diff --git a/.env b/.env
index d3e1c1d63..5606f73aa 100644
--- a/.env
+++ b/.env
@@ -53,5 +53,5 @@ MAVEN=3.9.9
 # Versions for various dependencies used to build artifacts
 # Keep in sync with apache/arrow
 ARROW_REPO_ROOT=./arrow
-PYTHON=3.9
+PYTHON=3.12
 VCPKG="f7423ee180c4b7f40d43402c2feb3859161ef625" # 2024.06.15 Release
diff --git a/compose.yaml b/compose.yaml
index b125c3c98..d3e0ff7c6 100644
--- a/compose.yaml
+++ b/compose.yaml
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ services:
     # Usage:
     #   docker compose build vcpkg-jni
     #   docker compose run vcpkg-jni
-    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-vcpkg-jni-${VCPKG}
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-vcpkg-jni-${PYTHON}-${VCPKG}
     build:
       context: .
       dockerfile: ci/docker/vcpkg-jni.dockerfile
       cache_from:
-        - ${REPO}:${ARCH}-vcpkg-jni-${VCPKG}
+        - ${REPO}:${ARCH}-vcpkg-jni-${PYTHON}-${VCPKG}
       args:
         base: ${ARROW_REPO}:${ARCH}-python-${PYTHON}-wheel-manylinux-2014-vcpkg-${VCPKG}
     volumes: