diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-verify.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly-verify.yml
index dfbd3f8bfa..264d7806b6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-verify.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-verify.yml
@@ -174,3 +174,18 @@ jobs:
           VERIFICATION_MOCK_DIST_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}\apache-arrow-adbc-${{ env.VERSION }}-rc0
         run: |
           .\arrow-adbc\dev\release\verify-release-candidate.ps1 $env:VERSION 0
+
+  source-docker:
+    name: "Run Docker Tests"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: arrow-adbc
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run Test
+        run: |
+          pushd arrow-adbc
+          docker compose run --rm cpp-clang-latest
diff --git a/ci/docker/cpp-clang-latest.dockerfile b/ci/docker/cpp-clang-latest.dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff6e161e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/docker/cpp-clang-latest.dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+ARG VCPKG
+
+FROM debian:12
+
+RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && \
+    apt-get update -y && \
+    apt-get install -y curl gnupg && \
+    echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/bookworm/ llvm-toolchain-bookworm main" \
+         > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list && \
+    echo "deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/bookworm/ llvm-toolchain-bookworm main" \
+         >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list && \
+    curl -L https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | apt-key add - && \
+    apt-get update -y && \
+    apt-get install -y clang libc++abi-dev libc++-dev libomp-dev && \
+    apt-get clean
+
+RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && \
+    apt-get install -y cmake git libpq-dev libsqlite3-dev pkg-config
+
+RUN curl -L -o go.tar.gz https://go.dev/dl/go1.22.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz && \
+    tar -C /opt -xvf go.tar.gz && \
+    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/go/bin' | tee -a ~/.bashrc
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index cedaf439f0..1b0f217c94 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -30,6 +30,19 @@ services:
     command: |
       /adbc/ci/scripts/csharp_pack.sh /adbc
 
+  ################################ C/C++ #######################################
+
+  # Build/test with latest Clang
+  cpp-clang-latest:
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/cpp-clang-latest.dockerfile
+      args:
+        VCPKG: ${VCPKG}
+    volumes:
+      - .:/adbc:delegated
+    command: "bash -c 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/go/bin CC=$(which clang) CXX=$(which clang++) && git config --global --add safe.directory /adbc && /adbc/ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh /adbc /adbc/build && env BUILD_ALL=0 BUILD_DRIVER_MANAGER=1 BUILD_DRIVER_SQLITE=1 /adbc/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh /adbc/build'"
+
   ############################ Documentation ###################################
 
   docs: