diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index 92b578d16c85..e331f27b249a 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 ## New Features / Improvements
 
 * X feature added (Java/Python) ([#X](https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/X)).
+* Name all Java threads to aid in debugging ([#23049](https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/23049)).
 
 ## Breaking Changes
 
diff --git a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/DataflowRunnerHarness.java b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/DataflowRunnerHarness.java
index 2b1d3997ebaf..b0067589ea06 100644
--- a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/DataflowRunnerHarness.java
+++ b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/DataflowRunnerHarness.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileSystems;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.Server;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@@ -201,7 +202,12 @@ public static void start(
       }
       worker.startStatusPages();
       worker.start();
-      ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+      ExecutorService executor =
+          Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+              new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                  .setDaemon(true)
+                  .setNameFormat("ControlClient-thread")
+                  .build());
       executor.execute(
           () -> { // Task to get new client connections
             while (true) {
diff --git a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/FetchAndFilterStreamingSideInputsOperation.java b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/FetchAndFilterStreamingSideInputsOperation.java
index 921418b633b9..badd629425cb 100644
--- a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/FetchAndFilterStreamingSideInputsOperation.java
+++ b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/FetchAndFilterStreamingSideInputsOperation.java
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.TupleTag;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.WindowingStrategy;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 
 /**
@@ -96,7 +97,12 @@ public FetchAndFilterStreamingSideInputsOperation(
             (StreamingModeExecutionContext.StreamingModeStepContext)
                 stepContext.namespacedToUser());
     this.elementsToProcess = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
-    this.singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    this.singleThreadExecutor =
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+            new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                .setDaemon(true)
+                .setNameFormat("FetchAndFilterStreamingSideInput-thread")
+                .build());
   }
 
   /** A {@link PCollectionView} which forwards all calls to its delegate. */
diff --git a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/util/JfrInterop.java b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/util/JfrInterop.java
index 1e6539c2ba69..116e7a235d46 100644
--- a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/util/JfrInterop.java
+++ b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/util/JfrInterop.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 
 /**
  * Exposes methods to interop with JFR. This is only supported on java 9 and up, java 8 does not
@@ -35,7 +36,9 @@
  */
 class JfrInterop {
   // ensure only a single JFR profile is running at once
-  private static final ExecutorService JFR_EXECUTOR = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+  private static final ExecutorService JFR_EXECUTOR =
+      Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+          new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true).setNameFormat("JFRprofile-thread").build());
 
   private final Constructor<?> recordingCtor;
   private final Method recordingStart;
diff --git a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/windmill/GrpcWindmillServer.java b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/windmill/GrpcWindmillServer.java
index b35783946ecc..6a5e608f5b8f 100644
--- a/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/windmill/GrpcWindmillServer.java
+++ b/runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/windmill/GrpcWindmillServer.java
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.base.Verify;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.net.HostAndPort;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.joda.time.Duration;
 import org.joda.time.Instant;
@@ -626,7 +627,12 @@ private abstract class AbstractWindmillStream<RequestT, ResponseT> implements Wi
     private final StreamObserverFactory streamObserverFactory =
         StreamObserverFactory.direct(streamDeadlineSeconds * 2);
     private final Function<StreamObserver<ResponseT>, StreamObserver<RequestT>> clientFactory;
-    private final Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    private final Executor executor =
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+            new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                .setDaemon(true)
+                .setNameFormat("WindmillStream-thread")
+                .build());
 
     // The following should be protected by synchronizing on this, except for
     // the atomics which may be read atomically for status pages.
diff --git a/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/BundleCheckpointHandlers.java b/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/BundleCheckpointHandlers.java
index f29a1e956c90..a86dc0650712 100644
--- a/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/BundleCheckpointHandlers.java
+++ b/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/BundleCheckpointHandlers.java
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class BundleCheckpointHandlers {
 
   /**
    * A {@link BundleCheckpointHandler} which uses {@link
-   * org.apache.beam.runners.core.TimerInternals.TimerData} ans {@link
+   * org.apache.beam.runners.core.TimerInternals.TimerData} and {@link
    * org.apache.beam.sdk.state.ValueState} to reschedule {@link DelayedBundleApplication}.
    */
   public static class StateAndTimerBundleCheckpointHandler<T> implements BundleCheckpointHandler {
diff --git a/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/ReferenceCountingExecutableStageContextFactory.java b/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/ReferenceCountingExecutableStageContextFactory.java
index f17695c12310..35ac37bcff34 100644
--- a/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/ReferenceCountingExecutableStageContextFactory.java
+++ b/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/control/ReferenceCountingExecutableStageContextFactory.java
@@ -158,7 +158,12 @@ private ScheduledExecutorService getExecutor() {
     synchronized (this) {
       if (executor == null) {
         executor =
-            Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1, new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true).build());
+            Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(
+                1,
+                new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                    .setNameFormat("ScheduledExecutor-thread")
+                    .setDaemon(true)
+                    .build());
       }
       return executor;
     }
diff --git a/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/environment/EmbeddedEnvironmentFactory.java b/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/environment/EmbeddedEnvironmentFactory.java
index 27a2e33ed3e1..1cb62136edcf 100644
--- a/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/environment/EmbeddedEnvironmentFactory.java
+++ b/runners/java-fn-execution/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/fnexecution/environment/EmbeddedEnvironmentFactory.java
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.fn.server.ServerFactory;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.fn.stream.OutboundObserverFactory;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -94,7 +95,12 @@ private EmbeddedEnvironmentFactory(
   @SuppressWarnings("FutureReturnValueIgnored") // no need to monitor shutdown thread
   public RemoteEnvironment createEnvironment(Environment environment, String workerId)
       throws Exception {
-    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    ExecutorService executor =
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+            new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                .setDaemon(true)
+                .setNameFormat("CreateEnvironment-thread")
+                .build());
     Future<?> fnHarness =
         executor.submit(
             () -> {
diff --git a/runners/spark/2/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java b/runners/spark/2/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java
index 84c1bb34bebc..98b068a9cce7 100644
--- a/runners/spark/2/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java
+++ b/runners/spark/2/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsValidator;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.apache.spark.SparkEnv$;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
 import org.apache.spark.metrics.MetricsSystem;
@@ -141,7 +142,9 @@ public SparkStructuredStreamingPipelineResult run(final Pipeline pipeline) {
 
     final AbstractTranslationContext translationContext = translatePipeline(pipeline);
 
-    final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    final ExecutorService executorService =
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+            new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true).setNameFormat("LocalSpark-thread").build());
     final Future<?> submissionFuture =
         executorService.submit(
             () -> {
diff --git a/runners/spark/3/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java b/runners/spark/3/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java
index 68f54ac93bf0..ee0d2b1deb91 100644
--- a/runners/spark/3/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java
+++ b/runners/spark/3/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/structuredstreaming/SparkStructuredStreamingRunner.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsValidator;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.apache.spark.SparkEnv$;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
 import org.apache.spark.metrics.MetricsSystem;
@@ -147,7 +148,9 @@ public SparkStructuredStreamingPipelineResult run(final Pipeline pipeline) {
 
     final TranslationContext translationContext = translatePipeline(pipeline);
 
-    final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    final ExecutorService executorService =
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+            new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true).setNameFormat("LocalSpark-thread").build());
     final Future<?> submissionFuture =
         executorService.submit(
             () -> {
diff --git a/runners/spark/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/SparkPipelineRunner.java b/runners/spark/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/SparkPipelineRunner.java
index 0f31f619cfce..4a7ffd13ee60 100644
--- a/runners/spark/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/SparkPipelineRunner.java
+++ b/runners/spark/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/spark/SparkPipelineRunner.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.com.google.protobuf.Struct;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
 import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaStreamingContext;
 import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaStreamingListener;
@@ -119,7 +120,12 @@ public PortablePipelineResult run(RunnerApi.Pipeline pipeline, JobInfo jobInfo)
 
     final SparkTranslationContext context =
         translator.createTranslationContext(jsc, pipelineOptions, jobInfo);
-    final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    final ExecutorService executorService =
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+            new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                .setDaemon(true)
+                .setNameFormat("DefaultSparkRunner-thread")
+                .build());
 
     LOG.info("Running job {} on Spark master {}", jobInfo.jobId(), jsc.master());
 
diff --git a/sdks/java/harness/jmh/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/fn/harness/jmh/ProcessBundleBenchmark.java b/sdks/java/harness/jmh/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/fn/harness/jmh/ProcessBundleBenchmark.java
index 8fc9c95b5b2d..0107f82866bc 100644
--- a/sdks/java/harness/jmh/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/fn/harness/jmh/ProcessBundleBenchmark.java
+++ b/sdks/java/harness/jmh/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/fn/harness/jmh/ProcessBundleBenchmark.java
@@ -120,7 +120,11 @@ public static class SdkHarness {
     public SdkHarness() {
       try {
         // Setup execution-time servers
-        ThreadFactory threadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true).build();
+        ThreadFactory threadFactory =
+            new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                .setDaemon(true)
+                .setNameFormat("ProcessBundlesBenchmark-thread")
+                .build();
         serverExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(threadFactory);
         ServerFactory serverFactory = ServerFactory.createDefault();
         dataServer =
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryServicesImpl.java b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryServicesImpl.java
index be418e7cea94..9624f3ddb2a1 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryServicesImpl.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryServicesImpl.java
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.joda.time.Duration;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -1681,7 +1682,12 @@ private static class BoundedExecutorService {
     BoundedExecutorService(ListeningExecutorService taskExecutor, int parallelism) {
       this.taskExecutor = taskExecutor;
       this.taskSubmitExecutor =
-          MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor());
+          MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(
+              Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+                  new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                      .setDaemon(true)
+                      .setNameFormat("BoundedBigQueryService-thread")
+                      .build()));
       this.semaphore = new Semaphore(parallelism);
     }
 
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubGrpcClient.java b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubGrpcClient.java
index f70d30a55d63..3378523b3930 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubGrpcClient.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubGrpcClient.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.base.Strings;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 
 /** A helper class for talking to Pubsub via grpc. */
@@ -166,7 +167,13 @@ public void close() {
   private Channel newChannel() throws IOException {
     checkState(publisherChannel != null, "PubsubGrpcClient has been closed");
     ClientAuthInterceptor interceptor =
-        new ClientAuthInterceptor(credentials, Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor());
+        new ClientAuthInterceptor(
+            credentials,
+            Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+                new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+                    .setDaemon(true)
+                    .setNameFormat("PubsubGrpcClient-thread")
+                    .build()));
     return ClientInterceptors.intercept(publisherChannel, interceptor);
   }
 
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/kafka/KafkaUnboundedReader.java b/sdks/java/io/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/kafka/KafkaUnboundedReader.java
index aca59813a77d..a38b92e17882 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/kafka/KafkaUnboundedReader.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/kafka/KafkaUnboundedReader.java
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.io.Closeables;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.Consumer;
 import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
 import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
@@ -357,7 +358,12 @@ public long getSplitBacklogBytes() {
   // network I/O inside poll(). Polling only inside #advance(), especially with a small timeout
   // like 100 milliseconds does not work well. This along with large receive buffer for
   // consumer achieved best throughput in tests (see `defaultConsumerProperties`).
-  private final ExecutorService consumerPollThread = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+  private final ExecutorService consumerPollThread =
+      Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
+          new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+              .setDaemon(true)
+              .setNameFormat("KafkaConsumerPoll-thread")
+              .build());
   private AtomicReference<Exception> consumerPollException = new AtomicReference<>();
   private final SynchronousQueue<ConsumerRecords<byte[], byte[]>> availableRecordsQueue =
       new SynchronousQueue<>();