diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 47b45fc4f..894874b04 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -213,6 +213,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cargo-config2"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2cac6a46d3472410bc331b230bac4ee58f89e0bb25f02e8cbccb2a211c368f8a"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-expr",
+ "home",
+ "once_cell",
+ "serde",
+ "shell-escape",
+ "toml_edit",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cargo-options"
 version = "0.5.3"
@@ -233,19 +247,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cargo-xwin"
-version = "0.13.5"
+version = "0.13.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "570ef9c57470aa820aae02ec06456a9e2148149598c9927943ae8afba56ba322"
+checksum = "c47154844233c35279d90d5a68beac22907d85442130d7398038197cfc37dbd2"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
+ "cargo-config2",
  "cargo-options",
  "clap",
  "dirs",
  "fs-err",
  "indicatif",
  "path-slash",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
  "which",
  "xwin",
 ]
@@ -320,6 +333,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "uuid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-expr"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a327683d7499ecc47369531a679fe38acdd300e09bf8c852d08b1e10558622bd"
+dependencies = [
+ "smallvec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -1107,6 +1129,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "digest 0.9.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "home"
+version = "0.5.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "747309b4b440c06d57b0b25f2aee03ee9b5e5397d288c60e21fc709bb98a7408"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "humantime"
 version = "2.1.0"
@@ -1327,6 +1358,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "base64",
  "bytesize",
+ "cargo-config2",
  "cargo-options",
  "cargo-xwin",
  "cargo-zigbuild",
@@ -2338,6 +2370,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "shell-escape"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "45bb67a18fa91266cc7807181f62f9178a6873bfad7dc788c42e6430db40184f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
 version = "1.1.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 73341c0f4..92b4aca19 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ name = "maturin"
 anyhow = "1.0.63"
 base64 = "0.13.0"
 glob = "0.3.0"
+cargo-config2 = "0.1.1"
 cargo_metadata = "0.15.2"
 cargo-options = "0.5.2"
 cbindgen = { version = "0.24.2", default-features = false }
diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index fdc9a6662..d23bf9d90 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 * **Breaking Change**: Remove deprecated `python-source` option in `Cargo.toml` in [#1335](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin/pull/1335)
 * **Breaking Change**: Turn `patchelf` version warning into a hard error in [#1335](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin/pull/1335)
 * **Breaking Change**: [`uniffi_bindgen` CLI](https://mozilla.github.io/uniffi-rs/tutorial/Prerequisites.html#the-uniffi-bindgen-cli-tool) is required for building `uniffi` bindings wheels in [#1352](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin/pull/1352)
+* Respect `rustflags` settings in cargo configuration file in [#1405](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin/pull/1405)
 
 ## [0.14.9] - 2023-01-10
 
diff --git a/src/compile.rs b/src/compile.rs
index 05d43151c..9fbbc3aef 100644
--- a/src/compile.rs
+++ b/src/compile.rs
@@ -173,7 +173,12 @@ fn compile_target(
         }
     }
 
-    let mut rust_flags = env::var_os("RUSTFLAGS");
+    let target_triple = target.target_triple();
+
+    let manifest_dir = context.manifest_path.parent().unwrap();
+    let mut rustflags = cargo_config2::Config::load_with_cwd(manifest_dir)?
+        .rustflags(target_triple)?
+        .unwrap_or_default();
 
     // We need to pass --bin / --lib
     match bridge_model {
@@ -188,11 +193,15 @@ fn compile_target(
             // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/59302#issue-422994250
             // We must only do this for libraries as it breaks binaries
             // For some reason this value is ignored when passed as rustc argument
-            if context.target.is_musl_target() {
+            if context.target.is_musl_target()
+                && !rustflags
+                    .flags
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|f| f == "target-feature=-crt-static")
+            {
                 debug!("Setting `-C target-features=-crt-static` for musl dylib");
-                rust_flags
-                    .get_or_insert_with(Default::default)
-                    .push(" -C target-feature=-crt-static");
+                rustflags.push("-C");
+                rustflags.push("target-feature=-crt-static");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -224,10 +233,11 @@ fn compile_target(
             cargo_rustc.args.extend(mac_args);
         }
     } else if target.is_emscripten() {
-        let flags = rust_flags.get_or_insert_with(Default::default);
         // Allow user to override these default flags
-        if !flags.to_string_lossy().contains("link-native-libraries") {
-            flags.push(" -Z link-native-libraries=no");
+        if !rustflags.flags.iter().any(|f| f == "link-native-libraries") {
+            debug!("Setting `-Z link-native-libraries=no` for Emscripten");
+            rustflags.push("-Z");
+            rustflags.push("link-native-libraries=no");
         }
         let mut emscripten_args = Vec::new();
         // Allow user to override these default settings
@@ -260,7 +270,6 @@ fn compile_target(
             .extend(["-C".to_string(), "link-arg=-s".to_string()]);
     }
 
-    let target_triple = target.target_triple();
     let mut build_command = if target.is_msvc() && target.cross_compiling() {
         #[cfg(feature = "xwin")]
         {
@@ -332,8 +341,8 @@ fn compile_target(
         // but forwarding stderr is still useful in case there some non-json error
         .stderr(Stdio::inherit());
 
-    if let Some(flags) = rust_flags {
-        build_command.env("RUSTFLAGS", flags);
+    if !rustflags.flags.is_empty() {
+        build_command.env("CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS", rustflags.encode()?);
     }
 
     if let BridgeModel::BindingsAbi3(_, _) = bridge_model {