diff --git a/eng/SourceBuild.props b/eng/SourceBuild.props
index c1341c290a5e..e6c924d5bc3b 100644
--- a/eng/SourceBuild.props
+++ b/eng/SourceBuild.props
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
       <InnerBuildArgs>$(InnerBuildArgs) /p:SkipBuildingInstallers=true</InnerBuildArgs>
       <InnerBuildArgs>$(InnerBuildArgs) /p:IncludeAdditionalSharedFrameworks=false</InnerBuildArgs>
       <InnerBuildArgs Condition="'$(SourceBuildUseMonoRuntime)' == 'true'">$(InnerBuildArgs) /p:DISABLE_CROSSGEN=true</InnerBuildArgs>
+      <InnerBuildArgs Condition="'$(PgoInstrument)' == 'true'">$(InnerBuildArgs) /p:PgoInstrument=true</InnerBuildArgs>
     </PropertyGroup>
   </Target>
 
diff --git a/eng/pipelines/templates/jobs/vmr-build.yml b/eng/pipelines/templates/jobs/vmr-build.yml
index d25e605c08e7..16d676186c87 100644
--- a/eng/pipelines/templates/jobs/vmr-build.yml
+++ b/eng/pipelines/templates/jobs/vmr-build.yml
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ jobs:
   
   - ${{ if eq(parameters.targetOS, 'windows') }}:
     - script: |
-        call $(sourcesPath)\build.cmd -ci -cleanWhileBuilding -prepareMachine
+        call $(sourcesPath)\build.cmd -ci -cleanWhileBuilding -prepareMachine ${{ parameters.extraProperties }}
       displayName: Build
 
   - ${{ else }}:
diff --git a/eng/pipelines/templates/stages/vmr-build.yml b/eng/pipelines/templates/stages/vmr-build.yml
index e53063ee0d00..de9aa765d930 100644
--- a/eng/pipelines/templates/stages/vmr-build.yml
+++ b/eng/pipelines/templates/stages/vmr-build.yml
@@ -826,3 +826,16 @@ stages:
             useMonoRuntime: true
             targetOS: windows
             targetArchitecture: x86
+
+        - template: ../jobs/vmr-build.yml
+          parameters:
+            buildName: Windows_Pgo
+            isBuiltFromVmr: ${{ parameters.isBuiltFromVmr }}
+            vmrBranch: ${{ variables.VmrBranch }}
+            architecture: x64
+            pool:
+              name: ${{ variables.defaultPoolName }}
+              demands: ${{ variables.defaultPoolDemandsWindows }}
+            targetOS: windows
+            targetArchitecture: x64
+            extraProperties: /p:PgoInstrument=true
diff --git a/src/SourceBuild/content/Directory.Build.props b/src/SourceBuild/content/Directory.Build.props
index bbd94253d7d2..e587e6ac4e0f 100644
--- a/src/SourceBuild/content/Directory.Build.props
+++ b/src/SourceBuild/content/Directory.Build.props
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@
     <NonShippingPackagesListPrefix>NonShipping.Packages.</NonShippingPackagesListPrefix>
 
     <ReferencePackagesDir>$([MSBuild]::NormalizeDirectory('$(PrereqsPackagesDir)', 'reference'))</ReferencePackagesDir>
+    <ReferenceAssetsDir>$([MSBuild]::NormalizeDirectory('$(PrereqsPackagesDir)', 'reference-assets'))</ReferenceAssetsDir>
     <SourceBuiltArtifactsTarballName>Private.SourceBuilt.Artifacts</SourceBuiltArtifactsTarballName>
     <SourceBuiltPrebuiltsTarballName>Private.SourceBuilt.Prebuilts</SourceBuiltPrebuiltsTarballName>
 
diff --git a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/Directory.Build.targets b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/Directory.Build.targets
index 2d4c14bf3219..906f06f57e3a 100644
--- a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/Directory.Build.targets
+++ b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/Directory.Build.targets
@@ -414,19 +414,21 @@
     <ItemGroup>
       <RepoManifestNonShippingPackage Include="@(RepoManifestPackage)"
                                       Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('%(Identity)').Contains('$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)NonShipping$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)'))">
-        <DestinationFolder>$(RepoArtifactsNonShippingPackagesDir)</DestinationFolder>
+        <DestinationFolder Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' != 'true'">$(RepoArtifactsNonShippingPackagesDir)</DestinationFolder>
+        <DestinationFolder Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' == 'true'">$(ReferencePackagesDir)</DestinationFolder>
       </RepoManifestNonShippingPackage>
 
       <RepoManifestShippingPackage Include="@(RepoManifestPackage)"
                                    Exclude="@(RepoManifestNonShippingPackage)">
-        <DestinationFolder>$(RepoArtifactsShippingPackagesDir)</DestinationFolder>
+        <DestinationFolder Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' != 'true'">$(RepoArtifactsShippingPackagesDir)</DestinationFolder>
+        <DestinationFolder Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' == 'true'">$(ReferencePackagesDir)</DestinationFolder>
       </RepoManifestShippingPackage>
-    </ItemGroup>
 
-    <!-- Building SBRP: At this point the References directory contains the previously-source-built SBRPs,
-         clear it before copying the current SBRPs.  This ensures n-1 SBRPs aren't required to build the product repos. -->
-    <RemoveDir Directories="$(ReferencePackagesDir)"
-               Condition="'$(RepositoryName)' == 'source-build-reference-packages'" />
+      <RepoManifestAsset>
+        <DestinationFolder Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' != 'true'">$(ArtifactsAssetsDir)</DestinationFolder>
+        <DestinationFolder Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' == 'true'">$(ReferenceAssetsDir)</DestinationFolder>
+      </RepoManifestAsset>
+    </ItemGroup>
 
     <!-- Copy shipping packages -->
     <Copy SourceFiles="@(RepoManifestShippingPackage)"
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@
 
     <!-- Copy assets -->
     <Copy SourceFiles="@(RepoManifestAsset)"
-          DestinationFolder="$(ArtifactsAssetsDir)"
+          DestinationFolder="%(RepoManifestAsset.DestinationFolder)"
           Condition="'@(RepoManifestAsset)' != ''" />
 
     <MakeDir Directories="$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)" />
@@ -520,7 +522,8 @@
           Inputs="$(MSBuildProjectFullPath)"
           Outputs="$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)ExtractToolPackage.complete">
     <PropertyGroup>
-      <_ToolPackagesRoot>$(RepoArtifactsNonShippingPackagesDir)</_ToolPackagesRoot>
+      <_ToolPackagesRoot Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' != 'true'">$(RepoArtifactsNonShippingPackagesDir)</_ToolPackagesRoot>
+      <_ToolPackagesRoot Condition="'$(ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts)' == 'true'">$(ReferencePackagesDir)</_ToolPackagesRoot>
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/installer.proj b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/installer.proj
index 05c9ad7a2544..b2fc880124a4 100644
--- a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/installer.proj
+++ b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/installer.proj
@@ -32,10 +32,11 @@
     <BuildArgs Condition="'$(TargetOS)' == 'freebsd' and '$(DotNetBuildSourceOnly)' == 'true'">$(BuildArgs) /p:PortableBuild=true</BuildArgs>
     <BuildArgs Condition="'$(TargetOS)' != 'windows'">$(BuildArgs) /p:CoreSetupRid=$(TargetRid)</BuildArgs>
 
-    <!-- Consume the source-built Core-Setup and toolset. This line must be removed to source-build CLI without source-building Core-Setup first. -->
     <BuildArgs>$(BuildArgs) /p:PublicBaseURL=file:%2F%2F$(ArtifactsAssetsDir)</BuildArgs>
 
     <BuildArgs>$(BuildArgs) /p:UsePortableLinuxSharedFramework=false</BuildArgs>
+
+    <BuildArgs Condition="'$(PgoInstrument)' == 'true'">$(BuildArgs) /p:PgoInstrument=true</BuildArgs>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/runtime.proj b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/runtime.proj
index 9ad2c103588c..3dcaa1eb5527 100644
--- a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/runtime.proj
+++ b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/runtime.proj
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     <BuildArgs Condition="'$(ShortStack)' != 'true'">$(BuildArgs) /p:BaseOS=$(BaseOS)</BuildArgs>
     <BuildArgs Condition="'$(DotNetBuildRuntimeWasmEnableThreads)' == 'true'">$(BuildArgs) /p:DotNetBuildRuntimeWasmEnableThreads=true</BuildArgs>
     <BuildArgs Condition="'$(DotNetBuildRuntimeNativeAOTRuntimePack)' == 'true'">$(BuildArgs) /p:DotNetBuildRuntimeNativeAOTRuntimePack=true</BuildArgs>
+    <BuildArgs Condition="'$(PgoInstrument)' == 'true'">$(BuildArgs) $(FlagParameterPrefix)pgoinstrument</BuildArgs>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(DotNetBuildSourceOnly)' == 'true'">
diff --git a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/source-build-reference-packages.proj b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/source-build-reference-packages.proj
index 7c3650d741fc..c7bb4961abcf 100644
--- a/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/source-build-reference-packages.proj
+++ b/src/SourceBuild/content/repo-projects/source-build-reference-packages.proj
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- All packages built in SBRP repo are copied to prereqs/package/reference.
          Nothing gets copied to the artifacts/packages folder. -->
+    <ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts>true</ReferenceOnlyRepoArtifacts>
 
     <!-- SBRP builds before Arcade so it also needs the bootstrap Arcade version -->
     <UseBootstrapArcade>true</UseBootstrapArcade>
@@ -30,4 +31,12 @@
       SourcePath="$(LocalNuGetPackageCacheDirectory)" />
   </Target>
 
+  <Target Name="ClearPreviousSBRP"
+          BeforeTargets="CopyRepoArtifacts"
+          DependsOnTargets="RepoBuild">
+    <!-- Building SBRP: At this point the References directory contains the previously-source-built SBRPs,
+         clear it before copying the current SBRPs.  This ensures n-1 SBRPs aren't required to build the product repos. -->
+    <RemoveDir Directories="$(ReferencePackagesDir)" />
+  </Target>
+
 </Project>