diff --git a/.github/workflows/dev.yml b/.github/workflows/dev.yml
index cee3c74762c3c..e8fe565ace0cc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/dev.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dev.yml
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           gem install test-unit
-          pip install "cython<3" setuptools six pytest jira
+          pip install cython setuptools six pytest jira
       - name: Run Release Test
         env:
           ARROW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/ci/conda_env_python.txt b/ci/conda_env_python.txt
index 4ae5c3614a1dc..04f985c94bb2c 100644
--- a/ci/conda_env_python.txt
+++ b/ci/conda_env_python.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # don't add pandas here, because it is not a mandatory test dependency
 boto3  # not a direct dependency of s3fs, but needed for our s3fs fixture
 cffi
-cython<3
+cython
 cloudpickle
 fsspec
 hypothesis
diff --git a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
index ce31b497c1fab..8c5de9bda85aa 100755
--- a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
+++ b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ test_python() {
   show_header "Build and test Python libraries"
 
   # Build and test Python
-  maybe_setup_virtualenv "cython<3" numpy setuptools_scm setuptools || exit 1
+  maybe_setup_virtualenv cython numpy setuptools_scm setuptools || exit 1
   maybe_setup_conda --file ci/conda_env_python.txt || exit 1
 
   if [ "${USE_CONDA}" -gt 0 ]; then
diff --git a/python/pyproject.toml b/python/pyproject.toml
index 7e61304585809..fe8c938a9ce4f 100644
--- a/python/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/pyproject.toml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 [build-system]
 requires = [
-    "cython >= 0.29.31,<3",
+    "cython >= 0.29.31",
     "oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14",
     "setuptools_scm",
     "setuptools >= 40.1.0",
diff --git a/python/requirements-build.txt b/python/requirements-build.txt
index 6378d1b94e1bb..507e9081373e2 100644
--- a/python/requirements-build.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-build.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cython>=0.29.31,<3
+cython>=0.29.31
 oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14
 setuptools_scm
 setuptools>=38.6.0
diff --git a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
index e4f5243fbc2fe..6043d2ffb2c6e 100644
--- a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cython>=0.29.31,<3
+cython>=0.29.31
 oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14
 setuptools_scm
 setuptools>=58
diff --git a/python/setup.py b/python/setup.py
index abd9d03cfb17e..0a6fc861eb515 100755
--- a/python/setup.py
+++ b/python/setup.py
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@
 # Check if we're running 64-bit Python
 is_64_bit = sys.maxsize > 2**32
 
-if Cython.__version__ < '0.29.31' or Cython.__version__ >= '3.0':
+if Cython.__version__ < '0.29.31':
     raise Exception(
-        'Please update your Cython version. Supported Cython >= 0.29.31, < 3.0')
+        'Please update your Cython version. Supported Cython >= 0.29.31')
 
 setup_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ def has_ext_modules(foo):
                                  'pyarrow/_generated_version.py'),
         'version_scheme': guess_next_dev_version
     },
-    setup_requires=['setuptools_scm', 'cython >= 0.29.31,<3'] + setup_requires,
+    setup_requires=['setuptools_scm', 'cython >= 0.29.31'] + setup_requires,
     install_requires=install_requires,
     tests_require=['pytest', 'pandas', 'hypothesis'],
     python_requires='>=3.8',