diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yaml b/.github/workflows/pytest.yaml
similarity index 64%
rename from .github/workflows/main.yaml
rename to .github/workflows/pytest.yaml
index 086b86f..df62bc7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pytest.yaml
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 # Built from:
 # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/guides/building-and-testing-python
 
-name: black
+name: Test and check code style
 
 on: [push, pull_request]
 
 jobs:
-  black:
-
+  test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     strategy:
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
 
       #----------------------------------------------
-      #       check-out repo and set-up python
+      # check-out repo and set-up python
       #----------------------------------------------
       - name: Check out repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v2
@@ -28,41 +27,39 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
       #----------------------------------------------
-      #          install & configure poetry
+      # cache poetry installation
       #----------------------------------------------
-      - name: Install Poetry
-        uses: snok/install-poetry@v1.1.1
+      - name: Cache Poetry files
+        id: cache-poetry
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
         with:
-          virtualenvs-create: true
-          virtualenvs-in-project: true
+          path: ~/.local
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ matrix.python-version }}-poetry-${{ hashFiles('**/poetry.lock') }}
 
       #----------------------------------------------
-      #       load cached venv if cache exists
+      # install & configure poetry
       #----------------------------------------------
-      - name: Load cached venv
-        id: cached-poetry-dependencies
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: .venv
-          key: venv-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/poetry.lock') }}
+      - name: Install Poetry
+        uses: snok/install-poetry@v1
 
       #----------------------------------------------
-      # install dependencies if cache does not exist
+      # install dependencies
       #----------------------------------------------
       - name: Install dependencies
-        if: steps.cached-poetry-dependencies.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: poetry install --no-interaction --no-root
+        run: poetry install --no-interaction
 
       #----------------------------------------------
-      #    install your root project, if required
+      # run tests
       #----------------------------------------------
-      - name: Install library
-        run: poetry install --no-interaction
+      - name: Run tests
+        env:
+          SHEET2LINKML_GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCT: ${{ secrets.Sheet2LinkMLGoogleServiceAcct  }}
+        run: poetry run pytest -svvv
 
       #----------------------------------------------
-      #             check formatting
+      # check formatting
       #----------------------------------------------
-      - name: Code formatting with black
+      - name: Code style with black
         run: |
            # run black in check mode
            # if files are not formatted correctly, the build will not go through
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 3958ae5..2cd7916 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,18 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 ## [Releases](https://github.com/cancerDHC/sheet2linkml/releases)
 
 ## [Unreleased]
+* Bugs or Features yet to be resolved.
+
+## [v1.3.0]
+* Feature: added a dummy Google Sheet, the expected schema, and a test to compare them.
+* Feature: cleaned up GitHub Action for style checks and added PyTest.
+* Feature: added support for storing Google API credentials in an environmental variable, and added it to 
+  GitHub Actions.
+* Feature: added check for Google Sheet ID.
+* Feature: updated @cached_property with @property @lru_cache to support Python 3.7.
+* Bug: updated CCDH Terminology API endpoint for enumerations.
+* Bug: fixed code to correctly handle 404 responses from the TCCM Terminology Service.
+* Bug: replaced unnecessary print() in GSheetModel with logging.error().
 
 ## [v1.2.0] - 2021-11-29
 
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 6afb96b..182d6d1 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -68,7 +68,12 @@ git checkout -b release-1.2 develop # Switched to a new branch "release-1.2"
 # minor bug fixes and preparing metadata for a release
 # e.g., version number, build dates
 # commit changes
+```
+
+Update the version number of the release in [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) and document some of the new changes that will be 
+part of the release.
 
+```
 # merge changes into "main"
 git checkout main # switched to branch "main"
 git merge --no-ff release-1.2 # merge into "main" with summary of changes
@@ -85,7 +90,8 @@ Once the code has been merged into the `main` branch on this repo, there are two
 to ensure a release is complete.
 
 - You should create a GitHub tag, with the appropriate version number.
-- You should push the package to PyPI.
+- You should push the package to PyPI. Before pushing the package to PyPI make sure you have updated the version number in the 
+[pyproject.toml](pyproject.toml) file so that it matches the version number of the release you described in the CHANGELOG.
 
 ### Release to Test PyPI _(optional)_
 The purpose of this section is to verify that the package looks and works as intended, by viewing it on Test PyPI and 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d70cd81..9c55383 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ source .venv/bin/activate
 python -m pip install sheet2linkml
 ```
 
+## Authorization
+
+sheet2linkml uses the [`pygsheets` library](https://github.com/nithinmurali/pygsheets) in order to access sheets in
+Google Drive. To authorize it to access your Google Sheets, you will need to create and download Google Drive client credentials. First,
+[enable the Google Drive API](https://developers.google.com/drive/api/v3/enable-drive-api). After the API is enabled, 
+[create and download the client credentials](https://www.iperiusbackup.net/en/how-to-enable-google-drive-api-and-get-client-credentials/)
+from the [Google API Console](https://console.developers.google.com/). Save the file as `google_api_credentials.json` in
+the root directory of this project. [Detailed instructions and screenshots](https://pygsheets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/authorization.html)
+are also available from the [`pygsheets` documentation](https://pygsheets.readthedocs.io/).
+
 ## Command Line Client Usage
 
 Identify the Google Sheet that you want to convert to LinkML. Note that sheet2linkml is not currently a general-purpose Google Sheet to LinkML converter. It will only work with Google Sheets that have been written in a particular, currently undefined format.
@@ -42,10 +52,10 @@ Identify the Google Sheet that you want to convert to LinkML. Note that sheet2li
 Contact your CCDH colleagues to obtain the correct sheet ID and assert it either in a `.env` file or in the shell, like this:
 
 ```shell
-export CDM_GOOGLE_SHEET_ID=WbM2Jr869ofmdcSmhX_1E0aLWvnK2-gr47Mo_tzuQKWy
+export CDM_GOOGLE_SHEET_ID=1oWS7cao-fgz2MKWtyr8h2dEL9unX__0bJrWKv6mQmM4
 ```
 
-A `google_api_credentials.json` file is also required in the root of this repo. Documentation is forthcoming.
+A `google_api_credentials.json` file is also required in the root of this repo as detailed in the Authorization section above.
 
 And the user is responsible for defining 
 - `~/path/to/crdch_model.yaml`
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 9d0e33d..85389f8 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@ category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "atomicwrites"
+version = "1.4.0"
+description = "Atomic file writes."
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "attrs"
 version = "21.2.0"
@@ -22,9 +30,9 @@ tests_no_zope = ["coverage[toml] (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "pympler", "pytest (>
 
 [[package]]
 name = "black"
-version = "21.11b1"
+version = "21.12b0"
 description = "The uncompromising code formatter."
-category = "main"
+category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6.2"
 
@@ -33,7 +41,6 @@ click = ">=7.1.2"
 mypy-extensions = ">=0.4.3"
 pathspec = ">=0.9.0,<1"
 platformdirs = ">=2"
-regex = ">=2021.4.4"
 tomli = ">=0.2.6,<2.0.0"
 typed-ast = {version = ">=1.4.2", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\" and implementation_name == \"cpython\""}
 typing-extensions = [
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ python-versions = "*"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "charset-normalizer"
-version = "2.0.8"
+version = "2.0.9"
 description = "The Real First Universal Charset Detector. Open, modern and actively maintained alternative to Chardet."
 category = "main"
 optional = false
@@ -119,7 +126,7 @@ python-versions = ">=3.6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "google-api-core"
-version = "2.2.2"
+version = "2.3.0"
 description = "Google API client core library"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
@@ -138,7 +145,7 @@ grpcio-gcp = ["grpcio-gcp (>=0.2.2)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "google-api-python-client"
-version = "2.31.0"
+version = "2.33.0"
 description = "Google API Client Library for Python"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
@@ -200,7 +207,7 @@ tool = ["click (>=6.0.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "googleapis-common-protos"
-version = "1.53.0"
+version = "1.54.0"
 description = "Common protobufs used in Google APIs"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
@@ -271,6 +278,14 @@ zipp = {version = ">=3.1.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.10\""}
 docs = ["sphinx", "jaraco.packaging (>=8.2)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)"]
 testing = ["pytest (>=6)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-flake8", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=1.0.1)", "pytest-black (>=0.3.7)", "pytest-mypy"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "iniconfig"
+version = "1.1.1"
+description = "iniconfig: brain-dead simple config-ini parsing"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "isodate"
 version = "0.6.0"
@@ -336,7 +351,7 @@ format_nongpl = ["fqdn", "idna", "isoduration", "jsonpointer (>1.13)", "rfc3339-
 
 [[package]]
 name = "linkml-runtime"
-version = "1.1.7"
+version = "1.1.9"
 description = "LinkML Runtime Environment"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
@@ -376,7 +391,7 @@ source = ["Cython (>=0.29.7)"]
 name = "mypy-extensions"
 version = "0.4.3"
 description = "Experimental type system extensions for programs checked with the mypy typechecker."
-category = "main"
+category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
@@ -393,11 +408,22 @@ rsa = ["cryptography (>=3.0.0,<4)"]
 signals = ["blinker (>=1.4.0)"]
 signedtoken = ["cryptography (>=3.0.0,<4)", "pyjwt (>=2.0.0,<3)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "packaging"
+version = "21.3"
+description = "Core utilities for Python packages"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pyparsing = ">=2.0.2,<3.0.5 || >3.0.5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pathspec"
 version = "0.9.0"
 description = "Utility library for gitignore style pattern matching of file paths."
-category = "main"
+category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,>=2.7"
 
@@ -405,7 +431,7 @@ python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,>=2.7"
 name = "platformdirs"
 version = "2.4.0"
 description = "A small Python module for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a \"user data dir\"."
-category = "main"
+category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 
@@ -413,6 +439,21 @@ python-versions = ">=3.6"
 docs = ["Sphinx (>=4)", "furo (>=2021.7.5b38)", "proselint (>=0.10.2)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.12)"]
 test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "pytest (>=6)", "pytest-cov (>=2.7)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pluggy"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = "plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+importlib-metadata = {version = ">=0.12", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["pre-commit", "tox"]
+testing = ["pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "prefixcommons"
 version = "0.1.9"
@@ -436,6 +477,14 @@ category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "py"
+version = "1.11.0"
+description = "library with cross-python path, ini-parsing, io, code, log facilities"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pyasn1"
 version = "0.4.8"
@@ -520,6 +569,28 @@ category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pytest"
+version = "6.2.5"
+description = "pytest: simple powerful testing with Python"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+atomicwrites = {version = ">=1.0", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+attrs = ">=19.2.0"
+colorama = {version = "*", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+importlib-metadata = {version = ">=0.12", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
+iniconfig = "*"
+packaging = "*"
+pluggy = ">=0.12,<2.0"
+py = ">=1.8.2"
+toml = "*"
+
+[package.extras]
+testing = ["argcomplete", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "nose", "requests", "xmlschema"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "python-dotenv"
 version = "0.15.0"
@@ -582,14 +653,6 @@ pyldmod = "*"
 rdflib = ">=4.2.0"
 testfixtures = "*"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "regex"
-version = "2021.11.10"
-description = "Alternative regular expression module, to replace re."
-category = "main"
-optional = false
-python-versions = "*"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "requests"
 version = "2.26.0"
@@ -666,19 +729,27 @@ build = ["setuptools-git", "wheel", "twine"]
 docs = ["sphinx", "zope.component", "sybil", "twisted", "mock", "django (<2)", "django"]
 test = ["pytest (>=3.6)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-django", "zope.component", "sybil", "twisted", "mock", "django (<2)", "django"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "toml"
+version = "0.10.2"
+description = "Python Library for Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tomli"
 version = "1.2.2"
 description = "A lil' TOML parser"
-category = "main"
+category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "typed-ast"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.5.1"
 description = "a fork of Python 2 and 3 ast modules with type comment support"
-category = "main"
+category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 
@@ -734,19 +805,23 @@ testing = ["pytest (>=4.6)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-flake8", "pytes
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "1.1"
 python-versions = "^3.7"
-content-hash = "bbd1f751e1d250b71b02e615755ac97c2d72a8beecebf7834eba93567b0b7c44"
+content-hash = "8a00e373957ee1850c86fb5dc806ece485e90a52e96bad0edf2057b9d122af87"
 
 [metadata.files]
 antlr4-python3-runtime = [
     {file = "antlr4-python3-runtime-4.9.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f224469b4168294902bb1efa80a8bf7855f24c99aef99cbefc1bcd3cce77881b"},
 ]
+atomicwrites = [
+    {file = "atomicwrites-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6d1784dea7c0c8d4a5172b6c620f40b6e4cbfdf96d783691f2e1302a7b88e197"},
+    {file = "atomicwrites-1.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ae70396ad1a434f9c7046fd2dd196fc04b12f9e91ffb859164193be8b6168a7a"},
+]
 attrs = [
     {file = "attrs-21.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:149e90d6d8ac20db7a955ad60cf0e6881a3f20d37096140088356da6c716b0b1"},
     {file = "attrs-21.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ef6aaac3ca6cd92904cdd0d83f629a15f18053ec84e6432106f7a4d04ae4f5fb"},
 ]
 black = [
-    {file = "black-21.11b1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:802c6c30b637b28645b7fde282ed2569c0cd777dbe493a41b6a03c1d903f99ac"},
-    {file = "black-21.11b1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a042adbb18b3262faad5aff4e834ff186bb893f95ba3a8013f09de1e5569def2"},
+    {file = "black-21.12b0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a615e69ae185e08fdd73e4715e260e2479c861b5740057fde6e8b4e3b7dd589f"},
+    {file = "black-21.12b0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:77b80f693a569e2e527958459634f18df9b0ba2625ba4e0c2d5da5be42e6f2b3"},
 ]
 cachetools = [
     {file = "cachetools-4.2.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:92971d3cb7d2a97efff7c7bb1657f21a8f5fb309a37530537c71b1774189f2d1"},
@@ -757,8 +832,8 @@ certifi = [
     {file = "certifi-2021.10.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:78884e7c1d4b00ce3cea67b44566851c4343c120abd683433ce934a68ea58872"},
 ]
 charset-normalizer = [
-    {file = "charset-normalizer-2.0.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:735e240d9a8506778cd7a453d97e817e536bb1fc29f4f6961ce297b9c7a917b0"},
-    {file = "charset_normalizer-2.0.8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:83fcdeb225499d6344c8f7f34684c2981270beacc32ede2e669e94f7fa544405"},
+    {file = "charset-normalizer-2.0.9.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b0b883e8e874edfdece9c28f314e3dd5badf067342e42fb162203335ae61aa2c"},
+    {file = "charset_normalizer-2.0.9-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1eecaa09422db5be9e29d7fc65664e6c33bd06f9ced7838578ba40d58bdf3721"},
 ]
 click = [
     {file = "click-8.0.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:353f466495adaeb40b6b5f592f9f91cb22372351c84caeb068132442a4518ef3"},
@@ -777,12 +852,12 @@ frozendict = [
     {file = "frozendict-2.1.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:655b879217dd445a2023e16154cc231febef802b5c812d5c2e822280ad69e1dc"},
 ]
 google-api-core = [
-    {file = "google-api-core-2.2.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:97349cc18c2bb2415f64f1353a80273a289a61294ce3eb2f7ce682d251bdd997"},
-    {file = "google_api_core-2.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e7853735d4f51f4212d6bf9750620d76fc0106c0f271be0c3f43b73501c7ddf9"},
+    {file = "google-api-core-2.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:538cd927bfe0f7c63bc1eb5fcadeeeb52f90bb29117dea87ae8cae48953d4c60"},
+    {file = "google_api_core-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:65fe1d9d8dde7a5ddc43d5cc134560c2a76b1a26c9f70c3c24f13b7910e89e10"},
 ]
 google-api-python-client = [
-    {file = "google-api-python-client-2.31.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3f64a5eee6fa03ab51806dccf48e342fda83fea60c290518c6a2dfdbf2de9efd"},
-    {file = "google_api_python_client-2.31.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d9f1539db48abfea3d7d65e4cfba258a5a95c901e99fb49c7cfe4de99921a757"},
+    {file = "google-api-python-client-2.33.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:38e98611794632a12479fafbabe0b5027e8fcfc412e8375f1b23db0bc0209181"},
+    {file = "google_api_python_client-2.33.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1322d026110bc62eb29a4a25a15895dac51486b30a29b5943bc456318677280b"},
 ]
 google-auth = [
     {file = "google-auth-2.3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d83570a664c10b97a1dc6f8df87e5fdfff012f48f62be131e449c20dfc32630e"},
@@ -797,8 +872,8 @@ google-auth-oauthlib = [
     {file = "google_auth_oauthlib-0.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3f2a6e802eebbb6fb736a370fbf3b055edcb6b52878bf2f26330b5e041316c73"},
 ]
 googleapis-common-protos = [
-    {file = "googleapis-common-protos-1.53.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a88ee8903aa0a81f6c3cec2d5cf62d3c8aa67c06439b0496b49048fb1854ebf4"},
-    {file = "googleapis_common_protos-1.53.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f6d561ab8fb16b30020b940e2dd01cd80082f4762fa9f3ee670f4419b4b8dbd0"},
+    {file = "googleapis-common-protos-1.54.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a4031d6ec6c2b1b6dc3e0be7e10a1bd72fb0b18b07ef9be7b51f2c1004ce2437"},
+    {file = "googleapis_common_protos-1.54.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e54345a2add15dc5e1a7891c27731ff347b4c33765d79b5ed7026a6c0c7cbcae"},
 ]
 hbreader = [
     {file = "hbreader-0.9.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9a6e76c9d1afc1b977374a5dc430a1ebb0ea0488205546d4678d6e31cc5f6801"},
@@ -820,6 +895,10 @@ importlib-resources = [
     {file = "importlib_resources-5.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:33a95faed5fc19b4bc16b29a6eeae248a3fe69dd55d4d229d2b480e23eeaad45"},
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-    {file = "regex-2021.11.10.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f341ee2df0999bfdf7a95e448075effe0db212a59387de1a70690e4acb03d4c6"},
-]
 requests = [
     {file = "requests-2.26.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6c1246513ecd5ecd4528a0906f910e8f0f9c6b8ec72030dc9fd154dc1a6efd24"},
     {file = "requests-2.26.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b8aa58f8cf793ffd8782d3d8cb19e66ef36f7aba4353eec859e74678b01b07a7"},
@@ -1169,30 +1188,34 @@ testfixtures = [
     {file = "testfixtures-6.18.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6ddb7f56a123e1a9339f130a200359092bd0a6455e31838d6c477e8729bb7763"},
     {file = "testfixtures-6.18.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2600100ae96ffd082334b378e355550fef8b4a529a6fa4c34f47130905c7426d"},
 ]
+toml = [
+    {file = "toml-0.10.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:806143ae5bfb6a3c6e736a764057db0e6a0e05e338b5630894a5f779cabb4f9b"},
+    {file = "toml-0.10.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b3bda1d108d5dd99f4a20d24d9c348e91c4db7ab1b749200bded2f839ccbe68f"},
+]
 tomli = [
     {file = "tomli-1.2.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f04066f68f5554911363063a30b108d2b5a5b1a010aa8b6132af78489fe3aade"},
     {file = "tomli-1.2.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c6ce0015eb38820eaf32b5db832dbc26deb3dd427bd5f6556cf0acac2c214fee"},
 ]
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+    {file = "typed_ast-1.5.1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:b6d17f37f6edd879141e64a5db17b67488cfeffeedad8c5cec0392305e9bc775"},
+    {file = "typed_ast-1.5.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:484137cab8ecf47e137260daa20bafbba5f4e3ec7fda1c1e69ab299b75fa81c5"},
 ]
 typing-extensions = [
     {file = "typing_extensions-4.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7f001e5ac290a0c0401508864c7ec868be4e701886d5b573a9528ed3973d9d3b"},
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ca2ee7c..ce1ee2e 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "sheet2linkml"
-version = "1.2.0"
+version = "1.3.0"
 description = "Google Sheets to LinkML generator for the CRDC-H model"
 authors = [
     "Gaurav Vaidya <gaurav@renci.org>"
@@ -38,4 +38,7 @@ pygsheets = "^2.0.4"
 PyYAML = "^5.4.1"
 setuptools = "^52.0.0"
 python-dotenv = "^0.15.0"
+
+[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
+pytest = "^6.2.5"
 black = "^21.9b0"
diff --git a/sheet2linkml/cli.py b/sheet2linkml/cli.py
index d2a145e..b7da525 100644
--- a/sheet2linkml/cli.py
+++ b/sheet2linkml/cli.py
@@ -18,9 +18,17 @@
 
 from linkml_runtime.dumpers import yaml_dumper
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+import pygsheets
 
 
 @click.command()
+@click.option(
+    "--google-sheet-id",
+    "-g",
+    type=str,
+    default=os.getenv("CDM_GOOGLE_SHEET_ID"),
+    help="The Google Sheet ID that should be converted into a LinkML sheet.",
+)
 @click.option(
     "--output",
     "-o",
@@ -49,24 +57,61 @@
     default=True,
     help="Controls whether we use the CCDH Terminology Service to add enumerated values for attributes.",
 )
-def main(output, filter_entity, logging_config, write_mappings, include_terminologies):
+def main(
+    google_sheet_id,
+    output,
+    filter_entity,
+    logging_config,
+    write_mappings,
+    include_terminologies,
+):
     # Display INFO log entry and up.
-    logging.config.fileConfig(logging_config)
+    if os.path.exists(logging_config):
+        logging.config.fileConfig(logging_config)
+    else:
+        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
 
     # Load environemental variables from `.env` if one is present.
     load_dotenv()
 
     # Read in Google API credentials.
-    google_api_credentials = os.getenv(
-        "GOOGLE_API_CREDENTIALS", "google_api_credentials.json"
-    )
-    google_sheet_id = os.getenv("CDM_GOOGLE_SHEET_ID")
+    if "SHEET2LINKML_GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCT" in os.environ:
+        # If an environment variable SHEET2LINKML_GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCT is set, use it as a
+        # Service Account (https://pygsheets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/authorization.html#service-account)
+        logging.info(
+            "Using Google Sheet API credentials from service account environment variable."
+        )
+        pygclient = pygsheets.authorize(
+            service_account_env_var="SHEET2LINKML_GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCT",
+            scopes=GSheetModel.SCOPES,
+        )
+    else:
+        # Otherwise, look for the path to Google API Credentials in google_api_credentials.json.
+        google_api_credentials = os.getenv(
+            "GOOGLE_API_CREDENTIALS", "google_api_credentials.json"
+        )
+        if not os.path.exists(google_api_credentials):
+            logging.error(
+                f"Google API Credential file '{google_api_credentials}' not found: please see "
+                + "https://github.com/cancerDHC/sheet2linkml#authorization for information on creating this file."
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        logging.info("Using Google Sheet API credentials from credentials file.")
+        pygclient = pygsheets.authorize(
+            client_secret=google_api_credentials, scopes=GSheetModel.SCOPES
+        )
 
     # Arbitrarily set a CRDC-H root URI.
     crdch_root = "https://example.org/crdch"
 
+    if not google_sheet_id:
+        logging.error(
+            "A Google Sheet ID is required; please set environmental variable 'CDM_GOOGLE_SHEET_ID' to a Google Sheet ID."
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
     # Load the Google Sheet model and add the development version number.
-    model = GSheetModel(google_api_credentials, google_sheet_id)
+    model = GSheetModel(pygclient, google_sheet_id)
     if include_terminologies:
         model.use_terminology_service(TCCMService("https://terminology.ccdh.io"))
     logging.info(f"Google Sheet loaded: {model}")
@@ -100,7 +145,7 @@ def main(output, filter_entity, logging_config, write_mappings, include_terminol
             )
             for entity in model.entities():
                 logging.error(f" - {entity.name}")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         mappings = list()
 
@@ -121,6 +166,8 @@ def main(output, filter_entity, logging_config, write_mappings, include_terminol
         if write_mappings:
             Mappings.write_to_file(model.mappings, filename=write_mappings, model=model)
 
+    sys.exit(0)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/entity.py b/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/entity.py
index 3f32c17..902c502 100644
--- a/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/entity.py
+++ b/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/entity.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import urllib.parse
 
 from typing import List, Dict
-from functools import cached_property
+from functools import lru_cache
 
 from sheet2linkml.terminologies.service import TerminologyService
 from sheet2linkml.model import ModelElement
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def attribute_rows(self) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
             if row.get(EntityWorksheet.COL_ATTRIBUTE_NAME) is not None
         ]
 
-    @cached_property
+    @property
     def attributes(self):
         """
         Returns a list of attributes in this entity. We construct this by wrapping the
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def to_markdown(self) -> str:
 
         return f"[{self.name} in sheet {self.worksheet.title}]({self.worksheet.url})"
 
-    @cached_property
+    @property
     def mappings(self) -> Mappings:
         """
         Returns the list of mappings for this entity.
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ def counts(self) -> (int, int):
 
         return min_count, max_count
 
-    @cached_property
+    @property
     def mappings(self) -> Mappings:
         """
         Returns the list of mappings for this attribute.
@@ -368,7 +368,9 @@ def as_linkml_enum(self) -> EnumDefinition:
             return None
 
         # Look up enumerations on the Terminology Service.
-        enum_info = self.terminology_service.get_enum_values_for_field(self.full_name)
+        enum_info = self.terminology_service.get_enum_values_for_field(
+            "CRDC-H", self.entity.name, self.name
+        )
         permissible_values = {}
         for pv in enum_info.get("permissible_values", []):
             text = pv.get("text")
diff --git a/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/enum.py b/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/enum.py
index 7995635..a83056a 100644
--- a/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/enum.py
+++ b/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/enum.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import re
 
 from typing import List, Dict
-from functools import cached_property
+from functools import lru_cache
 
 from linkml_runtime.linkml_model.meta import (
     SchemaDefinition,
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def to_markdown(self) -> str:
 
         return f"[{self.name} in sheet {self.worksheet.title}]({self.worksheet.url})"
 
-    @cached_property
+    @property
     def mappings(self) -> Mappings:
         """
         Returns the list of mappings for this enum.
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ def __str__(self):
 
         return f'{self.__class__.__name__} named "{self.name}" containing {len(self.row)} properties'
 
-    @cached_property
+    @property
     def mappings(self) -> Mappings:
         """
         Returns the list of mappings for this enum value.
diff --git a/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/gsheetmodel.py b/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/gsheetmodel.py
index 791329c..eca952e 100644
--- a/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/gsheetmodel.py
+++ b/sheet2linkml/source/gsheetmodel/gsheetmodel.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import logging
 
 from typing import List, Dict
-from functools import cached_property, lru_cache
+from functools import lru_cache
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 import pygsheets
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class that generically represents a single, coherent model, and then make GSheet
         "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly",
     ]
 
-    def __init__(self, google_sheet_oath2_credentials: str, google_sheet_id: str):
+    def __init__(self, google_sheet_client, google_sheet_id: str):
         """
         Create a new Google Sheet Model. This will create a model that uses the specified
         Google Sheet as an input.
@@ -52,9 +52,7 @@ def __init__(self, google_sheet_oath2_credentials: str, google_sheet_id: str):
         :param google_sheet_id: The Google Sheet ID containing the model.
         """
 
-        self.client = pygsheets.authorize(
-            client_secret=google_sheet_oath2_credentials, scopes=self.SCOPES
-        )
+        self.client = google_sheet_client
         self.sheet = self.client.open_by_key(google_sheet_id)
 
         # TODO: at some point, we should read the version number from the Google Sheets document... somehow.
@@ -102,8 +100,6 @@ def is_sheet_normative(worksheet: pygsheets.worksheet):
 
         return result
 
-    # Decorator that can save time when associated operation is periodically called with the same arguments.
-    @lru_cache
     def entity_worksheets(self) -> List[EntityWorksheet]:
         """
         A list of worksheets available in this model.
@@ -140,7 +136,6 @@ def entity_worksheets(self) -> List[EntityWorksheet]:
             for worksheet in entity_worksheets
         ]
 
-    @lru_cache
     def entities(self) -> List[Entity]:
         """
         :return: The list of entities in this model.
@@ -187,7 +182,7 @@ def enums_from_worksheets(self) -> List[Enum]:
             result.extend(worksheet.enums)
         return result
 
-    @cached_property
+    @property
     def mappings(self) -> List[Mappings.Mapping]:
         """Return a list of all the mappings in this LinkML document."""
         mappings = [
@@ -314,7 +309,7 @@ def as_linkml(self, root_uri) -> SchemaDefinition:
         )
 
         def fix_type_name(entity, dct, prop):
-            print(f"fix_type_name({entity}, {dct}, {prop})")
+            logging.debug(f"fix_type_name({entity}, {dct}, {prop})")
             value = dct[prop]
             if value is not None and value not in valid_types:
                 logging.warning(
diff --git a/sheet2linkml/terminologies/tccm/api.py b/sheet2linkml/terminologies/tccm/api.py
index 26d115e..659fa87 100644
--- a/sheet2linkml/terminologies/tccm/api.py
+++ b/sheet2linkml/terminologies/tccm/api.py
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ def __init__(self, base_url: str):
     # Decorator that can save time when associated operation is periodically called with the same arguments.
     # This is unlikely to change during a run and is quite expensive (since we download it from the network), so
     # we memoize it.
-    @lru_cache
-    def get_enum_values_for_field(self, field_name: str):
+    @lru_cache(256)
+    def get_enum_values_for_field(self, model: str, entity: str, attribute: str):
         """
         Returns information on the enum fields for a particular field.
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def get_enum_values_for_field(self, field_name: str):
         """
 
         # Construct the URL we need to access the enumeration information.
-        url = f"{self.base_url}/enumerations/{field_name}"
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/enumerations/{model}/{entity}/{attribute}"
         logging.debug(f"Querying TCCM for attribute info: {url}")
 
         # Query the URL.
@@ -40,7 +40,12 @@ def get_enum_values_for_field(self, field_name: str):
         response = requests.get(
             url, headers={"accept": "application/x-yaml"}, params={"value_only": "true"}
         )
-        if not response.ok:
+        if response.status_code == 404:
+            logging.debug(
+                f"Field not found on TCCM Terminology Service ({field_name}): {response}"
+            )
+            return {}
+        elif not response.ok:
             logging.debug(f"Error accessing TCCM Terminology Service: {response}")
             return {}
 
diff --git a/tests/test_command_line.py b/tests/test_command_line.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bb6085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_command_line.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""
+test_command_line.py: Test the command line interfaces of this program.
+"""
+import re
+import subprocess
+import logging
+import os
+
+
+def execute_sheet2linkml(args) -> (int, str, str):
+    """
+    Execute sheet2linkml as a command-line tool with the provided arguments.
+
+    :param args: A list of arguments to send to sheet2linkml
+    :return: A tuple containing the error code, captured STDOUT and captured STDERR respectively
+    """
+
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["sheet2linkml"] + args, capture_output=True, encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+
+    return result.returncode, result.stdout, result.stderr
+
+
+class TestCommandLine:
+    """
+    Test execution of the `sheet2linkml` script at the command line.
+    """
+
+    def test_help(self):
+        """
+        Test whether sheet2linkml accepts `--help` and provides useful information.
+        """
+        (errno, stdout, stderr) = execute_sheet2linkml(["--help"])
+
+        print(stderr)
+
+        assert errno == 0
+        assert "Usage: sheet2linkml" in stdout
+        assert "--help" in stdout
+        assert "Show this message and exit." in stdout
+        assert "ERROR" not in stderr
+
+    def test_execution(self, tmp_path):
+        """
+        Test whether sheet2linkml can be used to process a particular Google Sheet into LinkML, which is located at
+        https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit?usp=sharing
+        """
+
+        output_path = os.path.join(tmp_path, "schema.yaml")
+
+        print(f"Writing execution test output to '{output_path}'")
+
+        (errno, stdout, stderr) = execute_sheet2linkml(
+            [
+                "--google-sheet-id",
+                "1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I",
+                "-o",
+                output_path,
+            ]
+        )
+
+        print(stderr)
+        assert (
+            'INFO: Google Sheet loaded: GSheetModel with an underlying Google Sheet titled "Test schema for sheet2linkml" containing 8 worksheets'
+            in stderr
+        )
+        assert (
+            'INFO: Generating LinkML for GSheetModel with an underlying Google Sheet titled "Test schema for sheet2linkml" containing 8 worksheets'
+            in stderr
+        )
+        assert (
+            'INFO: Generating LinkML for Enum named Subject.breed from worksheet "O_CCDH Enums" containing 8 values'
+            in stderr
+        )
+
+        assert stdout == ""
+        assert errno == 0
+
+        assert os.path.exists(output_path)
+
+        # Ensure that we get the same output from sheet2linkml as we expected.
+        def make_schema_comparable(lines):
+            """
+            Some parts of the schema are not comparable, so we remove them before comparing them.
+            """
+
+            output = ""
+            for line in lines:
+                if line.startswith("generation_date:"):
+                    continue
+                if re.match("^\\s*code_set_version: ", line):
+                    continue
+                output += line
+
+            return output
+
+        dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+        with open(
+            os.path.join(
+                dirname,
+                "testing-schema-on-gsheet/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I.yaml",
+            ),
+            "r",
+        ) as f:
+            expected_schema = make_schema_comparable(f.readlines())
+
+        with open(output_path, "r") as f:
+            obtained_schema = make_schema_comparable(f.readlines())
+
+        assert obtained_schema != ""
+        assert obtained_schema == expected_schema
diff --git a/tests/testing-schema-on-gsheet/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I.yaml b/tests/testing-schema-on-gsheet/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d321b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/testing-schema-on-gsheet/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+name: CRDC-H
+notes:
+- Derived from [Test schema for sheet2linkml](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I)
+id: https://example.org/crdch
+imports:
+- linkml:types
+license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+prefixes:
+  linkml: https://w3id.org/linkml/
+  crdch: https://example.org/crdch/
+  NCIT: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_
+  GDC: http://example.org/gdc/
+  PDC: http://example.org/pdc/
+  ICDC: http://example.org/icdc/
+  HTAN: http://example.org/htan/
+default_prefix: crdch
+types:
+  crdch_string:
+    name: crdch_string
+    description: A sequence of Unicode characters.  There are no limits on the number
+      of characters in the string.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [crdch_string in sheet Primitives](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1915311830)
+    typeof: string
+  crdch_integer:
+    name: crdch_integer
+    description: An integer number.  This data type is based on the decimal type,
+      but the fractional component is not allowed.  There are no restrictions on the
+      size of the integer.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [crdch_integer in sheet Primitives](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1915311830)
+    typeof: integer
+  crdch_decimal:
+    name: crdch_decimal
+    description: A rational number that has a decimal representation.  This data type
+      does not restrict the size or precision of the number.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [crdch_decimal in sheet Primitives](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1915311830)
+    typeof: decimal
+  crdch_boolean:
+    name: crdch_boolean
+    description: "Value representing either \u201Ctrue\u201D or \u201Cfalse\u201D\
+      .  Permissible values (case-sensitive) = \u201Ctrue\u201D, \u201Cfalse\u201D\
+      , \u201C1\u201D, \u201C0\u201D."
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [crdch_boolean in sheet Primitives](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1915311830)
+    typeof: boolean
+  crdch_dateTime:
+    name: crdch_dateTime
+    description: A date and time string specified using a specialized concatenation
+      of the date and time data types, in the general format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss+zz:zz.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [crdch_dateTime in sheet Primitives](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1915311830)
+    typeof: datetime
+  crdch_curie:
+    name: crdch_curie
+    description: "A compact URI (CURIE), which is a bipartite identifier of the form\
+      \ prefix:reference, in which the prefix is a convenient abbreviation of a URI.\
+      \  It is expressed in the format \u201Cprefix:reference\u201D. When a mapping\
+      \ of prefix to base URI is provided (external to this data type), a CURIE may\
+      \ be mapped to a URI."
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [crdch_curie in sheet Primitives](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1915311830)
+    typeof: uriorcurie
+  crdch_code:
+    name: crdch_code
+    description: ''
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [crdch_code in sheet Primitives](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1915311830)
+    typeof: string
+enums:
+  enum_CRDCH_Subject_species:
+    name: enum_CRDCH_Subject_species
+    description: Autogenerated Enumeration for CRDC-H Subject species
+    comments:
+    - 'Name according to TCCM: "CRDC-H.Subject.species"'
+    code_set: https://terminology.ccdh.io/enumerations/CRDC-H.Subject.species
+    code_set_version: '2021-12-07T07:25:24.718897+00:00'
+  enum_CRDCH_Subject_breed:
+    name: enum_CRDCH_Subject_breed
+    description: A label given to a group of animals homogeneous in appearance and
+      other characteristics that distinguish it from other animals of the same species.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [Subject.breed in sheet O_CCDH Enums](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1251633595)
+    permissible_values:
+      Akita:
+        text: Akita
+        description: ''
+      American Staffordshire Terrier:
+        text: American Staffordshire Terrier
+        description: ''
+      Australian Shepherd:
+        text: Australian Shepherd
+        description: ''
+      Basset Hound:
+        text: Basset Hound
+        description: ''
+      Beagle:
+        text: Beagle
+        description: ''
+      Belgian Malinois:
+        text: Belgian Malinois
+        description: ''
+      Bernese Mountain Dog:
+        text: Bernese Mountain Dog
+        description: ''
+      Black and Tan Coonhound:
+        text: Black and Tan Coonhound
+        description: ''
+  enum_CRDCH_Subject_sex:
+    name: enum_CRDCH_Subject_sex
+    description: Autogenerated Enumeration for CRDC-H Subject sex
+    comments:
+    - 'Name according to TCCM: "CRDC-H.Subject.sex"'
+    code_set: https://terminology.ccdh.io/enumerations/CRDC-H.Subject.sex
+    code_set_version: '2021-12-07T07:25:25.116036+00:00'
+    permissible_values:
+      unspecified:
+        text: unspecified
+      unknown:
+        text: unknown
+      female:
+        text: female
+      male:
+        text: male
+      not reported:
+        text: not reported
+  enum_CRDCH_Subject_ethnicity:
+    name: enum_CRDCH_Subject_ethnicity
+    description: Autogenerated Enumeration for CRDC-H Subject ethnicity
+    comments:
+    - 'Name according to TCCM: "CRDC-H.Subject.ethnicity"'
+    code_set: https://terminology.ccdh.io/enumerations/CRDC-H.Subject.ethnicity
+    code_set_version: '2021-12-07T07:25:25.328531+00:00'
+    permissible_values:
+      hispanic or latino:
+        text: hispanic or latino
+      not reported:
+        text: not reported
+      Unknown:
+        text: Unknown
+        description: Unknown
+      not allowed to collect:
+        text: not allowed to collect
+      not hispanic or latino:
+        text: not hispanic or latino
+      unknown:
+        text: unknown
+  enum_CRDCH_Subject_race:
+    name: enum_CRDCH_Subject_race
+    description: Autogenerated Enumeration for CRDC-H Subject race
+    comments:
+    - 'Name according to TCCM: "CRDC-H.Subject.race"'
+    code_set: https://terminology.ccdh.io/enumerations/CRDC-H.Subject.race
+    code_set_version: '2021-12-07T07:25:25.535967+00:00'
+    permissible_values:
+      other:
+        text: other
+      american indian or alaska native:
+        text: american indian or alaska native
+      native hawaiian or other pacific islander:
+        text: native hawaiian or other pacific islander
+      asian:
+        text: asian
+      not reported:
+        text: not reported
+      not allowed to collect:
+        text: not allowed to collect
+      white:
+        text: white
+      Unknown:
+        text: Unknown
+        description: Unknown
+      black or african american:
+        text: black or african american
+      unknown:
+        text: unknown
+  enum_CRDCH_Subject_vital_status:
+    name: enum_CRDCH_Subject_vital_status
+    description: Autogenerated Enumeration for CRDC-H Subject vital_status
+    comments:
+    - 'Name according to TCCM: "CRDC-H.Subject.vital_status"'
+    code_set: https://terminology.ccdh.io/enumerations/CRDC-H.Subject.vital_status
+    code_set_version: '2021-12-07T07:25:25.758942+00:00'
+    permissible_values:
+      Unknown:
+        text: Unknown
+        description: Unknown
+      Not Reported:
+        text: Not Reported
+        description: Not Reported
+      Alive:
+        text: Alive
+        description: ALIVE
+      Dead:
+        text: Dead
+        description: DEAD
+  enum_CRDCH_Subject_cause_of_death:
+    name: enum_CRDCH_Subject_cause_of_death
+    description: Autogenerated Enumeration for CRDC-H Subject cause_of_death
+    comments:
+    - 'Name according to TCCM: "CRDC-H.Subject.cause_of_death"'
+    code_set: https://terminology.ccdh.io/enumerations/CRDC-H.Subject.cause_of_death
+    code_set_version: '2021-12-07T07:25:25.973650+00:00'
+    permissible_values:
+      Spinal Muscular Atrophy:
+        text: Spinal Muscular Atrophy
+        description: Spinal Muscular Atrophy
+      Not Cancer Related:
+        text: Not Cancer Related
+      Not Reported:
+        text: Not Reported
+        description: Not Reported
+      Cardiovascular Disorder, NOS:
+        text: Cardiovascular Disorder, NOS
+        description: Cardiovascular Disorder, NOS
+      Renal Disorder, NOS:
+        text: Renal Disorder, NOS
+        description: Renal Disorder, NOS
+      Surgical Complications:
+        text: Surgical Complications
+        description: Surgical Procedure Complication
+      Cancer Related:
+        text: Cancer Related
+      End-stage Renal Disease:
+        text: End-stage Renal Disease
+        description: Chronic Kidney Disease, Stage 5
+      Infection:
+        text: Infection
+        description: Infection
+      Toxicity:
+        text: Toxicity
+        description: Toxicity
+      Unknown:
+        text: Unknown
+        description: Unknown
+classes:
+  Subject:
+    name: Subject
+    description: Demographics and other administrative information about an individual
+      or animal receiving care or other health-related services.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [Subject in sheet Subject](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=79247765)
+    is_a: Entity
+    attributes:
+      id:
+        name: id
+        description: The 'logical' identifier of the entity within the system of record.  The
+          simple value of this attribute stands for an identifier of this data object
+          within the system, it can be used as a reference from other objects within
+          the same system (i.e. primary and foreign keys), and it should be unique
+          per type of object. The same data object copied to a different system will
+          likely have a different "id" in the new system since "id" values are system
+          specific and do not represent persistent business identifiers. Business
+          identifiers are assigned outside the information system and are captured
+          in the "identifier" field. The "id" field is more likely to be a serially
+          or randomly generated value that is assigned to the data object as it is
+          created in a system.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 1..1'
+        comments:
+        - 'FHIR naming conventions are followed here, where ''id'' is used for logical
+          identifiers, and ''identifier'' for business identifiers.   The identified
+          entity may have a different ''id'' in a different system, and have many
+          external business ''identifiers'' associated with it. If an "id" value can
+          also be considered to be a business identifier, and should be transmissible
+          to other systems, it should be duplicated in the "identifier" attribute
+          along with the additional metadata needed to give context to the value of
+          "id". An entity in this model that does not have an "id" field is considered
+          to be an embeddable entity that can not stand on its own. '
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: true
+      identifier:
+        name: identifier
+        exact_mappings:
+        - ICDC:Case.patient_id
+        description: A 'business' identifier or accession number for the entity, typically
+          as provided by an external system or authority, that are globally unique
+          and persist across implementing systems. Also, since these identifiers are
+          created outside the information system through a specific business process,
+          the Identifier type has additional attributes to capture this additional
+          metadata so the actual identifier values are qualified by the context that
+          created those values. This additional context allows "identifier" instances
+          to be transmitted as business data across systems while still being able
+          to trace them back to the system of origin.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..m'
+        comments:
+        - FHIR naming conventions are followed here, where 'id' is used for logical
+          identifiers which are unique only within a given system, and 'identifier'
+          for business identifiers, which are used to connect entities or share content
+          across systems.  The complex 'Identifier' data type is used  to capture
+          the identifier itself, along with metadata about its source.
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: true
+        inlined_as_list: true
+        range: Entity
+        required: false
+      species:
+        name: species
+        description: The scientific binomial name for the species of the subject (e.g.
+          Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, etc.)
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: Homo sapiens
+        - value: Canis familiaris
+        - value: Mus musculus
+        values_from: crdch:enum_CRDCH_Subject_species
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: CodeableConcept
+        required: false
+      breed:
+        name: breed
+        exact_mappings:
+        - ICDC:Demographic.breed
+        description: A label given to a group of animals homogeneous in appearance
+          and other characteristics that distinguish it from other animals of the
+          same species.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: Affenpinscher
+        - value: Afghan Hound
+        - value: Airedale Terrier
+        - value: Akita
+        values_from: crdch:enum_CRDCH_Subject_breed
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: CodeableConcept
+        required: false
+      sex:
+        name: sex
+        exact_mappings:
+        - ICDC:Demographic.sex
+        - GDC:Demographic.gender
+        - PDC:Demographic.gender
+        - HTAN:Demographics.Gender
+        description: The biologic character or quality that distinguishes male and
+          female from one another as expressed by analysis of the person's gonadal,
+          morphologic (internal and external), chromosomal, and hormonal characteristics.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: Female
+        - value: Intersex
+        - value: Male
+        - value: Not Reported
+        - value: Unknown
+        - value: Unspecified
+        values_from: crdch:enum_CRDCH_Subject_sex
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: CodeableConcept
+        required: false
+      ethnicity:
+        name: ethnicity
+        exact_mappings:
+        - GDC:Clinical.ethnicity
+        - GDC:Demographic.ethnicity
+        - PDC:Demographic.ethnicity
+        - HTAN:Demographics.Ethnicity
+        description: An individual's self-described social and cultural grouping,
+          specifically whether an individual describes themselves as Hispanic or Latino.
+          The provided values are based on the categories defined by the U.S. Office
+          of Management and Business and used by the U.S. Census Bureau
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        comments:
+        - Applicable only when Subject.species is Homo Sapiens
+        examples:
+        - value: Hispanic or Latino
+        - value: Not Allowed To Collect
+        - value: Not Hispanic or Latino
+        - value: Not Reported
+        - value: Unknown
+        values_from: crdch:enum_CRDCH_Subject_ethnicity
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: CodeableConcept
+        required: false
+      race:
+        name: race
+        exact_mappings:
+        - GDC:Clinical.race
+        - GDC:Demographic.race
+        - PDC:Demographic.race
+        - HTAN:Demographics.Race
+        description: An arbitrary classification of a taxonomic group that is a division
+          of a species. It usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation
+          within a species and is characterized by shared heredity, physical attributes
+          and behavior, and in the case of humans, by common history, nationality,
+          or geographic distribution. The provided values are based on the categories
+          defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Business and used by the U.S.
+          Census Bureau.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..m'
+        examples:
+        - value: American Indian or Alaska Native
+        - value: Asian
+        - value: Black or African American
+        - value: Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
+        - value: Not Allowed To Collect
+        - value: Not Reported
+        - value: Unknown
+        - value: White
+        values_from: crdch:enum_CRDCH_Subject_race
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: true
+        range: CodeableConcept
+        required: false
+      year_of_birth:
+        name: year_of_birth
+        exact_mappings:
+        - GDC:Demographic.year_of_birth
+        - PDC:Demographic.year_of_birth
+        - ICDC:Demographic.date_of_birth
+        - HTAN:Demographics.YearOfBirth
+        description: Numeric value to represent the calendar year in which an individual
+          was born.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        comments:
+        - Applicable only when Subject.species is Homo Sapiens
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_integer
+        required: false
+      vital_status:
+        name: vital_status
+        exact_mappings:
+        - GDC:Demographic.vital_status
+        - PDC:Demographic.vital_status
+        - HTAN:Demographics.VitalStatus
+        description: Coded value indicating the state or condition of being living
+          or deceased; also includes the case where the vital status is unknown.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: Alive
+        - value: Dead
+        - value: Unknown
+        - value: Not Reported
+        values_from: crdch:enum_CRDCH_Subject_vital_status
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: CodeableConcept
+        required: false
+      age_at_death:
+        name: age_at_death
+        close_mappings:
+        - GDC:Demographic.days_to_death
+        - PDC:Demographic.days_to_death
+        description: The age of an individual at the time of death, expressed in days
+          since birth
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: Entity
+        required: false
+      year_of_death:
+        name: year_of_death
+        exact_mappings:
+        - GDC:Demographic.year_of_death
+        - PDC:Demographic.year_of_death
+        description: Numeric value to represent the calendar year in which an individual
+          died.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_integer
+        required: false
+      cause_of_death:
+        name: cause_of_death
+        exact_mappings:
+        - GDC:Demographic.cause_of_death
+        - PDC:Demographic.cause_of_death
+        description: Coded value indicating the circumstance or condition that results
+          in the death of the subject.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: Cancer Related
+        - value: Cardiovascular Disorder, NOS
+        - value: End-stage Renal Disease
+        - value: ''
+        values_from: crdch:enum_CRDCH_Subject_cause_of_death
+        domain: Subject
+        multivalued: false
+        range: CodeableConcept
+        required: false
+  CodeableConcept:
+    name: CodeableConcept
+    description: A representation of a concept that may be defined by or mapped to
+      one or more codes in code systems (terminologies, ontologies, dictionaries,
+      code sets, etc) - but may also be defined by the provision of text.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [CodeableConcept in sheet CodeableConcept](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=696864465)
+    comments:
+    - 'More than one code may be used in CodeableConcept. The concept may be coded
+      multiple times in different code systems (or even multiple times in the same
+      code systems, where multiple forms are possible). Each Coding is a representation
+      of the concept as described above and may have slightly different granularity
+      due to the differences in the definitions of the underlying codes. There is
+      no meaning associated with the ordering of Coding within a CodeableConcept.
+      A typical use of CodeableConcept is to send the local code that the concept
+      was coded with, and also one or more translations to publicly defined code systems
+      such as LOINC or SNOMED CT. '
+    is_a: Entity
+    attributes:
+      coding:
+        name: coding
+        description: A reference to a code defined by a terminology system
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..m'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: CodeableConcept
+        multivalued: true
+        inlined_as_list: true
+        range: Coding
+        required: false
+      text:
+        name: text
+        description: A human language representation of the concept represented by
+          the Coding.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        comments:
+        - 'The text attribute represents the concept as entered or chosen by the user;
+          often the value of text is the same as a display of one of the codings.  A
+          concept that does not have an appropriate or known coding can be represented
+          using free-text in the text attribute. '
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: CodeableConcept
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: false
+  Coding:
+    name: Coding
+    description: A structured representation of a coded/enumerated data value, that
+      includes additional metadata about the code and code system.
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [Coding in sheet Coding](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=964403102)
+    is_a: Entity
+    attributes:
+      code:
+        name: code
+        description: The symbol/value of the code, as defined by the code system.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 1..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Coding
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: true
+      label:
+        name: label
+        description: A human-readable name for the code, as defined by the code system.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Coding
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: false
+      system:
+        name: system
+        description: The URL of the code system where the code is defined.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 1..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Coding
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: true
+      system_version:
+        name: system_version
+        description: The version of the code system.
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Coding
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: false
+      value_set:
+        name: value_set
+        description: The identifier of the enumeration / value set that the code is
+          a part of in the context of this element
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Coding
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: false
+      value_set_version:
+        name: value_set_version
+        description: The version of the enuemration / value set the code is pulled
+          from
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..1'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Coding
+        multivalued: false
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: false
+      tag:
+        name: tag
+        description: original value  |  harmonized value  |
+        notes:
+        - 'Cardinality: 0..m'
+        examples:
+        - value: ''
+        domain: Coding
+        multivalued: true
+        inlined_as_list: true
+        range: crdch_string
+        required: false
+  Entity:
+    name: Entity
+    description: Any resource that has its own identifier
+    notes:
+    - Derived from [Entity in sheet Entity](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HpsF12vl_CeIzV2TEtANeysnh7cy6YOUDdv6fMXT00I/edit#gid=1810442705)
+generation_date: '2021-12-07T07:25:23.360980+00:00'