diff --git a/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/prioritized_distribution.rs b/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/prioritized_distribution.rs
index b38975236a59..54503a331728 100644
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/prioritized_distribution.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/prioritized_distribution.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@ pub enum CompatibleDist<'a> {
     },
 }
 
+impl CompatibleDist<'_> {
+    /// Return the `requires-python` specifier for the distribution, if any.
+    pub fn requires_python(&self) -> Option<&VersionSpecifiers> {
+        match self {
+            CompatibleDist::InstalledDist(_) => None,
+            CompatibleDist::SourceDist { sdist, .. } => sdist.file.requires_python.as_ref(),
+            CompatibleDist::CompatibleWheel { wheel, .. } => wheel.file.requires_python.as_ref(),
+            CompatibleDist::IncompatibleWheel { sdist, .. } => sdist.file.requires_python.as_ref(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 pub enum IncompatibleDist {
     /// An incompatible wheel is available.
diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/python_requirement.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/python_requirement.rs
index 3de9293cd134..4b933843fc0a 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/python_requirement.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/python_requirement.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::collections::Bound;
+
 use uv_pep440::Version;
 use uv_pep508::{MarkerEnvironment, MarkerTree};
 use uv_python::{Interpreter, PythonVersion};
@@ -84,6 +86,28 @@ impl PythonRequirement {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Split the [`PythonRequirement`] at the given version.
+    ///
+    /// For example, if the current requirement is `>=3.10`, and the split point is `3.11`, then
+    /// the result will be `>=3.10 and <3.11` and `>=3.11`.
+    pub fn split(&self, at: Bound<Version>) -> Option<(Self, Self)> {
+        let (lower, upper) = self.target.split(at)?;
+        Some((
+            Self {
+                exact: self.exact.clone(),
+                installed: self.installed.clone(),
+                target: lower,
+                source: self.source,
+            },
+            Self {
+                exact: self.exact.clone(),
+                installed: self.installed.clone(),
+                target: upper,
+                source: self.source,
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+
     /// Returns `true` if the minimum version of Python required by the target is greater than the
     /// installed version.
     pub fn raises(&self, target: &RequiresPythonRange) -> bool {
diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/requires_python.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/requires_python.rs
index 27bad6f4468f..ec84b535b2b8 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/requires_python.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/requires_python.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-use pubgrub::Range;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::Bound;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
+use pubgrub::Range;
+
 use uv_distribution_filename::WheelFilename;
 use uv_pep440::{release_specifiers_to_ranges, Version, VersionSpecifier, VersionSpecifiers};
 use uv_pep508::{MarkerExpression, MarkerTree, MarkerValueVersion};
@@ -73,24 +74,43 @@ impl RequiresPython {
                 }
             })?;
 
-        // Extract the bounds.
-        let (lower_bound, upper_bound) = range
-            .bounding_range()
-            .map(|(lower_bound, upper_bound)| {
-                (
-                    LowerBound(lower_bound.cloned()),
-                    UpperBound(upper_bound.cloned()),
-                )
-            })
-            .unwrap_or((LowerBound::default(), UpperBound::default()));
-
         // Convert back to PEP 440 specifiers.
         let specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::from_release_only_bounds(range.iter());
 
-        Some(Self {
-            specifiers,
-            range: RequiresPythonRange(lower_bound, upper_bound),
-        })
+        // Extract the bounds.
+        let range = RequiresPythonRange::from_range(&range);
+
+        Some(Self { specifiers, range })
+    }
+
+    /// Split the [`RequiresPython`] at the given version.
+    ///
+    /// For example, if the current requirement is `>=3.10`, and the split point is `3.11`, then
+    /// the result will be `>=3.10 and <3.11` and `>=3.11`.
+    pub fn split(&self, bound: Bound<Version>) -> Option<(Self, Self)> {
+        let RequiresPythonRange(.., upper) = &self.range;
+
+        let upper = Range::from_range_bounds((bound, upper.clone().into()));
+        let lower = upper.complement();
+
+        // Intersect left and right with the existing range.
+        let lower = lower.intersection(&Range::from(self.range.clone()));
+        let upper = upper.intersection(&Range::from(self.range.clone()));
+
+        if lower.is_empty() || upper.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some((
+                Self {
+                    specifiers: VersionSpecifiers::from_release_only_bounds(lower.iter()),
+                    range: RequiresPythonRange::from_range(&lower),
+                },
+                Self {
+                    specifiers: VersionSpecifiers::from_release_only_bounds(upper.iter()),
+                    range: RequiresPythonRange::from_range(&upper),
+                },
+            ))
+        }
     }
 
     /// Narrow the [`RequiresPython`] by computing the intersection with the given range.
@@ -489,14 +509,9 @@ impl serde::Serialize for RequiresPython {
 impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for RequiresPython {
     fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
         let specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-        let (lower_bound, upper_bound) = release_specifiers_to_ranges(specifiers.clone())
-            .bounding_range()
-            .map(|(lower_bound, upper_bound)| (lower_bound.cloned(), upper_bound.cloned()))
-            .unwrap_or((Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded));
-        Ok(Self {
-            specifiers,
-            range: RequiresPythonRange(LowerBound(lower_bound), UpperBound(upper_bound)),
-        })
+        let range = release_specifiers_to_ranges(specifiers.clone());
+        let range = RequiresPythonRange::from_range(&range);
+        Ok(Self { specifiers, range })
     }
 }
 
@@ -504,6 +519,15 @@ impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for RequiresPython {
 pub struct RequiresPythonRange(LowerBound, UpperBound);
 
 impl RequiresPythonRange {
+    /// Initialize a [`RequiresPythonRange`] from a [`Range`].
+    pub fn from_range(range: &Range<Version>) -> Self {
+        let (lower, upper) = range
+            .bounding_range()
+            .map(|(lower_bound, upper_bound)| (lower_bound.cloned(), upper_bound.cloned()))
+            .unwrap_or((Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded));
+        Self(LowerBound(lower), UpperBound(upper))
+    }
+
     /// Initialize a [`RequiresPythonRange`] with the given bounds.
     pub fn new(lower: LowerBound, upper: UpperBound) -> Self {
         Self(lower, upper)
@@ -967,4 +991,68 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(requires_python.is_exact_without_patch(), expected);
         }
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn split_version() {
+        // Splitting `>=3.10` on `>3.12` should result in `>=3.10, <=3.12` and `>3.12`.
+        let version_specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.10").unwrap();
+        let requires_python = RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&version_specifiers);
+        let (lower, upper) = requires_python
+            .split(Bound::Excluded(Version::new([3, 12])))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            lower,
+            RequiresPython::from_specifiers(
+                &VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.10, <=3.12").unwrap()
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            upper,
+            RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">3.12").unwrap())
+        );
+
+        // Splitting `>=3.10` on `>=3.12` should result in `>=3.10, <3.12` and `>=3.12`.
+        let version_specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.10").unwrap();
+        let requires_python = RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&version_specifiers);
+        let (lower, upper) = requires_python
+            .split(Bound::Included(Version::new([3, 12])))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            lower,
+            RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.10, <3.12").unwrap())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            upper,
+            RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.12").unwrap())
+        );
+
+        // Splitting `>=3.10` on `>=3.9` should return `None`.
+        let version_specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.10").unwrap();
+        let requires_python = RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&version_specifiers);
+        assert!(requires_python
+            .split(Bound::Included(Version::new([3, 9])))
+            .is_none());
+
+        // Splitting `>=3.10` on `>=3.10` should return `None`.
+        let version_specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.10").unwrap();
+        let requires_python = RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&version_specifiers);
+        assert!(requires_python
+            .split(Bound::Included(Version::new([3, 10])))
+            .is_none());
+
+        // Splitting `>=3.9, <3.13` on `>=3.11` should result in `>=3.9, <3.11` and `>=3.11, <3.13`.
+        let version_specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.9, <3.13").unwrap();
+        let requires_python = RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&version_specifiers);
+        let (lower, upper) = requires_python
+            .split(Bound::Included(Version::new([3, 11])))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            lower,
+            RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.9, <3.11").unwrap())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            upper,
+            RequiresPython::from_specifiers(&VersionSpecifiers::from_str(">=3.11, <3.13").unwrap())
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/availability.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/availability.rs
index ba207056a7f2..3a499c1aed1b 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/availability.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/availability.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 
-use crate::resolver::MetadataUnavailable;
 use uv_distribution_types::IncompatibleDist;
 use uv_pep440::{Version, VersionSpecifiers};
 
+use crate::resolver::MetadataUnavailable;
+use crate::ResolverEnvironment;
+
 /// The reason why a package or a version cannot be used.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) enum UnavailableReason {
@@ -164,8 +166,10 @@ impl From<&MetadataUnavailable> for UnavailablePackage {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) enum ResolverVersion {
-    /// A usable version
-    Available(Version),
     /// A version that is not usable for some reason
     Unavailable(Version, UnavailableVersion),
+    /// A usable version
+    Unforked(Version),
+    /// A set of forks.
+    Forked(Vec<ResolverEnvironment>),
 }
diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/environment.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/environment.rs
index d06d01162e69..a29570d7f2e8 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/environment.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/environment.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
-
+use tracing::trace;
+use uv_pep440::VersionSpecifiers;
 use uv_pep508::{MarkerEnvironment, MarkerTree};
 use uv_pypi_types::{ConflictItem, ConflictItemRef, ResolverMarkerEnvironment};
 
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::pubgrub::{PubGrubDependency, PubGrubPackage};
 use crate::requires_python::RequiresPythonRange;
 use crate::resolver::ForkState;
 use crate::universal_marker::{ConflictMarker, UniversalMarker};
-use crate::PythonRequirement;
+use crate::{PythonRequirement, RequiresPython};
 
 /// Represents one or more marker environments for a resolution.
 ///
@@ -510,6 +511,50 @@ impl<'d> Forker<'d> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Fork the resolver based on a `Requires-Python` specifier.
+pub(crate) fn fork_python_requirement(
+    requires_python: &VersionSpecifiers,
+    python_requirement: &PythonRequirement,
+    env: &ResolverEnvironment,
+) -> Vec<ResolverEnvironment> {
+    let requires_python = RequiresPython::from_specifiers(requires_python);
+    let lower = requires_python.range().lower().clone();
+
+    // Attempt to split the current Python requirement based on the `requires-python` specifier.
+    //
+    // For example, if the current requirement is `>=3.10`, and the split point is `>=3.11`, then
+    // the result will be `>=3.10 and <3.11` and `>=3.11`.
+    //
+    // However, if the current requirement is `>=3.10`, and the split point is `>=3.9`, then the
+    // lower segment will be empty, so we should return an empty list.
+    let Some((lower, upper)) = python_requirement.split(lower.into()) else {
+        trace!(
+            "Unable to split Python requirement `{}` via `Requires-Python` specifier `{}`",
+            python_requirement.target(),
+            requires_python,
+        );
+        return vec![];
+    };
+
+    let Kind::Universal {
+        markers: ref env_marker,
+        ..
+    } = env.kind
+    else {
+        panic!("resolver must be in universal mode for forking")
+    };
+
+    let mut envs = vec![];
+    if !env_marker.is_disjoint(lower.to_marker_tree()) {
+        envs.push(env.narrow_environment(lower.to_marker_tree()));
+    }
+    if !env_marker.is_disjoint(upper.to_marker_tree()) {
+        envs.push(env.narrow_environment(upper.to_marker_tree()));
+    }
+    debug_assert!(!envs.is_empty(), "at least one fork should be produced");
+    envs
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::ops::Bound;
diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/mod.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/mod.rs
index 1394e8b797f2..eda0d9ba288e 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/mod.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use uv_distribution_types::{
 };
 use uv_git::GitResolver;
 use uv_normalize::{ExtraName, GroupName, PackageName};
-use uv_pep440::{release_specifiers_to_ranges, Version, MIN_VERSION};
+use uv_pep440::{release_specifiers_to_ranges, Version, VersionSpecifiers, MIN_VERSION};
 use uv_pep508::MarkerTree;
 use uv_platform_tags::Tags;
 use uv_pypi_types::{
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ pub(crate) use crate::resolver::availability::{
 };
 use crate::resolver::batch_prefetch::BatchPrefetcher;
 pub use crate::resolver::derivation::DerivationChainBuilder;
-use crate::resolver::environment::ForkingPossibility;
 pub use crate::resolver::environment::ResolverEnvironment;
+use crate::resolver::environment::{fork_python_requirement, ForkingPossibility};
 pub(crate) use crate::resolver::fork_map::{ForkMap, ForkSet};
 pub(crate) use crate::resolver::urls::Urls;
 use crate::universal_marker::{ConflictMarker, UniversalMarker};
@@ -323,82 +323,90 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             }
             let start = Instant::now();
             loop {
-                // Run unit propagation.
-                if let Err(err) = state.pubgrub.unit_propagation(state.next) {
-                    return Err(self.convert_no_solution_err(
-                        err,
-                        state.fork_urls,
-                        &state.fork_indexes,
-                        state.env,
-                        &visited,
-                        &self.locations,
-                        &self.capabilities,
-                    ));
-                }
-
-                // Pre-visit all candidate packages, to allow metadata to be fetched in parallel.
-                if self.dependency_mode.is_transitive() {
-                    Self::pre_visit(
-                        state
-                            .pubgrub
-                            .partial_solution
-                            .prioritized_packages()
-                            .map(|(id, range)| (&state.pubgrub.package_store[id], range)),
-                        &self.urls,
-                        &self.indexes,
-                        &state.python_requirement,
-                        &request_sink,
-                    )?;
-                }
+                let highest_priority_pkg =
+                    if let Some(initial) = state.initial.take() {
+                        // If we just forked based on `requires-python`, we can skip unit
+                        // propagation, since we already propagated the package that initiated
+                        // the fork.
+                        initial
+                    } else {
+                        // Run unit propagation.
+                        if let Err(err) = state.pubgrub.unit_propagation(state.next) {
+                            return Err(self.convert_no_solution_err(
+                                err,
+                                state.fork_urls,
+                                &state.fork_indexes,
+                                state.env,
+                                &visited,
+                                &self.locations,
+                                &self.capabilities,
+                            ));
+                        }
 
-                // Choose a package version.
-                let Some(highest_priority_pkg) = state
-                    .pubgrub
-                    .partial_solution
-                    .pick_highest_priority_pkg(|id, _range| {
-                        state.priorities.get(&state.pubgrub.package_store[id])
-                    })
-                else {
-                    // All packages have been assigned, the fork has been successfully resolved
-                    if tracing::enabled!(Level::DEBUG) {
-                        prefetcher.log_tried_versions();
-                    }
-                    debug!(
-                        "{} resolution took {:.3}s",
-                        state.env,
-                        start.elapsed().as_secs_f32()
-                    );
+                        // Pre-visit all candidate packages, to allow metadata to be fetched in parallel.
+                        if self.dependency_mode.is_transitive() {
+                            Self::pre_visit(
+                                state
+                                    .pubgrub
+                                    .partial_solution
+                                    .prioritized_packages()
+                                    .map(|(id, range)| (&state.pubgrub.package_store[id], range)),
+                                &self.urls,
+                                &self.indexes,
+                                &state.python_requirement,
+                                &request_sink,
+                            )?;
+                        }
 
-                    let resolution = state.into_resolution();
-
-                    // Walk over the selected versions, and mark them as preferences. We have to
-                    // add forks back as to not override the preferences from the lockfile for
-                    // the next fork
-                    //
-                    // If we're using a resolution mode that varies based on whether a dependency is
-                    // direct or transitive, skip preferences, as we risk adding a preference from
-                    // one fork (in which it's a transitive dependency) to another fork (in which
-                    // it's direct).
-                    if matches!(
-                        self.options.resolution_mode,
-                        ResolutionMode::Lowest | ResolutionMode::Highest
-                    ) {
-                        for (package, version) in &resolution.nodes {
-                            preferences.insert(
-                                package.name.clone(),
-                                package.index.clone(),
-                                resolution
-                                    .env
-                                    .try_universal_markers()
-                                    .unwrap_or(UniversalMarker::TRUE),
-                                version.clone(),
+                        // Choose a package.
+                        let Some(highest_priority_pkg) =
+                            state.pubgrub.partial_solution.pick_highest_priority_pkg(
+                                |id, _range| state.priorities.get(&state.pubgrub.package_store[id]),
+                            )
+                        else {
+                            // All packages have been assigned, the fork has been successfully resolved
+                            if tracing::enabled!(Level::DEBUG) {
+                                prefetcher.log_tried_versions();
+                            }
+                            debug!(
+                                "{} resolution took {:.3}s",
+                                state.env,
+                                start.elapsed().as_secs_f32()
                             );
-                        }
-                    }
 
-                    resolutions.push(resolution);
-                    continue 'FORK;
-                };
+                            let resolution = state.into_resolution();
+
+                            // Walk over the selected versions, and mark them as preferences. We have to
+                            // add forks back as to not override the preferences from the lockfile for
+                            // the next fork
+                            //
+                            // If we're using a resolution mode that varies based on whether a dependency is
+                            // direct or transitive, skip preferences, as we risk adding a preference from
+                            // one fork (in which it's a transitive dependency) to another fork (in which
+                            // it's direct).
+                            if matches!(
+                                self.options.resolution_mode,
+                                ResolutionMode::Lowest | ResolutionMode::Highest
+                            ) {
+                                for (package, version) in &resolution.nodes {
+                                    preferences.insert(
+                                        package.name.clone(),
+                                        package.index.clone(),
+                                        resolution
+                                            .env
+                                            .try_universal_markers()
+                                            .unwrap_or(UniversalMarker::TRUE),
+                                        version.clone(),
+                                    );
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            resolutions.push(resolution);
+                            continue 'FORK;
+                        };
+
+                        highest_priority_pkg
+                    };
 
                 state.next = highest_priority_pkg;
 
@@ -481,8 +489,16 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                     }
                     Some(version) => version,
                 };
+
                 let version = match version {
-                    ResolverVersion::Available(version) => version,
+                    ResolverVersion::Unforked(version) => version,
+                    ResolverVersion::Forked(forks) => {
+                        for mut fork in self.version_forks_to_fork_states(state, forks) {
+                            fork.initial = Some(next_id);
+                            forked_states.push(fork);
+                        }
+                        continue 'FORK;
+                    }
                     ResolverVersion::Unavailable(version, reason) => {
                         state.add_unavailable_version(version, reason);
                         continue;
@@ -742,6 +758,31 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             })
     }
 
+    /// Convert the dependency [`Fork`]s into [`ForkState`]s.
+    #[allow(clippy::unused_self)]
+    fn version_forks_to_fork_states(
+        &self,
+        current_state: ForkState,
+        forks: Vec<ResolverEnvironment>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ForkState> + '_ {
+        // This is a somewhat tortured technique to ensure
+        // that our resolver state is only cloned as much
+        // as it needs to be. We basically move the state
+        // into `forked_states`, and then only clone it if
+        // there is at least one more fork to visit.
+        let mut cur_state = Some(current_state);
+        let forks_len = forks.len();
+        forks.into_iter().enumerate().map(move |(i, fork)| {
+            let is_last = i == forks_len - 1;
+            let forked_state = cur_state.take().unwrap();
+            if !is_last {
+                cur_state = Some(forked_state.clone());
+            }
+
+            forked_state.with_env(fork)
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Visit a [`PubGrubPackage`] prior to selection. This should be called on a [`PubGrubPackage`]
     /// before it is selected, to allow metadata to be fetched in parallel.
     fn visit_package(
@@ -864,7 +905,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
     ) -> Result<Option<ResolverVersion>, ResolveError> {
         match &**package {
             PubGrubPackageInner::Root(_) => {
-                Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Available(MIN_VERSION.clone())))
+                Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Unforked(MIN_VERSION.clone())))
             }
 
             PubGrubPackageInner::Python(_) => {
@@ -1000,7 +1041,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             }
         }
 
-        Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Available(version.clone())))
+        Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Unforked(version.clone())))
     }
 
     /// Given a candidate registry requirement, choose the next version in range to try, or `None`
@@ -1080,7 +1121,28 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         };
 
         // Check whether the version is incompatible due to its Python requirement.
-        if let Some(incompatibility) = Self::check_requires_python(dist, python_requirement) {
+        if let Some((requires_python, incompatibility)) =
+            Self::check_requires_python(dist, python_requirement)
+        {
+            if env.marker_environment().is_none() {
+                let forks = fork_python_requirement(requires_python, python_requirement, env);
+                if !forks.is_empty() {
+                    debug!(
+                        "Forking Python requirement `{}` on `{}` for {}=={} ({})",
+                        python_requirement.target(),
+                        requires_python,
+                        name,
+                        candidate.version(),
+                        forks
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(ToString::to_string)
+                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                            .join(", ")
+                    );
+                    return Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Forked(forks)));
+                }
+            }
+
             return Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Unavailable(
                 candidate.version().clone(),
                 UnavailableVersion::IncompatibleDist(incompatibility),
@@ -1129,47 +1191,39 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             }
         }
 
-        Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Available(version)))
+        Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Unforked(version)))
     }
 
     /// Check if the distribution is incompatible with the Python requirement, and if so, return
     /// the incompatibility.
-    fn check_requires_python(
-        dist: &CompatibleDist,
+    fn check_requires_python<'dist>(
+        dist: &'dist CompatibleDist,
         python_requirement: &PythonRequirement,
-    ) -> Option<IncompatibleDist> {
-        let requires_python = match dist {
-            CompatibleDist::InstalledDist(_) => None,
-            CompatibleDist::SourceDist { sdist, .. }
-            | CompatibleDist::IncompatibleWheel { sdist, .. } => {
-                sdist.file.requires_python.as_ref()
-            }
-            CompatibleDist::CompatibleWheel { wheel, .. } => wheel.file.requires_python.as_ref(),
-        }?;
+    ) -> Option<(&'dist VersionSpecifiers, IncompatibleDist)> {
+        let requires_python = dist.requires_python()?;
         if python_requirement.target().is_contained_by(requires_python) {
             None
         } else {
-            if matches!(dist, CompatibleDist::CompatibleWheel { .. }) {
-                Some(IncompatibleDist::Wheel(IncompatibleWheel::RequiresPython(
+            let incompatibility = if matches!(dist, CompatibleDist::CompatibleWheel { .. }) {
+                IncompatibleDist::Wheel(IncompatibleWheel::RequiresPython(
                     requires_python.clone(),
                     if python_requirement.installed() == python_requirement.target() {
                         PythonRequirementKind::Installed
                     } else {
                         PythonRequirementKind::Target
                     },
-                )))
+                ))
             } else {
-                Some(IncompatibleDist::Source(
-                    IncompatibleSource::RequiresPython(
-                        requires_python.clone(),
-                        if python_requirement.installed() == python_requirement.target() {
-                            PythonRequirementKind::Installed
-                        } else {
-                            PythonRequirementKind::Target
-                        },
-                    ),
+                IncompatibleDist::Source(IncompatibleSource::RequiresPython(
+                    requires_python.clone(),
+                    if python_requirement.installed() == python_requirement.target() {
+                        PythonRequirementKind::Installed
+                    } else {
+                        PythonRequirementKind::Target
+                    },
                 ))
-            }
+            };
+            Some((requires_python, incompatibility))
         }
     }
 
@@ -2078,6 +2132,9 @@ pub(crate) struct ForkState {
     /// in this state. We also ultimately retrieve the final set of version
     /// assignments (to packages) from this state's "partial solution."
     pubgrub: State<UvDependencyProvider>,
+    /// The initial package to select. If set, the first iteration over this state will avoid
+    /// asking PubGrub for the highest-priority package, and will instead use the provided package.
+    initial: Option<Id<PubGrubPackage>>,
     /// The next package on which to run unit propagation.
     next: Id<PubGrubPackage>,
     /// The set of pinned versions we accrue throughout resolution.
@@ -2147,6 +2204,7 @@ impl ForkState {
         python_requirement: PythonRequirement,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
+            initial: None,
             next: pubgrub.root_package,
             pubgrub,
             pins: FilePins::default(),
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs
index 42a985a80909..38ae207c1589 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs
@@ -1847,7 +1847,7 @@ fn lock_conditional_dependency_extra() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    Resolved 7 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 8 packages in [TIME]
     "###);
 
     let lock = fs_err::read_to_string(&lockfile).unwrap();
@@ -1860,7 +1860,8 @@ fn lock_conditional_dependency_extra() -> Result<()> {
         version = 1
         requires-python = ">=3.7"
         resolution-markers = [
-            "python_full_version < '3.10'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '3.10'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.8'",
             "python_full_version >= '3.10'",
         ]
 
@@ -2014,7 +2015,8 @@ fn lock_conditional_dependency_extra() -> Result<()> {
             { name = "certifi" },
             { name = "charset-normalizer" },
             { name = "idna" },
-            { name = "urllib3" },
+            { name = "urllib3", version = "2.0.7", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "urllib3", version = "2.2.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/be/10918a2eac4ae9f02f6cfe6414b7a155ccd8f7f9d4380d62fd5b955065c3/requests-2.31.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:942c5a758f98d790eaed1a29cb6eefc7ffb0d1cf7af05c3d2791656dbd6ad1e1", size = 110794 }
         wheels = [
@@ -2030,10 +2032,26 @@ fn lock_conditional_dependency_extra() -> Result<()> {
         name = "urllib3"
         version = "2.0.7"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/47/b215df9f71b4fdba1025fc05a77db2ad243fa0926755a52c5e71659f4e3c/urllib3-2.0.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c97dfde1f7bd43a71c8d2a58e369e9b2bf692d1334ea9f9cae55add7d0dd0f84", size = 282546 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/b2/b157855192a68541a91ba7b2bbcb91f1b4faa51f8bae38d8005c034be524/urllib3-2.0.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:fdb6d215c776278489906c2f8916e6e7d4f5a9b602ccbcfdf7f016fc8da0596e", size = 124213 },
         ]
+
+        [[package]]
+        name = "urllib3"
+        version = "2.2.1"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '3.10'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.10'",
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7a/50/7fd50a27caa0652cd4caf224aa87741ea41d3265ad13f010886167cfcc79/urllib3-2.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d0570876c61ab9e520d776c38acbbb5b05a776d3f9ff98a5c8fd5162a444cf19", size = 291020 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/73/a68704750a7679d0b6d3ad7aa8d4da8e14e151ae82e6fee774e6e0d05ec8/urllib3-2.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:450b20ec296a467077128bff42b73080516e71b56ff59a60a02bef2232c4fa9d", size = 121067 },
+        ]
         "###
         );
     });
@@ -2065,7 +2083,7 @@ fn lock_conditional_dependency_extra() -> Result<()> {
      + idna==3.6
      + project==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/)
      + requests==2.31.0
-     + urllib3==2.0.7
+     + urllib3==2.2.1
     "###);
 
     // Validate that the extra is included on relevant Python versions.
@@ -2081,7 +2099,7 @@ fn lock_conditional_dependency_extra() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    Resolved 7 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 8 packages in [TIME]
     "###);
 
     // Install from the lockfile.
@@ -2099,7 +2117,7 @@ fn lock_conditional_dependency_extra() -> Result<()> {
      + project==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/)
      + pysocks==1.7.1
      + requests==2.31.0
-     + urllib3==2.0.7
+     + urllib3==2.2.1
     "###);
 
     Ok(())
@@ -3213,7 +3231,7 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-      × No solution found when resolving dependencies:
+      × No solution found when resolving dependencies for split (python_full_version >= '3.7' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'):
       ╰─▶ Because the requested Python version (>=3.7) does not satisfy Python>=3.8 and the requested Python version (>=3.7) does not satisfy Python>=3.7.9,<3.8, we can conclude that Python>=3.7.9 is incompatible.
           And because pygls>=1.1.0,<=1.2.1 depends on Python>=3.7.9,<4 and only pygls<=1.3.0 is available, we can conclude that all of:
               pygls>=1.1.0,<1.3.0
@@ -3253,7 +3271,7 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    Resolved 10 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 17 packages in [TIME]
     "###);
 
     let lock = fs_err::read_to_string(&lockfile).unwrap();
@@ -3265,6 +3283,12 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
             lock, @r###"
         version = 1
         requires-python = ">=3.7"
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.7.4'",
+        ]
 
         [options]
         exclude-newer = "2024-03-25T00:00:00Z"
@@ -3285,16 +3309,38 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         name = "cattrs"
         version = "23.1.2"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.7.4'",
+        ]
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "attrs" },
-            { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
-            { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.7.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/d4/27f9fd840e74d51b6d6a024d39ff495b56ffde71d28eb82758b7b85d0617/cattrs-23.1.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:db1c821b8c537382b2c7c66678c3790091ca0275ac486c76f3c8f3920e83c657", size = 39998 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/ba/05df14efaa0624fac6b1510e87f5ce446208d2f6ce50270a89b6268aebfe/cattrs-23.1.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b2bb14311ac17bed0d58785e5a60f022e5431aca3932e3fc5cc8ed8639de50a4", size = 50845 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "cattrs"
+        version = "23.2.3"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+            { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+            { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.10.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/57/c6ccd22658c4bcb3beb3f1c262e1f170cf136e913b122763d0ddd328d284/cattrs-23.2.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a934090d95abaa9e911dac357e3a8699e0b4b14f8529bcc7d2b1ad9d51672b9f", size = 610215 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b3/0d/cd4a4071c7f38385dc5ba91286723b4d1090b87815db48216212c6c6c30e/cattrs-23.2.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0341994d94971052e9ee70662542699a3162ea1e0c62f7ce1b4a57f563685108", size = 57474 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "exceptiongroup"
         version = "1.2.0"
@@ -3309,21 +3355,43 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         version = "6.7.0"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
-            { name = "zipp" },
+            { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.7.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "zipp", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/82/f6e29c8d5c098b6be61460371c2c5591f4a335923639edec43b3830650a4/importlib_metadata-6.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1aaf550d4f73e5d6783e7acb77aec43d49da8017410afae93822cc9cca98c4d4", size = 53569 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ff/94/64287b38c7de4c90683630338cf28f129decbba0a44f0c6db35a873c73c4/importlib_metadata-6.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cb52082e659e97afc5dac71e79de97d8681de3aa07ff18578330904a9d18e5b5", size = 22934 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "lsprotocol"
+        version = "2023.0.0"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "cattrs", version = "23.1.2", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/fe/f7671a4fb28606ff1663bba60aff6af21b1e43a977c74c33db13cb83680f/lsprotocol-2023.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c9d92e12a3f4ed9317d3068226592860aab5357d93cf5b2451dc244eee8f35f2", size = 69399 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2d/5b/f18eb1823a4cee9bed70cdcc25eed5a75845367c42e63a79010a7c34f8a7/lsprotocol-2023.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e85fc87ee26c816adca9eb497bb3db1a7c79c477a11563626e712eaccf926a05", size = 70789 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "lsprotocol"
         version = "2023.0.1"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.7.4'",
+        ]
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "attrs" },
-            { name = "cattrs" },
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version < '3.7.9' or python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+            { name = "cattrs", version = "23.1.2", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.7.9'" },
+            { name = "cattrs", version = "23.2.3", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/f6/6e80484ec078d0b50699ceb1833597b792a6c695f90c645fbaf54b947e6f/lsprotocol-2023.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cc5c15130d2403c18b734304339e51242d3018a05c4f7d0f198ad6e0cd21861d", size = 69434 }
         wheels = [
@@ -3335,7 +3403,10 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         version = "0.1.0"
         source = { editable = "." }
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "pygls" },
+            { name = "pygls", version = "1.0.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.7.4'" },
+            { name = "pygls", version = "1.0.2", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'" },
+            { name = "pygls", version = "1.2.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "pygls", version = "1.3.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
         ]
 
         [package.metadata]
@@ -3345,33 +3416,119 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         name = "pygls"
         version = "1.0.1"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.7.4'",
+        ]
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "lsprotocol" },
-            { name = "typeguard" },
+            { name = "lsprotocol", version = "2023.0.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.7.4'" },
+            { name = "typeguard", version = "2.13.3", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.7.4'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8e/27/58ff0f76b379fc11a1d03e8d4b4e96fd0abb463d27709a7fb4193bcdbbc4/pygls-1.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f3ee98ddbb4690eb5c755bc32ba7e129607f14cbd313575f33d0cea443b78cb2", size = 674546 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/da/9b/4fd77a060068f2f3f46f97ed6ba8762c5a73f11ef0c196cfd34f3a9be878/pygls-1.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:adacc96da77598c70f46acfdfd1481d3da90cd54f639f7eee52eb6e4dbd57b55", size = 40367 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "pygls"
+        version = "1.0.2"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "lsprotocol", version = "2023.0.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'" },
+            { name = "typeguard", version = "3.0.2", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bb/c4/fc9c817ba0f1ad0fdbe1686bc8211a0dc2390ab11cf7780e9eeed718594b/pygls-1.0.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:888ed63d1f650b4fc64d603d73d37545386ec533c0caac921aed80f80ea946a4", size = 674931 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/c6/ed6aa6fb709abf57b1a75b83f7809792b79320247391dda8f04d2a003548/pygls-1.0.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6d278d29fa6559b0f7a448263c85cb64ec6e9369548b02f1a7944060848b21f9", size = 38654 },
+        ]
+
+        [[package]]
+        name = "pygls"
+        version = "1.2.1"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "lsprotocol", version = "2023.0.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/94/534c11ba5475df09542e48d751a66e0448d52bbbb92cbef5541deef7760d/pygls-1.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:04f9b9c115b622dcc346fb390289066565343d60245a424eca77cb429b911ed8", size = 45274 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/36/31/3799444d3f072ffca1a35eb02a48f964384cc13f001125e87d9f0748687b/pygls-1.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7dcfcf12b6f15beb606afa46de2ed348b65a279c340ef2242a9a35c22eeafe94", size = 55983 },
+        ]
+
+        [[package]]
+        name = "pygls"
+        version = "1.3.0"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "cattrs", version = "23.2.3", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+            { name = "lsprotocol", version = "2023.0.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e9/8d/31b50ac0879464049d744a1ddf00dc6474433eb55d40fa0c8e8510591ad2/pygls-1.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b44ace89c9382437a717534f490eadc6fda7c0c6c16ac1eaaf5568e345e4fb8", size = 45539 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4e/1e/643070d8f5c851958662e7e5df16d9c3a068a598a7ee7bb2eb8d95b4e5d7/pygls-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d4a01414b6ed4e34e7e8fd29b77d3e88c29615df7d0bbff49bf019e15ec04b8f", size = 56031 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "typeguard"
         version = "2.13.3"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.7.4'",
+        ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/38/c61bfcf62a7b572b5e9363a802ff92559cb427ee963048e1442e3aef7490/typeguard-2.13.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:00edaa8da3a133674796cf5ea87d9f4b4c367d77476e185e80251cc13dfbb8c4", size = 40604 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/bb/d43e5c75054e53efce310e79d63df0ac3f25e34c926be5dffb7d283fb2a8/typeguard-2.13.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5e3e3be01e887e7eafae5af63d1f36c849aaa94e3a0112097312aabfa16284f1", size = 17605 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "typeguard"
+        version = "3.0.2"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "importlib-metadata", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'" },
+            { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.7.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/40/3398497c6e6951c92abaf933492d6633e7ac4df0bfc9d81f304b3f977f15/typeguard-3.0.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fee5297fdb28f8e9efcb8142b5ee219e02375509cd77ea9d270b5af826358d5a", size = 58171 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e2/62/7d206b0ac6fcbb163215ecc622a54eb747f85ad86d14bc513a834442d0f6/typeguard-3.0.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bbe993854385284ab42fd5bd3bee6f6556577ce8b50696d6cb956d704f286c8e", size = 30696 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "typing-extensions"
         version = "4.7.1"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.9' and python_full_version < '3.8'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7.4' and python_full_version < '3.7.9'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.7.4'",
+        ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/8b/0111dd7d6c1478bf83baa1cab85c686426c7a6274119aceb2bd9d35395ad/typing_extensions-4.7.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b75ddc264f0ba5615db7ba217daeb99701ad295353c45f9e95963337ceeeffb2", size = 72876 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/6b/63cc3df74987c36fe26157ee12e09e8f9db4de771e0f3404263117e75b95/typing_extensions-4.7.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:440d5dd3af93b060174bf433bccd69b0babc3b15b1a8dca43789fd7f61514b36", size = 33232 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "typing-extensions"
+        version = "4.10.0"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/16/3a/0d26ce356c7465a19c9ea8814b960f8a36c3b0d07c323176620b7b483e44/typing_extensions-4.10.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b0abd7c89e8fb96f98db18d86106ff1d90ab692004eb746cf6eda2682f91b3cb", size = 77558 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f9/de/dc04a3ea60b22624b51c703a84bbe0184abcd1d0b9bc8074b5d6b7ab90bb/typing_extensions-4.10.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:69b1a937c3a517342112fb4c6df7e72fc39a38e7891a5730ed4985b5214b5475", size = 33926 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "zipp"
         version = "3.15.0"
@@ -3408,7 +3565,7 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    Resolved 9 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 13 packages in [TIME]
     "###);
 
     let lock = fs_err::read_to_string(&lockfile).unwrap();
@@ -3420,6 +3577,10 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
             lock, @r###"
         version = 1
         requires-python = ">=3.7.9"
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
 
         [options]
         exclude-newer = "2024-03-25T00:00:00Z"
@@ -3440,16 +3601,36 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         name = "cattrs"
         version = "23.1.2"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "attrs" },
-            { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
-            { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.7.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/d4/27f9fd840e74d51b6d6a024d39ff495b56ffde71d28eb82758b7b85d0617/cattrs-23.1.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:db1c821b8c537382b2c7c66678c3790091ca0275ac486c76f3c8f3920e83c657", size = 39998 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/ba/05df14efaa0624fac6b1510e87f5ce446208d2f6ce50270a89b6268aebfe/cattrs-23.1.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b2bb14311ac17bed0d58785e5a60f022e5431aca3932e3fc5cc8ed8639de50a4", size = 50845 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "cattrs"
+        version = "23.2.3"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+            { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+            { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.10.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/57/c6ccd22658c4bcb3beb3f1c262e1f170cf136e913b122763d0ddd328d284/cattrs-23.2.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a934090d95abaa9e911dac357e3a8699e0b4b14f8529bcc7d2b1ad9d51672b9f", size = 610215 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b3/0d/cd4a4071c7f38385dc5ba91286723b4d1090b87815db48216212c6c6c30e/cattrs-23.2.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0341994d94971052e9ee70662542699a3162ea1e0c62f7ce1b4a57f563685108", size = 57474 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "exceptiongroup"
         version = "1.2.0"
@@ -3464,8 +3645,8 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         version = "6.7.0"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
-            { name = "zipp" },
+            { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.7.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "zipp", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/82/f6e29c8d5c098b6be61460371c2c5591f4a335923639edec43b3830650a4/importlib_metadata-6.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1aaf550d4f73e5d6783e7acb77aec43d49da8017410afae93822cc9cca98c4d4", size = 53569 }
         wheels = [
@@ -3476,21 +3657,41 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         name = "lsprotocol"
         version = "2023.0.0"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "attrs" },
-            { name = "cattrs" },
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "cattrs", version = "23.1.2", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/fe/f7671a4fb28606ff1663bba60aff6af21b1e43a977c74c33db13cb83680f/lsprotocol-2023.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c9d92e12a3f4ed9317d3068226592860aab5357d93cf5b2451dc244eee8f35f2", size = 69399 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2d/5b/f18eb1823a4cee9bed70cdcc25eed5a75845367c42e63a79010a7c34f8a7/lsprotocol-2023.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e85fc87ee26c816adca9eb497bb3db1a7c79c477a11563626e712eaccf926a05", size = 70789 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "lsprotocol"
+        version = "2023.0.1"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "attrs", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+            { name = "cattrs", version = "23.2.3", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/f6/6e80484ec078d0b50699ceb1833597b792a6c695f90c645fbaf54b947e6f/lsprotocol-2023.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cc5c15130d2403c18b734304339e51242d3018a05c4f7d0f198ad6e0cd21861d", size = 69434 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8d/37/2351e48cb3309673492d3a8c59d407b75fb6630e560eb27ecd4da03adc9a/lsprotocol-2023.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c75223c9e4af2f24272b14c6375787438279369236cd568f596d4951052a60f2", size = 70826 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "project"
         version = "0.1.0"
         source = { editable = "." }
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "pygls" },
+            { name = "pygls", version = "1.2.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
+            { name = "pygls", version = "1.3.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
         ]
 
         [package.metadata]
@@ -3500,23 +3701,57 @@ fn lock_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
         name = "pygls"
         version = "1.2.1"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "lsprotocol" },
+            { name = "lsprotocol", version = "2023.0.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.8'" },
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/94/534c11ba5475df09542e48d751a66e0448d52bbbb92cbef5541deef7760d/pygls-1.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:04f9b9c115b622dcc346fb390289066565343d60245a424eca77cb429b911ed8", size = 45274 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/36/31/3799444d3f072ffca1a35eb02a48f964384cc13f001125e87d9f0748687b/pygls-1.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7dcfcf12b6f15beb606afa46de2ed348b65a279c340ef2242a9a35c22eeafe94", size = 55983 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "pygls"
+        version = "1.3.0"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+        ]
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "cattrs", version = "23.2.3", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+            { name = "lsprotocol", version = "2023.0.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.8'" },
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e9/8d/31b50ac0879464049d744a1ddf00dc6474433eb55d40fa0c8e8510591ad2/pygls-1.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b44ace89c9382437a717534f490eadc6fda7c0c6c16ac1eaaf5568e345e4fb8", size = 45539 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4e/1e/643070d8f5c851958662e7e5df16d9c3a068a598a7ee7bb2eb8d95b4e5d7/pygls-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d4a01414b6ed4e34e7e8fd29b77d3e88c29615df7d0bbff49bf019e15ec04b8f", size = 56031 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "typing-extensions"
         version = "4.7.1"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.8'",
+        ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/8b/0111dd7d6c1478bf83baa1cab85c686426c7a6274119aceb2bd9d35395ad/typing_extensions-4.7.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b75ddc264f0ba5615db7ba217daeb99701ad295353c45f9e95963337ceeeffb2", size = 72876 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/6b/63cc3df74987c36fe26157ee12e09e8f9db4de771e0f3404263117e75b95/typing_extensions-4.7.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:440d5dd3af93b060174bf433bccd69b0babc3b15b1a8dca43789fd7f61514b36", size = 33232 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "typing-extensions"
+        version = "4.10.0"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.8'",
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/16/3a/0d26ce356c7465a19c9ea8814b960f8a36c3b0d07c323176620b7b483e44/typing_extensions-4.10.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b0abd7c89e8fb96f98db18d86106ff1d90ab692004eb746cf6eda2682f91b3cb", size = 77558 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f9/de/dc04a3ea60b22624b51c703a84bbe0184abcd1d0b9bc8074b5d6b7ab90bb/typing_extensions-4.10.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:69b1a937c3a517342112fb4c6df7e72fc39a38e7891a5730ed4985b5214b5475", size = 33926 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "zipp"
         version = "3.15.0"
@@ -4513,7 +4748,7 @@ fn lock_requires_python_unbounded() -> Result<()> {
 
     ----- stderr -----
     warning: The workspace `requires-python` value (`<=3.12`) does not contain a lower bound. Add a lower bound to indicate the minimum compatible Python version (e.g., `>=3.11`).
-    Resolved 2 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
     "###);
 
     let lock = fs_err::read_to_string(&lockfile).unwrap();
@@ -4525,6 +4760,10 @@ fn lock_requires_python_unbounded() -> Result<()> {
             lock, @r###"
         version = 1
         requires-python = "<=3.12"
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.7'",
+        ]
 
         [options]
         exclude-newer = "2024-03-25T00:00:00Z"
@@ -4533,17 +4772,33 @@ fn lock_requires_python_unbounded() -> Result<()> {
         name = "iniconfig"
         version = "1.1.1"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.7'",
+        ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/23/a2/97899f6bd0e873fed3a7e67ae8d3a08b21799430fb4da15cfedf10d6e2c2/iniconfig-1.1.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bc3af051d7d14b2ee5ef9969666def0cd1a000e121eaea580d4a313df4b37f32", size = 8104 }
         wheels = [
             { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9b/dd/b3c12c6d707058fa947864b67f0c4e0c39ef8610988d7baea9578f3c48f3/iniconfig-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:011e24c64b7f47f6ebd835bb12a743f2fbe9a26d4cecaa7f53bc4f35ee9da8b3", size = 4990 },
         ]
 
+        [[package]]
+        name = "iniconfig"
+        version = "2.0.0"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.7'",
+        ]
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/4b/cbd8e699e64a6f16ca3a8220661b5f83792b3017d0f79807cb8708d33913/iniconfig-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2d91e135bf72d31a410b17c16da610a82cb55f6b0477d1a902134b24a455b8b3", size = 4646 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ef/a6/62565a6e1cf69e10f5727360368e451d4b7f58beeac6173dc9db836a5b46/iniconfig-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b6a85871a79d2e3b22d2d1b94ac2824226a63c6b741c88f7ae975f18b6778374", size = 5892 },
+        ]
+
         [[package]]
         name = "project"
         version = "0.1.0"
         source = { editable = "." }
         dependencies = [
-            { name = "iniconfig" },
+            { name = "iniconfig", version = "1.1.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.7'" },
+            { name = "iniconfig", version = "2.0.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.7'" },
         ]
 
         [package.metadata]
@@ -4560,7 +4815,166 @@ fn lock_requires_python_unbounded() -> Result<()> {
 
     ----- stderr -----
     warning: The workspace `requires-python` value (`<=3.12`) does not contain a lower bound. Add a lower bound to indicate the minimum compatible Python version (e.g., `>=3.11`).
-    Resolved 2 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn lock_requires_python_maximum_version() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.11");
+
+    let lockfile = context.temp_dir.join("uv.lock");
+
+    let pyproject_toml = context.temp_dir.child("pyproject.toml");
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(
+        r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "project"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.8"
+        dependencies = ["numpy"]
+
+        [build-system]
+        requires = ["setuptools>=42"]
+        build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+        "#,
+    )?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock(), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
+    "###);
+
+    let lock = fs_err::read_to_string(&lockfile).unwrap();
+
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => context.filters(),
+    }, {
+        assert_snapshot!(
+            lock, @r###"
+        version = 1
+        requires-python = ">=3.8"
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version >= '3.9'",
+            "python_full_version < '3.9'",
+        ]
+
+        [options]
+        exclude-newer = "2024-03-25T00:00:00Z"
+
+        [[package]]
+        name = "numpy"
+        version = "1.24.4"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        resolution-markers = [
+            "python_full_version < '3.9'",
+        ]
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+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/54/30/c2a907b9443cf42b90c17ad10c1e8fa801975f01cb9764f3f8eb8aea638b/numpy-1.26.4-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:f870204a840a60da0b12273ef34f7051e98c3b5961b61b0c2c1be6dfd64fbcd3", size = 18249516 },
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/43/12/01a563fc44c07095996d0129b8899daf89e4742146f7044cdbdb3101c57f/numpy-1.26.4-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:679b0076f67ecc0138fd2ede3a8fd196dddc2ad3254069bcb9faf9a79b1cebcd", size = 13882132 },
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/16/ee/9df80b06680aaa23fc6c31211387e0db349e0e36d6a63ba3bd78c5acdf11/numpy-1.26.4-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:47711010ad8555514b434df65f7d7b076bb8261df1ca9bb78f53d3b2db02e95c", size = 18084181 },
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/28/7d/4b92e2fe20b214ffca36107f1a3e75ef4c488430e64de2d9af5db3a4637d/numpy-1.26.4-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:a354325ee03388678242a4d7ebcd08b5c727033fcff3b2f536aea978e15ee9e6", size = 5976360 },
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b5/42/054082bd8220bbf6f297f982f0a8f5479fcbc55c8b511d928df07b965869/numpy-1.26.4-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:3373d5d70a5fe74a2c1bb6d2cfd9609ecf686d47a2d7b1d37a8f3b6bf6003aea", size = 15814633 },
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3f/72/3df6c1c06fc83d9cfe381cccb4be2532bbd38bf93fbc9fad087b6687f1c0/numpy-1.26.4-pp39-pypy39_pp73-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:afedb719a9dcfc7eaf2287b839d8198e06dcd4cb5d276a3df279231138e83d30", size = 20455961 },
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8e/02/570545bac308b58ffb21adda0f4e220ba716fb658a63c151daecc3293350/numpy-1.26.4-pp39-pypy39_pp73-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:95a7476c59002f2f6c590b9b7b998306fba6a5aa646b1e22ddfeaf8f78c3a29c", size = 18061071 },
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f4/5f/fafd8c51235f60d49f7a88e2275e13971e90555b67da52dd6416caec32fe/numpy-1.26.4-pp39-pypy39_pp73-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:7e50d0a0cc3189f9cb0aeb3a6a6af18c16f59f004b866cd2be1c14b36134a4a0", size = 15709730 },
+        ]
+
+        [[package]]
+        name = "project"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        source = { editable = "." }
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "numpy", version = "1.24.4", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+            { name = "numpy", version = "1.26.4", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.9'" },
+        ]
+
+        [package.metadata]
+        requires-dist = [{ name = "numpy" }]
+        "###
+        );
+    });
+
+    // Re-run with `--locked`.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock().arg("--locked"), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
     "###);
 
     Ok(())
@@ -15322,7 +15736,6 @@ fn lock_python_upper_bound() -> Result<()> {
         version = "1.24.4"
         source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
         resolution-markers = [
-            "python_full_version >= '3.13'",
             "python_full_version < '3.9'",
         ]
         sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a4/9b/027bec52c633f6556dba6b722d9a0befb40498b9ceddd29cbe67a45a127c/numpy-1.24.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:80f5e3a4e498641401868df4208b74581206afbee7cf7b8329daae82676d9463", size = 10911229 }
@@ -15409,8 +15822,8 @@ fn lock_python_upper_bound() -> Result<()> {
         dependencies = [
             { name = "coloredlogs" },
             { name = "flatbuffers" },
-            { name = "numpy", version = "1.24.4", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.9' or python_full_version >= '3.13'" },
-            { name = "numpy", version = "1.26.4", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.9' and python_full_version < '3.13'" },
+            { name = "numpy", version = "1.24.4", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+            { name = "numpy", version = "1.26.4", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.9'" },
             { name = "packaging" },
             { name = "protobuf" },
             { name = "sympy" },
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_compile.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_compile.rs
index 7cefebdc76d9..42c09e12f0b0 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_compile.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_compile.rs
@@ -8640,7 +8640,9 @@ fn universal_no_repeated_unconditional_distributions_1() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
     # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
     #    uv pip compile --cache-dir [CACHE_DIR] requirements.in -p 3.8 --universal
-    alabaster==0.7.13
+    alabaster==0.7.13 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via sphinx
+    alabaster==0.7.16 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via sphinx
     astroid==3.1.0
         # via pylint
@@ -8686,19 +8688,31 @@ fn universal_no_repeated_unconditional_distributions_1() -> Result<()> {
         # via sphinx
     snowballstemmer==2.2.0
         # via sphinx
-    sphinx==7.1.2
+    sphinx==7.1.2 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via -r requirements.in
+    sphinx==7.2.6 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via -r requirements.in
-    sphinxcontrib-applehelp==1.0.4
+    sphinxcontrib-applehelp==1.0.4 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via sphinx
+    sphinxcontrib-applehelp==1.0.8 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
+        # via sphinx
+    sphinxcontrib-devhelp==1.0.2 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
         # via sphinx
-    sphinxcontrib-devhelp==1.0.2
+    sphinxcontrib-devhelp==1.0.6 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via sphinx
-    sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==2.0.1
+    sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==2.0.1 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via sphinx
+    sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==2.0.5 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via sphinx
     sphinxcontrib-jsmath==1.0.1
         # via sphinx
-    sphinxcontrib-qthelp==1.0.3
+    sphinxcontrib-qthelp==1.0.3 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via sphinx
+    sphinxcontrib-qthelp==1.0.7 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
+        # via sphinx
+    sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.5 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
         # via sphinx
-    sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.5
+    sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.10 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via sphinx
     tomli==2.0.1 ; python_full_version < '3.11'
         # via pylint
@@ -8715,7 +8729,7 @@ fn universal_no_repeated_unconditional_distributions_1() -> Result<()> {
 
     ----- stderr -----
     warning: The requested Python version 3.8 is not available; 3.12.[X] will be used to build dependencies instead.
-    Resolved 34 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 41 packages in [TIME]
     "###
     );
 
@@ -8921,7 +8935,9 @@ fn universal_marker_propagation() -> Result<()> {
         # via sympy
     networkx==3.2.1
         # via torch
-    numpy==1.26.3
+    numpy==1.26.3 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via torchvision
+    numpy==1.26.4 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via torchvision
     pillow==10.2.0
         # via torchvision
@@ -8953,7 +8969,7 @@ fn universal_marker_propagation() -> Result<()> {
 
     ----- stderr -----
     warning: The requested Python version 3.8 is not available; 3.12.[X] will be used to build dependencies instead.
-    Resolved 23 packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 24 packages in [TIME]
     "###
     );
 
@@ -13319,7 +13335,9 @@ matplotlib
     ----- stdout -----
     # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
     #    uv pip compile --cache-dir [CACHE_DIR] requirements.in --universal -p 3.8
-    contourpy==1.1.1
+    contourpy==1.1.1 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via matplotlib
+    contourpy==1.2.0 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via matplotlib
     coverage==7.4.4
         # via -r requirements.in
@@ -13331,21 +13349,25 @@ matplotlib
         # via matplotlib
     kiwisolver==1.4.5
         # via matplotlib
-    matplotlib==3.7.5
+    matplotlib==3.7.5 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via -r requirements.in
+    matplotlib==3.8.3 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via -r requirements.in
-    numpy==1.24.4 ; python_full_version < '3.12'
+    numpy==1.24.4 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
         # via
         #   contourpy
         #   matplotlib
         #   pandas
-    numpy==1.26.4 ; python_full_version >= '3.12'
+    numpy==1.26.4 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via
         #   contourpy
         #   matplotlib
         #   pandas
     packaging==24.0
         # via matplotlib
-    pandas==2.0.3
+    pandas==2.0.3 ; python_full_version < '3.9'
+        # via -r requirements.in
+    pandas==2.2.1 ; python_full_version >= '3.9'
         # via -r requirements.in
     pillow==10.2.0
         # via matplotlib
@@ -13365,7 +13387,7 @@ matplotlib
         # via importlib-resources
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    Resolved [NUM] packages in [TIME]
+    Resolved 22 packages in [TIME]
     "###);
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-lock-file.snap b/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-lock-file.snap
index 8577bc686437..aea8afcc7589 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-lock-file.snap
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-lock-file.snap
@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@ expression: lock
 version = 1
 requires-python = ">=3.8"
 resolution-markers = [
-    "implementation_name == 'pypy' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
-    "implementation_name != 'pypy' or sys_platform != 'win32'",
+    "python_full_version >= '3.10' and implementation_name == 'pypy' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
+    "python_full_version == '3.9.*' and implementation_name == 'pypy' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
+    "python_full_version < '3.9' and implementation_name == 'pypy' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
+    "(python_full_version >= '3.10' and implementation_name != 'pypy') or (python_full_version >= '3.10' and sys_platform != 'win32')",
+    "(python_full_version == '3.9.*' and implementation_name != 'pypy') or (python_full_version == '3.9.*' and sys_platform != 'win32')",
+    "(python_full_version < '3.9' and implementation_name != 'pypy') or (python_full_version < '3.9' and sys_platform != 'win32')",
 ]
 
 [options]
@@ -195,7 +199,9 @@ d = [
     { name = "aiohttp" },
 ]
 jupyter = [
-    { name = "ipython" },
+    { name = "ipython", version = "8.12.3", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "ipython", version = "8.18.1", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "ipython", version = "8.26.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
     { name = "tokenize-rt" },
 ]
 uvloop = [
@@ -249,6 +255,15 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d5/50/83c593b07763e1161326b3b8c6686f0f4b0f24d5526546bee538c89837d6/decorator-5.1.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b8c3f85900b9dc423225913c5aace94729fe1fa9763b38939a95226f02d37186", size = 9073 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "exceptiongroup"
+version = "1.2.2"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/09/35/2495c4ac46b980e4ca1f6ad6db102322ef3ad2410b79fdde159a4b0f3b92/exceptiongroup-1.2.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:47c2edf7c6738fafb49fd34290706d1a1a2f4d1c6df275526b62cbb4aa5393cc", size = 28883 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/02/cc/b7e31358aac6ed1ef2bb790a9746ac2c69bcb3c8588b41616914eb106eaf/exceptiongroup-1.2.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3111b9d131c238bec2f8f516e123e14ba243563fb135d3fe885990585aa7795b", size = 16453 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "executing"
 version = "2.0.1"
@@ -355,26 +370,82 @@ wheels = [
 name = "ipython"
 version = "8.12.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+resolution-markers = [
+    "python_full_version < '3.9' and implementation_name == 'pypy' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
+    "(python_full_version < '3.9' and implementation_name != 'pypy') or (python_full_version < '3.9' and sys_platform != 'win32')",
+]
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "appnope", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
-    { name = "backcall" },
-    { name = "colorama", marker = "sys_platform == 'win32'" },
-    { name = "decorator" },
-    { name = "jedi" },
-    { name = "matplotlib-inline" },
-    { name = "pexpect", marker = "sys_platform != 'win32'" },
-    { name = "pickleshare" },
-    { name = "prompt-toolkit" },
-    { name = "pygments" },
-    { name = "stack-data" },
-    { name = "traitlets" },
-    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.10'" },
+    { name = "appnope", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9' and sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
+    { name = "backcall", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "colorama", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9' and sys_platform == 'win32'" },
+    { name = "decorator", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "jedi", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "matplotlib-inline", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "pexpect", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "pickleshare", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "prompt-toolkit", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "pygments", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "stack-data", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "traitlets", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.9'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9e/6a/44ef299b1762f5a73841e87fae8a73a8cc8aee538d6dc8c77a5afe1fd2ce/ipython-8.12.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3910c4b54543c2ad73d06579aa771041b7d5707b033bd488669b4cf544e3b363", size = 5470171 }
 wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8d/97/8fe103906cd81bc42d3b0175b5534a9f67dccae47d6451131cf8d0d70bb2/ipython-8.12.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b0340d46a933d27c657b211a329d0be23793c36595acf9e6ef4164bc01a1804c", size = 798307 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ipython"
+version = "8.18.1"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+resolution-markers = [
+    "python_full_version == '3.9.*' and implementation_name == 'pypy' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
+    "(python_full_version == '3.9.*' and implementation_name != 'pypy') or (python_full_version == '3.9.*' and sys_platform != 'win32')",
+]
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "colorama", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*' and sys_platform == 'win32'" },
+    { name = "decorator", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "jedi", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "matplotlib-inline", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "pexpect", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "prompt-toolkit", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "pygments", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "stack-data", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "traitlets", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version == '3.9.*'" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b1/b9/3ba6c45a6df813c09a48bac313c22ff83efa26cbb55011218d925a46e2ad/ipython-8.18.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca6f079bb33457c66e233e4580ebfc4128855b4cf6370dddd73842a9563e8a27", size = 5486330 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/47/6b/d9fdcdef2eb6a23f391251fde8781c38d42acd82abe84d054cb74f7863b0/ipython-8.18.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e8267419d72d81955ec1177f8a29aaa90ac80ad647499201119e2f05e99aa397", size = 808161 },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ipython"
+version = "8.26.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+resolution-markers = [
+    "python_full_version >= '3.10' and implementation_name == 'pypy' and sys_platform == 'win32'",
+    "(python_full_version >= '3.10' and implementation_name != 'pypy') or (python_full_version >= '3.10' and sys_platform != 'win32')",
+]
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "colorama", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10' and sys_platform == 'win32'" },
+    { name = "decorator", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+    { name = "exceptiongroup", marker = "python_full_version == '3.10.*'" },
+    { name = "jedi", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+    { name = "matplotlib-inline", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+    { name = "pexpect", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10' and sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "prompt-toolkit", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+    { name = "pygments", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+    { name = "stack-data", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+    { name = "traitlets", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10' and python_full_version < '3.12'" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/f4/dc45805e5c3e327a626139c023b296bafa4537e602a61055d377704ca54c/ipython-8.26.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1cec0fbba8404af13facebe83d04436a7434c7400e59f47acf467c64abd0956c", size = 5493422 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/48/4d2818054671bb272d1b12ca65748a4145dc602a463683b5c21b260becee/ipython-8.26.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e6b347c27bdf9c32ee9d31ae85defc525755a1869f14057e900675b9e8d6e6ff", size = 817939 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "jedi"
 version = "0.19.1"
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-uv-lock-output.snap b/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-uv-lock-output.snap
index 606d26a1743a..205dfec90435 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-uv-lock-output.snap
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/snapshots/it__ecosystem__black-uv-lock-output.snap
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-source: crates/uv/tests/ecosystem.rs
+source: crates/uv/tests/it/ecosystem.rs
 expression: snapshot
 ---
 success: true
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ exit_code: 0
 ----- stdout -----
 
 ----- stderr -----
-Resolved 39 packages in [TIME]
+Resolved 42 packages in [TIME]