[ty] dataclasses: Allow using dataclasses.dataclass as a function. (#18440)

## Summary

Part of astral-sh/ty#111

Using `dataclass` as a function, instead of as a decorator did not work
as expected prior to this.
Fix that by modifying the dataclass overload's return type.

## Test Plan

New mdtests, fixing the existing TODO.

Author: abhijeetbodas2001

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/dataclasses.md

@@ -797,7 +797,20 @@ C(1) < C(2)  # ok
 
 ### Using `dataclass` as a function
 
-To do
+```py
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+class B:
+    x: int
+
+# error: [missing-argument]
+dataclass(B)()
+
+# error: [invalid-argument-type]
+dataclass(B)("a")
+
+reveal_type(dataclass(B)(3).x)  # revealed: int
+```
 
 ## Internals
 

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/call/bind.rs

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ use crate::types::function::{DataclassTransformerParams, FunctionDecorators, Kno
 use crate::types::generics::{Specialization, SpecializationBuilder, SpecializationError};
 use crate::types::signatures::{Parameter, ParameterForm};
 use crate::types::{
-    BoundMethodType, DataclassParams, KnownClass, KnownInstanceType, MethodWrapperKind,
-    PropertyInstanceType, SpecialFormType, TupleType, TypeMapping, UnionType,
+    BoundMethodType, ClassLiteral, DataclassParams, KnownClass, KnownInstanceType,
+    MethodWrapperKind, PropertyInstanceType, SpecialFormType, TupleType, TypeMapping, UnionType,
     WrapperDescriptorKind, ide_support, todo_type,
 };
 use ruff_db::diagnostic::{Annotation, Diagnostic, Severity, SubDiagnostic};
@@ -839,6 +839,21 @@ impl<'db> Bindings<'db> {
 
                                 overload.set_return_type(Type::DataclassDecorator(params));
                             }
+
+                            // `dataclass` being used as a non-decorator
+                            if let [Some(Type::ClassLiteral(class_literal))] =
+                                overload.parameter_types()
+                            {
+                                let params = DataclassParams::default();
+                                overload.set_return_type(Type::from(ClassLiteral::new(
+                                    db,
+                                    class_literal.name(db),
+                                    class_literal.body_scope(db),
+                                    class_literal.known(db),
+                                    Some(params),
+                                    class_literal.dataclass_transformer_params(db),
+                                )));
+                            }
                         }
 
                         Some(KnownFunction::DataclassTransform) => {