diff --git a/sdk/trace/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/samplers/AdaptiveSampler.java b/sdk/trace/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/samplers/AdaptiveSampler.java
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/sdk/trace/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/samplers/AdaptiveSampler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+package io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.samplers;
+
+import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.SpanKind;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.TraceState;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.data.LinkData;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.Immutable;
+
+/**
+ * Adaptive sampler that given a trace id ratio, also uses the upcoming service data to try to
+ * balance the count of traces kept for each service, based on a specific time cycle.
+ *
+ * <p>This is done by keeping track of: 1) Entire population count. 2) Each service's population
+ * count. 3) Each services's sampled count.
+ *
+ * <p>With the information above, it is possible to know whether, in the current cycle, a trace has
+ * been sufficiently represented or not, and can thus be kept or dropped.
+ */
+@Immutable
+final class AdaptiveSampler implements Sampler {
+  private static final int CYCLE_DURATION_MS = 1000;
+  private static final String OT_ENTRY_KEY = "ot";
+  private static final String PEER_SERVICE_KEY = "us";
+
+  Map<String, PeerServiceEntry> peerServiceEntries = new HashMap<String, PeerServiceEntry>();
+  long nextDeadline;
+  long totalPopulationCount;
+  long totalSampledCount;
+  final TraceIdRatioBasedSampler probabilitySampler;
+  final Object lock = new Object();
+
+  public Sampler create(double ratio) {
+    return new AdaptiveSampler(ratio);
+  }
+
+  AdaptiveSampler(double ratio) {
+    this.probabilitySampler = TraceIdRatioBasedSampler.create(ratio);
+  }
+
+  static final class PeerServiceEntry {
+    int populationCount;
+    int sampledCount;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SamplingResult shouldSample(
+      Context parentContext,
+      String traceId,
+      String name,
+      SpanKind spanKind,
+      Attributes attributes,
+      List<LinkData> parentLinks) {
+
+    String peerService = getPeerFromContext(parentContext);
+    SamplingResult samplingResult =
+        probabilitySampler.shouldSample(
+            parentContext, traceId, name, spanKind, attributes, parentLinks);
+
+    long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    synchronized (lock) {
+      if (currentTimeMillis >= nextDeadline) {
+        nextDeadline = currentTimeMillis + CYCLE_DURATION_MS;
+        totalPopulationCount = 0;
+        totalSampledCount = 0;
+        for (PeerServiceEntry entry : peerServiceEntries.values()) {
+          entry.populationCount = 0;
+          entry.sampledCount = 0;
+        }
+      }
+
+      PeerServiceEntry entry = peerServiceEntries.get(peerService);
+      if (entry == null) {
+        entry = new PeerServiceEntry();
+        peerServiceEntries.put(peerService, entry);
+      }
+      totalPopulationCount++;
+      entry.populationCount++;
+
+      boolean sampled = samplingResult.getDecision() == SamplingDecision.RECORD_AND_SAMPLE;
+
+      if (sampled) {
+        if (totalSampledCount == 0 // provide a sampling 'seed' and prevent totalSampledCount == 0
+            || (entry.populationCount / totalPopulationCount)
+                >= (entry.sampledCount / totalSampledCount)) {
+          entry.sampledCount++;
+          totalSampledCount++;
+          return samplingResult;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // FIXME: Properly handle SamplingDecision.RECORD.
+      return SamplingResult.drop();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getDescription() {
+    return probabilitySampler.getDescription();
+  }
+
+  static String getPeerFromContext(Context parentContext) {
+    TraceState ts = Span.fromContext(parentContext).getSpanContext().getTraceState();
+    String otEntry = ts.get(OT_ENTRY_KEY);
+
+    if (otEntry != null && otEntry.length() > 0) {
+      for (String otSubEntry : otEntry.split(";")) {
+        String[] parts = otSubEntry.split(":");
+        if (parts.length == 2 && PEER_SERVICE_KEY.equals(parts[0])) {
+          return parts[1];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Like semconv, use this term to group requests without peer service.
+    return "unknown_service";
+  }
+}