diff --git a/.changeset/little-schools-roll.md b/.changeset/little-schools-roll.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71cd7ddd874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/little-schools-roll.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@apollo/client': patch
+---
+
+Fix a bug in `QueryReference` where `this.resolve` or `this.reject` might be executed even if `undefined`.
diff --git a/src/react/cache/QueryReference.ts b/src/react/cache/QueryReference.ts
index 04f1a4be60d..7f42e4013d5 100644
--- a/src/react/cache/QueryReference.ts
+++ b/src/react/cache/QueryReference.ts
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ export class QueryReference<TData = unknown> {
   private initialized = false;
   private refetching = false;
 
-  private resolve: (result: ApolloQueryResult<TData>) => void;
-  private reject: (error: unknown) => void;
+  private resolve: ((result: ApolloQueryResult<TData>) => void) | undefined;
+  private reject: ((error: unknown) => void) | undefined;
 
   constructor(
     observable: ObservableQuery<TData>,
@@ -157,7 +157,9 @@ export class QueryReference<TData = unknown> {
       this.initialized = true;
       this.refetching = false;
       this.result = result;
-      this.resolve(result);
+      if (this.resolve) {
+        this.resolve(result);
+      }
       return;
     }
 
@@ -182,7 +184,9 @@ export class QueryReference<TData = unknown> {
     if (!this.initialized || this.refetching) {
       this.initialized = true;
       this.refetching = false;
-      this.reject(error);
+      if (this.reject) {
+        this.reject(error);
+      }
       return;
     }