diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/statement.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/statement.rs
index cded9e44e6002..f85a322aa65a8 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/statement.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/statement.rs
@@ -43,9 +43,6 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
                     pycodestyle::rules::ambiguous_variable_name(checker, name, name.range());
                 }
             }
-            if checker.is_rule_enabled(Rule::NonlocalWithoutBinding) {
-                pylint::rules::nonlocal_without_binding(checker, nonlocal);
-            }
             if checker.is_rule_enabled(Rule::NonlocalAndGlobal) {
                 pylint::rules::nonlocal_and_global(checker, nonlocal);
             }
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs
index 7750d29f34d8a..a7139ab55de2d 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ use crate::rules::pyflakes::rules::{
     UndefinedLocalWithNestedImportStarUsage, YieldOutsideFunction,
 };
 use crate::rules::pylint::rules::{
-    AwaitOutsideAsync, LoadBeforeGlobalDeclaration, YieldFromInAsyncFunction,
+    AwaitOutsideAsync, LoadBeforeGlobalDeclaration, NonlocalWithoutBinding,
+    YieldFromInAsyncFunction,
 };
 use crate::rules::{flake8_pyi, flake8_type_checking, pyflakes, pyupgrade};
 use crate::settings::rule_table::RuleTable;
@@ -641,6 +642,10 @@ impl SemanticSyntaxContext for Checker<'_> {
         self.semantic.global(name)
     }
 
+    fn has_nonlocal_binding(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
+        self.semantic.nonlocal(name).is_some()
+    }
+
     fn report_semantic_error(&self, error: SemanticSyntaxError) {
         match error.kind {
             SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::LateFutureImport => {
@@ -717,6 +722,12 @@ impl SemanticSyntaxContext for Checker<'_> {
                     self.report_diagnostic(pyflakes::rules::ContinueOutsideLoop, error.range);
                 }
             }
+            SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::NonlocalWithoutBinding(name) => {
+                // PLE0117
+                if self.is_rule_enabled(Rule::NonlocalWithoutBinding) {
+                    self.report_diagnostic(NonlocalWithoutBinding { name }, error.range);
+                }
+            }
             SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::ReboundComprehensionVariable
             | SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::DuplicateTypeParameter
             | SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::MultipleCaseAssignment(_)
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/nonlocal_without_binding.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/nonlocal_without_binding.rs
index ff2bd1a2ab0de..c6e82e3958c25 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/nonlocal_without_binding.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/nonlocal_without_binding.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 use ruff_macros::{ViolationMetadata, derive_message_formats};
-use ruff_python_ast as ast;
-use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::Violation;
-use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 
 /// ## What it does
 /// Checks for `nonlocal` names without bindings.
@@ -45,19 +42,3 @@ impl Violation for NonlocalWithoutBinding {
         format!("Nonlocal name `{name}` found without binding")
     }
 }
-
-/// PLE0117
-pub(crate) fn nonlocal_without_binding(checker: &Checker, nonlocal: &ast::StmtNonlocal) {
-    if !checker.semantic().scope_id.is_global() {
-        for name in &nonlocal.names {
-            if checker.semantic().nonlocal(name).is_none() {
-                checker.report_diagnostic(
-                    NonlocalWithoutBinding {
-                        name: name.to_string(),
-                    },
-                    name.range(),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/semantic_errors.rs b/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/semantic_errors.rs
index aba6e5ed7cd70..c475ea9d288c3 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/semantic_errors.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/semantic_errors.rs
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl SemanticSyntaxChecker {
                     AwaitOutsideAsyncFunctionKind::AsyncWith,
                 );
             }
-            Stmt::Nonlocal(ast::StmtNonlocal { range, .. }) => {
+            Stmt::Nonlocal(ast::StmtNonlocal { names, range, .. }) => {
                 // test_ok nonlocal_declaration_at_module_level
                 // def _():
                 //     nonlocal x
@@ -234,6 +234,18 @@ impl SemanticSyntaxChecker {
                         *range,
                     );
                 }
+
+                if !ctx.in_module_scope() {
+                    for name in names {
+                        if !ctx.has_nonlocal_binding(name) {
+                            Self::add_error(
+                                ctx,
+                                SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::NonlocalWithoutBinding(name.to_string()),
+                                name.range,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
             Stmt::Break(ast::StmtBreak { range, .. }) => {
                 if !ctx.in_loop_context() {
@@ -1154,6 +1166,9 @@ impl Display for SemanticSyntaxError {
             SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::DifferentMatchPatternBindings => {
                 write!(f, "alternative patterns bind different names")
             }
+            SemanticSyntaxErrorKind::NonlocalWithoutBinding(name) => {
+                write!(f, "no binding for nonlocal `{name}` found")
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1554,6 +1569,9 @@ pub enum SemanticSyntaxErrorKind {
     ///         ...
     /// ```
     DifferentMatchPatternBindings,
+
+    /// Represents a nonlocal statement for a name that has no binding in an enclosing scope.
+    NonlocalWithoutBinding(String),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, get_size2::GetSize)]
@@ -1994,6 +2012,9 @@ pub trait SemanticSyntaxContext {
     /// Return the [`TextRange`] at which a name is declared as `global` in the current scope.
     fn global(&self, name: &str) -> Option<TextRange>;
 
+    /// Returns `true` if `name` has a binding in an enclosing scope.
+    fn has_nonlocal_binding(&self, name: &str) -> bool;
+
     /// Returns `true` if the visitor is currently in an async context, i.e. an async function.
     fn in_async_context(&self) -> bool;
 
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_parser/tests/fixtures.rs b/crates/ruff_python_parser/tests/fixtures.rs
index c646fe525b9c2..2de49e6d68410 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_python_parser/tests/fixtures.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_parser/tests/fixtures.rs
@@ -527,6 +527,10 @@ impl SemanticSyntaxContext for SemanticSyntaxCheckerVisitor<'_> {
         None
     }
 
+    fn has_nonlocal_binding(&self, _name: &str) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
     fn in_async_context(&self) -> bool {
         if let Some(scope) = self.scopes.iter().next_back() {
             match scope {
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs
index 8107f9c122ece..72f262b405bbb 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs
@@ -2697,6 +2697,12 @@ impl SemanticSyntaxContext for SemanticIndexBuilder<'_, '_> {
         None
     }
 
+    // We handle the one syntax error that relies on this method (`NonlocalWithoutBinding`) directly
+    // in `TypeInferenceBuilder::infer_nonlocal_statement`, so this just returns `true`.
+    fn has_nonlocal_binding(&self, _name: &str) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
     fn in_async_context(&self) -> bool {
         for scope_info in self.scope_stack.iter().rev() {
             let scope = &self.scopes[scope_info.file_scope_id];