diff --git a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs
index 86a1f6a21b3..95cf1b75499 100644
--- a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/backend.rs
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ impl Access for AliyunDriveBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/core.rs b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/core.rs
index c682fc19137..7a9141f9d6c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/core.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl AliyunDriveCore {
         }
         let res = self.client.send(req).await?;
         if !res.status().is_success() {
-            return Err(parse_error(res).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(res));
         }
         Ok(res.into_body())
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/error.rs b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/error.rs
index ec2ad85e08f..8c06b988a75 100644
--- a/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/aliyun_drive/error.rs
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 use crate::*;
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Deserialize)]
-pub struct AliyunDriveError {
+struct AliyunDriveError {
     code: String,
     message: String,
 }
 
-pub async fn parse_error(res: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(res: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = res.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
     let (code, message) = serde_json::from_reader::<_, AliyunDriveError>(bs.clone().reader())
@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(res: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
     if retryable {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs b/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs
index 8e8bdc14836..a5882c2910e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/alluxio/backend.rs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl Access for AlluxioBackend {
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
             let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-            return Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)));
         }
         Ok((RpRead::new(), resp.into_body()))
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/alluxio/core.rs b/core/src/services/alluxio/core.rs
index 52aab529242..788778bd362 100644
--- a/core/src/services/alluxio/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/alluxio/core.rs
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
                     serde_json::from_reader(body.reader()).map_err(new_json_serialize_error)?;
                 Ok(steam_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
                     serde_json::from_reader(body.reader()).map_err(new_json_serialize_error)?;
                 Ok(steam_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
             _ => {
-                let err = parse_error(resp).await?;
+                let err = parse_error(resp);
                 if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound {
                     return Ok(());
                 }
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
                     serde_json::from_reader(body.reader()).map_err(new_json_serialize_error)?;
                 Ok(file_info)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
                     serde_json::from_reader(body.reader()).map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(file_infos)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
                     serde_json::from_reader(body.reader()).map_err(new_json_serialize_error)?;
                 Ok(size)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ impl AlluxioCore {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/alluxio/error.rs b/core/src/services/alluxio/error.rs
index b20be9b5479..6b7da11d2ae 100644
--- a/core/src/services/alluxio/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/alluxio/error.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct AlluxioError {
     message: String,
 }
 
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
 
     err = with_error_response_context(err, parts);
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     /// Error response example is from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/ErrorResponses.html
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_parse_error() {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_error() {
         let err_res = vec![
             (
                 r#"{"statusCode":"ALREADY_EXISTS","message":"The resource you requested already exist"}"#,
@@ -91,10 +91,9 @@ mod tests {
                 .body(body)
                 .unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs b/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs
index c084223cc00..8f905e3efe6 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azblob/backend.rs
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ impl Access for AzblobBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => parse_into_metadata(path, resp.headers()).map(RpStat::new),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ impl Access for AzblobBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ impl Access for AzblobBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::ACCEPTED | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ impl Access for AzblobBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::ACCEPTED => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ impl Access for AzblobBackend {
 
         // check response status
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::ACCEPTED {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         // get boundary from response header
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ impl Access for AzblobBackend {
             if resp.status() == StatusCode::ACCEPTED || resp.status() == StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
                 results.push((path, Ok(RpDelete::default().into())));
             } else {
-                results.push((path, Err(parse_error(resp).await?)));
+                results.push((path, Err(parse_error(resp))));
             }
         }
         Ok(RpBatch::new(results))
diff --git a/core/src/services/azblob/error.rs b/core/src/services/azblob/error.rs
index f1e3de09455..a8d59695291 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azblob/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azblob/error.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Debug for AzblobError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/core/src/services/azblob/lister.rs b/core/src/services/azblob/lister.rs
index 9904500765a..f0ad7276ca1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azblob/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azblob/lister.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for AzblobLister {
             .await?;
 
         if resp.status() != http::StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/azblob/writer.rs b/core/src/services/azblob/writer.rs
index 48c42dc3959..7659d564bbf 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azblob/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azblob/writer.rs
@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for AzblobWriter {
                         // do nothing
                     }
                     _ => {
-                        return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                        return Err(parse_error(resp));
                     }
                 }
                 Ok(0)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for AzblobWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for AzblobWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for AzblobWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for AzblobWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs b/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs
index 2c5bd72feab..34d7125d6fa 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azdls/backend.rs
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ impl Access for AzdlsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ impl Access for AzdlsBackend {
         let resp = self.core.azdls_get_properties(path).await?;
 
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let mut meta = parse_into_metadata(path, resp.headers())?;
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ impl Access for AzdlsBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ impl Access for AzdlsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ impl Access for AzdlsBackend {
             let status = resp.status();
             match status {
                 StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::CONFLICT => {}
-                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
         }
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ impl Access for AzdlsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(RpRename::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/azdls/error.rs b/core/src/services/azdls/error.rs
index ba5bf95f701..de50c5638a4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azdls/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azdls/error.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Debug for AzdlsError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/azdls/lister.rs b/core/src/services/azdls/lister.rs
index 7fd8c2cdc75..1296cb5b54d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azdls/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azdls/lister.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for AzdlsLister {
         }
 
         if resp.status() != http::StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         // Return self at the first page.
diff --git a/core/src/services/azdls/writer.rs b/core/src/services/azdls/writer.rs
index 2738cb9e88f..dc1bc760502 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azdls/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azdls/writer.rs
@@ -53,9 +53,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for AzdlsWriter {
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => {}
             _ => {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp)
-                    .await?
-                    .with_operation("Backend::azdls_create_request"));
+                return Err(parse_error(resp).with_operation("Backend::azdls_create_request"));
             }
         }
 
@@ -70,9 +68,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for AzdlsWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::ACCEPTED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)
-                .await?
-                .with_operation("Backend::azdls_update_request")),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).with_operation("Backend::azdls_update_request")),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -87,7 +83,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for AzdlsWriter {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(parse_content_length(headers)?.unwrap_or_default()),
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(0),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -105,9 +101,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for AzdlsWriter {
             match status {
                 StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => {}
                 _ => {
-                    return Err(parse_error(resp)
-                        .await?
-                        .with_operation("Backend::azdls_create_request"));
+                    return Err(parse_error(resp).with_operation("Backend::azdls_create_request"));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -123,9 +117,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for AzdlsWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::ACCEPTED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)
-                .await?
-                .with_operation("Backend::azdls_update_request")),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).with_operation("Backend::azdls_update_request")),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs
index 61ab64717d0..31ca40308fc 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/backend.rs
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ impl Access for AzfileBackend {
                 {
                     Ok(RpCreateDir::default())
                 } else {
-                    Err(parse_error(resp).await?)
+                    Err(parse_error(resp))
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ impl Access for AzfileBackend {
                 let meta = parse_into_metadata(path, resp.headers())?;
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ impl Access for AzfileBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ impl Access for AzfileBackend {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::ACCEPTED | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ impl Access for AzfileBackend {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpRename::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/core.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/core.rs
index 77f434b4a49..eaa7eb10302 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azfile/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/core.rs
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ impl AzfileCore {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/error.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/error.rs
index 08888e1fa8a..63f8b933fff 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azfile/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/error.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Debug for AzfileError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/lister.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/lister.rs
index 127072a561c..5b59fafce7e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azfile/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/lister.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for AzfileLister {
                 ctx.done = true;
                 return Ok(());
             }
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         // Return self at the first page.
diff --git a/core/src/services/azfile/writer.rs b/core/src/services/azfile/writer.rs
index b111aae3123..9a5323c7efe 100644
--- a/core/src/services/azfile/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/azfile/writer.rs
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for AzfileWriter {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => {}
             _ => {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp)
-                    .await?
-                    .with_operation("Backend::azfile_create_file"));
+                return Err(parse_error(resp).with_operation("Backend::azfile_create_file"));
             }
         }
 
@@ -62,9 +60,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for AzfileWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)
-                .await?
-                .with_operation("Backend::azfile_update")),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).with_operation("Backend::azfile_update")),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for AzfileWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(parse_content_length(resp.headers())?.unwrap_or_default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -90,9 +86,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for AzfileWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)
-                .await?
-                .with_operation("Backend::azfile_update")),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).with_operation("Backend::azfile_update")),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs b/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs
index 348c5ad57ce..2e613a81f04 100644
--- a/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/backend.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ impl Access for B2Backend {
                 let meta = parse_file_info(&resp.files[0]);
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ impl Access for B2Backend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ impl Access for B2Backend {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             _ => {
-                let err = parse_error(resp).await?;
+                let err = parse_error(resp);
                 match err.kind() {
                     ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
                     // Representative deleted
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ impl Access for B2Backend {
                 let file_id = resp.files[0].clone().file_id;
                 Ok(file_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }?;
 
         let Some(source_file_id) = source_file_id else {
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ impl Access for B2Backend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/core.rs b/core/src/services/b2/core.rs
index 227a69e6d59..2c0256eda26 100644
--- a/core/src/services/b2/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/core.rs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ impl B2Core {
                     };
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                    return Err(parse_error(resp));
                 }
             }
             Ok(signer.auth_info.clone())
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl B2Core {
                     .map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(resp)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ impl B2Core {
                     .map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(resp)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ impl B2Core {
                     .map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(resp)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/error.rs b/core/src/services/b2/error.rs
index 193d2778f01..678b5bb8386 100644
--- a/core/src/services/b2/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/error.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ struct B2Error {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 /// Returns the `Error kind` of this code and whether the error is retryable.
-pub fn parse_b2_error_code(code: &str) -> Option<(ErrorKind, bool)> {
+pub(crate) fn parse_b2_error_code(code: &str) -> Option<(ErrorKind, bool)> {
     match code {
         "already_hidden" => Some((ErrorKind::AlreadyExists, false)),
         "no_such_file" => Some((ErrorKind::NotFound, false)),
@@ -124,10 +124,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/lister.rs b/core/src/services/b2/lister.rs
index 7b78edb76eb..1a35c77938b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/b2/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/lister.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for B2Lister {
             .await?;
 
         if resp.status() != http::StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/b2/writer.rs b/core/src/services/b2/writer.rs
index f1741fd0131..dcbabc81f8b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/b2/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/b2/writer.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for B2Writer {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for B2Writer {
 
                 Ok(result.file_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for B2Writer {
                     checksum: None,
                 })
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for B2Writer {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for B2Writer {
         match resp.status() {
             // b2 returns code 200 if abort succeeds.
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs b/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs
index 4983ef6d58f..64832841f4d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/chainsafe/backend.rs
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl Access for ChainsafeBackend {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
             // Allow 409 when creating a existing dir
             StatusCode::CONFLICT => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl Access for ChainsafeBackend {
                     serde_json::from_reader(bs.reader()).map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(RpStat::new(parse_info(output.content)))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ impl Access for ChainsafeBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ impl Access for ChainsafeBackend {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             // Allow 404 when deleting a non-existing object
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/chainsafe/error.rs b/core/src/services/chainsafe/error.rs
index 64e3b701596..2a546c314bb 100644
--- a/core/src/services/chainsafe/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/chainsafe/error.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct ChainsafeSubError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ mod test {
 
     use super::*;
 
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_parse_error() {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_error() {
         let err_res = vec![(
             r#"{
                     "error": {
@@ -95,10 +95,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/chainsafe/lister.rs b/core/src/services/chainsafe/lister.rs
index 4d419cd3d5d..9d6e82275cc 100644
--- a/core/src/services/chainsafe/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/chainsafe/lister.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for ChainsafeLister {
 
                 Ok(())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/chainsafe/writer.rs b/core/src/services/chainsafe/writer.rs
index 976f0c29de5..b1c01cc94e1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/chainsafe/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/chainsafe/writer.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for ChainsafeWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs b/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs
index a3768395c66..ff4db12ee42 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cos/backend.rs
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ impl Access for CosBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => parse_into_metadata(path, resp.headers()).map(RpStat::new),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ impl Access for CosBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ impl Access for CosBackend {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT | StatusCode::ACCEPTED | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => {
                 Ok(RpDelete::default())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ impl Access for CosBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/cos/error.rs b/core/src/services/cos/error.rs
index b9b931d07f4..65639e72059 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cos/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cos/error.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct CosError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
     if retryable {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/core/src/services/cos/lister.rs b/core/src/services/cos/lister.rs
index b5b66596fab..88054442500 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cos/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cos/lister.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for CosLister {
             .await?;
 
         if resp.status() != http::StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/cos/writer.rs b/core/src/services/cos/writer.rs
index 2cc053f24e5..dd6e27a4f91 100644
--- a/core/src/services/cos/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/cos/writer.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for CosWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for CosWriter {
 
                 Ok(result.upload_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for CosWriter {
                     checksum: None,
                 })
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for CosWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for CosWriter {
             // cos returns code 204 if abort succeeds.
             // Reference: https://www.tencentcloud.com/document/product/436/7740
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for CosWriter {
                 Ok(content_length)
             }
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(0),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for CosWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs b/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs
index 3e37a532adf..f50fd674742 100644
--- a/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/d1/backend.rs
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl kv::Adapter for Adapter {
                 let d1_response = D1Response::parse(&bs)?;
                 Ok(d1_response.get_result(&self.value_field))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ impl kv::Adapter for Adapter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ impl kv::Adapter for Adapter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/d1/error.rs b/core/src/services/d1/error.rs
index b627fb08710..f9cdf66b23e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/d1/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/d1/error.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 pub fn parse_d1_error_code(errors: Vec<D1Error>) -> Option<(ErrorKind, bool)> {
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs
index bf1152daea0..ee2cc2ac054 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/backend.rs
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ impl Access for DbfsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ impl Access for DbfsBackend {
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND if path.ends_with('/') => {
                 Ok(RpStat::new(Metadata::new(EntryMode::DIR)))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ impl Access for DbfsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ impl Access for DbfsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpRename::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/core.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/core.rs
index ce4117b3dae..6188c0e01e9 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dbfs/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/core.rs
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl DbfsCore {
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => {
                 self.dbfs_create_dir(path).await?;
             }
-            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/error.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/error.rs
index 53ed447489f..ca5b3a2c20b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dbfs/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/error.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl Debug for DbfsError {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -71,5 +71,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/lister.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/lister.rs
index 6a48066a584..58f8fc81694 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dbfs/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/lister.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for DbfsLister {
                 ctx.done = true;
                 return Ok(());
             }
-            let error = parse_error(response).await?;
+            let error = parse_error(response);
             return Err(error);
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/dbfs/writer.rs b/core/src/services/dbfs/writer.rs
index e1e261c75e7..ff6d6420185 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dbfs/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dbfs/writer.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for DbfsWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/backend.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/backend.rs
index a6ba1a86f6f..9cc96b0ddce 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dropbox/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/backend.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl Access for DropboxBackend {
                 }
                 Ok(RpStat::new(metadata))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl Access for DropboxBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ impl Access for DropboxBackend {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             _ => {
-                let err = parse_error(resp).await?;
+                let err = parse_error(resp);
                 match err.kind() {
                     ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
                     _ => Err(err),
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ impl Access for DropboxBackend {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
             _ => {
-                let err = parse_error(resp).await?;
+                let err = parse_error(resp);
                 match err.kind() {
                     ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
                     _ => Err(err),
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ impl Access for DropboxBackend {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpRename::default()),
             _ => {
-                let err = parse_error(resp).await?;
+                let err = parse_error(resp);
                 match err.kind() {
                     ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(RpRename::default()),
                     _ => Err(err),
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ impl Access for DropboxBackend {
 
         let resp = self.core.dropbox_delete_batch(paths).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/core.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/core.rs
index bbf05dca455..1162eb5e762 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dropbox/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/core.rs
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ impl DropboxCore {
 
         let resp = self.client.send(request).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl DropboxCore {
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
             _ => {
-                let err = parse_error(resp).await?;
+                let err = parse_error(resp);
                 match err.kind() {
                     ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
                     _ => Err(err),
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/error.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/error.rs
index 47483672da0..ec242c6f7f9 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dropbox/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/error.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct DropboxErrorResponse {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 /// We cannot get the error type from the response header when the status code is 409.
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/lister.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/lister.rs
index 8b49e6b4ee2..4b07da42790 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dropbox/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/lister.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for DropboxLister {
         let status_code = response.status();
 
         if !status_code.is_success() {
-            let error = parse_error(response).await?;
+            let error = parse_error(response);
 
             let result = match error.kind() {
                 ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(()),
diff --git a/core/src/services/dropbox/writer.rs b/core/src/services/dropbox/writer.rs
index 3adbf063f2a..b4eaf2aa782 100644
--- a/core/src/services/dropbox/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/dropbox/writer.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for DropboxWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/ftp/err.rs b/core/src/services/ftp/err.rs
index e9eba974f98..eac889880c4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ftp/err.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ftp/err.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use suppaftp::Status;
 use crate::Error;
 use crate::ErrorKind;
 
-pub fn parse_error(err: FtpError) -> Error {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(err: FtpError) -> Error {
     let (kind, retryable) = match err {
         // Allow retry for error
         //
diff --git a/core/src/services/gcs/error.rs b/core/src/services/gcs/error.rs
index f3df0066cee..1410c4fa0d3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gcs/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gcs/error.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct GcsErrorDetail {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.to_bytes();
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/backend.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/backend.rs
index 082dd49b945..09c51fd2c83 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gdrive/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/backend.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl Access for GdriveBackend {
         let resp = self.core.gdrive_stat(path).await?;
 
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl Access for GdriveBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl Access for GdriveBackend {
         let resp = self.core.gdrive_trash(&file_id).await?;
         let status = resp.status();
         if status != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         self.core.path_cache.remove(&path).await;
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ impl Access for GdriveBackend {
             let resp = self.core.gdrive_trash(&id).await?;
             let status = resp.status();
             if status != StatusCode::OK {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                return Err(parse_error(resp));
             }
 
             self.core.path_cache.remove(&to_path).await;
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ impl Access for GdriveBackend {
 
         match resp.status() {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl Access for GdriveBackend {
             let resp = self.core.gdrive_trash(&id).await?;
             let status = resp.status();
             if status != StatusCode::OK {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                return Err(parse_error(resp));
             }
 
             self.core.path_cache.remove(&target).await;
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ impl Access for GdriveBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpRename::default())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/core.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/core.rs
index e418d6a6cd2..af4407ee9e1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gdrive/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/core.rs
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ impl GdriveSigner {
                         - chrono::TimeDelta::try_seconds(120).expect("120 must be valid seconds");
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                    return Err(parse_error(resp));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ impl PathQuery for GdrivePathQuery {
                     Ok(None)
                 }
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ impl PathQuery for GdrivePathQuery {
 
         let resp = self.client.send(req).await?;
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let body = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/error.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/error.rs
index 050b1558ff8..94e00789f5c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gdrive/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/error.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ struct GdriveInnerError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 pub fn parse_gdrive_error_code(message: &str) -> Option<(ErrorKind, bool)> {
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/lister.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/lister.rs
index 108df8b42ad..2dfec0e739c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gdrive/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/lister.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for GdriveLister {
 
         let bytes = match resp.status() {
             StatusCode::OK => resp.into_body().to_bytes(),
-            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
         };
 
         // Gdrive returns empty content when this dir is not exist.
diff --git a/core/src/services/gdrive/writer.rs b/core/src/services/gdrive/writer.rs
index 46b6f85e3b1..bfabff97a14 100644
--- a/core/src/services/gdrive/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/gdrive/writer.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for GdriveWriter {
                 }
                 Ok(())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs b/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs
index 3d8a5cbce76..02db9793eb1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ghac/backend.rs
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ impl Access for GhacBackend {
                 serde_json::from_reader(slc.reader()).map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
             query_resp.archive_location
         } else {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         };
 
         let req = Request::get(location)
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ impl Access for GhacBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl Access for GhacBackend {
                 serde_json::from_reader(slc.reader()).map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
             query_resp.archive_location
         } else {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         };
 
         let req = self.ghac_get_location(&location, args.range()).await?;
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ impl Access for GhacBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -337,9 +337,7 @@ impl Access for GhacBackend {
                 serde_json::from_reader(slc.reader()).map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
             reserve_resp.cache_id
         } else {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp)
-                .await
-                .map(|err| err.with_operation("Backend::ghac_reserve"))?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp).map(|err| err.with_operation("Backend::ghac_reserve")));
         };
 
         Ok((RpWrite::default(), GhacWriter::new(self.clone(), cache_id)))
@@ -359,7 +357,7 @@ impl Access for GhacBackend {
         if resp.status().is_success() || resp.status() == StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
             Ok(RpDelete::default())
         } else {
-            Err(parse_error(resp).await?)
+            Err(parse_error(resp))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/ghac/error.rs b/core/src/services/ghac/error.rs
index c0f99437f2c..a2736e05b65 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ghac/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ghac/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
 
     let (kind, retryable) = match parts.status {
@@ -49,5 +49,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/ghac/writer.rs b/core/src/services/ghac/writer.rs
index 3b58dd0fc2d..ed825bdb5a4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ghac/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ghac/writer.rs
@@ -55,9 +55,7 @@ impl oio::Write for GhacWriter {
         let resp = self.backend.client.send(req).await?;
 
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp)
-                .await
-                .map(|err| err.with_operation("Backend::ghac_upload"))?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp).map(|err| err.with_operation("Backend::ghac_upload")));
         }
 
         self.size += size as u64;
@@ -75,9 +73,7 @@ impl oio::Write for GhacWriter {
         if resp.status().is_success() {
             Ok(())
         } else {
-            Err(parse_error(resp)
-                .await
-                .map(|err| err.with_operation("Backend::ghac_commit"))?)
+            Err(parse_error(resp).map(|err| err.with_operation("Backend::ghac_commit")))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/github/backend.rs b/core/src/services/github/backend.rs
index 8bc8940c775..23dfee60b14 100644
--- a/core/src/services/github/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/github/backend.rs
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ impl Access for GithubBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ impl Access for GithubBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpStat::new(m))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ impl Access for GithubBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/github/core.rs b/core/src/services/github/core.rs
index c68dc3b2e4f..236f6efb7a1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/github/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/github/core.rs
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl GithubCore {
                 Ok(Some(resp.sha))
             }
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(None),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl GithubCore {
         match resp.status() {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ impl GithubCore {
                 Ok(resp)
             }
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(ListResponse::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ impl GithubCore {
 
                 Ok(resp.tree)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/github/error.rs b/core/src/services/github/error.rs
index 90248de3244..3109370ad3d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/github/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/github/error.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct GithubSubError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -93,10 +93,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/github/writer.rs b/core/src/services/github/writer.rs
index 095da015721..381a497d205 100644
--- a/core/src/services/github/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/github/writer.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for GithubWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/http/backend.rs b/core/src/services/http/backend.rs
index 8d80e5f2b51..ff739014ff4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/http/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/http/backend.rs
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ impl Access for HttpBackend {
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND | StatusCode::FORBIDDEN if path.ends_with('/') => {
                 Ok(RpStat::new(Metadata::new(EntryMode::DIR)))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ impl Access for HttpBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/http/error.rs b/core/src/services/http/error.rs
index bd17f091346..e2c2947f893 100644
--- a/core/src/services/http/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/http/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs b/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs
index f0118f1ed1c..2a893b4bc8c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/huggingface/backend.rs
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ impl Access for HuggingfaceBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ impl Access for HuggingfaceBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/huggingface/error.rs b/core/src/services/huggingface/error.rs
index 0502e1cb6bb..61abc2c25d1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/huggingface/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/huggingface/error.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Debug for HuggingfaceError {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/core/src/services/huggingface/lister.rs b/core/src/services/huggingface/lister.rs
index 8c2189c8b0a..862c672367b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/huggingface/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/huggingface/lister.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for HuggingfaceLister {
 
         let status_code = response.status();
         if !status_code.is_success() {
-            let error = parse_error(response).await?;
+            let error = parse_error(response);
             return Err(error);
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs b/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs
index 0066946ae82..e0531fca39c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/icloud/backend.rs
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ impl Access for IcloudBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/icloud/core.rs b/core/src/services/icloud/core.rs
index 306c0ad206b..1028ba9f657 100644
--- a/core/src/services/icloud/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/icloud/core.rs
@@ -164,13 +164,13 @@ impl IcloudSigner {
 
         let resp = self.client.send(req).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         if let Some(rscd) = resp.headers().get(APPLE_RESPONSE_HEADER) {
             let status_code = StatusCode::from_bytes(rscd.as_bytes()).unwrap();
             if status_code != StatusCode::CONFLICT {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                return Err(parse_error(resp));
             }
         }
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ impl IcloudSigner {
 
         let resp = self.client.send(req).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         // Update SessionData cookies.We need obtain `X-APPLE-WEBAUTH-USER` cookie to get file.
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ impl IcloudCore {
 
         let resp = signer.send(req).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let body = resp.into_body();
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ impl IcloudCore {
 
         let resp = signer.send(req).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let body = resp.into_body();
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ impl PathQuery for IcloudPathQuery {
 
         let resp = signer.send(req).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let body = resp.into_body();
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ impl PathQuery for IcloudPathQuery {
 
         let resp = signer.send(req).await?;
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let body = resp.into_body();
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ impl PathQuery for IcloudPathQuery {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
 
     err = with_error_response_context(err, parts);
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Deserialize)]
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs
index 2a72efc9a91..a63afce8874 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipfs/backend.rs
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ impl Access for IpfsBackend {
             StatusCode::FOUND | StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY => {
                 Ok(RpStat::new(Metadata::new(EntryMode::DIR)))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ impl Access for IpfsBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for DirStream {
         let resp = self.backend.ipfs_list(&self.path).await?;
 
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipfs/error.rs b/core/src/services/ipfs/error.rs
index 8e6922236b2..9f7e183160b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipfs/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipfs/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -49,5 +49,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipmfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/ipmfs/backend.rs
index 9ebef20e44f..86cd6f94988 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipmfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipmfs/backend.rs
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl Access for IpmfsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ impl Access for IpmfsBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl Access for IpmfsBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl Access for IpmfsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipmfs/error.rs b/core/src/services/ipmfs/error.rs
index 3d20e93d5d8..780e3388a4b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipmfs/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipmfs/error.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ struct IpfsError {
 /// > (if no error, check the daemon logs).
 ///
 /// ref: https://docs.ipfs.tech/reference/kubo/rpc/#http-status-codes
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -80,5 +80,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipmfs/lister.rs b/core/src/services/ipmfs/lister.rs
index 0ba252da625..63e1bc420a0 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipmfs/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipmfs/lister.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for IpmfsLister {
         let resp = self.backend.ipmfs_ls(&self.path).await?;
 
         if resp.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/ipmfs/writer.rs b/core/src/services/ipmfs/writer.rs
index ec0811bf833..e04eafcf736 100644
--- a/core/src/services/ipmfs/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/ipmfs/writer.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for IpmfsWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs
index 0b638df3211..59016ee71d3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/backend.rs
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ impl Access for KoofrBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpStat::new(md))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ impl Access for KoofrBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ impl Access for KoofrBackend {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             // Allow 404 when deleting a non-existing object
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ impl Access for KoofrBackend {
         let status = resp.status();
 
         if status != StatusCode::OK && status != StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let resp = self.core.copy(from, to).await?;
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ impl Access for KoofrBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ impl Access for KoofrBackend {
         let status = resp.status();
 
         if status != StatusCode::OK && status != StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let resp = self.core.move_object(from, to).await?;
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ impl Access for KoofrBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpRename::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/core.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/core.rs
index 6b2b66bfa67..71b29be23f4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/koofr/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/core.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl KoofrCore {
                 let status = resp.status();
 
                 if status != StatusCode::OK {
-                    return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                    return Err(parse_error(resp));
                 }
 
                 let bs = resp.into_body();
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl KoofrCore {
         let status = resp.status();
 
         if status != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
@@ -211,11 +211,11 @@ impl KoofrCore {
                     // When the directory already exists, Koofr returns 400 Bad Request.
                     // We should treat it as success.
                     StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST => Ok(()),
-                    _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                    _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
                 }
             }
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/error.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/error.rs
index 68d9d5b9651..7929c2de377 100644
--- a/core/src/services/koofr/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/error.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -65,10 +65,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/lister.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/lister.rs
index fdb7487fe48..c7a6e5ce93e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/koofr/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/lister.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for KoofrLister {
         match resp.status() {
             http::StatusCode::OK => {}
             _ => {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                return Err(parse_error(resp));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/koofr/writer.rs b/core/src/services/koofr/writer.rs
index ca1cccbb39e..1c391b22473 100644
--- a/core/src/services/koofr/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/koofr/writer.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for KoofrWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/lakefs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/lakefs/backend.rs
index ac50a73323c..dc913e2528c 100644
--- a/core/src/services/lakefs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/lakefs/backend.rs
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl Access for LakefsBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ impl Access for LakefsBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ impl Access for LakefsBackend {
         match status {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ impl Access for LakefsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/lakefs/error.rs b/core/src/services/lakefs/error.rs
index 38679926a89..32c75d88840 100644
--- a/core/src/services/lakefs/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/lakefs/error.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Debug for LakefsError {
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/core/src/services/lakefs/lister.rs b/core/src/services/lakefs/lister.rs
index 68dac04ebf0..3dc426384db 100644
--- a/core/src/services/lakefs/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/lakefs/lister.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for LakefsLister {
 
         let status_code = response.status();
         if !status_code.is_success() {
-            let error = parse_error(response).await?;
+            let error = parse_error(response);
             return Err(error);
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/lakefs/writer.rs b/core/src/services/lakefs/writer.rs
index 2e416502ebd..a4c22b24a46 100644
--- a/core/src/services/lakefs/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/lakefs/writer.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for LakefsWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs b/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs
index 70ce1788965..ff7b9551e6a 100644
--- a/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/libsql/backend.rs
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ impl Adapter {
         let resp = self.client.send(req).await?;
 
         if resp.status() != http::StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/libsql/error.rs b/core/src/services/libsql/error.rs
index baeeb2c97c3..8019ce29a80 100644
--- a/core/src/services/libsql/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/libsql/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -55,5 +55,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs
index b84c62e7708..3c438313477 100644
--- a/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/obs/backend.rs
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ impl Access for ObsBackend {
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND if path.ends_with('/') => {
                 Ok(RpStat::new(Metadata::new(EntryMode::DIR)))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ impl Access for ObsBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ impl Access for ObsBackend {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT | StatusCode::ACCEPTED | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => {
                 Ok(RpDelete::default())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ impl Access for ObsBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/obs/error.rs b/core/src/services/obs/error.rs
index c07134c697c..f67afdae5c7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/obs/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/obs/error.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct ObsError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/core/src/services/obs/lister.rs b/core/src/services/obs/lister.rs
index 819283a1b86..06aaad51ae8 100644
--- a/core/src/services/obs/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/obs/lister.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for ObsLister {
             .await?;
 
         if resp.status() != http::StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/obs/writer.rs b/core/src/services/obs/writer.rs
index e07309aca52..fb502aa0f1f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/obs/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/obs/writer.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for ObsWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for ObsWriter {
 
                 Ok(result.upload_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for ObsWriter {
                     checksum: None,
                 })
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for ObsWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for ObsWriter {
             // Obs returns code 204 No Content if abort succeeds.
             // Reference: https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/api-obs/obs_04_0103.html
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for ObsWriter {
                 Ok(content_length)
             }
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(0),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for ObsWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/onedrive/backend.rs b/core/src/services/onedrive/backend.rs
index b28f25f6a59..a89df094d10 100644
--- a/core/src/services/onedrive/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/onedrive/backend.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl Access for OnedriveBackend {
         let status = response.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(response).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(response)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ impl Access for OnedriveBackend {
                 StatusCode::NOT_FOUND if path.ends_with('/') => {
                     Ok(RpStat::new(Metadata::new(EntryMode::DIR)))
                 }
-                _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl Access for OnedriveBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl Access for OnedriveBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/onedrive/error.rs b/core/src/services/onedrive/error.rs
index 2040b3b301d..ab396a499d3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/onedrive/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/onedrive/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/onedrive/lister.rs b/core/src/services/onedrive/lister.rs
index 591d44e9f1f..465f781ef67 100644
--- a/core/src/services/onedrive/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/onedrive/lister.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for OnedriveLister {
                 ctx.done = true;
                 return Ok(());
             }
-            let error = parse_error(resp).await?;
+            let error = parse_error(resp);
             return Err(error);
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/onedrive/writer.rs b/core/src/services/onedrive/writer.rs
index 3db9121ae6c..f2a35d1e57d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/onedrive/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/onedrive/writer.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl OneDriveWriter {
             // Typical response code: 201 Created
             // Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/onedrive/developer/rest-api/api/driveitem_put_content?view=odsp-graph-online#response
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl OneDriveWriter {
                 // Typical response code: 202 Accepted
                 // Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/onedrive/developer/rest-api/api/driveitem_put_content?view=odsp-graph-online#response
                 StatusCode::ACCEPTED | StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => {}
-                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
 
             offset += OneDriveWriter::CHUNK_SIZE_FACTOR;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl OneDriveWriter {
                     serde_json::from_reader(bs.reader()).map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(result)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs b/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs
index ec99b375d33..6b064d36821 100644
--- a/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/oss/backend.rs
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ impl Access for OssBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ impl Access for OssBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ impl Access for OssBackend {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ impl Access for OssBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ impl Access for OssBackend {
 
             Ok(RpBatch::new(batched_result))
         } else {
-            Err(parse_error(resp).await?)
+            Err(parse_error(resp))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/oss/error.rs b/core/src/services/oss/error.rs
index bd70d2c6aec..15eb26d430b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/oss/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/oss/error.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct OssError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/core/src/services/oss/lister.rs b/core/src/services/oss/lister.rs
index 4871e9692b9..a130ea201b5 100644
--- a/core/src/services/oss/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/oss/lister.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for OssLister {
             .await?;
 
         if resp.status() != http::StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/oss/writer.rs b/core/src/services/oss/writer.rs
index 599617d3018..d13f401f37b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/oss/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/oss/writer.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for OssWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for OssWriter {
 
                 Ok(result.upload_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for OssWriter {
                     checksum: None,
                 })
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for OssWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for OssWriter {
         match resp.status() {
             // OSS returns code 204 if abort succeeds.
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for OssWriter {
                 Ok(content_length)
             }
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(0),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for OssWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs
index 904b81d848a..a4ea74c3d7a 100644
--- a/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/backend.rs
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ impl Access for PcloudBackend {
 
                 Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::Unexpected, format!("{resp:?}")))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl Access for PcloudBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ impl Access for PcloudBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpDelete::default())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ impl Access for PcloudBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpCopy::default())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ impl Access for PcloudBackend {
 
                 Ok(RpRename::default())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/core.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/core.rs
index d3cddb096cc..03cfb7fb3b0 100644
--- a/core/src/services/pcloud/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/core.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl PcloudCore {
                 }
                 Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::Unexpected, "hosts is empty"))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ impl PcloudCore {
                         return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::Unexpected, format!("{resp:?}")));
                     }
                 }
-                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
         }
         Ok(())
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/error.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/error.rs
index f633841bdc6..2b1f3edbe3e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/pcloud/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/error.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl Debug for PcloudError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
     let message = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bs).into_owned();
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
 
     err = with_error_response_context(err, parts);
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -81,10 +81,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/lister.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/lister.rs
index ac0880a648f..86ade4dd580 100644
--- a/core/src/services/pcloud/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/lister.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for PcloudLister {
                     String::from_utf8_lossy(&bs.to_bytes()),
                 ));
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/pcloud/writer.rs b/core/src/services/pcloud/writer.rs
index 60ef1bf5ef8..5b4948d6e2e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/pcloud/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/pcloud/writer.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for PcloudWriter {
 
                 Ok(())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/s3/error.rs b/core/src/services/s3/error.rs
index b62dda6d9c7..503ca4ecbd7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/s3/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/s3/error.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub(crate) struct S3Error {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, body) = resp.into_parts();
 
     let (mut kind, mut retryable) = match parts.status.as_u16() {
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs
index 29029b6b23b..fe780691394 100644
--- a/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/backend.rs
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl Access for SeafileBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/core.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/core.rs
index ddb784e02e5..6fb0dedd29b 100644
--- a/core/src/services/seafile/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/core.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl SeafileCore {
                     };
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                    return Err(parse_error(resp));
                 }
             }
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl SeafileCore {
                     }
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                    return Err(parse_error(resp));
                 }
             }
             Ok(signer.auth_info.clone())
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl SeafileCore {
                     .map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(upload_url)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ impl SeafileCore {
 
                 Ok(download_url)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ impl SeafileCore {
                     .map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(file_detail)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl SeafileCore {
                     .map_err(new_json_deserialize_error)?;
                 Ok(dir_detail)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ impl SeafileCore {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/error.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/error.rs
index ae3fc3701ef..ab0bf6588c0 100644
--- a/core/src/services/seafile/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/error.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct SeafileError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
 
     err = with_error_response_context(err, parts);
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -78,10 +78,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/lister.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/lister.rs
index e5cc3fe3576..393d6d5398f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/seafile/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/lister.rs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for SeafileLister {
                 ctx.done = true;
                 Ok(())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/seafile/writer.rs b/core/src/services/seafile/writer.rs
index 718d06cf5cc..f187b75c478 100644
--- a/core/src/services/seafile/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/seafile/writer.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for SeafileWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs b/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs
index cc6897fdfae..c6923217d8e 100644
--- a/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/supabase/backend.rs
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl Access for SupabaseBackend {
                     StatusCode::NOT_FOUND if path.ends_with('/') => {
                         Ok(RpStat::new(Metadata::new(EntryMode::DIR)))
                     }
-                    _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                    _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl Access for SupabaseBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ impl Access for SupabaseBackend {
             Ok(RpDelete::default())
         } else {
             // deleting not existing objects is ok
-            let e = parse_error(resp).await?;
+            let e = parse_error(resp);
             if e.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound {
                 Ok(RpDelete::default())
             } else {
diff --git a/core/src/services/supabase/error.rs b/core/src/services/supabase/error.rs
index 744fff41597..c2316eab8c7 100644
--- a/core/src/services/supabase/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/supabase/error.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ struct SupabaseError {
 }
 
 /// Parse the supabase error type to the OpenDAL error type
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 // Return the error kind and whether it is retryable
diff --git a/core/src/services/supabase/writer.rs b/core/src/services/supabase/writer.rs
index 4c7feae7c0d..2a33d520b30 100644
--- a/core/src/services/supabase/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/supabase/writer.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for SupabaseWriter {
 
         match resp.status() {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs b/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs
index 3056567bf0a..a436eff22aa 100644
--- a/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/swift/backend.rs
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ impl Access for SwiftBackend {
                 let meta = parse_into_metadata(path, resp.headers())?;
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impl Access for SwiftBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ impl Access for SwiftBackend {
         match status {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT | StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ impl Access for SwiftBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/swift/error.rs b/core/src/services/swift/error.rs
index 53dc98d9420..c9880194b53 100644
--- a/core/src/services/swift/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/swift/error.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ struct ErrorResponse {
     p: String,
 }
 
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 fn parse_error_response(resp: &Bytes) -> String {
diff --git a/core/src/services/swift/lister.rs b/core/src/services/swift/lister.rs
index 2fe05ee9541..adf40b91728 100644
--- a/core/src/services/swift/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/swift/lister.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for SwiftLister {
         let status_code = response.status();
 
         if !status_code.is_success() {
-            let error = parse_error(response).await?;
+            let error = parse_error(response);
             return Err(error);
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/swift/writer.rs b/core/src/services/swift/writer.rs
index e2b51dab184..a6590ee2120 100644
--- a/core/src/services/swift/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/swift/writer.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for SwiftWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs b/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs
index ed96d1092f6..ae8e23765e1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/upyun/backend.rs
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ impl Access for UpyunBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCreateDir::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ impl Access for UpyunBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => parse_info(resp.headers()).map(RpStat::new),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ impl Access for UpyunBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ impl Access for UpyunBackend {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             // Allow 404 when deleting a non-existing object
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ impl Access for UpyunBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ impl Access for UpyunBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpRename::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/upyun/error.rs b/core/src/services/upyun/error.rs
index fcc6928cd5d..317ea061dfd 100644
--- a/core/src/services/upyun/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/upyun/error.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ struct UpyunError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -89,10 +89,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/upyun/lister.rs b/core/src/services/upyun/lister.rs
index 9d6a756d2d4..add4f94faba 100644
--- a/core/src/services/upyun/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/upyun/lister.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for UpyunLister {
                 return Ok(());
             }
             _ => {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                return Err(parse_error(resp));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/upyun/writer.rs b/core/src/services/upyun/writer.rs
index 1c3c47f2d8a..293957b9cb4 100644
--- a/core/src/services/upyun/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/upyun/writer.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for UpyunWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for UpyunWriter {
 
                 Ok(id.to_string())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for UpyunWriter {
                 etag: "".to_string(),
                 checksum: None,
             }),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for UpyunWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/backend.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/backend.rs
index d1f680e6f40..c56555988db 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/backend.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl Access for VercelArtifactsBackend {
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
 
-            _ => Err(parse_error(res).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(res)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl Access for VercelArtifactsBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/error.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/error.rs
index 2040b3b301d..ab396a499d3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/writer.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/writer.rs
index 9ef4a08e1c3..64fe6846be1 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_artifacts/writer.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for VercelArtifactsWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::ACCEPTED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs
index c2453fa5930..0742e846355 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/backend.rs
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ impl Access for VercelBlobBackend {
 
                 parse_blob(&resp).map(RpStat::new)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl Access for VercelBlobBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ impl Access for VercelBlobBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/core.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/core.rs
index 58b77b480da..6feb80995e8 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/core.rs
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ impl VercelBlobCore {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ impl VercelBlobCore {
         let status = resp.status();
 
         if status != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let body = resp.into_body();
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/error.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/error.rs
index ead65dbddab..29ecced517f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/error.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ struct VercelBlobErrorDetail {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -87,10 +87,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(res.0.as_bytes().to_vec());
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
 
         let bs = bytes::Bytes::from(
diff --git a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/writer.rs b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/writer.rs
index a335001a3b6..ffa205f0d91 100644
--- a/core/src/services/vercel_blob/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/vercel_blob/writer.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for VercelBlobWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for VercelBlobWriter {
 
                 Ok(resp.upload_id)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for VercelBlobWriter {
                     checksum: None,
                 })
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl oio::MultipartWrite for VercelBlobWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs
index 66177f4dc92..7bf50888d0f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/backend.rs
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ impl Access for WebdavBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ impl Access for WebdavBackend {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::NO_CONTENT | StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ impl Access for WebdavBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::NO_CONTENT => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ impl Access for WebdavBackend {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::NO_CONTENT | StatusCode::OK => {
                 Ok(RpRename::default())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/core.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/core.rs
index 03ebac51f85..41026454e58 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webdav/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/core.rs
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ impl WebdavCore {
 
         let resp = self.client.send(req).await?;
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ impl WebdavCore {
 
                 Ok(())
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/error.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/error.rs
index 005041cec66..0fa32efe814 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webdav/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/error.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::raw::*;
 use crate::*;
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/lister.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/lister.rs
index 8e960155945..a04f74906a2 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webdav/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/lister.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for WebdavLister {
             ctx.done = true;
             return Ok(());
         } else {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         };
 
         let result: Multistatus = deserialize_multistatus(&bs.to_bytes())?;
diff --git a/core/src/services/webdav/writer.rs b/core/src/services/webdav/writer.rs
index 7e1951c311b..ea7c56f556f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webdav/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webdav/writer.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for WebdavWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::NO_CONTENT => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs b/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs
index eff04fc287f..ebbd1f82130 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webhdfs/backend.rs
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ impl WebhdfsBackend {
         let status = resp.status();
 
         if status != StatusCode::CREATED && status != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         let bs = resp.into_body();
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ impl WebhdfsBackend {
 
                 Ok(resp.location)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ impl WebhdfsBackend {
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => {
                 self.create_dir("/", OpCreateDir::new()).await?;
             }
-            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ impl Access for WebhdfsBackend {
                     ))
                 }
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ impl Access for WebhdfsBackend {
                 Ok(RpStat::new(meta))
             }
 
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ impl Access for WebhdfsBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ impl Access for WebhdfsBackend {
 
         match resp.status() {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/webhdfs/error.rs b/core/src/services/webhdfs/error.rs
index 7e29cd78ca0..1a3a486f7e6 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webhdfs/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webhdfs/error.rs
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ struct WebHdfsError {
     java_class_name: String,
 }
 
-pub(super) async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
     let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bs);
     parse_error_msg(parts, &s)
 }
 
-pub(super) fn parse_error_msg(parts: Parts, body: &str) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error_msg(parts: Parts, body: &str) -> Error {
     let (kind, retryable) = match parts.status {
         StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => (ErrorKind::NotFound, false),
         StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED | StatusCode::FORBIDDEN => (ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, false),
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub(super) fn parse_error_msg(parts: Parts, body: &str) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ mod tests {
             .body(body)
             .unwrap();
 
-        let err = parse_error(resp).await?;
+        let err = parse_error(resp);
         assert_eq!(err.kind(), ErrorKind::Unexpected);
         assert!(!err.is_temporary());
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/webhdfs/lister.rs b/core/src/services/webhdfs/lister.rs
index d714bd446f7..8a277b5e645 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webhdfs/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webhdfs/lister.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for WebhdfsLister {
                     ctx.done = true;
                     return Ok(());
                 }
-                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
         } else {
             let resp = self
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for WebhdfsLister {
                     ctx.done = true;
                     return Ok(());
                 }
-                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/webhdfs/writer.rs b/core/src/services/webhdfs/writer.rs
index c1c1514bdf4..537b089b85f 100644
--- a/core/src/services/webhdfs/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/webhdfs/writer.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for WebhdfsWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for WebhdfsWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -104,14 +104,14 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for WebhdfsWriter {
             let status = resp.status();
 
             if status != StatusCode::OK {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                return Err(parse_error(resp));
             }
         }
         // delete the path file
         let resp = self.backend.webhdfs_delete(&self.path).await?;
         let status = resp.status();
         if status != StatusCode::OK {
-            return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+            return Err(parse_error(resp));
         }
 
         // rename concat file to path
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for WebhdfsWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl oio::BlockWrite for WebhdfsWriter {
             let resp = self.backend.webhdfs_delete(&block_id.to_string()).await?;
             match resp.status() {
                 StatusCode::OK => {}
-                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for WebhdfsWriter {
                     StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::OK => {
                         location = self.backend.webhdfs_init_append_request(&self.path).await?;
                     }
-                    _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                    _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
                 }
             }
-            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
 
         let req = self
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl oio::AppendWrite for WebhdfsWriter {
         let status = resp.status();
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs
index 7b989fb9ad7..230066c59a3 100644
--- a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/backend.rs
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl Access for YandexDiskBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(RpRename::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl Access for YandexDiskBackend {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(RpCopy::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ impl Access for YandexDiskBackend {
             _ => {
                 let (part, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
                 let buf = body.to_buffer().await?;
-                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)).await?)
+                Err(parse_error(Response::from_parts(part, buf)))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ impl Access for YandexDiskBackend {
 
                 parse_info(mf).map(RpStat::new)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ impl Access for YandexDiskBackend {
             StatusCode::ACCEPTED => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
             // Allow 404 when deleting a non-existing object
             StatusCode::NOT_FOUND => Ok(RpDelete::default()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/core.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/core.rs
index 76ad3f9f250..1c7760e2b5a 100644
--- a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/core.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/core.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl YandexDiskCore {
 
                 Ok(resp.href)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ impl YandexDiskCore {
 
                 Ok(resp.href)
             }
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl YandexDiskCore {
 
             match status {
                 StatusCode::CREATED | StatusCode::CONFLICT => {}
-                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+                _ => return Err(parse_error(resp)),
             }
         }
         Ok(())
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/error.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/error.rs
index 059c93bfd6c..1f36284453a 100644
--- a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/error.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/error.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ struct YandexDiskError {
 }
 
 /// Parse error response into Error.
-pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
+pub(super) fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Error {
     let (parts, mut body) = resp.into_parts();
     let bs = body.copy_to_bytes(body.remaining());
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub async fn parse_error(resp: Response<Buffer>) -> Result<Error> {
         err = err.set_temporary();
     }
 
-    Ok(err)
+    err
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -96,10 +96,9 @@ mod test {
             let body = Buffer::from(bs);
             let resp = Response::builder().status(res.2).body(body).unwrap();
 
-            let err = parse_error(resp).await;
+            let err = parse_error(resp);
 
-            assert!(err.is_ok());
-            assert_eq!(err.unwrap().kind(), res.1);
+            assert_eq!(err.kind(), res.1);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/lister.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/lister.rs
index 4bdd8034cf5..435c94a623d 100644
--- a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/lister.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/lister.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl oio::PageList for YandexDiskLister {
                 return Ok(());
             }
             _ => {
-                return Err(parse_error(resp).await?);
+                return Err(parse_error(resp));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/writer.rs b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/writer.rs
index 58cefe5ae16..709b265c932 100644
--- a/core/src/services/yandex_disk/writer.rs
+++ b/core/src/services/yandex_disk/writer.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl oio::OneShotWrite for YandexDiskWriter {
 
         match status {
             StatusCode::CREATED => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err(parse_error(resp).await?),
+            _ => Err(parse_error(resp)),
         }
     }
 }