diff --git a/messages/en/dashboard.json b/messages/en/dashboard.json
index 0a5955259..23fbedb1f 100644
--- a/messages/en/dashboard.json
+++ b/messages/en/dashboard.json
@@ -1385,6 +1385,9 @@
     "keyStatus": {
       "enabled": "Enabled",
       "disabled": "Disabled",
+      "active": "Active",
+      "expired": "Expired",
+      "expiringSoon": "Expiring Soon",
       "keyEnabled": "Key enabled",
       "keyDisabled": "Key disabled",
       "toggleKeyStatus": "Toggle key status",
@@ -1396,6 +1399,9 @@
     "userStatus": {
       "enabled": "Enabled",
       "disabled": "Disabled",
+      "active": "Active",
+      "expired": "Expired",
+      "expiringSoon": "Expiring Soon",
       "userEnabled": "User enabled",
       "userDisabled": "User disabled",
       "toggleUserStatus": "Toggle user status",
diff --git a/messages/ja/dashboard.json b/messages/ja/dashboard.json
index 1e5863b68..b7a46d054 100644
--- a/messages/ja/dashboard.json
+++ b/messages/ja/dashboard.json
@@ -1344,11 +1344,24 @@
     },
     "keyStatus": {
       "enabled": "有効",
-      "disabled": "無効"
+      "disabled": "無効",
+      "active": "正常",
+      "expired": "期限切れ",
+      "expiringSoon": "まもなく期限切れ",
+      "keyEnabled": "キーが有効になりました",
+      "keyDisabled": "キーが無効になりました",
+      "toggleKeyStatus": "キー状態を切り替える",
+      "clickToDisableKey": "クリックしてキーを無効化",
+      "clickToEnableKey": "クリックしてキーを有効化",
+      "operationFailed": "操作に失敗しました",
+      "clickToQuickRenew": "クリックして更新"
     },
     "userStatus": {
       "enabled": "有効",
       "disabled": "無効",
+      "active": "正常",
+      "expired": "期限切れ",
+      "expiringSoon": "まもなく期限切れ",
       "userEnabled": "ユーザーが有効になりました",
       "userDisabled": "ユーザーが無効になりました",
       "toggleUserStatus": "ユーザー状態を切り替える",
diff --git a/messages/ru/dashboard.json b/messages/ru/dashboard.json
index 04f40b578..e66ae1a38 100644
--- a/messages/ru/dashboard.json
+++ b/messages/ru/dashboard.json
@@ -1357,11 +1357,24 @@
     },
     "keyStatus": {
       "enabled": "Включён",
-      "disabled": "Отключён"
+      "disabled": "Отключён",
+      "active": "Активен",
+      "expired": "Истёк",
+      "expiringSoon": "Скоро истечёт",
+      "keyEnabled": "Ключ включён",
+      "keyDisabled": "Ключ отключён",
+      "toggleKeyStatus": "Переключить статус ключа",
+      "clickToDisableKey": "Нажмите, чтобы отключить ключ",
+      "clickToEnableKey": "Нажмите, чтобы включить ключ",
+      "operationFailed": "Операция не удалась",
+      "clickToQuickRenew": "Нажмите для быстрого продления"
     },
     "userStatus": {
       "enabled": "Включён",
       "disabled": "Отключён",
+      "active": "Активен",
+      "expired": "Истёк",
+      "expiringSoon": "Скоро истечёт",
       "userEnabled": "Пользователь включён",
       "userDisabled": "Пользователь отключён",
       "toggleUserStatus": "Переключить статус пользователя",
diff --git a/messages/zh-CN/dashboard.json b/messages/zh-CN/dashboard.json
index 199d27f6a..dce1512ac 100644
--- a/messages/zh-CN/dashboard.json
+++ b/messages/zh-CN/dashboard.json
@@ -1384,6 +1384,9 @@
     "keyStatus": {
       "enabled": "启用",
       "disabled": "禁用",
+      "active": "正常",
+      "expired": "已过期",
+      "expiringSoon": "即将过期",
       "keyEnabled": "密钥已启用",
       "keyDisabled": "密钥已禁用",
       "toggleKeyStatus": "切换密钥启用状态",
@@ -1395,6 +1398,9 @@
     "userStatus": {
       "enabled": "启用",
       "disabled": "禁用",
+      "active": "正常",
+      "expired": "已过期",
+      "expiringSoon": "即将过期",
       "userEnabled": "用户已启用",
       "userDisabled": "用户已禁用",
       "toggleUserStatus": "切换用户启用状态",
diff --git a/messages/zh-TW/dashboard.json b/messages/zh-TW/dashboard.json
index c0d3de757..8ae5cd69d 100644
--- a/messages/zh-TW/dashboard.json
+++ b/messages/zh-TW/dashboard.json
@@ -1356,11 +1356,24 @@
     },
     "keyStatus": {
       "enabled": "啟用",
-      "disabled": "停用"
+      "disabled": "停用",
+      "active": "正常",
+      "expired": "已過期",
+      "expiringSoon": "即將過期",
+      "keyEnabled": "密鑰已啟用",
+      "keyDisabled": "密鑰已停用",
+      "toggleKeyStatus": "切換密鑰狀態",
+      "clickToDisableKey": "點擊停用密鑰",
+      "clickToEnableKey": "點擊啟用密鑰",
+      "operationFailed": "操作失敗",
+      "clickToQuickRenew": "點擊快速續期"
     },
     "userStatus": {
       "enabled": "啟用",
       "disabled": "停用",
+      "active": "正常",
+      "expired": "已過期",
+      "expiringSoon": "即將過期",
       "userEnabled": "使用者已啟用",
       "userDisabled": "使用者已停用",
       "toggleUserStatus": "切換使用者狀態",
diff --git a/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/key-row-item.tsx b/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/key-row-item.tsx
index 24a438877..e2ed9e18b 100644
--- a/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/key-row-item.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/key-row-item.tsx
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ export interface KeyRowItemProps {
   };
 }
 
+const EXPIRING_SOON_MS = 72 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 72小时
+
 function splitGroups(value?: string | null): string[] {
   return (value ?? "")
     .split(",")
@@ -99,6 +101,32 @@ function splitGroups(value?: string | null): string[] {
     .filter(Boolean);
 }
 
+function formatExpiry(expiresAt: string | null | undefined, locale: string): string {
+  if (!expiresAt) return "-";
+  const date = new Date(expiresAt);
+  // 如果解析失败（如"永不过期"等翻译文本），直接返回原文本
+  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return expiresAt;
+  return formatDate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd", locale);
+}
+
+function getKeyExpiryStatus(
+  status: "enabled" | "disabled",
+  expiresAt: string | null | undefined
+): { label: string; variant: "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline" } {
+  if (status === "disabled") return { label: "disabled", variant: "secondary" };
+  if (!expiresAt) return { label: "active", variant: "default" };
+
+  const date = new Date(expiresAt);
+  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return { label: "active", variant: "default" };
+
+  const now = Date.now();
+  const expTs = date.getTime();
+
+  if (expTs <= now) return { label: "expired", variant: "destructive" };
+  if (expTs - now <= EXPIRING_SOON_MS) return { label: "expiringSoon", variant: "outline" };
+  return { label: "active", variant: "default" };
+}
+
 export function KeyRowItem({
   keyData,
   userProviderGroup: _userProviderGroup,
@@ -148,6 +176,9 @@ export function KeyRowItem({
   const keyGroups = splitGroups(keyData.providerGroup);
   const effectiveGroups = keyGroups.length > 0 ? keyGroups : [translations.defaultGroup];
   const visibleGroups = effectiveGroups.slice(0, 1);
+
+  // 计算 key 过期状态
+  const keyExpiryStatus = getKeyExpiryStatus(localStatus, localExpiresAt);
   const remainingGroups = Math.max(0, effectiveGroups.length - visibleGroups.length);
   const effectiveGroupText = effectiveGroups.join(", ");
 
@@ -194,13 +225,6 @@ export function KeyRowItem({
     }
   };
 
-  const formatExpiry = (expiresAt: string | null | undefined): string => {
-    if (!expiresAt) return "-";
-    const date = new Date(expiresAt);
-    if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return "-";
-    return formatDate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd", locale);
-  };
-
   const handleQuickRenewConfirm = async (
     _keyId: number,
     expiresAt: Date,
@@ -297,11 +321,8 @@ export function KeyRowItem({
       <div className="min-w-0">
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 min-w-0">
           <div className="truncate font-medium">{keyData.name}</div>
-          <Badge
-            variant={localStatus === "enabled" ? "default" : "secondary"}
-            className="text-[10px]"
-          >
-            {localStatus === "enabled" ? translations.status.enabled : translations.status.disabled}
+          <Badge variant={keyExpiryStatus.variant} className="text-[10px] shrink-0">
+            {tKeyStatus(keyExpiryStatus.label)}
           </Badge>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -444,7 +465,7 @@ export function KeyRowItem({
           setQuickRenewOpen(true);
         }}
       >
-        {formatExpiry(localExpiresAt)}
+        {formatExpiry(localExpiresAt, locale)}
       </div>
 
       {/* 操作 */}
diff --git a/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/user-key-table-row.tsx b/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/user-key-table-row.tsx
index fb4e3423f..722e642b6 100644
--- a/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/user-key-table-row.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/dashboard/_components/user/user-key-table-row.tsx
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { Switch } from "@/components/ui/switch";
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from "@/components/ui/tooltip";
 import { useRouter } from "@/i18n/routing";
 import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+import { getContrastTextColor, getGroupColor } from "@/lib/utils/color";
 import { formatDate } from "@/lib/utils/date-format";
 import type { UserDisplay } from "@/types/user";
 import { KeyRowItem } from "./key-row-item";
@@ -66,6 +67,30 @@ export interface UserKeyTableRowProps {
 }
 
 const DEFAULT_GRID_COLUMNS_CLASS = "grid-cols-[minmax(260px,1fr)_120px_repeat(6,90px)_80px]";
+const EXPIRING_SOON_MS = 72 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 72小时
+const MAX_VISIBLE_GROUPS = 2; // 最多显示的分组数量
+
+function splitGroups(value?: string | null): string[] {
+  return (value ?? "")
+    .split(",")
+    .map((g) => g.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+function getExpiryStatus(
+  isEnabled: boolean,
+  expiresAt: Date | null | undefined
+): { label: string; variant: "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline" } {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  const expTs = expiresAt?.getTime();
+  const hasExpiry = typeof expTs === "number" && Number.isFinite(expTs);
+
+  if (!isEnabled) return { label: "disabled", variant: "secondary" };
+  if (hasExpiry && expTs <= now) return { label: "expired", variant: "destructive" };
+  if (hasExpiry && expTs - now <= EXPIRING_SOON_MS)
+    return { label: "expiringSoon", variant: "outline" };
+  return { label: "active", variant: "default" };
+}
 
 function normalizeLimitValue(value: unknown): number | null {
   const raw = typeof value === "number" ? value : typeof value === "string" ? Number(value) : NaN;
@@ -129,6 +154,14 @@ export function UserKeyTableRow({
 
   const expiresText = formatExpiry(localExpiresAt ?? null, locale);
 
+  // 计算用户过期状态
+  const expiryStatus = getExpiryStatus(localIsEnabled, localExpiresAt ?? null);
+
+  // 处理 Provider Group：拆分成数组
+  const userGroups = splitGroups(user.providerGroup);
+  const visibleGroups = userGroups.slice(0, MAX_VISIBLE_GROUPS);
+  const remainingGroupsCount = Math.max(0, userGroups.length - MAX_VISIBLE_GROUPS);
+
   const limit5h = normalizeLimitValue(user.limit5hUsd);
   const limitDaily = normalizeLimitValue(user.dailyQuota);
   const limitWeekly = normalizeLimitValue(user.limitWeeklyUsd);
@@ -222,11 +255,34 @@ export function UserKeyTableRow({
               {isExpanded ? translations.collapse : translations.expand}
             </span>
             <span className="font-medium truncate">{user.name}</span>
-            {!localIsEnabled && (
+            <Badge variant={expiryStatus.variant} className="text-[10px] shrink-0">
+              {tUserStatus(expiryStatus.label)}
+            </Badge>
+            {visibleGroups.map((group) => {
+              const bgColor = getGroupColor(group);
+              return (
+                <Badge
+                  key={group}
+                  className="text-[10px] shrink-0"
+                  style={{
+                    backgroundColor: bgColor,
+                    color: getContrastTextColor(bgColor),
+                  }}
+                >
+                  {group}
+                </Badge>
+              );
+            })}
+            {remainingGroupsCount > 0 && (
               <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-[10px] shrink-0">
-                {translations.userStatus?.disabled || "Disabled"}
+                +{remainingGroupsCount}
               </Badge>
             )}
+            {user.tags && user.tags.length > 0 && (
+              <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground truncate">
+                [{user.tags.join(", ")}]
+              </span>
+            )}
             {user.note ? (
               <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground truncate">{user.note}</span>
             ) : null}
diff --git a/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/auth-guard.ts b/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/auth-guard.ts
index dd5ebf28c..4f0645a03 100644
--- a/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/auth-guard.ts
+++ b/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/auth-guard.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ export class ProxyAuthenticator {
       return null;
     }
 
-    return ProxyResponses.buildError(401, "令牌已过期或验证不正确");
+    // 返回详细的错误信息，帮助用户快速定位问题
+    return authState.errorResponse ?? ProxyResponses.buildError(401, "认证失败");
   }
 
   private static async validate(headers: {
@@ -52,7 +53,17 @@ export class ProxyAuthenticator {
         hasGeminiApiKeyHeader: !!headers.geminiApiKeyHeader,
         hasGeminiApiKeyQuery: !!headers.geminiApiKeyQuery,
       });
-      return { user: null, key: null, apiKey: null, success: false };
+      return {
+        user: null,
+        key: null,
+        apiKey: null,
+        success: false,
+        errorResponse: ProxyResponses.buildError(
+          401,
+          "未提供认证凭据。请在 Authorization 头部、x-api-key 头部或 x-goog-api-key 头部中包含 API 密钥。",
+          "authentication_error"
+        ),
+      };
     }
 
     const [firstKey] = providedKeys;
@@ -62,7 +73,17 @@ export class ProxyAuthenticator {
       logger.warn("[ProxyAuthenticator] Multiple conflicting API keys provided", {
         keyCount: providedKeys.length,
       });
-      return { user: null, key: null, apiKey: null, success: false };
+      return {
+        user: null,
+        key: null,
+        apiKey: null,
+        success: false,
+        errorResponse: ProxyResponses.buildError(
+          401,
+          "提供了多个冲突的 API 密钥。请仅使用一种认证方式。",
+          "authentication_error"
+        ),
+      };
     }
 
     const apiKey = firstKey;
@@ -74,7 +95,17 @@ export class ProxyAuthenticator {
         fromHeader: !!headers.authHeader || !!headers.apiKeyHeader || !!headers.geminiApiKeyHeader,
         fromQuery: !!headers.geminiApiKeyQuery,
       });
-      return { user: null, key: null, apiKey, success: false };
+      return {
+        user: null,
+        key: null,
+        apiKey,
+        success: false,
+        errorResponse: ProxyResponses.buildError(
+          401,
+          "API 密钥无效。提供的密钥不存在或已被删除。",
+          "invalid_api_key"
+        ),
+      };
     }
 
     // Check user status and expiration
@@ -86,7 +117,17 @@ export class ProxyAuthenticator {
         userId: user.id,
         userName: user.name,
       });
-      return { user: null, key: null, apiKey, success: false };
+      return {
+        user: null,
+        key: null,
+        apiKey,
+        success: false,
+        errorResponse: ProxyResponses.buildError(
+          401,
+          "用户账户已被禁用。请联系管理员。",
+          "user_disabled"
+        ),
+      };
     }
 
     // 2. Check if user is expired (lazy expiration check)
@@ -103,7 +144,17 @@ export class ProxyAuthenticator {
           error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
         });
       });
-      return { user: null, key: null, apiKey, success: false };
+      return {
+        user: null,
+        key: null,
+        apiKey,
+        success: false,
+        errorResponse: ProxyResponses.buildError(
+          401,
+          `用户账户已于 ${user.expiresAt.toISOString().split("T")[0]} 过期。请续费订阅。`,
+          "user_expired"
+        ),
+      };
     }
 
     logger.debug("[ProxyAuthenticator] Authentication successful", {
diff --git a/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/session.ts b/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/session.ts
index e4d69d910..b4349047a 100644
--- a/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/session.ts
+++ b/src/app/v1/_lib/proxy/session.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export interface AuthState {
   key: Key | null;
   apiKey: string | null;
   success: boolean;
+  errorResponse?: Response; // 认证失败时的详细错误响应
 }
 
 export interface MessageContext {