diff --git a/lib/class-wp-theme-json-gutenberg.php b/lib/class-wp-theme-json-gutenberg.php
index f4e49038697dca..6f476cfe502314 100644
--- a/lib/class-wp-theme-json-gutenberg.php
+++ b/lib/class-wp-theme-json-gutenberg.php
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ class WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg {
 		'patterns',
 		'settings',
 		'styles',
+		'supportedBlockTypes',
 		'templateParts',
 		'title',
 		'version',
diff --git a/lib/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-gutenberg.php b/lib/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-gutenberg.php
index 0ad947957215fc..11448a45d6fa57 100644
--- a/lib/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-gutenberg.php
+++ b/lib/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-gutenberg.php
@@ -225,7 +225,8 @@ protected static function has_same_registered_blocks( $origin ) {
 	 * @since 5.8.0
 	 * @since 5.9.0 Theme supports have been inlined and the `$theme_support_data` argument removed.
 	 * @since 6.0.0 Added an `$options` parameter to allow the theme data to be returned without theme supports.
-	 * @since 6.5.0 Theme data will now also include block style variations that were registered with a style object.
+	 * @since 6.5.0 Theme data will now also include block style variations that
+	 *              were registered with a style object or included via a standalone file.
 	 *
 	 * @param array $deprecated Deprecated. Not used.
 	 * @param array $options {
@@ -373,9 +374,53 @@ public static function get_theme_data( $deprecated = array(), $options = array()
 		$with_theme_supports = new WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg( $theme_support_data );
 
 		if ( $options['with_block_style_variations'] ) {
+			// Absorb block style variations that were registered with a style object.
 			$block_style_variations_data = WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg::get_from_block_styles_registry();
 			$with_block_style_variations = new WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg( $block_style_variations_data );
 			$with_theme_supports->merge( $with_block_style_variations );
+
+			// Resolve shared block style variations that were bundled in the
+			// theme via standalone theme.json files.
+			$shared_block_style_variations = static::get_style_variations( '/block-styles' );
+			$variations_data               = array();
+			$registry                      = WP_Block_Styles_Registry::get_instance();
+
+			foreach ( $shared_block_style_variations as $variation ) {
+				if ( empty( $variation['supportedBlockTypes'] ) || empty( $variation['styles'] ) ) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				$variation_slug = _wp_to_kebab_case( $variation['title'] );
+
+				// If it proves desirable, block style variations could include
+				// custom settings which can be included here.
+				foreach ( $variation['supportedBlockTypes'] as $block_type ) {
+					// Automatically register the block style variation if it
+					// hasn't been already.
+					$registered_styles = $registry->get_registered_styles_for_block( $block_type );
+					if ( ! array_key_exists( $variation_slug, $registered_styles ) ) {
+						gutenberg_register_block_style(
+							$block_type,
+							array(
+								'name'  => $variation_slug,
+								'label' => $variation['title'],
+							)
+						);
+					}
+
+					$path = array( $block_type, 'variations', $variation_slug );
+					_wp_array_set( $variations_data, $path, $variation['styles'] );
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( ! empty( $variations_data ) ) {
+				$variations_theme_json_data = array(
+					'version' => WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+					'styles'  => array( 'blocks' => $variations_data ),
+				);
+				$with_shared_variations     = new WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg( $variations_theme_json_data );
+				$with_theme_supports->merge( $with_shared_variations );
+			}
 		}
 
 		$with_theme_supports->merge( static::$theme );
@@ -743,14 +788,16 @@ private static function recursively_iterate_json( $dir ) {
 	 * Returns the style variations defined by the theme (parent and child).
 	 *
 	 * @since 6.2.0 Returns parent theme variations if theme is a child.
+	 * @since 6.5.0 Added configurable directory to allow block style variations
+	 *              to reside in a different directory to theme style variations.
 	 *
 	 * @return array
 	 */
-	public static function get_style_variations() {
+	public static function get_style_variations( $dir = 'styles' ) {
 		$variation_files    = array();
 		$variations         = array();
-		$base_directory     = get_stylesheet_directory() . '/styles';
-		$template_directory = get_template_directory() . '/styles';
+		$base_directory     = get_stylesheet_directory() . '/' . $dir;
+		$template_directory = get_template_directory() . '/' . $dir;
 		if ( is_dir( $base_directory ) ) {
 			$variation_files = static::recursively_iterate_json( $base_directory );
 		}
diff --git a/phpunit/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-test.php b/phpunit/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-test.php
index eda8caede7bfec..e820c292708da5 100644
--- a/phpunit/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-test.php
+++ b/phpunit/class-wp-theme-json-resolver-test.php
@@ -226,6 +226,104 @@ public function test_add_theme_supports_are_loaded_for_themes_without_theme_json
 		$this->assertSame( $color_palette, $settings['color']['palette']['theme'] );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Tests that block style variations registered via either
+	 * `gutenberg_register_block_style` with a style object, or a standalone
+	 * block style variation file within `/block-styles`, are added to the
+	 * theme data.
+	 */
+	public function test_add_registered_block_styles_to_theme_data() {
+		switch_theme( 'block-theme' );
+
+		$variation_styles_data = array(
+			'color'    => array(
+				'background' => 'darkslateblue',
+				'text'       => 'lavender',
+			),
+			'blocks'   => array(
+				'core/heading' => array(
+					'color' => array(
+						'text' => 'violet',
+					),
+				),
+			),
+			'elements' => array(
+				'link' => array(
+					'color'  => array(
+						'text' => 'fuchsia',
+					),
+					':hover' => array(
+						'color' => array(
+							'text' => 'deeppink',
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+
+		register_block_style(
+			'core/group',
+			array(
+				'name'       => 'my-variation',
+				'style_data' => $variation_styles_data,
+			)
+		);
+
+		$theme_json   = WP_Theme_JSON_Resolver_Gutenberg::get_theme_data()->get_raw_data();
+		$group_styles = $theme_json['styles']['blocks']['core/group'] ?? array();
+		$expected     = array(
+			'variations' => array(
+				'my-variation'            => $variation_styles_data,
+				// The following variations are registered automatically from
+				// their respective JSON files within the theme's `block-styles`
+				// directory.
+				'block-style-variation-a' => array(
+					'color' => array(
+						'background' => 'indigo',
+						'text'       => 'plum',
+					),
+				),
+				'block-style-variation-b' => array(
+					'color' => array(
+						'background' => 'midnightblue',
+						'text'       => 'lightblue',
+					),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+
+		unregister_block_style( 'core/group', 'my-variation' );
+
+		$this->assertSameSetsWithIndex( $group_styles, $expected );
+	}
+
+	public function test_registered_block_styles_not_added_to_theme_data_when_option_is_false() {
+		switch_theme( 'block-theme' );
+
+		$variation_styles_data = array(
+			'color' => array(
+				'background' => 'darkslateblue',
+				'text'       => 'lavender',
+			),
+		);
+
+		register_block_style(
+			'core/group',
+			array(
+				'name'       => 'my-variation',
+				'style_data' => $variation_styles_data,
+			)
+		);
+
+		$options      = array( 'with_block_style_variations' => false );
+		$theme_json   = WP_Theme_JSON_Resolver_Gutenberg::get_theme_data( null, $options )->get_raw_data();
+		$group_styles = $theme_json['styles']['blocks']['core/group'] ?? array();
+
+		unregister_block_style( 'core/group', 'my-variation' );
+
+		$this->assertArrayNotHasKey( 'variations', $group_styles );
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Recursively applies ksort to an array.
 	 */
@@ -503,54 +601,81 @@ public function data_get_merged_data_returns_origin() {
 		);
 	}
 
-
 	/**
-	 * Test that get_style_variations returns all variations, including parent theme variations if the theme is a child,
-	 * and that the child variation overwrites the parent variation of the same name.
+	 * Tests that `get_style_variations` returns all the appropriate variations,
+	 * including parent variations if the theme is a child, and that the child
+	 * variation overwrites the parent variation of the same name.
+	 *
+	 * Note: This covers both theme style variations (`/styles`) and block style
+	 * variations (`/block-styles`).
 	 *
 	 * @covers WP_Theme_JSON_Resolver::get_style_variations
-	 **/
-	public function test_get_style_variations_returns_all_variations() {
-		// Switch to a child theme.
-		switch_theme( 'block-theme-child' );
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider data_get_style_variations
+	 *
+	 * @param string $theme               Name of the theme to use.
+	 * @param string $dir                 The directory to retrieve variation json files from.
+	 * @param array  $expected_variations Collection of expected variations.
+	 */
+	public function test_get_style_variations( $theme, $dir, $expected_variations ) {
+		switch_theme( $theme );
 		wp_set_current_user( self::$administrator_id );
 
-		$actual_settings   = WP_Theme_JSON_Resolver_Gutenberg::get_style_variations();
-		$expected_settings = array(
-			array(
-				'version'  => 2,
-				'title'    => 'variation-a',
-				'settings' => array(
-					'blocks' => array(
-						'core/paragraph' => array(
-							'color' => array(
-								'palette' => array(
-									'theme' => array(
-										array(
-											'slug'  => 'dark',
-											'name'  => 'Dark',
-											'color' => '#010101',
+		$actual_variations = WP_Theme_JSON_Resolver_Gutenberg::get_style_variations( $dir );
+
+		self::recursive_ksort( $actual_variations );
+		self::recursive_ksort( $expected_variations );
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected_variations, $actual_variations );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Data provider for test_get_style_variations
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function data_get_style_variations() {
+		return array(
+			'theme_style_variations' => array(
+				'theme'               => 'block-theme-child',
+				'dir'                 => 'styles',
+				'expected_variations' => array(
+					array(
+						'version'  => 2,
+						'title'    => 'variation-a',
+						'settings' => array(
+							'blocks' => array(
+								'core/paragraph' => array(
+									'color' => array(
+										'palette' => array(
+											'theme' => array(
+												array(
+													'slug' => 'dark',
+													'name' => 'Dark',
+													'color' => '#010101',
+												),
+											),
 										),
 									),
 								),
 							),
 						),
 					),
-				),
-			),
-			array(
-				'version'  => 2,
-				'title'    => 'variation-b',
-				'settings' => array(
-					'blocks' => array(
-						'core/post-title' => array(
-							'color' => array(
-								'palette' => array(
-									'theme' => array(
-										array(
-											'slug'  => 'light',
-											'name'  => 'Light',
-											'color' => '#f1f1f1',
+					array(
+						'version'  => 2,
+						'title'    => 'variation-b',
+						'settings' => array(
+							'blocks' => array(
+								'core/post-title' => array(
+									'color' => array(
+										'palette' => array(
+											'theme' => array(
+												array(
+													'slug' => 'light',
+													'name' => 'Light',
+													'color' => '#f1f1f1',
+												),
+											),
 										),
 									),
 								),
@@ -559,13 +684,34 @@ public function test_get_style_variations_returns_all_variations() {
 					),
 				),
 			),
-		);
-		self::recursive_ksort( $actual_settings );
-		self::recursive_ksort( $expected_settings );
-
-		$this->assertSame(
-			$expected_settings,
-			$actual_settings
+			'block_style_variations' => array(
+				'theme'               => 'block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations',
+				'dir'                 => 'block-styles',
+				'expected_variations' => array(
+					array(
+						'supportedBlockTypes' => array( 'core/group', 'core/columns', 'core/media-text' ),
+						'version'             => 2,
+						'title'               => 'block-style-variation-a',
+						'styles'              => array(
+							'color' => array(
+								'background' => 'darkcyan',
+								'text'       => 'aliceblue',
+							),
+						),
+					),
+					array(
+						'supportedBlockTypes' => array( 'core/group', 'core/columns' ),
+						'version'             => 2,
+						'title'               => 'block-style-variation-b',
+						'styles'              => array(
+							'color' => array(
+								'background' => 'midnightblue',
+								'text'       => 'lightblue',
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			),
 		);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/block-styles/block-style-variation-a.json b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/block-styles/block-style-variation-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1daaac0062b9c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/block-styles/block-style-variation-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+	"version": 2,
+	"supportedBlockTypes": [ "core/group", "core/columns", "core/media-text" ],
+	"styles": {
+		"color": {
+			"background": "darkcyan",
+			"text": "aliceblue"
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/style.css b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c1cc20aaf1f101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/*
+Theme Name: Block Theme Child With Block Style Variations Theme
+Theme URI: https://wordpress.org/
+Description: For testing purposes only.
+Template: block-theme
+Version: 1.0.0
+Text Domain: block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations
+*/
diff --git a/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/theme.json b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/theme.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0da29ef16fd679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme-child-with-block-style-variations/theme.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+	"$schema": "https://schemas.wp.org/trunk/theme.json",
+	"version": 2
+}
diff --git a/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme/block-styles/block-style-variation-a.json b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme/block-styles/block-style-variation-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0ba8417049eb0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme/block-styles/block-style-variation-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+	"version": 2,
+	"supportedBlockTypes": [ "core/group", "core/columns" ],
+	"styles": {
+		"color": {
+			"background": "indigo",
+			"text": "plum"
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme/block-styles/block-style-variation-b.json b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme/block-styles/block-style-variation-b.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6133b3e9f8d591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/data/themedir1/block-theme/block-styles/block-style-variation-b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+	"version": 2,
+	"supportedBlockTypes": [ "core/group", "core/columns" ],
+	"styles": {
+		"color": {
+			"background": "midnightblue",
+			"text": "lightblue"
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/schemas/json/theme.json b/schemas/json/theme.json
index 6ae8d15df63d2d..6a3f9e2da91790 100644
--- a/schemas/json/theme.json
+++ b/schemas/json/theme.json
@@ -2238,6 +2238,13 @@
 			"type": "string",
 			"description": "Description of the global styles variation."
 		},
+		"supportedBlockTypes": {
+			"type": "array",
+			"description": "List of block types that can use the block style variation this theme.json file represents.",
+			"items": {
+				"type": "string"
+			}
+		},
 		"settings": {
 			"description": "Settings for the block editor and individual blocks. These include things like:\n- Which customization options should be available to the user. \n- The default colors, font sizes... available to the user. \n- CSS custom properties and class names used in styles.\n- And the default layout of the editor (widths and available alignments).",
 			"type": "object",