diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala
index 1088e3f7a7206..6e1e1e976c659 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/V2SessionCatalog.scala
@@ -288,8 +288,6 @@ class V2SessionCatalog(catalog: SessionCatalog)
     }
 
     val properties = CatalogV2Util.applyPropertiesChanges(catalogTable.properties, changes)
-    val schema = CatalogV2Util.applySchemaChanges(
-      catalogTable.schema, changes, catalogTable.provider, "ALTER TABLE")
     val comment = properties.get(TableCatalog.PROP_COMMENT)
     val collation = properties.get(TableCatalog.PROP_COLLATION)
     val owner = properties.getOrElse(TableCatalog.PROP_OWNER, catalogTable.owner)
@@ -300,16 +298,23 @@ class V2SessionCatalog(catalog: SessionCatalog)
       catalogTable.storage
     }
 
-    val finalProperties = CatalogV2Util.applyClusterByChanges(properties, schema, changes)
+    val finalProperties = CatalogV2Util.applyClusterByChanges(properties,
+      catalogTable.schema, changes)
     try {
       if (changes.exists(!_.isInstanceOf[TableChange.ColumnChange])) {
         catalog.alterTable(
           catalogTable.copy(
-            properties = finalProperties, schema = schema, owner = owner, comment = comment,
-            collation = collation, storage = storage))
+            properties = finalProperties,
+            schema = catalogTable.schema,
+            owner = owner,
+            comment = comment,
+            collation = collation,
+            storage = storage))
       }
       if (changes.exists(_.isInstanceOf[TableChange.ColumnChange])) {
-        catalog.alterTableDataSchema(ident.asTableIdentifier, schema)
+        val newDataSchema = CatalogV2Util.applySchemaChanges(
+          catalogTable.dataSchema, changes, catalogTable.provider, "ALTER TABLE")
+        catalog.alterTableDataSchema(ident.asTableIdentifier, newDataSchema)
       }
     } catch {
       case _: NoSuchTableException =>
diff --git a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
index 13e8d3721d81e..4dcea9d7c3f65 100644
--- a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@ import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.TableIdentifier
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TableAlreadyExistsException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.{CatalystSqlParser, ParseException}
-import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.{CatalogManager, CatalogV2Util, Identifier, TableChange, TableInfo}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.{CatalogManager, CatalogV2Util, Identifier, TableCatalog, TableChange, TableInfo}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.CatalogManager.SESSION_CATALOG_NAME
 import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.SupportsNamespaces.PROP_OWNER
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.Expressions
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command.{DDLSuite, DDLUtils}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.orc.OrcCompressionCodec
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.parquet.{ParquetCompressionCodec, ParquetFooterReader}
@@ -3432,4 +3433,47 @@ class HiveDDLSuite
         any[String], any[String], any[StructType])
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-52638: V2 Session Catalog alter table add column with partition") {
+    val catalog = spark.sessionState.catalogManager.currentCatalog.asInstanceOf[TableCatalog]
+
+    withTable("t1") {
+      val identifier = Identifier.of(Array("default"), "t1")
+      val outputSchema = new StructType()
+        .add("a", IntegerType, true, "comment1")
+        .add("b", IntegerType, true, "comment2")
+        .add("c", IntegerType, true, "comment3")
+        .add("d", IntegerType, true, "comment4")
+      catalog.createTable(
+        identifier,
+        new TableInfo.Builder()
+          .withProperties(Map.empty.asJava)
+          .withColumns(CatalogV2Util.structTypeToV2Columns(outputSchema))
+          .withPartitions(Array(Expressions.identity("a")))
+          .build()
+      )
+      val table1 = catalog.loadTable(identifier)
+      val cols = table1.columns()
+
+      assert(cols.length == 4)
+      assert(cols(0).name() == "b")
+      assert(cols(1).name() == "c")
+      assert(cols(2).name() == "d")
+      assert(cols(3).name() == "a")
+
+      catalog.alterTable(
+        identifier,
+        TableChange.addColumn(Array("e"), IntegerType)
+      )
+
+      val table2 = catalog.loadTable(identifier)
+      val cols2 = table2.columns()
+
+      assert(cols2(0).name() == "b")
+      assert(cols2(1).name() == "c")
+      assert(cols2(2).name() == "d")
+      assert(cols2(3).name() == "e")
+      assert(cols2(4).name() == "a")
+    }
+  }
 }