diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 6a7c382..5f0f605 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@ethersproject/providers": "^5.7.2",
+    "@metamask/eth-json-rpc-provider": "^2.3.0",
     "async-mutex": "^0.3.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/src/NonceTracker.ts b/src/NonceTracker.ts
index cbdda97..69618c5 100644
--- a/src/NonceTracker.ts
+++ b/src/NonceTracker.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'assert';
 import { Mutex } from 'async-mutex';
+import type { SafeEventEmitterProvider } from '@metamask/eth-json-rpc-provider';
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires, @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports
 const { Web3Provider } = require('@ethersproject/providers');
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ const BlockTracker = require('eth-block-tracker');
  *  whose status is `confirmed`
  */
 export interface NonceTrackerOptions {
-  provider: Record<string, unknown>;
+  provider: SafeEventEmitterProvider;
   blockTracker: typeof BlockTracker;
   getPendingTransactions: (address: string) => Transaction[];
   getConfirmedTransactions: (address: string) => Transaction[];
@@ -90,8 +91,6 @@ export interface Transaction {
 }
 
 export class NonceTracker {
-  private provider: Record<string, unknown>;
-
   private blockTracker: typeof BlockTracker;
 
   private web3: typeof Web3Provider;
@@ -103,7 +102,6 @@ export class NonceTracker {
   private lockMap: Record<string, Mutex>;
 
   constructor(opts: NonceTrackerOptions) {
-    this.provider = opts.provider;
     this.blockTracker = opts.blockTracker;
     this.web3 = new Web3Provider(opts.provider);
     this.getPendingTransactions = opts.getPendingTransactions;
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index dd8e7fc..6ee4399 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -121,6 +121,48 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@ethereumjs/common@npm:^3.2.0":
+  version: 3.2.0
+  resolution: "@ethereumjs/common@npm:3.2.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ethereumjs/util": ^8.1.0
+    crc-32: ^1.2.0
+  checksum: cb9cc11f5c868cb577ba611cebf55046e509218bbb89b47ccce010776dafe8256d70f8f43fab238aec74cf71f62601cd5842bc03a83261200802de365732a14b
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@ethereumjs/rlp@npm:^4.0.1":
+  version: 4.0.1
+  resolution: "@ethereumjs/rlp@npm:4.0.1"
+  bin:
+    rlp: bin/rlp
+  checksum: 30db19c78faa2b6ff27275ab767646929207bb207f903f09eb3e4c273ce2738b45f3c82169ddacd67468b4f063d8d96035f2bf36f02b6b7e4d928eefe2e3ecbc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@ethereumjs/tx@npm:^4.2.0":
+  version: 4.2.0
+  resolution: "@ethereumjs/tx@npm:4.2.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ethereumjs/common": ^3.2.0
+    "@ethereumjs/rlp": ^4.0.1
+    "@ethereumjs/util": ^8.1.0
+    ethereum-cryptography: ^2.0.0
+  checksum: 87a3f5f2452cfbf6712f8847525a80c213210ed453c211c793c5df801fe35ecef28bae17fadd222fcbdd94277478a47e52d2b916a90a6b30cda21f1e0cdaee42
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@ethereumjs/util@npm:^8.1.0":
+  version: 8.1.0
+  resolution: "@ethereumjs/util@npm:8.1.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ethereumjs/rlp": ^4.0.1
+    ethereum-cryptography: ^2.0.0
+    micro-ftch: ^0.3.1
+  checksum: 9ae5dee8f12b0faf81cd83f06a41560e79b0ba96a48262771d897a510ecae605eb6d84f687da001ab8ccffd50f612ae50f988ef76e6312c752897f462f3ac08d
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@ethersproject/abstract-provider@npm:^5.7.0":
   version: 5.7.0
   resolution: "@ethersproject/abstract-provider@npm:5.7.0"
@@ -512,6 +554,84 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@metamask/eth-json-rpc-provider@npm:^2.3.0":
+  version: 2.3.0
+  resolution: "@metamask/eth-json-rpc-provider@npm:2.3.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@metamask/json-rpc-engine": ^7.3.0
+    "@metamask/safe-event-emitter": ^3.0.0
+    "@metamask/utils": ^8.2.0
+  checksum: 1c02ac329917015eab035e666677cc1acde620e94c1586af4bfa4656b4dc69569af07daae3ed31ce0e046d06c19c873559e89aebcaa7109a8d225a63b526e9a6
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@metamask/json-rpc-engine@npm:^7.3.0":
+  version: 7.3.0
+  resolution: "@metamask/json-rpc-engine@npm:7.3.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@metamask/rpc-errors": ^6.1.0
+    "@metamask/safe-event-emitter": ^3.0.0
+    "@metamask/utils": ^8.2.0
+  checksum: 7e12fb58ee2775269aa3e6e3a40d18d9053b6cefb6eaa2b80558a65986d0e451a9faf3935548d5b4eced857c6b569e768cb235ef10ff0feb72a23ccadaaff4bc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@metamask/rpc-errors@npm:^6.1.0":
+  version: 6.1.0
+  resolution: "@metamask/rpc-errors@npm:6.1.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@metamask/utils": ^8.1.0
+    fast-safe-stringify: ^2.0.6
+  checksum: 9f4821d804e2fcaa8987b0958d02c6d829b7c7db49740c811cb593f381d0c4b00dabb7f1802907f1b2f6126f7c0d83ec34219183d29650f5d24df014ac72906a
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@metamask/safe-event-emitter@npm:^3.0.0":
+  version: 3.0.0
+  resolution: "@metamask/safe-event-emitter@npm:3.0.0"
+  checksum: 8dc58a76f9f75bf2405931465fc311c68043d851e6b8ebe9f82ae339073a08a83430dba9338f8e3adc4bfc8067607125074bcafa32baee3a5157f42343dc89e5
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@metamask/utils@npm:^8.1.0, @metamask/utils@npm:^8.2.0":
+  version: 8.2.1
+  resolution: "@metamask/utils@npm:8.2.1"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ethereumjs/tx": ^4.2.0
+    "@noble/hashes": ^1.3.1
+    "@scure/base": ^1.1.3
+    "@types/debug": ^4.1.7
+    debug: ^4.3.4
+    pony-cause: ^2.1.10
+    semver: ^7.5.4
+    superstruct: ^1.0.3
+  checksum: 36a714a17e4949d2040bedb28d4373a22e7e86bb797aa2d59223f9799fd76e662443bcede113719c4e200f5e9d90a9d62feafad5028fff8b9a7a85fface097ca
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
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+"@noble/curves@npm:1.1.0, @noble/curves@npm:~1.1.0":
+  version: 1.1.0
+  resolution: "@noble/curves@npm:1.1.0"
+  dependencies:
+    "@noble/hashes": 1.3.1
+  checksum: 2658cdd3f84f71079b4e3516c47559d22cf4b55c23ac8ee9d2b1f8e5b72916d9689e59820e0f9d9cb4a46a8423af5b56dc6bb7782405c88be06a015180508db5
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@noble/hashes@npm:1.3.1":
+  version: 1.3.1
+  resolution: "@noble/hashes@npm:1.3.1"
+  checksum: 7fdefc0f7a0c1ec27acc6ff88841793e3f93ec4ce6b8a6a12bfc0dd70ae6b7c4c82fe305fdfeda1735d5ad4a9eebe761e6693b3d355689c559e91242f4bc95b1
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@noble/hashes@npm:^1.3.1, @noble/hashes@npm:~1.3.0, @noble/hashes@npm:~1.3.1":
+  version: 1.3.2
+  resolution: "@noble/hashes@npm:1.3.2"
+  checksum: fe23536b436539d13f90e4b9be843cc63b1b17666a07634a2b1259dded6f490be3d050249e6af98076ea8f2ea0d56f578773c2197f2aa0eeaa5fba5bc18ba474
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@nodelib/fs.scandir@npm:2.1.5":
   version: 2.1.5
   resolution: "@nodelib/fs.scandir@npm:2.1.5"
@@ -584,6 +704,34 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@scure/base@npm:^1.1.3, @scure/base@npm:~1.1.0":
+  version: 1.1.3
+  resolution: "@scure/base@npm:1.1.3"
+  checksum: 1606ab8a4db898cb3a1ada16c15437c3bce4e25854fadc8eb03ae93cbbbac1ed90655af4b0be3da37e12056fef11c0374499f69b9e658c9e5b7b3e06353c630c
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@scure/bip32@npm:1.3.1":
+  version: 1.3.1
+  resolution: "@scure/bip32@npm:1.3.1"
+  dependencies:
+    "@noble/curves": ~1.1.0
+    "@noble/hashes": ~1.3.1
+    "@scure/base": ~1.1.0
+  checksum: 394d65f77a40651eba21a5096da0f4233c3b50d422864751d373fcf142eeedb94a1149f9ab1dbb078086dab2d0bc27e2b1afec8321bf22d4403c7df2fea5bfe2
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@scure/bip39@npm:1.2.1":
+  version: 1.2.1
+  resolution: "@scure/bip39@npm:1.2.1"
+  dependencies:
+    "@noble/hashes": ~1.3.0
+    "@scure/base": ~1.1.0
+  checksum: c5bd6f1328fdbeae2dcdd891825b1610225310e5e62a4942714db51066866e4f7bef242c7b06a1b9dcc8043a4a13412cf5c5df76d3b10aa9e36b82e9b6e3eeaa
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@tootallnate/once@npm:2":
   version: 2.0.0
   resolution: "@tootallnate/once@npm:2.0.0"
@@ -591,6 +739,15 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@types/debug@npm:^4.1.7":
+  version: 4.1.12
+  resolution: "@types/debug@npm:4.1.12"
+  dependencies:
+    "@types/ms": "*"
+  checksum: 47876a852de8240bfdaf7481357af2b88cb660d30c72e73789abf00c499d6bc7cd5e52f41c915d1b9cd8ec9fef5b05688d7b7aef17f7f272c2d04679508d1053
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@types/glob@npm:^7.1.1":
   version: 7.1.4
   resolution: "@types/glob@npm:7.1.4"
@@ -622,6 +779,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@types/ms@npm:*":
+  version: 0.7.34
+  resolution: "@types/ms@npm:0.7.34"
+  checksum: f38d36e7b6edecd9badc9cf50474159e9da5fa6965a75186cceaf883278611b9df6669dc3a3cc122b7938d317b68a9e3d573d316fcb35d1be47ec9e468c6bd8a
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@types/node@npm:*":
   version: 16.3.1
   resolution: "@types/node@npm:16.3.1"
@@ -1277,6 +1441,15 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"crc-32@npm:^1.2.0":
+  version: 1.2.2
+  resolution: "crc-32@npm:1.2.2"
+  bin:
+    crc32: bin/crc32.njs
+  checksum: ad2d0ad0cbd465b75dcaeeff0600f8195b686816ab5f3ba4c6e052a07f728c3e70df2e3ca9fd3d4484dc4ba70586e161ca5a2334ec8bf5a41bf022a6103ff243
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "create-hash@npm:^1.1.0, create-hash@npm:^1.1.2":
   version: 1.2.0
   resolution: "create-hash@npm:1.2.0"
@@ -1918,6 +2091,18 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"ethereum-cryptography@npm:^2.0.0":
+  version: 2.1.2
+  resolution: "ethereum-cryptography@npm:2.1.2"
+  dependencies:
+    "@noble/curves": 1.1.0
+    "@noble/hashes": 1.3.1
+    "@scure/bip32": 1.3.1
+    "@scure/bip39": 1.2.1
+  checksum: 2e8f7b8cc90232ae838ab6a8167708e8362621404d26e79b5d9e762c7b53d699f7520aff358d9254de658fcd54d2d0af168ff909943259ed27dc4cef2736410c
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "ethereumjs-util@npm:^6.1.0":
   version: 6.1.0
   resolution: "ethereumjs-util@npm:6.1.0"
@@ -2026,6 +2211,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"fast-safe-stringify@npm:^2.0.6":
+  version: 2.1.1
+  resolution: "fast-safe-stringify@npm:2.1.1"
+  checksum: a851cbddc451745662f8f00ddb622d6766f9bd97642dabfd9a405fb0d646d69fc0b9a1243cbf67f5f18a39f40f6fa821737651ff1bceeba06c9992ca2dc5bd3d
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "fastq@npm:^1.6.0":
   version: 1.9.0
   resolution: "fastq@npm:1.9.0"
@@ -3019,6 +3211,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"micro-ftch@npm:^0.3.1":
+  version: 0.3.1
+  resolution: "micro-ftch@npm:0.3.1"
+  checksum: 0e496547253a36e98a83fb00c628c53c3fb540fa5aaeaf718438873785afd193244988c09d219bb1802984ff227d04938d9571ef90fe82b48bd282262586aaff
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "micromatch@npm:^4.0.4":
   version: 4.0.4
   resolution: "micromatch@npm:4.0.4"
@@ -3298,6 +3497,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@metamask/eslint-config-mocha": ^10.0.0
     "@metamask/eslint-config-nodejs": ^10.0.0
     "@metamask/eslint-config-typescript": ^10.0.0
+    "@metamask/eth-json-rpc-provider": ^2.3.0
     "@types/node": ^16.18.59
     "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": ^5.30.7
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": ^5.30.7
@@ -3536,6 +3736,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"pony-cause@npm:^2.1.10":
+  version: 2.1.10
+  resolution: "pony-cause@npm:2.1.10"
+  checksum: 8b61378f213e61056312dc274a1c79980154e9d864f6ad86e0c8b91a50d3ce900d430995ee24147c9f3caa440dfe7d51c274b488d7f033b65b206522536d7217
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "prelude-ls@npm:^1.2.1":
   version: 1.2.1
   resolution: "prelude-ls@npm:1.2.1"
@@ -3830,7 +4037,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"semver@npm:^7.3.5, semver@npm:^7.3.7, semver@npm:^7.3.8":
+"semver@npm:^7.3.5, semver@npm:^7.3.7, semver@npm:^7.3.8, semver@npm:^7.5.4":
   version: 7.5.4
   resolution: "semver@npm:7.5.4"
   dependencies:
@@ -4113,6 +4320,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"superstruct@npm:^1.0.3":
+  version: 1.0.3
+  resolution: "superstruct@npm:1.0.3"
+  checksum: 761790bb111e6e21ddd608299c252f3be35df543263a7ebbc004e840d01fcf8046794c274bcb351bdf3eae4600f79d317d085cdbb19ca05803a4361840cc9bb1
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "supports-color@npm:8.1.1":
   version: 8.1.1
   resolution: "supports-color@npm:8.1.1"