Rollup merge of rust-lang#22256 - brson:installer-next, r=alexcrichton

 Highlights:

* Adds an 'uninstall.sh' script to `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`, the path to which is printed during installation.
* Components can be deselected during install, like `install.sh --without=rust-docs`.
* Components can be listed with `install.sh --list-components`.
* Vastly reduces spew during install (but supporting a `--verbose` option).

Typicall install run looks like:

```
brian@brianX1:~/dev/multirust⟫ sudo ./install.sh
[sudo] password for brian:
install: creating uninstall script at /usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh
install: installing component 'rustc'
install: installing component 'cargo'
install: installing component 'rust-docs'

    Rust is ready to roll.
```

Needs to be merged right before corresponding PRs to cargo and rust-packaging.

Fixes rust-lang#21117
Fixes rust-lang#20283

README.md

@@ -5,16 +5,10 @@ documentation.
 
 ## Quick Start
 
-1. Download a [binary installer][installer] for your platform.
-2. Read [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
-3. Enjoy!
+Read ["Installing Rust"][install] from [The Book][trpl].
 
-> ***Note:*** Windows users can read the detailed
-> [using Rust on Windows][win-wiki] notes on the wiki.
-
-[installer]: http://www.rust-lang.org/install.html
+[install]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/installing-rust.html
 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
-[win-wiki]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/wiki/Using-Rust-on-Windows
 
 ## Building from Source
 
@@ -52,8 +46,6 @@ documentation.
     When complete, `make install` will place several programs into
     `/usr/local/bin`: `rustc`, the Rust compiler, and `rustdoc`, the
     API-documentation tool.
-3. Read [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
-4. Enjoy!
 
 ### Building on Windows
 
@@ -81,7 +73,6 @@ $ pacman -S base-devel
 
 [repo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust
 [tarball]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rustc-nightly-src.tar.gz
-[trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
 
 ## Notes
 

mk/dist.mk

@@ -109,8 +109,6 @@ distcheck-tar-src: dist-tar-src
 # Unix binary installer tarballs
 ######################################################################
 
-NON_INSTALLED_PREFIXES=COPYRIGHT,LICENSE-APACHE,LICENSE-MIT,README.md,version
-
 define DEF_INSTALLER
 
 $$(eval $$(call DEF_PREPARE,dir-$(1)))
@@ -124,19 +122,23 @@ dist-install-dir-$(1): PREPARE_LIB_CMD=$(DEFAULT_PREPARE_LIB_CMD)
 dist-install-dir-$(1): PREPARE_MAN_CMD=$(DEFAULT_PREPARE_MAN_CMD)
 dist-install-dir-$(1): PREPARE_CLEAN=true
 dist-install-dir-$(1): prepare-base-dir-$(1) docs compiler-docs
-	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)COPYRIGHT $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)
-	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)LICENSE-APACHE $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)
-	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)LICENSE-MIT $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)
-	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)README.md $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)
 	$$(Q)mkdir -p $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)/share/doc/rust
 	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)COPYRIGHT $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)/share/doc/rust
 	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)LICENSE-APACHE $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)/share/doc/rust
 	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)LICENSE-MIT $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)/share/doc/rust
 	$$(Q)$$(PREPARE_MAN_CMD) $$(S)README.md $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)/share/doc/rust
+
+prepare-overlay-$(1):
+	$$(Q)rm -Rf tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay
+	$$(Q)mkdir -p tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay
+	$$(Q)cp $$(S)COPYRIGHT tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay/
+	$$(Q)cp $$(S)LICENSE-APACHE tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay/
+	$$(Q)cp $$(S)LICENSE-MIT tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay/
+	$$(Q)cp $$(S)README.md tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay/
 # This tiny morsel of metadata is used by rust-packaging
-	$$(Q)echo "$(CFG_VERSION)" > $$(PREPARE_DEST_DIR)/version
+	$$(Q)echo "$(CFG_VERSION)" > tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay/version
 
-dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1).tar.gz: dist-install-dir-$(1)
+dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1).tar.gz: dist-install-dir-$(1) prepare-overlay-$(1)
 	@$(call E, build: $$@)
 # Copy essential gcc components into installer
 ifdef CFG_WINDOWSY_$(1)
@@ -146,13 +148,12 @@ ifdef CFG_WINDOWSY_$(1)
 endif
 	$$(Q)$$(S)src/rust-installer/gen-installer.sh \
 		--product-name=Rust \
-		--verify-bin=rustc \
 		--rel-manifest-dir=rustlib \
 		--success-message=Rust-is-ready-to-roll. \
 		--image-dir=tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-image \
 		--work-dir=tmp/dist \
 		--output-dir=dist \
-		--non-installed-prefixes=$$(NON_INSTALLED_PREFIXES) \
+		--non-installed-overlay=tmp/dist/$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1)-overlay \
 		--package-name=$$(PKG_NAME)-$(1) \
 		--component-name=rustc \
 		--legacy-manifest-dirs=rustlib,cargo

src/doc/trpl/installing-rust.md

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ installer](https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-nightly-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu.
 and run it.
 
 If you decide you don't want Rust anymore, we'll be a bit sad, but that's okay.
-Not every programming language is great for everyone. Just pass an argument to
-the script:
+Not every programming language is great for everyone. Just run the uninstall
+script:
 
 ```bash
-$ curl -s https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh | sudo sh -s -- --uninstall
+$ sudo /usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh
 ```
 
 If you used the Windows installer, just re-run the `.exe` and it will give you