From 85b63b01031fc49bffba0e4ca9b548764ab96f73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Sat, 13 May 2023 01:44:02 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 01/58] [EN] New Term- Runtime Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+) create mode 100644 content/en/runtime.md diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..309155c2fc --- /dev/null +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +--- +title: Runtime +status: Feedback Appreciated +category: concept +--- + +## What it is + +In cloud-native computing, "runtime" refers to the environment where applications or services run. It includes the necessary components and resources to make software work in a cloud-native setup. + +## Problem it addresses + +Traditional software applications often faced challenges when being deployed and executed in distributed environments, such as cloud platforms. These challenges include managing dependencies, scaling resources, handling failures, and ensuring consistent behavior across different environments. + + +## How it helps + +Runtime in cloud-native computing helps address these challenges by providing a standardized and containerized execution environment. It abstracts away the underlying infrastructure details, enabling applications to be deployed and run consistently across different cloud platforms or environments. The runtime environment includes features like container orchestration, automatic scaling, service discovery, and fault tolerance, which simplify the deployment, management, and scaling of applications. + +By leveraging a cloud-native runtime, developers can focus on building and shipping applications without worrying about the specific infrastructure details. It provides portability, scalability, and resilience, allowing applications to dynamically adapt to changing conditions and handle increased workloads efficiently. + + +## Related terms + +- [Cloud Native](https://glossary.cncf.io/cloud-native-apps/) +- [Containerization](https://glossary.cncf.io/containerization/) +- [Container Orchestration](https://glossary.cncf.io/container-orchestration/) +- [Microservices Architecture](https://glossary.cncf.io/microservices-architecture/) From 38f16b4b5e2ae641327695b4f61043625dcaad80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Sat, 27 May 2023 01:27:12 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 02/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 309155c2fc..ab9c06b165 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ category: concept ## What it is -In cloud-native computing, "runtime" refers to the environment where applications or services run. It includes the necessary components and resources to make software work in a cloud-native setup. +In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, runtime refers to the environment where applications or services run. It includes the necessary components and resources to make software work in a cloud native setup. ## Problem it addresses From 92549ac0c23786d618c1edf2994b7c885a605efe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Sat, 27 May 2023 01:27:20 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 03/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index ab9c06b165..21eb9f1aae 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, runtime refers to the environm ## Problem it addresses -Traditional software applications often faced challenges when being deployed and executed in distributed environments, such as cloud platforms. These challenges include managing dependencies, scaling resources, handling failures, and ensuring consistent behavior across different environments. +Traditional software applications often face challenges when deployed and executed in distributed environments like cloud platforms. +These challenges include managing dependencies, scaling resources, handling failures, and ensuring consistent behavior across different environments. ## How it helps From 649a456d4a521546aa3991923726c0c38dd46eef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Sat, 27 May 2023 01:27:39 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 04/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 21eb9f1aae..b3f5c45f3a 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ These challenges include managing dependencies, scaling resources, handling fail ## How it helps -Runtime in cloud-native computing helps address these challenges by providing a standardized and containerized execution environment. It abstracts away the underlying infrastructure details, enabling applications to be deployed and run consistently across different cloud platforms or environments. The runtime environment includes features like container orchestration, automatic scaling, service discovery, and fault tolerance, which simplify the deployment, management, and scaling of applications. +Runtime helps address these challenges by providing a standardized and containerized execution environment. +It [abstracts](/abstraction/) away the underlying infrastructure details, enabling applications to be deployed and run consistently across different cloud platforms or environments. +The runtime environment includes features like [container orchestration](container-orchestration/), automatic [scaling](/auto-scaling/), service discovery, and fault tolerance, simplifying the deployment, management, and scaling of applications. By leveraging a cloud-native runtime, developers can focus on building and shipping applications without worrying about the specific infrastructure details. It provides portability, scalability, and resilience, allowing applications to dynamically adapt to changing conditions and handle increased workloads efficiently. From 479bb7bb4ae9273f6dfbd92ccfa9a49068640f2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Sat, 27 May 2023 01:27:47 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 05/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index b3f5c45f3a..a54fa80f4a 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ Runtime helps address these challenges by providing a standardized and container It [abstracts](/abstraction/) away the underlying infrastructure details, enabling applications to be deployed and run consistently across different cloud platforms or environments. The runtime environment includes features like [container orchestration](container-orchestration/), automatic [scaling](/auto-scaling/), service discovery, and fault tolerance, simplifying the deployment, management, and scaling of applications. -By leveraging a cloud-native runtime, developers can focus on building and shipping applications without worrying about the specific infrastructure details. It provides portability, scalability, and resilience, allowing applications to dynamically adapt to changing conditions and handle increased workloads efficiently. +A runtime allows developers to focus on building and shipping applications without worrying about specific infrastructure details. +It provides [portability](/portability/), scalability, and resilience, allowing applications to dynamically adapt to changing conditions and handle increased workloads efficiently. ## Related terms From 81480b437f05c753c30e7d070b2677477394953c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 09:34:12 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 06/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W. Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index a54fa80f4a..6efc339700 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ category: concept ## What it is -In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, runtime refers to the environment where applications or services run. It includes the necessary components and resources to make software work in a cloud native setup. +In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, runtime refers to the environment where applications or services operate. It includes the necessary components and resources to make software work in a cloud native setup. ## Problem it addresses From 9774cfee61c9d02913348482e83e16d099c0dac6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 09:34:47 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 07/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W. Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 6efc339700..16ea1cf2c9 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ These challenges include managing dependencies, scaling resources, handling fail Runtime helps address these challenges by providing a standardized and containerized execution environment. It [abstracts](/abstraction/) away the underlying infrastructure details, enabling applications to be deployed and run consistently across different cloud platforms or environments. -The runtime environment includes features like [container orchestration](container-orchestration/), automatic [scaling](/auto-scaling/), service discovery, and fault tolerance, simplifying the deployment, management, and scaling of applications. +The runtime environment includes features like [container orchestration](container-orchestration/), automatic [scaling](/auto-scaling/), service discovery, and fault tolerance, simplifying application deployment, management, and scaling. A runtime allows developers to focus on building and shipping applications without worrying about specific infrastructure details. It provides [portability](/portability/), scalability, and resilience, allowing applications to dynamically adapt to changing conditions and handle increased workloads efficiently. From b080aafe4e76ee6d616a6db0b8b1c0442c8503bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 09:42:35 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 08/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 16ea1cf2c9..3ddaf766a6 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ title: Runtime status: Feedback Appreciated category: concept +tags: ["application", "", ""] --- ## What it is From 7a31169f303d39e15cb8445665b1ce1d5248e4d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 00:01:08 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 09/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 3ddaf766a6..da470a6280 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] ## What it is -In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, runtime refers to the environment where applications or services operate. It includes the necessary components and resources to make software work in a cloud native setup. +A runtime in general is something that executes a piece of software. +It can be seen as an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the commands of the program into respective actions on the operating system level. +In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. +The container runtime is that piece of Kubernetes that knows and takes care of how to run containers. ## Problem it addresses From 4a927fc824ea5c8eafe1e0d7f619ca8e7756b660 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2023 00:01:20 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 10/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W. Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index da470a6280..c4707f0030 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ These challenges include managing dependencies, scaling resources, handling fail ## How it helps -Runtime helps address these challenges by providing a standardized and containerized execution environment. +Runtime, as a containerized execution environment, helps address these challenges. It [abstracts](/abstraction/) away the underlying infrastructure details, enabling applications to be deployed and run consistently across different cloud platforms or environments. The runtime environment includes features like [container orchestration](container-orchestration/), automatic [scaling](/auto-scaling/), service discovery, and fault tolerance, simplifying application deployment, management, and scaling. From b3dbdb2257f6803254833ae89fd6d85aed119e01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2023 15:10:25 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 11/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Jorge O. Castro Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 23 +++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index c4707f0030..f353559e47 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -9,23 +9,26 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] A runtime in general is something that executes a piece of software. It can be seen as an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the commands of the program into respective actions on the operating system level. -In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. -The container runtime is that piece of Kubernetes that knows and takes care of how to run containers. + +In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Inititative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent consumption around the ecosystem. This includes the container image specification, the method in which the runtime can retrieve an image, and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. + +Container runtimes read the specification [configuration files](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#configuration) from a [bundle](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#bundle), and use that information to create a [container](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#container), launches a process inside the container, and performs other [lifecycle actions](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/runtime.md). + +Common runtimes include containerd, CRI-O, Docker, Firecracker, gVisor, lxd, Podman, and runc. + +cgroups, etc. ## Problem it addresses -Traditional software applications often face challenges when deployed and executed in distributed environments like cloud platforms. -These challenges include managing dependencies, scaling resources, handling failures, and ensuring consistent behavior across different environments. - +Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. User-facing features such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc. are handled by the orchestrator or some other high level tool that interfaces with the runtime. ## How it helps -Runtime, as a containerized execution environment, helps address these challenges. -It [abstracts](/abstraction/) away the underlying infrastructure details, enabling applications to be deployed and run consistently across different cloud platforms or environments. -The runtime environment includes features like [container orchestration](container-orchestration/), automatic [scaling](/auto-scaling/), service discovery, and fault tolerance, simplifying application deployment, management, and scaling. +The container runtimes are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Many runtimes, like LXC, LMCTFY, and rkt predate the creation of the OCI Specification. Over time the OCI Specification has become the standard for container runtimes. + +This allows a diverse set of container runtimes to be used with different tools. For example Kubernetes can use OCI compliant runtimes via it's container runtime interface, giving end users the flexibility of using a specific runtime. + -A runtime allows developers to focus on building and shipping applications without worrying about specific infrastructure details. -It provides [portability](/portability/), scalability, and resilience, allowing applications to dynamically adapt to changing conditions and handle increased workloads efficiently. ## Related terms From e1074b9c8c6f7211d008c50054354c8a84dc416e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 10:14:16 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 12/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index f353559e47..ebfdf31bcd 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] A runtime in general is something that executes a piece of software. It can be seen as an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the commands of the program into respective actions on the operating system level. -In [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/) computing, when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Inititative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent consumption around the ecosystem. This includes the container image specification, the method in which the runtime can retrieve an image, and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. +In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. +A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Inititative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. +This includes the container image specification, the method in which the runtime can retrieve an image, +and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. +These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. Container runtimes read the specification [configuration files](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#configuration) from a [bundle](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#bundle), and use that information to create a [container](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#container), launches a process inside the container, and performs other [lifecycle actions](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/runtime.md). From 95e6a5389ba05fcbf778e5e13523e29b1b91ef6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 10:14:31 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 13/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index ebfdf31bcd..efa40bd30e 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ Container runtimes read the specification [configuration files](https://github.c Common runtimes include containerd, CRI-O, Docker, Firecracker, gVisor, lxd, Podman, and runc. -cgroups, etc. ## Problem it addresses From ec6ce41da9d1a79847e2ab004312c20f3dfb51da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 10:14:54 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 14/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index efa40bd30e..894238e62b 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -27,7 +27,10 @@ Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as ## How it helps -The container runtimes are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Many runtimes, like LXC, LMCTFY, and rkt predate the creation of the OCI Specification. Over time the OCI Specification has become the standard for container runtimes. +Container runtimes help to address this by taking of all those low level actions for us, +thus they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. +Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, +which became the standard for container runtimes. This allows a diverse set of container runtimes to be used with different tools. For example Kubernetes can use OCI compliant runtimes via it's container runtime interface, giving end users the flexibility of using a specific runtime. From 6336832fe64d62b9ad899d6b6d694757c8c6bbf2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 10:15:06 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 15/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 894238e62b..d9d7956384 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ thus they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. -This allows a diverse set of container runtimes to be used with different tools. For example Kubernetes can use OCI compliant runtimes via it's container runtime interface, giving end users the flexibility of using a specific runtime. +This gives end users the flexibility of using a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, +as long as they use a product that can use OCI compliant container runtimes (like Kubernetes) +and a specific container runtime that actually is OCI compliant. From 22cd1cd4a5b740cb440b4899ca670b0b836675ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 10:16:24 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 16/58] fix: cut out examples Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 -- 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index d9d7956384..1b653ed5a7 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide Container runtimes read the specification [configuration files](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#configuration) from a [bundle](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#bundle), and use that information to create a [container](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#container), launches a process inside the container, and performs other [lifecycle actions](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/runtime.md). -Common runtimes include containerd, CRI-O, Docker, Firecracker, gVisor, lxd, Podman, and runc. - ## Problem it addresses From 7f1dd8ce2a8c01bfb682974ecbdae64390bc0cd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 10:24:43 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 17/58] fix: add section on the problem it addresses Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 5 ++--- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 1b653ed5a7..573c5fc058 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -16,13 +16,12 @@ This includes the container image specification, the method in which the runtime and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. -Container runtimes read the specification [configuration files](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#configuration) from a [bundle](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#bundle), and use that information to create a [container](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/glossary.md#container), launches a process inside the container, and performs other [lifecycle actions](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/main/runtime.md). - - ## Problem it addresses Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. User-facing features such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc. are handled by the orchestrator or some other high level tool that interfaces with the runtime. +Without a container runtime the user would have to manually handle container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. The container runtime acts an abstraction layer for these features. + ## How it helps Container runtimes help to address this by taking of all those low level actions for us, From 90d236ec4b6d8decaadda7109b143a1777a9bc8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 19:35:23 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 18/58] Update runtime.md removed empty lines Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 3 --- 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 573c5fc058..ee709afe12 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -33,9 +33,6 @@ This gives end users the flexibility of using a specific container runtime that as long as they use a product that can use OCI compliant container runtimes (like Kubernetes) and a specific container runtime that actually is OCI compliant. - - - ## Related terms - [Cloud Native](https://glossary.cncf.io/cloud-native-apps/) From 242fd3884a5dd83e1d12d8a9114d44dcd6e4dfd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 19:35:42 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 19/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index ee709afe12..d77002b067 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide ## Problem it addresses -Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. User-facing features such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc. are handled by the orchestrator or some other high level tool that interfaces with the runtime. +Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. +The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. +User-facing features such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc. are handled by the orchestrator or some other high level tool that interfaces with the runtime. Without a container runtime the user would have to manually handle container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. The container runtime acts an abstraction layer for these features. From 95668fbf5b283ad4e9f2114fac169fb6cbd29c4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 19:35:50 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 20/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index d77002b067..ba883e494d 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. User-facing features such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc. are handled by the orchestrator or some other high level tool that interfaces with the runtime. -Without a container runtime the user would have to manually handle container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. The container runtime acts an abstraction layer for these features. +Without a container runtime the user would have to manually handle container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. +The container runtime acts an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps From 99fea9402519feba92f76abe10e78d32d6fb74bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:05:38 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 21/58] Update runtime.md Fix spelling, the rest depends on this landing: https://github.com/cncf/glossary/pull/2244 Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index ba883e494d..dcc012c886 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ A runtime in general is something that executes a piece of software. It can be seen as an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the commands of the program into respective actions on the operating system level. In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. -A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Inititative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. +A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. This includes the container image specification, the method in which the runtime can retrieve an image, and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. From 7e5801671fa63a992b793006fc00dd3fc0b997ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:40:26 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 22/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index dcc012c886..a0f36e1501 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ thus they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. -This gives end users the flexibility of using a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, +This allows end users to use a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, as long as they use a product that can use OCI compliant container runtimes (like Kubernetes) and a specific container runtime that actually is OCI compliant. From 17bb0d9c12aba389d74492275d951e57185bd851 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:40:37 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 23/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index a0f36e1501..30fb357d70 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] ## What it is -A runtime in general is something that executes a piece of software. +A runtime, in general, is something that executes a piece of software. It can be seen as an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the commands of the program into respective actions on the operating system level. In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. From e46b2d1d29f8941cd8903c5bbb1a1e7bad71ac1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:40:46 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 24/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 30fb357d70..db70e62668 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] ## What it is A runtime, in general, is something that executes a piece of software. -It can be seen as an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the commands of the program into respective actions on the operating system level. +It is an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the program's commands into respective actions on the operating system level. In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. From 062d91a7c2d16db0ec3ef2267881e13668169124 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:40:59 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 25/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index db70e62668..10880845d2 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ which became the standard for container runtimes. This allows end users to use a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, as long as they use a product that can use OCI compliant container runtimes (like Kubernetes) -and a specific container runtime that actually is OCI compliant. +and a specific container runtime that is OCI-compliant. ## Related terms From ce634c4353b68e2143485b2578a552192d569833 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:41:08 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 26/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 10880845d2..415fdeaaa1 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Speci which became the standard for container runtimes. This allows end users to use a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, -as long as they use a product that can use OCI compliant container runtimes (like Kubernetes) +as long as they use a product that can use OCI-compliant container runtimes (like Kubernetes) and a specific container runtime that is OCI-compliant. ## Related terms From 6506d02d511a450bafc70026a13181b5b1dc23ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:41:18 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 27/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 415fdeaaa1..23d3604f1b 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. User-facing features such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc. are handled by the orchestrator or some other high level tool that interfaces with the runtime. Without a container runtime the user would have to manually handle container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. -The container runtime acts an abstraction layer for these features. +The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps From c2a4b1e221e2da907a1a7d59692be4e9cf1970f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:41:27 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 28/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 23d3604f1b..4522a19aff 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] A runtime, in general, is something that executes a piece of software. It is an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the program's commands into respective actions on the operating system level. -In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), when we talk about the runtime we refer to the container runtime. +In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), we refer to the container runtime when we talk about the _runtime_. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. This includes the container image specification, the method in which the runtime can retrieve an image, and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. From c5757f9425aca4ee3b76bd1a5168be50463ee763 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:41:39 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 29/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 4522a19aff..79c16909f6 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ It is an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to transl In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), we refer to the container runtime when we talk about the _runtime_. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. -This includes the container image specification, the method in which the runtime can retrieve an image, +This includes the container image specification, the method by which the runtime can retrieve an image, and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. From 9aed3ac8f60cb7d85ccd01ca3c00dea06d7288e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:41:48 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 30/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 79c16909f6..978de0c592 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. -User-facing features such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc. are handled by the orchestrator or some other high level tool that interfaces with the runtime. +User-facing features, such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc., are managed by the orchestrator or some other high-level tool that interfaces with the runtime. Without a container runtime the user would have to manually handle container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. From d11f3c580145ad5ecc0ac1670cbf92167eea68b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:41:58 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 31/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 978de0c592..ad479c8597 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. User-facing features, such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc., are managed by the orchestrator or some other high-level tool that interfaces with the runtime. -Without a container runtime the user would have to manually handle container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. +Without a container runtime, the user would have to manually handle the container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps From 7cca008cb97adf4fa3d2dcef6b13868349203018 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jorge O. Castro" Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2023 15:04:12 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 32/58] add cgroups, namespaces, and orchestrator to wordlist Signed-off-by: Jorge O. Castro --- wordlist.txt | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/wordlist.txt b/wordlist.txt index 33778f283f..53d4a71a84 100644 --- a/wordlist.txt +++ b/wordlist.txt @@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ cd cdn changelog chatbot +cgroup +cgroups cio cka ckad @@ -131,12 +133,15 @@ mkdn mtls multitenancy multitenant +namespace +namespaces navbar observability oci oliveira opencontainers orchestrator +orchestrators overdemand overprivileged paas From bd2f597923688db6176b2914c5ab404447dc0345 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nate W Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2023 06:35:53 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 33/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Signed-off-by: Nate W --- content/en/runtime.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index ad479c8597..a7430ce65f 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps -Container runtimes help to address this by taking of all those low level actions for us, -thus they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. +Container runtimes help to address this by taking care of all those low-level actions for us; +thus, they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. From 5f94f1042f502c1487da858c8cd59c329d6467e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nate W Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2023 16:40:50 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 34/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Nate W --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index a7430ce65f..fb05eb0c3f 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] ## What it is -A runtime, in general, is something that executes a piece of software. +A runtime, in general, executes a piece of software. It is an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the program's commands into respective actions on the operating system level. In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), we refer to the container runtime when we talk about the _runtime_. From 4943cc7ae9abe55817805d8b5819b2db72e8c10e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nate W Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2023 16:50:48 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 35/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Nate W --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index fb05eb0c3f..466dbf67d9 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] A runtime, in general, executes a piece of software. It is an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the program's commands into respective actions on the operating system level. -In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), we refer to the container runtime when we talk about the _runtime_. +In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. This includes the container image specification, the method by which the runtime can retrieve an image, and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. From 21f99f02948141a3b3f645ddd12150c42b2da0b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2023 10:16:08 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 36/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Nate W Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 466dbf67d9..45319399e4 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags: ["application", "", ""] ## What it is A runtime, in general, executes a piece of software. -It is an abstraction of the underlying operating system that knows how to translate the program's commands into respective actions on the operating system level. +It is an [abstraction](/abstraction/) of the underlying operating system that translates the program's commands into respective actions for the operating system. In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. From f4448da4c0fd7279f323e2a6c2f0db4bd51db756 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2023 19:45:42 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 37/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 45319399e4..d16faa78e7 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. -User-facing features, such as scaling and service discovery, fault tolerance, etc., are managed by the orchestrator or some other high-level tool that interfaces with the runtime. Without a container runtime, the user would have to manually handle the container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. From 4fcd07fbe7cbaa9149f1e9c4c7ec90ba8b7ba0cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 20:57:18 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 38/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index d16faa78e7..f719d58289 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ It is an [abstraction](/abstraction/) of the underlying operating system that tr In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. -This includes the container image specification, the method by which the runtime can retrieve an image, +This includes container image specifications, how the runtime can retrieve images, and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. From 4cd32d954d919fe3a372a713b1413b2a22678223 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:02:25 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 39/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index f719d58289..f0a4dc22fb 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ It is an [abstraction](/abstraction/) of the underlying operating system that tr In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. This includes container image specifications, how the runtime can retrieve images, -and how that image is unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. +and how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. ## Problem it addresses From 3b2b3c18416a114418705aa96a76b6313f1cdf00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:02:39 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 40/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index f0a4dc22fb..4876bc9bae 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide ## Problem it addresses -Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. Without a container runtime, the user would have to manually handle the container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. From 7e998af913629b85a81d0c4a2150f2b61f242bf7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:02:48 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 41/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 4876bc9bae..850032549f 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide ## Problem it addresses -The runtime is scoped to only handle the lifecycle of the containers. Without a container runtime, the user would have to manually handle the container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. From 60764f1120a05daa6008ec164a8631f314371572 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:13:36 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 42/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 850032549f..6bac14a172 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Speci which became the standard for container runtimes. This allows end users to use a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, -as long as they use a product that can use OCI-compliant container runtimes (like Kubernetes) and a specific container runtime that is OCI-compliant. ## Related terms From c7828d2da09486e12bb019241f97e6602a72a800 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:13:45 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 43/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 6bac14a172..84c7d281ee 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps -Container runtimes help to address this by taking care of all those low-level actions for us; +Runtimes also manage hardware resources and automate [??], taking care of all these operating system-level actions. thus, they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. From 7e5d3a0078f182c8074db8eb84de24709aaefb38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:14:04 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 44/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 84c7d281ee..73b424fb01 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Speci which became the standard for container runtimes. This allows end users to use a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, -and a specific container runtime that is OCI-compliant. ## Related terms From d47f4daf1c928f77580ccca144bdc9ad8a677e0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:14:24 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 45/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 73b424fb01..b2303cc1b4 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ thus, they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. -This allows end users to use a specific container runtime that suits their needs best, +Introducing this standard allows end users to combine any OCI-compliant runtime with any OCI-compliant container orchestrator (like Kubernetes). ## Related terms From 4d8793580a409f3b302aefc1e7caf2271cf4119f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akshat Sharma Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2023 21:14:37 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 46/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Akshat Sharma --- content/en/runtime.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index b2303cc1b4..4654c6f68c 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ Without a container runtime, the user would have to manually handle the containe The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps - +Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. +They handle the container lifecycle, meaning X, Y, and Z. Runtimes also manage hardware resources and automate [??], taking care of all these operating system-level actions. thus, they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, From b407324f44ecfdc432510bffc8374c929edf4c36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 11:45:48 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 47/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 4654c6f68c..c83e6bf8e5 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide ## Problem it addresses -Without a container runtime, the user would have to manually handle the container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources. +Without the abstraction of a container runtime, the application would have to deal with all the mechanics of each operating system, increasing the complexity of running the app. The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps From 9e75b3716c7d846c238d36c597425b32e29c2aae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 11:46:04 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 48/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index c83e6bf8e5..e84921b870 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide Without the abstraction of a container runtime, the application would have to deal with all the mechanics of each operating system, increasing the complexity of running the app. -The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features. ## How it helps Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. From 6da0d13ddd7da44239ce4d8498522e3f96a2cacb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 11:46:29 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 49/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index e84921b870..38eb609152 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refer A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. This includes container image specifications, how the runtime can retrieve images, and how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. -These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers. ## Problem it addresses From d4a3f65c05607d990380f38fb6962bb4ac943879 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 09:27:05 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 50/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 38eb609152..faeb8a25d5 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ It is an [abstraction](/abstraction/) of the underlying operating system that tr In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. -This includes container image specifications, how the runtime can retrieve images, and how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. ## Problem it addresses From c9540757bf9405eb41bf040bc06e54295ff74e36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 09:27:27 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 51/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index faeb8a25d5..e3b956ba5c 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ and how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. ## Problem it addresses - Without the abstraction of a container runtime, the application would have to deal with all the mechanics of each operating system, increasing the complexity of running the app. ## How it helps From 2f012cd2799fac3eb2b3de42dc0c86a008478a12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 09:27:39 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 52/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index e3b956ba5c..68fbad81af 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ It is an [abstraction](/abstraction/) of the underlying operating system that tr In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime. A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. -and how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. ## Problem it addresses From f974499581001fce955f81cdeb89935187cd4c7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 09:30:22 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 53/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 68fbad81af..e90822c921 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ Without the abstraction of a container runtime, the application would have to de Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. They handle the container lifecycle, meaning X, Y, and Z. Runtimes also manage hardware resources and automate [??], taking care of all these operating system-level actions. -thus, they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. From ff5567d02da2394c18adf872f9354e0a04705f05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 09:33:22 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 54/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index e90822c921..da6ebf162d 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ Without the abstraction of a container runtime, the application would have to de ## How it helps Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. -They handle the container lifecycle, meaning X, Y, and Z. +They handle the container lifecycle, which does mainly two things. +First, it defines how container images are specified and how the runtime can retrieve them. Runtimes also manage hardware resources and automate [??], taking care of all these operating system-level actions. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. From 23d5de4cc96c14c196a2be448548f03018644d7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 09:34:20 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 55/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index da6ebf162d..92f46b803d 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ Without the abstraction of a container runtime, the application would have to de Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. They handle the container lifecycle, which does mainly two things. First, it defines how container images are specified and how the runtime can retrieve them. -Runtimes also manage hardware resources and automate [??], taking care of all these operating system-level actions. +Second, they handle how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. +Furthermore, runtimes manage hardware resources taking care of all these operating system-level actions. +These include resource allocation and isolation. Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. From 2eac82ccfba87ca5f77810fe1f87c7c9c02a8699 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 09:36:58 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 56/58] Update runtime.md Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 92f46b803d..0fb8650cbc 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ Without the abstraction of a container runtime, the application would have to de ## How it helps Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes. -They handle the container lifecycle, which does mainly two things. +They handle the container lifecycle, which does mainly three things. First, it defines how container images are specified and how the runtime can retrieve them. Second, they handle how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed. Furthermore, runtimes manage hardware resources taking care of all these operating system-level actions. These include resource allocation and isolation. -Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, +Over time, different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification, which became the standard for container runtimes. Introducing this standard allows end users to combine any OCI-compliant runtime with any OCI-compliant container orchestrator (like Kubernetes). From 391a477897667c5b1ce49fd3e6110cc7cfd99c16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noah Ispas Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2023 15:39:24 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 57/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Noah Ispas --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 0fb8650cbc..7e49c1a5f7 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- title: Runtime -status: Feedback Appreciated +status: Completed category: concept tags: ["application", "", ""] --- From b7b55fc95ebad7572f3c000ac83bfe886adeeae2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 09:26:39 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 58/58] Update content/en/runtime.md Co-authored-by: Noah Ispas Signed-off-by: Catherine Paganini <74001907+CathPag@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/en/runtime.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/en/runtime.md b/content/en/runtime.md index 7e49c1a5f7..5ab304cad1 100644 --- a/content/en/runtime.md +++ b/content/en/runtime.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ A runtime, in general, executes a piece of software. It is an [abstraction](/abstraction/) of the underlying operating system that translates the program's commands into respective actions for the operating system. In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime. -A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem. +A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around different container orchestration technologies. ## Problem it addresses