diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 633877d..2ac4f2e 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-generic"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "58a6914896b0907b4df8f696dea38ef8a2b75b32142f80fd5985eb39bcf07778"
+checksum = "86bc01d15ca67ec7653924057aa97c30de62d06a24e6834387eba6c72c8318e7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -351,6 +351,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-recursion"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3b43422f69d8ff38f95f1b2bb76517c91589a924d1559a0e935d7c8ce0274c11"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.74",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "async-signal"
 version = "0.2.10"
@@ -650,12 +661,13 @@ checksum = "8318a53db07bb3f8dca91a600466bdb3f2eaadeedfdbcf02e1accbad9271ba50"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "c2pa"
-version = "0.33.1"
+version = "0.33.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dbd8fd828063357f7f1cab84722b748e39ef704cce80de528ef444365b206211"
+checksum = "75204624c8d637aef354a01df16b52fa63c833cd3766022f15e0d34dd4b15830"
 dependencies = [
  "asn1-rs",
  "async-generic",
+ "async-recursion",
  "async-trait",
  "atree",
  "base64 0.21.7",
@@ -692,6 +704,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "png_pong",
  "rand",
  "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core 0.9.0-alpha.2",
  "range-set",
  "rasn",
  "rasn-ocsp",
@@ -891,12 +904,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "web-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "const-oid"
-version = "0.7.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e4c78c047431fee22c1a7bb92e00ad095a02a983affe4d8a72e2a2c62c1b94f3"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "const-oid"
 version = "0.9.6"
@@ -1019,16 +1026,6 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7a81dae078cea95a014a339291cec439d2f232ebe854a9d672b796c6afafa9b7"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "crypto-bigint"
-version = "0.3.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "03c6a1d5fa1de37e071642dfa44ec552ca5b299adb128fab16138e24b548fd21"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
- "subtle",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
 version = "0.1.6"
@@ -1133,24 +1130,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "der"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6919815d73839e7ad218de758883aae3a257ba6759ce7a9992501efbb53d705c"
-dependencies = [
- "const-oid 0.7.1",
- "crypto-bigint",
- "pem-rfc7468",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "der"
 version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f1a467a65c5e759bce6e65eaf91cc29f466cdc57cb65777bd646872a8a1fd4de"
 dependencies = [
- "const-oid 0.9.6",
+ "const-oid",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1159,7 +1145,8 @@ version = "0.7.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f55bf8e7b65898637379c1b74eb1551107c8294ed26d855ceb9fd1a09cfc9bc0"
 dependencies = [
- "const-oid 0.9.6",
+ "const-oid",
+ "pem-rfc7468",
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
@@ -1209,6 +1196,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.10.4",
+ "const-oid",
  "crypto-common",
 ]
 
@@ -1271,7 +1259,7 @@ version = "2.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "115531babc129696a58c64a4fef0a8bf9e9698629fb97e9e40767d235cfbcd53"
 dependencies = [
- "pkcs8 0.10.2",
+ "pkcs8",
  "signature",
 ]
 
@@ -2666,9 +2654,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pem-rfc7468"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01de5d978f34aa4b2296576379fcc416034702fd94117c56ffd8a1a767cefb30"
+checksum = "88b39c9bfcfc231068454382784bb460aae594343fb030d46e9f50a645418412"
 dependencies = [
  "base64ct",
 ]
@@ -2800,24 +2788,13 @@ checksum = "5de5067af0cd27add969cdb4ef2eecc955f59235f3b7a75a3c6ac9562cfb6b81"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pkcs1"
-version = "0.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a78f66c04ccc83dd4486fd46c33896f4e17b24a7a3a6400dedc48ed0ddd72320"
-dependencies = [
- "der 0.5.1",
- "pkcs8 0.8.0",
- "zeroize",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "pkcs8"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7cabda3fb821068a9a4fab19a683eac3af12edf0f34b94a8be53c4972b8149d0"
+checksum = "c8ffb9f10fa047879315e6625af03c164b16962a5368d724ed16323b68ace47f"
 dependencies = [
- "der 0.5.1",
- "spki 0.5.4",
- "zeroize",
+ "der 0.7.9",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2974,7 +2951,7 @@ checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2984,7 +2961,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2996,6 +2973,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.9.0-alpha.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f4e93f5a5e3c528cda9acb0928c31b2ba868c551cc46e67b778075e34aab9906"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "range-set"
 version = "0.0.11"
@@ -3226,20 +3212,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rsa"
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.9.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4cf22754c49613d2b3b119f0e5d46e34a2c628a937e3024b8762de4e7d8c710b"
+checksum = "5d0e5124fcb30e76a7e79bfee683a2746db83784b86289f6251b54b7950a0dfc"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
+ "const-oid",
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "num-bigint-dig",
  "num-integer",
- "num-iter",
  "num-traits",
  "pkcs1",
- "pkcs8 0.8.0",
- "rand_core",
- "smallvec",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "sha2 0.10.8",
+ "signature",
+ "spki 0.7.3",
  "subtle",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -3615,7 +3602,8 @@ version = "2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "77549399552de45a898a580c1b41d445bf730df867cc44e6c0233bbc4b8329de"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3706,16 +3694,6 @@ version = "0.9.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6980e8d7511241f8acf4aebddbb1ff938df5eebe98691418c4468d0b72a96a67"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "spki"
-version = "0.5.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "44d01ac02a6ccf3e07db148d2be087da624fea0221a16152ed01f0496a6b0a27"
-dependencies = [
- "base64ct",
- "der 0.5.1",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "spki"
 version = "0.6.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index b5a2551..760b639 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ repository = "https://github.com/contentauth/c2patool"
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1.0"
-c2pa = { version = "0.33.1", features = [
+c2pa = { version = "0.33.2", features = [
 	"fetch_remote_manifests",
 	"file_io",
 	"add_thumbnails",