diff --git a/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/render/LineBox.java b/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/render/LineBox.java
index d239b7008..188206c81 100755
--- a/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/render/LineBox.java
+++ b/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/render/LineBox.java
@@ -468,6 +468,15 @@ public void reset(LayoutContext c) {
         if (_markerData != null) {
             _markerData.restorePreviousReferenceLine(this);
         }
+
+        if (hasFootnotes()) {
+            // Reset usually happens when satisfying widows and orphans.
+            // Reset means we and our descendants are about to be layed out again
+            // so we have to remove footnotes as they will be added again, possible on
+            // a new page.
+            c.getRootLayer().getFirstPage(c, this).removeFootnoteBodies(c, getReferencedFootnoteBodies());
+        }
+
         super.reset(c);
     }
 
diff --git a/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/util/DescendantBoxSpliterator.java b/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/util/DescendantBoxSpliterator.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbee30808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/util/DescendantBoxSpliterator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package com.openhtmltopdf.util;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Spliterator;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import com.openhtmltopdf.render.BlockBox;
+import com.openhtmltopdf.render.Box;
+import com.openhtmltopdf.render.InlineLayoutBox;
+
+/**
+ * A spliterator that can be used to create a stream of descendant boxes in
+ * breadth first order.
+ * <br><br>
+ * NOTE: This is likely slower than simply creating a box list recursively for small
+ * number of descendants but gets relatively faster (and uses less memory)
+ * as the list of descendants increases in size.
+ */
+public class DescendantBoxSpliterator implements Spliterator<Box> {
+    // A queue of boxes that we have to process their children.
+    private final Deque<Box> unprocessed = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+    private State curState = State.BOX_CHILDREN;
+    private int childIndex = 0;
+
+    private enum State {
+        BOX_CHILDREN,
+        BLOCK_INLINE_CONTENT,
+        ILB_INLINE_CHILDREN,
+        DONE;
+    }
+
+    public DescendantBoxSpliterator(Box parent) {
+        unprocessed.add(parent);
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasChildren(Box bx) {
+        return
+           bx.getChildCount() > 0 ||
+           (bx instanceof BlockBox && !((BlockBox) bx).getInlineContent().isEmpty()) ||
+           (bx instanceof InlineLayoutBox && ((InlineLayoutBox) bx).getInlineChildCount() > 0);
+    }
+
+    private void add(Box bx) {
+        unprocessed.add(bx);
+    }
+
+    private void next() {
+        setState(State.BOX_CHILDREN);
+        unprocessed.remove();
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasNext() {
+        return !unprocessed.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    private Box current() {
+        return unprocessed.peek();
+    }
+
+    private void setState(State newState) {
+        curState = newState;
+        childIndex = 0;
+    }
+
+    private Box getNext() {
+        Box box = current();
+
+        if (box == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        switch (curState) {
+        case BOX_CHILDREN: {
+            if (childIndex < box.getChildCount()) {
+                Box next = box.getChild(childIndex);
+                childIndex++;
+
+                if (hasChildren(next)) {
+                    add(next);
+                }
+
+                return next;
+            }
+
+            setState(State.BLOCK_INLINE_CONTENT);
+            // FALL-THRU
+        }
+
+        case BLOCK_INLINE_CONTENT: {
+            if (box instanceof BlockBox) {
+                BlockBox block = (BlockBox) box;
+                Box next = getNextInlineChild(block.getInlineContent());
+
+                if (next != null) {
+                    return next;
+                }
+            }
+
+            setState(State.ILB_INLINE_CHILDREN);
+            // FALL-THRU
+        }
+
+        case ILB_INLINE_CHILDREN: {
+            if (box instanceof InlineLayoutBox) {
+                InlineLayoutBox ilb = (InlineLayoutBox) box;
+                Box next = getNextInlineChild(ilb.getInlineChildren());
+
+                if (next != null) {
+                    return next;
+                }
+            }
+
+            setState(State.DONE);
+            // FALL-THRU
+        }
+
+        default:
+            next();
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Box getNextInlineChild(List<? extends Object> inlineChilds) {
+        if (inlineChilds == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        while (childIndex < inlineChilds.size()) {
+            Object inlineChild = inlineChilds.get(childIndex);
+            childIndex++;
+
+            if (inlineChild instanceof Box) {
+                if (hasChildren((Box) inlineChild)) {
+                    add((Box) inlineChild);
+                }
+                return (Box) inlineChild;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super Box> action) {
+        Box next = getNext();
+
+        if (next != null) {
+            action.accept(next);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            while (hasNext()) {
+                Box next2 = getNext();
+                if (next2 != null) {
+                    action.accept(next2);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Spliterator<Box> trySplit() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long estimateSize() {
+        return Long.MAX_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int characteristics() {
+        return Spliterator.IMMUTABLE | Spliterator.NONNULL;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/util/LambdaUtil.java b/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/util/LambdaUtil.java
index 20cfd1388..4d6c7d640 100644
--- a/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/util/LambdaUtil.java
+++ b/openhtmltopdf-core/src/main/java/com/openhtmltopdf/util/LambdaUtil.java
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
 
 import com.openhtmltopdf.layout.Layer;
 import com.openhtmltopdf.render.Box;
-import com.openhtmltopdf.render.InlineLayoutBox;
 
 public class LambdaUtil {
     private LambdaUtil() { }
@@ -28,35 +28,25 @@ public static Stream<Box> ancestors(Box bx) {
         return list.stream();
     }
 
-    private static void descendants(Box bx, List<Box> out) {
-        if (bx != null && bx.getChildren() != null) {
-            out.addAll(bx.getChildren());
-            for (Box box : bx.getChildren()) {
-                descendants(box, out);
-
-                if (box instanceof InlineLayoutBox) {
-                    List<Object> inlineChilds = ((InlineLayoutBox) box).getInlineChildren();
-
-                    if (inlineChilds != null) {
-                        for (Object obj : inlineChilds) {
-                            if (obj instanceof Box) {
-                                out.add((Box) obj);
-                                descendants((Box) obj, out);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    /**
+     * A stream of all descendant boxes not including
+     * InlineText or InlineBox objects.
+     *
+     * This would usually only be called after layout is concluded
+     * as InlineBox objects are converted to one or more InlineLayoutBox
+     * during layout.
+     * 
+     * Should be in breadth first order.
+     */
+    public static Stream<Box> descendants(Box parent) {
+        return StreamSupport.stream(new DescendantBoxSpliterator(parent), false);
     }
 
     /**
-     * A stream of all descendant boxes not including InlineText objects.
+     * See {@link #descendants(Box)}
      */
-    public static Stream<Box> descendants(Box bx) {
-        List<Box> list = new ArrayList<>();
-        descendants(bx, list);
-        return list.stream();
+    public static List<Box> descendantsList(Box parent) {
+        return descendants(parent).collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
 
     /**