diff --git a/packages/aws-amplify/package.json b/packages/aws-amplify/package.json
index ef74d972717..b4f4be3f1b7 100644
--- a/packages/aws-amplify/package.json
+++ b/packages/aws-amplify/package.json
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@
 			"name": "[Storage] downloadData (S3)",
 			"path": "./dist/esm/storage/index.mjs",
 			"import": "{ downloadData }",
-			"limit": "14.00 kB"
+			"limit": "14.10 kB"
 		},
 		{
 			"name": "[Storage] getProperties (S3)",
diff --git a/packages/storage/__tests__/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.test.ts b/packages/storage/__tests__/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.test.ts
index 62f1704398b..88e9cb21eb7 100644
--- a/packages/storage/__tests__/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.test.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/__tests__/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.test.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,18 @@ import { AWSCredentials } from '@aws-amplify/core/internals/utils';
 import { Amplify } from '@aws-amplify/core';
 import { getObject } from '../../../../src/providers/s3/utils/client';
 import { downloadData } from '../../../../src/providers/s3';
-import { createDownloadTask } from '../../../../src/providers/s3/utils';
-import { DownloadDataOptions } from '../../../../src/providers/s3/types';
+import {
+	createDownloadTask,
+	validateStorageOperationInput,
+} from '../../../../src/providers/s3/utils';
+import {
+	DownloadDataOptionsKey,
+	DownloadDataOptionsPath,
+} from '../../../../src/providers/s3/types';
+import {
+	STORAGE_INPUT_KEY,
+	STORAGE_INPUT_PATH,
+} from '../../../../src/providers/s3/utils/constants';
 
 jest.mock('../../../../src/providers/s3/utils/client');
 jest.mock('../../../../src/providers/s3/utils');
@@ -34,9 +44,10 @@ const defaultIdentityId = 'defaultIdentityId';
 
 const mockFetchAuthSession = Amplify.Auth.fetchAuthSession as jest.Mock;
 const mockCreateDownloadTask = createDownloadTask as jest.Mock;
+const mockValidateStorageInput = validateStorageOperationInput as jest.Mock;
 const mockGetConfig = Amplify.getConfig as jest.Mock;
 
-describe('downloadData', () => {
+describe('downloadData with key', () => {
 	beforeAll(() => {
 		mockFetchAuthSession.mockResolvedValue({
 			credentials,
@@ -52,16 +63,20 @@ describe('downloadData', () => {
 		});
 	});
 	mockCreateDownloadTask.mockReturnValue('downloadTask');
+	mockValidateStorageInput.mockReturnValue({
+		inputType: STORAGE_INPUT_KEY,
+		objectKey: key,
+	});
 
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		jest.clearAllMocks();
 	});
 
-	it('should return a download task', async () => {
+	it('should return a download task with key', async () => {
 		expect(downloadData({ key: 'key' })).toBe('downloadTask');
 	});
 
-	[
+	test.each([
 		{
 			expectedKey: `public/${key}`,
 		},
@@ -81,14 +96,9 @@ describe('downloadData', () => {
 			options: { accessLevel: 'protected', targetIdentityId },
 			expectedKey: `protected/${targetIdentityId}/${key}`,
 		},
-	].forEach(({ options, expectedKey }) => {
-		const accessLevelMsg = options?.accessLevel ?? 'default';
-		const targetIdentityIdMsg = options?.targetIdentityId
-			? `and targetIdentityId`
-			: '';
-
-		it(`should supply the correct parameters to getObject API handler with ${accessLevelMsg} accessLevel ${targetIdentityIdMsg}`, async () => {
-			expect.assertions(2);
+	])(
+		'should supply the correct parameters to getObject API handler with $expectedKey accessLevel',
+		async ({ options, expectedKey }) => {
 			(getObject as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValueOnce({ Body: 'body' });
 			const onProgress = jest.fn();
 			downloadData({
@@ -97,7 +107,7 @@ describe('downloadData', () => {
 					...options,
 					useAccelerateEndpoint: true,
 					onProgress,
-				} as DownloadDataOptions,
+				} as DownloadDataOptionsKey,
 			});
 			const job = mockCreateDownloadTask.mock.calls[0][0].job;
 			await job();
@@ -116,11 +126,10 @@ describe('downloadData', () => {
 					Key: expectedKey,
 				},
 			);
-		});
-	});
+		},
+	);
 
-	it('should assign the getObject API handler response to the result', async () => {
-		expect.assertions(2);
+	it('should assign the getObject API handler response to the result with key', async () => {
 		const lastModified = 'lastModified';
 		const contentLength = 'contentLength';
 		const eTag = 'eTag';
@@ -177,3 +186,131 @@ describe('downloadData', () => {
 		);
 	});
 });
+
+describe('downloadData with path', () => {
+	beforeAll(() => {
+		mockFetchAuthSession.mockResolvedValue({
+			credentials,
+			identityId: defaultIdentityId,
+		});
+		mockGetConfig.mockReturnValue({
+			Storage: {
+				S3: {
+					bucket,
+					region,
+				},
+			},
+		});
+		mockCreateDownloadTask.mockReturnValue('downloadTask');
+		mockValidateStorageInput.mockReturnValue({
+			inputType: STORAGE_INPUT_PATH,
+			objectKey: 'path',
+		});
+	});
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it('should return a download task with path', async () => {
+		expect(downloadData({ path: 'path' })).toBe('downloadTask');
+	});
+
+	test.each([
+		{
+			path: 'path',
+			expectedKey: 'path',
+		},
+		{
+			path: () => 'path',
+			expectedKey: 'path',
+		},
+	])(
+		'should call getObject API with $expectedKey when path provided is $path',
+		async ({ path, expectedKey }) => {
+			(getObject as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValueOnce({ Body: 'body' });
+			const onProgress = jest.fn();
+			downloadData({
+				path: path,
+				options: {
+					useAccelerateEndpoint: true,
+					onProgress,
+				} as DownloadDataOptionsPath,
+			});
+			const job = mockCreateDownloadTask.mock.calls[0][0].job;
+			await job();
+			expect(getObject).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(getObject).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				{
+					credentials,
+					region,
+					useAccelerateEndpoint: true,
+					onDownloadProgress: onProgress,
+					abortSignal: expect.any(AbortSignal),
+					userAgentValue: expect.any(String),
+				},
+				{
+					Bucket: bucket,
+					Key: expectedKey,
+				},
+			);
+		},
+	);
+
+	it('should assign the getObject API handler response to the result with path', async () => {
+		const lastModified = 'lastModified';
+		const contentLength = 'contentLength';
+		const eTag = 'eTag';
+		const metadata = 'metadata';
+		const versionId = 'versionId';
+		const contentType = 'contentType';
+		const body = 'body';
+		const path = 'path';
+		(getObject as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValueOnce({
+			Body: body,
+			LastModified: lastModified,
+			ContentLength: contentLength,
+			ETag: eTag,
+			Metadata: metadata,
+			VersionId: versionId,
+			ContentType: contentType,
+		});
+		downloadData({ path });
+		const job = mockCreateDownloadTask.mock.calls[0][0].job;
+		const result = await job();
+		expect(getObject).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(result).toEqual({
+			path,
+			body,
+			lastModified,
+			size: contentLength,
+			eTag,
+			metadata,
+			versionId,
+			contentType,
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('should forward the bytes range option to the getObject API', async () => {
+		const start = 1;
+		const end = 100;
+		(getObject as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValueOnce({ Body: 'body' });
+
+		downloadData({
+			path: 'mockPath',
+			options: {
+				bytesRange: { start, end },
+			},
+		});
+
+		const job = mockCreateDownloadTask.mock.calls[0][0].job;
+		await job();
+
+		expect(getObject).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			expect.anything(),
+			expect.objectContaining({
+				Range: `bytes=${start}-${end}`,
+			}),
+		);
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/storage/__tests__/providers/s3/apis/utils/validateStorageOperationInput.test.ts b/packages/storage/__tests__/providers/s3/apis/utils/validateStorageOperationInput.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83388bd3457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/storage/__tests__/providers/s3/apis/utils/validateStorageOperationInput.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+import {
+	StorageValidationErrorCode,
+	validationErrorMap,
+} from '../../../../../src/errors/types/validation';
+import { validateStorageOperationInput } from '../../../../../src/providers/s3/utils';
+import {
+	STORAGE_INPUT_KEY,
+	STORAGE_INPUT_PATH,
+} from '../../../../../src/providers/s3/utils/constants';
+
+describe('validateStorageOperationInput', () => {
+	it('should return inputType as STORAGE_INPUT_PATH and objectKey as testPath when input is path as string', () => {
+		const input = { path: 'testPath' };
+		const result = validateStorageOperationInput(input);
+		expect(result).toEqual({
+			inputType: STORAGE_INPUT_PATH,
+			objectKey: 'testPath',
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('should return inputType as STORAGE_INPUT_PATH and objectKey as result of path function when input is path as function', () => {
+		const input = {
+			path: ({ identityId }: { identityId?: string }) =>
+				`testPath/${identityId}`,
+		};
+		const result = validateStorageOperationInput(input, '123');
+		expect(result).toEqual({
+			inputType: STORAGE_INPUT_PATH,
+			objectKey: 'testPath/123',
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('should return inputType as STORAGE_INPUT_KEY and objectKey as testKey when input is key', () => {
+		const input = { key: 'testKey' };
+		const result = validateStorageOperationInput(input);
+		expect(result).toEqual({
+			inputType: STORAGE_INPUT_KEY,
+			objectKey: 'testKey',
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('should throw an error when input is invalid', () => {
+		const input = { invalid: 'test' } as any;
+		expect(() => validateStorageOperationInput(input)).toThrow(
+			validationErrorMap[
+				StorageValidationErrorCode.InvalidStorageOperationInput
+			].message,
+		);
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/errors/types/validation.ts b/packages/storage/src/errors/types/validation.ts
index f596b8d8e25..d63e3d21b34 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/errors/types/validation.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/errors/types/validation.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ export enum StorageValidationErrorCode {
 	UrlExpirationMaxLimitExceed = 'UrlExpirationMaxLimitExceed',
 	ObjectIsTooLarge = 'ObjectIsTooLarge',
 	InvalidUploadSource = 'InvalidUploadSource',
+	InvalidStorageOperationInput = 'InvalidStorageOperationInput',
 }
 
 export const validationErrorMap: AmplifyErrorMap<StorageValidationErrorCode> = {
@@ -49,4 +50,7 @@ export const validationErrorMap: AmplifyErrorMap<StorageValidationErrorCode> = {
 		message:
 			'Upload source type can only be a `Blob`, `File`, `ArrayBuffer`, or `string`.',
 	},
+	[StorageValidationErrorCode.InvalidStorageOperationInput]: {
+		message: 'Missing path or key parameter in Input',
+	},
 };
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.ts
index b10fc35d8ea..68f335d0843 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/downloadData.ts
@@ -4,45 +4,93 @@
 import { Amplify } from '@aws-amplify/core';
 import { StorageAction } from '@aws-amplify/core/internals/utils';
 
-import { DownloadDataInput, DownloadDataOutput, S3Exception } from '../types';
+import {
+	DownloadDataInput,
+	DownloadDataInputKey,
+	DownloadDataInputPath,
+	DownloadDataOutput,
+	DownloadDataOutputKey,
+	DownloadDataOutputPath,
+} from '../types';
 import { resolveS3ConfigAndInput } from '../utils/resolveS3ConfigAndInput';
-import { StorageValidationErrorCode } from '../../../errors/types/validation';
-import { createDownloadTask } from '../utils';
+import { createDownloadTask, validateStorageOperationInput } from '../utils';
 import { getObject } from '../utils/client';
 import { getStorageUserAgentValue } from '../utils/userAgent';
 import { logger } from '../../../utils';
+import {
+	StorageDownloadDataOutput,
+	StorageItemKey,
+	StorageItemPath,
+} from '../../../types';
+import { STORAGE_INPUT_KEY } from '../utils/constants';
 
-/**
- * Download S3 object data to memory
- *
- * @param input - The DownloadDataInput object.
- * @returns A cancelable task exposing result promise from `result` property.
- * @throws service: {@link S3Exception} - thrown when checking for existence of the object
- * @throws validation: {@link StorageValidationErrorCode } - Validation errors
- *
- * @example
- * ```ts
- * // Download a file from s3 bucket
- * const { body, eTag } = await downloadData({ key, data: file, options: {
- *   onProgress, // Optional progress callback.
- * } }).result;
- * ```
- * @example
- * ```ts
- * // Cancel a task
- * const downloadTask = downloadData({ key, data: file });
- * //...
- * downloadTask.cancel();
- * try {
- * 	await downloadTask.result;
- * } catch (error) {
- * 	if(isCancelError(error)) {
- *    // Handle error thrown by task cancelation.
- * 	}
- * }
- *```
- */
-export const downloadData = (input: DownloadDataInput): DownloadDataOutput => {
+interface DownloadData {
+	/**
+	 * Download S3 object data to memory
+	 *
+	 * @param input - The DownloadDataInputPath object.
+	 * @returns A cancelable task exposing result promise from `result` property.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 * ```ts
+	 * // Download a file from s3 bucket
+	 * const { body, eTag } = await downloadData({ path, options: {
+	 *   onProgress, // Optional progress callback.
+	 * } }).result;
+	 * ```
+	 * @example
+	 * ```ts
+	 * // Cancel a task
+	 * const downloadTask = downloadData({ path });
+	 * //...
+	 * downloadTask.cancel();
+	 * try {
+	 * 	await downloadTask.result;
+	 * } catch (error) {
+	 * 	if(isCancelError(error)) {
+	 *    // Handle error thrown by task cancelation.
+	 * 	}
+	 * }
+	 *```
+	 */
+	(input: DownloadDataInputPath): DownloadDataOutputPath;
+	/**
+	 * @deprecated The `key` and `accessLevel` parameters are deprecated and will be removed in next major version.
+	 * Please use {@link https://docs.amplify.aws/react/build-a-backend/storage/download/#downloaddata | path} instead.
+	 *
+	 * Download S3 object data to memory
+	 *
+	 * @param input - The DownloadDataInputKey object.
+	 * @returns A cancelable task exposing result promise from `result` property.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 * ```ts
+	 * // Download a file from s3 bucket
+	 * const { body, eTag } = await downloadData({ key, options: {
+	 *   onProgress, // Optional progress callback.
+	 * } }).result;
+	 * ```
+	 * @example
+	 * ```ts
+	 * // Cancel a task
+	 * const downloadTask = downloadData({ key });
+	 * //...
+	 * downloadTask.cancel();
+	 * try {
+	 * 	await downloadTask.result;
+	 * } catch (error) {
+	 * 	if(isCancelError(error)) {
+	 *    // Handle error thrown by task cancelation.
+	 * 	}
+	 * }
+	 *```
+	 */
+	(input: DownloadDataInputKey): DownloadDataOutputKey;
+}
+
+export const downloadData: DownloadData = <Output extends DownloadDataOutput>(
+	input: DownloadDataInput,
+): Output => {
 	const abortController = new AbortController();
 
 	const downloadTask = createDownloadTask({
@@ -52,22 +100,25 @@ export const downloadData = (input: DownloadDataInput): DownloadDataOutput => {
 		},
 	});
 
-	return downloadTask;
+	return downloadTask as Output;
 };
 
 const downloadDataJob =
-	(
-		{ options: downloadDataOptions, key }: DownloadDataInput,
-		abortSignal: AbortSignal,
-	) =>
-	async () => {
-		const { bucket, keyPrefix, s3Config } = await resolveS3ConfigAndInput(
-			Amplify,
-			downloadDataOptions,
+	(downloadDataInput: DownloadDataInput, abortSignal: AbortSignal) =>
+	async (): Promise<
+		StorageDownloadDataOutput<StorageItemKey | StorageItemPath>
+	> => {
+		const { options: downloadDataOptions } = downloadDataInput;
+		const { bucket, keyPrefix, s3Config, identityId } =
+			await resolveS3ConfigAndInput(Amplify, downloadDataOptions);
+		const { inputType, objectKey } = validateStorageOperationInput(
+			downloadDataInput,
+			identityId,
 		);
-		const finalKey = keyPrefix + key;
+		const finalKey =
+			inputType === STORAGE_INPUT_KEY ? keyPrefix + objectKey : objectKey;
 
-		logger.debug(`download ${key} from ${finalKey}.`);
+		logger.debug(`download ${objectKey} from ${finalKey}.`);
 
 		const {
 			Body: body,
@@ -93,8 +144,7 @@ const downloadDataJob =
 			},
 		);
 
-		return {
-			key,
+		const result = {
 			body,
 			lastModified,
 			size,
@@ -103,4 +153,8 @@ const downloadDataJob =
 			metadata,
 			versionId,
 		};
+
+		return inputType === STORAGE_INPUT_KEY
+			? { key: objectKey, ...result }
+			: { path: finalKey, ...result };
 	};
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/multipart/uploadHandlers.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/multipart/uploadHandlers.ts
index 587ee33c434..7aa62f08390 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/multipart/uploadHandlers.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/multipart/uploadHandlers.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { StorageAction } from '@aws-amplify/core/internals/utils';
 
 import { UploadDataInput } from '../../../types';
 import { resolveS3ConfigAndInput } from '../../../utils';
-import { Item as S3Item } from '../../../types/outputs';
+import { ItemKey as S3Item } from '../../../types/outputs';
 import {
 	DEFAULT_ACCESS_LEVEL,
 	DEFAULT_QUEUE_SIZE,
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/putObjectJob.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/putObjectJob.ts
index 5d1a40786ad..30819b854d8 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/putObjectJob.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/apis/uploadData/putObjectJob.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { StorageAction } from '@aws-amplify/core/internals/utils';
 
 import { UploadDataInput } from '../../types';
 import { calculateContentMd5, resolveS3ConfigAndInput } from '../../utils';
-import { Item as S3Item } from '../../types/outputs';
+import { ItemKey as S3Item } from '../../types/outputs';
 import { putObject } from '../../utils/client';
 import { getStorageUserAgentValue } from '../../utils/userAgent';
 
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/index.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/index.ts
index 4366ee48383..773dde39361 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/index.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/index.ts
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ export {
 	ListAllOptions,
 	ListPaginateOptions,
 	RemoveOptions,
-	DownloadDataOptions,
+	DownloadDataOptionsPath,
+	DownloadDataOptionsKey,
 	CopyDestinationOptions,
 	CopySourceOptions,
 } from './options';
 export {
 	DownloadDataOutput,
+	DownloadDataOutputKey,
+	DownloadDataOutputPath,
 	GetUrlOutput,
 	UploadDataOutput,
 	ListOutputItem,
@@ -31,6 +34,8 @@ export {
 	ListPaginateInput,
 	RemoveInput,
 	DownloadDataInput,
+	DownloadDataInputKey,
+	DownloadDataInputPath,
 	UploadDataInput,
 } from './inputs';
 export { S3Exception } from './errors';
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/inputs.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/inputs.ts
index 9a360d0bfe3..3ec41b7d47a 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/inputs.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/inputs.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+import { StrictUnion } from '@aws-amplify/core/internals/utils';
+
 import {
 	StorageCopyInput,
-	StorageDownloadDataInput,
+	StorageDownloadDataInputKey,
+	StorageDownloadDataInputPath,
 	StorageGetPropertiesInput,
 	StorageGetUrlInput,
 	StorageListInput,
@@ -13,7 +16,8 @@ import {
 import {
 	CopyDestinationOptions,
 	CopySourceOptions,
-	DownloadDataOptions,
+	DownloadDataOptionsKey,
+	DownloadDataOptionsPath,
 	GetPropertiesOptions,
 	GetUrlOptions,
 	ListAllOptions,
@@ -60,7 +64,15 @@ export type RemoveInput = StorageRemoveInput<RemoveOptions>;
 /**
  * Input type for S3 downloadData API.
  */
-export type DownloadDataInput = StorageDownloadDataInput<DownloadDataOptions>;
+export type DownloadDataInput = StrictUnion<
+	DownloadDataInputKey | DownloadDataInputPath
+>;
+
+/** @deprecated Use {@link DownloadDataInputPath} instead. */
+export type DownloadDataInputKey =
+	StorageDownloadDataInputKey<DownloadDataOptionsKey>;
+export type DownloadDataInputPath =
+	StorageDownloadDataInputPath<DownloadDataOptionsPath>;
 
 /**
  * Input type for S3 uploadData API.
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/options.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/options.ts
index dad92d72f1b..93f83eebea4 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/options.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/options.ts
@@ -18,11 +18,14 @@ interface CommonOptions {
 	useAccelerateEndpoint?: boolean;
 }
 
+/** @deprecated This will be removed in next major version. */
 type ReadOptions =
 	| { accessLevel?: 'guest' | 'private' }
 	| { accessLevel: 'protected'; targetIdentityId?: string };
 
+/** @deprecated This will be removed in next major version. */
 interface WriteOptions {
+	/** @deprecated This will be removed in next major version. */
 	accessLevel?: StorageAccessLevel;
 }
 
@@ -87,11 +90,14 @@ export type GetUrlOptions = ReadOptions &
 /**
  * Input options type for S3 downloadData API.
  */
-export type DownloadDataOptions = ReadOptions &
-	CommonOptions &
+export type DownloadDataOptions = CommonOptions &
 	TransferOptions &
 	BytesRangeOptions;
 
+/** @deprecated Use {@link DownloadDataOptionsPath} instead. */
+export type DownloadDataOptionsKey = ReadOptions & DownloadDataOptions;
+export type DownloadDataOptionsPath = DownloadDataOptions;
+
 export type UploadDataOptions = WriteOptions &
 	CommonOptions &
 	TransferOptions & {
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/outputs.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/outputs.ts
index bbcb9fc75b1..35b6784af93 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/outputs.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/types/outputs.ts
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@ import {
 	DownloadTask,
 	StorageDownloadDataOutput,
 	StorageGetUrlOutput,
-	StorageItem,
+	StorageItemKey,
+	StorageItemPath,
 	StorageListOutput,
 	UploadTask,
 } from '../../../types';
 
 /**
- * type for S3 item.
+ * Base type for an S3 item.
  */
-export interface Item extends StorageItem {
+export interface ItemBase {
 	/**
 	 * VersionId used to reference a specific version of the object.
 	 */
@@ -24,15 +25,29 @@ export interface Item extends StorageItem {
 	contentType?: string;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @deprecated Use {@link ItemPath} instead.
+ */
+export type ItemKey = ItemBase & StorageItemKey;
+export type ItemPath = ItemBase & StorageItemPath;
+
 /**
  * type for S3 list item.
  */
-export type ListOutputItem = Omit<StorageItem, 'metadata'>;
+export type ListOutputItem = Omit<ItemKey, 'metadata'>;
+
+/** @deprecated Use {@link DownloadDataOutputPath} instead. */
+export type DownloadDataOutputKey = DownloadTask<
+	StorageDownloadDataOutput<ItemKey>
+>;
+export type DownloadDataOutputPath = DownloadTask<
+	StorageDownloadDataOutput<ItemPath>
+>;
 
 /**
  * Output type for S3 downloadData API.
  */
-export type DownloadDataOutput = DownloadTask<StorageDownloadDataOutput<Item>>;
+export type DownloadDataOutput = DownloadDataOutputKey | DownloadDataOutputPath;
 
 /**
  * Output type for S3 getUrl API.
@@ -42,12 +57,12 @@ export type GetUrlOutput = StorageGetUrlOutput;
 /**
  * Output type for S3 uploadData API.
  */
-export type UploadDataOutput = UploadTask<Item>;
+export type UploadDataOutput = UploadTask<ItemKey>;
 
 /**
  * Output type for S3 getProperties API.
  */
-export type GetPropertiesOutput = Item;
+export type GetPropertiesOutput = ItemKey;
 
 /**
  * Output type for S3 list API. Lists all bucket objects.
@@ -64,9 +79,9 @@ export type ListPaginateOutput = StorageListOutput<ListOutputItem> & {
 /**
  * Output type for S3 copy API.
  */
-export type CopyOutput = Pick<Item, 'key'>;
+export type CopyOutput = Pick<ItemKey, 'key'>;
 
 /**
  * Output type for S3 remove API.
  */
-export type RemoveOutput = Pick<Item, 'key'>;
+export type RemoveOutput = Pick<ItemKey, 'key'>;
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/constants.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/constants.ts
index 9e48b80047f..0aa063cef4d 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/constants.ts
@@ -19,3 +19,6 @@ export const MAX_PARTS_COUNT = 10000;
 export const DEFAULT_QUEUE_SIZE = 4;
 
 export const UPLOADS_STORAGE_KEY = '__uploadInProgress';
+
+export const STORAGE_INPUT_KEY = 'key';
+export const STORAGE_INPUT_PATH = 'path';
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/index.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/index.ts
index fe8ee9db247..a4c451c5105 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/index.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/index.ts
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 export { calculateContentMd5 } from './md5';
 export { resolveS3ConfigAndInput } from './resolveS3ConfigAndInput';
 export { createDownloadTask, createUploadTask } from './transferTask';
+export { validateStorageOperationInput } from './validateStorageOperationInput';
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/resolveS3ConfigAndInput.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/resolveS3ConfigAndInput.ts
index d99149f6c0a..8eb28ef8681 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/resolveS3ConfigAndInput.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/resolveS3ConfigAndInput.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ interface ResolvedS3ConfigAndInput {
 	bucket: string;
 	keyPrefix: string;
 	isObjectLockEnabled?: boolean;
+	identityId?: string;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ export const resolveS3ConfigAndInput = async (
 		},
 		bucket,
 		keyPrefix,
+		identityId,
 		isObjectLockEnabled,
 	};
 };
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/validateStorageOperationInput.ts b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/validateStorageOperationInput.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..038df38f931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/storage/src/providers/s3/utils/validateStorageOperationInput.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+import { StrictUnion } from '@aws-amplify/core/internals/utils';
+
+import {
+	StorageOperationInputKey,
+	StorageOperationInputPath,
+} from '../../../types/inputs';
+import { assertValidationError } from '../../../errors/utils/assertValidationError';
+import { StorageValidationErrorCode } from '../../../errors/types/validation';
+
+import { STORAGE_INPUT_KEY, STORAGE_INPUT_PATH } from './constants';
+
+type Input = StrictUnion<StorageOperationInputKey | StorageOperationInputPath>;
+
+const isInputWithPath = (input: Input): input is StorageOperationInputPath => {
+	return input.path !== undefined;
+};
+
+export const validateStorageOperationInput = (
+	input: Input,
+	identityId?: string,
+) => {
+	assertValidationError(
+		!!(input as Input).key || !!(input as Input).path,
+		StorageValidationErrorCode.InvalidStorageOperationInput,
+	);
+
+	if (isInputWithPath(input)) {
+		const { path } = input;
+
+		return {
+			inputType: STORAGE_INPUT_PATH,
+			objectKey: typeof path === 'string' ? path : path({ identityId }),
+		};
+	} else {
+		return { inputType: STORAGE_INPUT_KEY, objectKey: input.key };
+	}
+};
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/types/index.ts b/packages/storage/src/types/index.ts
index 39bb1c049a3..78569a76f36 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/types/index.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ export {
 	StorageListInput,
 	StorageGetPropertiesInput,
 	StorageRemoveInput,
-	StorageDownloadDataInput,
+	StorageDownloadDataInputKey,
+	StorageDownloadDataInputPath,
 	StorageUploadDataInput,
 	StorageCopyInput,
 	StorageGetUrlInput,
@@ -26,6 +27,8 @@ export {
 } from './options';
 export {
 	StorageItem,
+	StorageItemKey,
+	StorageItemPath,
 	StorageListOutput,
 	StorageDownloadDataOutput,
 	StorageGetUrlOutput,
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/types/inputs.ts b/packages/storage/src/types/inputs.ts
index 861ebf53876..7e1e1ea15dc 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/types/inputs.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/types/inputs.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,26 @@ import {
 	StorageOptions,
 } from './options';
 
+/** @deprecated Use {@link StorageOperationInputPath} instead. */
+export interface StorageOperationInputKey {
+	/** @deprecated Use `path` instead. */
+	key: string;
+}
+export interface StorageOperationInputPath {
+	path: string | (({ identityId }: { identityId?: string }) => string);
+}
+export interface StorageOperationOptions<Options> {
+	options?: Options;
+}
+
+/** @deprecated Use {@link StorageDownloadDataInputPath} instead. */
+export type StorageDownloadDataInputKey<Options extends StorageOptions> =
+	StorageOperationInputKey & StorageOperationOptions<Options>;
+
+export type StorageDownloadDataInputPath<Options> = StorageOperationInputPath &
+	StorageOperationOptions<Options>;
+
+// TODO: This needs to be removed after refactor of all storage APIs
 export interface StorageOperationInput<Options extends StorageOptions> {
 	key: string;
 	options?: Options;
@@ -30,9 +50,6 @@ export interface StorageListInput<
 export type StorageGetUrlInput<Options extends StorageOptions> =
 	StorageOperationInput<Options>;
 
-export type StorageDownloadDataInput<Options extends StorageOptions> =
-	StorageOperationInput<Options>;
-
 export type StorageUploadDataInput<Options extends StorageOptions> =
 	StorageOperationInput<Options> & {
 		data: StorageUploadDataPayload;
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/types/options.ts b/packages/storage/src/types/options.ts
index df992df5838..29bdd1cd43d 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/types/options.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/types/options.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import { StorageAccessLevel } from '@aws-amplify/core';
 
 export interface StorageOptions {
+	/** @deprecated This will be removed in next major version. */
 	accessLevel?: StorageAccessLevel;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/storage/src/types/outputs.ts b/packages/storage/src/types/outputs.ts
index b5b3a9236c0..0d4307fd73b 100644
--- a/packages/storage/src/types/outputs.ts
+++ b/packages/storage/src/types/outputs.ts
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 
 import { ResponseBodyMixin } from '@aws-amplify/core/internals/aws-client-utils';
 
-export interface StorageItem {
-	/**
-	 * Key of the object
-	 */
-	key: string;
+/**
+ * Base type for a storage item.
+ */
+export interface StorageItemBase {
 	/**
 	 * Creation date of the object.
 	 */
@@ -28,7 +27,27 @@ export interface StorageItem {
 	metadata?: Record<string, string>;
 }
 
-export type StorageDownloadDataOutput<T extends StorageItem> = T & {
+/** @deprecated Use {@link StorageItemPath} instead. */
+export type StorageItemKey = StorageItemBase & {
+	/**
+	 * Key of the object.
+	 */
+	key: string;
+};
+
+export type StorageItemPath = StorageItemBase & {
+	/**
+	 * Path of the object.
+	 */
+	path: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A storage item can be identified either by a key or a path.
+ */
+export type StorageItem = StorageItemKey | StorageItemPath;
+
+export type StorageDownloadDataOutput<Item extends StorageItem> = Item & {
 	body: ResponseBodyMixin;
 };