diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index be8a05d302d0..68038762991d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
 - Allow configuring Labels for data planes to provide metadata information.
   Labels are only compatible with hybrid mode deployments with Kong Konnect (SaaS)
   [#10471](https://github.com/Kong/kong/pull/10471)
+- Add Postgres triggers on the core entites and entities in bundled plugins to delete the
+  expired rows in an efficient and timely manner.
+  [#10389](https://github.com/Kong/kong/pull/10389)
 
 #### Admin API
 
@@ -162,6 +165,11 @@
   [#10405](https://github.com/Kong/kong/pull/10405)
 - Postgres TTL cleanup timer now runs a batch delete loop on each ttl enabled table with a number of 50.000 rows per batch.
   [#10407](https://github.com/Kong/kong/pull/10407)
+- Postgres TTL cleanup timer now runs every 5 minutes instead of every 60 seconds.
+  [#10389](https://github.com/Kong/kong/pull/10389)
+- Postgres TTL cleanup timer now deletes expired rows based on database server-side timestamp to avoid potential
+  problems caused by the difference of clock time between Kong and database server.
+  [#10389](https://github.com/Kong/kong/pull/10389)
 
 #### PDK
 
diff --git a/kong-3.2.1-0.rockspec b/kong-3.2.1-0.rockspec
index 021acd428fe2..bcdebe6f7c95 100644
--- a/kong-3.2.1-0.rockspec
+++ b/kong-3.2.1-0.rockspec
@@ -293,6 +293,7 @@ build = {
     ["kong.plugins.key-auth.migrations.000_base_key_auth"] = "kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/000_base_key_auth.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.key-auth.migrations.002_130_to_140"] = "kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/002_130_to_140.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.key-auth.migrations.003_200_to_210"] = "kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/003_200_to_210.lua",
+    ["kong.plugins.key-auth.migrations.004_320_to_330"] = "kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/004_320_to_330.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.key-auth.handler"] = "kong/plugins/key-auth/handler.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.key-auth.schema"] = "kong/plugins/key-auth/schema.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.key-auth.daos"] = "kong/plugins/key-auth/daos.lua",
@@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ build = {
     ["kong.plugins.oauth2.migrations.003_130_to_140"] = "kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/003_130_to_140.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.oauth2.migrations.004_200_to_210"] = "kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/004_200_to_210.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.oauth2.migrations.005_210_to_211"] = "kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/005_210_to_211.lua",
+    ["kong.plugins.oauth2.migrations.006_320_to_330"] = "kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/006_320_to_330.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.oauth2.handler"] = "kong/plugins/oauth2/handler.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.oauth2.secret"] = "kong/plugins/oauth2/secret.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.oauth2.access"] = "kong/plugins/oauth2/access.lua",
@@ -327,6 +329,7 @@ build = {
     ["kong.plugins.rate-limiting.migrations.000_base_rate_limiting"] = "kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/000_base_rate_limiting.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.rate-limiting.migrations.003_10_to_112"] = "kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/003_10_to_112.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.rate-limiting.migrations.004_200_to_210"] = "kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/004_200_to_210.lua",
+    ["kong.plugins.rate-limiting.migrations.005_320_to_330"] = "kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/005_320_to_330.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.rate-limiting.expiration"] = "kong/plugins/rate-limiting/expiration.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.rate-limiting.handler"] = "kong/plugins/rate-limiting/handler.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.rate-limiting.schema"] = "kong/plugins/rate-limiting/schema.lua",
@@ -443,6 +446,7 @@ build = {
     ["kong.plugins.acme.handler"] = "kong/plugins/acme/handler.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.acme.migrations.000_base_acme"] = "kong/plugins/acme/migrations/000_base_acme.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.acme.migrations.001_280_to_300"] = "kong/plugins/acme/migrations/001_280_to_300.lua",
+    ["kong.plugins.acme.migrations.002_320_to_330"] = "kong/plugins/acme/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.acme.migrations"] = "kong/plugins/acme/migrations/init.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.acme.schema"] = "kong/plugins/acme/schema.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.acme.storage.kong"] = "kong/plugins/acme/storage/kong.lua",
@@ -464,6 +468,7 @@ build = {
     ["kong.plugins.session.storage.kong"] = "kong/plugins/session/storage/kong.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.session.migrations.000_base_session"] = "kong/plugins/session/migrations/000_base_session.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.session.migrations.001_add_ttl_index"] = "kong/plugins/session/migrations/001_add_ttl_index.lua",
+    ["kong.plugins.session.migrations.002_320_to_330"] = "kong/plugins/session/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua",
     ["kong.plugins.session.migrations"] = "kong/plugins/session/migrations/init.lua",
 
     ["kong.plugins.proxy-cache.handler"]              = "kong/plugins/proxy-cache/handler.lua",
diff --git a/kong/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330.lua b/kong/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330.lua
index f512b146ac2a..bb9b2e70ec95 100644
--- a/kong/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330.lua
+++ b/kong/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330.lua
@@ -16,7 +16,41 @@ return {
             -- Do nothing, accept existing state
           END;
       $$;
-    ]]
+
+      CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION batch_delete_expired_rows() RETURNS trigger
+      LANGUAGE plpgsql
+      AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          EXECUTE FORMAT('WITH rows AS (SELECT ctid FROM %s WHERE %s < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE ''UTC'' ORDER BY %s LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED) DELETE FROM %s WHERE ctid IN (TABLE rows)', TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_ARGV[0], TG_ARGV[0], TG_TABLE_NAME);
+          RETURN NULL;
+        END;
+      $$;
+
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "cluster_events_ttl_trigger" ON "cluster_events";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "cluster_events_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "cluster_events"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("expire_at");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+
+
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "clustering_data_planes_ttl_trigger" ON "clustering_data_planes";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "clustering_data_planes_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "clustering_data_planes"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("ttl");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+    ]],
   },
 
   cassandra = {
diff --git a/kong/db/strategies/postgres/connector.lua b/kong/db/strategies/postgres/connector.lua
index 2f6c22319791..5a9aa70e8819 100644
--- a/kong/db/strategies/postgres/connector.lua
+++ b/kong/db/strategies/postgres/connector.lua
@@ -332,11 +332,11 @@ function _mt:init_worker(strategies)
     WITH rows AS (
   SELECT ctid
     FROM %s
-   WHERE %s < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+   WHERE %s < TO_TIMESTAMP(%s) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
 ORDER BY %s LIMIT 50000 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED)
   DELETE
     FROM %s
-   WHERE ctid IN (TABLE rows);]], table_name_escaped, column_name, column_name, table_name_escaped):gsub("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", "TO_TIMESTAMP(%%s)")
+   WHERE ctid IN (TABLE rows);]], table_name_escaped, column_name, "%s", column_name, table_name_escaped)
     end
 
     return timer_every(self.config.ttl_cleanup_interval, function(premature)
@@ -344,12 +344,24 @@ ORDER BY %s LIMIT 50000 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED)
         return
       end
 
+      -- Fetch the end timestamp from database to avoid problems caused by the difference
+      -- between nodes and database time.
+      local cleanup_end_timestamp
+      local ok, err = self:query("SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') AS NOW;")
+      if not ok then
+        log(WARN, "unable to fetch current timestamp from PostgreSQL database (",
+                  err, ")")
+        return
+      end
+
+      cleanup_end_timestamp = ok[1]["now"]
+
       for i, statement in ipairs(cleanup_statements) do
-        local cleanup_start_time = self:escape_literal(tonumber(fmt("%.3f", now_updated())))
+        local _tracing_cleanup_start_time = now()
 
         while true do -- batch delete looping
-          -- avoid using CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in the real query to prevent infinite loop
-          local ok, err = self:query(fmt(statement, cleanup_start_time))
+          -- using the server-side timestamp in the whole loop to prevent infinite loop
+          local ok, err = self:query(fmt(statement, cleanup_end_timestamp))
           if not ok then
             if err then
               log(WARN, "unable to clean expired rows from table '",
@@ -368,8 +380,8 @@ ORDER BY %s LIMIT 50000 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED)
           end
         end
 
-        local cleanup_end_time = now_updated()
-        local time_elapsed = tonumber(fmt("%.3f", cleanup_end_time - cleanup_start_time))
+        local _tracing_cleanup_end_time = now()
+        local time_elapsed = tonumber(fmt("%.3f", _tracing_cleanup_end_time - _tracing_cleanup_start_time))
         log(DEBUG, "cleaning up expired rows from table '", table_names[i],
                    "' took ", time_elapsed, " seconds")
       end
@@ -947,7 +959,7 @@ function _M.new(kong_config)
     --- not used directly by pgmoon, but used internally in connector to set the keepalive timeout
     keepalive_timeout = kong_config.pg_keepalive_timeout,
     --- non user-faced parameters
-    ttl_cleanup_interval = kong_config._debug_pg_ttl_cleanup_interval or 60,
+    ttl_cleanup_interval = kong_config._debug_pg_ttl_cleanup_interval or 300,
   }
 
   local refs = kong_config["$refs"]
diff --git a/kong/plugins/acme/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua b/kong/plugins/acme/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..634778af4e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kong/plugins/acme/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+return {
+  postgres = {
+    up = [[
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "acme_storage_ttl_trigger" ON "acme_storage";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "acme_storage_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "acme_storage"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("ttl");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+    ]],
+  },
+  cassandra = {
+    up = "",
+  }
+}
diff --git a/kong/plugins/acme/migrations/init.lua b/kong/plugins/acme/migrations/init.lua
index 1745666a43c9..bb8bb45beb45 100644
--- a/kong/plugins/acme/migrations/init.lua
+++ b/kong/plugins/acme/migrations/init.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 return {
   "000_base_acme",
   "001_280_to_300",
+  "002_320_to_330",
 }
diff --git a/kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/004_320_to_330.lua b/kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/004_320_to_330.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55aee17b5ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/004_320_to_330.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+return {
+  postgres = {
+    up = [[
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "keyauth_credentials_ttl_trigger" ON "keyauth_credentials";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "keyauth_credentials_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "keyauth_credentials"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("ttl");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+    ]],
+  },
+  cassandra = {
+    up = [[]],
+  }
+}
diff --git a/kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/init.lua b/kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/init.lua
index e2904a85ae75..11bc63b53db3 100644
--- a/kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/init.lua
+++ b/kong/plugins/key-auth/migrations/init.lua
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ return {
   "000_base_key_auth",
   "002_130_to_140",
   "003_200_to_210",
+  "004_320_to_330",
 }
diff --git a/kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/006_320_to_330.lua b/kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/006_320_to_330.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78404872e796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/006_320_to_330.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+return {
+  postgres = {
+    up = [[
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "oauth2_authorization_codes_ttl_trigger" ON "oauth2_authorization_codes";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "oauth2_authorization_codes_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "oauth2_authorization_codes"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("ttl");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+
+
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "oauth2_tokens_ttl_trigger" ON "oauth2_tokens";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "oauth2_tokens_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "oauth2_tokens"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("ttl");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+    ]],
+  },
+  cassandra = {
+    up = [[]],
+  }
+}
diff --git a/kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/init.lua b/kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/init.lua
index 287a19e9c5eb..fe6bd04bf0a4 100644
--- a/kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/init.lua
+++ b/kong/plugins/oauth2/migrations/init.lua
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ return {
   "003_130_to_140",
   "004_200_to_210",
   "005_210_to_211",
+  "006_320_to_330",
 }
diff --git a/kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/005_320_to_330.lua b/kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/005_320_to_330.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a175e709562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/005_320_to_330.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+return {
+  postgres = {
+    up = [[
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "ratelimiting_metrics_ttl_trigger" ON "ratelimiting_metrics";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "ratelimiting_metrics_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "ratelimiting_metrics"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("ttl");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+    ]],
+  },
+
+  cassandra = {
+    up = [[
+    ]],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/init.lua b/kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/init.lua
index f0465556a5b2..74c3d402d1e8 100644
--- a/kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/init.lua
+++ b/kong/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/init.lua
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ return {
   "000_base_rate_limiting",
   "003_10_to_112",
   "004_200_to_210",
+  "005_320_to_330",
 }
diff --git a/kong/plugins/session/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua b/kong/plugins/session/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cd8398f0838e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kong/plugins/session/migrations/002_320_to_330.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+return {
+  postgres = {
+    up = [[
+      DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "sessions_ttl_trigger" ON "sessions";
+
+      DO $$
+      BEGIN
+        CREATE TRIGGER "sessions_ttl_trigger"
+        AFTER INSERT ON "sessions"
+        FOR EACH STATEMENT
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE batch_delete_expired_rows("ttl");
+      EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_COLUMN OR UNDEFINED_TABLE THEN
+        -- Do nothing, accept existing state
+      END$$;
+    ]],
+  },
+
+  cassandra = {
+    up = [[]],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/kong/plugins/session/migrations/init.lua b/kong/plugins/session/migrations/init.lua
index a2d95bc5e46a..71910b2e7551 100644
--- a/kong/plugins/session/migrations/init.lua
+++ b/kong/plugins/session/migrations/init.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 return {
   "000_base_session",
   "001_add_ttl_index",
+  "002_320_to_330",
 }
diff --git a/kong/templates/kong_defaults.lua b/kong/templates/kong_defaults.lua
index 215914662d2f..e8f198495ea2 100644
--- a/kong/templates/kong_defaults.lua
+++ b/kong/templates/kong_defaults.lua
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ pg_semaphore_timeout = 60000
 pg_keepalive_timeout = NONE
 pg_pool_size = NONE
 pg_backlog = NONE
-_debug_pg_ttl_cleanup_interval = 60
+_debug_pg_ttl_cleanup_interval = 300
 
 pg_ro_host = NONE
 pg_ro_port = NONE
diff --git a/spec/05-migration/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330_spec.lua b/spec/05-migration/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330_spec.lua
index cf6e9e6f7ab6..718ee7835198 100644
--- a/spec/05-migration/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330_spec.lua
+++ b/spec/05-migration/db/migrations/core/019_320_to_330_spec.lua
@@ -12,4 +12,11 @@ describe("database migration", function()
       assert.table_has_column("workspaces", "updated_at", "timestamp with time zone", "timestamp")
       assert.table_has_column("clustering_data_planes", "updated_at", "timestamp with time zone", "timestamp")
     end)
+
+    if uh.database_type() == "postgres" then
+      uh.all_phases("has created the expected triggers", function ()
+        assert.database_has_trigger("cluster_events_ttl_trigger")
+        assert.database_has_trigger("clustering_data_planes_ttl_trigger")
+      end)
+    end
 end)
diff --git a/spec/05-migration/plugins/acme/migrations/002_320_to_330_spec.lua b/spec/05-migration/plugins/acme/migrations/002_320_to_330_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a891246cf86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/05-migration/plugins/acme/migrations/002_320_to_330_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+local uh = require "spec/upgrade_helpers"
+
+describe("database migration", function ()
+  if uh.database_type() == "postgres" then
+    uh.all_phases("has created the expected triggers", function ()
+      assert.database_has_trigger("acme_storage_ttl_trigger")
+    end)
+  end
+end)
diff --git a/spec/05-migration/plugins/key-auth/migrations/004_320_to_330_spec.lua b/spec/05-migration/plugins/key-auth/migrations/004_320_to_330_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70a5c92bc0d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/05-migration/plugins/key-auth/migrations/004_320_to_330_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+local uh = require "spec/upgrade_helpers"
+
+describe("database migration", function ()
+  if uh.database_type() == "postgres" then
+    uh.all_phases("has created the expected triggers", function ()
+      assert.database_has_trigger("keyauth_credentials_ttl_trigger")
+    end)
+  end
+end)
diff --git a/spec/05-migration/plugins/oauth2/migrations/006_320_to_330_spec.lua b/spec/05-migration/plugins/oauth2/migrations/006_320_to_330_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55c0d3451ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/05-migration/plugins/oauth2/migrations/006_320_to_330_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+local uh = require "spec/upgrade_helpers"
+
+describe("database migration", function ()
+  if uh.database_type() == "postgres" then
+    uh.all_phases("has created the expected triggers", function ()
+      assert.database_has_trigger("oauth2_authorization_codes_ttl_trigger")
+      assert.database_has_trigger("oauth2_tokens_ttl_trigger")
+    end)
+  end
+end)
diff --git a/spec/05-migration/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/005_320_to_330_spec.lua b/spec/05-migration/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/005_320_to_330_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fc3bb0a21043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/05-migration/plugins/rate-limiting/migrations/005_320_to_330_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+local uh = require "spec/upgrade_helpers"
+
+describe("database migration", function ()
+  if uh.database_type() == "postgres" then
+    uh.all_phases("has created the expected triggers", function ()
+      assert.database_has_trigger("ratelimiting_metrics_ttl_trigger")
+    end)
+  end
+end)
diff --git a/spec/05-migration/plugins/session/migrations/002_320_to_330_spec.lua b/spec/05-migration/plugins/session/migrations/002_320_to_330_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c233db6c510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/05-migration/plugins/session/migrations/002_320_to_330_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+local uh = require "spec/upgrade_helpers"
+
+describe("database migration", function ()
+  if uh.database_type() == "postgres" then
+    uh.all_phases("has created the expected triggers", function ()
+      assert.database_has_trigger("sessions_ttl_trigger")
+    end)
+  end
+end)
diff --git a/spec/upgrade_helpers.lua b/spec/upgrade_helpers.lua
index 09edf20956cf..0a697d4a1f55 100644
--- a/spec/upgrade_helpers.lua
+++ b/spec/upgrade_helpers.lua
@@ -19,6 +19,35 @@ local function get_database()
   return db
 end
 
+local function database_has_trigger(state, arguments)
+  local trigger_name = arguments[1]
+  local db = get_database()
+  local res, err
+  if database_type() == 'cassandra' then
+    res, err = db.connector:query(string.format(
+        "select *"
+        .. " from system_schema.triggers"
+        .. " where trigger_name = '%s'",
+        trigger_name))
+  elseif database_type() == 'postgres' then
+    res, err = db.connector:query(string.format(
+        "select true"
+        .. " from pg_trigger"
+        .. " where tgname = '%s'",
+        trigger_name))
+  else
+    return false
+  end
+  if err then
+    return false
+  end
+  return not(not(res[1]))
+end
+
+say:set("assertion.database_has_trigger.positive", "Expected database to have trigger %s")
+say:set("assertion.database_has_trigger.negative", "Expected database not to have trigger %s")
+assert:register("assertion", "database_has_trigger", database_has_trigger, "assertion.database_has_trigger.positive", "assertion.database_has_trigger.negative")
+
 local function table_has_column(state, arguments)
   local table = arguments[1]
   local column_name = arguments[2]