diff --git a/impl/maven-impl/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/impl/model/DefaultModelBuilder.java b/impl/maven-impl/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/impl/model/DefaultModelBuilder.java
index c27eb4dc0820..0946c76b36d8 100644
--- a/impl/maven-impl/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/impl/model/DefaultModelBuilder.java
+++ b/impl/maven-impl/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/impl/model/DefaultModelBuilder.java
@@ -1169,9 +1169,6 @@ private Model readEffectiveModel() throws ModelBuilderException {
Model model = inheritanceAssembler.assembleModelInheritance(inputModel, parentModel, request, this);
- // model normalization
- model = modelNormalizer.mergeDuplicates(model, request, this);
-
// profile activation
profileActivationContext.setModel(model);
@@ -1186,6 +1183,9 @@ private Model readEffectiveModel() throws ModelBuilderException {
Model resultModel = model;
resultModel = interpolateModel(resultModel, request, this);
+ // model normalization
+ resultModel = modelNormalizer.mergeDuplicates(resultModel, request, this);
+
// url normalization
resultModel = modelUrlNormalizer.normalize(resultModel, request);
diff --git a/its/core-it-suite/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/it/MavenITgh2532DuplicateDependencyEffectiveModelTest.java b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/it/MavenITgh2532DuplicateDependencyEffectiveModelTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8c54722aa50b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/it/MavenITgh2532DuplicateDependencyEffectiveModelTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.maven.it;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This is a test set for GH-2532.
+ *
+ * The issue occurs when a project has duplicate dependencies in the effective model due to
+ * property placeholders in dependency coordinates. Before the fix, deduplication was performed
+ * before interpolation, causing dependencies like {@code scalatest_${scala.binary.version}} and
+ * {@code scalatest_2.13} to be seen as different dependencies. After interpolation, they become
+ * the same dependency, leading to a "duplicate dependency" error during the build.
+ *
+ * The fix moves the deduplication step to after interpolation, ensuring that dependencies with
+ * property placeholders are properly deduplicated after their values are resolved.
+ */
+class MavenITgh2532DuplicateDependencyEffectiveModelTest extends AbstractMavenIntegrationTestCase {
+
+ MavenITgh2532DuplicateDependencyEffectiveModelTest() {
+ super("[4.0.0-rc-3,)");
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Tests that a project with dependencies using property placeholders in artifact coordinates
+ * can be built successfully without "duplicate dependency" errors when the same dependency
+ * appears in multiple places in the effective model.
+ *
+ * This test reproduces the scenario where:
+ *
+ * - A dependency is defined with a property placeholder in the artifactId (e.g., scalatest_${scala.binary.version})
+ * - The same dependency appears in parent and child modules
+ * - The maven-shade-plugin is used, which triggers the duplicate dependency check
+ *
+ * Before the fix, deduplication happened before interpolation, so scalatest_${scala.binary.version}
+ * and scalatest_2.13 were seen as different dependencies. After interpolation, they become the same,
+ * causing a "duplicate dependency" error during the shade goal.
+ *
+ * The fix moves deduplication to after interpolation, ensuring proper deduplication.
+ */
+ @Test
+ void testDuplicateDependencyWithPropertyPlaceholders() throws Exception {
+ File testDir = extractResources("/gh-2532-duplicate-dependency-effective-model");
+
+ Verifier verifier = new Verifier(testDir.getAbsolutePath());
+ verifier.setLogFileName("testDuplicateDependencyWithPropertyPlaceholders.txt");
+ verifier.addCliArgument("package");
+ verifier.execute();
+
+ verifier.verifyErrorFreeLog();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/its/core-it-suite/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/it/TestSuiteOrdering.java b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/it/TestSuiteOrdering.java
index 91a50cf03b58..001d66b5a9ee 100644
--- a/its/core-it-suite/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/it/TestSuiteOrdering.java
+++ b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/it/TestSuiteOrdering.java
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ public TestSuiteOrdering() {
* the tests are to finishing. Newer tests are also more likely to fail, so this is
* a fail fast technique as well.
*/
+ suite.addTestSuite(MavenITgh2532DuplicateDependencyEffectiveModelTest.class);
suite.addTestSuite(MavenITmng8736ConcurrentFileActivationTest.class);
suite.addTestSuite(MavenITmng8744CIFriendlyTest.class);
suite.addTestSuite(MavenITmng8572DITypeHandlerTest.class);
diff --git a/its/core-it-suite/src/test/resources/gh-2532-duplicate-dependency-effective-model/module-a/pom.xml b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/resources/gh-2532-duplicate-dependency-effective-model/module-a/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a4a3826133e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/resources/gh-2532-duplicate-dependency-effective-model/module-a/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.its.gh2532
+ parent
+ 1.0-SNAPSHOT
+
+
+ module-a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.scalatest
+ scalatest_${scala.binary.version}
+ ${scalatest.version}
+ compile
+
+
+
diff --git a/its/core-it-suite/src/test/resources/gh-2532-duplicate-dependency-effective-model/pom.xml b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/resources/gh-2532-duplicate-dependency-effective-model/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d09e1f374b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/its/core-it-suite/src/test/resources/gh-2532-duplicate-dependency-effective-model/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+
+
+ 4.0.0
+
+ org.apache.maven.its.gh2532
+ parent
+ 1.0-SNAPSHOT
+ pom
+
+
+ module-a
+
+
+
+ 2.13
+ 3.2.19
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.scalatest
+ scalatest_${scala.binary.version}
+ ${scalatest.version}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.scalatest
+ scalatest_${scala.binary.version}
+ test
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ org.apache.maven.plugins
+ maven-shade-plugin
+ 3.6.0
+
+ false
+
+
+
+
+ shade
+
+ package
+
+
+
+
+
+