diff --git a/scripts/lib/api/TocGrouping.test.ts b/scripts/lib/api/TocGrouping.test.ts
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+++ b/scripts/lib/api/TocGrouping.test.ts
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+// This code is a Qiskit project.
+//
+// (C) Copyright IBM 2024.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+// obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE file in the root directory
+// of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+//
+// Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+// copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+// that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+import { readFile } from "fs/promises";
+
+import { expect, test } from "@jest/globals";
+
+import { QISKIT_TOC_GROUPING } from "./TocGrouping";
+import type { TocEntry } from "./generateToc";
+
+/**
+ * The module names belonging to a section, e.g.
+ * `['qiskit.circuit', 'qiskit.circuit.library']`.
+ *
+ * For top-level modules, like `qiskit.quantum_info`, there will only
+ * be a single element.
+ * */
+type ModuleGroup = string[];
+
+/**
+ * Ensure our assumptions about Qiskit's TocGrouping are correct.
+ *
+ * These assumptions are what allow us to infer what is a top-level module
+ * (like 'qiskit.quantum_info') vs. a section (like 'Circuit construction').
+ *
+ * If these assumptions are getting in the way, you can rewrite these tests.
+ * A more robust approach would be to read the front-matter/metadata for the
+ * URLs to see if `python_api_type: module` is set. This is complicated by
+ * module pages sometimes being in 'Module overview' vs being on a standalone page
+ * like 'qiskit.circuit.singleton'.
+ */
+function validateTopLevelModuleAssumptions(): void {
+  for (const entry of QISKIT_TOC_GROUPING.entries) {
+    if (
+      entry.kind === "module" &&
+      !entry.title.includes("qiskit.") &&
+      entry.title !== "API index"
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "Expected every top-level module of QISKIT_TOC_GROUPING to have the module name in " +
+          "its title, e.g. 'Quantum information (qiskit.quantum_info)'. This will break the " +
+          "tests in this file. Either add the module name to the title or rewrite these tests. " +
+          `Bad entry: ${entry.title}`,
+      );
+    } else if (entry.kind === "section" && entry.name.includes("qiskit.")) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "Expected every `section` of QISKIT_TOC_GROUPING.entries to not have 'qiskit.' in the " +
+          "name. This will break the tests in this file. Either remove the module name or " +
+          `rewrite these tests. Bad entry: ${entry.name}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function extractModuleName(text: string): string {
+  const re = /qiskit\.[a-zA-Z._0-9]+/;
+  // Ex: 'Quantum information (qiskit.quantum_info)'.
+  // Ex: '*   [Quantum Circuits (`qiskit.circuit`)](circuit)'
+  const match = text.match(re);
+  if (!match) {
+    throw new Error(`Could not extract module from ${text}`);
+  }
+  return match[0];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds all groups of modules from the index page.
+ *
+ * Each group has a list of page titles with the module name in parantheses.
+ */
+async function getIndexModuleGroups(fp: string): Promise<ModuleGroup[]> {
+  const rawIndex = await readFile(fp, "utf-8");
+  const result: ModuleGroup[] = [];
+  let currentGroup: ModuleGroup = [];
+  for (const line of rawIndex.split("\n")) {
+    if (line.startsWith("* ")) {
+      if (line.includes("qiskit.")) {
+        const module = extractModuleName(line);
+        currentGroup.push(module);
+      }
+      continue;
+    } else if (currentGroup.length) {
+      result.push(currentGroup);
+      currentGroup = [];
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+async function getTocModuleGroups(fp: string): Promise<ModuleGroup[]> {
+  const rawToc = await readFile(fp, "utf-8");
+  const entries = JSON.parse(rawToc).children as TocEntry[];
+  const result: ModuleGroup[] = [];
+  for (const entry of entries) {
+    const isTopLevelModule = entry.title.includes("qiskit.");
+    if (isTopLevelModule) {
+      const moduleName = extractModuleName(entry.title);
+      result.push([moduleName]);
+    } else if (entry.children) {
+      // The modules inside a custom Section cannot be renamed, so they
+      // will have their title set as the module, e.g. `qiskit.circuit`.
+      const childrenModules = Array.from(
+        entry.children
+          .filter((child) => child.title.startsWith("qiskit."))
+          .map((child) => child.title),
+      );
+      if (childrenModules.length) {
+        result.push(childrenModules);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+test("Qiskit ToC mirrors index page sections", async () => {
+  validateTopLevelModuleAssumptions();
+  const indexModuleGroups = await getIndexModuleGroups(
+    "docs/api/qiskit/dev/index.mdx",
+  );
+  const tocModuleGroups = await getTocModuleGroups(
+    "docs/api/qiskit/dev/_toc.json",
+  );
+  expect(indexModuleGroups).toEqual(tocModuleGroups);
+});