diff --git a/core/src/main/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccess.java b/core/src/main/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccess.java
index 232c33e5aa..966c0522a2 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccess.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccess.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -104,89 +105,135 @@ public void restore(Map context, Object target, Member member, String propertyNa
     public boolean isAccessible(Map context, Object target, Member member, String propertyName) {
         LOG.debug("Checking access for [target: {}, member: {}, property: {}]", target, member, propertyName);
 
-        final int memberModifiers = member.getModifiers();
-        final Class<?> memberClass = member.getDeclaringClass();
-        // target can be null in case of accessing static fields, since OGNL 3.2.8
-        final Class<?> targetClass = Modifier.isStatic(memberModifiers) ? memberClass : target.getClass();
-        if (!memberClass.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target does not match member!");
+        if (target != null) {
+            // Special case: Target is a Class object but not Class.class
+            if (Class.class.equals(target.getClass()) && !Class.class.equals(target)) {
+                if (!isStatic(member)) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Member expected to be static!");
+                }
+                if (!member.getDeclaringClass().equals(target)) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target class does not match static member!");
+                }
+                target = null; // This information is not useful to us and conflicts with following logic which expects target to be null or an instance containing the member
+            // Standard case: Member should exist on target
+            } else if (!member.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(target.getClass())) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Member does not exist on target!");
+            }
         }
 
-        if (disallowProxyMemberAccess && ProxyUtil.isProxyMember(member, target)) {
-            LOG.warn("Access to proxy is blocked! Target class [{}] of target [{}], member [{}]", targetClass, target, member);
+        if (!checkProxyMemberAccess(target, member)) {
+            LOG.warn("Access to proxy is blocked! Member class [{}] of target [{}], member [{}]", member.getDeclaringClass(), target, member);
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!checkPublicMemberAccess(memberModifiers)) {
+        if (!checkPublicMemberAccess(member)) {
             LOG.warn("Access to non-public [{}] is blocked!", member);
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!checkStaticFieldAccess(member, memberModifiers)) {
+        if (!checkStaticFieldAccess(member)) {
             LOG.warn("Access to static field [{}] is blocked!", member);
             return false;
         }
 
-        // it needs to be before calling #checkStaticMethodAccess()
-        if (checkEnumAccess(target, member)) {
-            LOG.trace("Allowing access to enum: target [{}], member [{}]", target, member);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (!checkStaticMethodAccess(member, memberModifiers)) {
+        if (!checkStaticMethodAccess(member)) {
             LOG.warn("Access to static method [{}] is blocked!", member);
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (isClassExcluded(memberClass)) {
-            LOG.warn("Declaring class of member type [{}] is excluded!", member);
+        if (!checkDefaultPackageAccess(target, member)) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (targetClass != memberClass && isClassExcluded(targetClass)) {
-            LOG.warn("Target class [{}] of target [{}] is excluded!", targetClass, target);
+        if (!checkExclusionList(target, member)) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (disallowDefaultPackageAccess) {
-            if (targetClass.getPackage() == null || targetClass.getPackage().getName().isEmpty()) {
-                LOG.warn("Class [{}] from the default package is excluded!", targetClass);
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (memberClass.getPackage() == null || memberClass.getPackage().getName().isEmpty()) {
-                LOG.warn("Class [{}] from the default package is excluded!", memberClass);
-                return false;
-            }
+        if (!isAcceptableProperty(propertyName)) {
+            return false;
         }
 
-        if (isPackageExcluded(targetClass)) {
-            LOG.warn("Package [{}] of target class [{}] of target [{}] is excluded!",
-                    targetClass.getPackage(),
-                    targetClass,
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
+     */
+    protected boolean checkExclusionList(Object target, Member member) {
+        Class<?> memberClass = member.getDeclaringClass();
+        if (isClassExcluded(memberClass)) {
+            LOG.warn("Declaring class of member type [{}] is excluded!", memberClass);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isPackageExcluded(memberClass)) {
+            LOG.warn("Package [{}] of member class [{}] of member [{}] is excluded!",
+                    memberClass.getPackage(),
+                    memberClass,
                     target);
             return false;
         }
+        if (target == null || target.getClass() == memberClass) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass();
+        if (isClassExcluded(targetClass)) {
+            LOG.warn("Target class [{}] of target [{}] is excluded!", targetClass, target);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isPackageExcluded(targetClass)) {
+            LOG.warn("Package [{}] of target [{}] is excluded!", targetClass.getPackage(), member);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-        if (targetClass != memberClass && isPackageExcluded(memberClass)) {
-            LOG.warn("Package [{}] of member [{}] are excluded!", memberClass.getPackage(), member);
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
+     */
+    protected boolean checkDefaultPackageAccess(Object target, Member member) {
+        if (!disallowDefaultPackageAccess) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Class<?> memberClass = member.getDeclaringClass();
+        if (memberClass.getPackage() == null || memberClass.getPackage().getName().isEmpty()) {
+            LOG.warn("Class [{}] from the default package is excluded!", memberClass);
             return false;
         }
+        if (target == null || target.getClass() == memberClass) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass();
+        if (targetClass.getPackage() == null || targetClass.getPackage().getName().isEmpty()) {
+            LOG.warn("Class [{}] from the default package is excluded!", targetClass);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-        return isAcceptableProperty(propertyName);
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
+     */
+    protected boolean checkProxyMemberAccess(Object target, Member member) {
+        return !(disallowProxyMemberAccess && ProxyUtil.isProxyMember(member, target));
     }
 
     /**
      * Check access for static method (via modifiers).
-     *
+     * <p>
      * Note: For non-static members, the result is always true.
      *
-     * @param member
-     * @param memberModifiers
-     *
-     * @return
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
      */
-    protected boolean checkStaticMethodAccess(Member member, int memberModifiers) {
-        return !Modifier.isStatic(memberModifiers) || member instanceof Field;
+    protected boolean checkStaticMethodAccess(Member member) {
+        if (checkEnumAccess(member)) {
+            LOG.trace("Exempting Enum#values from static method check: class [{}]", member.getDeclaringClass());
+            return true;
+        }
+        return member instanceof Field || !isStatic(member);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isStatic(Member member) {
+        return Modifier.isStatic(member.getModifiers());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -194,36 +241,33 @@ protected boolean checkStaticMethodAccess(Member member, int memberModifiers) {
      * <p>
      * Note: For non-static members, the result is always true.
      *
-     * @param member
-     * @param memberModifiers
-     * @return
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
      */
-    protected boolean checkStaticFieldAccess(Member member, int memberModifiers) {
-        if (Modifier.isStatic(memberModifiers) && member instanceof Field) {
-            return allowStaticFieldAccess;
-        } else {
+    protected boolean checkStaticFieldAccess(Member member) {
+        if (allowStaticFieldAccess) {
             return true;
         }
+        return !(member instanceof Field) || !isStatic(member);
     }
 
     /**
      * Check access for public members (via modifiers)
-     * <p>
-     * Returns true if-and-only-if the member is public.
      *
-     * @param memberModifiers
-     * @return
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
      */
-    protected boolean checkPublicMemberAccess(int memberModifiers) {
-        return Modifier.isPublic(memberModifiers);
+    protected boolean checkPublicMemberAccess(Member member) {
+        return Modifier.isPublic(member.getModifiers());
     }
 
-    protected boolean checkEnumAccess(Object target, Member member) {
-        if (target instanceof Class) {
-            final Class<?> clazz = (Class<?>) target;
-            return Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) && member.getName().equals("values");
-        }
-        return false;
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
+     */
+    protected boolean checkEnumAccess(Member member) {
+        return member.getDeclaringClass().isEnum()
+                && isStatic(member)
+                && member instanceof Method
+                && member.getName().equals("values")
+                && ((Method) member).getParameterCount() == 0;
     }
 
     protected boolean isPackageExcluded(Class<?> clazz) {
@@ -260,37 +304,22 @@ protected boolean isClassExcluded(Class<?> clazz) {
         return excludedClasses.contains(clazz.getName());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if member access is allowed
+     */
     protected boolean isAcceptableProperty(String name) {
-        return name == null || ((!isExcluded(name)) && isAccepted(name));
+        return name == null || !isExcluded(name) && isAccepted(name);
     }
 
     protected boolean isAccepted(String paramName) {
-        if (!this.acceptProperties.isEmpty()) {
-            for (Pattern pattern : acceptProperties) {
-                Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(paramName);
-                if (matcher.matches()) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            //no match, but acceptedParams is not empty
-            return false;
+        if (acceptProperties.isEmpty()) {
+            return true;
         }
-
-        //empty acceptedParams
-        return true;
+        return acceptProperties.stream().map(pattern -> pattern.matcher(paramName)).anyMatch(Matcher::matches);
     }
 
     protected boolean isExcluded(String paramName) {
-        if (!this.excludeProperties.isEmpty()) {
-            for (Pattern pattern : excludeProperties) {
-                Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(paramName);
-                if (matcher.matches()) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
+        return excludeProperties.stream().map(pattern -> pattern.matcher(paramName)).anyMatch(Matcher::matches);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/interceptor/ParametersInterceptorTest.java b/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/interceptor/ParametersInterceptorTest.java
index 2e7a0be160..f1d1fe9f00 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/interceptor/ParametersInterceptorTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/interceptor/ParametersInterceptorTest.java
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ public void testAccessToOgnlInternals() throws Exception {
         //then
         assertEquals("This is blah", ((SimpleAction) proxy.getAction()).getBlah());
         Field field = ReflectionContextState.class.getField("DENY_METHOD_EXECUTION");
-        boolean allowStaticFieldAccess = ((OgnlContext) stack.getContext()).getMemberAccess().isAccessible(stack.getContext(), proxy.getAction(), field, "");
+        boolean allowStaticFieldAccess = ((OgnlContext) stack.getContext()).getMemberAccess().isAccessible(stack.getContext(), ReflectionContextState.class, field, "");
         assertFalse(allowStaticFieldAccess);
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccessTest.java b/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccessTest.java
index f38a7dce66..7ffc47b9f8 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccessTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/com/opensymphony/xwork2/ognl/SecurityMemberAccessTest.java
@@ -351,6 +351,16 @@ public void testAccessEnum() throws Exception {
         assertTrue("Access to enums is blocked!", actual);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testAccessEnum_alternateValues() throws Exception {
+        // when
+        Member alternateValues = MyValues.class.getMethod("values", String.class);
+        boolean actual = sma.isAccessible(context, MyValues.class, alternateValues, null);
+
+        // then
+        assertFalse("Access to unrelated #values method not blocked!", actual);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testAccessStaticMethod() throws Exception {
         // given
@@ -358,7 +368,7 @@ public void testAccessStaticMethod() throws Exception {
 
         // when
         Member method = StaticTester.class.getMethod("sayHello");
-        boolean actual = sma.isAccessible(context, Class.class, method, null);
+        boolean actual = sma.isAccessible(context, StaticTester.class, method, null);
 
         // then
         assertFalse("Access to static method is not blocked!", actual);
@@ -585,7 +595,7 @@ public void testBlockStaticMethodAccess() throws Exception {
 
         // when
         Member method = StaticTester.class.getMethod("sayHello");
-        boolean actual = sma.isAccessible(context, Class.class, method, null);
+        boolean actual = sma.isAccessible(context, StaticTester.class, method, null);
 
         // then
         assertFalse("Access to static isn't blocked!", actual);
@@ -694,7 +704,7 @@ public void testAccessPrimitiveDoubleWithNames() throws Exception {
         member = System.class.getMethod(propertyName, int.class);
 
         // when
-        accessible = sma.isAccessible(context, target, member, propertyName);
+        accessible = sma.isAccessible(context, System.class, member, propertyName);
 
         // then
         assertFalse(accessible);
@@ -875,7 +885,11 @@ interface FooBarInterface extends FooInterface, BarInterface {
 }
 
 enum MyValues {
-    ONE, TWO, THREE
+    ONE, TWO, THREE;
+
+    public static MyValues[] values(String notUsed) {
+        return new MyValues[] {ONE, TWO, THREE};
+    }
 }
 
 class StaticTester {