diff --git a/bundlesize.config.json b/bundlesize.config.json
index 0a7fc189bf..9dd0f6e6db 100644
--- a/bundlesize.config.json
+++ b/bundlesize.config.json
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/dist/umd/ReactInstantSearchHooks.min.js",
-      "maxSize": "41.75 kB"
+      "maxSize": "42.75 kB"
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/dist/umd/ReactInstantSearchHooksDOM.min.js",
-      "maxSize": "51.25 kB"
+      "maxSize": "52.25 kB"
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/react-instantsearch-dom/dist/umd/ReactInstantSearchDOM.min.js",
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/vue-instantsearch/vue2/umd/index.js",
-      "maxSize": "60 kB"
+      "maxSize": "61.25 kB"
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/vue-instantsearch/vue3/umd/index.js",
-      "maxSize": "60 kB"
+      "maxSize": "61.25 kB"
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/vue-instantsearch/vue2/cjs/index.js",
diff --git a/examples/react-hooks/default-theme/src/components/Refresh.tsx b/examples/react-hooks/default-theme/src/components/Refresh.tsx
index 8fa0878dfe..74711ed204 100644
--- a/examples/react-hooks/default-theme/src/components/Refresh.tsx
+++ b/examples/react-hooks/default-theme/src/components/Refresh.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import './Refresh.css';
 
 export function Refresh() {
   const { refresh } = useInstantSearch();
+
   return (
     <button
       className="Refresh"
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/autocomplete/__tests__/connectAutocomplete-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/autocomplete/__tests__/connectAutocomplete-test.ts
index c551ee545d..14ee133f36 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/autocomplete/__tests__/connectAutocomplete-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/autocomplete/__tests__/connectAutocomplete-test.ts
@@ -855,8 +855,8 @@ search.addWidgets([
         stalledSearchDelay: 1,
         indexName: 'indexName',
       });
-      instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
       instantSearchInstance.start();
+      instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
 
       instantSearchInstance.addWidgets([widget]);
 
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/configure-related-items/__tests__/connectConfigureRelatedItems-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/configure-related-items/__tests__/connectConfigureRelatedItems-test.ts
index 9cf09ec273..e27ac33251 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/configure-related-items/__tests__/connectConfigureRelatedItems-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/configure-related-items/__tests__/connectConfigureRelatedItems-test.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/configure-r
         {
           indexName: 'indexName',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facets: [],
             facetFilters: ['objectID:-1'],
             tagFilters: '',
@@ -166,6 +167,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/configure-r
         {
           indexName: 'indexName',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facets: [],
             facetFilters: ['objectID:-1'],
             tagFilters: '',
@@ -211,6 +213,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/configure-r
         {
           indexName: 'indexName',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facets: [],
             facetFilters: ['objectID:-1'],
             tagFilters: '',
@@ -274,6 +277,7 @@ See https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/api-parameters/optionalFilters/`);
         {
           indexName: 'indexName',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facets: [],
             facetFilters: ['objectID:-1'],
             tagFilters: '',
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/geo-search/__tests__/connectGeoSearch-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/geo-search/__tests__/connectGeoSearch-test.ts
index 54a7ea4e1e..51645274dd 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/geo-search/__tests__/connectGeoSearch-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/geo-search/__tests__/connectGeoSearch-test.ts
@@ -1748,8 +1748,8 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/geo-search/
         stalledSearchDelay: 1,
         indexName: 'indexName',
       });
-      instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
       instantSearchInstance.start();
+      instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
 
       instantSearchInstance.addWidgets([widget]);
 
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/hits/__tests__/connectHits-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/hits/__tests__/connectHits-test.ts
index 2fc5c0c085..8bcc6c4deb 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/hits/__tests__/connectHits-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/hits/__tests__/connectHits-test.ts
@@ -868,8 +868,8 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/hits/js/#co
             stalledSearchDelay: 1,
             indexName: 'indexName',
           });
-          instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
           instantSearchInstance.start();
+          instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
 
           instantSearchInstance.addWidgets([widget]);
 
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/__tests__/connectInfiniteHits-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/__tests__/connectInfiniteHits-test.ts
index da208dc9fa..606bce1147 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/__tests__/connectInfiniteHits-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/__tests__/connectInfiniteHits-test.ts
@@ -1458,8 +1458,8 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/infinite-hi
             stalledSearchDelay: 1,
             indexName: 'indexName',
           });
-          instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
           instantSearchInstance.start();
+          instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = jest.fn();
 
           instantSearchInstance.addWidgets([widget]);
 
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/connectInfiniteHits.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/connectInfiniteHits.ts
index 36348ded19..227e415ca9 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/connectInfiniteHits.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/connectors/infinite-hits/connectInfiniteHits.ts
@@ -153,6 +153,11 @@ function getStateWithoutPage(state: PlainSearchParameters) {
   return rest;
 }
 
+function normalizeState(state: PlainSearchParameters) {
+  const { clickAnalytics, userToken, ...rest } = state || {};
+  return rest;
+}
+
 function getInMemoryCache<THit extends BaseHit>(): InfiniteHitsCache<THit> {
   let cachedHits: InfiniteHitsCachedHits<THit> | null = null;
   let cachedState: PlainSearchParameters | null = null;
@@ -237,7 +242,7 @@ const connectInfiniteHits: InfiniteHitsConnector = function connectInfiniteHits(
             page:
               getFirstReceivedPage(
                 helper.state,
-                cache.read({ state: helper.state }) || {}
+                cache.read({ state: normalizeState(helper.state) }) || {}
               ) - 1,
           })
           .searchWithoutTriggeringOnStateChange();
@@ -250,7 +255,7 @@ const connectInfiniteHits: InfiniteHitsConnector = function connectInfiniteHits(
           .setPage(
             getLastReceivedPage(
               helper.state,
-              cache.read({ state: helper.state }) || {}
+              cache.read({ state: normalizeState(helper.state) }) || {}
             ) + 1
           )
           .search();
@@ -308,7 +313,7 @@ const connectInfiniteHits: InfiniteHitsConnector = function connectInfiniteHits(
          */
         const state = parent.getPreviousState() || existingState;
 
-        const cachedHits = cache.read({ state }) || {};
+        const cachedHits = cache.read({ state: normalizeState(state) }) || {};
 
         if (!results) {
           showPrevious = getShowPrevious(helper);
@@ -355,7 +360,7 @@ const connectInfiniteHits: InfiniteHitsConnector = function connectInfiniteHits(
             instantSearchInstance.status === 'idle'
           ) {
             cachedHits[page] = transformedHits;
-            cache.write({ state, hits: cachedHits });
+            cache.write({ state: normalizeState(state), hits: cachedHits });
           }
           currentPageHits = transformedHits;
 
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/InstantSearch.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/InstantSearch.ts
index 1f567c7b49..de029426f6 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/InstantSearch.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/InstantSearch.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import type {
 import type { RouterProps } from '../middlewares/createRouterMiddleware';
 import { createRouterMiddleware } from '../middlewares/createRouterMiddleware';
 import type { InsightsEvent } from '../middlewares/createInsightsMiddleware';
+import { createInsightsMiddleware } from '../middlewares/createInsightsMiddleware';
 import {
   createMetadataMiddleware,
   isMetadataEnabled,
@@ -297,12 +298,17 @@ See ${createDocumentationLink({
     this.sendEventToInsights = noop;
 
     if (routing) {
-      const routerOptions = typeof routing === 'boolean' ? undefined : routing;
+      const routerOptions = typeof routing === 'boolean' ? {} : routing;
+      routerOptions.$$internal = true;
       this.use(createRouterMiddleware(routerOptions));
     }
 
+    // This is the default middleware,
+    // any user-provided middleware will be added later and override this one.
+    this.use(createInsightsMiddleware({ $$internal: true }));
+
     if (isMetadataEnabled()) {
-      this.use(createMetadataMiddleware());
+      this.use(createMetadataMiddleware({ $$internal: true }));
     }
   }
 
@@ -312,6 +318,8 @@ See ${createDocumentationLink({
   public use(...middleware: Middleware[]): this {
     const newMiddlewareList = middleware.map((fn) => {
       const newMiddleware = {
+        $$type: '__unknown__',
+        $$internal: false,
         subscribe: noop,
         started: noop,
         unsubscribe: noop,
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-integration-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-integration-test.ts
index c7a3adbf9f..50176a0b9b 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-integration-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-integration-test.ts
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ describe('middleware', () => {
     });
 
     const middlewareDefinition: MiddlewareDefinition = {
+      $$type: 'fake',
+      $$internal: false,
       onStateChange: jest.fn(),
       subscribe: jest.fn(),
       started: jest.fn(),
@@ -96,6 +98,8 @@ describe('middleware', () => {
     });
 
     const middlewareDefinition: MiddlewareDefinition = {
+      $$type: 'fake',
+      $$internal: false,
       onStateChange: jest.fn(),
       subscribe: jest.fn(),
       started: jest.fn(),
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-test.tsx b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-test.tsx
index f5cc6a8cef..b7116d986e 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-test.tsx
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/lib/__tests__/InstantSearch-test.tsx
@@ -449,29 +449,47 @@ See https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/configure/js/`);
     });
 
     it("doesn't add metadata middleware by default", () => {
-      const useSpy = jest.spyOn(InstantSearch.prototype, 'use');
-
-      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new
-      new InstantSearch({
+      const search = new InstantSearch({
         searchClient: createSearchClient(),
         indexName: 'test',
       });
 
-      expect(useSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+      expect(
+        search.middleware.map(({ instance: { $$type, $$internal } }) => ({
+          $$type,
+          $$internal,
+        }))
+      ).toEqual([
+        {
+          $$type: 'ais.insights',
+          $$internal: true,
+        },
+      ]);
     });
 
     it('adds metadata middleware on the Crawler user agent', () => {
       userAgentMock = algoliaUserAgent;
 
-      const useSpy = jest.spyOn(InstantSearch.prototype, 'use');
-
-      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new
-      new InstantSearch({
+      const search = new InstantSearch({
         searchClient: createSearchClient(),
         indexName: 'test',
       });
 
-      expect(useSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(
+        search.middleware.map(({ instance: { $$type, $$internal } }) => ({
+          $$type,
+          $$internal,
+        }))
+      ).toEqual([
+        {
+          $$type: 'ais.insights',
+          $$internal: true,
+        },
+        {
+          $$type: 'ais.metadata',
+          $$internal: true,
+        },
+      ]);
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/__tests__/createInsightsMiddleware.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/__tests__/createInsightsMiddleware.ts
index 208574daea..c64f23fe62 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/__tests__/createInsightsMiddleware.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/__tests__/createInsightsMiddleware.ts
@@ -418,6 +418,79 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/guides/building-search-ui/going-f
         'insights-middleware'
       );
     });
+
+    it('removes default middleware if user adds a custom one', () => {
+      const { instantSearchInstance } = createTestEnvironment();
+
+      // just the internal one
+      expect(instantSearchInstance.middleware).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(instantSearchInstance.middleware).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "creator": [Function],
+            "instance": {
+              "$$internal": true,
+              "$$type": "ais.insights",
+              "onStateChange": [Function],
+              "started": [Function],
+              "subscribe": [Function],
+              "unsubscribe": [Function],
+            },
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
+
+      instantSearchInstance.use(createInsightsMiddleware({}));
+
+      // just the user-provided one
+      expect(instantSearchInstance.middleware).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(instantSearchInstance.middleware).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "creator": [Function],
+            "instance": {
+              "$$internal": false,
+              "$$type": "ais.insights",
+              "onStateChange": [Function],
+              "started": [Function],
+              "subscribe": [Function],
+              "unsubscribe": [Function],
+            },
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
+
+      instantSearchInstance.use(createInsightsMiddleware({}));
+
+      // both user-provided
+      expect(instantSearchInstance.middleware).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(instantSearchInstance.middleware).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "creator": [Function],
+            "instance": {
+              "$$internal": false,
+              "$$type": "ais.insights",
+              "onStateChange": [Function],
+              "started": [Function],
+              "subscribe": [Function],
+              "unsubscribe": [Function],
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            "creator": [Function],
+            "instance": {
+              "$$internal": false,
+              "$$type": "ais.insights",
+              "onStateChange": [Function],
+              "started": [Function],
+              "subscribe": [Function],
+              "unsubscribe": [Function],
+            },
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('userToken', () => {
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createInsightsMiddleware.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createInsightsMiddleware.ts
index 2071cb633f..cd098d1958 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createInsightsMiddleware.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createInsightsMiddleware.ts
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ export type InsightsProps<
     region?: 'de' | 'us';
   };
   onEvent?: (event: InsightsEvent, insightsClient: TInsightsClient) => void;
+  /**
+   * @internal indicator for the default insights middleware
+   */
+  $$internal?: boolean;
 };
 
 const ALGOLIA_INSIGHTS_SRC =
@@ -54,6 +58,7 @@ export function createInsightsMiddleware<
     insightsClient: _insightsClient,
     insightsInitParams,
     onEvent,
+    $$internal = false,
   } = props;
 
   let insightsClient: InsightsClient = _insightsClient || noop;
@@ -85,6 +90,15 @@ export function createInsightsMiddleware<
   }
 
   return ({ instantSearchInstance }) => {
+    // remove existing default insights middleware
+    // user-provided insights middleware takes precedence
+    const existingInsightsMiddlewares = instantSearchInstance.middleware
+      .filter(
+        (m) => m.instance.$$type === 'ais.insights' && m.instance.$$internal
+      )
+      .map((m) => m.creator);
+    instantSearchInstance.unuse(...existingInsightsMiddlewares);
+
     const [appId, apiKey] = getAppIdAndApiKey(instantSearchInstance.client);
 
     // search-insights.js also throws an error so dev-only clarification is sufficient
@@ -132,6 +146,8 @@ export function createInsightsMiddleware<
     let helper: AlgoliaSearchHelper;
 
     return {
+      $$type: 'ais.insights',
+      $$internal,
       onStateChange() {},
       subscribe() {
         if (!needsToLoadInsightsClient) return;
@@ -165,7 +181,9 @@ export function createInsightsMiddleware<
           ...helper.state,
           clickAnalytics: true,
         });
-        instantSearchInstance.scheduleSearch();
+        if (!$$internal) {
+          instantSearchInstance.scheduleSearch();
+        }
 
         const setUserTokenToSearch = (userToken?: string) => {
           helper.overrideStateWithoutTriggeringChangeEvent({
@@ -222,7 +240,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/guides/building-search-ui/going-f
         insightsClient('onUserTokenChange', undefined);
         instantSearchInstance.sendEventToInsights = noop;
         if (helper && initialParameters) {
-          helper.setState({
+          helper.overrideStateWithoutTriggeringChangeEvent({
             ...helper.state,
             ...initialParameters,
           });
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createMetadataMiddleware.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createMetadataMiddleware.ts
index 4c2646b413..0b1ff68018 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createMetadataMiddleware.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createMetadataMiddleware.ts
@@ -72,7 +72,11 @@ export function isMetadataEnabled() {
  * - widget name
  * - connector name
  */
-export function createMetadataMiddleware(): InternalMiddleware {
+export function createMetadataMiddleware({
+  $$internal = false,
+}: {
+  $$internal?: boolean;
+} = {}): InternalMiddleware {
   return ({ instantSearchInstance }) => {
     const payload: Payload = {
       widgets: [],
@@ -82,6 +86,8 @@ export function createMetadataMiddleware(): InternalMiddleware {
     payloadContainer.name = 'instantsearch:widgets';
 
     return {
+      $$type: 'ais.metadata',
+      $$internal,
       onStateChange() {},
       subscribe() {
         // using setTimeout here to delay extraction until widgets have been added in a tick (e.g. Vue)
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createRouterMiddleware.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createRouterMiddleware.ts
index 5970040458..2080751e21 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createRouterMiddleware.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/middlewares/createRouterMiddleware.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ export type RouterProps<
   // ideally stateMapping should be required if TRouteState is given,
   // but there's no way to check if a generic is provided or the default value.
   stateMapping?: StateMapping<TUiState, TRouteState>;
+  /**
+   * @internal indicator for the default middleware
+   */
+  $$internal?: boolean;
 };
 
 export const createRouterMiddleware = <
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ export const createRouterMiddleware = <
       TUiState,
       TRouteState
     >,
+    $$internal = false,
   } = props;
 
   return ({ instantSearchInstance }) => {
@@ -63,6 +68,8 @@ export const createRouterMiddleware = <
     const initialUiState = instantSearchInstance._initialUiState;
 
     return {
+      $$type: 'ais.router',
+      $$internal,
       onStateChange({ uiState }) {
         const routeState = stateMapping.stateToRoute(uiState);
 
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/types/middleware.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/types/middleware.ts
index 3864280787..672d422b66 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/types/middleware.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/types/middleware.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,29 @@ import type { UiState } from './ui-state';
 import type { AtLeastOne } from './utils';
 
 export type MiddlewareDefinition<TUiState extends UiState = UiState> = {
+  /**
+   * string to identify the middleware
+   */
+  $$type: string;
+  /**
+   * @internal indicator for the default middleware
+   */
+  $$internal: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Change handler called on every UiState change
+   */
   onStateChange(options: { uiState: TUiState }): void;
+  /**
+   * Called when the middleware is added to InstantSearch
+   */
   subscribe(): void;
+  /**
+   * Called when InstantSearch is started
+   */
   started(): void;
+  /**
+   * Called when the middleware is removed from InstantSearch
+   */
   unsubscribe(): void;
 };
 
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hierarchical-menu/__tests__/hierarchical-menu-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hierarchical-menu/__tests__/hierarchical-menu-test.ts
index 6f48340595..487c80989e 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hierarchical-menu/__tests__/hierarchical-menu-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hierarchical-menu/__tests__/hierarchical-menu-test.ts
@@ -343,6 +343,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/hierarchica
         {
           indexName: 'test',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facets: ['hierarchy.1'],
             maxValuesPerFacet: 10,
             tagFilters: '',
@@ -363,6 +364,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/hierarchica
         {
           indexName: 'test',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facetFilters: [['hierarchy.1:zero']],
             facets: ['hierarchy.1', 'hierarchy.2'],
             maxValuesPerFacet: 10,
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hits/__tests__/hits.test.tsx b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hits/__tests__/hits.test.tsx
index f2dc65deb5..c4490cf3ab 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hits/__tests__/hits.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/hits/__tests__/hits.test.tsx
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ describe('hits', () => {
       // assertion can go away.
       expect(async () => {
         search.start();
+        // prevent warning from insights view event because insightsClient isn't yet loaded
+        // @ts-ignore
+        search.helper!.state.userToken = 'userToken';
 
         await wait(0);
       }).not.toWarnDev();
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/index/__tests__/index-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/index/__tests__/index-test.ts
index b95963dbf9..d2447bbd69 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/index/__tests__/index-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/index/__tests__/index-test.ts
@@ -2931,6 +2931,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/index-widge
         ],
         _state: {
           index: 'indexName',
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           disjunctiveFacets: [],
           disjunctiveFacetsRefinements: {},
           facets: [],
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits-integration-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits-integration-test.ts
index 1de522a9e1..404e8fb894 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits-integration-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits-integration-test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { infiniteHits, configure } from '../..';
 import { createInsightsMiddleware } from '../../../middlewares';
 import { wait } from '@instantsearch/testutils/wait';
 import type { PlainSearchParameters } from 'algoliasearch-helper';
+import { SearchParameters } from 'algoliasearch-helper';
 import type {
   InfiniteHitsCache,
   InfiniteHitsCachedHits,
@@ -234,22 +235,13 @@ describe('infiniteHits', () => {
       const { customCache } = createCustomCache();
 
       customCache.write({
-        state: {
-          facets: [],
-          disjunctiveFacets: [],
-          hierarchicalFacets: [],
-          facetsRefinements: {},
-          facetsExcludes: {},
-          disjunctiveFacetsRefinements: {},
-          numericRefinements: {},
-          tagRefinements: [],
-          hierarchicalFacetsRefinements: {},
+        state: new SearchParameters({
           index: 'instant_search',
           hitsPerPage: 2,
           highlightPreTag: '__ais-highlight__',
           highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
           page: 0,
-        },
+        }),
         hits: {
           0: [
             {
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits.test.tsx b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits.test.tsx
index 16af377162..18c735a961 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/infinite-hits/__tests__/infinite-hits.test.tsx
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ describe('infiniteHits', () => {
       // assertion can go away.
       expect(async () => {
         search.start();
+        // prevent warning from insights view event because insightsClient isn't yet loaded
+        // @ts-ignore
+        search.helper!.state.userToken = 'userToken';
 
         await wait(0);
       }).not.toWarnDev();
diff --git a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/menu-select/__tests__/menu-select-test.ts b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/menu-select/__tests__/menu-select-test.ts
index c21671c292..944460399d 100644
--- a/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/menu-select/__tests__/menu-select-test.ts
+++ b/packages/instantsearch.js/src/widgets/menu-select/__tests__/menu-select-test.ts
@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ describe('menuSelect', () => {
       expect(search.helper!.state).toEqual(
         new SearchParameters({
           index: 'test',
+          clickAnalytics: true,
         })
       );
 
@@ -246,6 +247,7 @@ describe('menuSelect', () => {
       expect(search.helper!.state).toEqual(
         new SearchParameters({
           index: 'test',
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           hierarchicalFacets: [{ attributes: ['test'], name: 'test' }],
           hierarchicalFacetsRefinements: { test: [] },
           maxValuesPerFacet: 10,
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ describe('menuSelect', () => {
       expect(render).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
       expect(render).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(null, container);
       expect(search.helper!.state).toEqual(
-        new SearchParameters({ index: 'test' })
+        new SearchParameters({ index: 'test', clickAnalytics: true })
       );
     });
   });
diff --git a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/getServerState.test.tsx.snap b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/getServerState.test.tsx.snap
index 51c0b106a3..290afe84a7 100644
--- a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/getServerState.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/getServerState.test.tsx.snap
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ exports[`getServerState returns initialResults 1`] = `
         "nbHits": 0,
         "nbPages": 0,
         "page": 0,
-        "params": "facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
+        "params": "clickAnalytics=true&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
         "processingTimeMS": 0,
         "query": "",
       },
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ exports[`getServerState returns initialResults 1`] = `
       },
     ],
     "state": {
+      "clickAnalytics": true,
       "disjunctiveFacets": [
         "brand",
       ],
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ exports[`getServerState returns initialResults 1`] = `
         "nbHits": 0,
         "nbPages": 0,
         "page": 0,
-        "params": "facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
+        "params": "clickAnalytics=true&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
         "processingTimeMS": 0,
         "query": "",
       },
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ exports[`getServerState returns initialResults 1`] = `
         "nbHits": 0,
         "nbPages": 0,
         "page": 0,
-        "params": "facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
+        "params": "clickAnalytics=true&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
         "processingTimeMS": 0,
         "query": "",
       },
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ exports[`getServerState returns initialResults 1`] = `
         "nbHits": 0,
         "nbPages": 0,
         "page": 0,
-        "params": "facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
+        "params": "clickAnalytics=true&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22brand%3AApple%22%5D%5D&facets=%5B%22brand%22%5D&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&maxValuesPerFacet=10&query=iphone&tagFilters=",
         "processingTimeMS": 0,
         "query": "",
       },
diff --git a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/getServerState.test.tsx b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/getServerState.test.tsx
index 222ef3e1d6..6ad4d3112c 100644
--- a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/getServerState.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-server/src/__tests__/getServerState.test.tsx
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ describe('getServerState', () => {
       {
         indexName: 'instant_search',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facetFilters: [['brand:Apple']],
           facets: ['brand'],
           highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ describe('getServerState', () => {
       {
         indexName: 'instant_search_price_asc',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facetFilters: [['brand:Apple']],
           facets: ['brand'],
           highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
@@ -248,6 +250,7 @@ describe('getServerState', () => {
       {
         indexName: 'instant_search_rating_desc',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facetFilters: [['brand:Apple']],
           facets: ['brand'],
           highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
@@ -274,6 +277,7 @@ describe('getServerState', () => {
       {
         indexName: 'instant_search_price_desc',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facetFilters: [['brand:Apple']],
           facets: ['brand'],
           highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
@@ -383,6 +387,7 @@ describe('getServerState', () => {
     expect(searchClient.search.mock.calls[0][0][0]).toEqual({
       indexName: 'instant_search',
       params: {
+        clickAnalytics: true,
         facets: ['*'],
         highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
         highlightPreTag: '__ais-highlight__',
@@ -396,6 +401,7 @@ describe('getServerState', () => {
     expect(searchClient.search.mock.calls[1][0][0]).toEqual({
       indexName: 'instant_search',
       params: {
+        clickAnalytics: true,
         facetFilters: [['categories:refined!']],
         facets: ['*'],
         highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
diff --git a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/InfiniteHits.test.tsx b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/InfiniteHits.test.tsx
index 86a45bad2c..c2d96fe0c0 100644
--- a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/InfiniteHits.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/InfiniteHits.test.tsx
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ describe('InfiniteHits', () => {
       {
         indexName: 'indexName',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facets: [],
           highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
           highlightPreTag: '__ais-highlight__',
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@ describe('InfiniteHits', () => {
         {
           indexName: 'indexName',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facets: [],
             highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
             highlightPreTag: '__ais-highlight__',
@@ -258,6 +260,7 @@ describe('InfiniteHits', () => {
       {
         indexName: 'indexName',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facets: [],
           highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
           highlightPreTag: '__ais-highlight__',
@@ -281,6 +284,7 @@ describe('InfiniteHits', () => {
         {
           indexName: 'indexName',
           params: {
+            clickAnalytics: true,
             facets: [],
             highlightPostTag: '__/ais-highlight__',
             highlightPreTag: '__ais-highlight__',
diff --git a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/ToggleRefinement.test.tsx b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/ToggleRefinement.test.tsx
index e58660ea64..2d8ea8be94 100644
--- a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/ToggleRefinement.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks-web/src/widgets/__tests__/ToggleRefinement.test.tsx
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ describe('ToggleRefinement', () => {
         expect.arrayContaining([
           expect.objectContaining({
             params: {
+              clickAnalytics: true,
               facetFilters: [['free_shipping:true']],
               facets: ['free_shipping'],
               tagFilters: '',
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ describe('ToggleRefinement', () => {
         expect.arrayContaining([
           expect.objectContaining({
             params: {
+              clickAnalytics: true,
               facetFilters: [['free_shipping:yes']],
               facets: ['free_shipping'],
               tagFilters: '',
diff --git a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/components/__tests__/InstantSearch.test.tsx b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/components/__tests__/InstantSearch.test.tsx
index cf03f6a877..df63b75c9a 100644
--- a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/components/__tests__/InstantSearch.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/components/__tests__/InstantSearch.test.tsx
@@ -181,11 +181,12 @@ describe('InstantSearch', () => {
     expect(searchClient.search).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([
       {
         indexName: 'indexName',
-        params: { facets: [], query: '', tagFilters: '' },
+        params: { clickAnalytics: true, facets: [], query: '', tagFilters: '' },
       },
       {
         indexName: 'subIndexName',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facets: ['brand'],
           maxValuesPerFacet: 10,
           query: '',
@@ -216,11 +217,12 @@ describe('InstantSearch', () => {
     expect(searchClient.search).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([
       {
         indexName: 'indexName',
-        params: { facets: [], query: '', tagFilters: '' },
+        params: { clickAnalytics: true, facets: [], query: '', tagFilters: '' },
       },
       {
         indexName: 'subIndexName',
         params: {
+          clickAnalytics: true,
           facets: ['brand'],
           maxValuesPerFacet: 10,
           query: '',
diff --git a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/hooks/__tests__/useConnector.test.tsx b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/hooks/__tests__/useConnector.test.tsx
index 15de073731..bb68f0cb02 100644
--- a/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/hooks/__tests__/useConnector.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-instantsearch-hooks/src/hooks/__tests__/useConnector.test.tsx
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ describe('useConnector', () => {
     });
 
     const helperState = {
+      clickAnalytics: true,
       disjunctiveFacets: [],
       disjunctiveFacetsRefinements: {},
       facets: [],
diff --git a/packages/vue-instantsearch/src/util/__tests__/createServerRootMixin.test.js b/packages/vue-instantsearch/src/util/__tests__/createServerRootMixin.test.js
index 57178ab363..d4a7c43875 100644
--- a/packages/vue-instantsearch/src/util/__tests__/createServerRootMixin.test.js
+++ b/packages/vue-instantsearch/src/util/__tests__/createServerRootMixin.test.js
@@ -276,6 +276,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/instantsear
           {
             "indexName": "hello",
             "params": {
+              "clickAnalytics": true,
               "facets": [],
               "hitsPerPage": 100,
               "query": "",
@@ -346,6 +347,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/instantsear
                   hierarchicalFacetsRefinements: {},
                   hitsPerPage: 100,
                   index: 'hello',
+                  clickAnalytics: true,
                   numericRefinements: {},
                   query: '',
                   tagRefinements: [],
@@ -826,6 +828,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/instantsear
             {
               "indexName": "hello",
               "params": {
+                "clickAnalytics": true,
                 "facets": [],
                 "hitsPerPage": 100,
                 "query": "",
@@ -902,6 +905,7 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/instantsear
             {
               "indexName": "hello",
               "params": {
+                "clickAnalytics": true,
                 "facets": [],
                 "hitsPerPage": 100,
                 "query": "",
@@ -1133,7 +1137,10 @@ See documentation: https://www.algolia.com/doc/api-reference/widgets/instantsear
 
       const resultsState = createSerializedState();
       const state = new SearchParameters(resultsState.state);
-      const localState = new SearchParameters({ index: 'lol' });
+      const localState = new SearchParameters({
+        index: 'lol',
+        clickAnalytics: true,
+      });
       const results = new SearchResults(state, resultsState.results);
 
       instantSearchInstance.hydrate({
diff --git a/tests/mocks/createSearchClient.ts b/tests/mocks/createSearchClient.ts
index dd06b576d6..26996a5738 100644
--- a/tests/mocks/createSearchClient.ts
+++ b/tests/mocks/createSearchClient.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ export const createSearchClient = (
     )
   ),
   searchForFacetValues: jest.fn(() => Promise.resolve([createSFFVResponse()])),
+  // @ts-ignore this allows us to test insights initialization without warning
+  applicationID: 'appId',
+  apiKey: 'apiKey',
   ...args,
 });
 
diff --git a/tests/utils/widgetSnapshotSerializer.ts b/tests/utils/widgetSnapshotSerializer.ts
index 53e9e570d3..c07e78cc2f 100644
--- a/tests/utils/widgetSnapshotSerializer.ts
+++ b/tests/utils/widgetSnapshotSerializer.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import { createInitOptions } from 'instantsearch.js/test/createWidget';
 function getAttribute(widget: Widget | IndexWidget) {
   try {
     // casted to harmonize between src and es types of the same
-    return getWidgetAttribute(widget, createInitOptions() as InitOptions);
+    return getWidgetAttribute(
+      widget,
+      createInitOptions() as unknown as InitOptions
+    );
   } catch {
     return undefined;
   }