diff --git a/R/render.R b/R/render.R
index 437ce2b..a80e074 100644
--- a/R/render.R
+++ b/R/render.R
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #' * A path to a template file (use [fs::path()]).
 #' * A parsed template (use [parse_template()]).
 #' @param ... <[`dynamic-dots`][rlang::dyn-dots]> Data passed to the template.
+#'
+#' By default, a length-1 vector is passed as a scalar variable. Use [I()] to
+#' declare that a vector should be passed as an array variable. This preserves
+#' a length-1 vector as an array.
 #' @inheritParams parse
 #' @return String containing rendered template.
 #'
@@ -18,7 +22,10 @@
 #' # pass data as arguments
 #' render("Hello {{ name }}!", name = "world")
 #'
-#' # pass data as list
+#' # pass length-1 vector as array
+#' render("Hello {{ name.0 }}!", name = I("world"))
+#'
+#' # pass data programmatically
 #' params <- list(name = "world")
 #' render("Hello {{ name }}!", !!!params)
 #'
diff --git a/man/render.Rd b/man/render.Rd
index c031f0f..2fa61ed 100644
--- a/man/render.Rd
+++ b/man/render.Rd
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ render(.x, ...)
 \item A parsed template (use \code{\link[=parse_template]{parse_template()}}).
 }}
 
-\item{...}{<\code{\link[rlang:dyn-dots]{dynamic-dots}}> Data passed to the template.}
+\item{...}{<\code{\link[rlang:dyn-dots]{dynamic-dots}}> Data passed to the template.
+
+By default, a length-1 vector is passed as a scalar variable. Use \code{\link[=I]{I()}} to
+declare that a vector should be passed as an array variable. This preserves
+a length-1 vector as an array.}
 
 \item{.config}{The engine configuration. The default matches Jinja defaults,
 but you can use \code{\link[=jinjar_config]{jinjar_config()}} to customize things like syntax delimiters,
@@ -39,7 +43,10 @@ Data is passed to a template to render the final document.
 # pass data as arguments
 render("Hello {{ name }}!", name = "world")
 
-# pass data as list
+# pass length-1 vector as array
+render("Hello {{ name.0 }}!", name = I("world"))
+
+# pass data programmatically
 params <- list(name = "world")
 render("Hello {{ name }}!", !!!params)
 
diff --git a/vignettes/template-syntax.Rmd b/vignettes/template-syntax.Rmd
index edf30db..282c954 100644
--- a/vignettes/template-syntax.Rmd
+++ b/vignettes/template-syntax.Rmd
@@ -120,12 +120,16 @@ Although we pass R objects to `render()`, it is helpful to understand that these
 | Data frame      | Array of objects | `{{ foo.1.bar }}` |
 
 You can use dot (`.`) notation to access data nested within a variable.
-An array element is accessed by its numeric index (e.g. `foo.1`) and an object value is accessed by its key (e.g. `foo.bar`).
+An array element is accessed by its numeric **zero-based** index (e.g. `foo.1`) and an object value is accessed by its key (e.g. `foo.bar`).
 
 **Note:** In R, the dot is a valid character in an object name (e.g. `my.data`).
 However, this causes ambiguity when accessing nested data values.
 For this reason, each dot is replaced with an underscore when the data is encoded as JSON (e.g. `my.data` becomes `my_data`).
 
+**Note:** In R, a scalar is indistinguishable from a length-1 vector.
+This creates an ambiguity when passing R data to the template, because template variables support both scalars and arrays.
+You can explicitly pass a length-1 vector as an array using the `I()` operator (see `help("render")`).
+
 The double-brace syntax is used to print the value of the variable (e.g. `{{ foo }}`).
 To use the variable in other contexts (e.g. control structures), then these braces are omitted (e.g. `{% for bar in foo %}`).