diff --git a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Specification.Tests/GraphUpdatesTestBase.cs b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Specification.Tests/GraphUpdatesTestBase.cs
index f4d171290a5..38f245ce98b 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Specification.Tests/GraphUpdatesTestBase.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Specification.Tests/GraphUpdatesTestBase.cs
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ public virtual void Save_optional_many_to_one_dependents(ChangeMechanism changeM
                 switch (changeMechanism)
                 {
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2a);
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2b);
-                        root.OptionalChildren.Add(new1);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2a);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2b);
+                        Add(root.OptionalChildren, new1);
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Dependent:
                         new2a.Parent = existing;
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ public virtual void Save_required_many_to_one_dependents(ChangeMechanism changeM
                 switch (changeMechanism)
                 {
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2a);
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2b);
-                        root.RequiredChildren.Add(new1);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2a);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2b);
+                        Add(root.RequiredChildren, new1);
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Dependent:
                         new2a.Parent = existing;
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_optional_many_to_one_dependents(ChangeMechanism
                         removed1.Parent = null;
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        childCollection.Remove(removed2);
-                        root.OptionalChildren.Remove(removed1);
+                        Remove(childCollection, removed2);
+                        Remove(root.OptionalChildren, removed1);
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.FK:
                         removed2.ParentId = null;
@@ -305,11 +305,11 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_optional_many_to_one_dependents(ChangeMechanism
                 AssertKeys(root, loadedRoot);
                 AssertNavigations(loadedRoot);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildren.Count);
-                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildren.First().Children.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildren.Count());
+                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildren.First().Children.Count());
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildren.Count);
-                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildren.First().Children.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildren.Count());
+                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildren.First().Children.Count());
             }
         }
 
@@ -342,8 +342,8 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_required_many_to_one_dependents(ChangeMechanism
                         removed1.Parent = null;
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        childCollection.Remove(removed2);
-                        root.RequiredChildren.Remove(removed1);
+                        Remove(childCollection, removed2);
+                        Remove(root.RequiredChildren, removed1);
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.FK:
                         context.Entry(removed2).GetInfrastructure()[context.Entry(removed2).Property(e => e.ParentId).Metadata] = null;
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_required_many_to_one_dependents(ChangeMechanism
 
                 AssertNavigations(root);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removed1Id, root.RequiredChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Required1s.Where(e => e.Id == removed1Id));
@@ -1007,9 +1007,9 @@ public virtual void Save_optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key(Chan
                 switch (changeMechanism)
                 {
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2a);
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2b);
-                        root.OptionalChildrenAk.Add(new1);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2a);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2b);
+                        Add(root.OptionalChildrenAk, new1);
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Dependent:
                         new2a.Parent = existing;
@@ -1097,9 +1097,9 @@ public virtual void Save_required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key(Chan
                 switch (changeMechanism)
                 {
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2a);
-                        existing.Children.Add(new2b);
-                        root.RequiredChildrenAk.Add(new1);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2a);
+                        Add(existing.Children, new2b);
+                        Add(root.RequiredChildrenAk, new1);
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Dependent:
                         new2a.Parent = existing;
@@ -1164,8 +1164,8 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_
                         removed1.Parent = null;
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        childCollection.Remove(removed2);
-                        root.OptionalChildrenAk.Remove(removed1);
+                        Remove(childCollection, removed2);
+                        Remove(root.OptionalChildrenAk, removed1);
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.FK:
                         removed2.ParentId = null;
@@ -1193,11 +1193,11 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_
                 AssertKeys(root, loadedRoot);
                 AssertNavigations(loadedRoot);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
-                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.First().Children.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
+                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.First().Children.Count());
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
-                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.First().Children.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
+                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.First().Children.Count());
             }
         }
 
@@ -1225,8 +1225,8 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_
                         removed1.Parent = null;
                         break;
                     case ChangeMechanism.Principal:
-                        childCollection.Remove(removed2);
-                        root.RequiredChildrenAk.Remove(removed1);
+                        Remove(childCollection, removed2);
+                        Remove(root.RequiredChildrenAk, removed1);
                         break;
                     default:
                         throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(changeMechanism));
@@ -1251,11 +1251,11 @@ public virtual void Save_removed_required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_
                 Assert.False(context.RequiredAk1s.Any(e => e.Id == removed1.Id));
                 Assert.False(context.RequiredAk2s.Any(e => e.Id == removed2.Id));
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
-                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.First().Children.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
+                Assert.Equal(1, loadedRoot.RequiredChildrenAk.First().Children.Count());
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
-                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.First().Children.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
+                Assert.Equal(2, loadedRoot.OptionalChildrenAk.First().Children.Count());
             }
         }
 
@@ -1888,7 +1888,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_deleted()
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
 
                 var removed = root.RequiredChildren.First();
 
@@ -1905,7 +1905,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_deleted()
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
                 Assert.True(cascadeRemoved.All(e => context.Entry(e).State == EntityState.Detached));
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Required1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -1916,7 +1916,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_deleted()
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Required1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -1934,7 +1934,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_are_orphaned()
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildren.Count());
 
                 var removed = root.OptionalChildren.First();
 
@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_are_orphaned()
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
                 Assert.True(orphaned.All(e => context.Entry(e).State == EntityState.Unchanged));
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Optional1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -1962,7 +1962,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_are_orphaned()
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Optional1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2100,7 +2100,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_orpha
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
 
                 var removed = root.OptionalChildrenAk.First();
 
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_orpha
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
                 Assert.True(orphaned.All(e => context.Entry(e).State == EntityState.Unchanged));
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.OptionalAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2128,7 +2128,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_orpha
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.OptionalAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2146,7 +2146,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
 
                 var removed = root.RequiredChildrenAk.First();
 
@@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
                 Assert.True(cascadeRemoved.All(e => context.Entry(e).State == EntityState.Detached));
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.RequiredAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2174,7 +2174,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.RequiredAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_deleted_in_store
 
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Required1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2343,7 +2343,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_deleted_in_store
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Required1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2467,7 +2467,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
 
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.RequiredAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2478,7 +2478,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.RequiredAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2602,7 +2602,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_are_orphaned_in_store()
 
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Optional1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2616,7 +2616,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_are_orphaned_in_store()
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Optional1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2700,7 +2700,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_orpha
 
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Detached, context.Entry(removed).State);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.OptionalAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2714,7 +2714,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_orpha
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.OptionalAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2779,7 +2779,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_deleted_starting
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
             }
 
             using (var context = CreateContext())
@@ -2807,7 +2807,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_deleted_starting
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Required1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -2826,7 +2826,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_are_orphaned_starting_detach
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildren.Count());
             }
 
             using (var context = CreateContext())
@@ -2854,7 +2854,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_are_orphaned_starting_detach
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Optional1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -3002,7 +3002,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_orpha
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
             }
 
             using (var context = CreateContext())
@@ -3030,7 +3030,7 @@ public virtual void Optional_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_orpha
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.OptionalChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.OptionalAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -3049,7 +3049,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
             }
 
             using (var context = CreateContext())
@@ -3077,7 +3077,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
             {
                 root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.RequiredAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -3221,7 +3221,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_detached_when_Ad
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
 
                 var removed = root.RequiredChildren.First();
 
@@ -3232,7 +3232,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_detached_when_Ad
                 Assert.Equal(2, orphanedIds.Count);
 
                 var added = new Required2();
-                removed.Children.Add(added);
+                Add(removed.Children, added);
                 context.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();
 
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, context.Entry(removed).State);
@@ -3256,7 +3256,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_are_cascade_detached_when_Ad
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildren.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildren.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.Required1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -3360,7 +3360,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(2, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
 
                 var removed = root.RequiredChildrenAk.First();
 
@@ -3371,7 +3371,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
                 Assert.Equal(2, orphanedIds.Count);
 
                 var added = new RequiredAk2();
-                removed.Children.Add(added);
+                Add(removed.Children, added);
                 context.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();
 
                 Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, context.Entry(removed).State);
@@ -3395,7 +3395,7 @@ public virtual void Required_many_to_one_dependents_with_alternate_key_are_casca
             {
                 var root = LoadFullGraph(context);
 
-                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(1, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Count());
                 Assert.DoesNotContain(removedId, root.RequiredChildrenAk.Select(e => e.Id));
 
                 Assert.Empty(context.RequiredAk1s.Where(e => e.Id == removedId));
@@ -3489,6 +3489,10 @@ public virtual void Required_non_PK_one_to_one_with_alternate_key_are_cascade_de
             }
         }
 
+        private void Add<T>(IEnumerable<T> collection, T item) => ((ICollection<T>)collection).Add(item);
+
+        private void Remove<T>(IEnumerable<T> collection, T item) => ((ICollection<T>)collection).Remove(item);
+
         public enum ChangeMechanism
         {
             Dependent,
@@ -3545,8 +3549,8 @@ private static void AssertKeys(Root expected, Root actual)
                 actual.RequiredChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Id));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                expected.RequiredChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count),
-                actual.RequiredChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count));
+                expected.RequiredChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()),
+                actual.RequiredChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()));
 
             Assert.Equal(
                 expected.RequiredChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).SelectMany(e => e.Children).OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Id),
@@ -3557,8 +3561,8 @@ private static void AssertKeys(Root expected, Root actual)
                 actual.OptionalChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Id));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                expected.OptionalChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count),
-                actual.OptionalChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count));
+                expected.OptionalChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()),
+                actual.OptionalChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()));
 
             Assert.Equal(
                 expected.OptionalChildren.OrderBy(e => e.Id).SelectMany(e => e.Children).OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Id),
@@ -3579,8 +3583,8 @@ private static void AssertKeys(Root expected, Root actual)
                 actual.RequiredChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.AlternateId));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                expected.RequiredChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count),
-                actual.RequiredChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count));
+                expected.RequiredChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()),
+                actual.RequiredChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()));
 
             Assert.Equal(
                 expected.RequiredChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).SelectMany(e => e.Children).OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.AlternateId),
@@ -3591,8 +3595,8 @@ private static void AssertKeys(Root expected, Root actual)
                 actual.OptionalChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.AlternateId));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                expected.OptionalChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count),
-                actual.OptionalChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count));
+                expected.OptionalChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()),
+                actual.OptionalChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.Children.Count()));
 
             Assert.Equal(
                 expected.OptionalChildrenAk.OrderBy(e => e.Id).SelectMany(e => e.Children).OrderBy(e => e.Id).Select(e => e.AlternateId),
@@ -3742,14 +3746,14 @@ protected class Root
             public int Id { get; set; }
             public Guid AlternateId { get; set; }
 
-            public ICollection<Required1> RequiredChildren { get; set; } = new List<Required1>();
-            public ICollection<Optional1> OptionalChildren { get; set; } = new List<Optional1>();
+            public IEnumerable<Required1> RequiredChildren { get; set; } = new List<Required1>();
+            public IEnumerable<Optional1> OptionalChildren { get; set; } = new List<Optional1>();
             public RequiredSingle1 RequiredSingle { get; set; }
             public RequiredNonPkSingle1 RequiredNonPkSingle { get; set; }
             public OptionalSingle1 OptionalSingle { get; set; }
 
-            public ICollection<RequiredAk1> RequiredChildrenAk { get; set; } = new List<RequiredAk1>();
-            public ICollection<OptionalAk1> OptionalChildrenAk { get; set; } = new List<OptionalAk1>();
+            public IEnumerable<RequiredAk1> RequiredChildrenAk { get; set; } = new List<RequiredAk1>();
+            public IEnumerable<OptionalAk1> OptionalChildrenAk { get; set; } = new List<OptionalAk1>();
             public RequiredSingleAk1 RequiredSingleAk { get; set; }
             public RequiredNonPkSingleAk1 RequiredNonPkSingleAk { get; set; }
             public OptionalSingleAk1 OptionalSingleAk { get; set; }
@@ -3762,7 +3766,7 @@ protected class Required1
             public int ParentId { get; set; }
             public Root Parent { get; set; }
 
-            public ICollection<Required2> Children { get; set; } = new List<Required2>();
+            public IEnumerable<Required2> Children { get; set; } = new List<Required2>();
         }
 
         protected class Required2
@@ -3780,7 +3784,7 @@ protected class Optional1
             public int? ParentId { get; set; }
             public Root Parent { get; set; }
 
-            public ICollection<Optional2> Children { get; set; } = new List<Optional2>();
+            public IEnumerable<Optional2> Children { get; set; } = new List<Optional2>();
         }
 
         protected class Optional2
@@ -3850,7 +3854,7 @@ protected class RequiredAk1
             public Guid ParentId { get; set; }
             public Root Parent { get; set; }
 
-            public ICollection<RequiredAk2> Children { get; set; } = new List<RequiredAk2>();
+            public IEnumerable<RequiredAk2> Children { get; set; } = new List<RequiredAk2>();
         }
 
         protected class RequiredAk2
@@ -3870,7 +3874,7 @@ protected class OptionalAk1
             public Guid? ParentId { get; set; }
             public Root Parent { get; set; }
 
-            public ICollection<OptionalAk2> Children { get; set; } = new List<OptionalAk2>();
+            public IEnumerable<OptionalAk2> Children { get; set; } = new List<OptionalAk2>();
         }
 
         protected class OptionalAk2
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/EntityFrameworkQueryableExtensions.cs b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/EntityFrameworkQueryableExtensions.cs
index 9b506fd69f2..8fca85a75bf 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/EntityFrameworkQueryableExtensions.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/EntityFrameworkQueryableExtensions.cs
@@ -2189,7 +2189,7 @@ internal static readonly MethodInfo IncludeMethodInfo
         ///     type of entity being queried (<typeparamref name="TEntity" />). If you wish to include additional types based on the navigation
         ///     properties of the type being included, then chain a call to
         ///     <see
-        ///         cref="ThenInclude{TEntity, TPreviousProperty, TProperty}(IIncludableQueryable{TEntity, ICollection{TPreviousProperty}}, Expression{Func{TPreviousProperty, TProperty}})" />
+        ///         cref="ThenInclude{TEntity, TPreviousProperty, TProperty}(IIncludableQueryable{TEntity, IEnumerable{TPreviousProperty}}, Expression{Func{TPreviousProperty, TProperty}})" />
         ///     after this call.
         /// </summary>
         /// <example>
@@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ internal static readonly MethodInfo ThenIncludeAfterReferenceMethodInfo
         ///     A new query with the related data included.
         /// </returns>
         public static IIncludableQueryable<TEntity, TProperty> ThenInclude<TEntity, TPreviousProperty, TProperty>(
-            [NotNull] this IIncludableQueryable<TEntity, ICollection<TPreviousProperty>> source,
+            [NotNull] this IIncludableQueryable<TEntity, IEnumerable<TPreviousProperty>> source,
             [NotNull] Expression<Func<TPreviousProperty, TProperty>> navigationPropertyPath)
             where TEntity : class
             => new IncludableQueryable<TEntity, TProperty>(
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactory.cs b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactory.cs
index b6feb17d0ed..78da19f4d08 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactory.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactory.cs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public virtual IClrCollectionAccessor Create([NotNull] INavigation navigation)
             }
 
             var property = navigation.GetPropertyInfo();
-            var elementType = property.PropertyType.TryGetElementType(typeof(ICollection<>));
+            var elementType = property.PropertyType.TryGetElementType(typeof(IEnumerable<>));
 
             // TODO: Only ICollections supported; add support for enumerables with add/remove methods
             // Issue #752
@@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ public virtual IClrCollectionAccessor Create([NotNull] INavigation navigation)
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException(
                     CoreStrings.NavigationBadType(
-                        navigation.Name, navigation.DeclaringEntityType.Name, property.PropertyType.FullName, navigation.GetTargetType().Name));
+                        navigation.Name, navigation.DeclaringEntityType.Name, property.PropertyType.Name, navigation.GetTargetType().Name));
             }
 
             if (property.PropertyType.IsArray)
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    CoreStrings.NavigationArray(navigation.Name, navigation.DeclaringEntityType.Name, property.PropertyType.FullName));
+                    CoreStrings.NavigationArray(navigation.Name, navigation.DeclaringEntityType.DisplayName(), property.PropertyType.Name));
             }
 
             if (property.GetMethod == null)
             {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.NavigationNoGetter(navigation.Name, navigation.DeclaringEntityType.Name));
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.NavigationNoGetter(navigation.Name, navigation.DeclaringEntityType.DisplayName()));
             }
 
             var boundMethod = _genericCreate.MakeGenericMethod(
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public virtual IClrCollectionAccessor Create([NotNull] INavigation navigation)
         [UsedImplicitly]
         private static IClrCollectionAccessor CreateGeneric<TEntity, TCollection, TElement>(PropertyInfo property)
             where TEntity : class
-            where TCollection : class, ICollection<TElement>
+            where TCollection : class, IEnumerable<TElement>
         {
             var getterDelegate = (Func<TEntity, TCollection>)property.GetMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<TEntity, TCollection>));
 
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrICollectionAccessor.cs b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrICollectionAccessor.cs
index fc5118ca802..f8bb92b72fa 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrICollectionAccessor.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore/Metadata/Internal/ClrICollectionAccessor.cs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Internal
     /// </summary>
     public class ClrICollectionAccessor<TEntity, TCollection, TElement> : IClrCollectionAccessor
         where TEntity : class
-        where TCollection : class, ICollection<TElement>
+        where TCollection : class, IEnumerable<TElement>
     {
         private readonly string _propertyName;
         private readonly Func<TEntity, TCollection> _getCollection;
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ public virtual object Create(IEnumerable<object> values)
             if (_createCollection == null)
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType(
-                    _propertyName, typeof(TEntity).FullName, typeof(TCollection).FullName));
+                    _propertyName, typeof(TEntity).Name, typeof(TCollection).Name));
             }
 
-            var collection = _createCollection();
+            var collection = (ICollection<TElement>)_createCollection();
             foreach (TElement value in values)
             {
                 collection.Add(value);
@@ -107,25 +107,42 @@ public virtual object Create(IEnumerable<object> values)
         /// </summary>
         public virtual object GetOrCreate(object instance) => GetOrCreateCollection(instance);
 
-        private TCollection GetOrCreateCollection(object instance)
+        private ICollection<TElement> GetOrCreateCollection(object instance)
         {
-            var collection = _getCollection((TEntity)instance);
+            var collection = GetCollection(instance);
 
             if (collection == null)
             {
                 if (_setCollection == null)
                 {
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.NavigationNoSetter(_propertyName, typeof(TEntity).FullName));
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.NavigationNoSetter(_propertyName, typeof(TEntity).Name));
                 }
 
                 if (_createAndSetCollection == null)
                 {
                     throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType(
-                        _propertyName, typeof(TEntity).FullName, typeof(TCollection).FullName));
+                        _propertyName, typeof(TEntity).Name, typeof(TCollection).Name));
                 }
 
-                collection = _createAndSetCollection((TEntity)instance, _setCollection);
+                collection = (ICollection<TElement>)_createAndSetCollection((TEntity)instance, _setCollection);
             }
+
+            return collection;
+        }
+
+        private ICollection<TElement> GetCollection(object instance)
+        {
+            var enumerable = _getCollection((TEntity)instance);
+            var collection = enumerable as ICollection<TElement>;
+
+            if (enumerable != null
+                && collection == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    CoreStrings.NavigationBadType(
+                        _propertyName, typeof(TEntity).Name, enumerable.GetType().Name, typeof(TElement).Name));
+            }
+
             return collection;
         }
 
@@ -135,7 +152,7 @@ private TCollection GetOrCreateCollection(object instance)
         /// </summary>
         public virtual bool Contains(object instance, object value)
         {
-            var collection = _getCollection((TEntity)instance);
+            var collection = GetCollection((TEntity)instance);
 
             return (collection != null) && collection.Contains((TElement)value);
         }
@@ -145,6 +162,6 @@ public virtual bool Contains(object instance, object value)
         ///     directly from your code. This API may change or be removed in future releases.
         /// </summary>
         public virtual void Remove(object instance, object value)
-            => _getCollection((TEntity)instance)?.Remove((TElement)value);
+            => GetCollection((TEntity)instance)?.Remove((TElement)value);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/QueryBugsTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/QueryBugsTest.cs
index 4e068586d58..b89fb319108 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/QueryBugsTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/QueryBugsTest.cs
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ public void Customer_collections_materialize_properly_3758()
 
                 var query4 = ctx.Customers.Select(c => c.Orders4);
 
-                Assert.Equal(CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("Orders4", typeof(Customer3758).FullName, typeof(MyInvalidCollection3758<Order3758>).FullName),
+                Assert.Equal(CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("Orders4", typeof(Customer3758).Name, typeof(MyInvalidCollection3758<Order3758>).Name),
                     Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => query4.ToList()).Message);
             }
         }
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tests/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactoryTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tests/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactoryTest.cs
index 0ebef57f689..3f7b9ee5bdd 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tests/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactoryTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tests/Metadata/Internal/ClrCollectionAccessorFactoryTest.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@
 // ReSharper disable ConvertToAutoPropertyWhenPossible
 // ReSharper disable ConvertToAutoPropertyWithPrivateSetter
 // ReSharper disable UnusedMember.Local
-
 namespace Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tests.Metadata.Internal
 {
     public class ClrCollectionAccessorFactoryTest
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ public void Navigation_is_returned_if_it_implements_IClrCollectionAccessor()
             Assert.Same(accessorMock.Object, source.Create(navigationMock.Object));
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public void Delegate_accessor_is_returned_for_IEnumerable_navigation()
+        {
+            AccessorTest("AsIEnumerable", e => e.AsIEnumerable);
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         public void Delegate_accessor_is_returned_for_ICollection_navigation()
         {
@@ -135,19 +141,52 @@ public void Creating_accessor_for_navigation_without_getter_throws()
             var navigation = CreateNavigation("WithNoGetter");
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                CoreStrings.NavigationNoGetter("WithNoGetter", typeof(MyEntity).FullName),
+                CoreStrings.NavigationNoGetter("WithNoGetter", typeof(MyEntity).Name),
                 Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(navigation)).Message);
         }
 
         [Fact]
-        public void Creating_accessor_for_enumerable_navigation_throws()
+        public void Add_for_enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws()
         {
-            var navigation = CreateNavigation("AsIEnumerable");
+            Enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws((a, e, v) => a.Add(e, v));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddRange_for_enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws()
+        {
+            Enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws((a, e, v) => a.AddRange(e, new[] { v }));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Contains_for_enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws()
+        {
+            Enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws((a, e, v) => a.Contains(e, v));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Remove_for_enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws()
+        {
+            Enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws((a, e, v) => a.Remove(e, v));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void GetOrCreate_for_enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws()
+        {
+            Enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws((a, e, v) => a.GetOrCreate(e));
+        }
+
+        private void Enumerable_backed_by_non_collection_throws(Action<IClrCollectionAccessor, MyEntity, MyOtherEntity> test)
+        {
+            var accessor = new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(CreateNavigation("AsIEnumerableNotCollection"));
+
+            var entity = new MyEntity();
+            var value = new MyOtherEntity();
+            entity.InitializeCollections();
 
             Assert.Equal(
                 CoreStrings.NavigationBadType(
-                    "AsIEnumerable", typeof(MyEntity).FullName, typeof(IEnumerable<MyOtherEntity>).FullName, typeof(MyOtherEntity).FullName),
-                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(navigation)).Message);
+                    "AsIEnumerableNotCollection", typeof(MyEntity).Name, typeof(MyEnumerable).Name, typeof(MyOtherEntity).Name),
+                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => test(accessor, entity, value)).Message);
         }
 
         [Fact]
@@ -156,7 +195,7 @@ public void Creating_accessor_for_array_navigation_throws()
             var navigation = CreateNavigation("AsArray");
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                CoreStrings.NavigationArray("AsArray", typeof(MyEntity).FullName, typeof(MyOtherEntity[]).FullName),
+                CoreStrings.NavigationArray("AsArray", typeof(MyEntity).Name, typeof(MyOtherEntity[]).Name),
                 Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(navigation)).Message);
         }
 
@@ -166,7 +205,7 @@ public void Initialization_for_navigation_without_setter_throws()
             var accessor = new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(CreateNavigation("WithNoSetter"));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                CoreStrings.NavigationNoSetter("WithNoSetter", typeof(MyEntity).FullName),
+                CoreStrings.NavigationNoSetter("WithNoSetter", typeof(MyEntity).Name),
                 Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => accessor.Add(new MyEntity(), new MyOtherEntity())).Message);
         }
 
@@ -176,7 +215,7 @@ public void Initialization_for_navigation_with_private_constructor_throws()
             var accessor = new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(CreateNavigation("AsMyPrivateCollection"));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("AsMyPrivateCollection", typeof(MyEntity).FullName, typeof(MyPrivateCollection).FullName),
+                CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("AsMyPrivateCollection", typeof(MyEntity).Name, typeof(MyPrivateCollection).Name),
                 Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => accessor.Add(new MyEntity(), new MyOtherEntity())).Message);
         }
 
@@ -186,7 +225,7 @@ public void Initialization_for_navigation_with_internal_constructor_throws()
             var accessor = new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(CreateNavigation("AsMyInternalCollection"));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("AsMyInternalCollection", typeof(MyEntity).FullName, typeof(MyInternalCollection).FullName),
+                CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("AsMyInternalCollection", typeof(MyEntity).Name, typeof(MyInternalCollection).Name),
                 Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => accessor.Add(new MyEntity(), new MyOtherEntity())).Message);
         }
 
@@ -196,7 +235,7 @@ public void Initialization_for_navigation_without_parameterless_constructor_thro
             var accessor = new ClrCollectionAccessorFactory().Create(CreateNavigation("AsMyUnavailableCollection"));
 
             Assert.Equal(
-                CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("AsMyUnavailableCollection", typeof(MyEntity).FullName, typeof(MyUnavailableCollection).FullName),
+                CoreStrings.NavigationCannotCreateType("AsMyUnavailableCollection", typeof(MyEntity).Name, typeof(MyUnavailableCollection).Name),
                 Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => accessor.Add(new MyEntity(), new MyOtherEntity())).Message);
         }
 
@@ -223,6 +262,7 @@ private class MyEntity
             // ReSharper disable once NotAccessedField.Local
             private ICollection<MyOtherEntity> _withNoGetter;
             private IEnumerable<MyOtherEntity> _enumerable;
+            private IEnumerable<MyOtherEntity> _enumerableNotCollection;
             private MyOtherEntity[] _array;
             private MyPrivateCollection _privateCollection;
             private MyInternalCollection _internalCollection;
@@ -237,6 +277,7 @@ public void InitializeCollections()
                 _withNoSetter = new HashSet<MyOtherEntity>();
                 _withNoGetter = new HashSet<MyOtherEntity>();
                 _enumerable = new HashSet<MyOtherEntity>();
+                _enumerableNotCollection = new MyEnumerable();
                 _array = new MyOtherEntity[0];
                 _privateCollection = MyPrivateCollection.Create();
                 _internalCollection = new MyInternalCollection();
@@ -280,6 +321,12 @@ internal IEnumerable<MyOtherEntity> AsIEnumerable
                 set { _enumerable = value; }
             }
 
+            internal IEnumerable<MyOtherEntity> AsIEnumerableNotCollection
+            {
+                get { return _enumerableNotCollection; }
+                set { _enumerableNotCollection = value; }
+            }
+
             internal MyOtherEntity[] AsArray
             {
                 get { return _array; }
@@ -339,5 +386,15 @@ public MyUnavailableCollection(bool _)
             {
             }
         }
+
+        private class MyEnumerable : IEnumerable<MyOtherEntity>
+        {
+            public IEnumerator<MyOtherEntity> GetEnumerator()
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => GetEnumerator();
+        }
     }
 }