diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformance.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformance.java
index 2e5a386ba32..e6493b3a091 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformance.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformance.java
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ public interface SqlConformance {
    * <p>Among the built-in conformance levels, true in
    * {@link SqlConformanceEnum#DEFAULT},
    * {@link SqlConformanceEnum#BABEL},
+   * {@link SqlConformanceEnum#BIG_QUERY},
    * {@link SqlConformanceEnum#LENIENT},
    * {@link SqlConformanceEnum#MYSQL_5},
    * {@link SqlConformanceEnum#ORACLE_10},
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformanceEnum.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformanceEnum.java
index 76786f4531a..dd564741034 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformanceEnum.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/validate/SqlConformanceEnum.java
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ public enum SqlConformanceEnum implements SqlConformance {
     case DEFAULT:
     case BABEL:
     case LENIENT:
+    case BIG_QUERY:
     case MYSQL_5:
     case ORACLE_10:
     case ORACLE_12:
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
index b2f91e384fc..d1dbdcfcb80 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
@@ -6710,6 +6710,17 @@ public boolean isBangEqualAllowed() {
     sql("select 'foo' as empno from emp order by empno + 5").ok();
   }
 
+  /** Tests that you can reference a column alias in the ORDER BY clause if
+   * {@link SqlConformance#isSortByAlias()}. */
+  @Test void testOrderByAlias() {
+    sql("select count(*) as total from emp order by ^total^")
+        .ok()
+        .withConformance(SqlConformanceEnum.BIG_QUERY)
+        .ok()
+        .withConformance(SqlConformanceEnum.STRICT_2003)
+        .fails("Column 'TOTAL' not found in any table");
+  }
+
   @Test void testOrderJoin() {
     sql("select * from emp as e, dept as d order by e.empno").ok();
   }