diff --git a/crates/core/Cargo.toml b/crates/core/Cargo.toml
index 9773f82c46..4bd58a492c 100644
--- a/crates/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ errno = "0.3"
 either = "1.8"
 fix-hidden-lifetime-bug = "0.2"
 hyper = { version = "0.14", optional = true }
+indexmap = "2.2.1"
 itertools = "0.12"
 lazy_static = "1"
 libc = ">=0.2.90, <1"
diff --git a/crates/core/src/kernel/snapshot/log_data.rs b/crates/core/src/kernel/snapshot/log_data.rs
index b874b53421..686a4110fe 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/kernel/snapshot/log_data.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/kernel/snapshot/log_data.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow_array::{Array, Int32Array, Int64Array, MapArray, RecordBatch, StringArray, StructArray};
 use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, TimeZone, Utc};
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use object_store::path::Path;
 use object_store::ObjectMeta;
 use percent_encoding::percent_decode_str;
@@ -19,37 +20,35 @@ const COL_MIN_VALUES: &str = "minValues";
 const COL_MAX_VALUES: &str = "maxValues";
 const COL_NULL_COUNT: &str = "nullCount";
 
-pub(crate) type PartitionFields<'a> = Arc<BTreeMap<&'a str, &'a StructField>>;
-pub(crate) type PartitionValues<'a> = BTreeMap<&'a str, Scalar>;
+pub(crate) type PartitionFields<'a> = Arc<IndexMap<&'a str, &'a StructField>>;
+pub(crate) type PartitionValues<'a> = IndexMap<&'a str, Scalar>;
 
 pub(crate) trait PartitionsExt {
     fn hive_partition_path(&self) -> String;
 }
 
-impl PartitionsExt for BTreeMap<&str, Scalar> {
+impl PartitionsExt for IndexMap<&str, Scalar> {
     fn hive_partition_path(&self) -> String {
-        let mut fields = self
+        let fields = self
             .iter()
             .map(|(k, v)| {
                 let encoded = v.serialize_encoded();
                 format!("{k}={encoded}")
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        fields.reverse();
         fields.join("/")
     }
 }
 
-impl PartitionsExt for BTreeMap<String, Scalar> {
+impl PartitionsExt for IndexMap<String, Scalar> {
     fn hive_partition_path(&self) -> String {
-        let mut fields = self
+        let fields = self
             .iter()
             .map(|(k, v)| {
                 let encoded = v.serialize_encoded();
                 format!("{k}={encoded}")
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        fields.reverse();
         fields.join("/")
     }
 }
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ impl LogicalFile<'_> {
     /// The partition values for this logical file.
     pub fn partition_values(&self) -> DeltaResult<PartitionValues<'_>> {
         if self.partition_fields.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(BTreeMap::new());
+            return Ok(IndexMap::new());
         }
         let map_value = self.partition_values.value(self.index);
         let keys = map_value
@@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ impl LogicalFile<'_> {
                     .unwrap_or(Scalar::Null(f.data_type.clone()));
                 Ok((*k, val))
             })
-            .collect::<DeltaResult<BTreeMap<_, _>>>()
+            .collect::<DeltaResult<IndexMap<_, _>>>()
     }
 
     /// Defines a deletion vector
@@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ impl<'a> FileStatsAccessor<'a> {
                 .partition_columns
                 .iter()
                 .map(|c| Ok((c.as_str(), schema.field_with_name(c.as_str())?)))
-                .collect::<DeltaResult<BTreeMap<_, _>>>()?,
+                .collect::<DeltaResult<IndexMap<_, _>>>()?,
         );
         let deletion_vector = extract_and_cast_opt::<StructArray>(data, "add.deletionVector");
         let deletion_vector = deletion_vector.and_then(|dv| {
diff --git a/crates/core/src/operations/optimize.rs b/crates/core/src/operations/optimize.rs
index c67b31a71b..6b33939829 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/operations/optimize.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/operations/optimize.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use arrow_array::RecordBatch;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
 use futures::{Future, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use num_cpus;
 use parquet::arrow::async_reader::{ParquetObjectReader, ParquetRecordBatchStreamBuilder};
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ impl From<OptimizeInput> for DeltaOperation {
 
 fn create_remove(
     path: &str,
-    partitions: &BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+    partitions: &IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     size: i64,
 ) -> Result<Action, DeltaTableError> {
     // NOTE unwrap is safe since UNIX_EPOCH will always be earlier then now.
@@ -353,11 +354,11 @@ enum OptimizeOperations {
     ///
     /// Bins are determined by the bin-packing algorithm to reach an optimal size.
     /// Files that are large enough already are skipped. Bins of size 1 are dropped.
-    Compact(HashMap<String, (BTreeMap<String, Scalar>, Vec<MergeBin>)>),
+    Compact(HashMap<String, (IndexMap<String, Scalar>, Vec<MergeBin>)>),
     /// Plan to Z-order each partition
     ZOrder(
         Vec<String>,
-        HashMap<String, (BTreeMap<String, Scalar>, MergeBin)>,
+        HashMap<String, (IndexMap<String, Scalar>, MergeBin)>,
     ),
     // TODO: Sort
 }
@@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ impl MergePlan {
     /// collected during the operation.
     async fn rewrite_files<F>(
         task_parameters: Arc<MergeTaskParameters>,
-        partition_values: BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+        partition_values: IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
         files: MergeBin,
         object_store: ObjectStoreRef,
         read_stream: F,
@@ -849,7 +850,7 @@ fn build_compaction_plan(
 ) -> Result<(OptimizeOperations, Metrics), DeltaTableError> {
     let mut metrics = Metrics::default();
 
-    let mut partition_files: HashMap<String, (BTreeMap<String, Scalar>, Vec<ObjectMeta>)> =
+    let mut partition_files: HashMap<String, (IndexMap<String, Scalar>, Vec<ObjectMeta>)> =
         HashMap::new();
     for add in snapshot.get_active_add_actions_by_partitions(filters)? {
         let add = add?;
@@ -863,7 +864,7 @@ fn build_compaction_plan(
             .partition_values()?
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), v))
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+            .collect::<IndexMap<_, _>>();
 
         partition_files
             .entry(add.partition_values()?.hive_partition_path())
@@ -877,7 +878,7 @@ fn build_compaction_plan(
         file.sort_by(|a, b| b.size.cmp(&a.size));
     }
 
-    let mut operations: HashMap<String, (BTreeMap<String, Scalar>, Vec<MergeBin>)> = HashMap::new();
+    let mut operations: HashMap<String, (IndexMap<String, Scalar>, Vec<MergeBin>)> = HashMap::new();
     for (part, (partition, files)) in partition_files {
         let mut merge_bins = vec![MergeBin::new()];
 
@@ -955,14 +956,14 @@ fn build_zorder_plan(
     // For now, just be naive and optimize all files in each selected partition.
     let mut metrics = Metrics::default();
 
-    let mut partition_files: HashMap<String, (BTreeMap<String, Scalar>, MergeBin)> = HashMap::new();
+    let mut partition_files: HashMap<String, (IndexMap<String, Scalar>, MergeBin)> = HashMap::new();
     for add in snapshot.get_active_add_actions_by_partitions(filters)? {
         let add = add?;
         let partition_values = add
             .partition_values()?
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), v))
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+            .collect::<IndexMap<_, _>>();
         metrics.total_considered_files += 1;
         let object_meta = ObjectMeta::try_from(&add)?;
 
diff --git a/crates/core/src/operations/writer.rs b/crates/core/src/operations/writer.rs
index 5d8808fa3c..f92918653c 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/operations/writer.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/operations/writer.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 //! Abstractions and implementations for writing data to delta tables
 
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef as ArrowSchemaRef;
 use arrow::error::ArrowError;
 use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use object_store::{path::Path, ObjectStore};
 use parquet::arrow::ArrowWriter;
 use parquet::basic::Compression;
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ impl DeltaWriter {
     pub async fn write_partition(
         &mut self,
         record_batch: RecordBatch,
-        partition_values: &BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+        partition_values: &IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     ) -> DeltaResult<()> {
         let partition_key = Path::parse(partition_values.hive_partition_path())?;
 
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ pub(crate) struct PartitionWriterConfig {
     /// Prefix applied to all paths
     prefix: Path,
     /// Values for all partition columns
-    partition_values: BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+    partition_values: IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     /// Properties passed to underlying parquet writer
     writer_properties: WriterProperties,
     /// Size above which we will write a buffered parquet file to disk.
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ pub(crate) struct PartitionWriterConfig {
 impl PartitionWriterConfig {
     pub fn try_new(
         file_schema: ArrowSchemaRef,
-        partition_values: BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+        partition_values: IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
         writer_properties: Option<WriterProperties>,
         target_file_size: Option<usize>,
         write_batch_size: Option<usize>,
@@ -514,7 +515,7 @@ mod tests {
     ) -> PartitionWriter {
         let config = PartitionWriterConfig::try_new(
             batch.schema(),
-            BTreeMap::new(),
+            IndexMap::new(),
             writer_properties,
             target_file_size,
             write_batch_size,
diff --git a/crates/core/src/writer/json.rs b/crates/core/src/writer/json.rs
index a51dd86b58..a13d29ba4b 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/writer/json.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/writer/json.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 //! Main writer API to write json messages to delta table
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow::datatypes::{Schema as ArrowSchema, SchemaRef as ArrowSchemaRef};
 use arrow::record_batch::*;
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use object_store::path::Path;
 use object_store::ObjectStore;
 use parquet::{
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ pub(crate) struct DataArrowWriter {
     writer_properties: WriterProperties,
     buffer: ShareableBuffer,
     arrow_writer: ArrowWriter<ShareableBuffer>,
-    partition_values: BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+    partition_values: IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     buffered_record_batch_count: usize,
 }
 
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ impl DataArrowWriter {
             writer_properties.clone(),
         )?;
 
-        let partition_values = BTreeMap::new();
+        let partition_values = IndexMap::new();
         let buffered_record_batch_count = 0;
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -397,8 +398,8 @@ fn quarantine_failed_parquet_rows(
 fn extract_partition_values(
     partition_cols: &[String],
     record_batch: &RecordBatch,
-) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Scalar>, DeltaWriterError> {
-    let mut partition_values = BTreeMap::new();
+) -> Result<IndexMap<String, Scalar>, DeltaWriterError> {
+    let mut partition_values = IndexMap::new();
 
     for col_name in partition_cols.iter() {
         let arrow_schema = record_batch.schema();
@@ -499,7 +500,7 @@ mod tests {
                 &record_batch
             )
             .unwrap(),
-            BTreeMap::from([
+            IndexMap::from([
                 (String::from("col1"), Scalar::Integer(1)),
                 (String::from("col2"), Scalar::Integer(2)),
                 (String::from("col3"), Scalar::Null(DataType::INTEGER)),
@@ -507,7 +508,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert_eq!(
             extract_partition_values(&[String::from("col1")], &record_batch).unwrap(),
-            BTreeMap::from([(String::from("col1"), Scalar::Integer(1)),])
+            IndexMap::from([(String::from("col1"), Scalar::Integer(1)),])
         );
         assert!(extract_partition_values(&[String::from("col4")], &record_batch).is_err())
     }
diff --git a/crates/core/src/writer/record_batch.rs b/crates/core/src/writer/record_batch.rs
index 48525a3335..a9ff09cf1d 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/writer/record_batch.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/writer/record_batch.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 //! the writer. Once written, add actions are returned by the writer. It's the users responsibility
 //! to create the transaction using those actions.
 
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
 
 use arrow::array::{Array, UInt32Array};
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ use arrow_array::ArrayRef;
 use arrow_row::{RowConverter, SortField};
 use arrow_schema::{ArrowError, Schema as ArrowSchema, SchemaRef as ArrowSchemaRef};
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use object_store::{path::Path, ObjectStore};
 use parquet::{arrow::ArrowWriter, errors::ParquetError};
 use parquet::{basic::Compression, file::properties::WriterProperties};
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ impl RecordBatchWriter {
     pub async fn write_partition(
         &mut self,
         record_batch: RecordBatch,
-        partition_values: &BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+        partition_values: &IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     ) -> Result<(), DeltaTableError> {
         let arrow_schema =
             arrow_schema_without_partitions(&self.arrow_schema_ref, &self.partition_columns);
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ impl DeltaWriter<RecordBatch> for RecordBatchWriter {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct PartitionResult {
     /// values found in partition columns
-    pub partition_values: BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+    pub partition_values: IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     /// remaining dataset with partition column values removed
     pub record_batch: RecordBatch,
 }
@@ -222,14 +222,14 @@ struct PartitionWriter {
     writer_properties: WriterProperties,
     pub(super) buffer: ShareableBuffer,
     pub(super) arrow_writer: ArrowWriter<ShareableBuffer>,
-    pub(super) partition_values: BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+    pub(super) partition_values: IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     pub(super) buffered_record_batch_count: usize,
 }
 
 impl PartitionWriter {
     pub fn new(
         arrow_schema: Arc<ArrowSchema>,
-        partition_values: BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+        partition_values: IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
         writer_properties: WriterProperties,
     ) -> Result<Self, ParquetError> {
         let buffer = ShareableBuffer::default();
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ pub(crate) fn divide_by_partition_values(
 
     if partition_columns.is_empty() {
         partitions.push(PartitionResult {
-            partition_values: BTreeMap::new(),
+            partition_values: IndexMap::new(),
             record_batch: values.clone(),
         });
         return Ok(partitions);
diff --git a/crates/core/src/writer/stats.rs b/crates/core/src/writer/stats.rs
index 4ba217cc1e..40e7b303cc 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/writer/stats.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/writer/stats.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::AddAssign};
 
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use parquet::format::FileMetaData;
 use parquet::schema::types::{ColumnDescriptor, SchemaDescriptor};
 use parquet::{basic::LogicalType, errors::ParquetError};
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::protocol::{ColumnValueStat, Stats};
 
 /// Creates an [`Add`] log action struct.
 pub fn create_add(
-    partition_values: &BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+    partition_values: &IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     path: String,
     size: i64,
     file_metadata: &FileMetaData,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn create_add(
 }
 
 fn stats_from_file_metadata(
-    partition_values: &BTreeMap<String, Scalar>,
+    partition_values: &IndexMap<String, Scalar>,
     file_metadata: &FileMetaData,
 ) -> Result<Stats, DeltaWriterError> {
     let type_ptr = parquet::schema::types::from_thrift(file_metadata.schema.as_slice());