[K/N] Add debugCompilationDir option akin to -fdebug-compilation-dir

When using -Xdebug-prefix-map in K/N, Apple's linker (ld-prime) seems
to discard the produced debug information because of the empty
DW_AT_comp_dir value.

To mitigate that, there should be a way to modify this value.

This commit adds -Xbinary=debugCompilationDir=$dir option, similar
to -fdebug-compilation-dir in Clang. The compiler propagates the
specified value to DW_AT_comp_dir.

^KT-73306 Fixed

kotlin-native/backend.native/compiler/ir/backend.native/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/konan/BinaryOptions.kt

@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ object BinaryOptions : BinaryOptionRegistry() {
     val preCodegenInlineThreshold by uintOption()
 
     val enableDebugTransparentStepping by booleanOption()
+
+    val debugCompilationDir by stringOption()
 }
 
 open class BinaryOption<T : Any>(

kotlin-native/backend.native/compiler/ir/backend.native/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/konan/llvm/DebugUtils.kt

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ internal class DebugInfo(override val generationState: NativeGenerationState) :
                 // we don't split path to filename and directory to provide enough level uniquely for dsymutil to avoid symbol
                 // clashing, which happens on linking with libraries produced from intercepting sources.
                 File = path.path(),
-                dir = "",
+                dir = config.configuration.get(BinaryOptions.debugCompilationDir) ?: "",
                 producer = DWARF.producer,
                 isOptimized = 0,
                 flags = "",