diff --git a/audeer/core/io.py b/audeer/core/io.py
index 5d93777..0cbb6c7 100644
--- a/audeer/core/io.py
+++ b/audeer/core/io.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def create_archive(
     *,
     verbose: bool = False,
 ):
-    r"""Create ZIP or TAR.GZ archive.
+    r"""Create ZIP or TAR archive.
 
     If a list with ``files`` is provided,
     only those files will be included to the archive.
@@ -129,8 +129,9 @@ def create_archive(
     Raises:
         FileNotFoundError: if ``root`` or a file in ``files`` is not found
         NotADirectoryError: if ``root`` is not a directory
-        RuntimeError: if archive does not end with ``zip`` or ``tar.gz``
-            or a file in ``files`` is not below ``root``
+        RuntimeError: if archive does not end with ``zip``,
+            ``tar``, ``tar.gz``, ``tar.bz2``, ``tar.xz``
+        RuntimeError: if a file in ``files`` is not below ``root``
 
     Examples:
         >>> file_a = audeer.touch("a.txt")
@@ -211,21 +212,31 @@ def create_archive(
     )
     disable = not verbose
 
-    if archive.endswith("zip"):
-        with zipfile.ZipFile(archive, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
-            for file in progress_bar(files, desc=desc, disable=disable):
-                full_file = safe_path(root, file)
-                zf.write(full_file, arcname=file)
-    elif archive.endswith("tar.gz"):
-        with tarfile.open(archive, "w:gz") as tf:
-            for file in progress_bar(files, desc=desc, disable=disable):
-                full_file = safe_path(root, file)
-                tf.add(full_file, file)
-    else:
+    archive_handlers = {
+        "zip": lambda path: zipfile.ZipFile(path, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED),
+        "tar": lambda path: tarfile.open(path, "w:"),
+        "tar.gz": lambda path: tarfile.open(path, "w:gz"),
+        "tar.bz2": lambda path: tarfile.open(path, "w:bz2"),
+        "tar.xz": lambda path: tarfile.open(path, "w:xz"),
+    }
+
+    # Get the archive extension
+    extension = next((ext for ext in archive_handlers if archive.endswith(ext)), None)
+    if extension is None:
+        supported = ", ".join(archive_handlers.keys())
         raise RuntimeError(
-            f"You can only create a ZIP or TAR.GZ archive, " f"not {archive}"
+            f"Unsupported archive format. Supported formats: {supported}"
         )
 
+    # Create and populate the archive
+    with archive_handlers[extension](archive) as archive_file:
+        for file in progress_bar(files, desc=desc, disable=disable):
+            full_file = safe_path(root, file)
+            if extension == "zip":
+                archive_file.write(full_file, arcname=file)
+            else:
+                archive_file.add(full_file, file)
+
 
 def download_url(
     url: str,
@@ -282,10 +293,10 @@ def extract_archive(
     keep_archive: bool = True,
     verbose: bool = False,
 ) -> typing.List[str]:
-    r"""Extract ZIP or TAR.GZ file.
+    r"""Extract ZIP or TAR file.
 
     Args:
-        archive: path to ZIP or TAR.GZ file
+        archive: path to ZIP or TAR file
         destination: folder where the files will be extracted.
             If the folder does not exists,
             it will be created
@@ -300,7 +311,7 @@ def extract_archive(
         FileNotFoundError: if ``archive`` is not found
         IsADirectoryError: if ``archive`` is a directory
         NotADirectoryError: if ``destination`` is not a directory
-        RuntimeError: if ``archive`` is not a ZIP or TAR.GZ file
+        RuntimeError: if ``archive`` is not a ZIP or TAR file
         RuntimeError: if ``archive`` is malformed
 
     Examples:
@@ -351,39 +362,35 @@ def extract_archive(
     )
     disable = not verbose
 
+    def extract_zip(archive: str) -> list:
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(archive, "r") as zf:
+            members = zf.infolist()
+            for member in progress_bar(members, desc=desc, disable=disable):
+                zf.extract(member, destination)
+            return [m.filename for m in members]
+
+    def extract_tar(archive: str) -> list:
+        with tarfile.open(archive, "r") as tf:
+            members = tf.getmembers()
+            for member in progress_bar(members, desc=desc, disable=disable):
+                # In Python 3.12 the `filter` argument was introduced,
+                # and it will be set automatically in Python 3.14,
+                # see
+                # https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/tarfile.html#tarfile-extraction-filter
+                # noqa: E501
+                kwargs = {"numeric_owner": True}
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # pragma: no cover
+                    kwargs = kwargs | {"filter": "tar"}
+                tf.extract(member, destination, **kwargs)
+            return [m.name for m in members]
+
     try:
         if archive.endswith("zip"):
-            with zipfile.ZipFile(archive, "r") as zf:
-                members = zf.infolist()
-                for member in progress_bar(
-                    members,
-                    desc=desc,
-                    disable=disable,
-                ):
-                    zf.extract(member, destination)
-                files = [m.filename for m in members]
-        elif archive.endswith("tar.gz"):
-            with tarfile.open(archive, "r") as tf:
-                members = tf.getmembers()
-                for member in progress_bar(
-                    members,
-                    desc=desc,
-                    disable=disable,
-                ):
-                    # In Python 3.12 the `filter` argument was introduced,
-                    # and it will be set automatically in Python 3.14,
-                    # see
-                    # https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/tarfile.html#tarfile-extraction-filter
-                    # noqa: E501
-                    kwargs = {"numeric_owner": True}
-                    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # pragma: no cover
-                        kwargs = kwargs | {"filter": "tar"}
-                    tf.extract(member, destination, **kwargs)
-                files = [m.name for m in members]
+            files = extract_zip(archive)
+        elif tarfile.is_tarfile(archive):
+            files = extract_tar(archive)
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"You can only extract ZIP and TAR.GZ files, " f"not {archive}"
-            )
+            raise RuntimeError(f"You can only extract ZIP and TAR files, not {archive}")
     except (EOFError, zipfile.BadZipFile, tarfile.ReadError):
         raise RuntimeError(f"Broken archive: {archive}")
     except (KeyboardInterrupt, Exception):  # pragma: no cover
@@ -410,10 +417,10 @@ def extract_archives(
     keep_archive: bool = True,
     verbose: bool = False,
 ) -> typing.List[str]:
-    r"""Extract multiple ZIP or TAR.GZ archives at once.
+    r"""Extract multiple ZIP or TAR archives at once.
 
     Args:
-        archives: paths of ZIP or TAR.GZ files
+        archives: paths of ZIP or TAR files
         destination: folder where the files will be extracted.
             If the folder does not exists,
             it will be created
@@ -428,7 +435,7 @@ def extract_archives(
         FileNotFoundError: if an archive is not found
         IsADirectoryError: if an archive is a directory
         NotADirectoryError: if ``destination`` is not a directory
-        RuntimeError: if an archive is not a ZIP or TAR.GZ file
+        RuntimeError: if an archive is not a ZIP or TAR file
         RuntimeError: if an archive file is malformed
 
     Examples:
diff --git a/tests/test_io.py b/tests/test_io.py
index 4f80503..1ee22d1 100644
--- a/tests/test_io.py
+++ b/tests/test_io.py
@@ -116,6 +116,15 @@ def tree(tmpdir, request):
             ".",
             [".hidden", "file.txt", "sub/a/b/file.txt"],
         ),
+        (  # tar
+            ["file.txt", "sub/a/b/file.txt"],
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+            "archive.tar",
+            "archive.tar",
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+        ),
         (  # tar.gz
             ["file.txt", "sub/a/b/file.txt"],
             ".",
@@ -125,6 +134,24 @@ def tree(tmpdir, request):
             ".",
             ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
         ),
+        (  # tar.bz2
+            ["file.txt", "sub/a/b/file.txt"],
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+            "archive.tar.bz2",
+            "archive.tar.bz2",
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+        ),
+        (  # tar.xz
+            ["file.txt", "sub/a/b/file.txt"],
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+            "archive.tar.xz",
+            "archive.tar.xz",
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+        ),
         (  # root is sub folder
             ["sub/file.txt"],
             "./sub",
@@ -251,6 +278,26 @@ def tree(tmpdir, request):
             None,
             marks=pytest.mark.xfail(raises=RuntimeError),
         ),
+        pytest.param(  # invalid .rar format
+            ["file.txt", "sub/a/b/file.txt"],
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+            "archive.rar",
+            "archive.rar",
+            ".",
+            None,
+            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(raises=RuntimeError),
+        ),
+        pytest.param(  # invalid .7z format
+            ["file.txt", "sub/a/b/file.txt"],
+            ".",
+            ["sub/a/b/file.txt", "file.txt"],
+            "archive.7z",
+            "archive.7z",
+            ".",
+            None,
+            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(raises=RuntimeError),
+        ),
         pytest.param(  # broken archive
             ["archive.zip"],
             ".",