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What You Will Learn during this Step:

  • A Deep Dive into Autoconfiguration
  • spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.4.0.RELEASE.jar
  • /META-INF/spring.factories
  • Package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure
  • Lets look at the log in debug mode!
  • Examples
  • JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration
  • HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration
  • Programming Tips
  • Understand Design Patterns
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vp7q_pE7Fzg
  • Understand Modern Development Practices
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Kqzfyp-w4s

Useful Snippets and References

        String[] beanNames = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        Arrays.sort(beanNames);

        for (String beanName : beanNames) {
            System.out.println(beanName);
        }

Files List

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.in28minutes.springboot</groupId>
	<artifactId>first-springboot-project</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
			<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-data-rest-hal-browser</artifactId>
		</dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/Application.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext ctx = SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);

	}

	@Profile("prod")
	@Bean
	public String dummy() {
		return "something";
	}
}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/configuration/BasicConfiguration.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.configuration;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("basic")
public class BasicConfiguration {
	private boolean value;
	private String message;
	private int number;

	public boolean isValue() {
		return value;
	}

	public void setValue(boolean value) {
		this.value = value;
	}

	public String getMessage() {
		return message;
	}

	public void setMessage(String message) {
		this.message = message;
	}

	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}

	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}
}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/controller/SurveyController.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.controller;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.ServletUriComponentsBuilder;

import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Question;
import com.in28minutes.springboot.service.SurveyService;

@RestController
class SurveyController {
	@Autowired
	private SurveyService surveyService;

	@GetMapping("/surveys/{surveyId}/questions")
	public List<Question> retrieveQuestions(@PathVariable String surveyId) {
		return surveyService.retrieveQuestions(surveyId);
	}

	// GET "/surveys/{surveyId}/questions/{questionId}"
	@GetMapping("/surveys/{surveyId}/questions/{questionId}")
	public Question retrieveDetailsForQuestion(@PathVariable String surveyId,
			@PathVariable String questionId) {
		return surveyService.retrieveQuestion(surveyId, questionId);
	}

	// /surveys/{surveyId}/questions
	@PostMapping("/surveys/{surveyId}/questions")
	public ResponseEntity<Void> addQuestionToSurvey(
			@PathVariable String surveyId, @RequestBody Question newQuestion) {

		Question question = surveyService.addQuestion(surveyId, newQuestion);

		if (question == null)
			return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();

		// Success - URI of the new resource in Response Header
		// Status - created
		// URI -> /surveys/{surveyId}/questions/{questionId}
		// question.getQuestionId()
		URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest().path(
				"/{id}").buildAndExpand(question.getId()).toUri();

		// Status
		return ResponseEntity.created(location).build();
	}

}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/jpa/User.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.jpa;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class User {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	private Long id;

	private String name;
	private String role;

	protected User() {
	}

	public User(String name, String role) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.role = role;
	}

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public String getRole() {
		return role;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", role=" + role + "]";
	}

}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/jpa/UserCommandLineRunner.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.jpa;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class UserCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {

	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory
			.getLogger(UserCommandLineRunner.class);

	@Autowired
	private UserRepository repository;

	@Override
	public void run(String... args) throws Exception {

		repository.save(new User("Ranga", "Admin"));
		repository.save(new User("Ravi", "User"));
		repository.save(new User("Satish", "Admin"));
		repository.save(new User("Raghu", "User"));

		for (User user : repository.findAll()) {
			log.info(user.toString());
		}

		log.info("Admin users are.....");
		log.info("____________________");
		for (User user : repository.findByRole("Admin")) {
			log.info(user.toString());
		}

	}

}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/jpa/UserRepository.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.jpa;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
	List<User> findByRole(String role);
}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/jpa/UserRestRepository.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.jpa;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import org.springframework.data.rest.core.annotation.RepositoryRestResource;

@RepositoryRestResource(path = "users", collectionResourceRel = "users")
public interface UserRestRepository extends
		PagingAndSortingRepository<User, Long> {
	List<User> findByRole(@Param("role") String role);
}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/model/Question.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.model;

import java.util.List;

public class Question {
	private String id;
	private String description;
	private String correctAnswer;
	private List<String> options;

	// Needed by Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException:
	// Can not construct instance of com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Question:
	// no suitable constructor found, can not deserialize from Object value
	// (missing default constructor or creator, or perhaps need to add/enable
	// type information?)
	public Question() {

	}

	public Question(String id, String description, String correctAnswer,
			List<String> options) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.description = description;
		this.correctAnswer = correctAnswer;
		this.options = options;
	}

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	public String getCorrectAnswer() {
		return correctAnswer;
	}

	public List<String> getOptions() {
		return options;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return String
				.format("Question [id=%s, description=%s, correctAnswer=%s, options=%s]",
						id, description, correctAnswer, options);
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		Question other = (Question) obj;
		if (id == null) {
			if (other.id != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!id.equals(other.id))
			return false;
		return true;
	}

}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/model/Survey.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.model;

import java.util.List;

public class Survey {
	private String id;
	private String title;
	private String description;
	private List<Question> questions;

	public Survey(String id, String title, String description,
			List<Question> questions) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.title = title;
		this.description = description;
		this.questions = questions;
	}

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}

	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	public void setDescription(String description) {
		this.description = description;
	}

	public List<Question> getQuestions() {
		return questions;
	}

	public void setQuestions(List<Question> questions) {
		this.questions = questions;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Survey [id=" + id + ", title=" + title + ", description="
				+ description + ", questions=" + questions + "]";
	}

}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/security/SecurityConfig.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.security;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
	// Authentication : User --> Roles
	protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)
			throws Exception {
		auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("user1").password("secret1")
				.roles("USER").and().withUser("admin1").password("secret1")
				.roles("USER", "ADMIN");
	}

	// Authorization : Role -> Access
	// survey -> USER
	protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		http.httpBasic().and().authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/surveys/**")
				.hasRole("USER").antMatchers("/users/**").hasRole("USER")
				.antMatchers("/**").hasRole("ADMIN").and().csrf().disable()
				.headers().frameOptions().disable();
	}

}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/service/SurveyService.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.service;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Question;
import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Survey;

@Component
public class SurveyService {
	private static List<Survey> surveys = new ArrayList<>();
	static {
		Question question1 = new Question("Question1",
				"Largest Country in the World", "Russia", Arrays.asList(
						"India", "Russia", "United States", "China"));
		Question question2 = new Question("Question2",
				"Most Populus Country in the World", "China", Arrays.asList(
						"India", "Russia", "United States", "China"));
		Question question3 = new Question("Question3",
				"Highest GDP in the World", "United States", Arrays.asList(
						"India", "Russia", "United States", "China"));
		Question question4 = new Question("Question4",
				"Second largest english speaking country", "India", Arrays
						.asList("India", "Russia", "United States", "China"));

		List<Question> questions = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(question1,
				question2, question3, question4));

		Survey survey = new Survey("Survey1", "My Favorite Survey",
				"Description of the Survey", questions);

		surveys.add(survey);
	}

	public List<Survey> retrieveAllSurveys() {
		return surveys;
	}

	public Survey retrieveSurvey(String surveyId) {
		for (Survey survey : surveys) {
			if (survey.getId().equals(surveyId)) {
				return survey;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	public List<Question> retrieveQuestions(String surveyId) {
		Survey survey = retrieveSurvey(surveyId);

		if (survey == null) {
			return null;
		}

		return survey.getQuestions();
	}

	public Question retrieveQuestion(String surveyId, String questionId) {
		Survey survey = retrieveSurvey(surveyId);

		if (survey == null) {
			return null;
		}

		for (Question question : survey.getQuestions()) {
			if (question.getId().equals(questionId)) {
				return question;
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	private SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();

	public Question addQuestion(String surveyId, Question question) {
		Survey survey = retrieveSurvey(surveyId);

		if (survey == null) {
			return null;
		}

		String randomId = new BigInteger(130, random).toString(32);
		question.setId(randomId);

		survey.getQuestions().add(question);

		return question;
	}
}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/WelcomeController.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.in28minutes.springboot.configuration.BasicConfiguration;

@RestController
public class WelcomeController {

	//Auto wiring
	@Autowired
	private WelcomeService service;

	@Autowired
	private BasicConfiguration configuration;

	@RequestMapping("/welcome")
	public String welcome() {
		return service.retrieveWelcomeMessage();
	}

	@RequestMapping("/dynamic-configuration")
	public Map dynamicConfiguration() {
		Map map = new HashMap();
		map.put("message", configuration.getMessage());
		map.put("number", configuration.getNumber());
		map.put("value", configuration.isValue());

		return map;
	}

}

src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/WelcomeService.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

//Spring to manage this bean and create an instance of this
@Component
public class WelcomeService {

	@Value("${welcome.message}")
	private String welcomeMessage;

	public String retrieveWelcomeMessage() {
		//Complex Method
		return welcomeMessage;
	}
}

src/main/resources/application-dev.properties

logging.level.org.springframework: TRACE

src/main/resources/application-prod.properties

logging.level.org.springframework: INFO

src/main/resources/application.properties

logging.level.org.springframework: DEBUG
app.name=in28Minutes
welcome.message=Welcome message from property file! Welcome to ${app.name}

basic.value=true
basic.message=Welcome to in28minutes
basic.number=200

src/test/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/controller/SurveyControllerIT.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.controller;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.JSONAssert;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.codec.Base64;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.in28minutes.springboot.Application;
import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Question;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class,
		webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class SurveyControllerIT {

	@LocalServerPort
	private int port;

	TestRestTemplate restTemplate = new TestRestTemplate();

	HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

	@Before
	public void before() {
		headers.add("Authorization", createHttpAuthenticationHeaderValue(
				"user1", "secret1"));
		headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
	}

	@Test
	public void testRetrieveSurveyQuestion() {

		HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(null, headers);

		ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(
				createURLWithPort("/surveys/Survey1/questions/Question1"),
				HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class);

		String expected = "{id:Question1,description:Largest Country in the World,correctAnswer:Russia}";

		JSONAssert.assertEquals(expected, response.getBody(), false);
	}

	@Test
	public void retrieveAllSurveyQuestions() throws Exception {

		ResponseEntity<List<Question>> response = restTemplate.exchange(
				createURLWithPort("/surveys/Survey1/questions"),
				HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<String>("DUMMY_DOESNT_MATTER",
						headers),
				new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<Question>>() {
				});

		Question sampleQuestion = new Question("Question1",
				"Largest Country in the World", "Russia", Arrays.asList(
						"India", "Russia", "United States", "China"));

		assertTrue(response.getBody().contains(sampleQuestion));
	}

	@Test
	public void addQuestion() {

		Question question = new Question("DOESNTMATTER", "Question1", "Russia",
				Arrays.asList("India", "Russia", "United States", "China"));

		HttpEntity entity = new HttpEntity<Question>(question, headers);

		ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(
				createURLWithPort("/surveys/Survey1/questions"),
				HttpMethod.POST, entity, String.class);

		String actual = response.getHeaders().get(HttpHeaders.LOCATION).get(0);

		assertTrue(actual.contains("/surveys/Survey1/questions/"));

	}

	private String createURLWithPort(final String uri) {
		return "http://localhost:" + port + uri;
	}

	private String createHttpAuthenticationHeaderValue(String userId,
			String password) {

		String auth = userId + ":" + password;

		byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.encode(auth.getBytes(Charset
				.forName("US-ASCII")));

		String headerValue = "Basic " + new String(encodedAuth);

		return headerValue;
	}

}

src/test/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/controller/SurveyControllerTest.java

package com.in28minutes.springboot.controller;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.JSONAssert;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Question;
import com.in28minutes.springboot.service.SurveyService;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = SurveyController.class, secure = false)
public class SurveyControllerTest {

	@Autowired
	private MockMvc mockMvc;

	// Mock @Autowired
	@MockBean
	private SurveyService surveyService;

	@Test
	public void retrieveDetailsForQuestion() throws Exception {
		Question mockQuestion = new Question("Question1",
				"Largest Country in the World", "Russia", Arrays.asList(
						"India", "Russia", "United States", "China"));

		Mockito.when(
				surveyService.retrieveQuestion(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito
						.anyString())).thenReturn(mockQuestion);

		RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(
				"/surveys/Survey1/questions/Question1").accept(
				MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

		MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();

		String expected = "{id:Question1,description:Largest Country in the World,correctAnswer:Russia}";

		JSONAssert.assertEquals(expected, result.getResponse()
				.getContentAsString(), false);

		// Assert
	}

	@Test
	public void createSurveyQuestion() throws Exception {
		Question mockQuestion = new Question("1", "Smallest Number", "1",
				Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3", "4"));

		String questionJson = "{\"description\":\"Smallest Number\",\"correctAnswer\":\"1\",\"options\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"3\",\"4\"]}";
		//surveyService.addQuestion to respond back with mockQuestion
		Mockito.when(
				surveyService.addQuestion(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito
						.any(Question.class))).thenReturn(mockQuestion);

		//Send question as body to /surveys/Survey1/questions
		RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(
				"/surveys/Survey1/questions")
				.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(questionJson)
				.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

		MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();

		MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();

		assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED.value(), response.getStatus());

		assertEquals("http://localhost/surveys/Survey1/questions/1", response
				.getHeader(HttpHeaders.LOCATION));
	}
}