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ARROW-17688: [C++][Java][FlightRPC] Substrait, transaction, cancellation for Flight SQL #13492

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Sep 16, 2022

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@lidavidm lidavidm commented Jul 1, 2022

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If this is not a minor PR. Could you open an issue for this pull request on JIRA? https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW

Opening JIRAs ahead of time contributes to the Openness of the Apache Arrow project.

Then could you also rename pull request title in the following format?

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or

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See also:

FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION_SUPPORT_UNKNOWN = 0;
// No supprot
FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION_SUPPORT_NONE = 1;
// Transactions, but not savepoints
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what is the difference between transcations and save points? Are there docs someplace?

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The terminology is taken from JDBC and some databases, e.g. see Postgres, JDBC. I will add some more language so this is reasonably self-contained.

option (experimental) = true;

// The serialized substrait.Plan to create a prepared statement for.
bytes plan = 1;
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I haven't been keeping up but is serialized plan sufficient, or are yaml plugins necessary?

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The root plan contains extension definitions, and I believe they're intended to be self-contained as a result, but I'll seek some clarification: https://github.com/substrait-io/substrait/blob/1080f06298d8e50abcd6acfaa6c425326a7e0579/proto/substrait/plan.proto#L24-L45

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If we're expecting the Protobuf serialized plan here, would it make more sense to just import the substrait proto definition and reference the object directly rather than having to serialize the plan and then stick the bytes inside another serialized protobuf?

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I'd like to keep code dependencies on other Protobuf messages out because Windows/Protobuf has issues with those when they're in different DLLs (as they are with Flight/Flight SQL, and as they would be here). As seen below with the CancelQuery message I already ran into linking issues and I think they're insurmountable unless protoc itself is modified.

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On the wire, the actual encoding is the same either way.

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@lidavidm Fair enough, that makes sense.

* The result of a "BeginTransaction" action.
*
* The transaction/savepoint can be manipulated with the "EndTransaction"
* action, or automatically via server timeout.
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should server timeout be something that the client has the option of specifying? Can it be introspected?

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I chose to follow prepared statements in this regard. I'll add a SqlInfo value to retrieve the timeout.

*/
message ActionBeginTransactionRequest {
// Create a savepoint within the identified transaction. Only supported if
// FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION is FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION_SUPPORT_SAVEPOINT.
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is this misplaced should it be above name?

message ActionBeginTransactionRequest {
// Create a savepoint within the identified transaction. Only supported if
// FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION is FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION_SUPPORT_SAVEPOINT.
bytes transaction_id = 1;
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is transaction_id optional here for a new transaction? it seems like in most cases this should be server assigned?

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Hopefully it's clearer now that it's split. The ID is always server assigned. To begin a savepoint, you must provide the ID of the transaction it falls under.

* Request message for the "EndTransaction" action.
* Commit or rollback a transaction, or release/rollback a savepoint within a transaction.
*/
message ActionEndTransactionRequest {
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what are the semantics relative to savepoint here?

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I clarified the docstring, though I'm not sure what you're referring to here.

// Roll back the transaction or to a savepoint.
END_TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = 2;
}
// Opaque handle for the transaction on the server.
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transaction + savepoint?

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Yes, updated docstring.

@@ -1475,6 +1549,35 @@ message CommandStatementQuery {

// The SQL syntax.
string query = 1;
// Include the query as part of this transaction (by default queries are auto-committed).
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from an RPC optimization standpoint, it seems that maybe we want a way of specifying this should be considered the first action inside of a transaction?

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It seems like maybe there should be something like:

message TransactionDetails {
   oneof transaction {
     ActionBeginTranscation begin_transaction = 1;
     bytes existing_transaction_id = 2;
   }
}

that can be included.

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The intent was to mimic prepared statements: the server assigns the transaction ID and gives it to the client. So here there's not a great way to return the transaction ID to the client. It would be good if FlightInfo could gain an app_metadata field for such things (since Tickets are not meant to be client-introspected).

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I suppose we could use schema metadata for that, though.

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it seems app_metadata would probably be generally useful. It seems like a hack to force the info onto the schema.

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I'll propose that separately when I get a chance (and I'll see if I can set aside some time to help with the small-result optimization stuff)

* For distributed queries (ones that use GetFlightInfo->DoGet), this lets a
* single client explicitly cancel work across all clients, given server support.
*/
message ActionCancelQuery {
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does there need to be a response associated with this?

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What would it contain?

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Could state. CANCELLED, NOT_CANCELLABLE, ALREADY_DONE, CANCELLING. Not sure this is useful, so feel free to ignore.

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If we declare the command idempotent, that could be useful. I suppose the server could just synchronously block until the query is cancelled but then it'd be unclear how to recover from a transient failure.

*/
message ActionCancelQuery {
// The result of the GetFlightInfo RPC that initated the query.
FlightInfo info = 1;
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should this be some sort of ID instead?

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What would it be? Since most of the data inside FlightInfo isn't meant to be introspected, and we haven't specified what the contents of Ticket should be, there's no consistent 'query ID' concept right now. So I chose FlightInfo since presumably that has all information the server needs to identify the query.

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would this be another place where app_metadata would be useful? Otherwise, it seems like the only implementation path for the server would be to introspect one of the tickets? (it would seem lfight descriptors might very commonly be non-unique). This might be fine, I just want to confirm my understanding.

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Yes - if we had FlightInfo.app_metadata, we could return an explicit cancellation token. But given the server is generating the tickets, it should be OK for the server to also introspect them, so long as the client doesn't.

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yeah, I think introspecting the tickets for now should be fine.

* Explicitly cancel a running query.
*
* For distributed queries (ones that use GetFlightInfo->DoGet), this lets a
* single client explicitly cancel work across all clients, given server support.
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are there semantics that need to be considered relative to transcations?

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I'll update it to specify that the transaction is not rolled back/this is only to terminate reading of the result set (CC @jduo is that in line with what you were thinking?)

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This is what I was thinking in terms of read, but also think it should terminate a running write (same as in ODBC/JDBC).

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Thanks - updated. The semantics around cancelling a write are a little unclear, I suppose in autocommit mode it gets committed, and otherwise the client can commit or rollback.

@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch from 120d649 to 8326857 Compare July 5, 2022 15:56
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Generally seems OK to me.

@@ -89,6 +90,31 @@ enum SqlInfo {
*/
FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_READ_ONLY = 3;

/*
* Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports executing Substrait plans.
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So "Flight SQL" is generic enough that it might support things other than actual SQL?

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Yes, the naming is unfortunate, but there's no real reason why we need to be tied to SQL specifically, and no reason why many of the existing concepts can't map to Substrait.

FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION = 5;

/*
* Retrieves an int32 indicating the timeout for prepared statement handles.
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Er... which unit is that? Seconds? Can we make it a real/float instead, if protobuf allows that?

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I made it milliseconds, unless we prefer floating point seconds?

FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION_SUPPORT_NONE = 1;
// Transactions, but not savepoints.
// A savepoint is a mark within a transaction that can be individually
// rolled back to. Not all databases support savepoints.
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Just for my understanding, savepoints are for two-phase commits, right?

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Hmm, not in the distributed systems sense, a savepoint is really just a nested transaction. I included it for parity with JDBC but it's not essential.

message ActionBeginTransactionRequest {
// The transaction to which a savepoint belongs, if applicable.
//
// To begin a transaction, leave this field empty.
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Hmm... should there be two separate commands for starting a transaction and a savepoint, so that they can take different parameters?

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Split into separate commands (though the response messasge and EndTransaction are still shared)


// A serialized substrait.Plan
bytes plan = 1;
// Include the query as part of this transaction (by default queries are auto-committed).
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Does the "default" happen if transaction_id is left unset?

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If so, perhaps replace "by default" with "if unset, " for clarity?

Comment on lines 105 to 142
/*
* Retrieves an int32 indicating the timeout (in milliseconds) for prepared statement handles.
*
* If 0, there is no timeout.
*/
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Should we specify that the timeout is refreshed when the handle is "used"?

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I think so, we should probably provide any semantics necessary for when a timeout is refreshed.

@@ -1475,6 +1577,35 @@ message CommandStatementQuery {

// The SQL syntax.
string query = 1;
// Include the query as part of this transaction (if unset, the query is auto-committed).
bytes transaction_id = 2;
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These transaction_id fields should be explicitly marked optional

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technically, by definition in proto3 all fields are optional and it's unnecessary to explicitly mark any as such.

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@lidavidm lidavidm Aug 24, 2022

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Flight SQL uses explicit optional elsewhere though (just to make it clear what is expected), so Flight SQL actually has a higher protoc minimum version as a result

message ActionBeginTransactionRequest {
// Create a savepoint within the identified transaction. Only supported if
// FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION is FLIGHT_SQL_TRANSACTION_SUPPORT_SAVEPOINT.
bytes transaction_id = 1;
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Hopefully it's clearer now that it's split. The ID is always server assigned. To begin a savepoint, you must provide the ID of the transaction it falls under.

@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch from fcaadae to eae9ee1 Compare July 26, 2022 16:21
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I've been pushing various tweaks to the spec while implementing it in C++.

One thing I will need to change: transaction IDs should be supplied when creating a prepared statement, not when executing them (since generally existing APIs associate the statement with a particular connection).

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lidavidm commented Aug 2, 2022

There's now implementations in C++ and Java.

TODOs:

@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch 2 times, most recently from bb77bbd to 78453af Compare August 4, 2022 21:11
@lidavidm lidavidm changed the title RFC: [FlightRPC][WIP] Substrait, transaction, cancellation for Flight SQL RFC: [C++][Java][FlightRPC] Substrait, transaction, cancellation for Flight SQL Aug 5, 2022
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lidavidm commented Aug 5, 2022

Hmm, Windows builds fail because of a similar issue to #13434 - Protobuf and DLLs don't interact well, since you can't get protoc to insert the dllimport/dllexport declarations correctly.

The easiest thing might be to just punt on CancelQuery for now. Or else, it would have to be

message ActionCancelQueryRequest {
  // XXX(ARROW-16902): A serialized FlightInfo   
  bytes info = 1;
}

and then rely on FlightInfo::Deserialize.

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pitrou commented Aug 8, 2022

@lidavidm Since this is a draft, are you looking for a detailed review or more for general opinions?

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lidavidm commented Aug 8, 2022

The Protobuf definitions deserve more scrutiny; for the code, I'm just looking for general opinions.

@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch from 83241ca to 6431071 Compare August 9, 2022 21:04
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pitrou commented Aug 23, 2022

@lidavidm I don't have time for a second look, unless you really need it :-)

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No worries, just want to make sure!

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Added some comments for clarification

Comment on lines 105 to 142
/*
* Retrieves an int32 indicating the timeout (in milliseconds) for prepared statement handles.
*
* If 0, there is no timeout.
*/
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I think so, we should probably provide any semantics necessary for when a timeout is refreshed.

Comment on lines 803 to 806
// Unknown/not indicated
SQL_SUPPORTED_TRANSACTION_UNKNOWN = 0;
// No support
SQL_SUPPORTED_TRANSACTION_NONE = 1;
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Is there a functional difference here? Or are we just including an "Unknown" so that it will be the default? In most cases developers are likely to treat "unknown" the same as "none" when it comes to transaction support: (ie. don't try calling them)

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Not really - I guess in that case let's just fold them together since there's no point. (I suppose normally in protobuf you'd distinguish the two, but that doesn't apply here.)

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yea, I agree that in protobuf you'd distinguish the two in many cases, but my typical litmus test is if a consumer of the protobuf would treat the "unknown" case differently than the "none" case. And if there isn't any functional difference, it's not necessary to distinguish them.

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Yup - I ended up folding them together

option (experimental) = true;

// The serialized substrait.Plan to create a prepared statement for.
bytes plan = 1;
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If we're expecting the Protobuf serialized plan here, would it make more sense to just import the substrait proto definition and reference the object directly rather than having to serialize the plan and then stick the bytes inside another serialized protobuf?

// XXX(ARROW-16902): this must be a serialized FlightInfo, but is
// rendered as bytes because Protobuf does not really support one
// DLL using Protobuf definitions from another DLL.
bytes info = 1;
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Should this be a serialized flightinfo? or should it actually be a Ticket?

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It should be a FlightInfo because I assume the server needs the information of all endpoints in order to fully cancel a query. Also in the event that we do update FlightInfo with an application metadata field, it would automatically get passed back to the server

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Gotcha, that makes sense then.

Comment on lines 1792 to 1839
CANCEL_RESULT_CANCELLED = 1;
CANCEL_RESULT_CANCELLING = 2;
CANCEL_RESULT_NOT_CANCELLABLE = 3;
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If the server returns CANCEL_RESULT_CANCELLING is a client supposed to poll with subsequent cancel requests until it receives CANCELLED? Or is there a different way to determine when the cancellation is completed?

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That was the intent. I'll document the variants.

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Updated - is this clearer?

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yup much better! thanks!

@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch 3 times, most recently from 265f37a to 0ac1408 Compare August 29, 2022 21:18
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Updated again, since @jvanstraten pointed out that the server may want to know the client's Substrait release version since otherwise it may be unclear how to interpret the plan (even if it parses properly).

Also, adds some validation for SqlInfo values to the integration test + adds SqlInfo values so the server can report Substrait version support.

@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ add_arrow_lib(arrow_flight_sql
STATIC_LINK_LIBS
arrow_flight_static
PRIVATE_INCLUDES
"${Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
"${Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIRS}"
"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../")
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Hmm... what is this for?

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Hmm, I think I needed it originally, but maybe now that we aren't referencing Protobuf files from each other it's not needed anymore - removed

"local_files": {
"items": [
{
"uri_file": "file://FILENAME_PLACEHOLDER",
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Should perhaps use a URI placeholder and produce the proper URI programmatically?

Suggested change
"uri_file": "file://FILENAME_PLACEHOLDER",
"uri_file": "URI_PLACEHOLDER",

ASSERT_OK(server_->Init(options));

std::stringstream ss;
ss << "grpc://localhost:" << server_->port();
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Perhaps expose a server_->connect_uri() instead?

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I was trying not to add new methods (MakeAceroServer just returns the base FlightSqlServerBase) and a server doesn't necessarily know what its 'public' address is (even here, we bind to 0.0.0.0 but assume that it's accessible on 'localhost')

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and a server doesn't necessarily know what its 'public' address is (even here, we bind to 0.0.0.0 but assume that it's accessible on 'localhost')

Hmm... if you mean the server might reside behind a NAT, sure, but at least from a local point of view it should know on which addresses (plural, ideally :-)) it is reachable (perhaps only localhost, or perhaps one interface, or perhaps all/many interfaces...).

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Updated to use server_->location() and bind to localhost instead of 0.0.0.0 (should be OK/preferable in test code anyways)

TEST_F(TestAcero, GetSqlInfo) {
ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
auto flight_info,
client_->GetSqlInfo({}, {
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Can you perhaps make parameters more explicit?

Suggested change
client_->GetSqlInfo({}, {
client_->GetSqlInfo(/*abc=*/{}, /*def=*/{

SqlInfoOptions::SqlInfo::FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_TRANSACTION,
}));
ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto reader,
client_->DoGet({}, flight_info->endpoints()[0].ticket));
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Same here (at least for the first one :-)).

@@ -1416,14 +1477,47 @@ message ActionCreatePreparedStatementRequest {

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Do you plan to remove the "experimental" markers like the above?

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I think not in this RFC, but we should do it in the near future (perhaps after the JDBC driver has seen some use)

* Request message for the "CreatePreparedSubstraitPlan" action on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
*/
message ActionCreatePreparedSubstraitPlanRequest {
option (experimental) = true;
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Is there a particular rationale for adding this option in some message definitions but not all of them?

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No, I just missed it :) I'll fix that.

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Thanks for the comments, I'll update this soon. (I guess these are mostly minor changes and we shouldn't need to restart the vote?)


/*
* Retrieves a string value indicating the maximum supported Substrait version, or null
* if Substrait is not supported.
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As I understand, the backwards compatibility story is not yet worked out, so in the future, this may be less useful, but for now, it's the only way to reliably determine whether a plan can really be executed.

FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = 100;

/*
* Retrieves an int32 indicating the timeout (in milliseconds) for transactions, since transactions are not tied to a connection.
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Maybe @jduo can chime in; this timeout existed implicitly before, but something here is necessary because unlike JDBC/ODBC which can tie these to the lifetime of an actual connection, Flight SQL makes fewer assumptions about state being tied to the gRPC connection (which are more disposable).

@@ -1416,14 +1477,47 @@ message ActionCreatePreparedStatementRequest {

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I think not in this RFC, but we should do it in the near future (perhaps after the JDBC driver has seen some use)

* Request message for the "CreatePreparedSubstraitPlan" action on a Flight SQL enabled backend.
*/
message ActionCreatePreparedSubstraitPlanRequest {
option (experimental) = true;
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No, I just missed it :) I'll fix that.

* Retrieves a boolean value indicating whether the Flight SQL Server supports executing
* Substrait plans.
*/
FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_SUBSTRAIT = 4;
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Hmm, I think that makes sense, though current clients are going to assume SQL support.

FLIGHT_SQL_SERVER_CANCEL = 8;

/*
* Retrieves an int32 indicating the timeout (in milliseconds) for prepared statement handles.
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I'll update this.

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pitrou commented Sep 6, 2022

(I guess these are mostly minor changes and we shouldn't need to restart the vote?)

Yes, definitely.

Also, sorry, the review contains C++ comments that I did some days/weeks ago but had forgotten to submit apparently :-S

@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch from 58f748e to 5823b75 Compare September 6, 2022 15:19
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lidavidm commented Sep 6, 2022

Rebased + updated (minus the timeout since we'd have to change the result set schema for GetSqlInfo to add floating point)

@lidavidm lidavidm changed the title RFC: [C++][Java][FlightRPC] Substrait, transaction, cancellation for Flight SQL ARROW-17688: [C++][Java][FlightRPC] Substrait, transaction, cancellation for Flight SQL Sep 12, 2022
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@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch 2 times, most recently from a8ff5fb to 1a8af54 Compare September 13, 2022 15:58
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I took a quick look at the C++ parts again.

if (!chunk.data) break;

const UInt32Array& info_name =
static_cast<const UInt32Array&>(*chunk.data->column(0));
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Use checked_cast here and below?

namespace acero_example {

namespace {
class GetSchemaSinkNodeConsumer : public compute::SinkNodeConsumer {
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Would be nice to add docstrings/comments explaining each non-trivial helper class here.

Comment on lines 159 to 165
ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto ticket, CreateStatementQueryTicket(command.plan.plan));
std::vector<FlightEndpoint> endpoints{
FlightEndpoint{Ticket{std::move(ticket)}, /*locations=*/{}}};
ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(
auto info, FlightInfo::Make(*output_schema, descriptor, std::move(endpoints),
/*total_records=*/-1, /*total_bytes=*/-1));
return std::unique_ptr<FlightInfo>(new FlightInfo(std::move(info)));
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Nit, but the logic to create the FlightInfo from an encoded substrait plan could perhaps be factored out in a dedicated helper method? (since GetFlightInfoPreparedStatement has the same logic inside)

sqlite3* db_;
std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<SqliteStatement>> prepared_statements_;
std::string db_uri_;
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Nit

Suggested change
std::string db_uri_;
const std::string db_uri_;

std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<SqliteStatement>> prepared_statements_;
std::string db_uri_;
std::mutex mutex_;
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<SqliteStatement>> prepared_statements_;
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I see that accesses to prepared_statements_ are never mutex-protected, is it right?


ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ExecuteSql(new_db, "BEGIN TRANSACTION"));

open_transactions_[handle] = new_db;
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Should be mutex-protected?

Comment on lines 723 to 729
Status status;
if (request.action == ActionEndTransactionRequest::kCommit) {
status = ExecuteSql(it->second, "COMMIT");
} else {
status = ExecuteSql(it->second, "ROLLBACK");
}
sqlite3_close(it->second);
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Not sure how efficient you want this to be, but you might release the lock around these lines (and call open_transactions_.erase before?).

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Updated, thanks Antoine!

@lidavidm lidavidm force-pushed the flight-sql-proposals branch from 274a3d8 to 6c48fdd Compare September 16, 2022 12:14
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CI failures here are addressed/fixed elsewhere

@lidavidm lidavidm merged commit 3ce4014 into apache:master Sep 16, 2022
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ursabot commented Sep 17, 2022

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = d571e93 and contender = 3ce4014. 3ce4014 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed ⬇️0.1% ⬆️0.0%] test-mac-arm
[Failed ⬇️0.28% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.21% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] 3ce40143 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] 3ce40143 test-mac-arm
[Failed] 3ce40143 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 3ce40143 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] d571e93a ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] d571e93a test-mac-arm
[Failed] d571e93a ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] d571e93a ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java

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ursabot commented Sep 17, 2022

['Python', 'R'] benchmarks have high level of regressions.
test-mac-arm
ursa-i9-9960x

zagto pushed a commit to zagto/arrow that referenced this pull request Oct 7, 2022
…ion for Flight SQL (apache#13492)

"[VOTE] Substrait for Flight SQL"
https://lists.apache.org/thread/3k3np6314dwb0n7n1hrfwony5fcy7kzl

Authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
fatemehp pushed a commit to fatemehp/arrow that referenced this pull request Oct 17, 2022
…ion for Flight SQL (apache#13492)

"[VOTE] Substrait for Flight SQL"
https://lists.apache.org/thread/3k3np6314dwb0n7n1hrfwony5fcy7kzl

Authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Yicong-Huang added a commit to Texera/texera that referenced this pull request Dec 13, 2022
This PR bumps Apache Arrow version from 9.0.0 to 10.0.0.

Main changes related to PyAmber:

## Java/Scala side:

- JDBC Driver for Arrow Flight SQL
([13800](apache/arrow#13800))
- Initial implementation of immutable Table API
([14316](apache/arrow#14316))
- Substrait, transaction, cancellation for Flight SQL
([13492](apache/arrow#13492))
- Read Arrow IPC, CSV, and ORC files by NativeDatasetFactory
([13811](apache/arrow#13811),
[13973](apache/arrow#13973),
[14182](apache/arrow#14182))
- Add utility to bind Arrow data to JDBC parameters
([13589](apache/arrow#13589))

## Python side:

- The batch_readahead and fragment_readahead arguments for scanning
Datasets are exposed in Python
([ARROW-17299](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17299)).
- ExtensionArrays can now be created from a storage array through the
pa.array(..) constructor
([ARROW-17834](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17834)).
- Converting ListArrays containing ExtensionArray values to numpy or
pandas works by falling back to the storage array
([ARROW-17813](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17813)).
- Casting Tables to a new schema now honors the nullability flag in the
target schema
([ARROW-16651](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-16651)).
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