diff --git a/phpunit/block-library/class-test-archives.php b/phpunit/block-library/class-test-archives.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..00006cf09e340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/block-library/class-test-archives.php
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Test the server-side rendering of the `core/archives` block.
+ *
+ * @package Gutenberg
+ */
+
+class Archives_Test extends WP_UnitTestCase {
+	/**
+	 * Create a shared post fixture, so that the block can return the desired markup.
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_UnitTest_Factory $factory Fixture factory singleton.
+	 */
+	public static function wpSetupBeforeClass( $factory ) {
+		$factory->post->create();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Verify the block output when no posts are found.
+	 */
+	public function test_no_posts_found() {
+		// The shared fixture is published, so modifying the SQL query used by `wp_get_archives()` will make it seem
+		// like there are no posts to show.
+		add_filter(
+			'getarchives_where',
+			function( $sql_where ) {
+				return str_replace( 'publish', 'private', $sql_where );
+			}
+		);
+
+		$this->assertDiscardWhitespace(
+			'<div class="wp-block-archives wp-block-archives-list">No archives to show.</div>',
+			render_block_core_archives(
+				array(
+					'displayAsDropdown' => false,
+					'showPostCounts'    => false,
+				)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Verify the block classes with the default attributes.
+	 */
+	public function test_default_block_classes_output() {
+		$this->assertContains(
+			'<ul class="wp-block-archives wp-block-archives-list">',
+			render_block_core_archives(
+				array(
+					'displayAsDropdown' => false,
+					'showPostCounts'    => false,
+				)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Verify the block classes with the when displaying as a dropdown.
+	 */
+	public function test_display_as_dropdown_block_classes_output() {
+		$this->assertContains(
+			'<div class="wp-block-archives wp-block-archives-dropdown">',
+			render_block_core_archives(
+				array(
+					'displayAsDropdown' => true,
+					'showPostCounts'    => false,
+				)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+}