diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 59eea617342..0a5f6b98411 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Note that this project **does not** adhere to [Semantic Versioning](http://semve
 - We readded the possibility to keep the search string when switching tabs. It is implemented by a toggle button. [#4096](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/4096#issuecomment-575986882)
 - We allowed the user to also preview the available citation styles in the preferences besides the selected ones [#8108](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/8108)
 - We added an option to search the available citation styles by name in the preferences [#8108](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/8108)
+- We added an option to generate bib-entries from ID through a popover in the toolbar. [#4183](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/4183)
 
 ### Changed
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/EntryTypeViewModel.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/EntryTypeViewModel.java
index d8221b328e6..9318c56d8d0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/EntryTypeViewModel.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/EntryTypeViewModel.java
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public void runFetcherWorker() {
                 ImportCleanup cleanup = new ImportCleanup(libraryTab.getBibDatabaseContext().getMode());
                 cleanup.doPostCleanup(entry);
                 Optional<BibEntry> duplicate = new DuplicateCheck(Globals.entryTypesManager).containsDuplicate(libraryTab.getDatabase(), entry, libraryTab.getBibDatabaseContext().getMode());
-                if ((duplicate.isPresent())) {
+                if (duplicate.isPresent()) {
                     DuplicateResolverDialog dialog = new DuplicateResolverDialog(entry, duplicate.get(), DuplicateResolverDialog.DuplicateResolverType.IMPORT_CHECK, libraryTab.getBibDatabaseContext(), stateManager);
                     switch (dialogService.showCustomDialogAndWait(dialog).orElse(DuplicateResolverDialog.DuplicateResolverResult.BREAK)) {
                         case KEEP_LEFT:
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/JabRefFrame.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/JabRefFrame.java
index 7a262d5981b..7227e0de601 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/JabRefFrame.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/JabRefFrame.java
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@
 import org.jabref.gui.help.ErrorConsoleAction;
 import org.jabref.gui.help.HelpAction;
 import org.jabref.gui.help.SearchForUpdateAction;
+import org.jabref.gui.icon.IconTheme;
+import org.jabref.gui.importer.GenerateEntryFromIdDialog;
 import org.jabref.gui.importer.ImportCommand;
 import org.jabref.gui.importer.ImportEntriesDialog;
 import org.jabref.gui.importer.NewDatabaseAction;
@@ -174,6 +176,7 @@ public class JabRefFrame extends BorderPane {
     private SidePane sidePane;
     private TabPane tabbedPane;
     private PopOver progressViewPopOver;
+    private PopOver entryFromIdPopOver;
 
     private final TaskExecutor taskExecutor;
 
@@ -477,6 +480,8 @@ private Node createToolbar() {
         final Button pushToApplicationButton = factory.createIconButton(pushToApplicationAction.getActionInformation(), pushToApplicationAction);
         pushToApplicationsManager.registerReconfigurable(pushToApplicationButton);
 
+        // Setup Toolbar
+
         ToolBar toolBar = new ToolBar(
 
                 new HBox(
@@ -493,6 +498,7 @@ private Node createToolbar() {
                 new HBox(
                         factory.createIconButton(StandardActions.NEW_ARTICLE, new NewEntryAction(this, StandardEntryType.Article, dialogService, prefs, stateManager)),
                         factory.createIconButton(StandardActions.NEW_ENTRY, new NewEntryAction(this, dialogService, prefs, stateManager)),
+                        createNewEntryFromIdButton(),
                         factory.createIconButton(StandardActions.NEW_ENTRY_FROM_PLAIN_TEXT, new ExtractBibtexAction(dialogService, prefs, stateManager)),
                         factory.createIconButton(StandardActions.DELETE_ENTRY, new EditAction(StandardActions.DELETE_ENTRY, this, stateManager))
                 ),
@@ -907,6 +913,36 @@ private MenuBar createMenu() {
         return menu;
     }
 
+    private Button createNewEntryFromIdButton() {
+        Button newEntryFromIdButton = new Button();
+
+        newEntryFromIdButton.setGraphic(IconTheme.JabRefIcons.IMPORT.getGraphicNode());
+        newEntryFromIdButton.getStyleClass().setAll("icon-button");
+        newEntryFromIdButton.setFocusTraversable(false);
+        newEntryFromIdButton.disableProperty().bind(ActionHelper.needsDatabase(stateManager).not());
+        newEntryFromIdButton.setOnMouseClicked(event -> {
+            GenerateEntryFromIdDialog entryFromId = new GenerateEntryFromIdDialog(getCurrentLibraryTab(), dialogService, prefs, taskExecutor);
+
+            if (entryFromIdPopOver == null) {
+                entryFromIdPopOver = new PopOver(entryFromId.getDialogPane());
+                entryFromIdPopOver.setTitle(Localization.lang("Import by ID"));
+                entryFromIdPopOver.setArrowLocation(PopOver.ArrowLocation.TOP_CENTER);
+                entryFromIdPopOver.setContentNode(entryFromId.getDialogPane());
+                entryFromIdPopOver.show(newEntryFromIdButton);
+                entryFromId.setEntryFromIdPopOver(entryFromIdPopOver);
+            } else if (entryFromIdPopOver.isShowing()) {
+                entryFromIdPopOver.hide();
+            } else {
+                entryFromIdPopOver.setContentNode(entryFromId.getDialogPane());
+                entryFromIdPopOver.show(newEntryFromIdButton);
+                entryFromId.setEntryFromIdPopOver(entryFromIdPopOver);
+            }
+        });
+        newEntryFromIdButton.setTooltip(new Tooltip(Localization.lang("Import by ID")));
+
+        return newEntryFromIdButton;
+    }
+
     private Group createTaskIndicator() {
         ProgressIndicator indicator = new ProgressIndicator();
         indicator.getStyleClass().add("progress-indicatorToolbar");
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/actions/StandardActions.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/actions/StandardActions.java
index cbe51b9db9e..9c2b75fe9e1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/actions/StandardActions.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/actions/StandardActions.java
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ public enum StandardActions implements Action {
     LIBRARY_PROPERTIES(Localization.lang("Library properties")),
     EDIT_PREAMBLE(Localization.lang("Edit preamble")),
     EDIT_STRINGS(Localization.lang("Edit string constants"), IconTheme.JabRefIcons.EDIT_STRINGS, KeyBinding.EDIT_STRINGS),
-
     FIND_DUPLICATES(Localization.lang("Find duplicates"), IconTheme.JabRefIcons.FIND_DUPLICATES),
     MERGE_ENTRIES(Localization.lang("Merge entries"), IconTheme.JabRefIcons.MERGE_ENTRIES, KeyBinding.MERGE_ENTRIES),
     RESOLVE_DUPLICATE_KEYS(Localization.lang("Resolve duplicate citation keys"), Localization.lang("Find and remove duplicate citation keys"), KeyBinding.RESOLVE_DUPLICATE_CITATION_KEYS),
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdAction.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdAction.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f02fa00a327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdAction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package org.jabref.gui.importer;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import org.jabref.gui.DialogService;
+import org.jabref.gui.Globals;
+import org.jabref.gui.LibraryTab;
+import org.jabref.gui.actions.SimpleCommand;
+import org.jabref.gui.util.BackgroundTask;
+import org.jabref.gui.util.TaskExecutor;
+import org.jabref.logic.JabRefException;
+import org.jabref.logic.database.DuplicateCheck;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.CompositeIdFetcher;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.FetcherException;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.ImportCleanup;
+import org.jabref.logic.l10n.Localization;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.BibEntry;
+import org.jabref.preferences.PreferencesService;
+
+import org.controlsfx.control.PopOver;
+
+public class GenerateEntryFromIdAction extends SimpleCommand {
+
+    private final LibraryTab libraryTab;
+    private final DialogService dialogService;
+    private final PreferencesService preferencesService;
+    private final String identifier;
+    private final TaskExecutor taskExecutor;
+    private final PopOver entryFromIdPopOver;
+
+    public GenerateEntryFromIdAction(LibraryTab libraryTab, DialogService dialogService, PreferencesService preferencesService, TaskExecutor taskExecutor, PopOver entryFromIdPopOver, String identifier) {
+        this.libraryTab = libraryTab;
+        this.dialogService = dialogService;
+        this.preferencesService = preferencesService;
+        this.identifier = identifier;
+        this.taskExecutor = taskExecutor;
+        this.entryFromIdPopOver = entryFromIdPopOver;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute() {
+        BackgroundTask<Optional<BibEntry>> backgroundTask = searchAndImportEntryInBackground();
+        backgroundTask.titleProperty().set(Localization.lang("Import by ID"));
+        backgroundTask.showToUser(true);
+        backgroundTask.onRunning(() -> dialogService.notify("%s".formatted(backgroundTask.messageProperty().get())));
+        backgroundTask.onFailure((e) -> dialogService.notify(e.getMessage()));
+        backgroundTask.onSuccess((bibEntry) -> bibEntry.ifPresentOrElse((entry) -> {
+                libraryTab.insertEntry(entry);
+                entryFromIdPopOver.hide();
+                dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Imported one entry"));
+                },
+                () -> dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Import canceled"))
+        ));
+        backgroundTask.executeWith(taskExecutor);
+    }
+
+    private BackgroundTask<Optional<BibEntry>> searchAndImportEntryInBackground() {
+        return new BackgroundTask<>() {
+            @Override
+            protected Optional<BibEntry> call() throws JabRefException {
+                if (isCanceled()) {
+                    return Optional.empty();
+                }
+
+                updateMessage(Localization.lang("Searching..."));
+                try {
+                    Optional<BibEntry> result = new CompositeIdFetcher(preferencesService.getImportFormatPreferences()).performSearchById(identifier);
+                    if (result.isPresent()) {
+                        final BibEntry entry = result.get();
+                        ImportCleanup cleanup = new ImportCleanup(libraryTab.getBibDatabaseContext().getMode());
+                        cleanup.doPostCleanup(entry);
+                        // DuplicateCheck only covers DOI and ISBN at the moment.
+                        Optional<BibEntry> duplicate = new DuplicateCheck(Globals.entryTypesManager).containsDuplicate(libraryTab.getDatabase(), entry, libraryTab.getBibDatabaseContext().getMode());
+                        if (duplicate.isPresent()) {
+                            throw new JabRefException(Localization.lang("Entry already exists"));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        throw new JabRefException(Localization.lang("Could not find any bibliographic information."));
+                    }
+                    updateMessage(Localization.lang("Imported one entry"));
+                    return result;
+                } catch (FetcherException fetcherException) {
+                    throw new JabRefException("Fetcher error: %s".formatted(fetcherException.getMessage()));
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdDialog.fxml b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdDialog.fxml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed68c2425c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdDialog.fxml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
+<?import javafx.scene.control.DialogPane?>
+<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
+<?import javafx.scene.control.TextField?>
+<?import javafx.scene.layout.Pane?>
+
+<DialogPane fx:id="dialogPane" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="92.0" prefWidth="392.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/17" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="org.jabref.gui.importer.GenerateEntryFromIdDialog">
+   <content>
+       <Pane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="102.0" prefWidth="360.0">
+           <TextField fx:id="idTextField" layoutX="14.0" layoutY="40.0" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="29.0" prefWidth="287.0" />
+           <Button fx:id="generateButton" layoutX="314.0" layoutY="40.0" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" mnemonicParsing="false" onAction="#generateEntry" prefHeight="30.0" prefWidth="55.0" textAlignment="CENTER" />
+           <Label layoutX="14.0" layoutY="14.0" prefHeight="16.0" prefWidth="328.0" text="Import new entry from ID"/>
+       </Pane>
+   </content>
+</DialogPane>
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdDialog.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdDialog.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02a402a6349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/importer/GenerateEntryFromIdDialog.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package org.jabref.gui.importer;
+
+import javafx.fxml.FXML;
+import javafx.scene.control.Button;
+import javafx.scene.control.DialogPane;
+import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
+
+import org.jabref.gui.DialogService;
+import org.jabref.gui.LibraryTab;
+import org.jabref.gui.icon.IconTheme;
+import org.jabref.gui.util.TaskExecutor;
+import org.jabref.logic.l10n.Localization;
+import org.jabref.preferences.PreferencesService;
+
+import com.airhacks.afterburner.views.ViewLoader;
+import org.controlsfx.control.PopOver;
+
+public class GenerateEntryFromIdDialog {
+
+    @FXML DialogPane dialogPane;
+    @FXML TextField idTextField;
+    @FXML Button generateButton;
+
+    private final PreferencesService preferencesService;
+    private final DialogService dialogService;
+    private final LibraryTab libraryTab;
+    private final TaskExecutor taskExecutor;
+
+    private PopOver entryFromIdPopOver;
+
+    public GenerateEntryFromIdDialog(LibraryTab libraryTab, DialogService dialogService, PreferencesService preferencesService, TaskExecutor taskExecutor) {
+        ViewLoader.view(this).load();
+        this.preferencesService = preferencesService;
+        this.dialogService = dialogService;
+        this.libraryTab = libraryTab;
+        this.taskExecutor = taskExecutor;
+
+        this.generateButton.setGraphic(IconTheme.JabRefIcons.IMPORT.getGraphicNode());
+        this.generateButton.setDefaultButton(true);
+    }
+
+    @FXML private void generateEntry() {
+        if (idTextField.getText().isEmpty()) {
+            dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Enter a valid ID"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.idTextField.requestFocus();
+
+        GenerateEntryFromIdAction generateEntryFromIdAction = new GenerateEntryFromIdAction(
+                libraryTab,
+                dialogService,
+                preferencesService,
+                taskExecutor,
+                entryFromIdPopOver,
+                idTextField.getText()
+        );
+        generateEntryFromIdAction.execute();
+    }
+
+    public void setEntryFromIdPopOver(PopOver entryFromIdPopOver) {
+        this.entryFromIdPopOver = entryFromIdPopOver;
+    }
+
+    public DialogPane getDialogPane() {
+        return dialogPane;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/logic/importer/CompositeIdFetcher.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/logic/importer/CompositeIdFetcher.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..652cb52255d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/logic/importer/CompositeIdFetcher.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package org.jabref.logic.importer;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.fetcher.ArXiv;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.fetcher.DoiFetcher;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.fetcher.IacrEprintFetcher;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.fetcher.IsbnFetcher;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.BibEntry;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.identifier.ArXivIdentifier;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.identifier.DOI;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.identifier.ISBN;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.identifier.IacrEprint;
+
+public class CompositeIdFetcher {
+
+    private final ImportFormatPreferences importFormatPreferences;
+
+    public CompositeIdFetcher(ImportFormatPreferences importFormatPreferences) {
+        this.importFormatPreferences = importFormatPreferences;
+    }
+
+    public Optional<BibEntry> performSearchById(String identifier) throws FetcherException {
+        Optional<DOI> doi = DOI.parse(identifier);
+        if (doi.isPresent()) {
+            return new DoiFetcher(importFormatPreferences).performSearchById(doi.get().getNormalized());
+        }
+        Optional<ArXivIdentifier> arXivIdentifier = ArXivIdentifier.parse(identifier);
+        if (arXivIdentifier.isPresent()) {
+            return new ArXiv(importFormatPreferences).performSearchById(arXivIdentifier.get().getNormalized());
+        }
+        Optional<ISBN> isbn = ISBN.parse(identifier);
+        if (isbn.isPresent()) {
+            return new IsbnFetcher(importFormatPreferences).performSearchById(isbn.get().getNormalized());
+        }
+        Optional<IacrEprint> iacrEprint = IacrEprint.parse(identifier);
+        if (iacrEprint.isPresent()) {
+            return new IacrEprintFetcher(importFormatPreferences).performSearchById(iacrEprint.get().getNormalized());
+        }
+
+        return Optional.empty();
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return "CompositeIdFetcher";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/model/entry/identifier/IacrEprint.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/model/entry/identifier/IacrEprint.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c385b9316ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/model/entry/identifier/IacrEprint.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package org.jabref.model.entry.identifier;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.jabref.model.entry.field.Field;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.field.StandardField;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class IacrEprint implements Identifier {
+    public static final URI RESOLVER = URI.create("https://ia.cr");
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IacrEprint.class);
+
+    private static final String IACR_EPRINT_EXP = "\\d{4}\\/\\d{3,5}";
+    private final String iacrEprint;
+
+    IacrEprint(String iacrEprint) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iacrEprint);
+
+        String trimmedId = iacrEprint.trim();
+
+        if (matchesExcepted(trimmedId)) {
+            Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(IACR_EPRINT_EXP).matcher(trimmedId);
+            matcher.find();
+            this.iacrEprint = matcher.group(0);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(trimmedId + " is not a valid IacrEprint identifier.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean matchesExcepted(String identifier) {
+        return identifier.matches(
+                "(https\\:\\/\\/)?(ia\\.cr\\/|eprint\\.iacr\\.org\\/)?" + IACR_EPRINT_EXP
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static Optional<IacrEprint> parse(String identifier) {
+        String trimmed = identifier.strip();
+        try {
+            return Optional.of(new IacrEprint(trimmed));
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException illegalArgumentException) {
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getNormalized() {
+        return iacrEprint;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Field getDefaultField() {
+        return StandardField.EPRINT;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Optional<URI> getExternalURI() {
+        try {
+            URI uri = new URI(RESOLVER.getScheme(), RESOLVER.getHost(), "/" + iacrEprint, null);
+            return Optional.of(uri);
+        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+            // should never happen
+            LOGGER.error(iacrEprint + " could not be encoded as URI.", e);
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String getAsciiUrl() {
+        return getExternalURI().map(URI::toASCIIString).orElse("");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/resources/l10n/JabRef_en.properties b/src/main/resources/l10n/JabRef_en.properties
index fa058688e00..8f6a049f3e8 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/l10n/JabRef_en.properties
+++ b/src/main/resources/l10n/JabRef_en.properties
@@ -1850,6 +1850,10 @@ JabRef\ resources=JabRef resources
 Manage\ journal\ abbreviations=Manage journal abbreviations
 Manage\ protected\ terms=Manage protected terms
 New\ entry\ from\ plain\ text=New entry from plain text
+Import\ by\ ID=Import by ID
+Enter\ a\ valid\ ID=Enter a valid ID
+Imported\ one\ entry=Imported one entry
+Entry\ already\ exists=Entry already exists
 New\ sublibrary\ based\ on\ AUX\ file=New sublibrary based on AUX file
 Push\ entries\ to\ external\ application\ (%0)=Push entries to external application (%0)
 Quit=Quit
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/jabref/logic/importer/fetcher/CompositeIdFetcherTest.java b/src/test/java/org/jabref/logic/importer/fetcher/CompositeIdFetcherTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb17d02c6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/jabref/logic/importer/fetcher/CompositeIdFetcherTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package org.jabref.logic.importer.fetcher;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.jabref.logic.bibtex.FieldContentFormatterPreferences;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.CompositeIdFetcher;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.FetcherException;
+import org.jabref.logic.importer.ImportFormatPreferences;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.BibEntry;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.field.StandardField;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.field.UnknownField;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.types.StandardEntryType;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+/**
+ * Tests the CompositeIdFetcher, for which Fetchers implementing the
+ * IdBasedFetcher interface are a prerequisite. Excluding TitleFetcher.
+ */
+class CompositeIdFetcherTest {
+
+    private CompositeIdFetcher compositeIdFetcher;
+
+    public static Stream<Arguments> provideTestData() {
+        return Stream.of(
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "performSearchByIdReturnsCorrectEntryForArXivId",
+                        new BibEntry(StandardEntryType.Article)
+                                .withField(StandardField.AUTHOR, "Emily C. Cunningham and Robyn E. Sanderson and Kathryn V. Johnston and Nondh Panithanpaisal and Melissa K. Ness and Andrew Wetzel and Sarah R. Loebman and Ivanna Escala and Danny Horta and Claude-André Faucher-Giguère")
+                                .withField(StandardField.TITLE, "Reading the CARDs: the Imprint of Accretion History in the Chemical Abundances of the Milky Way's Stellar Halo")
+                                .withField(StandardField.DATE, "2021-10-06")
+                                .withField(StandardField.ABSTRACT, "In the era of large-scale spectroscopic surveys in the Local Group (LG), we can explore using chemical abundances of halo stars to study the star formation and chemical enrichment histories of the dwarf galaxy progenitors of the Milky Way (MW) and M31 stellar halos. In this paper, we investigate using the Chemical Abundance Ratio Distributions (CARDs) of seven stellar halos from the Latte suite of FIRE-2 simulations. We attempt to infer galaxies' assembly histories by modelling the CARDs of the stellar halos of the Latte galaxies as a linear combination of template CARDs from disrupted dwarfs, with different stellar masses $M_{\\star}$ and quenching times $t_{100}$. We present a method for constructing these templates using present-day dwarf galaxies. For four of the seven Latte halos studied in this work, we recover the mass spectrum of accreted dwarfs to a precision of $<10\\%$. For the fraction of mass accreted as a function of $t_{100}$, we find residuals of $20-30\\%$ for five of the seven simulations. We discuss the failure modes of this method, which arise from the diversity of star formation and chemical enrichment histories dwarf galaxies can take. These failure cases can be robustly identified by the high model residuals. Though the CARDs modeling method does not successfully infer the assembly histories in these cases, the CARDs of these disrupted dwarfs contain signatures of their unusual formation histories. Our results are promising for using CARDs to learn more about the histories of the progenitors of the MW and M31 stellar halos.")
+                                .withField(StandardField.EPRINT, "2110.02957")
+                                .withField(StandardField.FILE, ":http\\://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.02957v1:PDF")
+                                .withField(StandardField.EPRINTTYPE, "arXiv")
+                                .withField(StandardField.EPRINTCLASS, "astro-ph.GA")
+                                .withField(StandardField.KEYWORDS, "astro-ph.GA"),
+                        "arXiv:2110.02957"
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "performSearchByIdReturnsCorrectEntryForIacrEprintId",
+                        new BibEntry(StandardEntryType.Misc)
+                                .withField(StandardField.ABSTRACT, "The decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin has experienced great success but also encountered many challenges. One of the challenges has been the long confirmation time. Another challenge is the lack of incentives at certain steps of the protocol, raising concerns for transaction withholding, selfish mining, etc. To address these challenges, we propose Solida, a decentralized blockchain protocol based on reconfigurable Byzantine consensus augmented by proof-of-work. Solida improves on Bitcoin in confirmation time,  and provides safety  and liveness assuming the adversary control less than (roughly) one-third of the total mining power.\n")
+                                .withField(StandardField.AUTHOR, "Ittai Abraham and Dahlia Malkhi and Kartik Nayak and Ling Ren and Alexander Spiegelman")
+                                .withField(StandardField.DATE, "2017-11-18")
+                                .withField(StandardField.HOWPUBLISHED, "Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2017/1118")
+                                .withField(StandardField.NOTE, "\\url{https://ia.cr/2017/1118}")
+                                .withField(StandardField.TITLE, "Solida: A Blockchain Protocol Based on Reconfigurable Byzantine Consensus")
+                                .withField(StandardField.URL, "https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/1118/20171124:064527")
+                                .withField(StandardField.VERSION, "20171124:064527")
+                                .withField(StandardField.YEAR, "2017")
+                                .withCitationKey("cryptoeprint:2017:1118"),
+                        "2017/1118"
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "performSearchByIdReturnsCorrectEntryForIsbnId",
+                        new BibEntry(StandardEntryType.Book)
+                                .withField(StandardField.TITLE, "Effective Java")
+                                .withField(StandardField.PUBLISHER, "Addison Wesley")
+                                .withField(StandardField.YEAR, "2018")
+                                .withField(StandardField.AUTHOR, "Bloch, Joshua")
+                                .withField(StandardField.DATE, "2018-01-01")
+                                .withField(new UnknownField("ean"), "9780134685991")
+                                .withField(StandardField.ISBN, "0134685997")
+                                .withField(StandardField.URL, "https://www.ebook.de/de/product/28983211/joshua_bloch_effective_java.html")
+                                .withCitationKey("9780134685991"),
+                        "9780134685991"
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "performSearchByIdReturnsCorrectEntryForDoiId",
+                        new BibEntry(StandardEntryType.Book)
+                                .withField(StandardField.TITLE, "Java{\\textregistered} For Dummies{\\textregistered}")
+                                .withField(StandardField.PUBLISHER, "Wiley Publishing, Inc.")
+                                .withField(StandardField.YEAR, "2011")
+                                .withField(StandardField.AUTHOR, "Barry Burd")
+                                .withField(StandardField.MONTH, "jul")
+                                .withField(StandardField.DOI, "10.1002/9781118257517")
+                                .withCitationKey("2011"),
+                        "10.1002/9781118257517"
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() throws Exception {
+        ImportFormatPreferences importFormatPreferences = mock(ImportFormatPreferences.class);
+        FieldContentFormatterPreferences fieldContentFormatterPreferences = mock(FieldContentFormatterPreferences.class);
+        when(importFormatPreferences.getFieldContentFormatterPreferences()).thenReturn(fieldContentFormatterPreferences);
+        compositeIdFetcher = new CompositeIdFetcher(importFormatPreferences);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = "arZiv:2110.02957")
+    void performSearchByIdReturnsEmptyForInvalidId(String groundInvalidArXivId) throws FetcherException {
+        assertEquals(Optional.empty(), compositeIdFetcher.performSearchById(groundInvalidArXivId));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{index} {0}")
+    @MethodSource("provideTestData")
+    void performSearchByIdReturnsCorrectEntryForIdentifier(String name, BibEntry bibEntry, String identifier) throws FetcherException {
+        assertEquals(Optional.of(bibEntry), compositeIdFetcher.performSearchById(identifier));
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/jabref/model/entry/identifier/IacrEprintTest.java b/src/test/java/org/jabref/model/entry/identifier/IacrEprintTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff0e55d67c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/jabref/model/entry/identifier/IacrEprintTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package org.jabref.model.entry.identifier;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+public class IacrEprintTest {
+
+    private static Stream<Arguments> provideTestData() {
+        return Stream.of(
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "acceptPlainIacrEprint",
+                        "2019/001"
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "ignoreLeadingAndTrailingWhitespaces",
+                        " 2019/001   "
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "acceptFullUrlIacrEprint",
+                        "https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/001"
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "acceptShortenedUrlIacrEprint",
+                        "https://ia.cr/2019/001"
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "acceptDomainUrlIacrEprint",
+                        "eprint.iacr.org/2019/001"
+                ),
+                Arguments.arguments(
+                        "acceptShortenedDomainUrlIacrEprint",
+                        "ia.cr/2019/001"
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rejectInvalidIacrEprint() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new IacrEprint("2021/12"));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{index} {0}")
+    @MethodSource("provideTestData")
+    public void acceptCorrectIacrEprintIdentifier(String name, String identifier) {
+        assertEquals("2019/001", new IacrEprint(identifier).getNormalized());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void constructValidIacrEprintUrl() {
+        assertEquals("https://ia.cr/2019/001", new IacrEprint("2019/001").getAsciiUrl());
+    }
+
+}