BME213,CHE220,CIVE224,ECE203,306,ENVE224,MSCI251,252, ME202,MTE201,NE215,STAT206,211,231,241,SYDE212); Not open to Math students except SE. Antireq: STAT333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'MSCI', '006824', 'UG', 'Production and Service Operations Management', 'Introduction to management, planning, and control decisions in manufacturing and service settings using quantitative approaches. Topic areas include production, inventory, distribution, quality control, facilities layout, and process design. Students are exposed to a number of examples and case studies, and work on a project that involves analysis and discussion of improved designs. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212); Not open to Management Engineering students. Antireq: MSCI 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('442', 'MSCI', '006826', 'UG', 'Impact of Information Systems on Organizations and Society', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with issues related to the impact of computer-based technologies on individual jobs, organizations, and broader societal level. Particular emphasis will be placed on critical examination of various issues including privacy, security, ethical concern and professional responsibilities. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('452', 'MSCI', '006827', 'UG', 'Decision Making Under Uncertainty', 'This course deals with normative, descriptive, and prescriptive theories and models of decision making under uncertainty. The course focuses on concepts such as risk measures, Bayes theorem, and basic and multi-attribute utility theories. The course uses these concepts to build analytical decision-making models considering the randomness and/or risk-attitude of the decision-makers. Various forms of decision analysis techniques will be covered and typically include, expected utility maximization, the value of information analysis, one/two-way sensitivity analysis, and sequential Bayesian inference. Practical uses and limitations of the models and techniques will be illustrated. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: One of AE 224, BME 213, CHE 220, CIVE 224, ECE 203, 306, ENVE 224, MSCI 251, 252, ME 202, MTE 201, NE 215, STAT 206, 211, 231, 241, SYDE 212', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'MATH', '006847', 'UG', 'Introductory Algebra for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of algebra to business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. Topics will be chosen from linear equations, systems of linear equations, linear inequalities, functions, set theory, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem, probability theory. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following faculties: ARTS, AHS or ENV. Not open to Acc''ting & Fin Mgt students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'MATH', '006848', 'UG', 'Introductory Calculus for Arts and Social Science', 'An introduction to applications of calculus in business, the behavioural sciences, and the social sciences. The models studied will involve polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The major concepts introduced to solve problems are rate of change, optimization, growth and decay, and integration. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Open only to students in the following Faculties: ARTS, AHS, ENV, SCI. Antireq: MATH 127, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'MATH', '006862', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra for Engineering', 'Linear equations, matrices and determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Eigenvalues and diagonalization. Applications. Complex numbers. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 136, 146, NE 112', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MATH', '006865', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions: review of polynomials, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric. Operations on functions, curve sketching. Trigonometric identities, inverse functions. Derivatives, rules of differentiation. Mean Value Theorem, Newton''s Method. Indeterminate forms and L''Hopital''s rule, applications. Integrals, approximations, Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Applications of the integral. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open to students in Engineering excluding Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 117, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MATH', '006866', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Engineering', 'Functions of engineering importance; review of polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions; trigonometric functions and identities. Inverse functions (logarithmic and trigonometric). Limits and continuity. Derivatives, rules of differentiation; derivatives of elementary functions. Applications of the derivative, max-min problems, Mean Value Theorem. Antiderivatives, the Riemann definite integral, Fundamental Theorems. Methods of integration, approximation, applications, improper integrals. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 116, 124, 127, 137, 147', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118', 'MATH', '006867', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Methods of integration: by parts, trigonometric substitutions, partial fractions; engineering applications, approximation of integrals, improper integrals. Linear and separable first order differential equations, applications. Parametric curves and polar coordinates, arc length and area. Infinite sequences and series, convergence tests, power series and applications. Taylor polynomials and series, Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Engineering excluding students in Electrical and Computer Eng, Nanotechnology Eng, Software Eng and Systems Design Eng. Antireq: MATH 119, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('119', 'MATH', '006868', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Engineering', 'Elementary approximation methods: interpolation; Taylor polynomials and remainder; Newton''s method, Landau order symbol, applications. Infinite series: Taylor series and Taylor''s Remainder Theorem, geometric series, convergence test, power series, applications. Functions of several variables: partial derivatives, linear approximation and differential, gradient and directional derivative, optimization and Lagrange multipliers. Vector-valued functions: parametric representation of curves, tangent and normal vectors, line integrals and applications. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147; Open only to students in Electrical and Computer Engineering or Software Engineering or Nanotechnology Engineering. Antireq: MATH 118, 128, 138, 148', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'MATH', '006869', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 1', 'Systems of linear equations. Matrix algebra. Determinants. Introduction to vector spaces. Applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 103 or 4U Calculus and Vectors; Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: MATH 114, 115, 136, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'MATH', '006870', 'UG', 'Applied Linear Algebra 2', 'Vector spaces. Linear transformations and matrices. Inner products. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Diagonalization. Applications. [Offered: F,S; online: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 106 or 136 or 146. Antireq: MATH 235, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('127', 'MATH', '006871', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for the Sciences', 'Functions of a real variable: powers, rational functions, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions, their properties and inverses. Intuitive discussion of limits and continuity. Definition and interpretation of the derivative, derivatives of elementary functions, derivative rules and applications. Riemann sums and other approximations to the definite integral. Fundamental theorems and antiderivatives; change of variable. Applications to area, rates, average value. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 104 or 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 109, 116, 117, 124, 137, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('128', 'MATH', '006872', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for the Sciences', 'Transforming and evaluating integrals; application to volumes and arc length; improper integrals. Separable and linear first order differential equations and applications. Introduction to sequences. Convergence of series; Taylor polynomials, Taylor''s Remainder theorem, Taylor series and applications. Parametric/vector representation of curves; particle motion and arc length. Polar coordinates in the plane. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 116, 117, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 138, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('135', 'MATH', '006878', 'UG', 'Algebra for Honours Mathematics', 'An introduction to the language of mathematics and proof techniques through a study of the basic algebraic systems of mathematics: the integers, the integers modulo n, the rational numbers, the real numbers, the complex numbers and polynomials. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE or Software Engineering students only. Antireq: MATH 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('136', 'MATH', '006879', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, elementary matrices, computational issues. Real n-space, vector spaces and subspaces, basis and dimension, rank of a matrix, linear transformations, and matrix representations. Determinants, eigenvalues and diagonalization, applications. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145; Honours Mathematics or Mathematics/BASE students) or Science Mathematical Physics students. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 146, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('137', 'MATH', '006880', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 for Honours Mathematics', 'Absolute values and inequalities. Sequences and their limits. Introduction to series. Limits of functions and continuity. The Intermediate Value theorem and approximate solutions to equations. Derivatives, linear approximation, and Newton''s method. The Mean Value theorem and error bounds. Applications of the Mean Value theorem, Taylor polynomials and Taylor''s theorem, Big-O notation. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 127, 147', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('138', 'MATH', '006881', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Introduction to the Riemann integral and approximations. Antiderivatives and the fundamental theorem of calculus. Change of variables, methods of integration. Applications of the integral. Improper integrals. Linear and separable differential equations and applications. Tests for convergence for series. Binomial series, functions defined as power series and Taylor series. Vector (parametric) curves in R2. Suitable topics are illustrated using computer software. [Offered: F,W,S; online: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 116 or 117 or 127 with a grade of at least 70%) or MATH 137 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 147. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 148', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'MATH', '006886', 'UG', 'Algebra (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 145 is an advanced-level version of MATH 135. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors or 4U Mathematics of Data Management; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 135', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('146', 'MATH', '006887', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 146 is an advanced-level version of MATH 136. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 135 may contact the instructor of MATH 146 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 145; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, NE 112', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('147', 'MATH', '006888', 'UG', 'Calculus 1 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 147 is an advanced-level version of MATH 137. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: 4U Calculus and Vectors; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 116, 117, 124, 127, 137', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('148', 'MATH', '006889', 'UG', 'Calculus 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 148 is an advanced-level version of MATH 138. [Note: Students who receive a minimum grade of 90% in MATH 137 may contact the instructor of MATH 148 to seek admission without the formal prerequisites. Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 147; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 118, 119, 128, 138', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'MATH', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 119; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 350, MATH 218, 228', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('205', 'ECE', '006891', 'UG', 'Advanced Calculus 1 for Electrical and Computer Engineers', 'Fourier series. Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transform. Applications to linear electrical systems. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: 2A Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'MATH', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 211/ECE 205; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 217, 227, 237, 247', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'ECE', '006892', 'UG', 'Adv Calculus 2 for Electrical Engineers', 'Triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. Divergence and curl, applications. Surface integrals, Green''s, Gauss'' and Stokes'' theorems, applications. Complex functions, analytic functions, contour integrals, Cauchy''s integral formula, Laurent series, residues. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: 2B Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MATH', '006897', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Chemical Engineering', 'Curves and surfaces in R3. Multivariable functions, partial derivatives, the chain rule, gradients. Optimization, Lagrange Multipliers. Double and triple integrals, change of variable. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Green''s theorem, the Divergence theorem and Stokes'' theorem. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: MATH 118; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 231, CIVE 221, ENVE 221, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 227, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217, ME 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218', 'MATH', '006898', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Engineers', 'First order equations, second order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions, the Laplace transform method, systems of linear differential equations. Applications in engineering are emphasized. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of MATH 118, 119, 128, 138, 148, SYDE 112; Engineering or Earth Science students only. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350, 351, CIVE 222, ENVE 223, MATH 211/ECE 205, MATH 212N, 228, ME 203, SYDE 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MATH', '006907', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Physics', 'Directional derivative and the chain rule for multivariable functions. Optimization, Lagrange multipliers. Double and triple integrals on simple domains; transformations and Jacobians; change of variable in multiple integrals. Vector fields, divergence and curl. Vector integral calculus: Line and surface integrals, Green''s Theorem, Stokes'' Theorem, Gauss'' Theorem, conservative vector fields. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Only open to Science students in honours plans. Antireq: AMATH 231, MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, 217, 237, 247, MATH 212N/NE 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('228', 'MATH', '006908', 'UG', 'Differential Equations for Physics and Chemistry', 'First-order equations, second-order linear equations with constant coefficients, series solutions and special functions, the Laplace transform method. Applications in physics and chemistry are emphasized. [Offered: F,W; online: W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 128 or 138; Not open to Mathematics students. Antireq: AMATH 250, 251, 350', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'MATH', '006913', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 for Honours Mathematics', 'Orthogonal and unitary matrices and transformations. Orthogonal projections, Gram-Schmidt procedure, best approximations, least-squares. Inner products, angles and orthogonality, orthogonal diagonalization, singular value decomposition, applications. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (MATH 106 or 114 or 115 with a grade of at least 70%) or (MATH 136 with a grade of at least 60%) or MATH 146; Honours Mathematics or Mathematical Physics students. Coreq: MATH 128 or 138 or 148. Antireq: MATH 225, 245', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'MATH', '006914', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 for Honours Mathematics', 'Calculus of functions of several variables. Limits, continuity, differentiability, the chain rule. The gradient vector and the directional derivative. Taylor''s formula. Optimization problems. Mappings and the Jacobian. Multiple integrals in various co-ordinate systems. [Note: MATH 247 may be substituted for MATH 237 whenever the latter is a plan requirement. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: (One of MATH 106, 114, 115, 136, 146) and (MATH 128 with at least 70% or MATH 138 with at least 60% or MATH 148); Honours Math or Math/Physics students. Antireq: MATH 207, 212/ECE 206, MATH 212N, 217, 227, 247', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('239', 'MATH', '006915', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics', 'Introduction to graph theory: colourings, matchings, connectivity, planarity. Introduction to combinatorial analysis: generating series, recurrence relations, binary strings, plane trees. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: ((MATH 106 with a grade of at least 70% or MATH 136 or 146) and (MATH 135 with a grade of at least 60% or MATH 145)) or level at least 2A Software Engineering; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 249', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('245', 'MATH', '006920', 'UG', 'Linear Algebra 2 (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 245 is an advanced-level version of MATH 235. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 225, 235', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('247', 'MATH', '006921', 'UG', 'Calculus 3 (Advanced Level)', 'Topology of real n-dimensional space: completeness, closed and open sets, connectivity, compact sets, continuity, uniform continuity. Differential calculus on multivariable functions: partial differentiability, differentiability, chain rule, Taylor polynomials, extreme value problems. Riemann integration: Jordan content, integrability criteria, Fubini''s theorem, change of variables. Local properties of continuously differentiable functions: open mapping theorem, inverse function theorem, implicit function theorem. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: MATH 146, 148; Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: MATH 237', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('249', 'MATH', '006922', 'UG', 'Introduction to Combinatorics (Advanced Level)', 'MATH 249 is an advanced-level version of MATH 239. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 with minimum grade of 80% or MATH 145) and (MATH 136 or 146); Honours Mathematics students only. Antireq: CO 220, MATH 229, 239', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'COMM', '006938', 'UG', 'Commercial and Business Law for Mathematics Students', 'The judicial process, contract law, agency, bankruptcy, negotiable instruments, law of banking, insurance law, partnership law, company law, torts, real estate law.', 'Antireq: AFM 231/LS 283, ECE 290; (For Mathematics students only) BUS 231W, CIVE 491, ENVS 201, GENE 411, ME 401, MTHEL 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'MTHEL', '006940', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematics Education', 'Current trends in education, professional practices and administration, the role of the department head, lesson planning, techniques of teaching, evaluation of students, special students, extracurricular activities, the relationship between elementary and secondary school mathematics, audio-visual materials. [Offered: S]', 'Prereq: Mathematics Teaching students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('400', 'COMM', '006943', 'UG', 'Entrepreneurship, Technology and the Emerging Information Economy', 'A study of the spirit of entrepreneurship in the technology industry, opportunities emerging in the new information economy, and the implementation issues associated with starting an entrepreneurial venture in today''s rapidly changing environment. Many of the concepts covered will also be applicable to careers in the technology industry or in information-based companies, where \"intrapreneurship\" is an emerging theme. Approximately one-half of the class time will involve guest lectures by entrepreneurs actively involved in the business community. [Note: COMM 400 would serve as an excellent sequel to ECON 220 which focuses on identifying markets for viable entrepreneurial ideas, but ECON 220 is not a prerequisite.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 440W, MTHEL 400', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'MUSIC', '006944', 'UG', 'Understanding Music', 'The styles, forms, techniques, and terminology of Western music through lectures and listening, as exemplified by great works from all eras of music history. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'MUSIC', '006948', 'UG', 'Fundamentals of Music Theory', 'An introduction to the primary skills of music practice emphasizing the reading and writing of musical notation. Students will learn elementary keyboard, listening, and sight-singing skills. [Note: For students with minimal musical background. Does not fulfil Music major or minor requirements.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('116', 'MUSIC', '006951', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('117', 'MUSIC', '006952', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 116', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('140', 'MUSIC', '006959', 'UG', 'Popular Music and Culture', 'An examination of the styles, forms, and development of 20th century popular music. The social, commercial, and technological aspects of popular music are considered.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'MUSIC', '006981', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 117', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('217', 'MUSIC', '006982', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 216', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'MUSIC', '006986', 'UG', 'Conducting 1', 'A study of conducting techniques appropriate for song leading, choral rehearsal, and public performance. The course will include score analysis and rehearsal procedures for music from a wide variety of historical styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'MUSIC', '006988', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Royal Conservatory Grade 8 Level. Audition required. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Studio Fee.]', 'Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('227', 'MUSIC', '006989', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 226. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'MUSIC', '006990', 'UG', 'Music Cognition', 'The study of music from a behavioural science perspective. Topics include auditory perception, creativity and aesthetic experience, emotive human responses, and the social psychology of music activities. Recent research in the field of music cognition will be explored in detail.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'MUSIC', '006991', 'UG', 'Introduction to Jazz', 'A survey of the development of jazz schools and individual styles as well as a study of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic improvisation. Styles will be demonstrated through recordings and live performance.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'MUSIC', '007001', 'UG', 'Cathedral and Court: Music to 1600', 'A study of major developments in western music during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, including Gregorian chant, mass, secular songs, instrumental music, and other musical genres that flourished under courtly and church patronage from the early Christian church to 1600.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('254', 'MUSIC', '007002', 'UG', 'Monteverdi to Mozart: Music from 1600-1800', 'A study of Baroque and Classical music of the 17th and 18th centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of opera, choral music, symphony, sonata, and the music of Monteverdi, Bach, Handel, Mozart, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'MUSIC', '007003', 'UG', 'The Romantic Century: Beethoven and Beyond', 'A study of music of the 19th century in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include the development of principal forms in the music of Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, Bruckner, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'MUSIC', '007004', 'UG', 'Music Since 1900', 'A study of music of the 20th and early 21st centuries in cultural, political, and artistic contexts. Topics include modern and contemporary composers'' challenges to traditional musical ideals in the music of Debussy, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Cage, and others.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'MUSIC', '007009', 'UG', 'The Symphony', 'A survey of the great symphonies from Haydn to Stravinsky, through lectures and listening. A portion of the course will be devoted to works being performed by the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony Orchestra during the term. [Note: The ability to read music notation is not required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('270', 'MUSIC', '007018', 'UG', 'Music Theory 1', 'The study of basic melodic, harmonic, and voice leading concepts including an introduction to figured bass and functional harmony. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work. [Note: A basic knowledge of scales, triads, and music notation is required.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'MUSIC', '007020', 'UG', 'Music Theory 2', 'The study of harmony, counterpoint, and form of 18th and early 19th century music. Sight-singing, ear-training, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 270', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'MUSIC', '007025', 'UG', 'Music and Technology', 'A hands-on introduction to music and technology, including recording, audio editing, digital signal processing, and Musical Instrumental Digital Interface (MIDI). Course work will foster a practical understanding of digital music production software and techniques, and involve electroacoustic or acoustic composition. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('316', 'MUSIC', '007036', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 217', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'MUSIC', '007037', 'UG', 'Music Ensemble', 'The study of selected music literature through rehearsals and performance in one of the Music Department ensembles: Chamber Choir, Chapel Choir, University Choir, Vocal Techniques, Orchestra, Instrumental Chamber Ensembles, Jazz Ensemble, World Music Ensemble. Regular attendance at rehearsals and performances is required. [Note: For musical reasons, admission to any particular ensemble is at the discretion of the director. Audition required for some ensembles. Contact music department prior to first day of class. Course will be graded on a CR/NCR basis.]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 316', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('322', 'MUSIC', '007038', 'UG', 'Conducting 2', 'A continuation of the study of conducting techniques begun in MUSIC 222. The course focuses on the development of analytical and musical skills including score study, aural skills, and gestural clarity.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326', 'MUSIC', '007039', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110; 227, 270; Music majors and minors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'MUSIC', '007040', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 326; Music majors. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('332', 'MUSIC', '007041', 'UG', 'Aesthetics of Music', 'This course employs various methods to explore questions of musical meaning. Through study and discussion of selected sources from antiquity to the present, such themes as imitation, abstraction, beauty, and other debated issues will be examined in historical context and in relation to the other arts.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'MUSIC', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'GSJ', '007042', 'UG', 'Women and Music', 'An examination of women''s roles in music from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics may include women''s music as a genre, historical accounts of women''s music-making, and the effects of gender ideology on women''s musical activities, behaviour, and performance.', 'Prereq: One of GSJ 101, 102, WS 101, 102. Antireq: WS 334', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('355', 'MUSIC', '007045', 'UG', 'Music and Culture Travel Course', 'A spring term seminar approximately three weeks long, taught on location including daily lectures, attendance at music performances, and tours to places of cultural importance. Past and possible future locations include Vienna, London, Leipzig, South Africa, Morocco, Bali, and Estonia. [Note: Additional costs will apply. This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'MUSIC', '007049', 'UG', 'Art Song', 'A study of the music written for solo voice from the 17th century to the present.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'MUSIC', '007050', 'UG', 'Piano Literature', 'A study of music for solo piano from its 17th and 18th century antecedents to the present. Using historical and analytical approaches, individual works will be considered within a tradition of particular forms, genres, and styles.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 100 or 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'MUSIC', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('357', 'RS', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'CMW', '007051', 'UG', 'The Christian Hymn', 'The origins of the Christian hymn and its development up to the present. The course considers the hymn as theological, poetic, musical, cultural, and spiritual expression, and the use of hymns in a variety of worship settings. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'MUSIC', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'RS', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'CMW', '007052', 'UG', 'Worship and its Music', 'The nature of worship and the role of music within worship in historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. Field trips to services of various traditions. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 2 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('370', 'MUSIC', '007058', 'UG', 'Music Theory 3 (19th Century)', 'The study of chromatic harmony as well as melodic and formal aspects of 19th-century music. Ear-training, sight-singing, and keyboard lab sessions will be integrated with written and analytical work.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'MUSIC', '007059', 'UG', 'Music Theory 4 (20th Century)', 'The study of the compositional aspects of 20th century music, including extended tonality, atonality, 12-tone writing, neo-classical idioms, and contemporary compositional procedures. Lab sessions will cover non-tonal melodic reading and complex chord structures.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 370', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('376', 'MUSIC', '007064', 'UG', 'Composition Seminar', 'An exploration of the discipline and craft of composing and arranging. Topics include choral, chamber ensemble, and orchestral techniques; electronic music; and charting for popular music. The course includes both score preparation and opportunities for recital performances of original works.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'MUSIC', '007066', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('381', 'MUSIC', '007069', 'UG', 'Directed Study in Music', 'An independent term project completed under tutorial guidance of a faculty advisor.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'MUSIC', '007072', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Music', 'A special study of a selected topic in music. Consult department for details. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'MUSIC', '007076', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 327. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('427', 'MUSIC', '007077', 'UG', 'Music Studio', 'Individual instruction in voice, piano, organ, classical guitar, and orchestral instruments. [Note: Studio Fee]', 'Prereq: MUSIC 426. Coreq: One of MUSIC 116, 117, 216, 217, 316, 317, 416, 417. Antireq: MUSIC 428', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'MUSIC', '007083', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Thesis', 'An independent research project for Honours Music students. The topic is determined through consultation between the student and a faculty advisor.', 'Prereq: MUSIC 491', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'OPTOM', '007086', 'UG', 'Pathophysiology', 'Pathogenesis of human disease based on a molecular and cellular framework. Fundamental concepts such as homeostasis, cell injury, protective responses (inflammation, fever, immune response) and the healing process. Systemic pathophysiology: abnormal functions of the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, nervous system, urinary system, muscular system, respiratory system and digestive system.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('104', 'OPTOM', '007087', 'UG', 'Neuroanatomy', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the head and neck, with emphasis on the special senses. The course includes neuroanatomy as a basis for understanding how various neuronal systems function.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('105', 'OPTOM', '007088', 'UG', 'Medical Microbiology', 'Bacterial physiology and genetics, normal flora, bacteria (including chlamydiae and rickettsiae), fungi, viruses, parasites and related diseases, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms of ocular disease and relevant ocular manifestations in appropriate topics.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('106', 'OPTOM', '007089', 'UG', 'Geometrical, Physical and Visual Optics', 'Nature of light, wave motion and superposition, rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction, image formation and quality, optical properties of plane and curved surfaces, prisms and thin lenses. Apertures and pupils. Thick lens theory, lens systems, ray construction, Fraunhofer diffraction and resolution limit. Fresnel diffraction. Simple optical eye models. Refractive error and its correction. Interference and coherence of light:applications. Lasers.', 'Prereq: (PHYS 111, 111L, 112, and 112L) or (PHYS 121, 121L, 122 and 122L) and MATH 127; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('109', 'OPTOM', '007090', 'UG', 'Visual Perception 1: Perception of Light', 'Sensory processes involved in visual perception. Topics include spectral sensitivity, light and dark adaptation, temporal and spatial resolution, and principles of photometry.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('114', 'OPTOM', '007092', 'UG', 'Ocular Anatomy and Physiology', 'This course presents the detailed anatomy of the eye. The course includes histology, gross anatomy and physiology, as a basis for understanding how the various ocular structures function individually and interact with each other. The course emphasizes the processes operating to maintain the eye as a viable organ and provides a patho-physiological and clinical perspective of the implications of breakdown of these mechanisms.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 104; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'OPTOM', '007093', 'UG', 'Systemic Disease', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis and management of diseases affecting the organs and tissues of the human body including: circulatory, hemopoietic/lymphoid, lungs/upper respiratory tract, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver/biliary tract, pancreas, urogenital system, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, skin, nervous system diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 103, 105; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'OPTOM', '007097', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 1', 'Single vision spectacle lenses. Lens and frame materials. Optical and ophthalmic instrumentation. Image quality. Polarization. Tinted lenses. Decentration and prismatic effect. Obliquely crossed cylinders. Spectacle magnification. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of spectacle lens power.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('246', 'OPTOM', '007102', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 2', 'Multifocal spectacle lenses. Aberrations of thin lenses and spectacle lens design. Prescribing and fitting of spectacles. Environmental and occupational prescribing. Prescription analysis. Ophthalmic and visual standards. Computer vision syndrome. Ophthalmic laboratory procedures: measurement of complex spectacle lenses, and spectacle frame adjustment and repairs.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 106, 216; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'OPTOM', '007104', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 2', 'Basic and clinical ocular motility. Basic concepts of ocular motility are integrated with clinical methods. Assessment and diagnosis of strabismic and non-strabismic disorders.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 142, 152; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'OPTOM', '007106', 'UG', 'Diseases of the Eye 2', 'Etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and epidemiology of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye; higher visual and oculomotor systems; multisystem diseases.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'OPTOM', '007107', 'UG', 'Clinical Ocular Pharmacology', 'Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of ophthalmic drug design and delivery. Selection and use of ophthalmic diagnostic pharmaceutical agents, palliative agents and therapeutic pharmaceutical agents. Mechanism of action, contraindications and adverse drug reactions. Recommended guidelines for use and follow-up procedures.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 245, 231, 255; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('346', 'OPTOM', '007113', 'UG', 'Ophthalmic Optics 3', 'Spectacle frame materials. Fitting and adjusting techniques. Selection of lens design. Lenses for high myopia. Dispensing of eye protectors. Optics of low vision aids. Patient counselling and management of dispensing problems. Laboratories provide experience in practical aspects of ophthalmic dispensing.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 216, 246) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('347', 'OPTOM', '007115', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 1', 'Indications and contra-indications for contact lens wear. Lens selection and design. Fitting and evaluating rigid and hydrogel soft contact lenses. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of contact lens materials. Optical and mathematical concepts. The ocular physiological response to contact lens wear. Care and maintenance of contact lenses.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 143, 246, 252) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348A', 'OPTOM', '007118', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('348B', 'OPTOM', '007119', 'UG', 'Optometry Clinics', 'Students are assigned to various areas within the clinic where, under direct clinical faculty supervision, they participate in the provision of optometric services to clinic patients. In addition to primary care, they are exposed to the provision of contact lens, ocular health, and optical services.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('367', 'OPTOM', '007128', 'UG', 'Contact Lenses 2', 'Detection and management of chronic and acute complications induced by contact lenses. Contact lens management options for special conditions such as dry eye, aphakia, and keratoconus (and other corneal irregularities). Disposable lenses and replacement regimens. Extended wear options. Alternative management of refractive errors such as orthokeratology and refractive surgery. Contact lenses and presbyopia.', 'Prereq: (OPTOM 155/245, 347) or advanced standing status; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('412', 'OPTOM', '007132', 'UG', 'Case Analysis 3', 'Building on analytical principles developed in OPTOM 342, this course involves student, case-based presentations in a grand rounds format. Each student chooses one, different, interesting case from his/her previous clinical experience. The student presents the case and answers questions related to the case and the patient''s condition(s). Faculty discussants will direct the students in assessing the basic and clinical science features of the cases. Patient cases may be chosen from any aspect of optometric practice.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'OPTOM', '007134', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Proposal', 'An independent paper in the form of literature review on the student''s area of interest, experimental design proposition, and preliminary data. Before registering in the course the student and the designated supervisor must submit to the coordinator a research proposal for the student''s research area. The format of the paper is to be determined with the supervisor and may be in chapters, in journal style, or in an oral presentation, during the registered term, at seminar sessions (OPTOM 609/OPTOM 629).', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('478', 'OPTOM', '007136', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 3', 'Supervised optometric patient care in a variety of the University of Waterloo optometric clinical settings. Activities include assessment, diagnosis and management of disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions, dispensing and fitting of optometric appliances and rehabilitative vision care. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'OPTOM', '007137', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 1', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one or more external clinical settings.This course is complementary to OPTOM 468 Clinical Clerkship 2 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('468', 'OPTOM', '007138', 'UG', 'Clinical Clerkship 2', 'Supervised optometric patient care in one, or more, external clinical settings. This course is complementary to OPTOM 458 Clinical Clerkship 1 and includes optometric assessment, diagnosis and management of refractive errors, disorders and diseases of the eye and visual system, along with associated systemic conditions and practice management. [Offered: S, F, W]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'OPTOM', '007140', 'UG', 'Optometry Research Project', 'An independent research project on an approved topic, supervised by a faculty member. This is the completion of the research proposal in OPTOM 441 and it is recommended that the format of the report, to be determined with the supervisor, follow the format selected for OPTOM 441.', 'Prereq: OPTOM 441; Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461S', 'OPTOM', '007150', 'UG', 'Optometry Seminar', 'This is a seminar course.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('477', 'OPTOM', '007152', 'UG', 'Clinical Techniques 4', 'This course will provide an opportunity for optometry students to discuss and evaluate clinical techniques, instrumentation, and ideologies not covered in the current curriculum. Students will be encouraged to use their basic knowledge of the vision sciences to provide a perceptive critique of the clinical subjects addressed.', 'Prereq: Optometry students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PACS', '007191', 'UG', 'Roots of Conflict, Violence, and Peace', 'An examination of influential theories about the sources and nature of conflict, violence, and peace. Contributions from the social sciences as well as the humanities will be explored, with attention to connections between interpersonal, intergroup, and international levels of analysis.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PACS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('271', 'LS', '007192', 'UG', 'Conflict Resolution', 'An examination of the resolution of conflicts, ranging from interpersonal to broader social and international conflicts. Students are introduced to negotiation, mediation, and nonviolent resistance, and are encouraged to develop their own theoretical understandings that aid in addressing conflict.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('323', 'PACS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students. Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319', 'LS', '007201', 'UG', 'Negotiation: Theories and Strategies', 'This course explores different ways of negotiating between people and groups with conflicting interests. Students will learn the theory behind the strategies and develop practical negotiation skills you can put to use in your daily life at home, at work, and in the community.', 'Antireq: PSYCH 439', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('302', 'PACS', '007203', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Peace and Conflict Studies 2', 'A seminar course investigating special issues related to peace and conflict. Content may vary from year to year. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('311', 'PACS', '007210', 'UG', 'Doing Development: Issues of Justice and Peace', 'This course introduces a variety of theoretical and practical perspectives on international development. It examines current and alternative development programs in terms of their contribution to justice and/or peace at local, national, and global levels.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PACS', '007211', 'UG', 'Quest for Peace in Literature and Film', 'A study of works of literature and film which express a resistance to war. The course examines how the desire to articulate an anti-war position has engaged the artistic sensibilities and shaped the visions and modes of expression of selected writers and filmmakers.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('313', 'PACS', '007212', 'UG', 'Community Conflict Resolution', 'An analysis of the growing use of mediation and other conflict resolution strategies in community conflicts, race relations, church disputes, and alternatives to the legal system. The course focuses on case studies with attention to both practical and theoretical issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PACS', '007213', 'UG', 'Restorative Justice and Transformative Education', 'This seminar course presents alternative ways of designing the educational experience using restorative justice as a foundation. It applies the principles and practices of restorative justice to many aspects of education including dealing with conflict, curriculum development, school culture, and system issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PACS', '007215', 'UG', 'Internship', 'An internship allows students to engage in experiential learning with an organization that deals with peace and conflict issues, in either a Canadian or international context. The course integrates theory and practice, while facilitating the development of attitudes, strategies, skills, and knowledge that support work in a Peace and Conflict Studies-related setting. Students will identify an appropriate placement, read relevant texts, and submit a report reflecting on what the internship revealed about the integration of peace and conflict studies theory and practice. [Note: Additional costs should be expected.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PACS', '007217', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PACS', '007218', 'UG', 'Directed Readings in Peace and Conflict Studies', 'Students may arrange independent studies in the area of peace and conflict studies on problems of special interest.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Peace and Conflict Studies students or Peace and Conflict Studies Diploma students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110A', 'PHIL', '007228', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy: Knowledge and Reality', 'An introduction to central issues in metaphysics and epistemology. Questions to be considered might include: \"Can we know anything?\", \"Does God exist?\", \"Is the mind just a brain?\", \"Do human beings have free will?\"', 'Antireq: PHIL 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100J', 'PHIL', '007231', 'UG', 'Introduction to Philosophy', 'This course seeks to introduce students to the nature of philosophy. This is done through the examination of core texts and figures in the history of philosophy as well as in the discussion of perennial philosophical questions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('118J', 'PHIL', '007241', 'UG', 'Virtue and the Good Life', 'An examination of the importance of virtue in general and of the cardinal virtues in particular (practical wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation) for the development of moral character and the enjoyment of the good life.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120J', 'PHIL', '007242', 'UG', 'The Meaning of Life', 'We may have distinct ideas about the reason why we do this or that, but is there a point to our existence as a whole? What do or should we live for? Or is life essentially meaningless or even absurd? What do such questions mean and how can we best answer them? The views of different philosophers will be explored and compared.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('145', 'PHIL', '007246', 'UG', 'Critical Thinking', 'An analysis of basic types of reasoning, structure of arguments, critical assessment of information, common fallacies, problems of clarity and meaning.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('283', 'PHIL', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'CLAS', '007248', 'UG', 'Great Works: Ancient and Medieval', 'A historical survey of ancient and medieval philosophy in the Western tradition.', 'Antireq: PHIL 250A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('284', 'PHIL', '007249', 'UG', 'Great Works: Modern', 'A historical survey of modern philosophy in the Western tradition. [Note: Formerly PHIL 250B.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 250B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200J', 'PHIL', '007250', 'UG', 'Aristotelian Logic', 'An introduction to the understanding of how words are used, the formation of propositions, the construction of arguments and the examination of fallacies to help the student argue with order, facility and without error.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('201', 'PHIL', '007251', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Sex and Love', 'Classic and contemporary philosophical examination of sex and love. Questions considered might include the following: Do you love because your love-object is worthy, or do you find your love-object worthy because of your love for them? Does sex ever involve using persons as mere means to an end? Should it?', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'PHIL', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('222', 'GSJ', '007253', 'UG', 'Gender Issues', 'Philosophical analysis of issues relating to sex/gender. Questions considered might include the following: What, if anything, is the difference between sex and gender? How much of a role do facts about biology play in our ideas about sex and gender? How many sexes are there? What ethical issues arise for us in virtue of our gender?', 'Antireq: WS 222', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('204J', 'PHIL', '007254', 'UG', 'Philosophy and Culture', 'An exploration of the nature of culture and its role in the life and development of the human being through an analysis of the assumptions of Western popular culture in such areas as technology and the internet, individual freedom, sexuality, and the global economy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('305J', 'PHIL', '007256', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Nature', 'A philosophical study of the most fundamental and common aspects of the natural world. After examining how such a study differs from and complements modern science, topics such as nature, matter, change, cause, time, and chance will be explored.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306J', 'PHIL', '007257', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Science', 'A philosophical study of the approaches to the material world used by contemporary physical science. The nature and the value of the experimental method in the writings of scientists past and present will be examined.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('208', 'PHIL', '007259', 'UG', 'Philosophy Through Science Fiction', 'Questions regarding such matters as the nature of knowledge, logic and language, mind and brain, space and time, causality, ethics, and politics are explored through classic philosophic texts and science fiction narratives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('209', 'PHIL', '007260', 'UG', 'Philosophy in Literature', 'Philosophical themes will be explored through appropriate literary works.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210J', 'PHIL', '007263', 'UG', 'Human Nature', 'What is a human being? The course examines this question from a philosophical perspective. Topics to be covered may include the soul, the body, emotions, the intellect, the will, relationships, sex, and human dignity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'PHIL', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('202', 'ARBUS', '007266', 'UG', 'Professional and Business Ethics', 'Study of ethical and moral issues that typically arise in professional and business activity. What responsibilities to society at large do people in such business and professional activities as teaching, engineering, planning, architecture, and accounting have? How far should professional autonomy extend?', 'Prereq: Arts and Business students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('216', 'PHIL', '007267', 'UG', 'Probability and Decision Making', 'This course covers a set of related topics in probability, inductive reasoning, game theory, and decision theory which are of both theoretical and practical interest, having application to the philosophy of science, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, political science, and economics. The course begins with probability theory, introduces utility theory, and discusses approaches to the theory of decision making with attention to their epistemological, social, and ethical implications.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('218J', 'PHIL', '007269', 'UG', 'Foundations of Ethics', 'What is ethics and what is it based on? What does it mean for an action, a person, or a life to be morally good? Can philosophy provide any objective and universal answers to moral questions? The views of different philosophers will be discussed.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('219J', 'PHIL', '007270', 'UG', 'Practical Ethics', 'An examination of contemporary ethical issues pertinent to our Western societies, such as abortion, euthanasia, the treatment of animals, the environment, and free expression.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHIL', '007271', 'UG', 'Moral Issues', 'This course surveys several controversial moral topics, and a range of philosophical views on each. Topics may include abortion, cloning, euthanasia and suicide, sexism, prostitution, pornography, torture, and animal rights. [Note: Formerly PHIL 220.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('221', 'PHIL', '007272', 'UG', 'Ethics', 'An introduction to moral theories, including ones based on virtue, consequences, and rights and duties, with discussion of historical developments leading to those theories.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('224', 'PHIL', '007274', 'UG', 'Environmental Ethics', 'Philosophical perspectives on such issues as climate change, pollution, use of scarce resources, biodiversity, and our relations with animals and future generations. This course will also consider bioactivism and other approaches to environmental problems.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PHIL', '007275', 'UG', 'Biomedical Ethics', 'An examination of ethical issues in the health sciences, such as the patient-doctor relationship, reproductive rights and technologies, genetic testing, allocation of medical resources, and end-of-life decisions.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230J', 'PHIL', '007277', 'UG', 'God and Philosophy', 'What is God? Does God exist? Can philosophy prove God or is agnosticism or atheism more reasonable? Is God compatible with evil and suffering or with a modern scientific worldview? Such questions will be explored from a variety of perspectives.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('237', 'PHIL', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'RS', '007281', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion', 'A critical discussion of basic religious concepts. Among the topics covered will be faith, miracles, religious experience, immortality, arguments for the existence of God, and challenges to religious belief. [Note: This course fulfils an Area 3 requirement for Religious Studies majors.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('240', 'PHIL', '007285', 'UG', 'Introduction to Formal Logic', 'An examination of classical propositional logic, covering proof methods, expressive completeness, soundness, and completeness. Also an introduction to quantificational logic.', 'Prereq: Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PHIL', '007292', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mind', 'This course will discuss fundamental questions concerning the nature of mind, including the relation between mind and body, the plausibility of commonsense views of the mind, and knowledge of other minds.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHIL', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PSYCH', '007293', 'UG', 'Introduction to Cognitive Science', 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. This course will draw on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology to address central questions about the nature of thinking. Topics discussed will include mental representation, computational models of mind, and consciousness.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('265', 'PHIL', '007297', 'UG', 'The Existentialist Experience', 'An introduction to existentialism using both literary and philosophical texts.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318J', 'PHIL', '007308', 'UG', 'Philosophy and the Family', 'A philosophical examination of the family: its foundation, its purpose, its importance in personal growth and its relation to political community.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('319J', 'PHIL', '007309', 'UG', 'Ethics of End-of-Life Care', 'What options does a person reaching the end of life have and how can they best be cared for? How can we balance patient autonomy with the expertise of the health-care provider and the demands of the health-care system? This course will help students think philosophically and critically about issues like these in their cultural, historical, and legal context. Specific topics may include consent, human dignity, euthanasia, refusal or withdrawal of treatment, palliative care and holistic patient care, pluralism and diverse understandings of dying, and treatment of the elderly.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('327', 'PHIL', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'LS', '007311', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Law', 'Basic themes in the philosophy of law. Issues include the nature of law and its relation to morality and politics, legal reasoning, the justification of punishment, and theories of rights, responsibility, and liability.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PHIL', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('338', 'FINE', '007315', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Art', 'What is art? What is beauty? What do the two have to do with each other? This course introduces students to some fundamental issues in the philosophy of art, and to a variety of philosophical views on these issues.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PHIL', '007317', 'UG', 'Topics in Epistemology', 'Special topics in epistemology, as announced by the department. Potential topics include (but are not limited to) the epistemology of testimony, the epistemology of disagreement, normative social cognition, and the varieties and functions of ignorance. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 250B, 251, 255, 284', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PHIL', '007320', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Mathematics', 'An introduction to philosophical problems concerning mathematics. Topics may include: what makes mathematical statements true (e.g., do numbers exist?); whether mathematics is a human creation or something we discover; what counts as a proof; mathematical paradoxes; the relationship between mathematics and other sciences; and mathematical pluralism. [Note: Formerly PHIL 359.]', 'Antireq: PHIL 359', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHIL', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'CLAS', '007324', 'UG', 'History of Ancient Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in ancient philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PHIL', '007326', 'UG', 'Medieval Philosophy', 'In this course students will examine one or more important figures, periods, or issues in medieval philosophy. Augustine, Boethius, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aquinas, and Scotus are among the philosophers who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('384', 'PHIL', '007328', 'UG', 'History of Modern Philosophy', 'In this course, students will learn about one or more important figures, periods, or issues in modern philosophy. Descartes, Locke, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant are among the figures who may be covered. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 unit in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('386', 'PHIL', '007330', 'UG', '19th- and 20th-Century Philosophy', 'A course on one or more important figures or issues in 19th- or 20th-century philosophy, as announced by the department. The focus of the course may change each time it is offered. Potential figures include (but are not limited to) Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, James, Dewey, Peirce, Frege, Carnap, and Russell. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.50 units in PHIL', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'PHIL', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('402', 'GSJ', '007335', 'UG', 'Studies in Feminist Philosophy/Philosophy of Sex', 'Special topics in feminist philosophy, women philosophers and/or the philosophy of sex, as announced by the Department of Philosophy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times. Formerly WS 422/PHIL 402.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Gender and Social Justice students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('326J', 'PHIL', '007336', 'UG', 'Philosophy of Social Justice', 'What is justice and more particularly what makes a society just? In the philosophical treatment of this problem, notions such as the purpose of community living, private and common goods, individual freedom, and social responsibility will be explored.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('420', 'PHIL', '007337', 'UG', 'Studies in Ethics', 'Special topics in ethics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('422', 'PHIL', '007339', 'UG', 'Studies in Political Philosophy', 'Special topics in political philosophy, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PHIL', '007345', 'UG', 'Studies in Logic', 'Special topics in logic, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: One of PHIL 240, 341, 342, PMATH 330', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450J', 'PHIL', '007348', 'UG', 'Being and Existence', 'A discussion of metaphysics as the kind of examination initiated by the Greeks (e.g., Parmenides and Aristotle) and renewed subsequently by many other philosophers (e.g., Aquinas and Heidegger), understood as ontology or the rational study of being as such. Notions such as reality, essence, existence, and analogy will be discussed.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451J', 'PHIL', '007349', 'UG', 'Thomas Aquinas', 'An in-depth study of a particular theme in Thomas Aquinas. Specific topic to vary. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: 0.5 units in PHIL; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PHIL', '007350', 'UG', 'Studies in Metaphysics', 'Special topics in metaphysics, as announced by the Department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PHIL', '007355', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PHIL', '007356', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PHIL', '007365', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('482', 'PHIL', '007366', 'UG', 'Special Topics', 'Advanced study of special topics, as announced by the department. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of three times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Philosophy students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111', 'PHYS', '007388', 'UG', 'Physics 1', 'An introduction to physics for students intending to concentrate their further studies in biology, dentistry, medicine and paramedicine; includes particle kinematics and dynamics, energy and momentum conservation, and rotational mechanics. [Offered: F, W; also offered online: W]', 'Antireq: PHYS 115, 121', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('111L', 'PHYS', '007389', 'UG', 'Physics 1 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 111. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 111 Antireq: PHYS 121L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112', 'PHYS', '007390', 'UG', 'Physics 2', 'A continuation of PHYS 111; includes simple harmonic motion, electrostatic force and potential, electric current and power, DC circuits, magnetic field and induction, wave motion, sound and optics. [Offered: W,S; also offered online: S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 111 or 121; Antireq: PHYS 122, 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('112L', 'PHYS', '007391', 'UG', 'Physics 2 Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 112. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 112 Antireq: PHYS 122L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('115', 'PHYS', '007392', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'Brief review of kinematics. Particle dynamics, work, energy, conservation of energy. Conservation of linear momentum, collisions, rotational kinematics and dynamics, conservation of angular momentum. Equilibrium of rigid bodies. [Offered: F, W, S]', 'Antireq: PHYS 111, 121; First year Engineering students only', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121', 'PHYS', '007393', 'UG', 'Mechanics', 'An introductory course in physics for students intending to concentrate their future studies in the physical sciences, optometry, or mathematics; includes vectors (dot and cross products), particle kinematics and dynamics, forces in nature, work and energy, conservation of energy and linear momentum, rotational kinematics and dynamics, and conservation of angular momentum. [Note: Successful completion of 4U Calculus and Vectors, 4U Advanced Functions and 4U Physics is required. Offered: F, also offered online: W]', 'Coreq: One of MATH 104, 127, 137, 147. Antireq: PHYS 111, 115, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('121L', 'PHYS', '007394', 'UG', 'Mechanics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 121. [Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 121 Antireq: PHYS 111L or 131L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('122L', 'PHYS', '007396', 'UG', 'Waves, Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 122. [Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 122. Antireq: PHYS 112L or 132L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('125', 'PHYS', '007398', 'UG', 'Physics for Engineers', 'Oscillations; simple harmonic motion. Wave motion, travelling and standing waves; transverse and longitudinal waves, including sound. Geometrical optics; reflection and refraction. Physical optics; interference and diffraction. Quantum physics; quantization of radiation; hydrogen atom. [Offered: W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 115; Engineering students only. Antireq: PHYS 112, PHYS 122', 'Department Consent Required', 'Department Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('234', 'PHYS', '007407', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 1', 'Background of quantum physics. Introduction to formalism of quantum physics. Introduction to operators. Quantization, waves, and particles. The uncertainty principle. The Schroedinger equation for one-dimensional problems: bound states in square wells, harmonic oscillator, transmission through barriers. [Note: CS 114, PHYS 236, or knowledge of computational methods is recommended. Offered: W, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 249, MATH 114, 136; One of MATH 128, 138, 148. Coreq: One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251. Antireq: CHEM 356, NE 232, PHYS 233, ECE 405', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('242L', 'PHYS', '007418', 'UG', 'Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 242. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W,S]', 'Coreq: PHYS 242 Antireq: PHYS 224L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256', 'PHYS', '007422', 'UG', 'Geometrical and Physical Optics', 'Geometrical optics: image formation, ray tracing through multiple optical components, dispersion by prisms, optical fibers, optical instruments - eyes, telescopes, microscopes, and cameras, introduction to aberrations; physical optics: interference and interferometers, diffraction, imaging resolution, diffraction gratings and their use in spectroscopy; wave-particle duality; introduction to the electromagnetic nature of light and polarization. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 108, 128, 138, 148. Coreq: PHYS 256L for Science students except for Mathematical Physics Plan. Antireq: ECE 404', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('256L', 'PHYS', '007423', 'UG', 'Optics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 256. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: F]', 'Coreq: PHYS 256', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('275', 'PHYS', '007428', 'UG', 'Planets', 'Terrestrial and gas giant planets in the Solar System, asteroids and comets. Extrasolar planets and astrobiology. Star and planet formation. [Offered: F]', 'Pereq: One of PHYS 111, 115, 121, ECE 105', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PHYS', '007434', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 2', 'Formalism of quantum mechanics. Operator approach to the harmonic oscillator. Quantum mechanics in three dimensions: Hydrogen atom, angular momentum and spin. Time-independent perturbation theory. Fine structure of hydrogen. Zeeman effect. Identical particles. The variational principle. Ground state of the helium atom. Applications in atomic and molecular physics. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 234 or CHEM 356; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; MATH 227 or 237 or 247. Antireq: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PHYS', '007438', 'UG', 'Electronics', 'Norton and Th\u00e9venin equivalent circuits, bipolar junction and field-effect transistors, operational amplifiers, negative feedback, noise, common circuits used for measurement and control of laboratory experiments, introduction to digital circuits. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 122 (winter 2019 or later), 224, 242. Coreq: PHYS 391L', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391L', 'PHYS', '007439', 'UG', 'Electronics Laboratory', 'For students who have taken or are taking PHYS 391. [Note: Lab alternates weeks. Offered: W]', 'Coreq: PHYS 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('358', 'PHYS', '007444', 'UG', 'Thermal Physics', 'Temperature and thermodynamic equilibrium. Work, internal energy and heat; first law, with examples. Kinetic theory of gases. Basic probability theory. Microscopic states and entropy. Absolute temperature, reversibility and the second law. Thermodynamic Functions and Maxwell''s relations. Phase transitions. Third Law. Other applications of thermodynamics. [Formerly PHYS 258. Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251. Antireq: CHEM 254, ECE 403', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('359', 'PHYS', '007445', 'UG', 'Statistical Mechanics', 'Fundamental postulate of statistical thermodynamics. Entropy. Microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles. Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Boltzmann Statistics. Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. Applications to specific heat of solids, classical and quantum gases, electrons in metals, Planck''s law of radiation, and Bose-Einstein condensation. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 358, ECE 403, CHEM 254, ME 250; One of PHYS 233, 234, CHEM 356, co-requisite: AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360A', 'PHYS', '007446', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 1', 'Selected experiments in mechanics, optics, electronics, atomic, molecular, nuclear, and solid state physics. [Note: Students in programs joint with Physics should see department for enrolment access. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: One of MNS 201L, PHYS 260L, 270L; Honours Physics, Physics and Astronomy, or Materials and Nanosciences', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('360B', 'PHYS', '007447', 'UG', 'Modern Physics Laboratory 2', 'Continuation of PHYS 360A. [Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 360A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PHYS', '007449', 'UG', 'Intermediate Classical Mechanics', 'Non-inertial frames of reference. Calculus of variations. Lagrangian mechanics. Coupled oscillations and normal modes. Hamiltonian dynamics. [Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of PHYS 263 or AMATH 271; One of MATH 227, 237, 247; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, AMATH 251', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('364', 'PHYS', '007450', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 1', 'Sturm-Liouville theory. Legendre, Bessel, and other special functions. Fourier series and introduction to Fourier transforms. Separation of variables. [Offered: F, S]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics or Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 353', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('365', 'PHYS', '007451', 'UG', 'Mathematical Physics 2', 'Introduction to probability and statistics. Complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent expansions, residue theorem, contour integrals and applications. Fourier and Laplace transforms with applications. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: MATH 227; One of MATH 228, AMATH 250, 251; Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Life Physics and Materials and Nanosciences students only. Antireq: AMATH 332', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('375', 'PHYS', '007457', 'UG', 'Stars', 'Stellar distances, masses, ages. Stellar interiors and atmospheres, star formation and evolution. Supernovae, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; One of PHYS 236, CS 114, 116, 136, 146; Two of PHYS 234, 242, 256, 275, 358, AMATH 271', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('380', 'PHYS', '007458', 'UG', 'Molecular and Cellular Biophysics', 'Cell structure and molecular composition; intermolecular interactions and hydration; protein structure and function; cytoskeletal filaments; DNA structure, packing and chromosomes; rate equations and biological dynamics (e.g., cytoskeletal polymerization); self-assembly; cell membranes; action potentials and biological electricity; molecular motors; cell motility. [Note: Recommended PHYS 280/BIOL 280. Offered: F,S]', 'Prereq: PHYS 112 or 122; CHEM 123 or 125', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PHYS', '007463', 'UG', 'Quantum Physics 3', 'Symmetries and conservation laws. Review of time-independent perturbation theory (degenerate and non-degenerate, Rayleigh-Schrodinger, Brillouin-Wigner and canonical perturbation theory; effective Hamiltonian derivation). Time-dependent perturbation theory (1st and 2nd order, adiabatic perturbation, Aharonov-Bohm effect). Fermi''s golden rule. Two-level systems. Emission and absorption of radiation (applications). Second quantization of electromagnetic field in free space; photons. Spontaneous emission and natural lifetime; Lamb shift. Elements of scattering theory. Introduction to the Dirac equation. [Offered: F]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 364 or (AMATH 351 and 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('435', 'PHYS', '007464', 'UG', 'Current Topics in Condensed Matter Physics', 'Physics pertaining to collective and emergent phenomena in condensed matter systems. Examples of topics to be covered include magnetism, superconductivity, heavy Fermion systems, quantum hall effect, protein folding, membranes, DNA physics, polymer physics, Modern experimental and theoretical techniques. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 335, 359; PHYS 334 or AMATH 373', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437A', 'PHYS', '007465', 'UG', 'Research Project', 'A research project in any area of Physics approved by the course co-ordinator(s). The student is required to present a summary of the project orally and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. Some projects, especially those with an experimental emphasis, will likely continue as 437B. In these cases, students will submit an interim written report, in addition to the oral presentation. [Offered: F,W]', 'Prereq: Honours Physics, Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Materials and Nanosciences or Life Physics students only', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('437B', 'PHYS', '007466', 'UG', 'Research Project (Continued)', 'A continuation of the project undertaken in PHYS 437A. The student is required to present a summary of the project orally or by poster and to submit a written report in a style suitable for publication. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 437A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('444', 'PHYS', '007470', 'UG', 'Introduction to Particle Physics', 'This course introduces students to the standard model of particle physics. Topics covered include symmetries, particle classification, experimental methods and tools, scattering, Feynman diagrams, gauge theories, quantum electrodynamics, quarks, quantum chromodynamics, weak interactions, and the Higgs mechanism. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PHYS 334 or AMATH 373; PHYS 363; (PHYS 364 and 365) or (AMATH 332, 351, 353)', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PHYS', '007479', 'UG', 'Cosmology', 'Robertson-Walker metric and Friedmann equations. Observational cosmology. Dark matter and dark energy. Gravitational lensing. Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background. Inflation. Structure formation. [Note: PHYS 474 is recommended. Offered: F]', 'Prereq: One of AMATH 261, 271, PHYS 263; Level at least 4A in Mathematics or Science', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'PLAN', '007489', 'UG', 'The Evolution of Planning', 'Introduction to planning in its historical and contemporary contexts. Discussion of city types and origins. Consideration of local, national, and international design and management of environment and human habitations. Introduction to selected main themes in planning and architecture. [Note: Estimated additional cost to student: $30.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('110', 'PLAN', '007493', 'UG', 'Visual Approaches to Design and Communication', 'Practical project-based skill development involving sketching, digital and film photography, and 2-dimensional computer graphics used by planners to conceive, evaluate, and communicate design ideas. [Note: Estimated material cost to student will not exceed $125+HST.]', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'PLAN', '007500', 'UG', 'Community Design Fundamentals for Planners', 'This course explores the role of design in shaping human settlements. Students will study fundamental concepts related to urban and regional form and structure as well as the principles of design. The course will examine the impacts of design and place-making on human well-being through problem-based explorations of built form vis-\u00e0-vis transit and movement, sustainability and resilience, social institutions (including heritage), physical infrastructure, social justice, and economic development. Students will demonstrate design literacy through the creation of a sketchbook and a portfolio.', 'Prereq: PLAN 110; Level at least 2A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('362', 'PLAN', '007502', 'UG', 'Regional Planning and Economic Development', 'The relationship of economic planning to regional planning. Concepts of economic development and models of regional development planning. Case studies and examples are drawn from federal regional development efforts in Canada and/or from Third World nations. Workshops focus on regional planning and development at both a conceptual and empirical level.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PLAN', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'GEOG', '007509', 'UG', 'Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)', 'Introduction to the fundamental concepts and use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Students learn about the nature of geographic information and how to store, manipulate and analyze spatial data in a range of application areas. Students will learn underlying theory in lectures and gain a working knowledge of GIS software in lab sessions.', 'Prereq: GEOG 165 or 181 or 187 or Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('103', 'PLAN', '007531', 'UG', 'Planning, Administration, and Finance', 'Important planning and financial instruments, administrative processes and planning practice are reviewed. Planning and Municipal Acts, official plans, plan amendments, zoning bylaws, site plans, easements, consents, variances, assessments, mill rates, capital works, and debentures. Municipal budgets and accounting concepts, and financing are studied.', 'Prereq: Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('300', 'PLAN', '007539', 'UG', 'Planning Theory', 'The course will examine key theoretical contributions to planning practice as well as selected theories guiding place and place-making. Issues of professional practice and ethics will also be considered.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2B Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('333', 'PLAN', '007557', 'UG', 'Neighbourhood and Community Planning', 'This course examines concepts and issues related to social planning for neighbourhood and community environments. It considers planning for particular target populations in the contexts of gentrification, suburbanization and core area revitalization. It will review models of neighbourhood change and community development and will address ways to involve community members in the planning process. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $45+HST.]', 'Prereq: PLAN 233', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PLAN', '007558', 'UG', 'Canadian Environmental Policy and Politics', 'Consideration of the intersection between key ecological themes and recent policy developments. Investigation of current issues in environmental science and politics. Development of critical skills for assessing, framing and conveying information essential to planning, managing and developing policy for environmental stewardship.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200 or BIOL 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('341', 'PLAN', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('368', 'GEOG', '007559', 'UG', 'Conservation/Resource Management of the Built Environment', 'Consideration of the constraints and guidelines that an application of the principles of ecology places on the planning and management of resources within urban spaces and the implications for urban design. The theory and history of this subject will be discussed together with urban ecomanagement, the management of waste, urban open space and parks, rehabilitated sites, and environmentally sensitive areas.', 'Prereq: ENVS 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'PLAN', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 101, 202/202A, PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('349', 'GEOG', '007561', 'UG', 'Urban Form and Internal Spatial Structure', 'An examination of the major factors giving rise to distinctive styles of urban spatial organization. Focus moves from city-wide scale to subareas/sectors - inner city, housing, retailing, etc., with emphasis on understanding and planning for the dynamics of complex environments. Applied issues or problems are dealt with throughout the course.', 'Prereq: One of GEOG 202, GEOG/ERS 203, GEOG 250 or PLAN 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PLAN', '007562', 'UG', 'Research Methods for Planners', 'This course develops the capacity of students to apply research methods to planning-related issues. Examination of a variety of alternative approaches to designing and conducting research. Students learn how to become informed consumers and producers of planning-related research.', 'Prereq: PLAN/GEOG 281, ENVS 278', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('401', 'PLAN', '007577', 'UG', 'Planners and Planning Tribunals', 'An examination of tribunals and boards that adjudicate matters related to land use planning, environmental and heritage protection, property assessment, land valuation, and other matters. Topics include tribunal/board history; appeal rights and procedures; the roles and responsibilities of planners, lawyers, and stakeholders; and critical perspectives regarding current and alternative practices. [Note: Additional cost for document preparation will not exceed $100+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('403', 'PLAN', '007579', 'UG', 'Professional Practice, Public and Private Administration', 'Professional practice responsibility and ethics, administrative methods and organization are considered in the context of the nature of organizations, politics and economics that provide opportunities and limitations. Perspectives are drawn from organizational theory, public administration, land economics, political and planning theory. Public sector decision making and policy development are discussed. This course may have a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $25+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PLAN', '007588', 'UG', 'Issues in Housing', 'An examination of social planning and policy issues associated with Canada''s housing system, considering the roles of various levels of government and the private sector in developing socially sustainable, affordable housing. The course considers the housing needs of various social and demographic groups. We use case study methods to examine redevelopment of social housing. Issues of social mix, live-work, housing need and homelessness, and ways housing can create community are considered. This course normally includes a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $60+HST.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PLAN', '007592', 'UG', 'Urban Services Planning', 'This course will explore the interconnections and cascading effects of urban infrastructure services (waste and water systems, power grids, transport networks, digital circuits) and the politics of planning for urban services in global and globalizing cities across the globe. Students will examine, in particular, the impact of climate change, and our collective responses to it, on the delivery of urban services and the role of progressive planning and policy in mediating infrastructure disruptions and disasters.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('471', 'PLAN', '007599', 'UG', 'Planning Law', 'An analysis of the legal basis for planning in Ontario and the practice of planning law as it affects planners, municipalities, local councils, property owners and residents. The roles of planning boards, municipal councils, the Ontario Land Tribunal, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, provincial Cabinet and the Niagara Escarpment Commission in the planning process will be discussed.', 'Prereq: ENVS 201', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('475', 'PLAN', '007608', 'UG', 'Special Topics in Planning', 'Course content varies according to instructor availability and demand for specific topics in planning, including field courses. [Note: Field trip fee may be required.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('483', 'PLAN', '007636', 'UG', 'Land Development Planning', 'An examination of planning issues related to the design, economics and financing of private land and building construction projects including residential high-rise condominium, low-rise residential subdivision, infill, intensification and brownfield redevelopment and industrial/commercial land development. The course focuses on developer decision-making, analysis of risk, sources of financing, planning, environmental and engineering aspects of land development. This course may include a field component. [Note: Field trip fee will not exceed $50+HST]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'PLAN', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('484', 'CIVE', '007637', 'UG', 'Physical Infrastructure Planning', 'The need for infrastructure and environmental assessments; the impacts of infrastructure on urban form; core infrastructure concepts; economics of infrastructure costs, finance and pricing. Infrastructure evaluation and management methods.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Architectural, Civil, Environmental or Geological Engineering', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PLAN', '007638', 'UG', 'Projects, Problems, and Readings in Planning', 'Special planning projects and problems chosen in consultation with instructor. [Note: Prior to registering for this course, students must arrange with a faculty member to serve as advisor and complete a contract.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PLAN', '007655', 'UG', 'Senior Honours Essay', 'Practical experience in carrying out a research proposal under the direction of a faculty member. The results of this research will be presented in the form of an essay that meets both professional and academic standards.', 'Prereq: Level at least 4A Planning students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('330', 'PMATH', '007659', 'UG', 'Introduction to Mathematical Logic', 'A broad introduction to mathematical logic. The notions of logical consequence and derivation are introduced in the settings of propositional and first order logic, with discussions of the completeness theorem and satisfiability. [Note: PMATH 432 may be substituted for PMATH 330 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: (MATH 135 or 145) and (MATH 225 or 235 or 245); Not open to Computer Science students. Antireq: CS 245, SE 212.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334', 'PMATH', '007662', 'UG', 'Introduction to Rings and Fields with Applications', 'Rings, ideals, factor rings, homomorphisms, finite and infinite fields, polynomials and roots, field extensions, algebraic numbers, and applications, for example, to Latin squares, finite geometries, geometrical constructions, error-correcting codes.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PMATH', '007663', 'UG', 'Introduction to Group Theory with Applications', 'Groups, permutation groups, subgroups, homomorphisms, symmetry groups in two and three dimensions, direct products, Polya-Burnside enumeration.', 'Prereq: MATH 235 or 245.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('340', 'PMATH', '007664', 'UG', 'Elementary Number Theory', 'An elementary approach to the theory of numbers; the Euclidean algorithm, congruence equations, multiplicative functions, solutions to Diophantine equations, continued fractions, and rational approximations to real numbers. [Note: PMATH 440 may be substituted for PMATH 340 whenever the latter is a requirement in an Honours plan.]', 'Prereq: MATH 225/126 or 135 or 145', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('343', 'PMATH', '007665', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Mathematics of Quantum Information', 'Finite dimensional normed vector spaces and inner product spaces. Positive and normal operators, the spectral theorem, and singular value decomposition. Tensor products, finite dimensional C* algebras, and the GNS representation. Completely positive maps, Stinespring''s theorem, the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism, and the Choi-Krauss representation. Entanglement and the Bell and Tsirelson inequalities. Vector states and density matrices, quantum channels, observables, and quantum measurement.', 'Prereq: (MATH 235 or 245) and (AMATH/PMATH 331 or MATH 247 or PMATH 333). Antireq: PMATH 399 taken Winter 2019', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PMATH', '007669', 'UG', 'Real Analysis', 'Normed and metric spaces, open sets, continuous mappings, sequence and function spaces, completeness, contraction mappings, compactness of metric spaces, finite-dimensional normed spaces, Arzela-Ascoli theorem, existence of solutions of differential equations, Stone-Weierstrass theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('352', 'PMATH', '007672', 'UG', 'Complex Analysis', 'Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Goursat''s theorem, Cauchy''s theorems, Morera''s theorem, Liouville''s theorem, maximum modulus principle, harmonic functions, Schwarz''s lemma, isolated singularities, Laurent series, residue theorem.', 'Prereq: MATH 247 or PMATH 333', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('450', 'PMATH', '007674', 'UG', 'Lebesgue Integration and Fourier Analysis', 'Lebesgue measure on the line, the Lebesgue integral, monotone and dominated convergence theorems, Lp-spaces: completeness and dense subspaces. Separable Hilbert space, orthonormal bases. Fourier analysis on the circle, Dirichlet kernel, Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, Fejer''s theorem, and convergence of Fourier series.', 'Prereq: PMATH 351 with a grade of at least of 60%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399', 'PMATH', '007680', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('432', 'PMATH', '007687', 'UG', 'First Order Logic and Computability', 'The concepts of formal provability and logical consequence in first order logic are introduced, and their equivalence is proved in the soundness and completeness theorems. Goedel''s incompleteness theorem is discussed, making use of the halting problem of computability theory. Relative computability and the Turing degrees are further studied.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('440', 'PMATH', '007690', 'UG', 'Analytic Number Theory', 'Summation methods, analytic theory of the Riemann zeta function, Prime Number Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic reciprocity. Dirichlet characters and infinitude of primes in arithmetic progressions, and assorted topics.', 'Prereq: PMATH 352', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('441', 'PMATH', '007691', 'UG', 'Algebraic Number Theory', 'An introduction to algebraic number theory; unique factorization, Dedekind domains, class numbers, Dirichlet''s unit theorem, solutions of Diophantine equations.', 'Prereq: PMATH 348', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('467', 'PMATH', '007704', 'UG', 'Algebraic Topology', 'Topological spaces and topological manifolds; quotient spaces; cut and paste constructions; classification of two-dimensional manifolds; fundamental group; homology groups. Additional topics may include: covering spaces; homotopy theory; selected applications to knots and combinatorial group theory.', 'Prereq: PMATH 347, 351.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499', 'PMATH', '007706', 'UG', 'Readings in Pure Mathematics', 'Reading course as announced by the Department.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'PSCI', '007724', 'UG', 'Global South', 'Why are some countries in the world poor and others rich? Why have some developing countries experienced rapid economic growth in recent years while others remain stagnant? What are some of the costs and benefits of development for societies and the environment? Students will explore multiple factors shaping economic growth, and political and social development in the Global South.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSCI', '007733', 'UG', 'Quantitative Analysis', 'How do quantitative methods contribute to political science? Students will study a range of quantitative methods, with an emphasis on practical applications. The course requires only a rudimentary understanding of mathematics.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A; Not open to Math students. Antireq: ARTS 280, BIOL 361, ECON 221, ENVS 278, ISS/SDS 250A/B, 250R, KIN 222, 232, PSYCH 292, REC 371, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 205R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'PSCI', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('225', 'CLAS', '007738', 'UG', 'Classics in Political Thought', 'Where do the core tenets of Western political philosophy come from? In this course students will trace the development of political philosophy by examining Ancient Greek plays (e.g., Antigone, Medea) and foundational political texts (e.g., Plato''s Republic, Aristotle''s Politics) which set the stage for modern Western political thought (Machiavelli and after).', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in CLAS', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('226', 'PSCI', '007740', 'UG', 'Modern Political Thought', 'Where do contemporary ideas about political obligation, equality, freedom, and justice originate? By studying some of the most influential texts in Western political theory that emerged from the 1500s to the 1800s, students will consider such concepts as social contract theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau), personal liberty (Mill), and structural-institutional critiques (Marx).', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 150, 225/CLAS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSCI', '007744', 'UG', 'Government and Business', 'How do the relations between government, business, and civil society function? Focusing on Canada in comparative context, students will study national and sub-national government policies relating to key debates in socio-economic development.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('255', 'PSCI', '007747', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Economy of Advanced Industrial Democracies', 'How is the wealth of the \"rich democracies\" made? How is some of that wealth redistributed through democratic institutions and the actors who control them? Students will undertake comparative analyses across advanced industrialized liberal democracies.', 'Prereq: PSCI 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('260', 'PSCI', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('206', 'LS', '007749', 'UG', 'Canadian Government & Politics', 'An examination of Canada''s federal system, parliamentary government, and national political processes, such as the party system, interest groups, the electoral system, and voting behavior.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 100, 101, 110', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('264', 'PSCI', '007752', 'UG', 'American Government and Politics', 'How do the key institutions of the United States'' federal government function? Students will study the crucial elements of national political processes in America. Where appropriate, the course will focus on a particular upcoming electoral event.', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('281', 'PSCI', '007756', 'UG', 'World Politics', 'What patterns the distribution of power around the globe? When, where, and why does violent conflict or war break out? When, where, and why do co-operation and peace prevail? Students will study how billions of people live together in various degrees of harmony and disharmony.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('282', 'PSCI', '007757', 'UG', 'Foreign Policy', 'What trends prevail in foreign policy across states? Using a comparative approach by focusing on particular country-specific issues and approaches, students will explore important influences on the development of foreign policies and on the differentiation of big, middle, and small powers.', 'Prereq: PSCI 150 or INTST 101', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSCI', '007764', 'UG', 'Research Design in Political Science', 'What makes political science political science? Drawing on techniques from across various fields of political research, students will study the fundamentals of research design in political science, contrasting these approaches with dominant approaches in other closely related disciplines.', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('324', 'PSCI', '007771', 'UG', 'Issues in Contemporary Political Theory', 'What is freedom? What does justice require? How does equality matter? Students will study 20th- and 21st-century thinkers'' interpretations of these, and other, key political values. Theoretical analysis will be grounded in current problems, such as poverty, racism, sexism, global inequalities, colonialism, and environmental degradation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('331', 'PSCI', '007774', 'UG', 'Public Administration', 'What is the role of the public service in Canada? Students will study the structures and functions of Canada''s political system by examining the ways in which the public service relates to other institutions, such as the political executive and the legislature.', 'Prereq: Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('433', 'PSCI', '007776', 'UG', 'Topics in Canadian Public Administration', 'Students will examine the major issues in public administration, with course topic varying to reflect recent developments in Canada. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('350', 'PSCI', '007789', 'UG', 'Political Economy of Development', 'What problems impede development in the Global South? Students will undertake the critical examination of North-South relations through the examination of topics including trade, investment, aid, industrialization, agri-business, development assistance, education, health, and food production.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 250, 252, 281. Antireq: INDEV 200', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('351', 'PSCI', '007791', 'UG', 'Power Sharing in Divided Societies', 'How does the sharing of power ease or worsen conflict within society? Students will study different forms of power sharing, including pluralism, corporatism, consociationalism, and federalism.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'PSCI', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('363', 'LS', '007797', 'UG', 'Canadian Constitutional Law', 'An introduction to the nature and basic principles of constitutional law. Explores constitutional conventions, the distribution of powers in the Canadian federalism, Aboriginal and treaty rights, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.', 'Prereq: LS 101 or LS 206/ PSCI 260', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('382', 'PSCI', '007805', 'UG', 'Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy', 'What forces shape Canadian foreign policy? Students will study both the domestic and international factors that influence Canada''s foreign policy.', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; PSCI 281 or 282', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('390', 'PSCI', '007806', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include climate change justice and transnational migration. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.50 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSCI', '007807', 'UG', 'Special Studies', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. Past examples include political economy of energy in Canada, and dynastic politics in Pakistan. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('421', 'PSCI', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 370, LS 201; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'LS', '007813', 'UG', 'Justice and Gender', 'Theories of justice are concerned with the distribution of the basic goods of society - money, power, status, leisure, and so on. This course considers how the gender system fares from the standpoint of liberal justice, and to what extent the promises of liberal justice can be used to overturn the unequal treatment of women.', 'Prereq: One of LS 201, PSCI 225/CLAS 225, PSCI 226, 291, 292, 370; Level at least 4A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('423', 'PSCI', '007815', 'UG', 'Democratic Theory and Practice', 'What are the normative foundations, as well as limits, of democracy? Students will study contemporary challenges to democratic theory, focusing on questions of pluralism, inclusion and exclusion, rights, democratic organization, protest, and communication.', 'Prereq: PSCI 225/CLAS 225 or PSCI 226; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('426', 'PSCI', '007816', 'UG', 'Selected Subjects in Political Philosophy', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include genetics and justice. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('428', 'PSCI', '007818', 'UG', 'The State and Economic Life', 'What is the relationship between the state and economic life? Students will study current debates and competing ideological traditions as these conceptualize the relationship between the state and economic life.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('431', 'PSCI', '007819', 'UG', 'Canadian Public Policy', 'Students will examine major trends in contemporary Canadian public policy, with course topic varying to reflect pressing policy issues. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 334; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('434', 'PSCI', '007822', 'UG', 'Comparative Public Administration', 'How do systems of public administration vary across developmental contexts? Students will study the rise of the administrative state across cultural and political contexts.', 'Prereq: At least 2.0 units in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('451', 'PSCI', '007827', 'UG', 'Comparative Political Systems: Eastern Europe', 'What factors influence the politics of Eastern Europe? Students will compare political institutions and processes across the state of Eastern Europe.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSCI', '007830', 'UG', 'Topics in Politics in the Global South', 'Students will undertake advanced study of topics pertaining to politics and development, with topic varying according to current political issues and challenges. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('456', 'PSCI', '007831', 'UG', 'Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution', 'What causes ethnic conflict? What strategies do states use to manage or resolve ethnic conflict? Students will undertake a comprehensive review of such strategies including both those that are morally unacceptable and those that are morally desirable.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSCI', '007834', 'UG', 'Canadian National Politics', 'Course topics vary. Past examples include the health (or ill-health) of Canadian democracy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: LS 206/PSCI 260; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('472', 'PSCI', '007837', 'UG', 'Women and Public Policy', 'How, if at all, do public policies meet women''s needs? How do women experience public policies? Reviewing developments in Canada and elsewhere, students will reflect on the significance of feminist approaches to public policy.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('481', 'PSCI', '007841', 'UG', 'Interstate War', 'What political forces shape war and conflict? Course topics will vary, depending on the instructor and current events. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: PSCI 281 or 282; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('485', 'PSCI', '007844', 'UG', 'Selected Topics in International Political Economy', 'Students will study particular issues of relevance to the latest debates in the field of international political economy. Topics may include the politics of global money and finance.', 'Prereq: PSCI 283 or 387; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('490', 'PSCI', '007847', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include international trade and cultural literacy, and the practice of politics. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('491', 'PSCI', '007848', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Topics may include the ethics of war, the 2018 U.S. election, and U.S. foreign policy. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of 10 times.]', 'Prereq: At least 0.5 unit in PSCI; Level at least 3B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('492', 'PSCI', '007849', 'UG', 'Special Subjects', 'Course topics vary. Students wishing to study a topic of a particular interest may consult with the department''s undergraduate officer about the requirements of a reading course. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of two times.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSCI', '007859', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer. [Note: A numeric grade for PSCI 499A will be submitted only after the completion of PSCI 499B.]', 'Prereq: Level at least 3B Political Science majors; Political Science average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSCI', '007860', 'UG', 'Special Honours Essay', 'Honours Political Science students wishing to undertake a senior honours essay in their fourth year should consult the department''s undergraduate officer.', 'Prereq: PSCI 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101R', 'PSYCH', '007865', 'UG', 'Introductory Psychology', 'A general survey course designed to provide the student with an understanding of the basic concepts and techniques of modern psychology as a behavioural science. [Note: PSYCH 101 offered on-campus, at St. Jerome''s University, and Online; PSYCH 101R offered at Renison University College.]', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('207', 'PSYCH', '007889', 'UG', 'Cognitive Processes', 'An examination and evaluation of selected topics dealing with human information processing such as attention, memory, pattern recognition, consciousness, language, dyslexia, decision making, and problem solving.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('211', 'PSYCH', '007894', 'UG', 'Developmental Psychology', 'A course designed to introduce the student to current research and theory concerning children''s social, cognitive, and physical development from infancy through childhood to early adolescence.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('212R', 'PSYCH', '007895', 'UG', 'Educational Psychology', 'A consideration of the main variables affecting learning in the classroom with special focus upon the conditions essential to efficient learning. [Note: PSYCH 212 offered at St. Jerome''s; PSYCH 212R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('213R', 'PSYCH', '007896', 'UG', 'Exceptional Children', 'Educational issues associated with cognitive, emotional, sensory, and physical differences and challenges.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253R', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('253', 'PSYCH', '007904', 'UG', 'Social Psychology', 'An introduction to the scientific study of social behaviour and social influences on behaviour. Theories and research on such topics as attitude change and persuasion, stereotypes and prejudice, conformity and obedience to authority, altruism, conflict, attraction, and love may be introduced. [Note: PSYCH 253 - offered on campus and Online; PSYCH 253R - offered at Renison University College]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R. Antireq: PSYCH 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354R', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('354', 'PSYCH', '007906', 'UG', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'A psychological analysis of social interaction and the dynamics of close relationships. [Note: PSYCH 354 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 354R - offered at Renison University College and Online.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R. Antireq: PSYCH 221R or SMF 306', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('231', 'PSYCH', '007913', 'UG', 'The Psychology of Religious Experience', 'Approaches of traditional psychological theories toward phenomena of religious experience, mysticism, and prayer are examined. The psychological process of creating and naming \"gods\" is considered as well as comparisons among altered states of consciousness including some forms of prayer.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('232', 'PSYCH', '007915', 'UG', 'Psychology of Evil', 'Psychological perspectives concerning definitions, causes, and consequences of institutional and personal evil, as well as symbols and interpretations of evil in both religious and secular contexts, will be considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('235', 'PSYCH', '007917', 'UG', 'Psychological Perspectives on Gender and Sex', 'The course focuses on the existence of and bases for sex and gender differences with emphasis on biological, psychological, and cultural issues.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('236', 'PSYCH', '007918', 'UG', 'A Psychological Analysis of Human Sexuality', 'This course will examine psychological and social psychological theories and empirical investigations of human sexuality.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R. Antireq: SMF 204', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('257R', 'PSYCH', '007928', 'UG', 'Psychopathology', 'This course offers an introduction to understanding, assessing, and treating mental illness from a psychological perspective. Course material will focus on various categories of abnormal behaviour, including personality, anxiety, and mood disorders; schizophrenia; and substance abuse. Clinical methods of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention will also be considered. [Note: PSYCH 257 - offered on campus and at St. Jerome''s University; PSYCH 257R - offered at Renison University College.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('261', 'PSYCH', '007931', 'UG', 'Physiological Psychology', 'Introduction to brain, basic physiological processes, and their roles in behaviour. Topics may include sensing and perceiving, neural bases of action, motivation, learning and memory, and consciousness. Both experimental and clinical data are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('291', 'PSYCH', '007934', 'UG', 'Basic Research Methods', 'This course introduces the methods used to observe, quantify, summarize, and describe behaviour in empirical psychological science. It focuses on research design and the interpretation of results.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A; Psychology majors. Coreq: MATH 103 if no 4U Math. Antireq: HLTH 333, ISS/SDS 251R, KIN 232, 330, REC 270, SWREN 251R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('292', 'PSYCH', '007935', 'UG', 'Basic Data Analysis', 'An introduction to the logic and methods of descriptive and inferential statistics with emphasis on application in Psychology. Topics covered include measures of central tendency and variability, distributions, the normal distribution, z-scores, hypothesis testing, probability, chi-square tests, t-tests, power, and correlation and regression. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291; Psychology majors; 1 of MATH 103 or 4U Math. Antireq: ARTS 280, ECON 221, ENVS 278, HLTH 204, KIN 222, 232, PSCI 214/314, REC 371, SDS 250R, SMF 230, SOC/LS 280, STAT 202, 204, 206, 211, 221, 231, 241, SWREN 250R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('306', 'PSYCH', '007938', 'UG', 'Perception', 'What we perceive through our senses makes up much of our conscious experience. This course examines how visual and auditory perception arises and includes topics such as how we become aware of colour, form, space, brightness, loudness, and pitch, and how this information guides behaviour. Other senses may be covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('307', 'PSYCH', '007939', 'UG', 'Human Neuropsychology', 'An introduction to current human experimental neuropsychology. The course will review evidence for brain-behaviour interactions obtained from studies of human brain damage and from investigations of the normal brain. Topics such as the representation of language, hemispheric specialization, memory, spatial ability, dyslexia, movement disorders, and affective disorders will be considered.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 261, KIN 356; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('308', 'PSYCH', '007940', 'UG', 'Psychology of Reading', 'An introduction to the psychology of reading with emphasis on 1) how adult readers recognize words, 2) various accounts of acquired dyslexias consequent to brain damage, 3) computational models of word recognition, and 4) the role of attention and eye movements in reading.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('312R', 'PSYCH', '007943', 'UG', 'Learning Disabilities', 'A critical examination of the concept of learning disability and of current issues in the assessment and remediation of learning problems. [Note: PSYCH 312 offered Online; PSYCH 312R offered at Renison.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 211, 212/212R, 213R; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('314', 'PSYCH', '007944', 'UG', 'Cognitive Development', 'This course introduces research in the areas of debate in cognitive development pertaining to children in infancy and early childhood and drawn from a variety of disciplines including developmental psychology, psycholinguistics, and comparative psychology. Different methodologies and mechanisms of cognitive change are also covered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 and 211; Level at least 2B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('315', 'PSYCH', '007945', 'UG', 'Psychology of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood', 'A study of the psychological processes in the second and third decades of human development. Consideration is given to such areas as identity formation and intellectual, emotional, and social growth. Current concepts, issues, and research are stressed.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('317', 'PSYCH', '007947', 'UG', 'Child Psychopathology', 'An examination of children''s psychological disorders from several major perspectives with an emphasis on current research findings. Theoretical and clinical issues are considered.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('318', 'PSYCH', '007948', 'UG', 'Psychosexual Organization', 'A detailed examination of concepts related to the formation of gender identity and psychosexual orientation. The nature-nurture debate will be explored as well as gay and lesbian identity and consciousness throughout the life cycle.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211 or 236', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('334R', 'PSYCH', '007962', 'UG', 'Theories of Individual Counselling Psychology', 'An introduction to the methods, theories, and problems in individual counselling psychology.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R; Level at least 2A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('336', 'PSYCH', '007965', 'UG', 'Introduction to Clinical Psychology', 'This course is designed to survey major aspects of clinical psychology such as historical background, assessment and intervention models, current trends, and future directions in clinical practice.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('238', 'PSYCH', '007967', 'UG', 'Organizational Psychology', 'Survey of organizational, group, and individual processes involved in work motivation, group dynamics, leadership, organizational climate, and organizational culture. [Note: Formerly PSYCH 338]', 'Prereq: Level at least 1B; Not open to Accounting and Financial Management students. Antireq: PSYCH 338, AFM 280, MSCI 211, BUS 288W/388W, SCBUS 225', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('339', 'PSYCH', '007968', 'UG', 'Personnel Psychology', 'The application of psychology to human resource issues in Canadian organizations. Topics will include defining and measuring job performance, job analysis, performance appraisal, recruitment, personnel selection, and training. Procedures which meet technical, professional, and legal standards will be examined.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 101/101R or PSYCH 238, and one of PSYCH 291 or Level at least 3A. Antireq: BUS 354W/454W, BUS 408W/498KW', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('353', 'PSYCH', '007972', 'UG', 'Social Cognition', 'This course examines how people make sense of their social world: how they perceive, represent, interpret, and remember information about themselves and about other individuals and groups. Topics include representation, recall, and use of social knowledge, controllability of thought processes, effects of feelings and desires, stereotype activation and use, and cultural influences.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R or 220R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'PSYCH', '007977', 'UG', 'Evolutionary Psychology', 'The objective of the course is to consider human and animal behaviour from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective. Topics will include habitat selection and predator avoidance, sexual selection and mating systems, social behaviour, aggression, and evolutionary perspectives in perception and cognition.', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 207, 220R, 253/253R, 261', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('391', 'PSYCH', '007998', 'UG', 'Advanced Data Analysis', 'Aimed at developing an understanding of the use and interpretation of statistics in complex research designs, this course emphasizes analysis of variance and multiple comparison techniques to interpret the results of multi-factor experiments. The importance of power in factorial designs is discussed. The course includes a computer component that ties the use of a statistical package to the topics discussed in lectures. [Offered: F, W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology; Psychology average at least 74%. Antireq: STAT 322, 332, 430', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('393', 'PSYCH', '008000', 'UG', 'Research in Developmental Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in developmental research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 395, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('394', 'PSYCH', '008001', 'UG', 'Research in Cognition and Perception', 'Current topics in the study of cognitive and perceptual processes including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 396, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('395', 'PSYCH', '008002', 'UG', 'Research in Social Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in social psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., ''hands on'' lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 397, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('396', 'PSYCH', '008003', 'UG', 'Research in Behavioural Neuroscience', 'Students learn about research in behavioural neuroscience in a hands-on, laboratory atmosphere with an emphasis on comparative and evolutionary approaches to understanding brain-behaviour relations. Projects include neuroanatomical methods and observation of behaviour using a variety of analytic methods. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 398; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('397', 'PSYCH', '008004', 'UG', 'Research in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Current research methods and procedures employed in personality and/or clinical psychology research are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered F]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 389, 393, 395, 399; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398', 'PSYCH', '008005', 'UG', 'Research in Memory', 'Current topics in the study of memory including research methods and procedures are covered. Activities may include research proposals, group and/or individual projects (e.g., \"hands on\" lab experience and data collection), research reports, critiques of published and proposed research, individual and/or group presentations. [Offered: W and/or S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207 or 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391. Antireq: PSYCH 390, 392, 394, 396; Psychology Research Intensive Specialization', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('398R', 'PSYCH', '008006', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('399R', 'PSYCH', '008007', 'UG', 'Independent Study', 'An independent in-depth study of a selected area of concern to the student within the discipline of psychology. Available to individuals or small groups of third- or fourth-year Social Development Studies majors and arranged with one of the faculty members from the program. [Note: Normally, a student may take only two of the Independent Studies courses, SDS 398R, 399R; PSYCH 398R, 399R; SOCWK 398R, 399R; SOC 398R, 399R.]', 'Prereq: Social Development Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('453', 'PSYCH', '008019', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Developmental Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in developmental psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('454', 'PSYCH', '008027', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Educational Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in educational psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 212/212R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('455', 'PSYCH', '008035', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Social Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in social psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 253/253R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('457', 'PSYCH', '008049', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Personality and Clinical Psychology', 'Topics reflect current issues in personality and clinical psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 257/257R or 323R; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('458', 'PSYCH', '008060', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognition', 'Topics reflect current issues in cognitive psychology. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 207; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('461', 'PSYCH', '008065', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Cognitive Neuroscience', 'Topics reflect the research interests of faculty members, for example, cognitive neuropsychology, visual neuroscience, and hemispheric specialization. Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 261; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('462', 'PSYCH', '008073', 'UG', 'Honours Seminar in Industrial/Organizational Psychology', 'Consult the departmental listings for the upcoming topics. Content may involve personnel (e.g., employee selection and appraisal) and/or organizational topics (groups/teams, justice, leadership, motivation, organizational culture, or organizational change). Activities may include oral presentations, class discussions, individual and/or group projects, and written assignments. [Note: This is a repeatable course, subject to different content; it may be completed a total of four times.]', 'Prereq: One of PSYCH 238/338, AFM 280, MSCI 211; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; Psychology average at least 74%. Coreq: PSYCH 391', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('464', 'PSYCH', '008094', 'UG', 'Advanced Research Apprenticeship', 'This course involves an unpaid apprenticeship of 96 hours in a faculty member''s research lab in the Department of Psychology. Apprenticeship hours will be completed before the end of the lecture period for the term of enrolment. Students will be assigned duties that will enable them to advance their understanding of the research process. Course application forms are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. [Note: Grading is on a credit/no credit basis. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483 or 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students.', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('465', 'PSYCH', '008096', 'UG', 'Applied Apprenticeship', 'For Psychology majors interested in a career in applied psychology. The course involves an unpaid apprenticeship in an industrial, medical, government, or other applied setting combined with regular seminar meetings. The apprenticeship will require a volunteer commitment of 60 hours during the lecture period. The course is offered on a credit/no credit basis. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course. Course application forms are available at the Psychology undergraduate website. [Offered: W]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 291 and 292; Level at least 3A Psychology Majors; Psychology average at least 75%. Antireq: PSYCH 467', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('466', 'PSYCH', '008097', 'UG', 'Emergent Literacy', 'Emergent literacy refers to the knowledge and skills children acquire from birth on through the preschool years that are important to the development of literacy (reading and writing). Students will learn about emergent literacy via a once-weekly seminar component and a once-weekly unpaid practicum placement at a local elementary public school where students will have the opportunity to read one-on-one with children who are at the beginning stages of reading. The practicum component will involve a commitment of up to 30 hours during the formal lecture period. Students wishing to enter the course must obtain a police check prior to the second week of classes. Transportation to the apprenticeship/volunteer setting is the student''s responsibility. Please review the course application form for information on safety for students on unpaid work placement and insurance responsibilities. Course application forms and further details are available on the Psychology undergraduate website. Paid or volunteer positions that are obtained outside the context of this course are not eligible for credit in this course.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 211, 212/212R, 291, 292; Level at least 3A Honours Psychology or Four-Year General Psychology students; Psychology average of at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('480', 'PSYCH', '008098', 'UG', 'Directed Studies - Elective', 'The student will conduct an extensive literature review and write a major essay/critique of the literature under the supervision of a faculty member selected by the student. The course application form must include a detailed course plan including the method of evaluation. [Note: Normally students will take no more than three of PSYCH 480-486. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: Psychology majors; Level at least 3A; Psychology average at least 75%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499A', 'PSYCH', '008105', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 1', 'Under supervision of a faculty member students normally will review literature, design a study, present an oral research proposal, collect data, and write a scholarly report of the project. Students may choose to begin PSYCH 499 in their 3B or 4A term. [Note: No more than two of PSYCH 499A/499B/499C may be taken in one term. A grade for PSYCH 499A and 499B will be submitted only after completion of 499C. Further details are available in the Honours Thesis Handbook. Offered: F,W,S]', 'Prereq: PSYCH 391; one of PSYCH 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 483, 484; Honours Psychology or Make-up Psychology students; cumulative Psychology average of 82%', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499B', 'PSYCH', '008106', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 2', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A.', 'Prereq: Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology . Coreq: PSYCH 499A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('499C', 'PSYCH', '008107', 'UG', 'Honours Thesis - Part 3', 'Continuation of PSYCH 499A/B.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 499A; Honours Psychology or Make-Up Psychology students with a cumulative average of 75% in Psychology. Coreq: PSYCH 499B', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('100', 'REC', '008108', 'UG', 'Introduction to the Study of Recreation and Leisure', 'An overview of the broad field of recreation and leisure emphasizing the understanding of various leisure phenomena. As such, it provides the student with an introductory understanding of the nature and scope of leisure, leisure behaviour, and affiliated recreation activity.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('101', 'REC', '008109', 'UG', 'Introduction to Recreation and Leisure Services', 'Using a wide variety of leisure service agencies as examples, this course introduces students to the nature and scope of leisure provision. Topics include program components, the classification and management of resources, professionalism, and current managerial trends and future developments.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('200', 'REC', '008110', 'UG', 'Play, Creativity and Child Development', 'A critical analysis of definitions, concepts and assumptions of classical, recent and modern theories of play with implications for programming, planning and evaluating children''s play.', 'Prereq: PSYCH 101/101R or 121R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('203', 'REC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: AHS/HEALTH 107 or SOC 101/101R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('210', 'SOC', '008112', 'UG', 'Sociology of Sport', 'This course examines sport in modern societies and the distinctive features of Canadian sport. Attention is directed to the relationship between sport and other institutions, including the economy and political system. Contemporary issues, including racial and gender inequality and controversies over violence and drugs are also considered.', 'Prereq: SOC 101/101R or 120R', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('215', 'REC', '008117', 'UG', 'Marketing Recreation, Sport, and Events', 'Exploration of marketing concepts and methods available to public, commercial and private recreation, sport and event organizations. Topics may include the marketing philosophy, market research, market segmentation, and marketing mix strategies related to programming, distributing, pricing and promoting recreation, sport, and event experiences.', 'Prereq: Recreation and Leisure Students or Event Management Minor Students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('120', 'REC', '008118', 'UG', 'Program Management and Evaluation', 'The scope of recreation program design and delivery is examined with particular emphasis on needs assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. This course emphasizes the application of the various management principles required for service delivery. A field trip fee estimated at $125 per student may be required.', 'Prereq: Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students. Antireq: REC 220', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('230', 'REC', '008119', 'UG', 'Outdoor Recreation, Tourism, and the Natural Environment', 'The course examines human-nature relationships in leisure and tourism contexts from an interdisciplinary perspective. It integrates experiential learning with theoretical and critical inquiry to understand and analyze values, attitudes, cultures, programming, impacts, management, and contemporary issues and trends.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('251', 'REC', '008122', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Developmental and Emotional Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore the etiology of disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people with developmental and emotional disabilities.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('252', 'REC', '008123', 'UG', 'Therapeutic Recreation: Physical Disabilities', 'This course is designed to explore medical, sociocultural, and experiential understandings of physical disability and the role of therapeutic recreation in the lives of people disabled by physical, natural, and social environments and structures within community.', 'Prereq: REC 100', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('280', 'REC', '008128', 'UG', 'Introduction to Tourism', 'The scope and nature of tourism as a contemporary leisure experience is examined along with economic, political and social ramifications, research strategies employed, and implications for the future.', NULL, 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('356', 'REC', '008172', 'UG', 'Leisure and Community', 'This course covers concepts, theories, models, and issues relevant to understanding relationships between leisure and community. Areas of discussion may include the roles of leisure as a context for community building and development, critical understandings of relationships between community and leisure, as well as approaches to community building through leisure. Opportunities for experiential and collaborative learning will form major components of the course and a volunteer placement may be required.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('361', 'REC', '008173', 'UG', 'Aging and Leisure', 'This course is designed to familiarize the student with the characteristics of the aging population, particularly as related to recreation, leisure, and lifestyle. It focuses both on the theoretical aspects of aging and their implications for leisure and on the practical aspects of recreation and leisure program development, delivery, and facilitation for all older adults.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('371', 'REC', '008188', 'UG', 'Quantitative Approaches to Leisure Research', 'An exploration of quantitative methodologies used in the fields of leisure. Philosophies, theoretical orientations, and ethical considerations will be emphasized as students discuss and participate in various approaches to research design, data collection, statistical analysis, and representation.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies students', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL),\n\t('408', 'REC', '008200', 'UG', 'Gender and Leisure', 'This seminar course focuses on recent theoretical and empirical research on the relationships between gender and leisure. Topics will include analysis of men''s and women''s leisure experiences, attitudes, constraints, challenges, and behaviours. Gendered aspects of leisure will be explored in a variety of social and cultural contexts, including families, informal and social settings, organized leisure, and the media.', 'Prereq: Level at least 3A', 'No Consent Required', 'No Consent Required', NULL)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;\n", + "describe": { + "columns": [], + "parameters": { + "Left": [] + }, + "nullable": [] + }, + "hash": "1369ada1b329643cba0a87ecca3b36a7c0bbaed87d526e040d99e7d64ca357fb" }, - "query": "INSERT INTO course_offerings (course_id, year, term)\nVALUES\n\t(1, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(10, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(57, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(58, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(70, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(72, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(77, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(83, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(89, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(93, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(130, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(134, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(135, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(137, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(149, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(155, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(159, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(163, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(171, 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2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1345, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1346, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1347, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1351, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1355, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1359, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1361, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1384, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1385, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1387, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1388, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1391, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1392, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1393, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1395, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1396, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1397, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1398, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1399, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1400, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1405, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1406, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1407, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1408, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1465, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1466, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1467, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1480, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1481, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1498, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1499, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1502, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1503, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1504, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1505, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1507, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1508, 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2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1614, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1615, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1618, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1623, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1624, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1626, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1627, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1628, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1631, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1632, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1635, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1637, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1638, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1639, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1640, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1641, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1642, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1643, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1644, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1645, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1646, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1647, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1655, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1657, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1659, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1660, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1661, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1662, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1663, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1664, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1667, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1669, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1671, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1672, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1673, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1674, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1675, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1677, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1678, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1686, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1687, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1689, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1690, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1692, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1693, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1709, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1710, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1712, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1713, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1714, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1732, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1734, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1735, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1736, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1739, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1740, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1741, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1742, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1747, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1750, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1751, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1752, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1754, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1757, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1758, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1759, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1762, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1763, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1764, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1771, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1772, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1776, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1779, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1785, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1786, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1790, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1791, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1799, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1816, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1817, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1818, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1823, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1824, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1831, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1833, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1834, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1835, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1836, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1839, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1842, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1843, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1858, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1859, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1860, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1864, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1868, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1869, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1871, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1872, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1874, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1875, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1877, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1878, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1879, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1891, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1908, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1928, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1930, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1937, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1943, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1945, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1947, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1958, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1961, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1970, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1971, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1976, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1979, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1982, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1983, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1984, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1985, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1988, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1989, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1990, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1994, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1996, 2023, 'Spring')\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;\n" - }, - "936e18b5cef35429c8357d9ad79a92d27124ce3e54e55ef2f5ef516203e26769": { - "describe": { - "columns": [ - { - "name": "id", - "ordinal": 0, - "type_info": "Int4" - }, - { - "name": "catalog_number", - "ordinal": 1, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "subject_code", - "ordinal": 2, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "external_id", - "ordinal": 3, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "academic_level", - "ordinal": 4, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "title", - "ordinal": 5, - "type_info": "Text" - }, - { - "name": "description", - "ordinal": 6, - "type_info": "Text" - }, - { - "name": "required_prerequisites!: _", - "ordinal": 7, - "type_info": "TextArray" - }, - { - "name": "optional_prerequisites!: _", - "ordinal": 8, - "type_info": "TextArray" - } - ], - "nullable": [ - false, - false, - false, - false, - false, - false, - false, - null, - null - ], - "parameters": { - "Left": [ - "Text" - ] - } - }, - "query": "SELECT\n c.id AS id,\n c.catalog_number AS catalog_number,\n c.subject_code AS subject_code,\n c.external_id AS external_id,\n c.academic_level AS academic_level,\n c.title AS title,\n c.description AS description,\n COALESCE(\n NULLIF(array_agg(DISTINCT rc.subject_code || rc.catalog_number::TEXT), '{null}'),\n '{}'\n ) AS \"required_prerequisites!: _\",\n COALESCE(\n NULLIF(array_agg(DISTINCT oc.subject_code || oc.catalog_number::TEXT), '{null}'),\n '{}'\n ) AS \"optional_prerequisites!: _\"\nFROM\n courses c\n LEFT JOIN course_offerings co ON c.id = co.course_id\n LEFT JOIN prerequisites p ON c.prerequisites_id = p.id\n LEFT JOIN required_prerequisites rp ON p.id = rp.prerequisite_id\n LEFT JOIN courses rc ON rp.course_id = rc.id\n LEFT JOIN optional_prerequisites op ON p.id = op.prerequisite_id\n LEFT JOIN courses oc ON op.course_id = oc.id\nWHERE\n UPPER(c.subject_code) || c.catalog_number::VARCHAR = UPPER($1)\nGROUP BY\n c.id\nLIMIT 1;\n" - }, - "9e512198394c4755065c52316a7fb8e3dc02dee54392393ab5c69bb0c23ba586": { - "describe": { - "columns": [ - { - "name": "id!", - "ordinal": 0, - "type_info": "Int4" - }, - { - "name": "catalog_number!", - "ordinal": 1, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "subject_code!", - "ordinal": 2, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "title!", - "ordinal": 3, - "type_info": "Text" - }, - { - "name": "external_id!", - "ordinal": 4, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "offerings!: _", - "ordinal": 5, - "type_info": "Jsonb" - } - ], - "nullable": [ - true, - true, - true, - true, - true, - null - ], - "parameters": { - "Left": [ - "Text" - ] - } + "82b4ddf7ce4b9f36a47094d72403c63ad65998bdb3fa3894f97b3e33a34ea34d": { + "query": "SELECT\n c.id AS \"course_id!\",\n c.catalog_number as course_catalog_number,\n c.subject_code AS course_subject_code,\n year AS \"year!\",\n term AS \"term!\",\n COALESCE(\n NULLIF(jsonb_agg(DISTINCT cs.*)::TEXT, '[null]'),\n '[]'\n )::jsonb AS \"schedules!: _\"\nFROM\n course_offerings co\n LEFT JOIN courses c ON c.id = co.course_id\n LEFT JOIN class_schedule cs ON cs.course_offering_id = co.id\nWHERE\n UPPER(c.subject_code) || c.catalog_number::VARCHAR = UPPER($1)\nGROUP BY\n c.id,\n co.id;\n", + "describe": { + "columns": [ + { + "ordinal": 0, + "name": "course_id!", + "type_info": "Int4" + }, + { + "ordinal": 1, + "name": "course_catalog_number", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 2, + "name": "course_subject_code", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 3, + "name": "year!", + "type_info": "Int2" + }, + { + "ordinal": 4, + "name": "term!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 5, + "name": "schedules!: _", + "type_info": "Jsonb" + } + ], + "parameters": { + "Left": [ + "Text" + ] + }, + "nullable": [ + false, + false, + false, + false, + false, + null + ] + }, + "hash": "82b4ddf7ce4b9f36a47094d72403c63ad65998bdb3fa3894f97b3e33a34ea34d" }, - "query": "-- Selecting course list from single Materialized View instead of\n-- more expensive query with left join across course to offerings\n-- table with sub-query to aggregate offerings into an array.\n--\n-- Materialized view must be refreshed upon every import sync job\n-- to update with latest base table data.\nSELECT\n id AS \"id!\",\n catalog_number AS \"catalog_number!\",\n subject_code AS \"subject_code!\",\n title AS \"title!\",\n external_id AS \"external_id!\",\n offerings::jsonb AS \"offerings!: _\"\nFROM\n mv_courses\nWHERE\n subject_code || catalog_number ILIKE $1\nGROUP BY\n id,\n title,\n external_id,\n subject_code,\n catalog_number,\n offerings\nORDER BY\n catalog_number\nLIMIT\n 100;\n" - }, - "ad2f4c57d530e4d73f507bf2fd2b8ac4a3ac8f1a5b7d945a1858c06e5e227582": { - "describe": { - "columns": [ - { - "name": "course_id!: _", - "ordinal": 0, - "type_info": "Int4" - }, - { - "name": "course_subject_code", - "ordinal": 1, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "course_catalog_number", - "ordinal": 2, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "year!: _", - "ordinal": 3, - "type_info": "Int2" - }, - { - "name": "term!: _", - "ordinal": 4, - "type_info": "Varchar" - }, - { - "name": "schedules!: _", - "ordinal": 5, - "type_info": "Jsonb" - } - ], - "nullable": [ - false, - false, - false, - false, - false, - null - ], - "parameters": { - "Left": [ - "Text" - ] - } + "129bedb64e7930b6cddf8699c7d2d3b9c2e79a9844f12e1aac924e7fb904f674": { + "query": "SELECT\n id AS \"id!\",\n catalog_number AS \"catalog_number!\",\n subject_code AS \"subject_code!\",\n external_id AS \"external_id!\",\n academic_level AS \"academic_level!\",\n title AS \"title!\",\n description AS \"description!\",\n required_prerequisites AS \"required_prerequisites!: _\",\n optional_prerequisites AS \"optional_prerequisites!: _\"\nFROM\n mv_courses c\nWHERE\n UPPER(c.subject_code) || c.catalog_number::VARCHAR = UPPER($1)\nGROUP BY\n c.id,\n c.catalog_number,\n c.subject_code,\n c.external_id,\n c.academic_level,\n c.title,\n c.description,\n c.required_prerequisites,\n c.optional_prerequisites\nLIMIT 1;\n", + "describe": { + "columns": [ + { + "ordinal": 0, + "name": "id!", + "type_info": "Int4" + }, + { + "ordinal": 1, + "name": "catalog_number!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 2, + "name": "subject_code!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 3, + "name": "external_id!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 4, + "name": "academic_level!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 5, + "name": "title!", + "type_info": "Text" + }, + { + "ordinal": 6, + "name": "description!", + "type_info": "Text" + }, + { + "ordinal": 7, + "name": "required_prerequisites!: _", + "type_info": "TextArray" + }, + { + "ordinal": 8, + "name": "optional_prerequisites!: _", + "type_info": "TextArray" + } + ], + "parameters": { + "Left": [ + "Text" + ] + }, + "nullable": [ + true, + true, + true, + true, + true, + true, + true, + true, + true + ] + }, + "hash": "129bedb64e7930b6cddf8699c7d2d3b9c2e79a9844f12e1aac924e7fb904f674" }, - "query": "SELECT\n c.id AS \"course_id!: _\",\n c.subject_code AS course_subject_code,\n c.catalog_number as course_catalog_number,\n year AS \"year!: _\",\n term AS \"term!: _\",\n COALESCE(\n NULLIF(json_agg(DISTINCT cs.*)::TEXT, '[null]'),\n '[]'\n )::jsonb AS \"schedules!: _\"\nFROM\n course_offerings co\n LEFT JOIN courses c ON c.id = co.course_id\n LEFT JOIN class_schedule cs ON cs.course_offering_id = co.id\nWHERE\n UPPER(c.subject_code) || c.catalog_number::VARCHAR = UPPER($1)\nGROUP BY\n c.id,\n co.id;\n" - }, - "c38c671e31c40105272cf725698f47c610c3c619ce2e14d0e0d2bd0e3a624029": { - "describe": { - "columns": [], - "nullable": [], - "parameters": { - "Left": [] - } + "9e512198394c4755065c52316a7fb8e3dc02dee54392393ab5c69bb0c23ba586": { + "query": "-- Selecting course list from single Materialized View instead of\n-- more expensive query with left join across course to offerings\n-- table with sub-query to aggregate offerings into an array.\n--\n-- Materialized view must be refreshed upon every import sync job\n-- to update with latest base table data.\nSELECT\n id AS \"id!\",\n catalog_number AS \"catalog_number!\",\n subject_code AS \"subject_code!\",\n title AS \"title!\",\n external_id AS \"external_id!\",\n offerings::jsonb AS \"offerings!: _\"\nFROM\n mv_courses\nWHERE\n subject_code || catalog_number ILIKE $1\nGROUP BY\n id,\n title,\n external_id,\n subject_code,\n catalog_number,\n offerings\nORDER BY\n catalog_number\nLIMIT\n 100;\n", + "describe": { + "columns": [ + { + "ordinal": 0, + "name": "id!", + "type_info": "Int4" + }, + { + "ordinal": 1, + "name": "catalog_number!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 2, + "name": "subject_code!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 3, + "name": "title!", + "type_info": "Text" + }, + { + "ordinal": 4, + "name": "external_id!", + "type_info": "Varchar" + }, + { + "ordinal": 5, + "name": "offerings!: _", + "type_info": "Jsonb" + } + ], + "parameters": { + "Left": [ + "Text" + ] + }, + "nullable": [ + true, + true, + true, + true, + true, + null + ] + }, + "hash": "9e512198394c4755065c52316a7fb8e3dc02dee54392393ab5c69bb0c23ba586" }, - "query": "INSERT INTO class_schedule (class_section, class_number, component, start_time, end_time, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday, sunday, instructor_name, location, course_offering_id, max_enrollment, current_enrollment)\nVALUES\n\t(3, 2269, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(5, 2730, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(105, 2731, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(4, 2296, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2267, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 56),\n\t(2, 2268, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 59),\n\t(101, 2377, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1101', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(102, 2378, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 1, 75, 58),\n\t(103, 2379, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1104', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(104, 2380, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1106', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2304, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Malik Datardina', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 47),\n\t(3, 2439, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cody Buchenauer', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 32),\n\t(13, 5437, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 2, 50, 51),\n\t(8, 2744, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Presslee', 'HH 1108', 2, 50, 58),\n\t(7, 2476, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(14, 5494, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(5, 2462, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', 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'HH 280', 2, 50, 41),\n\t(103, 5359, 'TUT', '18:30:00', '19:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(101, 5357, 'TUT', '18:00:00', '18:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(4, 4878, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Dan Rogozynski', 'EV3 4408', 2, 30, 38),\n\t(4, 4514, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 3, 1, 0),\n\t(2, 4511, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Doxey', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(3, 4512, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Moira Glerum', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(5, 4518, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 3, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 4495, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brian Dixon', 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false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 3),\n\t(101, 5268, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 20, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 3923, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 4062, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2034', 21, 5, 2),\n\t(2, 4086, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2017', 21, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 3890, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Rafael Oliveira', 'MC 4060', 22, 16, 5),\n\t(1, 3891, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 2054', 23, 12, 8),\n\t(2, 4060, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, 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false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(6, 5241, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(7, 5242, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 2148, 'PRA', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Shannon Majowicz', '', 40, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2133, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'ONLN - Online', 41, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2135, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(2, 5570, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Maciel, Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2137, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 43, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 3271, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, 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8),\n\t(1, 4904, 'RDG', '10:00:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jatin Nathwani', 'CPH 4335', 52, 40, 12),\n\t(2, 4595, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Hunter', 'OPT 350', 53, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 4515, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ben Thompson', 'ONLN - Online', 53, 5, 2),\n\t(1, 4588, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ben Thompson', 'ONLN - Online', 54, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5577, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Hunter', 'OPT 350', 54, 5, 3),\n\t(1, 2458, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 55, 10, 2),\n\t(2, 5504, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Melanie Campbell', '', 56, 3, 2),\n\t(1, 5484, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kostadinka Bizheva', '', 56, 2, 2),\n\t(1, 4963, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ruxandra Moraru', 'QNC 1507', 57, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 5366, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sam Johnson', 'PAS 2084', 58, 15, 11),\n\t(1, 5245, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Richard Eibach', 'PAS 2085', 59, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 2131, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Heather Mair', '', 60, 10, 4),\n\t(1, 2146, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Troy Glover', 'ONLN - Online', 61, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5467, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Ellis', 'ECH 2113', 62, 2, 1),\n\t(1, 2451, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Daniel O''Connor', 'PAS 2085', 63, 15, 2),\n\t(1, 4166, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 64, 30, 6),\n\t(1, 4181, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 65, 5, 1),\n\t(1, 4189, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 66, 35, 10),\n\t(1, 4192, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 67, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 3914, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(101, 4322, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(1, 5540, 'RDG', '13:00:00', '13:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrea Scott', '', 69, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5541, 'LEC', '12:00:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Zelek', 'EC4 2017', 70, 3, 3),\n\t(81, 2283, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 71, 150, 142),\n\t(81, 2699, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 72, 50, 44),\n\t(107, 2745, 'SEM', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(108, 2746, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 48),\n\t(109, 2747, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(110, 2748, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2704, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 245),\n\t(2, 2705, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 237),\n\t(102, 2706, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(103, 2707, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(104, 2708, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(105, 2709, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(106, 2710, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(101, 2711, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 46),\n\t(201, 2773, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 73, 490, 482),\n\t(1, 2738, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(101, 2739, 'TUT', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(201, 5386, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(6, 5414, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1104', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(1, 2313, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 74),\n\t(2, 2314, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(3, 2315, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(4, 2316, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(5, 2416, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(101, 2317, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 75, 450, 449),\n\t(1, 5244, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Robert G. Ducharme', 'HH 124', 76, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 2482, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 43),\n\t(101, 2483, 'TST', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 77, 420, 346),\n\t(2, 2687, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 57),\n\t(3, 2688, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 58),\n\t(4, 2689, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 60),\n\t(5, 2690, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 53),\n\t(6, 2691, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 27),\n\t(7, 2692, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1101', 77, 60, 48),\n\t(3, 5472, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Geoffrey Jackson', 'HH 1108', 78, 50, 46),\n\t(2, 2452, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2366, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 49),\n\t(101, 2367, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 78, 150, 145),\n\t(1, 2740, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 49),\n\t(101, 2741, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 79, 120, 109),\n\t(2, 4995, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 60),\n\t(1, 2365, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Ecclestone', 'HH 280', 80, 50, 37),\n\t(1, 2368, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Dylan Corey', 'HH 1102', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(101, 2369, 'TST', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(1, 3959, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Brent Matheson', 'QNC 1502', 82, 120, 61),\n\t(101, 3944, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 101', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(2, 4244, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 92),\n\t(201, 4154, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(1, 3819, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 89),\n\t(1, 3823, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3903, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(201, 4188, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3942, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3825, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3826, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 4116, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 3997, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'PHY 150', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(1, 3936, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'MC 4060', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4158, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', '', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4144, 'TST', '17:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', '', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(1, 3830, 'LEC', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'OPT 347', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(101, 3951, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2054', 88, 100, 40),\n\t(81, 4245, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'ONLN - Online', 88, 75, 53),\n\t(102, 4002, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2017', 88, 100, 27),\n\t(1, 4550, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'STC 0010', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4655, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'MC 4059', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4323, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(201, 4324, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3842, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(101, 4325, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(201, 4326, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3820, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3831, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'PHY 150', 92, 60, 58),\n\t(101, 4217, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'PHY 150', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 3833, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'MC 4041', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 5397, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maria Liston', '', 94, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 2976, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jordan Schneider', 'ARC 1101', 95, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2977, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Scott Sorli, Di Tang, Lola Sheppard, Tracey Eve Winton, Monica Mo', 'ARC 3102', 96, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 3209, 'LEC', '14:00:00', '16:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Valerio Rynnimeri', 'ARC 1001', 97, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2978, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 98, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 3276, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 99, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 5186, 'STU', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Melissa Ng, Jaliya Fonseka, Michael Bootsma, Walter Bettio', 'ARC 3103', 100, 75, 77),\n\t(101, 4470, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 29),\n\t(102, 4472, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 23),\n\t(104, 5402, 'LAB', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 18),\n\t(1, 4509, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Simon Chuong', 'STC 0050', 101, 128, 102),\n\t(103, 4663, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4606, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'RCH 204', 102, 45, 45),\n\t(105, 4615, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(103, 4605, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 40),\n\t(1, 4483, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Laura Lemieux', 'STC 1012', 102, 225, 214),\n\t(101, 4484, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(102, 4485, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 41),\n\t(1, 4502, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jacqueline MacDonald', 'STC 0060', 103, 128, 116),\n\t(101, 4503, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(102, 4504, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 31),\n\t(103, 4505, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4506, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 21),\n\t(81, 4482, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sura Ali', 'ONLN - Online', 104, 300, 242),\n\t(1, 4544, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Mungo Marsden', 'STC 0050', 105, 140, 66),\n\t(105, 4661, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(106, 4662, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(1, 4477, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Matthew Joseph Hrycyshyn', 'B1 271', 106, 192, 181),\n\t(101, 4478, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(102, 4479, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 28),\n\t(103, 4480, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(104, 4481, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(81, 5248, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Messier', 'ONLN - Online', 107, 256, 214),\n\t(1, 5161, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marcel Pinheiro', '', 108, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 4497, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 109, 50, 7),\n\t(1, 4498, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 110, 50, 9),\n\t(1, 4035, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'QNC 2501', 111, 30, 26),\n\t(1, 3837, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Peter Nelson', 'MC 4059', 112, 75, 74),\n\t(3, 4311, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Vijay Bhattiprolu', 'MC 4061', 113, 120, 96),\n\t(101, 4312, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'STC 1012', 113, 360, 316),\n\t(81, 4239, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'ONLN - Online', 113, 130, 112),\n\t(1, 3840, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kanstantsin Pashkovich', 'MC 4020', 113, 120, 113),\n\t(2, 3841, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jorn van der Pol', 'MC 4059', 113, 120, 107),\n\t(1, 3838, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'MC 4045', 114, 90, 81),\n\t(1, 3839, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'QNC 1507', 115, 48, 17),\n\t(1, 5040, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Logan Crew', 'STC 0010', 116, 150, 83),\n\t(1, 3010, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3011, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 3012, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3013, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 2871, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(101, 2872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(1, 3210, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(101, 3211, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(1, 2912, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 308', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(101, 2913, 'LAB', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 33),\n\t(201, 2914, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 309', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(102, 3057, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3123, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(101, 3124, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(81, 4632, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jake Fisher', 'ONLN - Online', 123, 160, 134),\n\t(1, 4620, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 124, 100, 40),\n\t(101, 4555, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4540, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4465, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 126, 120, 110),\n\t(1, 4525, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'PHY 145', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(101, 4526, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'AL 211', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(1, 4516, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(101, 4646, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(3, 4556, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 28),\n\t(1, 4468, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 27),\n\t(2, 4469, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 24),\n\t(1, 4466, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5174, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5175, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'AL 113', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4541, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'DC 1351', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4523, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 38),\n\t(2, 4549, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 43),\n\t(101, 4647, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4467, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4596, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(101, 4597, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(1, 4462, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Fillion', 'RCH 110', 135, 120, 86),\n\t(1, 4463, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 44),\n\t(2, 4464, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 37),\n\t(81, 4637, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Leanne Racicot', 'ONLN - Online', 137, 250, 231),\n\t(1, 4461, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 138, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 4460, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 139, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 4546, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Corrigan', '', 140, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 4381, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cindy Zhuang', 'REN 2102', 141, 24, 12),\n\t(1, 4378, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Renjie Tang', 'REN 1918', 142, 26, 14),\n\t(1, 4889, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jie Yang', 'REN 1918', 143, 24, 13),\n\t(1, 2878, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2879, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2880, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2881, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2882, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Christopher Muirhead', 'STC 0040', 146, 130, 105),\n\t(201, 2883, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 44, 36),\n\t(202, 2884, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 43, 34),\n\t(203, 3190, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 43, 35),\n\t(101, 2945, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Christopher Muirhead', 'STC 0060', 146, 130, 105),\n\t(1, 3574, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Shunde Yin', 'DWE 3516', 147, 72, 72),\n\t(101, 3575, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Shunde Yin', 'DWE 3516', 147, 72, 72),\n\t(201, 3576, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 21),\n\t(202, 3577, 'LAB', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 26),\n\t(203, 3578, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Anne Allen', 'DWE 1427', 147, 24, 25),\n\t(1, 2923, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadine Ibrahim, Giovanni Cascante', 'STC 0040', 148, 125, 101),\n\t(101, 2947, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 148, 63, 51),\n\t(102, 2948, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 148, 62, 50),\n\t(1, 3552, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kunho Eugene Kim', 'CPH 1319', 149, 50, 24),\n\t(101, 3554, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Kunho Eugene Kim', 'CPH 1319', 149, 50, 24),\n\t(1, 2886, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'STC 0040', 150, 150, 94),\n\t(101, 2887, 'TUT', '12:00:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'STC 0040', 150, 150, 94),\n\t(1, 2888, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 150, 117),\n\t(101, 2889, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 75, 64),\n\t(102, 5266, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Marianna Polak', 'STC 0040', 151, 75, 53),\n\t(1, 2998, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Gatlin Smeijers', 'DC 1350', 152, 125, 107),\n\t(1, 3338, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'STC 0040', 153, 150, 112),\n\t(101, 3339, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'STC 0050', 153, 150, 112),\n\t(1, 4913, 'FLD', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Trentin, Craig Hardiman', '', 154, 30, 8),\n\t(81, 4228, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Dave Tompkins, Barbara Daly', 'ONLN - Online', 155, 250, 188),\n\t(101, 3904, 'LAB', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 3005', 156, 60, 46),\n\t(1, 3905, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Barbara Daly', 'MC 4059', 156, 120, 101),\n\t(102, 4168, 'LAB', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 3005', 156, 60, 55),\n\t(102, 4179, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 157, 90, 88),\n\t(1, 4132, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'MC 4021', 157, 90, 87),\n\t(201, 4133, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 157, 180, 176),\n\t(101, 4151, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 157, 90, 88),\n\t(2, 5469, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'MC 4021', 157, 90, 89),\n\t(1, 3906, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cameron Morland', 'MC 4061', 158, 110, 87),\n\t(101, 3907, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Scott King', '', 158, 220, 187),\n\t(2, 4111, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cameron Morland', 'MC 4061', 158, 110, 100),\n\t(101, 4049, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0010', 159, 135, 132),\n\t(102, 4050, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 159, 65, 63),\n\t(103, 4051, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 159, 65, 64),\n\t(104, 4052, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4040', 159, 70, 67),\n\t(201, 3895, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Karen Anderson', '', 159, 405, 394),\n\t(1, 3843, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Schost', 'STC 0060', 159, 135, 132),\n\t(105, 4215, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4040', 159, 70, 68),\n\t(2, 3980, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Leili Rafiee Sevyeri', 'MC 2034', 159, 90, 87),\n\t(3, 4006, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Leili Rafiee Sevyeri', 'MC 4061', 159, 90, 85),\n\t(4, 4263, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Schost', 'MC 4061', 159, 90, 90),\n\t(4, 4267, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 2034', 160, 90, 90),\n\t(102, 3908, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 104),\n\t(201, 3909, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Gang Lu', '', 160, 360, 291),\n\t(2, 4007, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sylvie Lynne Davies', 'MC 4020', 160, 90, 51),\n\t(103, 4008, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 113),\n\t(1, 3857, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 2038', 160, 90, 74),\n\t(101, 3896, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 160, 120, 74),\n\t(3, 4134, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gregor Richards', 'MC 4045', 160, 90, 76),\n\t(3, 4114, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Petrick', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 50),\n\t(105, 4115, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 40),\n\t(104, 4073, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 40),\n\t(101, 3897, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 41),\n\t(1, 3845, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Caroline Kierstead', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 51),\n\t(2, 3846, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Petrick', 'MC 2034', 161, 90, 61),\n\t(102, 3910, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4042', 161, 60, 50),\n\t(103, 3911, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 48),\n\t(201, 3912, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 161, 360, 244),\n\t(4, 4272, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Brad Lushman', 'MC 2035', 161, 90, 82),\n\t(106, 4273, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 161, 60, 25),\n\t(101, 4327, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1085', 162, 135, 123),\n\t(102, 4328, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1085', 162, 135, 116),\n\t(1, 3847, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 76),\n\t(201, 3898, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Patrick Roh', '', 162, 270, 239),\n\t(2, 4036, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 81),\n\t(3, 4135, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zille Huma Kamal', 'PHY 145', 162, 90, 82),\n\t(1, 3848, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ahmed Ibrahim', 'MC 4021', 163, 120, 118),\n\t(2, 4009, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ahmed Ibrahim', 'MC 4021', 163, 120, 109),\n\t(1, 3849, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Aida Sheshbolouki', 'MC 2054', 164, 100, 96),\n\t(2, 4146, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Aida Sheshbolouki', 'MC 2017', 164, 100, 96),\n\t(101, 5221, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 165, 120, 116),\n\t(102, 5222, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 165, 120, 115),\n\t(1, 3850, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 2035', 165, 80, 79),\n\t(3, 5400, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 1056', 165, 80, 74),\n\t(2, 4010, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Armin Jamshidpey', 'MC 2038', 165, 80, 78),\n\t(201, 4345, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sylvie Lynne Davies', '', 165, 240, 231),\n\t(1, 3858, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Collin Roberts', 'MC 4042', 166, 60, 25),\n\t(1, 3851, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Orchard', 'MC 4061', 167, 105, 102),\n\t(2, 4057, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Orchard', 'MC 4061', 167, 105, 103),\n\t(101, 5558, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 167, 210, 205),\n\t(1, 4038, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Erik Hintz', 'AL 113', 168, 190, 117),\n\t(101, 4039, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Erik Hintz', 'DC 1350', 168, 190, 117),\n\t(1, 5443, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Daniel Berry', 'MC 1056', 169, 25, 1),\n\t(2, 5444, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Daniel Berry', 'MC 2017', 169, 25, 3),\n\t(101, 5445, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 1056', 169, 25, 1),\n\t(102, 5446, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2034', 169, 25, 3),\n\t(201, 5447, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 169, 25, 1),\n\t(202, 5448, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, 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false, 'Jian Zhao', '', 178, 1, 1),\n\t(3, 5580, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sebastian Fischmeister', '', 178, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2277, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Stacey', 'ML 117', 179, 30, 24),\n\t(2, 2278, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'heather Hill', 'DWE 3517', 179, 30, 27),\n\t(3, 5084, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matt White', 'RCH 109', 179, 30, 29),\n\t(1, 2279, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kathleen O''Hara', 'ML 242', 180, 28, 26),\n\t(2, 2603, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Campbell', 'RCH 106', 180, 28, 28),\n\t(1, 5087, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Reddock', 'ML 117', 181, 26, 13),\n\t(2, 5088, 'LEC', '14:30:00', 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false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 186, 120, 95),\n\t(201, 3526, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 36),\n\t(202, 3527, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 29),\n\t(203, 3528, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 30),\n\t(2, 3529, 'LEC', '15:00:00', '16:20:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Weihua Zhuang', 'E7 5353', 186, 120, 91),\n\t(102, 3530, 'TUT', '15:00:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 186, 120, 91),\n\t(204, 3531, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 186, 40, 30),\n\t(205, 3532, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Hamidreza Nafissi', 'E2 3341', 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false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 32),\n\t(204, 3165, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 31),\n\t(205, 3166, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 30),\n\t(206, 3167, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', 'E2 3341', 187, 40, 32),\n\t(1, 3363, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Liang-Liang Xie', 'E7 4433', 188, 20, 17),\n\t(101, 3364, 'TUT', '19:00:00', '19:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4433', 188, 20, 17),\n\t(1, 3149, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Nachiket Kapre', 'E7 5353', 189, 160, 157),\n\t(101, 3150, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 5353', 189, 160, 157),\n\t(202, 3152, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 31),\n\t(203, 3153, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 34),\n\t(204, 3154, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 31),\n\t(205, 3155, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 30),\n\t(206, 3156, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E2 2356A', 189, 40, 31),\n\t(1, 2921, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Wojciech Golab', 'E7 4043', 190, 148, 122),\n\t(101, 2922, 'TUT', '19:00:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4053', 190, 148, 122),\n\t(1, 3111, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, true, false, false, false, 'Murray Dunne', 'E7 4043', 191, 148, 65),\n\t(101, 3112, 'TUT', '20:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4043', 191, 148, 65),\n\t(201, 3626, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maran Ran Ma', '', 191, 148, 65),\n\t(201, 2958, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Gannayya Bommali', 'CPH 1333', 192, 8, 6),\n\t(202, 3041, 'LAB', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Gannayya Bommali', 'CPH 1333', 192, 9, 6),\n\t(1, 2917, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mehrdad Kazerani', 'E7 4433', 192, 17, 12),\n\t(101, 2918, 'TUT', '20:00:00', '20:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4433', 192, 17, 12),\n\t(201, 3592, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Carmen Caradima', '', 193, 57, 22),\n\t(1, 3113, 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198, 22, 17),\n\t(102, 4536, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jen Parks, Sophie Gagnon', 'EIT 1009', 198, 22, 14),\n\t(1, 4640, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Changcheng Li', 'MC 2034', 199, 80, 75),\n\t(1, 4459, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Randy Stotler', 'STC 0050', 200, 150, 113),\n\t(81, 4394, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kevin Cai', 'ONLN - Online', 201, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2274, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Wokia Kumase', 'AL 208', 202, 100, 51),\n\t(81, 2529, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nafeez Fatima', 'ONLN - Online', 202, 120, 108),\n\t(2, 5193, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nafeez Fatima', 'DC 1350', 202, 250, 85),\n\t(82, 2244, 'LEC', 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'14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 306', 330, 50, 33),\n\t(101, 4072, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 306', 331, 50, 30),\n\t(1, 4067, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'RCH 306', 331, 50, 30),\n\t(107, 4042, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4042', 332, 65, 62),\n\t(108, 4143, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4058', 332, 65, 58),\n\t(1, 3859, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'RCH 309', 332, 80, 63),\n\t(2, 3860, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 305', 332, 80, 62),\n\t(3, 3861, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'RCH 103', 332, 120, 98),\n\t(101, 3862, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 1502', 332, 40, 33),\n\t(102, 3863, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(103, 3864, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 204', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(104, 3865, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 32),\n\t(105, 3866, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4042', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(4, 3937, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'STC 0060', 332, 130, 120),\n\t(106, 3938, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'DWE 3518', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(110, 4203, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3522A', 332, 47, 42),\n\t(5, 4194, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'CPH 3604', 332, 95, 88),\n\t(109, 4195, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3516', 332, 48, 46),\n\t(2, 3939, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 126),\n\t(103, 3940, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(104, 3941, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 42),\n\t(105, 4018, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(106, 4019, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 44),\n\t(1, 3867, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 119),\n\t(101, 3868, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 39),\n\t(102, 3869, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(81, 4229, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Burcu Tuncer Karabina', 'ONLN - Online', 334, 120, 88),\n\t(1, 3870, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Paul-Herman Balduf', 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 3884, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 5419, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(81, 4230, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'ONLN - Online', 336, 120, 108),\n\t(1, 5418, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(201, 5171, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 4231, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 337, 150, 136),\n\t(1, 3871, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'STC 0010', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(101, 3872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 3873, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 338, 120, 77),\n\t(2, 4000, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(102, 4001, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2017', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(201, 3956, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 339, 300, 131),\n\t(81, 4237, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 339, 120, 117),\n\t(1, 3874, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Esha Saha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(101, 3875, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(103, 4083, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2054', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(3, 4082, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'RCH 307', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(81, 4241, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Alison Cheeseman', 'ONLN - Online', 340, 120, 45),\n\t(81, 4242, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Kabbes', 'ONLN - Online', 341, 120, 109),\n\t(3, 4261, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matthew Kennedy', 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 34),\n\t(103, 4262, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 34),\n\t(2, 4012, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Brady Ali Medina', 'MC 2054', 341, 100, 17),\n\t(102, 4013, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2017', 341, 100, 17),\n\t(1, 3876, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matthew Kennedy', 'MC 2017', 341, 100, 37),\n\t(101, 3877, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 341, 100, 37),\n\t(201, 3899, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 341, 300, 88),\n\t(1, 3178, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Sean Speziale', 'E7 4437', 342, 60, 23),\n\t(101, 3179, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E7 4437', 342, 60, 23),\n\t(101, 3913, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E6 2024', 343, 96, 58),\n\t(1, 3878, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'E6 2024', 343, 96, 58),\n\t(81, 4240, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Bauch', 'ONLN - Online', 344, 120, 41),\n\t(81, 4234, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer McKinnon', 'ONLN - Online', 345, 160, 141),\n\t(2, 3955, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Christine Eagles', 'MC 4061', 345, 120, 74),\n\t(3, 4341, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Nat Kendal-Freedman', 'QNC 1502', 345, 120, 72),\n\t(1, 3879, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ian Payne', 'MC 4020', 345, 120, 119),\n\t(101, 3885, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(201, 4101, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(81, 4128, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer McKinnon', 'ONLN - Online', 346, 160, 135),\n\t(101, 3886, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(201, 3900, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(2, 3902, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 79),\n\t(1, 3880, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 100),\n\t(3, 4342, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 70),\n\t(4, 4016, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Douglas Stebila', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(104, 4017, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(3, 3995, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Olya Mandelshtam', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(103, 3996, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(1, 3881, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Logan Crew', 'MC 1085', 347, 135, 126),\n\t(2, 3882, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ashwin Nayak', 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 125),\n\t(201, 3901, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 347, 540, 503),\n\t(101, 3887, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 126),\n\t(102, 3888, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 125),\n\t(1, 4033, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ruxandra Moraru', 'MC 4063', 348, 50, 53),\n\t(1, 4044, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Aissa Wade', 'RCH 205', 349, 40, 38),\n\t(101, 4124, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 349, 40, 38),\n\t(1, 3844, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sandra Emms', 'MC 4064', 350, 25, 8),\n\t(1, 2815, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'John Brownell', 'CGR 1208', 351, 100, 32),\n\t(1, 2819, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 352, 500, 29),\n\t(1, 2820, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 353, 500, 18),\n\t(1, 2816, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Simon Wood', 'UTD 105', 354, 230, 217),\n\t(1, 2821, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 355, 500, 16),\n\t(1, 2822, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 356, 500, 5),\n\t(1, 2832, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 357, 35, 13),\n\t(1, 2825, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 358, 35, 2),\n\t(1, 2817, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 359, 40, 20),\n\t(1, 2847, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 360, 40, 4),\n\t(1, 2823, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 361, 500, 3),\n\t(1, 2824, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 362, 500, 6),\n\t(1, 2826, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 363, 35, 1),\n\t(1, 2827, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 364, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2830, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 365, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 2818, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 366, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 2828, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 367, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2831, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 368, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2833, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 369, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 4471, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sandip Randhawa, Olivia Ricci', 'ONLN - Online', 370, 36, 32),\n\t(101, 4589, 'TUT', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sandip Randhawa, Olivia Ricci', 'ONLN - Online', 370, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4500, 'CLN', '08:30:00', '17:20:00', true, true, true, true, true, true, false, 'Lisa Christian', 'OPT 149', 371, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4486, 'CLN', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Christian', '', 372, 36, 31),\n\t(1, 4487, 'CLN', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Christian', '', 373, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4488, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadine Furtado', 'ONLN - Online', 374, 96, 95),\n\t(81, 2843, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Malloy', 'ONLN - Online', 375, 120, 88),\n\t(81, 2844, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kelly Brown', 'ONLN - Online', 376, 60, 54),\n\t(81, 2544, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kelly Brown', 'ONLN - Online', 377, 90, 80),\n\t(1, 5374, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Naren Kumarakulasingam', 'CGR 1302', 378, 30, 10),\n\t(1, 2836, 'FLD', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ndagire Brendah', '', 379, 5, 2),\n\t(1, 2814, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 380, 3, 0),\n\t(1, 2829, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 381, 3, 0),\n\t(1, 2595, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Bruno Tremblay', 'SJ2 2002', 382, 40, 6),\n\t(1, 2237, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Woodcox', 'SJ2 2002', 383, 100, 28),\n\t(81, 2522, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Eric Devall, Sandie Devries', 'ONLN - Online', 383, 90, 86),\n\t(81, 2545, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zorn Rose', 'ONLN - Online', 384, 25, 22),\n\t(81, 2575, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zorn Rose', 'ONLN - Online', 385, 25, 23),\n\t(81, 2571, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadia Miller', 'ONLN - Online', 386, 45, 43),\n\t(1, 2523, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Craig Fortier', '', 387, 20, 13),\n\t(1, 2562, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Craig Fortier', '', 388, 20, 12),\n\t(81, 2238, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Soboljevski, Alex Gruenewald', 'ONLN - Online', 389, 90, 86),\n\t(81, 2302, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Soboljevski, Alex Gruenewald', 'ONLN - Online', 390, 10, 10),\n\t(1, 2295, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jamie Sewell', 'AL 124', 391, 80, 22),\n\t(1, 5172, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nick Ray', 'AL 105', 392, 80, 40),\n\t(81, 2524, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, 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'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mariam Mufti', '', 425, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2810, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Alana Cattapan', '', 425, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2247, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Rebecca Pister', 'AL 116', 426, 285, 102),\n\t(81, 2517, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cam Smith', 'ONLN - Online', 426, 240, 234),\n\t(81, 2620, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kaiden M Stewart', 'ONLN - Online', 427, 320, 296),\n\t(81, 2527, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sherman Kwok', 'ONLN - Online', 428, 120, 117),\n\t(1, 2431, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Siobhan Sutherland', '', 429, 285, 114),\n\t(81, 2345, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, 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Moscovitch', '', 437, 20, 4),\n\t(1, 2257, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jonathan Oakman', '', 438, 10, 1),\n\t(101, 2280, 'DIS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 439, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2249, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 439, 30, 14),\n\t(101, 2281, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2254, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2255, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 441, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2225, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alyssa Vanwyck', 'OPT 1129', 442, 120, 25),\n\t(1, 2224, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 443, 60, 28),\n\t(1, 2781, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 444, 60, 10),\n\t(81, 2190, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zara Rafferty', 'ONLN - Online', 445, 60, 35),\n\t(81, 2185, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Juliet Yeboah', 'ONLN - Online', 446, 350, 158)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;" - }, - "fb3682b5101ae57448b6197f1e6d197c494a65300631fbf5bb13f9c7d6f00eee": { - "describe": { - "columns": [], - "nullable": [], - "parameters": { - "Left": [] - } + "93600fc6eb7c2fc7d0a63da71ecc769f1e4246eaaebcf2870637b5fe354ce101": { + "query": "INSERT INTO course_offerings (course_id, year, term)\nVALUES\n\t(1, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(10, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(57, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(58, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(70, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(72, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(77, 2023, 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'Spring'),\n\t(1754, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1757, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1758, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1759, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1762, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1763, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1764, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1771, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1772, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1776, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1779, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1785, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1786, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1790, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1791, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1799, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1816, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1817, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1818, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1823, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1824, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1831, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1833, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1834, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1835, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1836, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1839, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1842, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1843, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1858, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1859, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1860, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1864, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1868, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1869, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1871, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1872, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1874, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1875, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1877, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1878, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1879, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1891, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1908, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1928, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1930, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1937, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1943, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1945, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1947, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1958, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1961, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1970, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1971, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1976, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1979, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1982, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1983, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1984, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1985, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1988, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1989, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1990, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1994, 2023, 'Spring'),\n\t(1996, 2023, 'Spring')\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;\n", + "describe": { + "columns": [], + "parameters": { + "Left": [] + }, + "nullable": [] + }, + "hash": "93600fc6eb7c2fc7d0a63da71ecc769f1e4246eaaebcf2870637b5fe354ce101" }, - "query": "REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_courses;\n" - } + "3ff8fb1a731df16da3ab835e5e560a17280e0eb30b819109f26745375f696c43": { + "query": "INSERT INTO class_schedule (class_section, class_number, component, start_time, end_time, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday, sunday, instructor_name, location, course_offering_id, max_enrollment, current_enrollment)\nVALUES\n\t(3, 2269, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(5, 2730, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(105, 2731, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 44),\n\t(4, 2296, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2267, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 56),\n\t(2, 2268, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Greg Berberich', 'HH 1108', 1, 75, 59),\n\t(101, 2377, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1101', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(102, 2378, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 1, 75, 58),\n\t(103, 2379, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1104', 1, 75, 57),\n\t(104, 2380, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1106', 1, 75, 50),\n\t(1, 2304, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Malik Datardina', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 47),\n\t(3, 2439, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cody Buchenauer', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 32),\n\t(13, 5437, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 1102', 2, 50, 51),\n\t(8, 2744, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Presslee', 'HH 1108', 2, 50, 58),\n\t(7, 2476, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(14, 5494, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Giselle Obendorf', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(5, 2462, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Lin', 'HH 2107', 2, 50, 31),\n\t(2, 2410, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(6, 2475, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '18:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Julia Lipiec Klann, Dimitri Sarabalos', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 17),\n\t(9, 5353, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 41),\n\t(10, 5354, 'LEC', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 2104', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(11, 5355, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Dan Rogozynski', 'EV3 4408', 2, 30, 35),\n\t(12, 5356, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Lin', 'HH 2107', 2, 50, 26),\n\t(102, 5358, 'TUT', '21:00:00', '21:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 41),\n\t(103, 5359, 'TUT', '18:30:00', '19:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 48),\n\t(101, 5357, 'TUT', '18:00:00', '18:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Edbert Oey', 'HH 280', 2, 50, 49),\n\t(4, 4878, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Dan Rogozynski', 'EV3 4408', 2, 30, 38),\n\t(4, 4514, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 3, 1, 0),\n\t(2, 4511, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Doxey', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(3, 4512, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Moira Glerum', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(5, 4518, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 3, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 4495, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brian Dixon', '', 3, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4494, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Moira Glerum', '', 4, 1, 1),\n\t(3, 4513, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Paul Craig', '', 4, 1, 1),\n\t(4, 4519, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 4, 1, 0),\n\t(5, 4524, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 4, 1, 0),\n\t(2, 4510, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Heidi Swanson', '', 4, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5527, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Walaa Moursi', '', 5, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4250, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jonathan Leake', 'RCH 208', 6, 15, 3),\n\t(1, 5044, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kanstantsin Pashkovich', 'MC 6029', 7, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3337, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Milad Kamkar', 'E6 4022', 8, 40, 15),\n\t(1, 5512, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ali Elkamel', '', 9, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 5521, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tizazu Mekonnen', '', 10, 3, 1),\n\t(1, 4543, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 11, 25, 3),\n\t(1, 3587, 'LEC', '09:00:00', '11:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Lei Xu', 'E2 3356', 12, 30, 12),\n\t(1, 5250, 'LEC', '15:00:00', '17:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'E2 3356', 13, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 3046, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liping Fu', 'E2 3356', 14, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 5478, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Mather', 'DWE 2402', 15, 10, 6),\n\t(1, 5249, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Tarek Hegazi', 'E2 3356', 16, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 5498, 'LEC', '09:00:00', '11:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Pejoohan Tavassoti-Kheiry, Hassan Baaj', 'E2 3356', 17, 15, 6),\n\t(2, 5529, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Amy Li', '', 18, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5510, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Bruce MacVicar', '', 18, 3, 3),\n\t(2, 4202, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2034', 19, 4, 0),\n\t(1, 3889, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2035', 19, 3, 0),\n\t(3, 5451, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mei Nagappan', 'MC 2035', 19, 3, 0),\n\t(2, 4075, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 3),\n\t(101, 5268, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 20, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 3923, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mohammad Salahuddin', 'MC 2038', 20, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 4062, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2034', 21, 5, 2),\n\t(2, 4086, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adithya Vadapalli, Diogo Barradas', 'MC 2017', 21, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 3890, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Rafael Oliveira', 'MC 4060', 22, 16, 5),\n\t(1, 3891, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 2054', 23, 12, 8),\n\t(2, 4060, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 4045', 23, 12, 5),\n\t(101, 4319, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 23, 36, 19),\n\t(3, 5399, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian, Pascal Poupart', 'MC 2035', 23, 12, 6),\n\t(1, 3934, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Toshiya Hachisuka', 'MC 4063', 24, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 5347, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Oleg Michailovich', 'E7 4053', 25, 140, 40),\n\t(1, 3544, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Liang-Liang Xie', 'E7 4433', 26, 20, 4),\n\t(1, 3045, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Siva Sivoththaman', 'EIT 3151', 27, 40, 28),\n\t(1, 3072, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mehrdad Kazerani', 'E7 4433', 28, 40, 24),\n\t(1, 3392, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Bo Cui', 'QNC 2502', 29, 12, 7),\n\t(2, 5499, 'LAB', '13:00:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Wilson', 'RAC 3003', 29, 5, 1),\n\t(1, 3547, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Omar Ramahi', 'E7 4433', 30, 10, 7),\n\t(1, 4499, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '16:20:00', true, true, true, true, true, false, false, 'Colby Steelman', 'EIT 1015', 31, 40, 23),\n\t(1, 5519, 'RDG', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Shaun Frape', 'EIT 2044', 32, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 4884, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Horatiu Rus', '', 33, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2270, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 34, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 5025, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nicole Nolette', 'QNC 2501', 35, 6, 5),\n\t(1, 5475, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tara Collington', '', 36, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 3646, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michelle Rutty', '', 37, 2, 2),\n\t(10, 5578, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 1),\n\t(9, 5235, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 5227, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5228, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(3, 5229, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(4, 5230, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(5, 5231, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(6, 5232, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(7, 5233, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(8, 5234, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 38, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 5236, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5237, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(3, 5238, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(4, 5239, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(5, 5240, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(6, 5241, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(7, 5242, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 39, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 2148, 'PRA', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Shannon Majowicz', '', 40, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2133, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'ONLN - Online', 41, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2135, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(2, 5570, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Maciel, Richard Staines', '', 42, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2137, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 43, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 3271, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Charles Kwan', 'DWE 3518', 44, 50, 20),\n\t(1, 4921, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kaan Inal', 'E5 3052', 45, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3390, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Norman Zhou', 'E5 3052', 46, 15, 12),\n\t(1, 3176, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Mather', 'DWE 2402', 47, 15, 8),\n\t(82, 3274, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Torvi', '', 48, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 3273, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Amir Khajepour', 'RCH 209', 49, 20, 13),\n\t(81, 3395, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Minna Allarakhia', 'ONLN - Online', 50, 50, 17),\n\t(1, 3499, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Safa Erenay', 'CPH 4335', 51, 50, 8),\n\t(1, 4904, 'RDG', '10:00:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jatin Nathwani', 'CPH 4335', 52, 40, 12),\n\t(2, 4595, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Hunter', 'OPT 350', 53, 5, 4),\n\t(1, 4515, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ben Thompson', 'ONLN - Online', 53, 5, 2),\n\t(1, 4588, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ben Thompson', 'ONLN - Online', 54, 5, 0),\n\t(2, 5577, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer Hunter', 'OPT 350', 54, 5, 3),\n\t(1, 2458, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 55, 10, 2),\n\t(2, 5504, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Melanie Campbell', '', 56, 3, 2),\n\t(1, 5484, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kostadinka Bizheva', '', 56, 2, 2),\n\t(1, 4963, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ruxandra Moraru', 'QNC 1507', 57, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 5366, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sam Johnson', 'PAS 2084', 58, 15, 11),\n\t(1, 5245, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Richard Eibach', 'PAS 2085', 59, 15, 4),\n\t(1, 2131, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Heather Mair', '', 60, 10, 4),\n\t(1, 2146, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Troy Glover', 'ONLN - Online', 61, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5467, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Ellis', 'ECH 2113', 62, 2, 1),\n\t(1, 2451, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Daniel O''Connor', 'PAS 2085', 63, 15, 2),\n\t(1, 4166, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 64, 30, 6),\n\t(1, 4181, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Browne', 'RCH 301', 65, 5, 1),\n\t(1, 4189, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 66, 35, 10),\n\t(1, 4192, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alex Stringer', 'B1 271', 67, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 3914, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(101, 4322, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nathaniel Stevens', 'M3 3103', 68, 30, 15),\n\t(1, 5540, 'RDG', '13:00:00', '13:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrea Scott', '', 69, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 5541, 'LEC', '12:00:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Zelek', 'EC4 2017', 70, 3, 3),\n\t(81, 2283, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 71, 150, 142),\n\t(81, 2699, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lucas Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 72, 50, 44),\n\t(107, 2745, 'SEM', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(108, 2746, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 48),\n\t(109, 2747, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(110, 2748, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2704, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 245),\n\t(2, 2705, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu, Donna Psutka', 'STC 1012', 73, 245, 237),\n\t(102, 2706, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 49),\n\t(103, 2707, 'SEM', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(104, 2708, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(105, 2709, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 50),\n\t(106, 2710, 'SEM', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Donna Psutka', 'EV1 350', 73, 45, 45),\n\t(101, 2711, 'SEM', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Haihao Lu', 'RCH 207', 73, 50, 46),\n\t(201, 2773, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 73, 490, 482),\n\t(1, 2738, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(101, 2739, 'TUT', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zhe Peng', 'EV3 1408', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(201, 5386, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 74, 60, 60),\n\t(6, 5414, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1104', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(1, 2313, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 74),\n\t(2, 2314, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(3, 2315, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(4, 2316, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tu Nguyen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(5, 2416, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Loewen', 'HH 1102', 75, 75, 75),\n\t(101, 2317, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 75, 450, 449),\n\t(1, 5244, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Robert G. Ducharme', 'HH 124', 76, 10, 8),\n\t(1, 2482, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 43),\n\t(101, 2483, 'TST', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 77, 420, 346),\n\t(2, 2687, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alexis Marie Lowater', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 57),\n\t(3, 2688, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 58),\n\t(4, 2689, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 60),\n\t(5, 2690, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 53),\n\t(6, 2691, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Muhammad Azim', 'HH 1106', 77, 60, 27),\n\t(7, 2692, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sasan Saiy', 'HH 1101', 77, 60, 48),\n\t(3, 5472, 'LEC', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Benjamin Geoffrey Jackson', 'HH 1108', 78, 50, 46),\n\t(2, 2452, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 50),\n\t(1, 2366, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mark Arnason', 'HH 1104', 78, 50, 49),\n\t(101, 2367, 'TST', '18:00:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 78, 150, 145),\n\t(1, 2740, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 49),\n\t(101, 2741, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 79, 120, 109),\n\t(2, 4995, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Amit M. Mehta', 'EV3 3412', 79, 60, 60),\n\t(1, 2365, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Andrew Ecclestone', 'HH 280', 80, 50, 37),\n\t(1, 2368, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Dylan Corey', 'HH 1102', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(101, 2369, 'TST', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 81, 70, 58),\n\t(1, 3959, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Brent Matheson', 'QNC 1502', 82, 120, 61),\n\t(101, 3944, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 101', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(2, 4244, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 92),\n\t(201, 4154, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 83, 300, 181),\n\t(1, 3819, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Keith Freeland', 'STC 0010', 83, 150, 89),\n\t(1, 3823, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3903, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(201, 4188, 'TST', '18:30:00', '20:00:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 84, 96, 47),\n\t(101, 3942, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'RCH 211', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3825, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Emily Kozlowski', 'MC 2054', 85, 96, 28),\n\t(1, 3826, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 4116, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mirabelle Huynh', 'MC 2038', 86, 96, 31),\n\t(101, 3997, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'PHY 150', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(1, 3936, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', 'MC 4060', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4158, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zoran Miskovic', '', 87, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 4144, 'TST', '17:00:00', '19:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', '', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(1, 3830, 'LEC', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'OPT 347', 88, 200, 67),\n\t(101, 3951, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2054', 88, 100, 40),\n\t(81, 4245, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'ONLN - Online', 88, 75, 53),\n\t(102, 4002, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Matheus Azevedo', 'MC 2017', 88, 100, 27),\n\t(1, 4550, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'STC 0010', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4655, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'MC 4059', 89, 120, 97),\n\t(101, 4323, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(201, 4324, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3842, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 90, 35, 32),\n\t(101, 4325, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4042', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(201, 4326, 'TST', '18:30:00', '19:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', '', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3820, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Harmsworth', 'MC 4058', 91, 30, 21),\n\t(1, 3831, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'shahla Aliakbari', 'PHY 150', 92, 60, 58),\n\t(101, 4217, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'PHY 150', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 3833, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Siv Sivaloganathan', 'MC 4041', 93, 50, 25),\n\t(1, 5397, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maria Liston', '', 94, 5, 5),\n\t(1, 2976, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jordan Schneider', 'ARC 1101', 95, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2977, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Scott Sorli, Di Tang, Lola Sheppard, Tracey Eve Winton, Monica Mo', 'ARC 3102', 96, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 3209, 'LEC', '14:00:00', '16:50:00', false, true, true, false, false, false, false, 'Valerio Rynnimeri', 'ARC 1001', 97, 65, 64),\n\t(1, 2978, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 98, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 3276, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 99, 2, 0),\n\t(1, 5186, 'STU', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Melissa Ng, Jaliya Fonseka, Michael Bootsma, Walter Bettio', 'ARC 3103', 100, 75, 77),\n\t(101, 4470, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 29),\n\t(102, 4472, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 23),\n\t(104, 5402, 'LAB', '09:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 18),\n\t(1, 4509, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Simon Chuong', 'STC 0050', 101, 128, 102),\n\t(103, 4663, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'B2 151', 101, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4606, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'RCH 204', 102, 45, 45),\n\t(105, 4615, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(103, 4605, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 40),\n\t(1, 4483, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Laura Lemieux', 'STC 1012', 102, 225, 214),\n\t(101, 4484, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 44),\n\t(102, 4485, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jola Gurska', 'DWE 3518', 102, 45, 41),\n\t(1, 4502, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jacqueline MacDonald', 'STC 0060', 103, 128, 116),\n\t(101, 4503, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(102, 4504, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 31),\n\t(103, 4505, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 32),\n\t(104, 4506, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'STC 3039', 103, 32, 21),\n\t(81, 4482, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sura Ali', 'ONLN - Online', 104, 300, 242),\n\t(1, 4544, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Mungo Marsden', 'STC 0050', 105, 140, 66),\n\t(105, 4661, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(106, 4662, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(1, 4477, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Matthew Joseph Hrycyshyn', 'B1 271', 106, 192, 181),\n\t(101, 4478, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(102, 4479, 'LAB', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 28),\n\t(103, 4480, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 31),\n\t(104, 4481, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Duxbury', 'B2 351', 106, 32, 30),\n\t(81, 5248, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Messier', 'ONLN - Online', 107, 256, 214),\n\t(1, 5161, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marcel Pinheiro', '', 108, 5, 0),\n\t(1, 4497, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 109, 50, 7),\n\t(1, 4498, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Liam McGuire', '', 110, 50, 9),\n\t(1, 4035, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'QNC 2501', 111, 30, 26),\n\t(1, 3837, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Peter Nelson', 'MC 4059', 112, 75, 74),\n\t(3, 4311, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Vijay Bhattiprolu', 'MC 4061', 113, 120, 96),\n\t(101, 4312, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'STC 1012', 113, 360, 316),\n\t(81, 4239, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Martin Pei', 'ONLN - Online', 113, 130, 112),\n\t(1, 3840, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kanstantsin Pashkovich', 'MC 4020', 113, 120, 113),\n\t(2, 3841, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jorn van der Pol', 'MC 4059', 113, 120, 107),\n\t(1, 3838, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'MC 4045', 114, 90, 81),\n\t(1, 3839, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joseph Cheriyan', 'QNC 1507', 115, 48, 17),\n\t(1, 5040, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Logan Crew', 'STC 0010', 116, 150, 83),\n\t(1, 3010, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3011, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Rajinder Pal', 'RCH 308', 117, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 3012, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(101, 3013, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Lena Ahmadi', 'RCH 308', 118, 70, 57),\n\t(1, 2871, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(101, 2872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Yuning Li', 'E6 2024', 119, 60, 57),\n\t(1, 3210, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(101, 3211, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Michael Vitelli', 'E6 2024', 120, 60, 56),\n\t(1, 2912, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 308', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(101, 2913, 'LAB', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 33),\n\t(201, 2914, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Hamid Reza Kariminia Hamedaani', 'RCH 309', 121, 70, 65),\n\t(102, 3057, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cheryl Newton', 'DWE 1514', 121, 35, 32),\n\t(1, 3123, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(101, 3124, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mary Robinson', 'RCH 306', 122, 70, 26),\n\t(81, 4632, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jake Fisher', 'ONLN - Online', 123, 160, 134),\n\t(1, 4620, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 124, 100, 40),\n\t(101, 4555, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4540, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Laura Ingram, Fiona Thompson', 'EXP 1689', 125, 230, 223),\n\t(1, 4465, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sue Stathopulos', 'STC 4019', 126, 120, 110),\n\t(1, 4525, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'PHY 145', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(101, 4526, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Sonny Lee', 'AL 211', 127, 100, 85),\n\t(1, 4516, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(101, 4646, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Khaled Murtada', 'MC 2017', 128, 75, 47),\n\t(3, 4556, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 28),\n\t(1, 4468, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 27),\n\t(2, 4469, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stacey Lavery', 'C2 273', 129, 28, 24),\n\t(1, 4466, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5174, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Dara Gilbert', 'MC 4021', 130, 100, 64),\n\t(101, 5175, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'AL 113', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4541, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol', 'DC 1351', 131, 200, 139),\n\t(1, 4523, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 38),\n\t(2, 4549, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Harmeen Deol, Laura Marrone', 'ESC 149', 132, 46, 43),\n\t(101, 4647, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4467, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Marcel Nooijen', 'STC 0020', 133, 150, 120),\n\t(1, 4596, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(101, 4597, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Steven Forsey', 'PHY 313', 134, 75, 56),\n\t(1, 4462, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Eric Fillion', 'RCH 110', 135, 120, 86),\n\t(1, 4463, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 44),\n\t(2, 4464, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Julie Goll', 'STC 5002', 136, 44, 37),\n\t(81, 4637, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Leanne Racicot', 'ONLN - Online', 137, 250, 231),\n\t(1, 4461, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 138, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 4460, 'LAB', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jean Duhamel', '', 139, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 4546, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'John Corrigan', '', 140, 30, 5),\n\t(1, 4381, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cindy Zhuang', 'REN 2102', 141, 24, 12),\n\t(1, 4378, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Renjie Tang', 'REN 1918', 142, 26, 14),\n\t(1, 4889, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jie Yang', 'REN 1918', 143, 24, 13),\n\t(1, 2878, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2879, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Stan Potapenko', 'STC 0040', 144, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2880, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(101, 2881, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Wei-Chau Xie', 'STC 0040', 145, 130, 107),\n\t(1, 2882, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Christopher Muirhead', 'STC 0040', 146, 130, 105),\n\t(201, 2883, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2103', 146, 44, 36),\n\t(202, 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242),\n\t(81, 2555, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sonia Ayesha Zafar', 'ONLN - Online', 217, 25, 26),\n\t(1, 2487, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ken Hirschkop', 'SJ1 2009', 217, 25, 19),\n\t(81, 2652, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Humaira Shoaib', 'ONLN - Online', 218, 35, 34),\n\t(2, 2769, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ken Hirschkop', 'ONLN - Online', 219, 40, 40),\n\t(1, 2489, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Randy Harris', 'QNC 1506', 219, 40, 34),\n\t(1, 2653, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ashley Irwin', 'EV3 3408', 220, 27, 13),\n\t(1, 2658, 'WSP', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Lamees Al Ethari', 'EV3 3406', 221, 25, 24),\n\t(81, 5125, 'LEC', 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'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(14, 2127, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(5, 2066, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(6, 2067, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 1),\n\t(7, 2068, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(8, 2069, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(9, 2070, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(10, 2071, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 1),\n\t(11, 2072, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(12, 2073, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(13, 2074, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Chris Vigna', '', 298, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 4374, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Young-Lee Ha', 'REN 3106B', 299, 75, 54),\n\t(101, 4396, 'TUT', '16:00:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hyesoo Yang', 'REN 2104', 299, 25, 20),\n\t(102, 4397, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Grace Cho', 'REN 2104', 299, 25, 15),\n\t(103, 4398, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Young-Lee Ha', 'REN 2104', 299, 25, 19),\n\t(1, 4410, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Young-Lee Ha', 'REN 2107', 300, 25, 15),\n\t(101, 4411, 'TUT', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Young-Lee Ha', 'REN 2104', 300, 25, 15),\n\t(1, 3489, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Mohammed Nassar', 'RCH 103', 301, 120, 102),\n\t(101, 3490, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 103', 301, 120, 102),\n\t(201, 3491, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Consell', 'E2 1792', 301, 120, 102),\n\t(1, 2894, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Jennifer Ellingham', 'E5 3102', 302, 114, 96),\n\t(101, 2895, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3102', 302, 114, 96),\n\t(1, 2896, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'HJ Kwon', 'E5 3102', 303, 114, 100),\n\t(101, 2897, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3102', 303, 114, 100),\n\t(1, 2898, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Adrian Gerlich', 'RCH 103', 304, 120, 99),\n\t(101, 2899, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2119', 304, 60, 50),\n\t(102, 2900, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2119', 304, 60, 49),\n\t(201, 2979, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4058', 304, 60, 50),\n\t(202, 2980, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3518', 304, 60, 49),\n\t(1, 2901, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Naveen Chandrashekar', 'E5 3102', 305, 114, 95),\n\t(101, 2902, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3102', 305, 114, 95),\n\t(1, 2903, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'David Mather', 'E5 3102', 306, 114, 102),\n\t(101, 2904, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3102', 306, 114, 102),\n\t(1, 2905, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Yue Hu', 'E5 3102', 307, 114, 95),\n\t(201, 2906, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Yue Hu', 'E3 2103', 307, 29, 23),\n\t(202, 2907, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Yue Hu', 'E3 2103', 307, 29, 25),\n\t(203, 2908, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Yue Hu', 'E3 2103', 307, 28, 25),\n\t(204, 3191, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Yue Hu', 'E3 2103', 307, 28, 22),\n\t(101, 2946, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3102', 307, 114, 95),\n\t(1, 2909, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zhao Pan', 'E5 3101', 308, 114, 92),\n\t(101, 2910, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3101', 308, 114, 92),\n\t(101, 2938, 'TUT', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3101', 309, 114, 91),\n\t(1, 2926, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kamyar Ghavam', 'E5 3101', 309, 114, 91),\n\t(1, 2927, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Charles Kwan', 'E5 3101', 310, 114, 90),\n\t(101, 2939, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E3 2119', 310, 114, 90),\n\t(201, 2940, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3101', 310, 114, 90),\n\t(101, 2942, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3101', 311, 114, 92),\n\t(1, 2928, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jean-Pierre Hickey', 'E5 3101', 311, 114, 92),\n\t(1, 2929, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Mather', 'E5 3101', 312, 114, 92),\n\t(201, 2943, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'E5 3101', 312, 114, 92),\n\t(101, 2964, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 2531', 312, 114, 92),\n\t(1, 2930, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Cliff Butcher', 'DWE 2402', 313, 70, 58),\n\t(101, 3561, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 2402', 313, 70, 58),\n\t(1, 2931, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Christopher DiGiovanni', 'DWE 2402', 314, 45, 38),\n\t(1, 2932, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Paule Lapeyre', 'DWE 2402', 315, 50, 10),\n\t(1, 2933, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Gerry Schneider', 'E7 3353', 316, 64, 41),\n\t(1, 2944, 'PRJ', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Kamyar Ghavam, HJ Kwon', 'MC 4059', 317, 120, 96),\n\t(1, 3325, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Peng Peng', 'DWE 2402', 318, 28, 26),\n\t(101, 3382, 'LAB', '17:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, '', 318, 28, 26),\n\t(1, 3389, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kaan Erkorkmaz', 'DWE 2402', 319, 50, 31),\n\t(101, 3462, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, '', 319, 50, 31),\n\t(1, 2934, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Marco Alfano', 'DWE 2402', 320, 60, 18),\n\t(1, 2935, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sagar Patel', 'DWE 2402', 321, 60, 47),\n\t(1, 2936, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '13:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Fue-Sang Lien', 'DWE 2402', 322, 50, 32),\n\t(1, 3275, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Roydon Fraser', '', 323, 20, 15),\n\t(1, 2915, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Selcuk Onay', 'RCH 103', 324, 120, 27),\n\t(1, 2965, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hassan Shavandi', 'QNC 2502', 325, 120, 110),\n\t(101, 2966, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 2502', 325, 120, 110),\n\t(1, 3407, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ada Hurst', 'ONLN - Online', 326, 130, 89),\n\t(1, 2916, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Houra Mahmoudzadeh', 'RCH 110', 327, 96, 95),\n\t(101, 2920, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 110', 327, 96, 95),\n\t(2, 3066, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Danielle Atara Ripsman', 'DWE 1501', 327, 120, 112),\n\t(102, 3067, 'TUT', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1501', 327, 120, 112),\n\t(1, 3560, 'LEC', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Peter Carr', 'RCH 103', 328, 120, 28),\n\t(1, 2950, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Hassan Shavandi', 'MC 4045', 329, 104, 62),\n\t(101, 2951, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 329, 104, 62),\n\t(1, 4040, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Graeme Turner', 'RCH 306', 330, 50, 33),\n\t(101, 4041, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 306', 330, 50, 33),\n\t(101, 4072, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 306', 331, 50, 30),\n\t(1, 4067, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'RCH 306', 331, 50, 30),\n\t(107, 4042, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4042', 332, 65, 62),\n\t(108, 4143, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4058', 332, 65, 58),\n\t(1, 3859, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'RCH 309', 332, 80, 63),\n\t(2, 3860, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 305', 332, 80, 62),\n\t(3, 3861, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'RCH 103', 332, 120, 98),\n\t(101, 3862, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 1502', 332, 40, 33),\n\t(102, 3863, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(103, 3864, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 204', 332, 40, 30),\n\t(104, 3865, 'TUT', '13:30:00', '15:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jordan Hamilton', 'RCH 206', 332, 40, 32),\n\t(105, 3866, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'MC 4042', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(4, 3937, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'STC 0060', 332, 130, 120),\n\t(106, 3938, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Zack Cramer', 'DWE 3518', 332, 60, 49),\n\t(110, 4203, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3522A', 332, 47, 42),\n\t(5, 4194, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'CPH 3604', 332, 95, 88),\n\t(109, 4195, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Ryan Trelford', 'DWE 3516', 332, 48, 46),\n\t(2, 3939, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 126),\n\t(103, 3940, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(104, 3941, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 42),\n\t(105, 4018, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(106, 4019, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 3522A', 333, 48, 44),\n\t(1, 3867, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Oleksandr Yampolskiy', 'E7 5343', 333, 144, 119),\n\t(101, 3868, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'DWE 1515', 333, 48, 39),\n\t(102, 3869, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'QNC 1506', 333, 48, 40),\n\t(81, 4229, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Burcu Tuncer Karabina', 'ONLN - Online', 334, 120, 88),\n\t(1, 3870, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Paul-Herman Balduf', 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 3884, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PHY 150', 335, 60, 22),\n\t(101, 5419, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(81, 4230, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'ONLN - Online', 336, 120, 108),\n\t(1, 5418, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Michelle Molino', 'RCH 103', 336, 120, 25),\n\t(201, 5171, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 4231, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'ONLN - Online', 337, 150, 136),\n\t(1, 3871, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Bruno de Lima Barbosa', 'STC 0010', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(101, 3872, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4021', 337, 120, 77),\n\t(81, 3873, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 338, 120, 77),\n\t(2, 4000, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(102, 4001, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2017', 339, 100, 55),\n\t(201, 3956, 'TST', '19:00:00', '20:50:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 339, 300, 131),\n\t(81, 4237, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jamie de Jong', 'ONLN - Online', 339, 120, 117),\n\t(1, 3874, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Esha Saha', 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(101, 3875, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 4045', 339, 100, 26),\n\t(103, 4083, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'MC 2054', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(3, 4082, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Sachin Kotecha', 'RCH 307', 339, 100, 50),\n\t(81, 4241, 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'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Christine Eagles', 'MC 4061', 345, 120, 74),\n\t(3, 4341, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Nat Kendal-Freedman', 'QNC 1502', 345, 120, 72),\n\t(1, 3879, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ian Payne', 'MC 4020', 345, 120, 119),\n\t(101, 3885, 'TUT', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(201, 4101, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 345, 360, 265),\n\t(81, 4128, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jennifer McKinnon', 'ONLN - Online', 346, 160, 135),\n\t(101, 3886, 'TUT', '15:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'M3 1006', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(201, 3900, 'TST', '16:30:00', '18:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, '', 346, 360, 249),\n\t(2, 3902, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 79),\n\t(1, 3880, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 100),\n\t(3, 4342, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Faisal Al-Faisal', 'MC 4059', 346, 120, 70),\n\t(4, 4016, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Douglas Stebila', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(104, 4017, 'TUT', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 135),\n\t(3, 3995, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Olya Mandelshtam', 'STC 0050', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(103, 3996, 'TUT', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'STC 0060', 347, 135, 117),\n\t(1, 3881, 'LEC', 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38),\n\t(1, 3844, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Sandra Emms', 'MC 4064', 350, 25, 8),\n\t(1, 2815, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'John Brownell', 'CGR 1208', 351, 100, 32),\n\t(1, 2819, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 352, 500, 29),\n\t(1, 2820, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 353, 500, 18),\n\t(1, 2816, 'LEC', '19:00:00', '21:50:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Simon Wood', 'UTD 105', 354, 230, 217),\n\t(1, 2821, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 355, 500, 16),\n\t(1, 2822, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 356, 500, 5),\n\t(1, 2832, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 357, 35, 13),\n\t(1, 2825, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 358, 35, 2),\n\t(1, 2817, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 359, 40, 20),\n\t(1, 2847, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Terry Paynter', 'CGR 1208', 360, 40, 4),\n\t(1, 2823, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 361, 500, 3),\n\t(1, 2824, 'ENS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 362, 500, 6),\n\t(1, 2826, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 363, 35, 1),\n\t(1, 2827, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 364, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2830, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 365, 10, 1),\n\t(1, 2818, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 366, 10, 0),\n\t(1, 2828, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 367, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2831, 'STU', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 368, 35, 0),\n\t(1, 2833, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 369, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 4471, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sandip Randhawa, Olivia Ricci', 'ONLN - Online', 370, 36, 32),\n\t(101, 4589, 'TUT', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sandip Randhawa, Olivia Ricci', 'ONLN - Online', 370, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4500, 'CLN', '08:30:00', '17:20:00', true, true, true, true, true, true, false, 'Lisa Christian', 'OPT 149', 371, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4486, 'CLN', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Christian', '', 372, 36, 31),\n\t(1, 4487, 'CLN', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Lisa Christian', '', 373, 36, 32),\n\t(1, 4488, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadine Furtado', 'ONLN - Online', 374, 96, 95),\n\t(81, 2843, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Malloy', 'ONLN - Online', 375, 120, 88),\n\t(81, 2844, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kelly Brown', 'ONLN - Online', 376, 60, 54),\n\t(81, 2544, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kelly Brown', 'ONLN - Online', 377, 90, 80),\n\t(1, 5374, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Naren Kumarakulasingam', 'CGR 1302', 378, 30, 10),\n\t(1, 2836, 'FLD', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Ndagire Brendah', '', 379, 5, 2),\n\t(1, 2814, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 380, 3, 0),\n\t(1, 2829, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 381, 3, 0),\n\t(1, 2595, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Bruno Tremblay', 'SJ2 2002', 382, 40, 6),\n\t(1, 2237, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Adam Woodcox', 'SJ2 2002', 383, 100, 28),\n\t(81, 2522, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Eric Devall, Sandie Devries', 'ONLN - Online', 383, 90, 86),\n\t(81, 2545, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zorn Rose', 'ONLN - Online', 384, 25, 22),\n\t(81, 2575, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zorn Rose', 'ONLN - Online', 385, 25, 23),\n\t(81, 2571, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Nadia Miller', 'ONLN - Online', 386, 45, 43),\n\t(1, 2523, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Craig Fortier', '', 387, 20, 13),\n\t(1, 2562, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Craig Fortier', '', 388, 20, 12),\n\t(81, 2238, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Soboljevski, Alex Gruenewald', 'ONLN - Online', 389, 90, 86),\n\t(81, 2302, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Tamara Soboljevski, Alex Gruenewald', 'ONLN - Online', 390, 10, 10),\n\t(1, 2295, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jamie Sewell', 'AL 124', 391, 80, 22),\n\t(1, 5172, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Nick Ray', 'AL 105', 392, 80, 40),\n\t(81, 2524, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mitchell Ross, Darlene Drecun', 'ONLN - Online', 393, 40, 38),\n\t(81, 2518, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mitchell Ross, Darlene Drecun', 'ONLN - Online', 394, 60, 54),\n\t(1, 2453, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brian Orend', 'ONLN - Online', 395, 30, 28),\n\t(1, 2454, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brian Orend', 'ONLN - Online', 396, 30, 29),\n\t(81, 2526, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kyle Kenneth James Adams', 'ONLN - Online', 397, 40, 38),\n\t(81, 4474, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'ONLN - Online', 398, 150, 104),\n\t(1, 4969, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'STC 0010', 398, 120, 21),\n\t(101, 4970, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'PHY 150', 398, 60, 11),\n\t(102, 4971, 'TUT', '08:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Karen Cummings', 'PHY 150', 398, 60, 10),\n\t(1, 4475, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Tan Dinh', 'STC 3028', 399, 36, 22),\n\t(2, 4476, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Tan Dinh', 'STC 3028', 399, 36, 23),\n\t(102, 4658, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matthew Robbins', 'RCH 305', 400, 35, 31),\n\t(1, 4643, 'LEC', '08:30:00', '09:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Matthew Robbins', 'RCH 309', 400, 70, 65),\n\t(101, 4644, 'TUT', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Matthew Robbins', 'RCH 305', 400, 35, 34),\n\t(1, 4557, 'LEC', '13:00:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Russell Thompson', 'AL 113', 401, 165, 156),\n\t(1, 4551, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mikolas Skilandziunas', 'PHY 321', 402, 20, 18),\n\t(2, 4552, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Mikolas Skilandziunas', 'PHY 321', 402, 20, 19),\n\t(3, 4617, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Mikolas Skilandziunas', 'PHY 321', 402, 20, 17),\n\t(4, 4657, 'LAB', '14:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, false, true, false, false, 'Mikolas Skilandziunas', 'PHY 321', 402, 20, 17),\n\t(1, 4489, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Matthew Robbins', 'M3 1006', 403, 120, 80),\n\t(101, 4968, 'TUT', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Matthew Robbins', 'M3 1006', 403, 120, 80),\n\t(1, 4490, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Gardiner, Guenter Scholz', 'PHY 309J', 404, 58, 41),\n\t(1, 4491, 'LAB', '13:30:00', '17:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jeff Gardiner, Guenter Scholz', 'PHY 309J', 405, 12, 13),\n\t(1, 4492, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'David Yevick', 'MC 4059', 406, 110, 72),\n\t(1, 4493, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Russell Thompson', 'AL 105', 407, 80, 46),\n\t(1, 4562, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Brenda Lee', 'MC 4045', 408, 100, 42),\n\t(1, 4671, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'ONLN - Online', 409, 25, 0),\n\t(1, 4672, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'ONLN - Online', 410, 50, 0),\n\t(1, 3719, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joe Qian', 'RCH 105', 411, 80, 36),\n\t(1, 3720, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Joe Qian', 'RCH 105', 412, 30, 12),\n\t(105, 3785, 'LAB', '19:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 24),\n\t(1, 3669, 'LEC', '12:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV3 1408', 413, 135, 95),\n\t(101, 3670, 'LAB', '17:30:00', '18:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 26),\n\t(103, 3672, 'LAB', '19:30:00', '20:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 18),\n\t(104, 3693, 'LAB', '18:30:00', '19:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Jane Law', 'EV2 1002A', 413, 27, 27),\n\t(1, 3763, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Carrie Mitchell', 'EV3 4412', 414, 40, 33),\n\t(1, 3699, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Dave Galbraith', 'EV3 1408', 415, 45, 45),\n\t(1, 3265, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Dave Galbraith', 'EV3 1408', 416, 60, 43),\n\t(1, 3645, 'ESS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 417, 1, 0),\n\t(81, 4238, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Barbara Csima', 'ONLN - Online', 418, 135, 125),\n\t(1, 3824, 'LEC', '09:30:00', '10:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Andrew Zucker', 'MC 4060', 419, 65, 33),\n\t(1, 4157, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Ty Ghaswala', 'MC 4060', 420, 66, 65),\n\t(1, 3827, 'LEC', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Alexandru Nica', 'MC 1056', 421, 90, 62),\n\t(1, 3999, 'LEC', '10:30:00', '11:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Anton Mosunov', 'MC 4064', 422, 45, 18),\n\t(1, 4099, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', true, false, true, false, true, false, false, 'Blake Madill', 'MC 4060', 423, 45, 24),\n\t(1, 2305, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '16:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 'Brent Needham', 'STC 0010', 424, 150, 94),\n\t(103, 2330, 'DIS', '12:30:00', '13:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PAS 2086', 424, 25, 16),\n\t(104, 2331, 'DIS', '11:30:00', '12:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PAS 2086', 424, 25, 15),\n\t(105, 2332, 'DIS', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 119', 424, 25, 15),\n\t(106, 2333, 'DIS', '13:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, true, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'PAS 2086', 424, 25, 10),\n\t(101, 2328, 'DIS', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, true, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 119', 424, 25, 20),\n\t(102, 2329, 'DIS', '16:30:00', '17:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, NULL, 'HH 119', 424, 25, 18),\n\t(2, 5572, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Mariam Mufti', '', 425, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2810, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Alana Cattapan', '', 425, 1, 1),\n\t(1, 2247, 'LEC', '18:30:00', '21:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Rebecca Pister', 'AL 116', 426, 285, 102),\n\t(81, 2517, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Cam Smith', 'ONLN - Online', 426, 240, 234),\n\t(81, 2620, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kaiden M Stewart', 'ONLN - Online', 427, 320, 296),\n\t(81, 2527, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sherman Kwok', 'ONLN - Online', 428, 120, 117),\n\t(1, 2431, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Siobhan Sutherland', '', 429, 285, 114),\n\t(81, 2345, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Kristin Wilson', 'ONLN - Online', 430, 240, 222),\n\t(81, 2548, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Maksim Rudnev', 'ONLN - Online', 431, 100, 87),\n\t(1, 5013, 'LEC', '14:30:00', '15:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Siobhan Sutherland', '', 432, 285, 127),\n\t(1, 5105, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 'Cam Smith', 'EIT 1015', 433, 150, 128),\n\t(1, 2250, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 434, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 2251, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 435, 1, 0),\n\t(1, 5109, 'SEM', '11:30:00', '14:20:00', true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Sam Johnson', 'HH 138', 436, 25, 18),\n\t(1, 2248, 'PRA', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Roxane Itier, Allison Kelly, David Moscovitch', '', 437, 20, 4),\n\t(1, 2257, 'RDG', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Jonathan Oakman', '', 438, 10, 1),\n\t(101, 2280, 'DIS', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 439, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2249, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 439, 30, 14),\n\t(101, 2281, 'SEM', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, NULL, NULL, 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2254, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 440, 30, 11),\n\t(1, 2255, 'PRJ', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Stephanie Denison', '', 441, 30, 14),\n\t(1, 2225, 'LEC', '10:00:00', '11:20:00', false, true, false, true, false, false, false, 'Alyssa Vanwyck', 'OPT 1129', 442, 120, 25),\n\t(1, 2224, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 443, 60, 28),\n\t(1, 2781, 'LEC', '11:30:00', '12:50:00', true, false, true, false, false, false, false, 'Kylie Wasser', 'MC 1085', 444, 60, 10),\n\t(81, 2190, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Zara Rafferty', 'ONLN - Online', 445, 60, 35),\n\t(81, 2185, 'LEC', '00:00:00', '00:00:00', false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 'Juliet Yeboah', 'ONLN - Online', 446, 350, 158)\nON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;\n", + "describe": { + "columns": [], + "parameters": { + "Left": [] + }, + "nullable": [] + }, + "hash": "3ff8fb1a731df16da3ab835e5e560a17280e0eb30b819109f26745375f696c43" + } } \ No newline at end of file