diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala
index e067730cfdf5..1088e3f7a720 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala
@@ -302,10 +302,15 @@ class V2SessionCatalog(catalog: SessionCatalog)
 
     val finalProperties = CatalogV2Util.applyClusterByChanges(properties, schema, changes)
     try {
-      catalog.alterTable(
-        catalogTable.copy(
-          properties = finalProperties, schema = schema, owner = owner, comment = comment,
-          collation = collation, storage = storage))
+      if (changes.exists(!_.isInstanceOf[TableChange.ColumnChange])) {
+        catalog.alterTable(
+          catalogTable.copy(
+            properties = finalProperties, schema = schema, owner = owner, comment = comment,
+            collation = collation, storage = storage))
+      }
+      if (changes.exists(_.isInstanceOf[TableChange.ColumnChange])) {
+        catalog.alterTableDataSchema(ident.asTableIdentifier, schema)
+      }
     } catch {
       case _: NoSuchTableException =>
         throw QueryCompilationErrors.noSuchTableError(ident)
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalogSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalogSuite.scala
index 19d8cba25308..63e54812922a 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalogSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalogSuite.scala
@@ -590,22 +590,6 @@ class V2SessionCatalogTableSuite extends V2SessionCatalogBaseSuite {
       parameters = Map("fieldName" -> "`missing_col`", "fields" -> "`id`, `data`"))
   }
 
-  test("alterTable: rename top-level column") {
-    val catalog = newCatalog()
-
-    catalog.createTable(testIdent, columns, emptyTrans, emptyProps)
-    val table = catalog.loadTable(testIdent)
-
-    assert(table.columns === columns)
-
-    catalog.alterTable(testIdent, TableChange.renameColumn(Array("id"), "some_id"))
-    val updated = catalog.loadTable(testIdent)
-
-    val expectedSchema = new StructType().add("some_id", IntegerType).add("data", StringType)
-
-    assert(updated.schema == expectedSchema)
-  }
-
   test("alterTable: rename nested column") {
     val catalog = newCatalog()
 
@@ -627,26 +611,6 @@ class V2SessionCatalogTableSuite extends V2SessionCatalogBaseSuite {
     assert(updated.columns === expectedColumns)
   }
 
-  test("alterTable: rename struct column") {
-    val catalog = newCatalog()
-
-    val pointStruct = new StructType().add("x", DoubleType).add("y", DoubleType)
-    val tableColumns = columns :+ Column.create("point", pointStruct)
-
-    catalog.createTable(testIdent, tableColumns, emptyTrans, emptyProps)
-    val table = catalog.loadTable(testIdent)
-
-    assert(table.columns === tableColumns)
-
-    catalog.alterTable(testIdent, TableChange.renameColumn(Array("point"), "p"))
-    val updated = catalog.loadTable(testIdent)
-
-    val newPointStruct = new StructType().add("x", DoubleType).add("y", DoubleType)
-    val expectedColumns = columns :+ Column.create("p", newPointStruct)
-
-    assert(updated.columns === expectedColumns)
-  }
-
   test("alterTable: rename missing column fails") {
     val catalog = newCatalog()
 
@@ -686,21 +650,6 @@ class V2SessionCatalogTableSuite extends V2SessionCatalogBaseSuite {
     assert(updated.columns === expectedColumns)
   }
 
-  test("alterTable: delete top-level column") {
-    val catalog = newCatalog()
-
-    catalog.createTable(testIdent, columns, emptyTrans, emptyProps)
-    val table = catalog.loadTable(testIdent)
-
-    assert(table.columns === columns)
-
-    catalog.alterTable(testIdent, TableChange.deleteColumn(Array("id"), false))
-    val updated = catalog.loadTable(testIdent)
-
-    val expectedSchema = new StructType().add("data", StringType)
-    assert(updated.schema == expectedSchema)
-  }
-
   test("alterTable: delete nested column") {
     val catalog = newCatalog()
 
diff --git a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
index f33bca78eb93..13e8d3721d81 100644
--- a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
@@ -22,8 +22,12 @@ import java.net.URI
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.Locale
 
+import scala.jdk.CollectionConverters._
+
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
 import org.apache.parquet.format.converter.ParquetMetadataConverter.NO_FILTER
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.{spy, times, verify}
 import org.scalatest.BeforeAndAfterEach
 
 import org.apache.spark.{SparkException, SparkUnsupportedOperationException}
@@ -32,12 +36,13 @@ import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.TableIdentifier
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TableAlreadyExistsException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.{CatalystSqlParser, ParseException}
-import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.CatalogManager
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.{CatalogManager, CatalogV2Util, Identifier, TableChange, TableInfo}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.CatalogManager.SESSION_CATALOG_NAME
 import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.SupportsNamespaces.PROP_OWNER
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command.{DDLSuite, DDLUtils}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.orc.OrcCompressionCodec
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.parquet.{ParquetCompressionCodec, ParquetFooterReader}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.v2.V2SessionCatalog
 import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.{HiveExternalCatalog, HiveUtils}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils.{CONVERT_METASTORE_ORC, CONVERT_METASTORE_PARQUET}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.orc.OrcFileOperator
@@ -3392,4 +3397,39 @@ class HiveDDLSuite
       )
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-52272: V2SessionCatalog does not alter schema on Hive Catalog") {
+    val spyCatalog = spy(spark.sessionState.catalog.externalCatalog)
+    val v1SessionCatalog = new SessionCatalog(spyCatalog)
+    val v2SessionCatalog = new V2SessionCatalog(v1SessionCatalog)
+    withTable("t1") {
+      val identifier = Identifier.of(Array("default"), "t1")
+      val outputSchema = new StructType().add("a", IntegerType, true, "comment1")
+      v2SessionCatalog.createTable(
+        identifier,
+        new TableInfo.Builder()
+          .withProperties(Map.empty.asJava)
+          .withColumns(CatalogV2Util.structTypeToV2Columns(outputSchema))
+          .withPartitions(Array.empty)
+          .build()
+      )
+      v2SessionCatalog.alterTable(identifier, TableChange.setProperty("foo", "bar"))
+      val loaded = v2SessionCatalog.loadTable(identifier)
+      assert(loaded.properties().get("foo") == "bar")
+
+      verify(spyCatalog, times(1)).alterTable(any[CatalogTable])
+      verify(spyCatalog, times(0)).alterTableDataSchema(
+        any[String], any[String], any[StructType])
+
+      v2SessionCatalog.alterTable(identifier,
+        TableChange.updateColumnComment(Array("a"), "comment2"))
+      val loaded2 = v2SessionCatalog.loadTable(identifier)
+      assert(loaded2.columns().length == 1)
+      assert(loaded2.columns.head.comment() == "comment2")
+
+      verify(spyCatalog, times(1)).alterTable(any[CatalogTable])
+      verify(spyCatalog, times(1)).alterTableDataSchema(
+        any[String], any[String], any[StructType])
+    }
+  }
 }