diff --git a/aya/src/programs/extension.rs b/aya/src/programs/extension.rs
index c5895ab69..cc3b8387b 100644
--- a/aya/src/programs/extension.rs
+++ b/aya/src/programs/extension.rs
@@ -37,22 +37,12 @@ pub enum ExtensionError {
 /// use aya::{BpfLoader, programs::{Xdp, XdpFlags, Extension}};
 ///
 /// let mut bpf = BpfLoader::new().extension("extension").load_file("app.o")?;
-/// let mut prog = None;
-/// let mut ext = None;
-/// for (name, program) in bpf.programs_mut() {
-///     match name {
-///         "main" => prog = Some(program),
-///         "extension" => ext = Some(program),
-///         _ => {},
-///     }
-/// }
-///
-/// let prog: &mut Xdp = prog.unwrap().try_into()?;
+/// let prog: &mut Xdp = bpf.program_mut("main").unwrap().try_into()?;
 /// prog.load()?;
 /// prog.attach("eth0", XdpFlags::default())?;
 ///
 /// let prog_fd = prog.fd().unwrap();
-/// let ext: &mut Extension = ext.unwrap().try_into()?;
+/// let ext: &mut Extension = bpf.program_mut("extension").unwrap().try_into()?;
 /// ext.load(prog_fd, "function_to_replace")?;
 /// ext.attach()?;
 /// Ok::<(), aya::BpfError>(())
diff --git a/aya/src/programs/mod.rs b/aya/src/programs/mod.rs
index ea25acbc8..2ad4aedba 100644
--- a/aya/src/programs/mod.rs
+++ b/aya/src/programs/mod.rs
@@ -211,13 +211,12 @@ pub enum ProgramError {
 }
 
 /// A [`Program`] file descriptor.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct ProgramFd<'program>(BorrowedFd<'program>);
+pub struct ProgramFd(OwnedFd);
 
-impl AsFd for ProgramFd<'_> {
+impl AsFd for ProgramFd {
     fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_> {
         let Self(fd) = self;
-        *fd
+        fd.as_fd()
     }
 }
 
@@ -370,7 +369,7 @@ impl Program {
     ///
     /// Can be used to add a program to a [`crate::maps::ProgramArray`] or attach an [`Extension`] program.
     /// Can be converted to [`RawFd`] using [`AsRawFd`].
-    pub fn fd(&self) -> Option<ProgramFd> {
+    pub fn fd(&self) -> Result<ProgramFd, ProgramError> {
         match self {
             Program::KProbe(p) => p.fd(),
             Program::UProbe(p) => p.fd(),
@@ -721,8 +720,12 @@ macro_rules! impl_fd {
         $(
             impl $struct_name {
                 /// Returns the file descriptor of this Program.
-                pub fn fd(&self) -> Option<ProgramFd> {
-                    self.data.fd.as_ref().map(|fd| ProgramFd(fd.as_fd()))
+                pub fn fd(&self) -> Result<ProgramFd, ProgramError> {
+                    self.data.fd
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .ok_or(ProgramError::NotLoaded)
+                        .and_then(|fd| fd.try_clone().map_err(Into::into))
+                        .map(ProgramFd)
                 }
             }
         )+
diff --git a/xtask/public-api/aya.txt b/xtask/public-api/aya.txt
index 15c5e4a15..a9a9c803f 100644
--- a/xtask/public-api/aya.txt
+++ b/xtask/public-api/aya.txt
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<T: core::borrow::Borrow<aya::maps::MapData>> aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>
 pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::indices(&self) -> aya::maps::MapKeys<'_, u32>
 impl<T: core::borrow::BorrowMut<aya::maps::MapData>> aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>
 pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::clear_index(&mut self, index: &u32) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::maps::MapError>
-pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::set(&mut self, index: u32, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>, flags: u64) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::maps::MapError>
+pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::set(&mut self, index: u32, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd, flags: u64) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::maps::MapError>
 impl core::convert::TryFrom<aya::maps::Map> for aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>
 pub type aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>::Error = aya::maps::MapError
 pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>::try_from(map: aya::maps::Map) -> core::result::Result<aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>, aya::maps::MapError>
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ impl<T: core::borrow::Borrow<aya::maps::MapData>> aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>
 pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::indices(&self) -> aya::maps::MapKeys<'_, u32>
 impl<T: core::borrow::BorrowMut<aya::maps::MapData>> aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>
 pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::clear_index(&mut self, index: &u32) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::maps::MapError>
-pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::set(&mut self, index: u32, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>, flags: u64) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::maps::MapError>
+pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<T>::set(&mut self, index: u32, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd, flags: u64) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::maps::MapError>
 impl core::convert::TryFrom<aya::maps::Map> for aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>
 pub type aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>::Error = aya::maps::MapError
 pub fn aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>::try_from(map: aya::maps::Map) -> core::result::Result<aya::maps::ProgramArray<aya::maps::MapData>, aya::maps::MapError>
@@ -1804,7 +1804,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::detach(&mut self, link_id: ay
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDeviceLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDeviceLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice
@@ -1947,7 +1947,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<st
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkbLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkbLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -2055,7 +2055,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSockLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSockLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::from_pin<P: core::conver
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddrLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddrLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -2271,7 +2271,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::from_pin<P: core::convert::
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockoptLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockoptLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::detach(&mut self, link_id: ay
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctlLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctlLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl
@@ -2515,12 +2515,12 @@ pub fn aya::programs::extension::ExtensionError::from(t: T) -> T
 pub struct aya::programs::extension::Extension
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::attach(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId, aya::programs::ProgramError>
-pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::attach_to_program(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId, aya::programs::ProgramError>
+pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::attach_to_program(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
-pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::load(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
+pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::load(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
-pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
@@ -2632,7 +2632,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::
 pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::load(&mut self, fn_name: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::fentry::FEntryLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::fentry::FEntryLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fentry::FEntry
-pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fentry::FEntry
 pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fentry::FEntry
@@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::fe
 pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::load(&mut self, fn_name: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::fexit::FExitLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::fexit::FExitLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fexit::FExit
-pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fexit::FExit
 pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fexit::FExit
@@ -2895,7 +2895,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::kind(&self) -> aya::programs::ProbeKind
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::kprobe::KProbeLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::kprobe::KProbeLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe
-pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -3393,7 +3393,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Re
 pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::query<T: std::os::fd::raw::AsRawFd>(target_fd: T) -> core::result::Result<alloc::vec::Vec<aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircLink>, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2
-pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2
 pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2
@@ -3440,7 +3440,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::lsm::L
 pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::load(&mut self, lsm_hook_name: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::lsm::LsmLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::lsm::LsmLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lsm::Lsm
-pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lsm::Lsm
 pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lsm::Lsm
@@ -3725,7 +3725,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::pro
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEventLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEventLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent
-pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent
@@ -3919,7 +3919,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std:
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifierLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifierLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier
-pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -4057,7 +4057,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::pro
 pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::load(&mut self, tracepoint: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePointLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePointLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint
-pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint
 pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint
@@ -4206,7 +4206,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::p
 pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::trace_point::TracePointLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::trace_point::TracePointLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint
-pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint
 pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint
@@ -4366,7 +4366,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::kind(&self) -> aya::programs::ProbeKind
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::uprobe::UProbeLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::uprobe::UProbeLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe
-pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -4516,7 +4516,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::xdp::X
 pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::xdp::XdpLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::xdp::XdpLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::xdp::Xdp
-pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::xdp::Xdp
 pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::xdp::Xdp
@@ -4973,7 +4973,7 @@ pub aya::programs::Program::TracePoint(aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint)
 pub aya::programs::Program::UProbe(aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe)
 pub aya::programs::Program::Xdp(aya::programs::xdp::Xdp)
 impl aya::programs::Program
-pub fn aya::programs::Program::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::Program::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::Program::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::Program::prog_type(&self) -> aya_obj::generated::linux_bindings_x86_64::bpf_prog_type
 pub fn aya::programs::Program::unload(self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
@@ -5524,7 +5524,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::pro
 pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::load(&mut self, tracepoint: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePointLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePointLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint
-pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint
 pub fn aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tp_btf::BtfTracePoint
@@ -5570,7 +5570,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::detach(&mut self, link_id: ay
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDeviceLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDeviceLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_device::CgroupDevice
@@ -5618,7 +5618,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<st
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkbLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkbLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_skb::CgroupSkb::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -5663,7 +5663,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSockLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSockLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock::CgroupSock::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -5708,7 +5708,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::from_pin<P: core::conver
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddrLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddrLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sock_addr::CgroupSockAddr::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -5753,7 +5753,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::from_pin<P: core::convert::
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockoptLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockoptLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sockopt::CgroupSockopt::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -5797,7 +5797,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::detach(&mut self, link_id: ay
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctlLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctlLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl
-pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl
 pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl
@@ -5839,12 +5839,12 @@ pub fn aya::programs::cgroup_sysctl::CgroupSysctl::from(t: T) -> T
 pub struct aya::programs::Extension
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::attach(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId, aya::programs::ProgramError>
-pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::attach_to_program(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId, aya::programs::ProgramError>
+pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::attach_to_program(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
-pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::load(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
+pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::load(&mut self, program: aya::programs::ProgramFd, func_name: &str) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::extension::ExtensionLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
-pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
 pub fn aya::programs::extension::Extension::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::extension::Extension
@@ -5890,7 +5890,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::
 pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::load(&mut self, fn_name: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::fentry::FEntryLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::fentry::FEntryLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fentry::FEntry
-pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fentry::FEntry
 pub fn aya::programs::fentry::FEntry::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fentry::FEntry
@@ -5936,7 +5936,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::fe
 pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::load(&mut self, fn_name: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::fexit::FExitLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::fexit::FExitLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fexit::FExit
-pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fexit::FExit
 pub fn aya::programs::fexit::FExit::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::fexit::FExit
@@ -5984,7 +5984,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::kind(&self) -> aya::programs::ProbeKind
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::kprobe::KProbeLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::kprobe::KProbeLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe
-pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::kprobe::KProbe::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -6029,7 +6029,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Re
 pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::query<T: std::os::fd::raw::AsRawFd>(target_fd: T) -> core::result::Result<alloc::vec::Vec<aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircLink>, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2
-pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2
 pub fn aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lirc_mode2::LircMode2
@@ -6075,7 +6075,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::lsm::L
 pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::load(&mut self, lsm_hook_name: &str, btf: &aya_obj::btf::btf::Btf) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::lsm::LsmLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::lsm::LsmLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lsm::Lsm
-pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lsm::Lsm
 pub fn aya::programs::lsm::Lsm::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::lsm::Lsm
@@ -6121,7 +6121,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::pro
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEventLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEventLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent
-pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent
@@ -6160,37 +6160,30 @@ impl<T> core::borrow::BorrowMut<T> for aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent wher
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
 impl<T> core::convert::From<T> for aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent
 pub fn aya::programs::perf_event::PerfEvent::from(t: T) -> T
-pub struct aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>(_)
-impl std::os::fd::owned::AsFd for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>::as_fd(&self) -> std::os::fd::owned::BorrowedFd<'_>
-impl<'program> core::clone::Clone for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::clone(&self) -> aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-impl<'program> core::marker::Copy for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-impl<'program> core::marker::Send for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-impl<'program> core::marker::Sync for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-impl<'program> core::marker::Unpin for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-impl<'program> core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-impl<'program> core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-impl<T, U> core::convert::Into<U> for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program> where U: core::convert::From<T>
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::into(self) -> U
-impl<T, U> core::convert::TryFrom<U> for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program> where U: core::convert::Into<T>
-pub type aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::Error = core::convert::Infallible
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::try_from(value: U) -> core::result::Result<T, <T as core::convert::TryFrom<U>>::Error>
-impl<T, U> core::convert::TryInto<U> for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program> where U: core::convert::TryFrom<T>
-pub type aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::Error = <U as core::convert::TryFrom<T>>::Error
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::try_into(self) -> core::result::Result<U, <U as core::convert::TryFrom<T>>::Error>
-impl<T> alloc::borrow::ToOwned for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program> where T: core::clone::Clone
-pub type aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::Owned = T
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::to_owned(&self) -> T
-impl<T> core::any::Any for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program> where T: 'static + core::marker::Sized
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::type_id(&self) -> core::any::TypeId
-impl<T> core::borrow::Borrow<T> for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program> where T: core::marker::Sized
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::borrow(&self) -> &T
-impl<T> core::borrow::BorrowMut<T> for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program> where T: core::marker::Sized
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
-impl<T> core::convert::From<T> for aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>
-pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd<'program>::from(t: T) -> T
+pub struct aya::programs::ProgramFd(_)
+impl std::os::fd::owned::AsFd for aya::programs::ProgramFd
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::as_fd(&self) -> std::os::fd::owned::BorrowedFd<'_>
+impl core::marker::Send for aya::programs::ProgramFd
+impl core::marker::Sync for aya::programs::ProgramFd
+impl core::marker::Unpin for aya::programs::ProgramFd
+impl core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe for aya::programs::ProgramFd
+impl core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe for aya::programs::ProgramFd
+impl<T, U> core::convert::Into<U> for aya::programs::ProgramFd where U: core::convert::From<T>
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::into(self) -> U
+impl<T, U> core::convert::TryFrom<U> for aya::programs::ProgramFd where U: core::convert::Into<T>
+pub type aya::programs::ProgramFd::Error = core::convert::Infallible
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::try_from(value: U) -> core::result::Result<T, <T as core::convert::TryFrom<U>>::Error>
+impl<T, U> core::convert::TryInto<U> for aya::programs::ProgramFd where U: core::convert::TryFrom<T>
+pub type aya::programs::ProgramFd::Error = <U as core::convert::TryFrom<T>>::Error
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::try_into(self) -> core::result::Result<U, <U as core::convert::TryFrom<T>>::Error>
+impl<T> core::any::Any for aya::programs::ProgramFd where T: 'static + core::marker::Sized
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::type_id(&self) -> core::any::TypeId
+impl<T> core::borrow::Borrow<T> for aya::programs::ProgramFd where T: core::marker::Sized
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::borrow(&self) -> &T
+impl<T> core::borrow::BorrowMut<T> for aya::programs::ProgramFd where T: core::marker::Sized
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
+impl<T> core::convert::From<T> for aya::programs::ProgramFd
+pub fn aya::programs::ProgramFd::from(t: T) -> T
 pub struct aya::programs::ProgramInfo(_)
 impl aya::programs::ProgramInfo
 pub fn aya::programs::ProgramInfo::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<std::os::fd::raw::RawFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
@@ -6228,7 +6221,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::RawTracePoint::detach(&mut self, link_id: RawTracePointLin
 pub fn aya::programs::RawTracePoint::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::RawTracePoint::take_link(&mut self, link_id: RawTracePointLinkId) -> core::result::Result<RawTracePointLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::RawTracePoint
-pub fn aya::programs::RawTracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::RawTracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::RawTracePoint
 pub fn aya::programs::RawTracePoint::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::RawTracePoint
@@ -6276,7 +6269,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std:
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifierLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifierLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier
-pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::tc::SchedClassifier::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -6320,7 +6313,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::SkLookup::detach(&mut self, link_id: SkLookupLinkId) -> co
 pub fn aya::programs::SkLookup::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::SkLookup::take_link(&mut self, link_id: SkLookupLinkId) -> core::result::Result<SkLookupLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkLookup
-pub fn aya::programs::SkLookup::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::SkLookup::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkLookup
 pub fn aya::programs::SkLookup::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkLookup
@@ -6366,7 +6359,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::SkMsg::detach(&mut self, link_id: SkMsgLinkId) -> core::re
 pub fn aya::programs::SkMsg::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::SkMsg::take_link(&mut self, link_id: SkMsgLinkId) -> core::result::Result<SkMsgLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkMsg
-pub fn aya::programs::SkMsg::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::SkMsg::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkMsg
 pub fn aya::programs::SkMsg::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkMsg
@@ -6413,7 +6406,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::SkSkb::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(
 pub fn aya::programs::SkSkb::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::SkSkb::take_link(&mut self, link_id: SkSkbLinkId) -> core::result::Result<SkSkbLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkSkb
-pub fn aya::programs::SkSkb::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::SkSkb::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SkSkb
 pub fn aya::programs::SkSkb::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::SkSkb::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -6457,7 +6450,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::SockOps::detach(&mut self, link_id: SockOpsLinkId) -> core
 pub fn aya::programs::SockOps::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::SockOps::take_link(&mut self, link_id: SockOpsLinkId) -> core::result::Result<SockOpsLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SockOps
-pub fn aya::programs::SockOps::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::SockOps::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SockOps
 pub fn aya::programs::SockOps::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SockOps
@@ -6503,7 +6496,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::SocketFilter::detach(&mut self, link_id: SocketFilterLinkI
 pub fn aya::programs::SocketFilter::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::SocketFilter::take_link(&mut self, link_id: SocketFilterLinkId) -> core::result::Result<SocketFilterLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SocketFilter
-pub fn aya::programs::SocketFilter::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::SocketFilter::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SocketFilter
 pub fn aya::programs::SocketFilter::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::SocketFilter
@@ -6549,7 +6542,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::p
 pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::trace_point::TracePointLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::trace_point::TracePointLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint
-pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint
 pub fn aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::trace_point::TracePoint
@@ -6597,7 +6590,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::kind(&self) -> aya::programs::ProbeKind
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::uprobe::UProbeLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::uprobe::UProbeLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe
-pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::pin::PinError>
 pub fn aya::programs::uprobe::UProbe::unpin(self) -> core::result::Result<(), std::io::error::Error>
@@ -6643,7 +6636,7 @@ pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::detach(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::xdp::X
 pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::load(&mut self) -> core::result::Result<(), aya::programs::ProgramError>
 pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::take_link(&mut self, link_id: aya::programs::xdp::XdpLinkId) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::xdp::XdpLink, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::xdp::Xdp
-pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::fd(&self) -> core::option::Option<aya::programs::ProgramFd<'_>>
+pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::fd(&self) -> core::result::Result<aya::programs::ProgramFd, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::xdp::Xdp
 pub fn aya::programs::xdp::Xdp::from_pin<P: core::convert::AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> core::result::Result<Self, aya::programs::ProgramError>
 impl aya::programs::xdp::Xdp