diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-core.md b/.api-reports/api-report-core.md
index 4a8dfc429e8..3e691e065d6 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-core.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-core.md
@@ -1739,7 +1739,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -2201,9 +2203,9 @@ interface WriteContext extends ReadMergeModifyContext {
 // src/cache/inmemory/types.ts:126:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "KeyFieldsFunction" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/watchQueryOptions.ts:191:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueryFn" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/link/http/selectHttpOptionsAndBody.ts:128:32 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "HttpQueryOptions" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-react.md b/.api-reports/api-report-react.md
index 65a4bbe7d1f..0b90201df27 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-react.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-react.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import type { Observer } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type * as ReactTypes from 'react';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 import type { VariableDefinitionNode } from 'graphql';
 
@@ -1601,7 +1602,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -2286,9 +2289,9 @@ interface WatchQueryOptions<TVariables extends OperationVariables = OperationVar
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-react_components.md b/.api-reports/api-report-react_components.md
index bc10bbea540..f5658562759 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-react_components.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-react_components.md
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import * as PropTypes from 'prop-types';
 import type * as ReactTypes from 'react';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription as Subscription_2 } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 
 // Warning: (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "Modifier" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
@@ -1358,7 +1359,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -1745,9 +1748,9 @@ interface WatchQueryOptions<TVariables extends OperationVariables = OperationVar
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-react_context.md b/.api-reports/api-report-react_context.md
index be23807c6a2..eef166bb080 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-react_context.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-react_context.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import type { Observer } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type * as ReactTypes from 'react';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 
 // Warning: (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "Modifier" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
@@ -1266,7 +1267,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -1641,9 +1644,9 @@ interface WatchQueryOptions<TVariables extends OperationVariables = OperationVar
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-react_hoc.md b/.api-reports/api-report-react_hoc.md
index c4954814fa1..795b987087b 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-react_hoc.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-react_hoc.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import type { Observer } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type * as ReactTypes from 'react';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 
 // Warning: (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "Modifier" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
@@ -1335,7 +1336,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -1686,9 +1689,9 @@ export function withSubscription<TProps extends TGraphQLVariables | {} = {}, TDa
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-react_hooks.md b/.api-reports/api-report-react_hooks.md
index 2aed4efbb46..5e17fe31a09 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-react_hooks.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-react_hooks.md
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { Observable } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Observer } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 
 // Warning: (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "Modifier" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
@@ -1520,7 +1521,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -2178,9 +2181,9 @@ interface WatchQueryOptions<TVariables extends OperationVariables = OperationVar
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-react_ssr.md b/.api-reports/api-report-react_ssr.md
index 054e84da295..10ed1cf832f 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-react_ssr.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-react_ssr.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import type { Observer } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type * as ReactTypes from 'react';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 
 // Warning: (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "Modifier" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
@@ -1252,7 +1253,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -1627,9 +1630,9 @@ interface WatchQueryOptions<TVariables extends OperationVariables = OperationVar
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-testing.md b/.api-reports/api-report-testing.md
index 00e05ee3011..0710cb68e3c 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-testing.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-testing.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import type { Observer } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import * as React_2 from 'react';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 
 // Warning: (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "Modifier" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
@@ -1338,7 +1339,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -1690,9 +1693,9 @@ export function withWarningSpy<TArgs extends any[], TResult>(it: (...args: TArgs
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-testing_core.md b/.api-reports/api-report-testing_core.md
index 313f20a2f54..0cadba43966 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-testing_core.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-testing_core.md
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { Observable } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Observer } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscriber } from 'zen-observable-ts';
 import type { Subscription } from 'zen-observable-ts';
+import { Trie } from '@wry/trie';
 import { TypedDocumentNode } from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core';
 
 // Warning: (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "Modifier" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
@@ -1294,7 +1295,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -1646,9 +1649,9 @@ export function withWarningSpy<TArgs extends any[], TResult>(it: (...args: TArgs
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:46:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FragmentMap" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report-utilities.md b/.api-reports/api-report-utilities.md
index 3ca8456512a..59c8e4d8380 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report-utilities.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report-utilities.md
@@ -2018,7 +2018,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -2539,9 +2541,9 @@ interface WriteContext extends ReadMergeModifyContext {
 // src/core/LocalState.ts:71:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloClient" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:158:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "ApolloError" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:160:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "NetworkStatus" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/types.ts:178:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationQueryReducer" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.api-reports/api-report.md b/.api-reports/api-report.md
index 9e336a0c50a..04a979da240 100644
--- a/.api-reports/api-report.md
+++ b/.api-reports/api-report.md
@@ -2156,7 +2156,9 @@ class QueryManager<TStore> {
     // (undocumented)
     getQueryStore(): Record<string, QueryStoreValue>;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Map<string, Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>>;
+    protected inFlightLinkObservables: Trie<{
+        observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>> | undefined;
+    }>;
     // (undocumented)
     link: ApolloLink;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -2958,9 +2960,9 @@ interface WriteContext extends ReadMergeModifyContext {
 // src/cache/inmemory/types.ts:126:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "KeyFieldsFunction" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:113:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryManager" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/ObservableQuery.ts:114:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "QueryInfo" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:119:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:153:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
-// src/core/QueryManager.ts:384:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:120:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "MutationStoreValue" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:154:5 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "LocalState" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
+// src/core/QueryManager.ts:394:7 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueries" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/core/watchQueryOptions.ts:191:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "UpdateQueryFn" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/link/http/selectHttpOptionsAndBody.ts:128:32 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "HttpQueryOptions" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
 // src/react/hooks/useBackgroundQuery.ts:26:3 - (ae-forgotten-export) The symbol "FetchMoreFunction" needs to be exported by the entry point index.d.ts
diff --git a/.changeset/sixty-boxes-rest.md b/.changeset/sixty-boxes-rest.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cce6eb7a98a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/sixty-boxes-rest.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+"@apollo/client": minor
+---
+
+`QueryManager.inFlightLinkObservables` now uses a strong `Trie` as an internal data structure.
+
+#### Warning: requires `@apollo/experimental-nextjs-app-support` update
+If you are using `@apollo/experimental-nextjs-app-support`, you will need to update that to at least 0.5.2, as it accesses this internal data structure.
diff --git a/.size-limits.json b/.size-limits.json
index e196670f752..dfe8306d94f 100644
--- a/.size-limits.json
+++ b/.size-limits.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "dist/apollo-client.min.cjs": 38632,
-  "import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, HttpLink } from \"dist/index.js\" (production)": 32215
+  "dist/apollo-client.min.cjs": 38693,
+  "import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, HttpLink } from \"dist/index.js\" (production)": 32306
 }
diff --git a/src/core/QueryManager.ts b/src/core/QueryManager.ts
index f6c471ef840..3a94078f3da 100644
--- a/src/core/QueryManager.ts
+++ b/src/core/QueryManager.ts
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ interface TransformCacheEntry {
 }
 
 import type { DefaultOptions } from "./ApolloClient.js";
+import { Trie } from "@wry/trie";
 
 export class QueryManager<TStore> {
   public cache: ApolloCache<TStore>;
@@ -182,6 +183,15 @@ export class QueryManager<TStore> {
     if ((this.onBroadcast = onBroadcast)) {
       this.mutationStore = Object.create(null);
     }
+
+    // TODO: remove before we release 3.9
+    Object.defineProperty(this.inFlightLinkObservables, "get", {
+      value: () => {
+        throw new Error(
+          "This version of Apollo Client requires at least @apollo/experimental-nextjs-app-support version 0.5.2."
+        );
+      },
+    });
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1065,10 +1075,9 @@ export class QueryManager<TStore> {
 
   // Use protected instead of private field so
   // @apollo/experimental-nextjs-app-support can access type info.
-  protected inFlightLinkObservables = new Map<
-    string,
-    Map<string, Observable<FetchResult>>
-  >();
+  protected inFlightLinkObservables = new Trie<{
+    observable?: Observable<FetchResult<any>>;
+  }>(false);
 
   private getObservableFromLink<T = any>(
     query: DocumentNode,
@@ -1078,7 +1087,7 @@ export class QueryManager<TStore> {
     deduplication: boolean = context?.queryDeduplication ??
       this.queryDeduplication
   ): Observable<FetchResult<T>> {
-    let observable: Observable<FetchResult<T>>;
+    let observable: Observable<FetchResult<T>> | undefined;
 
     const { serverQuery, clientQuery } = this.getDocumentInfo(query);
     if (serverQuery) {
@@ -1098,24 +1107,22 @@ export class QueryManager<TStore> {
 
       if (deduplication) {
         const printedServerQuery = print(serverQuery);
-        const byVariables =
-          inFlightLinkObservables.get(printedServerQuery) || new Map();
-        inFlightLinkObservables.set(printedServerQuery, byVariables);
-
         const varJson = canonicalStringify(variables);
-        observable = byVariables.get(varJson);
 
+        const entry = inFlightLinkObservables.lookup(
+          printedServerQuery,
+          varJson
+        );
+
+        observable = entry.observable;
         if (!observable) {
           const concast = new Concast([
             execute(link, operation) as Observable<FetchResult<T>>,
           ]);
-
-          byVariables.set(varJson, (observable = concast));
+          observable = entry.observable = concast;
 
           concast.beforeNext(() => {
-            if (byVariables.delete(varJson) && byVariables.size < 1) {
-              inFlightLinkObservables.delete(printedServerQuery);
-            }
+            inFlightLinkObservables.remove(printedServerQuery, varJson);
           });
         }
       } else {
diff --git a/src/core/__tests__/QueryManager/index.ts b/src/core/__tests__/QueryManager/index.ts
index 6358d171f4c..8a911fd72de 100644
--- a/src/core/__tests__/QueryManager/index.ts
+++ b/src/core/__tests__/QueryManager/index.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import observableToPromise, {
 import { itAsync, subscribeAndCount } from "../../../testing/core";
 import { ApolloClient } from "../../../core";
 import { mockFetchQuery } from "../ObservableQuery";
+import { Concast, print } from "../../../utilities";
 
 interface MockedMutation {
   reject: (reason: any) => any;
@@ -6016,7 +6017,11 @@ describe("QueryManager", () => {
 
       queryManager.query({ query, context: { queryDeduplication: true } });
 
-      expect(queryManager["inFlightLinkObservables"].size).toBe(1);
+      expect(
+        queryManager["inFlightLinkObservables"].peek(print(query), "{}")
+      ).toEqual({
+        observable: expect.any(Concast),
+      });
     });
 
     it("should allow overriding global queryDeduplication: true to false", () => {
@@ -6042,7 +6047,9 @@ describe("QueryManager", () => {
 
       queryManager.query({ query, context: { queryDeduplication: false } });
 
-      expect(queryManager["inFlightLinkObservables"].size).toBe(0);
+      expect(
+        queryManager["inFlightLinkObservables"].peek(print(query), "{}")
+      ).toBeUndefined();
     });
   });