diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/src/Interop/Unix/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/Interop.EvpPkey.MLDsa.cs b/src/libraries/Common/src/Interop/Unix/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/Interop.EvpPkey.MLDsa.cs
index ed0a64560be5d3..4279cdb1fc94b5 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/src/Interop/Unix/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/Interop.EvpPkey.MLDsa.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/src/Interop/Unix/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/Interop.EvpPkey.MLDsa.cs
@@ -184,6 +184,65 @@ internal static bool MLDsaVerifyPreEncoded(
             }
         }
 
+        [LibraryImport(Libraries.CryptoNative)]
+        private static partial int CryptoNative_MLDsaSignExternalMu(
+            SafeEvpPKeyHandle pkey, IntPtr extraHandle,
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, int muLength,
+            Span<byte> destination, int destinationLength);
+
+        internal static void MLDsaSignExternalMu(
+            SafeEvpPKeyHandle pkey,
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu,
+            Span<byte> destination)
+        {
+            const int Success = 1;
+            const int SigningFailure = 0;
+
+            int ret = CryptoNative_MLDsaSignExternalMu(
+                pkey, GetExtraHandle(pkey),
+                mu, mu.Length,
+                destination, destination.Length);
+
+            if (ret != Success)
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(ret == SigningFailure, $"Unexpected return value {ret} from {nameof(CryptoNative_MLDsaSignExternalMu)}.");
+                throw Interop.Crypto.CreateOpenSslCryptographicException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [LibraryImport(Libraries.CryptoNative)]
+        private static partial int CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyExternalMu(
+            SafeEvpPKeyHandle pkey, IntPtr extraHandle,
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, int muLength,
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature, int signatureLength);
+
+        internal static bool MLDsaVerifyExternalMu(
+            SafeEvpPKeyHandle pkey,
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu,
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature)
+        {
+            const int ValidSignature = 1;
+            const int InvalidSignature = 0;
+
+            int ret = CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyExternalMu(
+                pkey, GetExtraHandle(pkey),
+                mu, mu.Length,
+                signature, signature.Length);
+
+            if (ret == ValidSignature)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            else if (ret == InvalidSignature)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw Interop.Crypto.CreateOpenSslCryptographicException();
+            }
+        }
+
         [LibraryImport(Libraries.CryptoNative)]
         private static partial int CryptoNative_MLDsaExportSecretKey(SafeEvpPKeyHandle pkey, Span<byte> destination, int destinationLength);
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/Helpers.cs b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/Helpers.cs
index abef8564968dd9..e6b8ec6b91fb46 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/Helpers.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/Helpers.cs
@@ -264,5 +264,18 @@ internal static void ThrowIfAsnInvalidLength(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
                 throw new CryptographicException(SR.Cryptography_Der_Invalid_Encoding);
             }
         }
+
+#if !BUILDING_PKCS
+        internal static void ThrowIfDestinationWrongLength(
+            Span<byte> destination,
+            int expectedLength,
+            [System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerArgumentExpression(nameof(destination))] string? paramName = null)
+        {
+            if (destination.Length != expectedLength)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_DestinationImprecise, expectedLength), paramName);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsa.cs b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsa.cs
index 1c9a498a273e49..eb382473d20e7a 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsa.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsa.cs
@@ -120,14 +120,7 @@ public void Dispose()
         /// </exception>
         public void SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Span<byte> destination, ReadOnlySpan<byte> context = default)
         {
-            int signatureSizeInBytes = Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes;
-
-            if (destination.Length != signatureSizeInBytes)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException(
-                    SR.Format(SR.Argument_DestinationImprecise, signatureSizeInBytes),
-                    nameof(destination));
-            }
+            Helpers.ThrowIfDestinationWrongLength(destination, Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes);
 
             if (context.Length > MaxContextLength)
             {
@@ -309,13 +302,7 @@ public bool VerifyData(byte[] data, byte[] signature, byte[]? context = default)
         public void SignPreHash(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, Span<byte> destination, string hashAlgorithmOid, ReadOnlySpan<byte> context = default)
         {
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(hashAlgorithmOid);
-
-            if (destination.Length != Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException(
-                    SR.Format(SR.Argument_DestinationImprecise, Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes),
-                    nameof(destination));
-            }
+            Helpers.ThrowIfDestinationWrongLength(destination, Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes);
 
             if (context.Length > MaxContextLength)
             {
@@ -507,6 +494,155 @@ public bool VerifyPreHash(byte[] hash, byte[] signature, string hashAlgorithmOid
                 new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(context));
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="SignMu(ReadOnlySpan{byte})"/>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="externalMu"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
+        public byte[] SignMu(byte[] externalMu)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(externalMu);
+
+            return SignMu(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(externalMu));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Signs the specified externally computed signature mu (&#x3BC;) value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="externalMu">
+        ///   The signature mu value to sign.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <returns>
+        ///   ML-DSA signature for the specified mu value.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">
+        ///   The buffer in <paramref name="externalMu"/> is the incorrect length for the signature mu value.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <exception cref="ObjectDisposedException">
+        ///   This instance has been disposed.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <exception cref="CryptographicException">
+        ///   <para>The instance represents only a public key.</para>
+        ///   <para>-or-</para>
+        ///   <para>An error occurred while signing the hash.</para>
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <exception cref="PlatformNotSupportedException">
+        ///   The current platform does not support signing with an externally computed mu value.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <seealso cref="VerifyMu(byte[], byte[])"/>
+        public byte[] SignMu(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu)
+        {
+            byte[] destination = new byte[Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes];
+            SignMu(externalMu, destination.AsSpan());
+            return destination;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Signs the specified externally computed signature mu (&#x3BC;) value,
+        ///   writing the signature into the provided buffer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="externalMu">
+        ///   The signature mu value to sign.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="destination">
+        ///   The buffer to receive the signature. Its length must be exactly
+        ///   <see cref="MLDsaAlgorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes"/>.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">
+        ///   <para>
+        ///     The buffer in <paramref name="externalMu"/> is the incorrect length for the signature mu value.
+        ///   </para>
+        ///   <para>-or-</para>
+        ///   <para>
+        ///     The buffer in <paramref name="destination"/> is the incorrect length to receive the signature.
+        ///   </para>
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <exception cref="ObjectDisposedException">
+        ///   This instance has been disposed.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <exception cref="CryptographicException">
+        ///   <para>The instance represents only a public key.</para>
+        ///   <para>-or-</para>
+        ///   <para>An error occurred while signing the hash.</para>
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <exception cref="PlatformNotSupportedException">
+        ///   The current platform does not support signing with an externally computed mu value.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <seealso cref="VerifyMu(ReadOnlySpan{byte}, ReadOnlySpan{byte})"/>
+        public void SignMu(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, Span<byte> destination)
+        {
+            if (externalMu.Length != Algorithm.MuSizeInBytes)
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Argument_MLDsaMuInvalidLength, nameof(externalMu));
+
+            Helpers.ThrowIfDestinationWrongLength(destination, Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes);
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+            SignMuCore(externalMu, destination);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   When overridden in a derived class, computes the remainder of the signature from the
+        ///   precomputed mu (&#x3BC;) value, writing it into the provided buffer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="externalMu">
+        ///   The signature mu value to sign.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="destination">
+        ///   The buffer to receive the signature, which will always be the exactly correct size for the algorithm.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <exception cref="CryptographicException">
+        ///   An error occurred while computing the signature.
+        /// </exception>
+        protected abstract void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, Span<byte> destination);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="VerifyMu(ReadOnlySpan{byte}, ReadOnlySpan{byte})"/>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
+        ///   <paramref name="externalMu"/> or <paramref name="signature"/> is <see langword="null"/>.
+        /// </exception>
+        public bool VerifyMu(byte[] externalMu, byte[] signature)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(externalMu);
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(signature);
+
+            return VerifyMu(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(externalMu), new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(signature));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Verifies that a digital signature is valid for the provided externally computed signature mu (&#x3BC;) value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="externalMu">The signature mu value.</param>
+        /// <param name="signature">The signature to verify.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        ///   <see langword="true"/> if the digital signature is valid for the provided mu value;
+        ///   otherwise, <see langword="false"/>.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ObjectDisposedException">
+        ///   This instance has been disposed.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <exception cref="CryptographicException">An error occurred while verifying the mu value.</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="PlatformNotSupportedException">
+        ///   The current platform does not support verification with an externally computed mu value.
+        /// </exception>
+        public bool VerifyMu(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature)
+        {
+            if (externalMu.Length != Algorithm.MuSizeInBytes || signature.Length != Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+            return VerifyMuCore(externalMu, signature);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   When overridden in a derived class,
+        ///   verifies that a digital signature is valid for the provided externally computed signature mu (&#x3BC;) value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="externalMu">The signature mu value.</param>
+        /// <param name="signature">The signature to verify.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        ///   <see langword="true"/> if the mu value is valid; otherwise, <see langword="false"/>.
+        /// </returns>
+        protected abstract bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature);
+
         /// <summary>
         ///   Exports the public-key portion of the current key in the X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo format.
         /// </summary>
@@ -1063,15 +1199,7 @@ public byte[] ExportMLDsaPublicKey()
         /// </remarks>
         public void ExportMLDsaPublicKey(Span<byte> destination)
         {
-            int publicKeySizeInBytes = Algorithm.PublicKeySizeInBytes;
-
-            if (destination.Length != publicKeySizeInBytes)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException(
-                    SR.Format(SR.Argument_DestinationImprecise, publicKeySizeInBytes),
-                    nameof(destination));
-            }
-
+            Helpers.ThrowIfDestinationWrongLength(destination, Algorithm.PublicKeySizeInBytes);
             ThrowIfDisposed();
 
             ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCore(destination);
@@ -1113,15 +1241,7 @@ public byte[] ExportMLDsaSecretKey()
         /// </exception>
         public void ExportMLDsaSecretKey(Span<byte> destination)
         {
-            int secretKeySizeInBytes = Algorithm.SecretKeySizeInBytes;
-
-            if (destination.Length != secretKeySizeInBytes)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException(
-                    SR.Format(SR.Argument_DestinationImprecise, secretKeySizeInBytes),
-                    nameof(destination));
-            }
-
+            Helpers.ThrowIfDestinationWrongLength(destination, Algorithm.SecretKeySizeInBytes);
             ThrowIfDisposed();
 
             ExportMLDsaSecretKeyCore(destination);
@@ -1161,14 +1281,7 @@ public byte[] ExportMLDsaPrivateSeed()
         /// </exception>
         public void ExportMLDsaPrivateSeed(Span<byte> destination)
         {
-            int privateSeedSizeInBytes = Algorithm.PrivateSeedSizeInBytes;
-            if (destination.Length != privateSeedSizeInBytes)
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException(
-                    SR.Format(SR.Argument_DestinationImprecise, privateSeedSizeInBytes),
-                    nameof(destination));
-            }
-
+            Helpers.ThrowIfDestinationWrongLength(destination, Algorithm.PrivateSeedSizeInBytes);
             ThrowIfDisposed();
 
             ExportMLDsaPrivateSeedCore(destination);
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaAlgorithm.cs b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaAlgorithm.cs
index 63d29d3dae6262..b42bfcc9d880fa 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaAlgorithm.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaAlgorithm.cs
@@ -53,6 +53,14 @@ public sealed class MLDsaAlgorithm : IEquatable<MLDsaAlgorithm>
         /// </value>
         public int SignatureSizeInBytes { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Gets the size, in bytes, of the mu (&#x3BC;) value for the current ML-DSA algorithm.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        ///   The size, in bytes, of the mu (&#x3BC;) value for the current ML-DSA algorithm.
+        /// </value>
+        public int MuSizeInBytes => 64;
+
         internal string Oid { get; }
         internal int LambdaCollisionStrength { get; }
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaCng.cs b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaCng.cs
index 9db61338d40102..ba51f4aba7fdec 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaCng.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaCng.cs
@@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ public MLDsaCng(CngKey key)
             _key = duplicateKey;
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, Span<byte> destination) =>
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+
         private static MLDsaAlgorithm AlgorithmFromHandleWithPlatformCheck(CngKey key, out CngKey duplicateKey)
         {
             if (!Helpers.IsOSPlatformWindows)
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.NotSupported.cs b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.NotSupported.cs
index c79071595dd271..21af405979c1fa 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.NotSupported.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.NotSupported.cs
@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ protected override void SignPreHashCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<by
         protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
             throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
 
+        protected override void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, Span<byte> destination) =>
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+
         protected override void ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCore(Span<byte> destination) =>
             throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.Windows.cs b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.Windows.cs
index 60d89bc6a3250b..30d5615b80a2c4 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.Windows.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.Windows.cs
@@ -91,6 +91,12 @@ protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(
             return Interop.BCrypt.BCryptVerifySignaturePqcPreHash(_key, hash, hashAlgorithmIdentifier, context, signature);
         }
 
+        protected override void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, Span<byte> destination) =>
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+
         internal static partial MLDsaImplementation GenerateKeyImpl(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
         {
             Debug.Assert(SupportsAny());
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestHelpers.cs b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestHelpers.cs
index a03ec55bca7eed..06cb2320105ae1 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestHelpers.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestHelpers.cs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ internal static partial class MLDsaTestHelpers
         // TODO: Windows does not support signing empty data. Remove this and use MLDsa.IsSupported (or remove condition) when it does.
         internal static bool SigningEmptyDataIsSupported => MLDsa.IsSupported && !PlatformDetection.IsWindows;
 
+        internal static bool ExternalMuIsSupported => MLDsa.IsSupported && !PlatformDetection.IsWindows;
+
         // DER encoding of ASN.1 BitString "foo"
         internal static readonly ReadOnlyMemory<byte> s_derBitStringFoo = new byte[] { 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x6f };
 
@@ -28,29 +30,48 @@ internal static partial class MLDsaTestHelpers
         internal static void VerifyDisposed(MLDsa mldsa)
         {
             PbeParameters pbeParams = new PbeParameters(PbeEncryptionAlgorithm.Aes128Cbc, HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, 10);
-
-            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes]));
-            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.VerifyData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes]));
-
+            byte[] signature = new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes];
+            byte[] bigBuffer = new byte[10000];
+            byte[] mu = new byte[64];
+
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.SignData(Array.Empty<byte>()));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, signature));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.VerifyData(Array.Empty<byte>(), signature));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.VerifyData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, signature));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.SignPreHash(mu, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.SignPreHash(mu, signature, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.VerifyPreHash(mu, signature, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.VerifyPreHash(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(mu), signature, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.SignMu(mu));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.SignMu(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(mu)));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.VerifyMu(mu, signature));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.VerifyMu(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(mu), signature));
+
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportMLDsaPrivateSeed());
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportMLDsaPrivateSeed(new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.PrivateSeedSizeInBytes]));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportMLDsaPublicKey());
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportMLDsaPublicKey(new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.PublicKeySizeInBytes]));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportMLDsaSecretKey());
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportMLDsaSecretKey(new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.SecretKeySizeInBytes]));
 
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportPkcs8PrivateKey());
-            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportPkcs8PrivateKey(new byte[10000], out _));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportPkcs8PrivateKey(bigBuffer, out _));
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportPkcs8PrivateKeyPem());
 
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey([1, 2, 3], pbeParams));
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey("123", pbeParams));
-            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey([1, 2, 3], pbeParams, new byte[10000], out _));
-            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey("123", pbeParams, new byte[10000], out _));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey([1, 2, 3], pbeParams, bigBuffer, out _));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey("123", pbeParams, bigBuffer, out _));
 
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKeyPem([1, 2, 3], pbeParams));
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKeyPem("123", pbeParams));
 
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportSubjectPublicKeyInfo());
-            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(new byte[10000], out _));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.TryExportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(bigBuffer, out _));
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => mldsa.ExportSubjectPublicKeyInfoPem());
+
+            // Doesn't throw:
+            Assert.NotNull(mldsa.Algorithm);
         }
 
         internal static void AssertImportPublicKey(Action<Func<MLDsa>> test, MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, byte[] publicKey) =>
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestImplementation.cs b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestImplementation.cs
index 0d63c336370ac2..ec0f6648a86fe7 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestImplementation.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestImplementation.cs
@@ -13,11 +13,16 @@ internal sealed class MLDsaTestImplementation : MLDsa
         internal delegate bool VerifyFunc(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature);
         internal delegate void SignPreHashAction(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, Span<byte> destination);
         internal delegate bool VerifyPreHashFunc(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature);
+        internal delegate void SignMuAction(ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, Span<byte> destination);
+        internal delegate bool VerifyMuFunc(ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature);
 
         internal int VerifyDataCoreCallCount = 0;
         internal int SignDataCoreCallCount = 0;
         internal int SignPreHashCoreCallCount = 0;
         internal int VerifyPreHashCoreCallCount = 0;
+        internal int OpenExternalMuHashCoreCallCount = 0;
+        internal int SignMuCoreCallCount = 0;
+        internal int VerifyMuCoreCallCount = 0;
         internal int ExportMLDsaPrivateSeedCoreCallCount = 0;
         internal int ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCoreCallCount = 0;
         internal int ExportMLDsaSecretKeyCoreCallCount = 0;
@@ -32,6 +37,8 @@ internal sealed class MLDsaTestImplementation : MLDsa
         internal VerifyFunc VerifyDataHook { get; set; }
         internal SignPreHashAction SignPreHashHook { get; set; }
         internal VerifyPreHashFunc VerifyPreHashHook { get; set; }
+        internal SignMuAction SignMuHook { get; set; }
+        internal VerifyMuFunc VerifyMuHook { get; set; }
         internal Action<bool> DisposeHook { get; set; }
 
         private MLDsaTestImplementation(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm) : base(algorithm)
@@ -85,12 +92,25 @@ protected override void SignPreHashCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<by
             SignPreHashCoreCallCount++;
             SignPreHashHook(hash, context, hashAlgorithmOid, destination);
         }
+
         protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature)
         {
             VerifyPreHashCoreCallCount++;
             return VerifyPreHashHook(hash, context, hashAlgorithmOid, signature);
         }
 
+        protected override void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, Span<byte> destination)
+        {
+            SignMuCoreCallCount++;
+            SignMuHook(externalMu, destination);
+        }
+
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature)
+        {
+            VerifyMuCoreCallCount++;
+            return VerifyMuHook(externalMu, signature);
+        }
+
         internal static MLDsaTestImplementation CreateOverriddenCoreMethodsFail(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
         {
             return new MLDsaTestImplementation(algorithm)
@@ -100,8 +120,10 @@ internal static MLDsaTestImplementation CreateOverriddenCoreMethodsFail(MLDsaAlg
                 ExportMLDsaSecretKeyHook = _ => Assert.Fail(),
                 SignDataHook = (_, _, _) => Assert.Fail(),
                 SignPreHashHook = delegate { Assert.Fail(); },
+                SignMuHook = (_, _) => Assert.Fail(),
                 VerifyDataHook = (_, _, _) => { Assert.Fail(); return false; },
-                VerifyPreHashHook = delegate { Assert.Fail(); return false; },
+                VerifyPreHashHook = (_, _, _, _) => { Assert.Fail(); return false; },
+                VerifyMuHook = (_, _) => { Assert.Fail(); return false; },
                 DisposeHook = _ => { },
 
                 TryExportPkcs8PrivateKeyHook = (_, out bytesWritten) =>
@@ -122,6 +144,10 @@ internal static MLDsaTestImplementation CreateNoOp(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
                 ExportMLDsaSecretKeyHook = d => d.Clear(),
                 SignDataHook = (data, context, destination) => destination.Clear(),
                 VerifyDataHook = (data, context, signature) => false,
+                SignPreHashHook = (hash, context, hashAlgorithmOid, destination) => destination.Clear(),
+                VerifyPreHashHook = (hash, context, hashAlgorithmOid, signature) => false,
+                SignMuHook = (mu, destination) => destination.Clear(),
+                VerifyMuHook = (mu, signature) => false,
                 DisposeHook = _ => { },
 
                 TryExportPkcs8PrivateKeyHook = (Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten) =>
@@ -202,6 +228,23 @@ public void AddLengthAssertion()
                 Assert.Equal(Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes, signature.Length);
                 return ret;
             };
+
+            SignMuAction oldSignExternalMuHook = SignMuHook;
+            SignMuHook = (ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, Span<byte> destination) =>
+            {
+                oldSignExternalMuHook(mu, destination);
+                Assert.Equal(64, mu.Length);
+                Assert.Equal(Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes, destination.Length);
+            };
+
+            VerifyMuFunc oldVerifyExternalMuHook = VerifyMuHook;
+            VerifyMuHook = (ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
+            {
+                bool ret = oldVerifyExternalMuHook(mu, signature);
+                Assert.Equal(64, mu.Length);
+                Assert.Equal(Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes, signature.Length);
+                return ret;
+            };
         }
 
         public void AddDestinationBufferIsSameAssertion(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer)
@@ -333,6 +376,21 @@ public void AddDataBufferIsSameAssertion(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer)
                 AssertExtensions.Same(buffer.Span, hash);
                 return ret;
             };
+
+            SignMuAction oldSignExternalMuHook = SignMuHook;
+            SignMuHook = (ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, Span<byte> destination) =>
+            {
+                oldSignExternalMuHook(mu, destination);
+                AssertExtensions.Same(buffer.Span, mu);
+            };
+
+            VerifyMuFunc oldVerifyExternalMuHook = VerifyMuHook;
+            VerifyMuHook = (ReadOnlySpan<byte> mu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
+            {
+                bool ret = oldVerifyExternalMuHook(mu, signature);
+                AssertExtensions.Same(buffer.Span, mu);
+                return ret;
+            };
         }
 
         public void AddHashAlgorithmIsSameAssertion(ReadOnlyMemory<char> buffer)
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTests.cs b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTests.cs
index 27b920761dbdfe..b34834cb1a3c3f 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTests.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTests.cs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Security.Cryptography.Asn1;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.RemoteExecutor;
-using Microsoft.DotNet.XUnitExtensions;
 using Test.Cryptography;
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -86,6 +85,10 @@ public static void NullArgumentValidation(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, bool shouldD
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("signature", () => mldsa.VerifyPreHash(hash, null, null));
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("hashAlgorithmOid", () => mldsa.VerifyPreHash(hash, signature, null));
 
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("externalMu", () => mldsa.SignMu(null));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("externalMu", () => mldsa.VerifyMu(null, null));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("signature", () => mldsa.VerifyMu(Array.Empty<byte>(), null));
+
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("password", () => mldsa.ExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey((string)null, pbeParameters));
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("password", () => mldsa.ExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKeyPem((string)null, pbeParameters));
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("password", () => mldsa.TryExportEncryptedPkcs8PrivateKey((string)null, pbeParameters, Span<byte>.Empty, out _));
@@ -113,6 +116,11 @@ public static void ArgumentValidation(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, bool shouldDispo
             int signatureSize = algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes;
             byte[] signature = new byte[signatureSize];
             byte[] hash = new byte[HashInfo.Sha256.OutputSize];
+            byte[] mu = new byte[64];
+            byte[] shortMu = new byte[mu.Length - 1];
+            byte[] longMu = new byte[mu.Length + 1];
+            byte[] shortSignature = new byte[signatureSize - 1];
+            byte[] longSignature = new byte[signatureSize + 1];
 
             if (shouldDispose)
             {
@@ -126,10 +134,12 @@ public static void ArgumentValidation(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, bool shouldDispo
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.ExportMLDsaSecretKey(new byte[secretKeySize + 1]));
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.ExportMLDsaPrivateSeed(new byte[privateSeedSize - 1]));
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.ExportMLDsaPrivateSeed(new byte[privateSeedSize + 1]));
-            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, new byte[signatureSize - 1], ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
-            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, new byte[signatureSize + 1], ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
-            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignPreHash(new byte[HashInfo.Sha512.OutputSize], new byte[signatureSize - 1], HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
-            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignPreHash(new byte[HashInfo.Sha512.OutputSize], new byte[signatureSize + 1], HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, shortSignature, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, longSignature, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignMu(mu, shortSignature));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignMu(mu, longSignature));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignPreHash(new byte[HashInfo.Sha512.OutputSize], shortSignature, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("destination", () => mldsa.SignPreHash(new byte[HashInfo.Sha512.OutputSize], longSignature, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
 
             // Context length must be less than 256
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>("context", () => mldsa.SignData(ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty, signature, new byte[256]));
@@ -139,6 +149,12 @@ public static void ArgumentValidation(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, bool shouldDispo
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>("context", () => mldsa.SignPreHash(hash.AsSpan(), signature, HashInfo.Sha256.Oid, new byte[256]));
             AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>("context", () => mldsa.SignPreHash(hash, HashInfo.Sha256.Oid, new byte[256]));
 
+            // Mu must be the correct size
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("externalMu", () => mldsa.SignMu(shortMu));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("externalMu", () => mldsa.SignMu(longMu));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("externalMu", () => mldsa.SignMu(shortMu, signature));
+            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>("externalMu", () => mldsa.SignMu(longMu, signature));
+
             // Hash length of known OID hash algorithms must be correct
             AssertExtensions.Throws<CryptographicException>(() => mldsa.SignPreHash(new byte[HashInfo.Sha512.OutputSize - 1], new byte[signatureSize], HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
             AssertExtensions.Throws<CryptographicException>(() => mldsa.SignPreHash(new byte[HashInfo.Sha512.OutputSize + 1], new byte[signatureSize], HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
@@ -915,6 +931,82 @@ public static void ExportPkcs8PrivateKey_HandleBadReturnBuffer(MLDsaAlgorithm al
             });
         }
 
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public static void SignExternalMu_GetsMuAndDestination(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            using MLDsaTestImplementation mldsa = MLDsaTestImplementation.CreateOverriddenCoreMethodsFail(algorithm);
+            int signatureSize = algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes;
+            byte[] buffer = CreatePaddedFilledArray(signatureSize, 0x42);
+            Memory<byte> signature = buffer.AsMemory(PaddingSize, signatureSize);
+            byte[] mu = new byte[64];
+
+            mldsa.SignMuHook = (mu, destination) => destination.Fill(0xAB);
+            mldsa.AddLengthAssertion();
+            mldsa.AddDataBufferIsSameAssertion(mu);
+            mldsa.AddDestinationBufferIsSameAssertion(signature);
+
+            mldsa.SignMu(mu, signature.Span);
+            Assert.Equal(1, mldsa.SignMuCoreCallCount);
+
+            AssertExpectedFill(buffer, fillElement: 0xAB, paddingElement: 0x42, PaddingSize, signatureSize);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public static void VerifyExternalMu_GetsMuAndSignature(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            using MLDsaTestImplementation mldsa = MLDsaTestImplementation.CreateOverriddenCoreMethodsFail(algorithm);
+            byte[] buffer = CreatePaddedFilledArray(algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes, 0x42);
+            Memory<byte> signature = buffer.AsMemory(PaddingSize, algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes);
+            byte[] mu = new byte[64];
+
+            mldsa.VerifyMuHook = (mu, signature) => true;
+            mldsa.AddLengthAssertion();
+            mldsa.AddDataBufferIsSameAssertion(mu);
+            mldsa.AddDestinationBufferIsSameAssertion(signature);
+
+            mldsa.VerifyMu(mu, signature.Span);
+            Assert.Equal(1, mldsa.VerifyMuCoreCallCount);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public static void VerifyExternalMu_EarlyFalseForWrongSizeMu(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            using MLDsaTestImplementation mldsa = MLDsaTestImplementation.CreateOverriddenCoreMethodsFail(algorithm);
+            byte[] mu = new byte[100];
+            byte[] signature = new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes];
+            const int CorrectMuLength = 64;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < mu.Length; i++)
+            {
+                // Don't check with the correct length, since the callback is Assert.Fail.
+                if (i == CorrectMuLength)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyMu(mu.AsSpan(0, i), signature));
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(0, mldsa.VerifyMuCoreCallCount);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public static void VerifyExternalMu_EarlyFalseForWrongSizeSignature(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            using MLDsaTestImplementation mldsa = MLDsaTestImplementation.CreateOverriddenCoreMethodsFail(algorithm);
+            byte[] mu = new byte[64];
+            byte[] signature = new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.SignatureSizeInBytes + 1];
+
+            AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyMu(mu, signature));
+            AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyMu(mu, signature.AsSpan(2)));
+
+            Assert.Equal(0, mldsa.VerifyMuCoreCallCount);
+        }
+
         private static void AssertExpectedFill(ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, byte fillElement) =>
             AssertExpectedFill(source, fillElement, 255, 0, source.Length);
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsBase.cs b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsBase.cs
index 67ae9aedce1173..0d24eb3c03fd15 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsBase.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsBase.cs
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ public void GenerateSignVerifyPreHashNoContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
             ExerciseSuccessfulVerifyPreHash(mldsa, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, hash, signature, []);
         }
 
+        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(MLDsaTestHelpers), nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.ExternalMuIsSupported))]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public void GenerateSignVerifyExternalMuNoContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            byte[] data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+            using MLDsa mldsa = GenerateKey(algorithm);
+            SignAndVerifyExternalMu(mldsa, data, []);
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
         public void GenerateSignVerifyWithContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
@@ -70,6 +79,16 @@ public void GenerateSignVerifyPreHashWithContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
             ExerciseSuccessfulVerifyPreHash(mldsa, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, hash, signature, context);
         }
 
+        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(MLDsaTestHelpers), nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.ExternalMuIsSupported))]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public void GenerateSignVerifyExternalMuWithContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            byte[] data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+            byte[] context = [1, 1, 3, 5, 6];
+            using MLDsa mldsa = GenerateKey(algorithm);
+            SignAndVerifyExternalMu(mldsa, data, context);
+        }
+
         [ConditionalTheory(typeof(MLDsaTestHelpers), nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.SigningEmptyDataIsSupported))]
         [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/116461", TestPlatforms.Windows)]
         [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
@@ -91,6 +110,27 @@ public void GenerateSignVerifyEmptyMessageWithContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
             ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(mldsa, [], signature, context);
         }
 
+        [ConditionalTheory(
+            typeof(MLDsaTestHelpers),
+            [nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.SigningEmptyDataIsSupported), nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.ExternalMuIsSupported)])]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public void GenerateSignVerifyEmptyMessageExternalMuNoContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            using MLDsa mldsa = GenerateKey(algorithm);
+            SignAndVerifyExternalMu(mldsa, [], []);
+        }
+
+        [ConditionalTheory(
+            typeof(MLDsaTestHelpers),
+            [nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.SigningEmptyDataIsSupported), nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.ExternalMuIsSupported)])]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public void GenerateSignVerifyEmptyMessageExternalMuWithContext(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
+        {
+            using MLDsa mldsa = GenerateKey(algorithm);
+            byte[] context = [1, 1, 3, 5, 6];
+            SignAndVerifyExternalMu(mldsa, [], context);
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllMLDsaAlgorithms), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
         public void GenerateSignExportPublicVerifyWithPublicOnly(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
@@ -100,6 +140,8 @@ public void GenerateSignExportPublicVerifyWithPublicOnly(MLDsaAlgorithm algorith
             byte[] signature;
             byte[] hash = HashInfo.Sha512.GetHash(data);
             byte[] signaturePreHash;
+            byte[]? mu = null;
+            byte[] muSignature = null;
 
             using (MLDsa mldsa = GenerateKey(algorithm))
             {
@@ -110,13 +152,25 @@ public void GenerateSignExportPublicVerifyWithPublicOnly(MLDsaAlgorithm algorith
                 AssertExtensions.TrueExpression(mldsa.VerifyPreHash(hash, signaturePreHash, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid));
 
                 publicKey = mldsa.ExportMLDsaPublicKey();
+
+                mu = CalculateMu(mldsa, data);
+
+                if (mu is not null)
+                {
+                    muSignature = mldsa.SignMu(mu);
+                }
             }
 
             using (MLDsa mldsaPub = ImportPublicKey(algorithm, publicKey))
             {
-                ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(mldsaPub, data, signature, []);
+                ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(mldsaPub, data, signature, [], mu);
                 ExerciseSuccessfulVerifyPreHash(mldsaPub, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid, hash, signaturePreHash, []);
                 AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsaPub.VerifyPreHash(hash, signature, HashInfo.Sha512.Oid));
+
+                if (muSignature is not null)
+                {
+                    ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(mldsaPub, data, muSignature, [], mu);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -233,6 +287,14 @@ public void NistImportPublicKeyVerifyPreHash(MLDsaNistTestCase testCase)
             Assert.Equal(testCase.ShouldPass, mldsa.VerifyPreHash(hash, testCase.Signature, testCase.HashAlgOid, testCase.Context));
         }
 
+        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(MLDsaTestHelpers), nameof(MLDsaTestHelpers.ExternalMuIsSupported))]
+        [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllExternalMuMLDsaNistTestCases), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
+        public void NistImportPublicKeyVerifyExternalMu(MLDsaNistTestCase testCase)
+        {
+            using MLDsa mldsa = ImportPublicKey(testCase.Algorithm, testCase.PublicKey);
+            Assert.Equal(testCase.ShouldPass, mldsa.VerifyMu(testCase.Mu, testCase.Signature));
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [MemberData(nameof(MLDsaTestsData.AllPureMLDsaNistTestCases), MemberType = typeof(MLDsaTestsData))]
         public void NistImportSecretKeyVerifyExportsAndSignature(MLDsaNistTestCase testCase)
@@ -330,7 +392,63 @@ public void SignPreHash_ThrowsForUnsupportedAlgorithmCombinations(MLDsaAlgorithm
             Assert.Contains(hashInfo.Name.Name, ce.Message);
         }
 
-        protected static void ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(MLDsa mldsa, byte[] data, byte[] signature, byte[] context)
+        protected static byte[]? CalculateMu(MLDsa mldsa, byte[] data, byte[]? context = null)
+        {
+#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
+            if (MLDsaTestHelpers.ExternalMuIsSupported)
+            {
+                byte[] mu = new byte[mldsa.Algorithm.MuSizeInBytes];
+                Span<byte> trSpan = mu.AsSpan(0, 64);
+
+                using (Shake256 shake = new Shake256())
+                {
+                    shake.AppendData(mldsa.ExportMLDsaPublicKey());
+                    shake.GetHashAndReset(trSpan);
+
+                    shake.AppendData(trSpan);
+
+                    Span<byte> delimOrContextLength = [ 0 ];
+                    shake.AppendData(delimOrContextLength);
+
+                    delimOrContextLength[0] = checked((byte)(context?.Length ?? 0));
+                    shake.AppendData(delimOrContextLength);
+
+                    if (context is not null)
+                    {
+                        shake.AppendData(context);
+                    }
+
+                    if (data is not null)
+                    {
+                        shake.AppendData(data);
+                    }
+
+                    shake.GetHashAndReset(mu);
+                }
+
+                return mu;
+            }
+#endif
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected static void SignAndVerifyExternalMu(MLDsa mldsa, byte[] data, byte[] context)
+        {
+            byte[]? mu = CalculateMu(mldsa, data, context);
+            byte[] signature;
+
+            if (mu is not null)
+            {
+                signature = mldsa.SignMu(mu);
+                ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(mldsa, data, signature, context, mu);
+            }
+
+            signature = mldsa.SignData(data, context);
+            ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(mldsa, data, signature, context, mu);
+        }
+
+        protected static void ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(MLDsa mldsa, byte[] data, byte[] signature, byte[]? context, byte[]? mu = null)
         {
             ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer = [0, 1, 2, 3];
 
@@ -354,11 +472,23 @@ protected static void ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(MLDsa mldsa, byte[] data, byte[]
                 AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyData(buffer.Slice(1, 3), signature, context));
             }
 
+            if (mu is not null)
+            {
+                AssertExtensions.TrueExpression(mldsa.VerifyMu(mu, signature));
+            }
+
             signature[0] ^= 1;
-            AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyData(data, signature, context));
+            {
+                AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyData(data, signature, context));
+
+                if (mu is not null)
+                {
+                    AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyMu(mu, signature));
+                }
+            }
             signature[0] ^= 1;
 
-            if (context.Length > 0)
+            if (context?.Length > 0)
             {
                 AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyData(data, signature, Array.Empty<byte>()));
                 AssertExtensions.FalseExpression(mldsa.VerifyData(data, signature, ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty));
@@ -377,6 +507,11 @@ protected static void ExerciseSuccessfulVerify(MLDsa mldsa, byte[] data, byte[]
             }
 
             AssertExtensions.TrueExpression(mldsa.VerifyData(data, signature, context));
+
+            if (mu is not null)
+            {
+                AssertExtensions.TrueExpression(mldsa.VerifyMu(mu, signature));
+            }
         }
 
         protected static void ExerciseSuccessfulVerifyPreHash(MLDsa mldsa, string hashAlgorithmOid, byte[] hash, byte[] signature, byte[] context)
diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsData.cs b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsData.cs
index 8d9cbb81a3d658..81e817aa0fbcca 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsData.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/tests/System/Security/Cryptography/AlgorithmImplementations/MLDsa/MLDsaTestsData.cs
@@ -110,6 +110,17 @@ public MLDsaNistTestCase(int nistTestCaseId, MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, bool shou
             HashAlgOid = hashAlgOid;
         }
 
+        public MLDsaNistTestCase(int nistTestCaseId, MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, bool shouldPass, string publicKeyHex, string secretKeyHex, string muHex, string signatureHex)
+        {
+            NistTestCaseId = nistTestCaseId;
+            Algorithm = algorithm;
+            ShouldPass = shouldPass;
+            PublicKeyHex = publicKeyHex;
+            SecretKeyHex = secretKeyHex;
+            MuHex = muHex;
+            SignatureHex = signatureHex;
+        }
+
         public int NistTestCaseId { get; private set; }
         public MLDsaAlgorithm Algorithm { get; private set; }
         public bool ShouldPass { get; private set; }
@@ -117,16 +128,18 @@ public MLDsaNistTestCase(int nistTestCaseId, MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm, bool shou
         public string PublicKeyHex { get; private set; }
         public string SecretKeyHex { get; private set; }
 
-        public string MessageHex { get; private set; }
-        public string ContextHex { get; private set; }
+        public string? MessageHex { get; private set; }
+        public string? ContextHex { get; private set; }
+        public string? MuHex {  get; private set;}
         public string SignatureHex { get; private set; }
         public string? HashAlgOid { get; private set; }
 
         public byte[] PublicKey => PublicKeyHex.HexToByteArray();
         public byte[] SecretKey => SecretKeyHex.HexToByteArray();
 
-        public byte[] Message => MessageHex.HexToByteArray();
-        public byte[] Context => ContextHex.HexToByteArray();
+        public byte[]? Message => MessageHex?.HexToByteArray();
+        public byte[]? Context => ContextHex?.HexToByteArray();
+        public byte[]? Mu => MuHex?.HexToByteArray();
         public byte[] Signature => SignatureHex.HexToByteArray();
 
         public override string ToString() => HashAlgOid != null ?
@@ -170,6 +183,14 @@ public static IEnumerable<object[]> AllPreHashMLDsaNistTestCases()
             }
         }
 
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> AllExternalMuMLDsaNistTestCases()
+        {
+            foreach (MLDsaNistTestCase nistTestCase in s_externalMuMLDsaNistTestCases)
+            {
+                yield return [nistTestCase];
+            }
+        }
+
         public static MLDsaNistTestCase GetPassingNistTestCase(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
             => s_pureMLDsaNistTestCases
                 .Where(tc => tc.Algorithm == algorithm && tc.ShouldPass)
@@ -2271,7 +2292,7 @@ public static MLDsaNistTestCase GetPassingNistTestCase(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
                         "8B3B463F6E95AF0B669C3790B433F4406FF0AAFCCCA93761F23941FF5306E860BC536A7E9F875AAE" +
                         "979869B8DE55AB696F6A51F05DAAEECD18C3C22B9E398412025864828389E2F4FF0E195D62ACD32F" +
                         "5090EE1A8E9F0243565A758AD3F46AA0B3CBEEF25584A1AE0017222F393D4E4F53B3000000000000" +
-                        "00000000000000000000000000000000000000090F13161E242832")
+                        "00000000000000000000000000000000000000090F13161E242832"),
             ];
 
         // one passing per each hash algorithm and one failing, each failing for different reason
@@ -5368,6 +5389,2193 @@ public static MLDsaNistTestCase GetPassingNistTestCase(MLDsaAlgorithm algorithm)
                     hashAlgOid: "2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2"),
             ];
 
+        private static MLDsaNistTestCase[] s_externalMuMLDsaNistTestCases =
+            [
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 91,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa44,
+                    shouldPass: true,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "CC54666376A8F353471A16C9D438D64D98916A1DD2E189CA126EA755E33D690AA03BF2D19DE59E06" +
+                        "61A6A5C872EA26FEA8C3641675E3FE1502249F6D47696F93ED862CB8B57D066388D980954AC0A902" +
+                        "960FC21AAD9DE622CB801E10F9A8C85F77DEE8E563CE2EF845FE94646A3FCF2BE04697069B0A1DB3" +
+                        "9C99C4B06459138D0420C2ED4C57B61EADB8A87CD396F18378062B6EAEEDC156DB292A24E6D89570" +
+                        "3801C353FE96EC00863943F0EC9D736B54DFF36E9DA4BCDF1703914DD203F6FB91DF58279EF9D67D" +
+                        "28E0B7F5840E79123DEF9DEB23C5DF05446F2FB833339F5DC778C35E2ABE80B1C7DE0108810FD88C" +
+                        "26DAB205A8450E46F2145F3A2F7B54BE43EE7063612985C4B0A5A03D33A60261EFF14681FC4E1C91" +
+                        "DF5D8A482482164FF1A4FDB9C7F64D27C64C7BF802FB6D6913A627F806D139F67247FC3643583BDD" +
+                        "11C054EB6BFCF5D9B7664B778B89C0F8B6C48C3453CA596AFDB27AEF4C1E99289C8909A822ADFC9C" +
+                        "0AD86B74582B0CDAAE69D290338AC4355AD99AD1904CC170A09498DD9FE63CD7F19EFD4C2F7A2DB1" +
+                        "5254A5B4A4E360DA2DDFED8197744893B77125235C13022D21CFFF8AA96CEC11A5BEA3ACB9B8595B" +
+                        "92F5B04E495A10DA0DFC957EF9B8BF61BCFC3BADFD1EA8FE3BA7FF40F1CBD851999689998B48A78E" +
+                        "8EECF1C70A3B88C26EA60B9098F56D81761B167E188845744A7987BB8110404F36D8DFA7754683E8" +
+                        "C8F67B15C6579F067232F6340EB5747B24A64F65EDE92A039DAFFDBBD1A322CD3CA93D1DB03D5536" +
+                        "209FB12A345F449D98C08C4183EFFF74D2CE562343C1FA235A8D33F1D6AEE6E81AC08209A5395370" +
+                        "BEC02848246209D8AF3F64FB3708224506A3C8E70E1F07C203FD23F6DC1856B32CA049BC87C7A421" +
+                        "23417704DB69496B666D67B04EE85151E2E2922D85E263AA41C01F7CA93B5BAE18A63AD9E99DBF37" +
+                        "02EBA286E2CDCC76AE1F9B88F6F69AFCB994FB944269386C9DF238AFDD24800230074B2307C7F4AC" +
+                        "EECBF4C79CFB480907016D231E40A1F107A6A44923030861C635784678D9AA7C0B385AE8024F18F4" +
+                        "2D65B40194260DE38FA5D0BD3643802D074CDF235F288EB83E4F7DD63242598EFDC03F21FAE4766D" +
+                        "54DC0C013EE13F92B2E8CD9DFDCECEF4E18E607206D88E2C77482347C417412A6D42AF798AEF2736" +
+                        "C8D060C9FFAC1708CB312C581A8686B3055CACD5F6726B620AFFD092561ED218C4521865DA513B9E" +
+                        "EC8804B63BD57A60678F08280DEE9F52A8780EB0FEEB0955517C614C369E8E4C5CB01BA2D819C5A3" +
+                        "C1224A3E79FEAAE3CFAB2AC9C73CA213096F8521789C7A49D4A31A143C65E53405AF5FED2ACA15C8" +
+                        "3C4DC761CBD40A7E8ADAA4298722D1D2D7307CF64DD551A1091C9C30633B62F2535F5C612D1B283D" +
+                        "A34BBE6731CEFA8F334B8E1BC76375035C38E7895C0C5FA0CA63AB61668BD75889E3ADB977F052BA" +
+                        "B420C65E6FC24F38B073D5BA1F0E71E301D524ED0DDA4D93DAD3D6F7E538F8B07E331F9CD450388E" +
+                        "9776573631D1DFBC24E5309DECF810FB6A10EFD6FCD0CFD3E305C47F574DD18884E4F5959B8637E1" +
+                        "18599EFF9417729173AC25428236E7BD4C3C271D47FF633D1C4114D5B0097C43554C5ECDF64FE62C" +
+                        "A008512DBFB86BBA27F9CA3BD4097170DD068D0CE7F510716E02741D170589E64CFB05B6D2E19CD1" +
+                        "01044233A29CD516D82828E6684EE7498B79623FB3F980F13ED2A07514CBBD057106CA0EDB9A10CA" +
+                        "FE878A1EE7792CE390AA5C03E49FC348373BA68429AB06EE9E97153E19CF0E7D0EB9088AD111D725" +
+                        "3BA8927F67A4ECAF7263EB445908C087F5C12EF5FFE089E64E4776DF8FC67A4A",
+                    secretKeyHex:
+                        "CC54666376A8F353471A16C9D438D64D98916A1DD2E189CA126EA755E33D690AEA1E29B5B97E7C0F" +
+                        "70437CD6E8DCFF0D9C30F6704741C5380E837DD14E80902D72231A4F23FDB7C69C1FF0F48A641DEE" +
+                        "1364C2FF06FC4372894B444662F073D7E010A6B44B06E03096AAF18DC4DF66F903C9873EBD21CAFA" +
+                        "C5E623CE82BD0D562332048C066158847008A66119C980CAB450D1184A9234844C9830C4C4200319" +
+                        "2DDA34020A087022496992167114816D09B26DCC122E18226DC28801CC865012104013A004014645" +
+                        "0C452CCA8464500450C320498220004B042421470E1BC8851C29311296885AA6005BA2800107511A" +
+                        "009014894CC2A00C2133528B226E51A461202972592032C0885064247184124513130E1B22228406" +
+                        "22093226180145C1C2652418649B02269B026D18446ACCC641E3067108C2481235521CC170213171" +
+                        "9B266C129140CCA02484288D12A14C9AA80502B88C0B8749D3A651801809A13846229871A1C44D24" +
+                        "216913B264C1A81102318CE20886D2008E4B440DC9B04542342913266449847010112A9C0410C102" +
+                        "8024108D510809C0946C22392CC0382E02904003472210046E54C22989824D23306ADB260A5A186D" +
+                        "43024914088218382D18490440B668E3A684C38860843450C2B884190345D1861112301014186C48" +
+                        "A050CB821102058DE41260A1127022C36000392113C24193A291024946A018914B88701840028C88" +
+                        "415A96840405515C022022846C113889D3B491DA22719136612097240BC791D03202D9284CD43822" +
+                        "88A01089B8411831895984240AA4701106464832520AC89019916481068841808500235112476EC1" +
+                        "B4280296405AB2485236619A066C13238C02164D010671D1384E1AB20CA23066C8288E8292690185" +
+                        "64E1B04882084500070293866D19B1019126725C844114905081128DCAB84D1C44129B444249348A" +
+                        "E39011040791841664C0C090D42432E3384AE0104504A02D9CB271C2C009E3102211800883924123" +
+                        "8190A130290B8920124191E242494C848153280121C291D8C42D23C308049585D8C2518904889C28" +
+                        "4119B5050324050C922502130DCC4024C01005233169DB084912199158486E22294E89B011C31431" +
+                        "4046028A346649105014A38092168D4940010A070900890949084203371120377098A88960446E0A" +
+                        "438061100963A8890C210814C709C38424E0C248E11848CC964C02360544C690E220080189651C07" +
+                        "2E029769D42010D3060A59A06D14C048FB1A5DCCADAD439F22069FF0FA00FC34D2178264FB3E434C" +
+                        "0C7630E20A18FBC163AF11A5F0821EE303ED78345E7F7F8C92A07E2CA82A9DF02BC20E58F095317C" +
+                        "E4B3C898E90290517B0F3F9B003C9D42ADF4B9A658E311B41B7D235B38EB2E36A2C3D29F4938BFB9" +
+                        "80D68F8CEF170DAC0CD7A102C69D39EC01E9B7E9AF1F6840C6CA3B390C58FD3247DF75E161F69EFF" +
+                        "39AEE27AD37692827E42FD2E9194F1DD6622AF6A1F4B92C33FFD5F7F6EA88EF30C4C785263E52CFD" +
+                        "1E1D0685A4FF953D23959052F481EFFEFCC7FF067EEBF3B59A66E34153488080C07CB0D2D5195CFB" +
+                        "5448A6C8E9B79E46B0BE080C743D3598A4E9A975387C754DB099F8CECE6A027ABCF1D568F727D7AD" +
+                        "7AC993C16FF0F19ADE07FB7929707DB0316066FE5AB35135E24DBD3A19A72EC04D0FFAC794E75BF1" +
+                        "6339D5977D3A887705FCB60191E5B82060DDEB56D985E3F289B990B07A9A2D0B2A3BB9E4F831653B" +
+                        "6FBAD8554B8B16D9C25AA3ECDA1AC2B32AF2F55F0A6C5DCAA5EF9702DA6F2FA6075A1923B718B8D8" +
+                        "9CCCE6E1BAF0DFDA0D7509B180970EB84C0ACA8B9695A8F283878A55ACB5A360E8B96D00FCF3F518" +
+                        "C22F35FEBA14668DECCEB0167D21A5D49FC76DB91EF29D95228D7F15E705E91D7480D9BBE0DE1982" +
+                        "668BDC97C703A76DCAA278BC280832D45F05621A9A5FAFFA102A172E543BA3C5380EB20B5DEFA665" +
+                        "4020B49A08CCFD693CE8CAEC190A00E6347DE846F6066F1B000A48EDA723148DFE97BCAB5D92591C" +
+                        "4B5007232A8021A8B76BAAD6111991DF420B790652EB54B5DBB2933C86A05A6D0F0595B9859876CD" +
+                        "3CEE3738BCB990C08039C87501BAE40B38842F2FFF8ED4F9017CEBEFB1367B6D7460251C6977700B" +
+                        "C962A2E0B582E7C2876931E201214905DE237C93AE19D1D18B677B556A509EDC76E3C6422CD0EC0D" +
+                        "D581B740DF92E1B366C7CF2E19CE797511B2F514715ECA342A1157B11A8DA5D4063B397FC7C2D530" +
+                        "50DBE3F716C663D0BDEF571117A9C09AF714495C3CD7A74560DAB41493EA73166208510698AA7B4B" +
+                        "444A181993763DAAFBE6FEAE43EC1A70F478275AD96DF50C3BD89740BD65EC7A689D0AB85DC7E251" +
+                        "EDC784293A08F7EFB7859159607057DF444D0042641A86A66455E9E32918E1DB7838F86E56260BEF" +
+                        "95274102F2F540E68931C699C60C91B17BC5068FF8310E790858D9ADBA119D302D30EBCB72673700" +
+                        "5F772170E3B735F5144170679F092437B7D677070504D51CE1FF9DEACFC43707F490C05547276E5C" +
+                        "821B035596361591DC931EEDCEA158CE4C694DB8D35DA7990C5C32DDE885CD6ABB029A1085466335" +
+                        "F83F3256B64F78B8A939D36F9AFD3A61D3F830B0803F2459A62AE522A5DDCCBAE74E9E6D6E694857" +
+                        "9394FFE8F1BA6DF780E6A436BB011BABB28322DEC0CBA8FD24F01007DA65A15346C0F8B72EC8E708" +
+                        "302040D19EB2709F22213351BCE40E8F84838D4FE1CFBF2A53C6BB1427D4BB72E73C7935A38F7C89" +
+                        "EB9222C5C64C2648F7B1152CA8009212244C8614F616D356260EB52816A42A4BD2D5CC2B4236CD13" +
+                        "F3240F1CC120285F0636104F22CF077BFA9AF92963E2B60E222251E2EB3BD15D51B114A540C5AAC7" +
+                        "92F6A9E289C32F9EF63A28F75FE434C35D22C1F55E46559DC07E2C1B9EE42A6B39BFB1D387267F9F" +
+                        "21949EAC48BCE261AA1BF9C58469F2F4BB68A85A864206DCBFEFB07DBC6446D1EB879F15ABAE8C3B" +
+                        "E1E302F86732B55453EE9C4ABAE42DD2FC0B7E7B4DAB6D7BDA8B42BC427AC78F5E62A6356C0F584C" +
+                        "9130FFBCF307E3652200DCD1A8B86C62F48FDE8D5CEDE7D66B473993699F883404C197301D41BBBB" +
+                        "902A2B6534A3C6B46A920FCF6DB05ACD06DE6FCCBC8B1F9D54D2844A2C1E9F089E89DD02602C4EFB" +
+                        "67D0BF167BF4332299369737856A770AD281552E2884D6E7582397C3DAC9F9A113814D19FA605878" +
+                        "786D9762979042E36CA21C4D281AF7E381783961D5F530D040DFE0324F78D67B65E1BA33A021C583" +
+                        "64E0B683A11C3CC1D8CD11CC831E3C0CE2B93D7AA50757F20AA49F732F8ABA62A10756240CCAE931" +
+                        "F5B5BBFB2AA9DD7DC2B871678C48424281A23A9A6EBB79138E044B8724F2833180C3FCB994DE6B56" +
+                        "9FE05DCF61D03BAF5C958356AEBF5CD39D7C24DD36E9E430AB90FFDEDA2DA3BCB08EB9238BD9E2CB" +
+                        "593C30C965C1F173414C2BD8AFAD407D9D4D0601E83EA9EAC073E10333E37DCF36D7E9727A4896D1" +
+                        "D6CF6F296730F841B963A1742A03E73A864470F0843179A1DCBA136A7C9176113CF00F6BCC117E37" +
+                        "F8D959F11E793D166ACB91C3262770F072E539D5FC61154ACE3F86C219B8DF11722E1B873DB5B318",
+                    muHex:
+                        "210B3DBF8242AD7049A64D58FD830F09F239EB89FEC2A2F05C3005539DA4F52A5E504E71FBC6F9B3" +
+                        "E75DE4717D107A3D3A29E1E143CCDA707D39867CF595CD2E",
+                    signatureHex:
+                        "B2DE7C2563AB34A1357965459ABD4CECEC3A2879B3BDA7360F482B554DE4DABE968D41C74FDFAA23" +
+                        "9EFF0A5FD880EE30FF391310825558F945F9A602DB653434A91E771984BF82C397745962BBEFED74" +
+                        "44769DA1AA776314A49C0B8EF234930E0426622C6067C3206C52A15BAB91CAF323E17BE75EED01D4" +
+                        "CA49B57A6EC5CCB4C969B8FC14BF13ABDA42B61FDA39BD31A32D3D6ED155BA207AE53ED84A26DCE2" +
+                        "BB4C5ADC0254B64E6398159C8A2FF83FEB00AF67D9E48277F0E74BF73678508EEB59B95300E01D0B" +
+                        "5AE608D2E13F7D7BA5B906F8DC246C855D4AC63C106A8160F60298D1F1FB1FCA7DC56279B8DDB920" +
+                        "4571330BB8FFB8F206CCFB9BB2B97EF7E1D45160F46F41EA80A26B3811CE8BDAC0FEE18A55B036BD" +
+                        "CFFA5A58B32EB9CFC8C08B99AA537DBF6283AF6693B6EC01C5C9F628D71474FBC160379AC9BDD910" +
+                        "9C795947BF8E86ED48E991EDEECA6CC0D99B22C771D6EE33990C529C0DCFB6E22EDE5430C427AA28" +
+                        "7CBCAE619C1E5FEF78B135EBCCCB5FF335BD21A1EE0139B85417695C95A7DD5517E8EFD4D430692A" +
+                        "ED7D8516F359B7FE2A7F9F20B26C0C2DA1BB2BED98A5CEB4A2B34166AFAC22FBF1BD9DF1A951DC3C" +
+                        "D6D59CDDA3CF0E30F0F6A3388DDFC464F38BBC0AC9FA7A30E6995243C726C118A16E3ABDAE990B47" +
+                        "247BF5A06F6684A4802C450373C4A9B31E3FC04A86CD7BA9CAB8ED106DBF56EFB167AB35FCE86A5E" +
+                        "77F45D558203F3987F9C4BB45705619AA82171C6863431E9CD1E38615DCEF9DA734C541B1FA7C008" +
+                        "67D15E8E9FE3F2312325FC63FE349C28720155CA7B9D7AFA023BEE2F044566A973CB114B02F700E6" +
+                        "03F98987737E4075F052E4FA6FA7516CC8880019DF28F02FB20F695A63CB571D7616A2FC9DD32431" +
+                        "EC272F678E4A8C4D08113C86C45D4CFC7F93F1F61074EC7AA9A2B6081122E004E62F4B4309535A46" +
+                        "6714FA26AB1D595045798BC3B7B7C6CF7F263757F616A92B5ABB0E26950DBF946E3BA3E71F81FAE9" +
+                        "3F18EE0B8564DB45C5CEC5F735016F319223839D5E433ED82DFD605CA16CDC7D69814F76E4091D9C" +
+                        "2BD6CC58C6C88DFB57AC69F277C503086959C8F7FDEE1847F2B5EBABAA9D79F5D7489204FB0F949A" +
+                        "50E09AB6FEA83F855A21D7B539CB4B5A07F25A88AA9C501879E9F6393E4536934AD2AFBE21DFD0A8" +
+                        "7712285622F56881C9F7A31299C1B81123C7EFF117ADC240C83835AB84C9C5575510A7F1AE1136A6" +
+                        "062D3089B69F8C16002E4C09AFD65170871C250C76E1996A97B70DB3800C1E757CAE6F3A30ED3388" +
+                        "81E5D256CED04FEA9657237A2AC41019A17790DCABEC33990273A4F805A8455CA9EBE8781D80762E" +
+                        "35C1E058A265DDA3A5F9199B22C494CD9AC72DCD146E9423DDED86F526D5FD2FA5344B8E7746E63E" +
+                        "6A491A56AEE76C56E9F9C0E7CA066F80D675F4C04E0C8965E7F9C6A83103E60B50D095605EF631BD" +
+                        "37C3611EFFA979A8E8FEA3411D2A46FD70DC72CC578D9BBED4B9D3CD70011DBFEDE5715C80DF0443" +
+                        "CED6804C2A0DEBF1EBE0010F50158321A52D357D97F2A0186C93D4EB0359554F7891E12111ED542E" +
+                        "B326BB59364E344C5231134AA3E6D08CE3EB146BD79A560EF001A5EC167E2D5E98DDC1FD6089C0AF" +
+                        "82EDD9269EF2DA61A72368BC489291AACC72A6AB512788E1C36EB3E5E54E630E1028457AA7D951D7" +
+                        "2AD65F1220549AE084B3E9735DB00D1FD11300706378ABE3E9425E790C286CAF612055E29434D527" +
+                        "271B6BCBCBBA1F5224882D926E2597A5C1671DBE808CE57BA47587A014935DB3674E95823BA40D82" +
+                        "A7F37AF5C318EEDCBFDF78F8E7D5231B40508AA907FD1F50F7FD30913FB6D5FA3B17F4F785DA661F" +
+                        "FE492D14C997497374018CE718E616D562AD9BB643EFF11330CE4A94351BB8D7A755A591777A30F8" +
+                        "866C2D2B0A2E56A2BAE6C490DB99E886DF9575AFE9D118A0F5524BD685F004FDEC6C07220DED68E2" +
+                        "7C20E0B440AC8D98B502BCF85ACB0E5885539FC160B5C40EBC7BF7AFED62F5F8E8EFD7FB7316D5D3" +
+                        "E45DEE96679F8594AE797FB01177B3A7E65A0E3F92EC46E083D13089206CEA5349463C55A876E08D" +
+                        "A1161CE3FE5870D89856C25615C616D9D117E06D336BC52600B7A3D7CED8236631C7A950E80B0675" +
+                        "98F6308D7A4DF098738700F697FF5349B117571288BE85A48EB282393E7DBAF2313518AED4D63D1E" +
+                        "4812AF24C9EBD71FA1DA9F539BCB484CDE5731EB0C627B63145EEF264B2AAF67D88A19342936B745" +
+                        "861580E03F7CDBB017F84D55C2A92B714CBCF81435197E06D39D078D2530B8DD56F2B5DDB110CB21" +
+                        "FB15A216673FFB1CAAAF32791239046ED7FC588032A005DC814A12F596CA5CE813AD6C23854E6893" +
+                        "F773EAF71078FF4F5A6E948A811FC4A1636C8A7F41DBEC20E7CC966FB75E858FE27F97B86FFA8776" +
+                        "C557F1608AA12A90DC9EA554B15B25A838E17A687E1B6EBB2DA8CBA4021617EAA84E29ACBDA85939" +
+                        "7EE3D01B468B8B97E060408D49FC3580C8B9F987CD47C470BE89B67DC84DCDBF6EE4920472438686" +
+                        "EDD12D64EDBEC8F34B341732A4703CFC79158868F37AF3D5D23BAA41700F649513AC85168560AC6A" +
+                        "74D107BEFB88217743AEEB34D6B2A061A49CEEE1C3BE75A8BE2388E21AE1A246C4894E502172AA55" +
+                        "C5A4CD994266F9A5EDC95FB9F7F69A131BDE7F167E69B7741991DFC3543FEC36800FDF9616914690" +
+                        "31B4684CA2C94A5F77DCFBE3F4B8E42B56CBFCCDCE07FD646DE9D272EEC66C98922F29E4B23B7869" +
+                        "8CFEB00C1121A975C62215DBC231B482FC04A3129F8993773CB40BCC578ACA083F1B050C30BCF2AF" +
+                        "9BE8E9A48CDF8D3814C532418BDF9255F6E47F64882EE634FCE834B72B4DE6EE15E01D14AE20FF63" +
+                        "D1366E78D7EA8755D34039A800801A4A605A7BDCF17B8FCBA9A817501017DD95A309DFE8D34FCB18" +
+                        "D359FACF04FCA6EC694106ADB2434649AFB21CB50E40B959CA97266B2DD1F10E0D61FE5155FB5D9D" +
+                        "D8B0767EDCFD1ACE0657A80BFBF694FE4C2C2914410984CABB6444FF030D877A193B40B1443AAEB1" +
+                        "DA0CE0C5DD53682083B5F8D151969970C68C4B6169116FC524E0939F4FFFCAEDE4FF521D537E18BF" +
+                        "1EEAEF2E66EE5518D8673D1272F2086BE6CEBFCCB69C0D33F1F41441DC6864D90A5A0150F94690C3" +
+                        "524FAFD7E89109EB031EBFBE25C67EDBB6414517411AA969CEAF04438A60FBBB428451976CEB2333" +
+                        "4624E4E25AA002BF9020E75D571472B10FA00E314ABF65693A67FBE4E7A3DFD5B73375F3E6ED9DBE" +
+                        "677E5E8DDA87EFF604FFD1A4ED40FD420416313A585C64737681879699A3C3E2EDF712162A333647" +
+                        "5B9CAAACB0B6BED1F21A30343C3F40494E60C1E60E141A3E56606F9DA3A6ADB1C2C6E1EAF7000000" +
+                        "0000000000000000000000000000000012212C3D"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 92,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa44,
+                    shouldPass: false,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "CCDEF3BE4A55A6AE410299BC2A7757D1F915078AC82281072DF79C566BF1E07225DBAEF63A8FC096" +
+                        "CB54A18D3422C52F386BDFA275353BB29B25CB4D8CC4BF05BCA2DBDFE66C12E58A1AC347BF919A7B" +
+                        "25CD8F66A63D4DA4937D26B63AFE09AA54E2291CFB65C38CAECBAF766C54899FB5EA68491ECF89D4" +
+                        "D52B74906B29534A0706E6471D4172AFECD0596B1B6D0DC5A9173514864539B27B71D5B98EFDB513" +
+                        "0BBE927CEE2ABCAEC5C5B0103B23AA019DA996F4DD43196CF1507D7A4A0E998F2F63C365B1F8B109" +
+                        "BC1B1988F3FCAF3840D5471510E1E1436FB0E1C34061C114EE4403BC70B6EE97B884C9D34A728DC9" +
+                        "6F5B95349DC70CC717F7DA76B9D3CACE8591CBA380A14864A92E32C2FD5D62D13020008D3F754B56" +
+                        "C183EBBAD2A834C5DD2D93655CFF07B60B383662493A37B66C38F9512675081A1F5F7FEE0E5D2B92" +
+                        "B2808A7B75033FAE3E1E6B5B94ED1F2A636807957466ACE6E9AD54A2821995AAED843128AF61361B" +
+                        "5CF598708998432598A33CDC97D462BB6A5A4719500989F082589DD88EDEFCAB5CBFFDD8D09A4F98" +
+                        "FEAC7E3866E858D268B4D2E6306EECD78B4E4316E6F2759A302632B2ACA36B4D4E0C28C05B87A913" +
+                        "A3493B39923F43F407CA154F2A1E14A0A7C621FFC1B70F9C9722B15582D31810ED44980BD47103E8" +
+                        "53F1508BED1C361559E52AAB2FCD2997A5B34F6DE2ACCE36056665D35D9D259CBC67C41F9543C9D7" +
+                        "12B057B596DD41D5D3808069A8D1E11710BC0E96C19A84585BF487CD2AAC3280DEB2C8A131002F0E" +
+                        "2CF9DB4516073552729DA2075EA759F4D914A062FA5B93F1141F12DB90BC497CA95D6C8B7347400B" +
+                        "34B3A144BFC3CDCB4B871203FD6C57D58286FF99A97D5FDBA8E4D9F9BB209AA8CC299733AAEC3B18" +
+                        "C3F61E7A25B6FE47705AD295FCEF149754A35ACB33F31836D1F557BBCD6F22FA29AB13D5498BFA14" +
+                        "4415BABB86C55A70DA5D969141574775B52D7605F5F8840E3F80E12FCDD3B0242C8361DC9BD588CB" +
+                        "8FD5682F7F34BC630DAAEA75478AA1E219F7DD6E4AAF4B867806338ADFC41243E6EC1AA4698276B0" +
+                        "7F7844AAB98BE5462999539B3E75CF717619EE0C99886ECDFA5689E87E8B034206E137E9B39FB4F9" +
+                        "3E98B5C70F347498D77053ADD6477C4EE05B7E01B81FBAA72FA1B1DB10F1C952502AC6C9AAF840BA" +
+                        "AC032B5138906EA92599C719A67C65A36F2D9352D6DAF74A432B98721441205D01AE6F372BB32676" +
+                        "19603AD92AA944F114349CAFB5B3597429AC04D065EFA8DD555BB8AD69F2CBEE0B14171B4E14CA75" +
+                        "85E4DAF0D7604BCD89005A105EA8DB585A936A6B75131B47B7B570458B95C630DA643A93EC4366AA" +
+                        "181DF9439D0DA9136ADDE568AA0DC353355B65DB8A29549FD460A75B494F85D13401E8C0C9C44E97" +
+                        "5B3B4221911E876D7ECF6648C2770F62557C23C5D12B0368BBDD9F875603FE0CC2495C0AAB3964FD" +
+                        "5B22FD177494C37FA1E00ACB84B2C759AC55E1B1B5934A0B880E4702153B6B8A6A3C95445E06C950" +
+                        "7FB49DC08072EA574BA94FA68F315682904F061F7F8DC5E6112DEB30BD64D8E1CA7246CEDD8744F6" +
+                        "F8A38F74766D30CDBCE18CAEB672CBD491E5933DE7C088190CAD8A2732A130D674782C06CC893662" +
+                        "666AED83F320570065AED9B54A470DAA74DCE4A34ECAC09DBCA7CF68E72460442C6403F2C032434C" +
+                        "7B4F04CD3D963ECCEA0C6B747C371B1509114A1020DE1C7497ACF9AE68B15C003A163C89E8F625C3" +
+                        "9C61000B088514CF2136A0DD30B0341368C2C3BBADF0641CABBB168780F0DEB67FD46A526811898E" +
+                        "19DBAD2C384E3AA91212D2A8B00758AEF55622A243B71ADD10600733A2C5C95C",
+                    secretKeyHex:
+                        "CCDEF3BE4A55A6AE410299BC2A7757D1F915078AC82281072DF79C566BF1E072DE3D3E91F438ADA6" +
+                        "FD6EF83D31A8FE5913E5B69CB10169824623071ED1045A593C3D161059A0231178B1C2FB4DDB71EB" +
+                        "F464922E1923160AE3F724A6390537CF44E03A0FD550BFCC5F3DADB791336A874F115D376DDDA265" +
+                        "EF6D6915F8D8130CE3085204224EC8060C83964CC0882484B4608816125C000E63983080460DD224" +
+                        "041B1831991866D4C42504A20810B92808C40458142993304842442420016211154942986902184A" +
+                        "44A46483468C43046C08A528DB8625C4308E02376CDAA2245C966D48126D82968CD9C620DC200CA1" +
+                        "4072080246603880DB2665042145C4360C89B06D501220A0B0450C47529BB011D2208651384CC338" +
+                        "64C1348CDA222C1B473140C831D2300018A17141086D1812200C308E12C89114416901C92941C450" +
+                        "A1C051C0260D11278ED33448811652909084C1028EA00041E3A64C4136718234118B3650C9389240" +
+                        "961018346E0B00091BC20424066A40182C0CA43013294C08454958166810358C14236293A22DD4A2" +
+                        "81110931D926605210815CB07020A26801C249D924448B109008282862B2418C1450001248C3980D" +
+                        "CBB44C4C484D13244CCC202820332C82B80518322C801611C8142E62064D03188409B18D441806C3" +
+                        "C808121592021670DA368603008251B871024480A0B825D8461043A0511A0329D492311A242A9214" +
+                        "30443865820640990620CA928CDC94245C48854A120623162E04956859B22820A22811A45123A141" +
+                        "81322C8B4889114969C3164D590091834471234592902261D9204141082EE280811C17040999851B" +
+                        "252A63980C54128283226C13C98502C3684C3891500261444808E100521A304509A929DA46040020" +
+                        "61DC9261CA16524AC650420452C94440C2C08581A08802A091D23265132324A1048E62102923194C" +
+                        "91286D1C248A1BC19061142901A38942405252A09002C2216038608A484A84880124244E0AB26810" +
+                        "2550100385C0062D61868911A289A2120819029209A34D90C285108090521831E396010B4122C882" +
+                        "6C48900D5312491446020242880198218412220096215138040048659BB010E3B08C109505CB1480" +
+                        "4C86041B28510023049AB24D48A090A4104E4AA648224772E48251C8B261A4A251530621E2840D80" +
+                        "2428E08029C2C2101204041C457013A265CCA84DE014251C361180022601232C13140A43A889A424" +
+                        "52A29891983008C9A84CD2162084986C5B3E670B52E742FF18D65DAA5918B0A02F49CB6F173B4391" +
+                        "81588B3D8377DAB51B84A8E5CC66F92CEE7595015488891C8A9D9421CAA103B14FEAF08DB6FC0BB2" +
+                        "DB97EB0FFD68BE0A79A1B9564E65FF995EB7D21BFB26974B2DC1983D0DAD8600AD122B355BCBCC96" +
+                        "CFDE8D1D6B3AD6A09A99587C0269C4CED152BEEF6777F0A01C2DE6CB85CBD59A57B9915F1AC9F58E" +
+                        "F3F34A402F050C66911F917A8DF82B79C5FF3DC96CA4F0CB70ECC108CDA0AB3A1C837A54C1BF501C" +
+                        "D082D4D28C351C18783164BBDA6A3135AF629BCD0D02F0A9D69A0A8ACB770AA5AE942725146042C3" +
+                        "4952EFE095B4B31AA3D2BB695483387C6814953B335CA625C11D335150A43339576405ACC9C6E72E" +
+                        "D778ABB124CE473F30D8CCF14D3423D464037E763B0FC3ACDE1325FCD6B4CE4E34A123F83389A5F1" +
+                        "E98601A33AB5F8ADB51F4765535F40EB4292F335EAB5C7111AFDE0E77C8DB52499DC322C5249AD7E" +
+                        "1D157CD8421F3C1E46515A66FE2E0AF0FF0E0A73EB7F0069588FF951D6C49373444060598B627CF7" +
+                        "CF8D7F2A8A61289CFDE00409FAC9C4E9BF9A8EC3BA4F6EF41438839C84D3FBF7E7CB7103AE83ABF8" +
+                        "DEA88EC5B328D5261D8EE011FF8BE96D8B189F6DC27A754FCA70A751119574031B5113BD5FCB2D78" +
+                        "F7DB43C82320B36F2E51FEB777DC241FFF2F018B2CB722E59E9B37E916740A811E83B05C4BEB099C" +
+                        "0A10619029F9AC8CE549DF547C84C36DACB1A933BA2355651C1D6927E207104D6B7D7EBB4F35C44E" +
+                        "17AF8FC9A13BFDA193A5B98D8D7AF08D6A20C9697CBBD5C7AA9A176DFE24668743F8A7082416DFA7" +
+                        "A8C7A0EEFF3954A6F515554961B29DA471E3C52A00AFDB41467B19812ABFE47EF345DC4113A5EC47" +
+                        "8EABC89AACCA74DF4187E2FE605BF001B92BFF9D23445494DE5A4CD2D4FE703FF82E43B9FD2202E3" +
+                        "D74DD52C8AE0BD04957756DAB77B6859FFF97E41621238D67F7DC20C2A5ECA51F5BA970336C6B48F" +
+                        "D69378CC691E8B0A232121DAEA6FDB312981412A91CE8775F9E85BE0207307B74A9C35C6985F6CA1" +
+                        "D5A22535DFB65297C72D9AE62C9E26E22A0A3D41C7112E0CDC163117B2F8DA90EF62F94CD9C9D3C9" +
+                        "0EDB9DC6C51A9C82F78164EA54CD3FED161E58AFAF10B4E5A4A0F77A56886A718B593AF6E1D0192F" +
+                        "87E09F084080E880C6431B32E2FA19BEFFAB3143F10D1130A757168C68A35ADC152EC22C64F85E57" +
+                        "B772F3C2ADC6E58CF0CE4130E12E8278FD31EBA67E3D7CE1BB7DCD9BDDD37CE048B2BA09E821FE65" +
+                        "3621A458E2A3F0FC383B17708F975737EF5C4EC339162CF76DFEB1281CA7D09FF05E46B6600A3948" +
+                        "CEC4B34593520CDE17CD4B75B6D7FF2F5223923BB58915CEEC07BB86BC36F7E3506E0895325E8759" +
+                        "33221E0EF6F5C606D6B224119001409F3FB86C9D8C7252EE7B25437FB2051A7426AFEA59C71C892B" +
+                        "435DE9CFE4FA0B0DAA20DADEBBB72901AC1ED3AA0AE16E85EF4D2AC54C4F26F420004D19C1AF657E" +
+                        "A76DB75B164D24F79A265996081715E8684AC1ACA0A1673EB8D2FACFA9209D8B3A9E772F694CC087" +
+                        "441DAC4DCC38752AFF19ECBF0A66130E13A1EB1CEEC4D401FE41D892F04AE45F8C8CCAEBAAE166A8" +
+                        "2011C7E4EBD62DD919099746804977A1CC825582C75E6A403F1B0F8B00817E2E967BE4C597F3F274" +
+                        "B1D97C496A471CF579E495EBBE3DCE82EDF9EA76B72F316A24527609AE5E25AA877D0AE2DC215212" +
+                        "03004AC3CA0EDBAE3A34072A79604F0813B7B02FC57ED75FFEBFAAC13F6226CFB81B303F8446CBBC" +
+                        "6D56BCF9A69D218C9A568ABF42AB0E5D8C25586FCFBD18CA514ACF9385BF5912F1708B8E97E97806" +
+                        "245AC5FCFF2FF928E00C1217AEC463C3941B2348807D70A09291F318E0A22351AA156EF0C81A46F6" +
+                        "F69E466A9B09AC36D3B2F1B47AA37BF36F35DF90EA48E201AE2709E56D9C42121D220635FBD08484" +
+                        "99151F7ED5078F9B966FF4C4D10991E57D45DC1E54938E0374A7573BA3003A5C6527A93BDE97E820" +
+                        "0CF781E94E00365BBC65C4A50B8F8E8355D9B6F9395B024F737827C174CFB7967F9FF30184A607B4" +
+                        "4BE4AF82314BD872484628327539454C0017F2C17419721108593F7232332C2BF518BA2AB7F60CFC" +
+                        "8351D081C9A627B29A543BD9C2A9EBC7A6B610B2E164DB9D6984B18803A63AA59CCA5230BCA23F6A" +
+                        "806C779F510762E1D28E40F8595D43D1C120CD40D7DD11D5CDAFE22AAEA5594F91E921764D1B7F99" +
+                        "EDCB0A35932016C463590DDCB8CC215CB5F0630226BA57537E1410D92072713DB1D171B978317590" +
+                        "744565495DEDEBBEECBA855BC38B3B06D871CE5D49B4F6830A52E8FF427793D4A1D3A793E364420B",
+                    muHex:
+                        "1EA679BD0FBCB3887E5907313DA513AF9A50CF5C586DFAA984267B345460D4DB65C7FD1724328545" +
+                        "247983224352434076F42D4746ADAD1BBD9EEF9501D70202",
+                    signatureHex:
+                        "5A2819AEFD47968B00BE54A3F5F1CCF5E2F995BEA0DADF25B5D8C3E8218F4F1A0183F0AF238750A2" +
+                        "261C2423C88369E09CD0EF34DF7F108A3E437F4296B07F8F43B8F34ED67D0B121597C8BC99CA6B3A" +
+                        "4F9C2FCE45687090D12AB2F7A2956027A2D2976391B34943BD5B30164A26F6372CDECEE7FDB0F167" +
+                        "7A428BAC8CC898EB88300B277209F3BE9BC3503CE7A84BEC9EE006826AFD7B9A5BB35654719D50C5" +
+                        "11BE6A62A9EEB7ADA7DD342422766BE614CD3897B050A70F93C6EFC62DB90C2276AE26F252E8A269" +
+                        "B3F7EDD0B938229DF937FB7452CDD40E77EB22511C7F6318CC8A6CAC9108295938695417ADA63F8C" +
+                        "2C1DB63A4AC16B8B8D518574B9A5C7292267D60FA1975388EF838B41286FD17572D0080122D47D7A" +
+                        "92D85FB4E0C7C14491C1779E81050D4F8D4202CB4B35C7B6B701290C7589132D8B85151849380F5B" +
+                        "195DBC6468F22213A6034B9E72CCC3D6DE7DDAA00DA719694D6975E9DBFA6A44F8DC67138ACA5F70" +
+                        "A37738A551AAA00D413EA37F0CEA9EBE931D86E1DF316DDA9008C21FCFDC9031AF372F56651154B9" +
+                        "AEE6979BBDB71CCCEF33E2492CC37F79B6F41688E752DB5C8C1E844FDA1336736314B5A832A54DA7" +
+                        "968B7121451601A5568C1DB6CAE10F71BE9507EA0D5840E8D938309CA20785100244585A9CEC8036" +
+                        "DE115F7BB5CDF3D898EA351379A5EDA06484C080924F1A45990D80ADCA50F8CF5F0C36479097075F" +
+                        "8089E06842D86DF1C5632BE7629F61A3F261AF445D59E07CD1D2D1AC826234933C4A29662561D8E8" +
+                        "EFC4C887BE9970AF8EF9705FD38B16DA47B9198AF1AA697C58DA79809A2153AA4C4C6A7E4E04D958" +
+                        "20A662D430135FEB5E2EB96E11D1CEC5B3B67185FA9574D2C8D8CAA2EF907B3C062894C8BF19B251" +
+                        "034520833D42A4D96DE7E540DDB19F01F984C742F4344D35E328E0D491063A48CCFF08B794458B7A" +
+                        "1BB331E0024EB5A29DA8B6694A2937FC89767A12B4FBB852586E4CD75F3B3F2247C0C96F39924F4A" +
+                        "D4A0141D58AC35FFA029781FC6B1277195350F9CC20BB02738ACD28CB44FD174C31F09CE7713C4AA" +
+                        "1A0FA3CD0C78071768BDB7A0EE8A9D3DD9404C706B0AD902474A19B9A862F5C6C19F7CB101060AA1" +
+                        "E9F65527D6ED044771D0D5A8FBF048CA9466BD574D52BB0C25C865EFA69E20BBF0C6C5B1FC7F4184" +
+                        "B498B7DFBD02506356F01149F0CA18B19FE77D794F7C331798C808DCADE3ED9688D6DA904B72FBC0" +
+                        "C9CBD6A8B67728B348C2D371485E310D99B6A1A64EB8DEDFDA4B0916F0D77BD4E10CE5AB6F02576C" +
+                        "79FFB777FB91AF200465CC751A87244D65731E0AFDC5B3FCFA8608830A958151C02EC4A467713C0D" +
+                        "E9C6FB7AD92E414D6E076224B963524ED77F8CC55243844A7F10986B3A6409E1897216F81D5D5F51" +
+                        "6F0159E1253C7F7D25BEC6847A801A3CF337AC4BFC4DC87CA8F7FD2C5407B9980DEED3E25D31FD56" +
+                        "CF373BC815430C9FAEA60885223D4E56B190263EAA4676009B6C92100E83C9C538B8BF158595A8C1" +
+                        "71C2E4B2D0A16DB09E9D5E1DC2A5300C0AB74306CF107A8C71E4DF2467AD9CF6B81EE32BC152E182" +
+                        "5871858EAD18B1D6206138358D5B7212DAB332401FB3A000DA18358D64D1E759E6770B1A83C174AA" +
+                        "42A74F52B0A96BCD802FDE7348AA0DDF57AE83E46D5855032D527626EF2562515DE42E57B9F0200A" +
+                        "3306118FE4D2CF93D0A8504F3D26D0FBEC6860DC16B993B4ACD26794AE027814CA8084A217D40EB2" +
+                        "4631FB5221FDEFCAAEEC72EDB0C73E37B402D8F2C2F184DED69312AC41E45578B67DDEB32853599F" +
+                        "9BE7069826CF77446AB0FD86218C4F23B774AF85390148D9213C64C4232AC67A57757E438ECC7572" +
+                        "321A3F82F255D9EF3B60D0913BF45C7A5CBF054A9D02F65C32C5FBA29EA0D448F9D433BB78CACF53" +
+                        "B94EBBA97F37DEC2F69793E408AC836A3AED474AD6B1F61AAAFBB94838BECFFD42E68B0B1F12796E" +
+                        "B09F5FD33A44D8F665F5CBEAA8D81540715DA2CF15E709B01C07010FA84487800B911E3C0782C52F" +
+                        "44C7D1F3933BC40D74E43F666183F09F4F850AA174FD8491A78ED2AE4F30947BF2866475DB5D2510" +
+                        "C7B6A8FE7D72B3DE3B73EC6FF21C5ACF4F2AB75A8867ACD32B6CE08876F5168F959D55FDD816B114" +
+                        "C41BBD3134E2AC6033E50EEF25BEDCCF1B5BE7C629B15BA4480E1B2498796C8DA144CA8FBC0871DB" +
+                        "52C4AC9D742ACCE8B431D54AEBE6789FE58A0BE8BD2881AA43D4265DD30F999E854FF8F802D39F13" +
+                        "081C15A9B32A0D9F701C8845A2DABF5B624B6EA5EAAF78E13EB0BECA139E3116AACF4892BAF1D851" +
+                        "CDF92E5718E60AB0DCE2FFA649619A27F2340459F4E9C36703F16812060BB8A7DBA75E19412631E4" +
+                        "1E3541204D4A0D9BB35F1496552F2A20AF87D13950BC561561F318BA425CDA2B2C601BD6B31AF7D6" +
+                        "FED66152255FF07097029EB136ACB97278D74A7D7684DA85E778396953A138E2C650CE8A0792B336" +
+                        "D0D30C5048F7AEEE2E9AC3149CDC4BE8F667D7658E645ABAEE8EF19D038B1CD835959B290EC0C6C2" +
+                        "B79C21F467FF0BB21EB8CE58DD1255C04DED0CB578AD01C40A485A55CE36FEF890EFA4D9612A5A95" +
+                        "093462C71C58FE114C776A67F49C4D914652767A9BACEC870FC2EF5FEA629B1857A4DAC403DA3F60" +
+                        "EE63B6DA1972556966E5EB4EE43F790D61A5CBD8E429342430CF9A5A71E687B8629C51C5B1372A1C" +
+                        "DC4DDC203ACA16617C4FEC98527A7DBA07B9C273F866CB272B77900D52B8431C72995CD2BFF2C239" +
+                        "16741E4FB42E14EEEC389BF356367752F6CDB62A5252BB6254EF4179E1829080ABDB4F1476376AA1" +
+                        "D41F3C09DA71B09D73E6D36726D50E95C8C9C730735EEF70B4F279C94B6133593ABFB5FC1EF37F73" +
+                        "F3F5CE1C26A2BE43EE961763130ED80ACCD02B18550AD848D57772D93EDEFF4DDCFB03685A130EB9" +
+                        "ECAF1533CFE162846B7E6222E4B364381EED1C5A56F00716DDCD830482C088C059E7E6981BB8F731" +
+                        "EF3449AB11B8B0DF91ABBCCABECF94296414764ED476201021255D622E77C87067642C13F1CA0648" +
+                        "3FA164CD8EFED93902F03E6F2320A936638B827AF3AABE85E03E167EE5776976D6506531B6A8E0F4" +
+                        "B0C48BD5A71EE9612E1CF61BC0B9B4E618FF695E8219089AA587960783E3D27CC7AD2A7A6184C73D" +
+                        "DE5A3E027CE3D9AFF4DA965A8EAD190723FE448C17A51149C5906E6975FE4872D347C4BC0F6DCDDC" +
+                        "657E7ADBB4686FAF65F4B5E4669587D23A60AD8A9588C0F29DFECDE63B99B0BBAE2913E7CD51E767" +
+                        "5C1AA9CD66D779DEDD02B1EF6CE4DAA2070D0E1A20232D2E3A4394C6C8FF132E367FA1A6ABAFB5B9" +
+                        "DD01182247525E61697D95A4A6AAB2B6C1E1ECEEF904090F1B2143495455698D8F9195B3C5CFDAEA" +
+                        "FB0000000000000000000000000000000E192D41"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 93,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa44,
+                    shouldPass: false,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "2F89674EE5224792B540FF33A1082A4BB841BAC41E4C7AE386F4320460951CA585D221EB6E6ADB9D" +
+                        "038AE9ED8695CDCFA0062CEC0FCD75BB5335ADBDCB96EFBDA01A69808F44BA7A46EBED20FB44A6FE" +
+                        "C69B3D5AFB30BCEA707A47D70574B17AEA71089679886F9C8A0E133EE51B91C18AC7C4FF81B45B65" +
+                        "06065B610B9602EC44812D2C620891957DD73FCFD17C6ED115213CE897BB6794FC96DFEBB21CCEE2" +
+                        "9B733C408167EBD24AEEC17AA17162CE602F1EF10910616DBC3ADB73A364D723AB054CA3B155A875" +
+                        "17072997118A5320716EA7F9F209D10B22DFAC6B0C0BA503CCAC9DFB195EB78BC1E2238DAA312A94" +
+                        "BA3D7A62E7AB9596352E28ED1B766A5FB4883D60062810BB96EDD8443A5119743B64E15FF410B2DD" +
+                        "3D1C196358A3382629BBFC2E54B30CC7243B7414C50B44A46D3ED66437585B873445EF157CA39AE1" +
+                        "A2AFD901580537AE144B45333E02272B84A45171D8095DF49CFA473182DC6F3B1A5517FAC91FC054" +
+                        "E710B49F99AA3EF3DA4D2B3D2D6DC754ABF1423ACB4CDA04A894A7ECFC12E605B58F6816873003E9" +
+                        "8E85DBD775598D575E358424E64F3DD649C2E2282B151EA2490F62835DF2BA687E5427B71B40EAFE" +
+                        "CF93808BFB964D9D4FFA40F0CBE9E883C80ACC6D35054A08A0DC82BED62BC5ADD4806CDB37B012DB" +
+                        "BCD1E7697F5B53CAAFA2820D0508C56BF350E9B484987798F8BD271B08F1F9008FE78AE7E039004B" +
+                        "25A87483D52B4A9E3534B7720FCF34E54CE2A742D0238EB28F4651F1C0C414E2F2639191FF68B48D" +
+                        "6F1BBB5D8759EDBDA822A96FD8DE86160EBBB8F0378DBCEB12CBF133BD7B494F5D911C07ADA204FC" +
+                        "B2EF4ADD22653896FA123C6CAEBD32E270F098782DAD0A388ED66B3E0C3F57F151B499A782F6977F" +
+                        "B7E2F1CB53C37E1FB3F2CE7112980E11CD668EC26E1F1B79EB3EA0C1398BBDF5BCB2CD383E789899" +
+                        "9618C408E8388EEB01A17A5AA9FC7CEF64C3C540E27D0210AC16966F61E6AC90CE67069368975BFB" +
+                        "FDF302E87917C29CEFD2D5A92DC898F2469695153A374E2DBDB668362EF78294CED70E3BFE1C446D" +
+                        "881226F7E2BDF866AA304C39900B1C0171EFE76E2F9461C8955BAB2B186A858A9F1555DD5B3D2861" +
+                        "F3C1E9150E9A1B75B35FFE89EE5972F6F6EB4091CD03428EDC6EE479090D89756791D357E0DE46DA" +
+                        "197E398E3C24B66D4DEA26122C1E8C4A675CEF3ECE5536E29B17B1CF7D4526257BB83586D2EED8FB" +
+                        "CBEB7FA112F34B0F260AED41D5488EBF2265801DB2DB3179B26A57A662F6B15E7FD2E789348F18C3" +
+                        "3E4B097245053F5999ECDE82BF0C0012A2EBCE5A03983DCADB103A379AD4CC435C9FBF7F3FC87AA4" +
+                        "69ECBF71376A2A17CEB90CEDB8344BFB1B0C406915E2E3CE6DBFFF5B63FE5F7635589442B7127BF3" +
+                        "689948B7DFE5E0ED0FA643C688592DFB63254E41FC292FAF771BA35858D932D59C60FCF05A3B5E90" +
+                        "4F493B1803554090648A3DD3EAE8C9D4BE4D66AD991950220CEA0B422C67C3905B7FEADDE1ED9E2E" +
+                        "1F3AF4F8396F43B871C24D6B0B4939B22B1F69CB1376F70934DD7D47D3F3ABE676A52BFB7C20FF78" +
+                        "074296CE0CCAB0A12AF7860145E119A1236211BDBE287A140815BE737A4AE39FA5CA587CC9A21987" +
+                        "3ECD3B8D15A980242903BF510C2B7174F2633821D1940E0EF529B518DA8F2E364A68012C3FFB8963" +
+                        "5DE5E665CFBE8ED6F84AEF8A54BF362CD8DDE4FBC99A6A319280EC6ACA30E791B319F4E747A22D3E" +
+                        "2AA41F9F488C818AD12B8EB77A643312101842C81BA0B20E23D815BA27743746EEF70A897DC75B76" +
+                        "9DD063D13E10D74CE966F8372AEA2EDC87BC0887A7C6FA87B5B061EB94150845",
+                    secretKeyHex:
+                        "2F89674EE5224792B540FF33A1082A4BB841BAC41E4C7AE386F4320460951CA563AC7C32D9FAC7D6" +
+                        "7D256D961F5776E61FE30A3830579CEBE1FE2DA65251B99AEA8BD52CA437427542286EC4308B288A" +
+                        "9FBFAF4748C0C629C7D682887D49E7964CDA142059344B9CF5B5D238E9EB3D5B6A78A2AA2211F29D" +
+                        "33F60C40B90B8DF91889001C0651C9120E03B6105CB2858A26721433210BB0481B417214A40590B8" +
+                        "11C24611E0B04C580408C1060C60428C8A96450CC120A12644622892A1268E9A241040C28112C049" +
+                        "D3B840CC084E44000A8808891C91898190310A144DC81091A3B2658332656120510A180510208520" +
+                        "A14CC98831A18851C1A471E1B2419C248C988210123746518024E314094016821C294C52286CDCA2" +
+                        "2CCCB849529044D9A28C09364222390E02B19110B7859A44518C2009C1307150862859A2700C2966" +
+                        "82824C4A80884A182CD2146E24142DDAA25021370A03368A4044891807205B9468A0C28C4A08849C" +
+                        "0232A39281D3A485C4B68108116918094109452A12A585D2362623988D02B848898640C3908DA2A6" +
+                        "0D0B21494A346D088025A23212CA3466CBC28C9B082A031085C48205022689C3A608C23004223464" +
+                        "520890E042819236241A800C188385C9401183406184860D088605240511231300C8120E02222502" +
+                        "3166D8B60DD0208D5C4066CA322D9B46241225110BC7251091815B080A1A190DE10630A3466EC1A2" +
+                        "5002422A03160E01A5891C97498A186D001961092660E03446E31440081052CB262A2319220B8424" +
+                        "DA9861E0A88509120ED1484A52348ACB488810C9480A35856336884C382C13316E220360D096290A" +
+                        "262288C42D0B052D20882D94062E18157180827154A0491A264652847118B020C8142E8426615088" +
+                        "89D8C64D09C0050A0622A01686D39201D4824863040983C048A2B860C8084603A6511A4692992872" +
+                        "1088314A180110C450CAB440938640C4128D1089609482090000091B2062C182308A80480405625A" +
+                        "86105184480A891120033092C6854A124814C428C042409CB830C98208038904C1467288348D2097" +
+                        "0C11C1109A920DC1386803B64849140A2223859CB290C39261C9026A8C086623418002064D141289" +
+                        "813604A24281DAB86D89C8694122411A368E5348825B264ED9B4912483415840260C196A01C73041" +
+                        "406984B82803126222A98C1A112A9A465254484DC2864513050A1B87715C922102A611D4408ED140" +
+                        "614322482140640382680B21010346058D53CDFA426210FF8E620036AD3F117A19BCCC5EF7ACA039" +
+                        "9491F778A76DCF71DEF0BE17B0D128A0B4AC2F917E762C931C45C5C3B903BE1567EB87674DD3376A" +
+                        "E9091A73B685F162C03A2F29A74A96204F75591A089EE27AC06EDF712DAB61765B58DBFB2FDA18F1" +
+                        "E1A2A853CC13765372071241409F6582D26EC7CD629294DFA6372C7E88F11D885800B3AE85428C1C" +
+                        "3CB34E27180CE804A065D9B5EA16E1812E4375724AD1F2749A088659DF82E4E7764D3602392DE522" +
+                        "28F603C811E31D9C8F691115CD18786BD90FE4D16F5898D3A52D4E73605C885BF79B0A77A27BC559" +
+                        "6687DBE772E8A15B31039203218B42DB14449D51D83208C39F75BD44FD93A0301BCF21CC4FC39233" +
+                        "F697BE31CFCA6234F90EAE5CD674F3C3FC20C2BC0924E7DC8DE444B796357B8063A52142B606B991" +
+                        "74D9F7B024B7C7298327C164323316AB49CAF142940893B379D2FC3A699ACB8B20CA3259D948111F" +
+                        "D2AF12D9A75BE7AB598EDE9EAD1FB7D3BD41C27B3E7D8E6576525FBCC31CC69CBD3AF24A2962D74F" +
+                        "A482DB22EA26B6F6EE5A22ED6C6B6725D73BFE1532C104FA4A612AEF2BE5475CB894DDF146C5C12F" +
+                        "C962C17166E697AE20D7DF28B6B0ED7442B18E2E06FE204576EA65C2541120685098E6F231DFCD2B" +
+                        "8092FFE556D9B36F88EF3AE5371038E810B8BB430620DB5690B4DDDEAB8AE9DA520D9F1EEC54E78F" +
+                        "835003060884BD89720A994DDC42D3AF03D5DECA6B54B1CFD24B9456B30DE53F5522640C39C41877" +
+                        "1B5C506338214622CE920A92D269EC24E45C6B78E98ADD1963CEE08FBACAB91CCC6CAECAB7536AAE" +
+                        "77F923CA2ED0569610455C5ECF5F926F81AB108758B431FD3EA195FE2788573069842D4129D582AF" +
+                        "E689B44576237E98577C9ECCEE8B18A0B0DB6E9A33844E47EC6AF93D1354FD346EAA332F517AD6D5" +
+                        "3CA47929C56C0D64D88E550D781E4C01EB2BB344C99064A034F59EB718FE34601908DB92003AFBF5" +
+                        "929F63848B7993D015EAC01D8C7B8DBC9A984E853E598F801E5EAE1C85E5469119EAE2BFE52C07A6" +
+                        "48F231CDCA2D5827A8B259358BB0B85174D16D09BEBA913160219C93F08853135D2C5D7CBAC39240" +
+                        "6D8072C75FF1105817816665FE0B72397DA8597894146CD1595359AE00AECBC37AAE94231AD040AA" +
+                        "F46D71B828FB0023EE228FF215E5AAA123F6511EB31746C0FB1F3C8C4870B303159CEF2A35B29962" +
+                        "80E76D8DC45CF19865328F4E3E1FD17DD7876F329ADB64BB84DA3530C4CA0CC3D3DC70CDA35402D0" +
+                        "C8974F49AA75D92D49875FAE5150B290AEF33B0A3ADA515B8CD5615C8E455F248B4E83442306BEF4" +
+                        "F51441A18BD56964A0B7985B25485793A4B725DDDA26D77444199D9B8024723458F4838A2753E4FA" +
+                        "C56B3FB3A3A27A44D6F79A2DDA4884BC819EEB1C5E4B7B77652126ACB204A1A8DDE6A4378DDADB94" +
+                        "2F74360508A5D979CAC84A489D0ADFFDE12AFF431B873A591F7BFB86E2331D85ABCCC012F45FC401" +
+                        "6112C167D43DD4C58AF71D6214ADC7BB529D04A7E31429CEFE87E4378ACAF8D228FF0CD0511E7A59" +
+                        "AA9651986B12C0A2620ED6130809E5A0AE035A543B40B352F12C1EA6257D13AE4EB4DAEC9F9EABD4" +
+                        "C6CC85E8DD837C090905374B082D5393F27C649A59ACDD795B8A0F24253F4AB6E56C6220BEE4FC19" +
+                        "F9AFBC845D1EB3EA3B306B900B28200DC1391CBFCF3A6F07363B7E1033DCB17B16B809F6DB86FAF9" +
+                        "34784BF546B57B29FDFED3319A9C48CC3DA1DD6D375313EDC6C160C954B2DB716C61F10746A5799A" +
+                        "85BFB2BEFEE531E789D86F8DA8D34DDC692034A24DC188D564EAB5847D189385BB1FCE9C5F2A12DB" +
+                        "BD97CA9FE2961827985753C66F3EAEDE50781DE7D4506D08088B02F1E4E15F2C0946D32C8C183207" +
+                        "A5F352210D8EDC1677F971BE5FCBB89114BCD331D755283992A207B8E642636D615338FF6822F79A" +
+                        "35058CBC10BFE0014A60F0899CFF78A926A6A115D36EB3FDD0253245959C1E7F193D936CA9BAC332" +
+                        "F618C6D9A5659C6CA73A60E6A7FE638F494AAC3A3BF1AFE19B4C4B3DB29EE388FB211571297164FE" +
+                        "17697CA20CC175A3222BD93E932BC497F4433F0978E8192152C1C7CE2E7685BD2B370CE8CF4DD039" +
+                        "AB9D949FEC45B32803ED266F9B9ECFEA48163E08E95D8DDE7938BF2FDDC36E1D9D3E90AAE8FFE9F2" +
+                        "F54EEBA4F1E220F09A11E0CB1950AA4E4EFD54B517F2ECDA0AB289269D0E93540D50F01D327B8265" +
+                        "E75D4A712FEE41DEE2F2919F03B4BFAFDF62C5377CB4695D2F4378D77C2981978FE4D6F9E169E995" +
+                        "3D47C009BDE7442D3A15273BE96E95AEE472CE37F375A71744E11EA8C915B3BB16B04FBAB7FC6D93",
+                    muHex:
+                        "596B354F6F935D7B4DE7A5DFE94C2A6E5F803C393C8508F992A45D808BD1C4E8CC478A6F66B3A20F" +
+                        "91D467D3EC869B867951FEDAE981ACE4DA9C0211A2EF4FB4",
+                    signatureHex:
+                        "27A255B0526E875B0F77C3C3EBC0965DF9AAD96360CCF856BB71B3AD00C6519740C5969FDFD1FA79" +
+                        "3CAACC2409B3E815A1D1B732FF07F316B1F5433AE26996829C2B6C83FFE31C6E9D1DD37B771E03A6" +
+                        "15B5C72CC85215D8CE5A11B1DDC02FA66854F2C792A469D708FA5CB285AB682544F2C33329C2E96E" +
+                        "7152D30D74BA5E909647ED11ACCB1847AFD4DA799459A0C85D865D294267A558A2E064323CE196BA" +
+                        "D041E829CE7615F65461594636BD69CEC22869E35A5F129869D6046351402EB0D6486AF973785AC9" +
+                        "61D41D6C3EF5C9904B057F0B16D769AD73C9EE376D9ACB7B29B898E7421F568C6D6B7734915D83A3" +
+                        "F37089CDCA2889A3DF0F830D434EC11710BC3F9D4E54053F5D2B3BD056B1BDABCFB3558ABC728599" +
+                        "589F4866CC132D2F1DE46E00623693BD8ACBA3C35DF0BDEC5EFD7FF4CBD8593AC730654EFD4929BB" +
+                        "7987D65A41D98D386F61F13C84F4987B5F77BF9499F8BD44117AE067A40AFC4DE75A63D423D45A03" +
+                        "9E5693E96D2451EDD6EBA1D030813BC65F7065347D1A402461A658CE1A288DFC0D878EA9818CEC17" +
+                        "5DE9040E8031E1FDC2551839EA61190DB0D165BCB1D9F7CB6D409C17AF2A34D5C5C6B0F98CECD920" +
+                        "F4089C1C14386F8C85CE39D2B3496A49AC40825BA1626485E7E749979D83E200DC11B619EF3FCB40" +
+                        "8CCDA3E20D830F9CFDA5EB8F0034CC7A0543ABF6959FB89692A7AA95A991E6219030A5A1F0B7B78D" +
+                        "28C68CDFABB0A84E4F17CBAA906FDAB164D7D203359D1876A676EC353FBF2620E490983B954D7236" +
+                        "E319EB74BD75AB5A55D5291C06DF64FDFA97CBE2E09C6148700AEE970D14A0FB2D35A72688FE33F2" +
+                        "E6A4BF30E01A9BF3ACAE4242F2D649A9E396720ACB413E732DF31B5DD118327E8FFD0EF56B0359A9" +
+                        "080BDA29A0ECC9A905F0D3C6FA0DBE41F4DC7E7233AFEFD32E88640DE00CB825CB50F0D4240F4A6D" +
+                        "4A8353E376A485301513414632A520CA93B1E6A6E112551BEC1E6A67EEACF7E7BB7E7A7AAC4B8980" +
+                        "84899E04980138DC16D927BCC9E033F8D8A6A6E7FB7D418E6913006EAD26E64DB9725CAAC98D2F75" +
+                        "1EDFB031DAAEE199291580846FB586483977139CC76818D2A5385CA5F2184CACFADE504F17157D71" +
+                        "9EFC63C80A132057895CFAC3C72A91FDDBBDE5F16907AA20C0F512BC8878452472F9941C9ECA3D69" +
+                        "E6A1C5D7EAEFE45ED43FD3C36D91411D051D921A2B598A3C1779E5B3E7C213CAD83ECD5F5C1E1DB2" +
+                        "2178681398C38E0E9441B1A4A27EE59A873F1F24C45C2312747B38D0C9FBEBA3B92E4BDDBF4F8443" +
+                        "EC389147E8EAE29CD9DB0BCE13CD3580A76B154A94C1760CAE252F2783C672436AB54CA650B837BB" +
+                        "46FF45952F0A3CFEA29E47E2A24647AAB084B94A94373FDF9BB3DB0517F390370569AE3148293D9A" +
+                        "2EC55429D9651D2C02AAC350D163BDC986D14128E906A906862076B5828DBEAF616D998EFED59BE4" +
+                        "CDF2B17A73435906B479C7431C3E39934EF0CC209BC964732F24DC9BB918673CF51B44CED5554E14" +
+                        "B8D031C2A37DEC64C676E0F2E575CF9695EF89BAACBE3D518F2C18164BBB88BFA60B16EB6E7B9AEF" +
+                        "F1B95545D154C62367876714F673C30EEFA083B7C50C015B33E5567617300241C54D0853ACF2F62F" +
+                        "C4230246CD3670BBBAD08F1860C6570A381FE7FDE5A6CFF736CA62BA1B3A5A44E901A5E58D96DF66" +
+                        "FDA615A4D3DB4C8468168A13C37CD672832CAAA647A0E988F15070B1FAE021037A24B10D7E800F7A" +
+                        "71539FC029657225FE4A5A2CBD91AC84606768D28630A5DCAEB1D0B8DD6BF2903343E2841DE405DC" +
+                        "09C18359C88961AFE3170CCD097BE88EBDCC55E19B4358BF8EA346795E6D8CEAD9327C30614801A5" +
+                        "A90884E59867228433D65D92A6C742366D15F31527473DF2BD79EA4CEE3380DE49F141E76011A458" +
+                        "1CA7F700879EECB7E852DED47BF9E67F7D83CBCC0910864A7861C7771819F1962195D9EA51C3EAAB" +
+                        "CF5E0621E426E6E530EA071073E187BA023E648932E86489C3D6C52B54DD9993455D653A755B7D20" +
+                        "D008D226E3BBD09D03EF5494B032CDBF780DB04B9456A0B585A72BE0B50E86BE721F8F9F5919313A" +
+                        "1CBB55AB64FED4ADA5A7A83C442479A0884A4A3ACF12C75E7157773821F28A37E829AE1A26F9ECD9" +
+                        "7A07187DAB08CECEB3454A37FA165A785669D8E48FF17E99EAD2CCA944EC99934D7E4CC0D446BAD3" +
+                        "7B14C286DD66CEDE8766B28D031080CA1502EBEDA0E92382A4C2752F91789A44B5F31E1B298028F8" +
+                        "2445E98B44973773867674350E6D16CB4C979760F5EEFEB17C358B37E7F05831FC882927AA377771" +
+                        "27B7F22FACE7277AD823CB0AB7AE6387110AE6F35B9BE4468D98CEC1DDBC79C876989C8D5798886C" +
+                        "6F84B6BCE2558647B0A54DA0878719546AA48B8B6820055627479ED380C8797008C6F1939BC60151" +
+                        "9246439F82763A35675B15F4BDDA4A3EE792185CD8B9D3E632C5EDCA0D3924A98E3DF7D84BB9C45F" +
+                        "69A25E86AEE742BDAD2A568F86FA0CD149A911B36A7516CCA23832A4384FEB87FB1A9A26A54459E6" +
+                        "21DA8E91737F21C3BB9BE437622E86BCBA73D5B00C1B9C325025B29900CDDDD7B0469F21747765C7" +
+                        "52B91A804B556908DBE509FB95C8E5FA43E1B3A5CA75FC0BF7A82E1AD6335ADE8595C7B3F766256C" +
+                        "369AE191C7F8EC5455A8F0C3666E606DBBB2D9C9441637DFAFDFFE0919495C2F208207B7D8253D1E" +
+                        "C1EF0A228651D1862F91E0CA155B0D2CE8853E8096B180CD3DFA9841194F569EAD76AE95CC4BB818" +
+                        "CC49EF87E4FCB4D8EB13F2202B952FD52EF21ADCBA71AAF921A67625CB62EB1143F43278F46B1BF2" +
+                        "F07A2374F1CE75D427974404882A18733031C84C91C46F648ABDCE190F0C9B8E50DD76B32D9AE835" +
+                        "29C9B52742EB64D0DBF40680097755DB0690D83068FD6AC67181288FDC9195CB54FF8648EA717ECF" +
+                        "8A13677E8295A115A781D2F9B054A30B9881C7A10588B28295BA64A13FA7B191D89797CF695EF82C" +
+                        "8ECE69FE25C4277005D9F1FC0F4F64148092145B478B3CBD03C27C6C776E5EE6B9737FCC75AD446E" +
+                        "F174EAF615D723CC4E43B3B235D540DEE0161687FBF694CCD490F4572E3A0222CDCD08541091B56A" +
+                        "7A5E5766091F466B38DA5919B2D091EAF38D532130D0BC589C9C26B45801E139D788C15E00B4B790" +
+                        "D33468AA3CCF4B13E209FF78317842B4F610DE7C0BA74A5FC9325C4C4196C08195B63E5A40B3E4FD" +
+                        "9C7CCBD5DFB993675DC677C0DE72E0866255E81E7E1D5907CFE98B58A11A8F22F0902213BC116DE3" +
+                        "F8C03F8C448EC21E1C7DE127BD4CF3F70409111823263043787CB2BCDE171A21252F66676872909F" +
+                        "B0FF07172E3F426BB9C9FD06072341596B99C9CBE4EAED0000000000000000000000000000000000" +
+                        "000000000000000000000000000000000D1A232E"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 121,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa65,
+                    shouldPass: false,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "442441A95BD60FC9BD95EA1E9DC4CFF8FBF5721FF0BC498A391EFE7518E692882C7EB37D913DF168" +
+                        "1FF4BCDF8CF90374CDD1550E985DCAFE2341B6B590A093ECA2ACD2A43E1CC0608A77E19B5EABC780" +
+                        "5B6BDA510755C3DA0EE96D22BBA9C3D82D54B7CDC47E41D22202B062F264530B2DE69C7992D47758" +
+                        "31EF7B4B5EA5E0082103665AC128C8F315E226785E6E8A9D8D012FDD32BA3272731E5070FE819D19" +
+                        "91F8176CE85F4EBE329E7F5AC871E345B5BACDE26D2D2FCCE1AE029F3639EA0D4D20EF7A46D01262" +
+                        "89174AACF2E673AE73F6FEDD69E60A0EED90CB178A548323CED716E3333DFC0B0EE54F3E8A24C403" +
+                        "51F87AE65F2554069A8E24118B05586A523E1F41E626A31A08BB14C096371D6175E1F329620716ED" +
+                        "67780A8000B8BE4A4654A02F5EBE2DACA4B7DC7ADE3363321260176C65BE1482724DE4FB99DF99E5" +
+                        "1441B4C2836ACE8E5F702F505C7A4BE4456D1E698AF3AE8DCA9F909D6FC4587DE615688F0778F1C4" +
+                        "EE5ABACBFCEC3ED2BEEC349D1692C3FE93F391A30FBCE281A404DD6B36B5AC4A4FEB59913C282A26" +
+                        "EC3BD00D2C0E38048BB0E27C54194767D65BCA2A2B908EDA63048D8856BC0B4C539ACA7F2708542E" +
+                        "EEE8415D6CFC52C85E160F43A34BBB896A8E79CE438E95C5ACE6ACDCFCBB01611578086641725E92" +
+                        "E4C3FFBED1F94A5540B9F2957CDF83F21177DCDC0BD2AC294E2F254C1906BE55F4C89F3C928AB0A6" +
+                        "EC1B349A64B5632DC06815971A923EBEB7B4FC62571B65D7FD0416C99D9AE59871DC9A706BC8F050" +
+                        "7890223BFBBB99B4EBB4E449079AB36BEEF0F8AFAF9F84439C9C1B1FE434E1768573ADB3AB07319A" +
+                        "5C8FFF884F08A27DA24CE98D2A214F842DED94D3B5505E2B3584682150DB2485FAA4075B78E98709" +
+                        "062EA82E550FAD99B03F4F863040F039A0DBB6957CBD48DCB9E0C5AFAFBE6218956FA4441154477A" +
+                        "6399034D169C2438AD5B4C1432462672EB6270E7E2CD192F51D9BB9CA7B8820EC1647BC4D0E0587B" +
+                        "E01B828FE210CCE3232AC4C0BF176078B31E64418FF46CD573CA48E365B24DBC48436001A23978AA" +
+                        "C64C0E20D4754E2F1ABDEAC3562E656AAB5E5560046B1CCD98F8697E58A3C7CDD39DFC3B6271CF6B" +
+                        "CED12F91443C09FC6D0E1F96DC2124E63AF5DEFE5010B74BD891487E9A4CE9B10FA0FADFCC714CCB" +
+                        "460C31224584C96DF3A0A381A165E0B6C0AFAE687767D897794BE654E6BB4BD8B4D33085FAC6D37F" +
+                        "B2FE92447FC786F4AA1FB070BCBEEC60AD55BCBB36E610D5FF7CC6991AE79CC67206507124E1219B" +
+                        "213DC16B5ADC396B8166B5FF3BAA12C30323B0AF7F48CFB5D8C7795188008B86AB2C4A06DDFAF2E1" +
+                        "65232AAC8B5C55522CB4384715CBD736AD55DD553D46A92A2848E3AE2D9DE1D4AF88B66A1FECA059" +
+                        "2AB9714A0719FB8E5A04CE43D0F73EF1B370B395B713B0F0155A48360D6B53F49CAECC1A16956679" +
+                        "89B826269A4E1B6A8CBA9DE35B2CB9C1F2B74248C5DB6A0D33E652EBE1B60445304730CB607B2CBF" +
+                        "DA23E0200891E45E4C9DD82EF7FEB836ED23BC92A25A6647EFFFC3DE95344288E09C7B05ED05E931" +
+                        "79BED827437CF3F0D2237A4A101A5B5D3B4ED183874CD99782CE156A9DE5798AB523119235EAA8CE" +
+                        "30E3368E61248B5552E8276DB037102496D8133B48ED664ABF1FDA7E30BD4747EE7FA43D5216B913" +
+                        "B5FB94DD249C9D6AA954B38C9AE0DCD685474A6F292B60D9B689D51300955321C2B3EBBE1261FD08" +
+                        "9FCEB1809CF7FA69DBC0CDEA865692B3FB6EA82268CCD6D5B712FE89DD15A8DBBECE81748F78ECC6" +
+                        "A07F096C46829DB775A9DE8E24056031D595928B4EC803466BA074706E8B82E08E697F61FAA933B3" +
+                        "272EE6BCAF84EFC31EAED3B7033CFD6EEBD4242C3AEBD63CA4B5F908D93250C0B9575B8E1C308BB2" +
+                        "63FBA446E98B2A89EDD9E61DA02FCC3C70B1D291F19B427DEE7C0602DDFB717493F83EB33DF44814" +
+                        "6113FFC549CEED1A3CCDE84277C8CADC738D1ED3C0E81C683552FEBCF873C2210DD9956451980DAF" +
+                        "A78BE2B81BE38CD07FF7CF0896F7EAF376920550E0EF684DD6A9665D28861CC0192BB2CB52DE41E6" +
+                        "DAFAACA5570D2F46C23CD73F3018044DF471F5B6462287318697272A8F39CBF173BBC76D887C3BDA" +
+                        "C4E9092374A598025F634EE1B1DFB5F8C5389495E53910D6B78E9646F00999353752D08AA7846999" +
+                        "99A4E40AD7B826D31985B95CEDADB3A66E20AA50584EE8E38E87309FA9C11EA17A58EC227A12B131" +
+                        "204277E7DDC4ABC323D70BEFCC7937DD425339B0C22A3880EC7572610AA21A8765F4EF0C264BAA53" +
+                        "7E473ECD49E3846A5FC375C196DA3247E099F803C45745DD4E32E400FFD0D41ED3DE534D37994FA6" +
+                        "49B4505B610C374B8930939F23B83BDCAF93EA09B288D41389032655830D99F9107CBB47636C7CA6" +
+                        "950C9509908AB66193A329262A5DA8D305F23C7B3E1E174E57A09AA859C7483ABB04041F5853560F" +
+                        "A2BFF1CE4EE65C4D99F7FE13D826C063EB13A9172AE8706E34A9922C8403F98C551B813B2D8474E8" +
+                        "F5D72A4201FBD027EF01C18AE8A5C9AC55454EAD21B26D17F7188A48A3A2776A09BCF18376F5B92A" +
+                        "BEEB356F87DCB83304AE21B4F1FA66F54BD3421A0F490C0576475465052BA52D1CBDDFC5B04F2E4F" +
+                        "8E33FB8D0F2ABFC5BDF64060AB084488B1FF8AC37731103D80924037BDC1A0E2970DB7944B9A295D" +
+                        "57ED0BC3B0CE44FF5568514E0CC1DEF94947148136216761D48CEA9496E00569",
+                    secretKeyHex:
+                        "442441A95BD60FC9BD95EA1E9DC4CFF8FBF5721FF0BC498A391EFE7518E69288C9D4A70E5B145D59" +
+                        "EE9DC162013F317D53F47A1A1378B1F9F23EF7B14F9AC6634349D4A89DD4A75204421D79A292E211" +
+                        "3CCAF5A2E0CF5DB7DF9752CA5619E554C83CF9DF310113048EB4D8BA87819EECABA8669227AE956A" +
+                        "FD5EFF224EA85A633376255883662483144344773723656101517638278383277504515361725184" +
+                        "45255638886652631715337846074817675056833654088173367813507884082266433721211435" +
+                        "72400111280051060107285480703718634186503563342838353105312212345311484532180848" +
+                        "28342227322558683173813323378126015136367327506023573016472847536747638230473382" +
+                        "25008267302664563025720781412565814231315866880706648882131043546823061384871480" +
+                        "51770302622665632385075448167773672143178470106004048608453617554114018557253726" +
+                        "74837280820534863047856861404640172127414514876200425150438504080575216077675047" +
+                        "65130068047280422772547118515853744631062377032048011128317774250533163137500101" +
+                        "71037468176500013016536402073441014328354477881188013775548335631221644238365122" +
+                        "36313860235173813356016850163873511636125853743377578758440020656034513422261031" +
+                        "34860321712772336202263656606317715154456741417288025667628826258500625811465486" +
+                        "20728883501632623277158037717757373410413142172106522800335584020174646301624465" +
+                        "31345641026768783745150817883552408368248368387224747830748651645167641106627440" +
+                        "61788251340458043512130355743450274237021514748063855861328646706736831771771710" +
+                        "56235732377367467538325301612334024615242541361287860057057283071370108247840112" +
+                        "56213540512757205706678276631187764463056182088740700873170753007852862151625370" +
+                        "77074588651476143545531200680361577800361150177343748763481365734153642370081788" +
+                        "47287623766121304256337416725145041253021856814808267652843403218046883760152384" +
+                        "06326526115318468787472674678111082863636384821355550477164855042487426231583775" +
+                        "86168732704425782434666176602534848365210224761135356306526105806812452057411158" +
+                        "73164337661641138607436672782641755621341638562443765636420225521867060121253545" +
+                        "03202322262714518255234118773307474848138084730868121454416747488306373467810341" +
+                        "66370471346002331760187153528585382018676810720877806367786035857556461518173007" +
+                        "86721230102761823466816488441588612867570856652805504170212022463030142878674483" +
+                        "23123766276585325500831268283645776546147374174852007472776725433417670442576688" +
+                        "77717676777074204670535853461074688028601338471771072861627770020652462820770385" +
+                        "52813623017546351418050461345017838413632865747612276432265843023656653547761671" +
+                        "30217278164185665562448566556783652140107772002088264676613338634887405180785351" +
+                        "53337554543407026044381434280452705747784313880804166428721110628136634457822141" +
+                        "70818725088545817743685181756730833876217241414625304607565433617236061215546250" +
+                        "57355832741813475615740165074461662552171462400756785116262607507556385720440618" +
+                        "33465416362405446801277610467345448877420811331147673857023730565066877626478516" +
+                        "43026137447465132237613077333838180211265051506600181621333687422533880322670348" +
+                        "06281370704866764208833510477155611488104454381875626163178457025452001120560602" +
+                        "30362717071473510182737684501347526800130264783880312345083053630081402107225288" +
+                        "75816802452356681468173303040087819ABA98F8BE3827E82D1964AB6ACFD910550A9768A1F256" +
+                        "EC42C473AA5F6CBA401A59267B141A53ACF80CB6B5EC09AC479DCDB65E51E873E05A560D8BAFA062" +
+                        "0FBB33F49B4F3D99909592A3DA27BC38B292DE916DB595258874A9BD598F75767131E1180A5C052F" +
+                        "A27E916F961B10B9DDC5349A55CBC23C40A0142D108B62E9A623A06176C4EAC92B28ECB28E0246DE" +
+                        "BC8DB540B1AF148133B790411914153F16F48C14D27E46AEF64F688305AC690898E3C30ACBE6B777" +
+                        "45B43252BE2193E782BA1D4FBBCF27DA721C7D49DECFE394F3096005AD9B18429B164ED7EE79A45F" +
+                        "5D40BED90EEBBCCE5C75FDC5149E7041943CA446ED424FB6CE5002280A81A5A6BC42C4A615A5D63C" +
+                        "3F88713BC6AE2542D444E72925AE9AEB9F06F44098074B108073D269BDA92C9B4F0C663BE806F1EF" +
+                        "3D13255EBBB6CE32477CBCA80CC76B88EAF8EB419767CC64CCA47B35DE29BE184FC9DF59A1364E6F" +
+                        "F499769A9FC315D9091E166AC7E2DEF3AEB40AA1ABDAD4C749D396C948D3F25A0539FC65B8A4B1E3" +
+                        "BBE9CDD4A7E072DA9349C6836E901354BAD26CAA3EFFABEC1C4FA0D9B5FD6A6F80F52D7F0C679B6A" +
+                        "7A5B79C6AD2CBB0EDC8CD7CAD840A7D31FE9AA4068BE88B40A93A4D466E68CED8E766D800068EC29" +
+                        "C9B807EFF9B111176C896F8B2C44BB82163C1BD54FDAD0720F88A16037E921FBB76AA4EE97172430" +
+                        "E8C2F2878415BB0B24BD4C88525008AF8ACF46DF4DAC0911E509B43D476A608AC2BAB21296A022F4" +
+                        "64914C0496AF491D8D4B22A1423FEB8C887FFDBD81E5A7481F6A61639E748078724A463332CA26E5" +
+                        "5EEAB7C7E61F87868045D72243187F4845CEFBD2D24CE8EB3B545BC90B29C2BF567CB652B80A0321" +
+                        "D1626C50B60CA1135E15F66D8C682056FA6368710705ED17F82FB30FAD2B26F21FBE2C89E34BD5BD" +
+                        "2A1FB8AAA205A8B1D646AFE4521A9355A831BF874F273E5ACD59515D5D85707CCC1D01C3A05D0656" +
+                        "F172EDEB33C742DBA4C51A8490A26911EE85788D7F0879BE49986EC7FAEB07C8F6665F70DD1330F0" +
+                        "B26F2E25D63DB8538B95E3148462C170F50396D8BC0F8F5EDAF1E9C03DD111A9D542C7D38B1E7DB8" +
+                        "ED47331110FAB2FA23E79FB95499D6870F928D059DD07144867EF80EAE3FB15AB7E1C096EF98F90C" +
+                        "5F57BFE846F1C4C65DBD040C7E15D1C6CC2DF3DC7605C685B1B5058EE20D0E8D47BF468CF2144EF0" +
+                        "741A541C45EA6493D1AB0DE148658378893D34352F91277A389A9E7EAE05EAAEBC1571EF03BEAD22" +
+                        "1001C974DCB07E06192452176976DFA1F5944FC437A8D11D1E9B7CB50DEB2D966EA4F38F17539A43" +
+                        "28F40DCA688BD93975FBE076CE7A14DA9E61A2C4348B9D8AE80A638B4082E4047F019A5615D5A7B2" +
+                        "1B132CA62D9289A81A05A21FA392C7D9400EDD57A50098E0F9634E5529260CCAFFBC290B571BC2BE" +
+                        "E586588E3DA0A1A702427690A1C4994642AD1A92CC9CC2DBC86A99917FDD2897325B534707BCA57A" +
+                        "BEB7349FDE3088D0E248054E7031E4BCB51424497282B0012A5DE1E93B6E6B6B20055A4283054ABE" +
+                        "C166EF914539D63C43A58FA333994CE3E09CC69731F9A941776B7F4BB235B53299406715B9B15440" +
+                        "37F2ECD6089FD4ECBF397292257E04386712D9CCF5B57D7E99CC44785D7C380631422FBD953C1A48" +
+                        "C0BE67F889DABCB283225E6A75EC5EC10DF5411F2D7A3350B331C26A2796F26E1F19CDA75A2F3066" +
+                        "DDD66F46A15B22B19A79B8099F6A31DEB3F3B524F42F2B8F52FF2C673DF92C55D1BC88E8B0750D57" +
+                        "F4B4239C84D0411285B3E8F3ECC836089AF03D11A6483094B7D6A5568A412B87564048533159BB23" +
+                        "E421AF5A870DAA5E756E22D751487DC41A58ABAAFF4844B015A44C192CBF5C7B2D9CABDF13360F1B" +
+                        "CA9DFE2642FC9A8A98D756A8EED87DC97AEBB2C779CBF6AE0F0A4733E90A68C123CACFA2C8BEC89C" +
+                        "DC643FD10F4E387EA477392EF621F2FD862A8100E15046CC6B6BD171F6FDDF5AAA4445E2DF9095D0" +
+                        "732DC5D0EAC54EA2C214D9107F22A9697F3A0CB9BA3B9CB28BB5E4FCF7A5D2ECE8BF4D79C4762B63" +
+                        "C9902C6F3821DC600E5C98A96D999D7E48E9249F30E649D877F93DA1EE14F481B10245A61DA0D998" +
+                        "FB71D17B3C3EB5C367951760C8B3A6BF5E74355D7DEEC7400D9090E7E9F91949825BC0F0842437D4" +
+                        "1451F039E8B35EDF93AB58C72357CB8342659368BB902C482B0D6A95DF9042644D8B3A44A42630C7" +
+                        "945FAF8BDE53284699261E8D0063EAB14362B5E5BB2556F6F9100F993218E70E5757971CAFB2AB25" +
+                        "41EE11EF9658150D714F46C5CC095F9F22336B4E30AB00D9DD89138D46FE88B46B11914037A198AE" +
+                        "5907D42A4C6E000A612B581C4B0CEEC0D1CA63568BCF242CF4FCDE6917964C7B934A70668D1DACC1" +
+                        "6129529E5BE73A64499932CE5D450186FF69042A79EEFDC59DAFF897358FF925563E8A28C30494D2" +
+                        "82240D51C419261928B13A25E1D7F0E53F80FA76DAA7F5CA188FB0580F408A70E35CD0752B216938" +
+                        "B41E17E7FC24576E49F210776E67E1171429E80B8D64D68762B6F2EBBB1866096CCF6ADFAE1BA008" +
+                        "BB785A7D22F55AF8EA3D77A8003636BBA4F9B84C3FD79F1AA6FEAEF2FAFDB883C5CD88267E3ED0E6" +
+                        "88B97F9D6DD0FAD73AEDB4EB7320E960A7168F3DEBCEA735233605F0A9A9E12B5089ED76BC8258EB" +
+                        "FEC8FB2FDE995406FC3CC16DB518AF37FFD11D1B5D6568B681E84BCB88A6841CBCFDD8533D66B3C7" +
+                        "5D592A6507E06FB566610FABAD867F837B7E4870ED2DAFE14DC2A9AAFE391E8311DF4A84ABB35732" +
+                        "9533334E2E4F436AC8160C31146950283FEC5DD5F5493FF35A7D1FC07A2CA4DFD1EECFF918667F8C" +
+                        "F6EABE92B53AB9C41BA45822C99BF7F4208E872B9532BDD209331FCD14539BEBCCF9B9754F49CCB2" +
+                        "16D0205261262CA9C9B8333358D19A5833BF024960494CE0966291FE2D092D9D8522B03924CD686B" +
+                        "F88D5DA264D3B8FCBCD32F2FAE60E86C27544AEC6D6407F30C7B7046FBE06A3795E66732088B0A02" +
+                        "482A5C44F1F687604EC3FC75213EBD5635B465EA7DF1BB0F6A41E64EA333265089F6DA569E92D7FD" +
+                        "53F9AC0CFD7E58EBA22CBAD9985C9815A2FFDB1FA74B2261F2A9E0772C1F72E499801E4C37526D5A" +
+                        "A4238B06B7B0E28CF729B809CA8D5C341F6DF9071206F1726A5F90C4BA1445A1C01E9D7B10E5AF96" +
+                        "B8E802002071E3A70D106A28FA577F5DC3D476FFE669B1548D1EEA2E0C4ECED0358F798CD737997D" +
+                        "59220E5C3DCA163ADE0A69F67A3934A3E6BA372B2C4DA318F24F9AADDECEDE945A2311A053E87FBF" +
+                        "682F3125286373FEE64734227E846B4EB1ECC9649768240D20AE00FD736C5FC199B84D73C4CB1422" +
+                        "C11C12829C2DBEF3AA85AFE7534E702D221036D95BF3649367DAEAE3CA15014FFF59F3F41712D3E0" +
+                        "DD587B95E78F540B5CE4169DDD37279DBC22BE86C5467D5E15D607202DECEBFEBA0A92F6B3E3513A" +
+                        "11397D3B3A39EAA51F2DE2D1F36F67274A528CF499553056855CC9D87E1A812C",
+                    muHex:
+                        "F9B2F6DC4F057999123D2292E4F5315FE0DB47FBBB6C1E5AF097759792592206877975EEBC6BDEEA" +
+                        "AABFDED9B7ABA111F253AF7426AA3B6EA1B3482DEF2459F0",
+                    signatureHex:
+                        "07BB87114FBBC9EE7F3625F90DAAE42846C502DF090989AE0FD16B97A52FDBC5A55FC13647F10BC3" +
+                        "9A35979C2C4362FEA0961CCA78ADFD1CF7A85E932AFB600F4A9B269758BCAD415735933A51A59610" +
+                        "BBD49205FEDF0819DB2A8B234C7471B84AF22A11547FB0D17647B5B9C30A22FA2E0901B4DB90E039" +
+                        "18A32D424A11D51C809CEBAA3C6EA44035E7D2209634C9D2B3DAD3F14920305E3EFCBB5313E8E9FC" +
+                        "D0F44BE05A69037366B85908D409C45DD7F313BA4737EEB72B3143892C10CFEB70F79FDF99A08F63" +
+                        "4B382BB324EA934B31F6B25D32888C3A0865BC9957DB0FBC065254B61320405D287A891EFE85FC3B" +
+                        "F51DF9FB3847EE9E0CCCE312B31594A7AECC2B3C2E99D650CE909B9685E824E7AFE68E1CCC93142E" +
+                        "A747237E3E9340332DF9CED7C98210A821F5BC2CE3DB10D0F5FA8D2AEDD9F5E7DB2AAD3B15BF27B0" +
+                        "371B758B188ED86CC7589A7ABCE693E9893E84B9AF99A5DFFA6DAFFA1FB4CE3F9272AC987201E1FC" +
+                        "3FE15CB859F2CF5596635F4105B7DAC5642672EBFC69BA0883D96B6BFF21C5FB14FF30A671E15CC3" +
+                        "C914D2180BC9724B33C6D951F53BF3C668ADA301B15479077761214E27ACCD5D6B1F2FF275BAC56F" +
+                        "975EC760AEE332839B7543693A1C5025598925561E4A38A7D4CC2F1AA35AE866E92F70119A4FF33E" +
+                        "AF717B334AE6B46536E4F6C281718E37FDB073CA9B6CE761643DD7D5E32514A2A462BCDF7293016A" +
+                        "5B9EB7DD40AF68411781B7E21A765C64E3F3E657E541DA3209E503B556F107BE12D42ED3A4BA1A57" +
+                        "C959577C9403C6DB722C12D3A3CAD8A8114A9ADAD0E77F950448424116AD73F56360B1A3EFCFD576" +
+                        "BD5A956AEDBA8E03A865E4603B4DDB2C40750647F1A85A3F3A8D65CA324E6E2C2ECEBF6F6EE999BD" +
+                        "B62DCC636FC32588272DBB15E1E6EBE97A32482FBC6DC4E089EC565BC32C47906C721C77ECC4112D" +
+                        "99DE5260A12C9EE7E0FB4BF907A83C110CC631C7CF49EB6CBB2800D9C7B1B80FBBDDD9A4E5EF3720" +
+                        "6625A409FA10044E9F84F5FB3A2D26AEC2C2BE3C9EBC08607A0447BB30374BCBDABCC41752083353" +
+                        "FCBAEEFE99D6B100860B48E8032DAFE1D63C24B439E1A8CE8A7B812048BB4D63C7D152BE68E6C4BE" +
+                        "4F3B97D00C3D7C08D0D723E15099385F005EF80898C1254E25BC5F36FACAE28EFDD762D0986C66D0" +
+                        "F7D4733B5E7AB1B870A05420D492FEAB755EE39D96A4F157BB89CE68485C96DED15CE550AC4068DF" +
+                        "ED97EC3AAFCFB1B61CB75A83D4C7A86B2C2BA01F32BB86AA22A76382FDC2101938FE11BE04A9507A" +
+                        "94F2563D2F70E54A62AD4B63C0B7D0EC65EF47E8E271373F1D32BAEC0D786C5D5AB60763F50B64E5" +
+                        "8AB0393835CB2AEF93B8A95716F5673C418765CB582F6C521A4C62F26D506A2DAD987E2ACC3E537C" +
+                        "209A90B08C6A45077912F3C1A8D6D1AB1AF7F16B7BFA9C27CD48EAA2A3981CB5CC1D8B6A3EBC92A7" +
+                        "5759ABE1B9C4DF05491FF56B7EE3A6A118E05717F250366AC0FB305E72C8F37E768B434A392613AE" +
+                        "5F69E279C9722F3F4ABB117094FF2F20B787E5B911AF6A102F4590AAF96D2EC439E1CA59905940C5" +
+                        "2DB44C22BB93E67ABC2CD8F5FE804D896B60FB304839A11D9352C6ED7DF9EA2284052E3954ABEA90" +
+                        "8E28B0F5BA8076C9585818A0E5001E77549C54895BBFF1B83891D1139E844EAC771601922B483124" +
+                        "8E58AE78968BCFEC7F6BB8A4C99AD1FE934697033813E3D6A450CC14AA0632F4F2891374E64A6B7D" +
+                        "8175D430C31E1CF8777754BAE69BE83F179E7D1D14CDE02AC2744FEC81E6F7C2ACB8B0572F662E58" +
+                        "61987EF9F9EF36EAF895AD5CA81A45D2E779C8F60DCD9ACA48D74EFC271F08EF1DBFCEBA8DB46C86" +
+                        "F988631D7C1E3094C82EECF8FC8BB739B86F0D057EBB986D003B3BB3BEC3E2E670DED1D7624AEF82" +
+                        "69DDB04369D17672EC748E39D804928B9572C1617428B40D8BAF4E088DB0FFD878BAA88771B8849A" +
+                        "376474BE05F4ED455E16DC69493214D907D4374E61B3D29BAA0CF2A71EC6798CE5C714045AD7E1F4" +
+                        "5E75C8ED5E8537C3759984734A8A9555E93C9F8D917B2F72987C89C67470ABA85E4F44E2010CA312" +
+                        "D965131F253EBDDEBF4152B7C9F0D0B0BB1A738BFA92CB706A6ACDCC35642505E5794D5E968860F9" +
+                        "CC2D325E2640A5D034EFC51581B4F30D1304E66F51A2E606D5E344D26D2F34BE3C943C595F6FFAB1" +
+                        "DA0EF20640F95E36F395D4C3C012EA0E7DD464CC8C2B1AB93A5F389AC69A6626D626A75C3A97478E" +
+                        "84DAFA2FA58157073570F6717873A3DDAD84151D69D3510B3C605A229AD7B47700374888C81286BE" +
+                        "711E3C1DDACD1AB9EB3565D5489C9069CC4C0778800EB6328C7C4F5EC6F76E5F4FA3865E180FCBAB" +
+                        "3D123898CCD1844B6F47E96D36B391F3C249D65954127CB5BAC822890CCDC74ECA92B81B2BB1FA5F" +
+                        "F1CFB5A2845F842F6A29E15C2AEC06891D824B03D6E149742231E13B890181D0235073A56401046C" +
+                        "F6EEF39EA371F56B0CC91562A98A14A604EA46498493246364299C1D2B64C5F6C6A292FB11B8AAE1" +
+                        "7D15EBECC31B3BC210374ED77F464D66990CCCA73D53E7D27B018AA394E23B07F3C53BB254E1F949" +
+                        "0F2D4354F2781BB7A071CFF014601D76286E3B2D62D41A0EA769953AC5E063DD6CE3EBCCE29B85A1" +
+                        "C8474966B0D9628397363C9EE5E1E3C406F66C58F35B7B91D62549BEB0680CA72EDFF3E78435F8E8" +
+                        "228508ADB67FA7587C3E57EBD766F6E863B80CD6C703816D615C8F45D448EAA9140FD5990FF77723" +
+                        "8647D468460D457FC8CEC0F85AB16A838F7800D92FD2DFF6B5E49E615B0BB2FC197EC9A77A12C627" +
+                        "211B428198529E03778B212EA95C04C8091DF2EB5257BA316482A347C51D0FB3C38CF490F48E60C8" +
+                        "B9FF0A0CEC746072019FB046B611075A7593D8F272533D4F49E3A97D554AF3E1A5E00BD9B85AD6F6" +
+                        "07C7CCB4AD4A095C0044ACED711DE2CD30C6EAE76F930A34E757BD9ACF5BE6806E21554BEEE190DC" +
+                        "80A6701C0E791735CAA1D9D6F492EB7F055FC02BC4B1FDD71685BCAAEA3961B509266F2179A9778B" +
+                        "79F94CD21E31BE42E3AAE3E813E9AFE2AD8F340F828E983809CA386487BAF2C10944948A202C9875" +
+                        "2B6CD384D0E0C1119F97E635F4FC88187FC8F5616B5EAD760B38FFE231CCB7A0BA60C8ADCE243303" +
+                        "5C42E3F65BAA87ADC8463E36ACDF39C6D1B0EE23D602ED46A3E201D6F34F7209802A48F93BE0D6A8" +
+                        "6E57072AE09F34C83C0E918CC20FFCF7440FE518B8B28C096B49DBB61DD5E16BA3EB4A8B91B85D0E" +
+                        "31CC65CBFDD507BA34D83227CE256860D5670A25C01BBB5EBA26316A7F76404C826E2EE4D21BB2E2" +
+                        "C3E5994AB53C44D240975FE2BF0948F61DAC0F168F4278F421597DCA7DADD624E92BFDE53B87E89C" +
+                        "379B802D8DFB8D32DBF121D2C104FACA12C1ACC0B1E502320957D28743C5ED08539418241CAD2E15" +
+                        "8DF61590D3636F68604AAF411C96AEFCB306CE98F7A8CD470DB95FAB022690FDD8D456ED3669970F" +
+                        "DA2B0305BC97E4FDB6A9EA3FDBB7060CBB7224380A0C3AD2C59CEDA4495D4A38190B80BAFD9354CA" +
+                        "B38C760AAE467A5C7F8DA14995B74ABD9B026A4CC0D3B61BFFED7FF961649F178EEC7D4EA510349B" +
+                        "09B0D3F886AA8B778050AAE986B444ED2F5A94F564BF44AF6964465E693241567F8BAB93BA79545E" +
+                        "F50C05051B9A66C6888BF100F84C5278F3F81FE4D1D80B7AF5384F5F95B94C8A34218FB00ABCBE6E" +
+                        "BF80EDC1BD978D31F2688A4BAB22414DBEDD7669CB9708DF89353DF9BC62099B7031F7198B1D88F5" +
+                        "1CD9FA4BDC49FFCF745D291E71CAD1967A9C7F12D57EA61E41CA0E5ED230683156954A7184F55C21" +
+                        "490F8427E74A78881284DAC649FE761CDC4A9C7C68740D257BDD47D42C03090F09E19730E8C0F1FE" +
+                        "DDA9251B1FA7058F388F69228D3FCFE04512D232A348F956A367262D4CFDB6FA7D15A6BF17C0AB4C" +
+                        "29FDB6F2DA028A9D3C4585D3839EE190412019FC8208FE6A532825C7497A2084386283A29C8D35F9" +
+                        "64709CE4FF6519838AEB6635E05A6C178ABCC260D10C35512C0091FA5C3CC03BEB9808CDE2D9B45E" +
+                        "CDDD92E1A05B034E86F9704AC17418E8464410240D569EC00F01ED1A6C15FDF41FFE454857E4415E" +
+                        "F23379133903F44A79D55CA52118F1D84854A794AC5FFD32E17B81C8C0A813A067D6D172AA1D7B59" +
+                        "E019F0DE271A2F0097C6D8961B0E6E5AB4E0DB56108082A4886FC1A86C063F1C35770A43B0C5B988" +
+                        "6B3B55868CE986D13BD5D1455E257ACEF5CD020ECA694EBEDA3EE0BC8D94DCC90461101EBD401E74" +
+                        "80DA85464959A9D9CEC002B23CFA2FEA89B58F67C1ECE5027E7E2915F617ADCFF6C479EFC33A039C" +
+                        "72CCDB4135FBEBECD0E5A6B0666E325FC54F678F9223515E98FF2578E825F2D5235754A436B516BD" +
+                        "DD2CE7926FCC6A2A4735F7575D4277A0DBA3E8BE3470B7968646D3D7CCF3822087CC7D8153E83D1A" +
+                        "D4E9C3FC42D471A4391B89BDC904DF62BC7C138CDEC64C7C0DC0F0677137889CF4164339DACE2419" +
+                        "4F7C88855F86A293480925E04784393511A1ED26FA1BFA7F147B694E80450C8855A11B98958EF980" +
+                        "27F4E6C8E3FEC2F47AEF14191A445BB3BBEBED252B84E0F1F9649FB4BBE3FE26637B9CA1AA02132C" +
+                        "3480E60000000000000000000000000000000000000000020B11171D23"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 122,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa65,
+                    shouldPass: false,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "776098170EC9457BC9CE22371375706B8EA4D943A07E31FD60A20ACD4ABE9302E3A0D56B1208FE00" +
+                        "CE61A43FB459BDEA25A4F5E1762F59EAC0AEFD198A9355AB4F1AD45BB5ACF794CA2FAAE1A69BC7A1" +
+                        "A0C21B05092E0A2EE9317370CFCA9C3E3CCB9767E85A8F8B5BE8D210F2C9D833828F7C64C94AB0E1" +
+                        "7F841D7F760FA9F0BCD0625C2D9BC175E9908EB3EE085666223092CE5C3547F514D1FC6A160006A2" +
+                        "9F3F9E07E29449701CB8B890CC1F380851C568F664C9864A292F7CFF8CA0688136466D358CDF81E6" +
+                        "1D038D7B1294851B83D542F2D657CA912E93365FD69ABE6A73CC8EA3435A7CC67DA9EACD2A8FDA80" +
+                        "18AF569A8551AC94A3F3ECCAC62840903D6155558A3D1D02C23465F27E76442980DEE089BFF9D94C" +
+                        "F6374C5C404A3A1FB325E771D1C34A321F3D5B4A11D32EEAAF59B5372BF21C31397B064A2E95CB7A" +
+                        "ED64BE13DC1D3A2A1E31F05932C6A04E97E81B920574BCF5AC43B399B485EF98ECA6D9FD698E2BD7" +
+                        "132D61D64703A0639DFB3D319D670D13D5818E48A87A7A0DC56400A5A120B270F931DD0EE2866643" +
+                        "809FDEA12C215CD37107B01647B628CCECB31B744B2FEA5B2E0169724541BB7B46C60B64CE1D71E0" +
+                        "2B5E06E8D1AA557DDC04D3E5E6963E54A84212B39F8A4FB136702F3B90518B1F7A9CFE9ADB23F19D" +
+                        "061335BFDBA92FA4232CA80A254597BB33F5E2771EC0CD7E25E2808BF7E44D95B53C14A66B59C3AF" +
+                        "19868CAC1F8CABC1911199C8E88A7FF2448768CB6DA7EC010B6DD19F635AE3E6084DED2177B4B997" +
+                        "4B21E3D9C2D07ABD9B1BA7A39C232F7F5D8F773B0F29E7DAB4C802B28C5BDC38ECA26FBD94F159E4" +
+                        "302BCC0EE6D033AD6CB912C939D1B18A4CBF077DEB4910EAF018AA4F803F36539565DB209A15F930" +
+                        "E3D1675B5AC11634FCCC72BA7B68F9C1678A02615E7A615159FF061ED979C4CB3CBB794A9E4246C1" +
+                        "ECEBE34046654D754D0B3DB2275ECA563334C1F4D570064CBFF6E6484FF1CC484648B259AFF08F36" +
+                        "CB019177BE2043859C07DA8B05311444A1FE306F70F72F644E0A3A82E5D39E0BAE99562EC275397F" +
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+                        "528237C7119B8E70C2EB4FB2D7148206A60C3C494FF5D6D92BD765DCDD0B48EB",
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+                        "B420DDEDFC957F317BF101BC218563E215CF3FCB321E97B162B5EA980752327C",
+                    muHex:
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+                        "7364CEC62F5B788137CDFF6E9070432C9CDAD9ECA4C36B55",
+                    signatureHex:
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+                        "C0737415ACE0879D0102A2890764ACB67651D6F04A095A620293BEAC1538AE7D3EE07228C02A0676" +
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+                        "49BA7C3CCBFD98D126BE9294768C077C52899E2B66FAB4E7325F226D08C86BEAD4F3A1DDFAFA4768" +
+                        "C9378005F03B4BC46C2146A1E1D0865E7B24F75D669B78A9FBDBA7313D39784589F69259D365233A" +
+                        "622FB1253A37F18C930489FD7930BD03BC8EDC80297B3E3432A84F22C02026C32006CA525C605382" +
+                        "4CD624E978B7B92E85EF016BD9600710118315D161FFFA0BD2584B1A87E15ED2C09932FDC345C26A" +
+                        "97803E3D65DA4E9CABA5988DEB73E3E52242213D13D88EA68664837029E19C4ACE7DE5A75672321B" +
+                        "618F726EAB42DDBBE6A452540D471B09AF2FDA4002925578EAA4F18B62BBC5159DD1BFE47C214322" +
+                        "77F7A195EF398C06589630371D03D44E050DC13525FDFB40EAF358010275B35660A4B5F81854712F" +
+                        "D9057221246A54300FA6FF223F6270178FE767CF1C0B9B41956090C9621EAFA48442FEC5CBFC63AE" +
+                        "0C35FEC34BFCF66C2BD1C8249E5C51A6FFFCC38BA21945DB347159176C9BA9FB867B6169E52EE2AC" +
+                        "4E2982AA599FC65314D7B7B04C3E88A36AE218721B0BF9CAF8DA10DA48EB3C629BE9D73734897AB6" +
+                        "66A16CD72A1D3D32F84A2B36EDE7CB44CD674DE45F98ECAC7FFC0840AFF5DF166A20E58C367C7F7D" +
+                        "752C64E3E43ED2D0515E07AC41D7465FC28A47527E73984006D951820CC5AE7255BB9359D5F9682C" +
+                        "356A576644C846C4391929CB1EA7790B501021531A87E518F88EB94F386457EF6177D0E4A9F094A1" +
+                        "CEDE1A9B0DA32A3BACE85DAB0A0B33E59B011A19FF6E25AA4E13049AAD2904E233F867FFF729940F" +
+                        "53A1E6F58145C0E988C9DA8C27DE1A001525D9A455FE6E02F931FFE6E9EA37726CD56CA5EBFA7043" +
+                        "99E309D698A7E078062A71166F1EB0B4A477E15392EB7C56CF0A1517494D055CA9FB8DAC3FC82782" +
+                        "83C5FB7E3B01A60465B5184DA883AD81F8FA835BB1B644E5A1FE47ECCA70AA9FBCC68B6D48AC57BA" +
+                        "309A84B9DBEB22708CA5E6E565011120EBBB350A1FFAA4799D929E2BAF180EF6791F117565AB1E58" +
+                        "FF1F5D6282259548C1DE2195747B4C8655C5D05DE2E8F6EED16ABBB4C4CC43E5EF4B234308C49B4D" +
+                        "412741A7355899E680596F9D1305E60AA69CC6C46DA6AD66B09E2806303C17F34AB1B29F0E536BD6" +
+                        "8863EDA9150DF4032DED59388E3DFA0C6113818F95FAE5A6270209AC4783D15621E84229317079C4" +
+                        "A8C2D48FBFF92FDFAB413BAE100F96246045E5AA813F52F7532858D17923B1AF7215981C21D92473" +
+                        "0F7B8A2D246F778BE4D4737730CEE3746549280D64C9C84B3ED504840CB3270734E7AED6C6F06CDB" +
+                        "981EF92D21C1B98006AEF73A0299C696ABAF67F966C9192FC235C11E9EEBDD57057958A672D3B0C7" +
+                        "CBC7C4311F568BFBE7B5031754AF5479B04DCE293C4B5F1BB509F7BF992A82B92F6C80444DE14735" +
+                        "910C2E748486FE548D590903A6070A939D9623C1302F355481787CA398F0E1A9247715042BB0679A" +
+                        "B92165D1A3B6A47143ADFD8AB33A2F3229A08FC22D8956CD86A444D0F98FCDCFF15066AC9E6912F8" +
+                        "5ECC0FA36829BACE36B090760A7B57D6CD5FF3F3698182917447D31E6174BDF0E9598787FD53801C" +
+                        "2D439376761DF867B5F9B6644928714A1447C59BCC8DCA77E1B7D9080455A719F8626B9A5E617217" +
+                        "E57BA88FDF27740F91719D2F28E77DDC045D138F6723450A5C4778A4626B2D17554BC499D4584402" +
+                        "97C655608C03F092874084C3A6595089E8A7189454239BA2E71BDDD1A76BB713C01D72DD2FC97578" +
+                        "166D19E6071CD068D2866F2417136C3D84AB9D6010A3A721CB4BEC968D3615EB5B86740D63193C62" +
+                        "AA51275CC8689D471B39C3ED78BB093DB1DD24CC51CCBD0398206A9502E3F6A8E8CE965E74A76010" +
+                        "58D269EDC0EABE52584F34FC6AC7B925D622494BDAE98C0603C5F3BBB0907210E3EAE42013DDDE47" +
+                        "2030C2DAF806A4883FCB83DBE23D2159BBA94404F2FF411A13E70380E1E5138D9C3BE12A5B105BCA" +
+                        "48EFD64396ECE3F0E3447DB78872AD747B730A16D9EE042C60EE8EC2242B2DDC960C9CA647EAA8F8" +
+                        "A140EA5EC5FF216D9D2186E1BB372659B95E1FF1CCFB1F78390909F85C1CAF2B80ECFA28E4CAD122" +
+                        "EDC723A778850E65E427B45C8D22315E0326CA34EC10AE242ED0322DF1E21D83777FD77251A77CF1" +
+                        "4BBA4867E761006176DD2F01AD048C210547ED104C09C6C94CA056057FF9539F19A1E0E4B907D8F6" +
+                        "39C3D0327D07ACEAD0F17180940A62FB3DEA319303576171454C396C22F143D9443741E4D43A1BA6" +
+                        "2CF3CBA3B2BB07F65E6550660FA5C482416E69835D485EAD039D89D4345DB41329AF08D65DE1A121" +
+                        "AE0B9B10FE995AB054DE980A07571EA17ECFDC71FDC77B6BC3CF0A31A15DB953915966D2179D6308" +
+                        "936F9D14F1589FB505CF03B4978EDE566F10EFE68166A059E943AAEF7DC4156BDD6F631A684DA18D" +
+                        "EFF965720F7D27FB960D953E6E8D3F1BF0A7441A2DF200AB200D1477BFE4F0D363E3A6BF7DBCB4F1" +
+                        "AC0CF6A56B49C557952B276B57F5C3072810E505FC19677115CD111866A3162390AFDA3B4BC9BE08" +
+                        "CC4BC01D6F0C41459E3AF1937765E471E96B177CE330D5008E26CEE0F0DD7F395D9DDE9675FAB27A" +
+                        "6DB81CE0BA6486F0DE10A2DFB65520520028E9E8F86F2D0C3D8AF8CD543D3B2C77A4311B6590A6CF" +
+                        "2E0251BF903E3C14B572636AFAB027D2763E241271D14DCCECFB584758CE3FFC0FE73CF985EC2AC9" +
+                        "8DAB002B22A237777B1C36FA5798C5BD01BBF07F0827D0AB21A96695EFD4F2DB1F2819459E24D32D" +
+                        "CE89C42658226EEA46AF35EB4223DB53B46FEA1B5579502DB491FCC63BA05A709FB9281189702232" +
+                        "8D35E9C66D4CE9CA7EB4667BA622F4E25484311C5733A0E3A15582B55248B0243C99894225DD6388" +
+                        "4AF05C1C6C748C95148677E4282D42FE9B208FAECEA81098956566220DBFA6BEACE03BE5CC737A9E" +
+                        "9EA6B56F7F808798DAABE3A02F63A39C61308A4A60A853F9AECAAFB74BEC882343EA9B93AF850BD0" +
+                        "398A94567242303893FB7A86B685A47A61A787E2964AB0DFF9684C200104FA9BBB4202D2C036BDB9" +
+                        "2E0AED98C7DDCFF9FF37EACD4E6E38C90890396B1A3196B06666C88EA1645B162A4B7407FE25BF8A" +
+                        "498CF8035F3668EA9577CDB492B0AAAF23252574F5B0DD792F50CEB00DACC3DBF721C1EC69FEB2E7" +
+                        "EB8643E99C36A089657A3311F0469196995F6AE17B975C694805C2B96967D8C57409ADE2EADC328D" +
+                        "52E1F159632CF32D9F896ED2568B1E33D914B497F5C447CE11735D572052BCEDB4672A9F35BFDC20" +
+                        "C780C905BD1D2CE549DD080869A8BDEBA92892500E78B6CF4F8774C55005E8AD158687B6433C40F4" +
+                        "6FC8BF597CA8AECBAA1DC77C7FBA26C80D0F31E4BB29307BB3F3B46B8630FEC63F54EC459CF755DE" +
+                        "A7FE6A35C46D42921AB12006B7080B8CBE55B24C3EE7E006544EFFB62352ED4FBD7714C40A8C3F26" +
+                        "37BB7B0CB21EC82F527D8BA7B2ED2A3A4448536082F2357BBBC0C2F0F918DA073B8DBAC2D6396900" +
+                        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060E15171D1F"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 126,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa65,
+                    shouldPass: true,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "4A85E851AD50F93CAD46F6712050807F12C33503971AEC79A1B712C65A546A3576DCE9D9AD1982B0" +
+                        "D423B8B5E5AB064D65EA4EC4A84F52EB0B7B81B8CB08424C490F4F1CA88F4BC963C503B2AC4C0A88" +
+                        "C9F5ABDF183C01622D36906F02FC10BBDC39414B71616A5B8AA3F8A9A90D78BA2414C53FD239C617" +
+                        "9180D1B4B9630EDB92785F2FF6187982F4EBB4A0103F464F7A21E82D354288AC07B0912A16F3F144" +
+                        "5D2C7C1F41C004F4D066D8AD5DE0D6F91CF7F5B78A2A44373DF262AE788DEB38E56D91884B0FAEB0" +
+                        "B30EC2C2C8D12CA4BD3AA16902C883ED05103F4E4447F85044BC0F5B765C0C7C9B0C0812C213CDF9" +
+                        "35E29824978975A670BEE28DF185AC1D333D208843DE449C1D7AAD6279FD4409B050FC07DFF458DC" +
+                        "AB304A6AC435530B050769126D32A25315774928A9028DE0DFA2657471BF30F366BDF536BAF08DF1" +
+                        "0438F433716692EB2BAAA42EBBDA4680E1196B9D9B58249473215C03C4725040B35E8B43810AEB65" +
+                        "70248FDDD8139B47A9D1ED7DF29EADA73312B8FCD1E3249637481AA9AB43F36B7146B09889A1867E" +
+                        "6688BBB876F8B8387FE1EC486AD6AAE7FE42F7EE2D7F2E9BF6C57249408ECC05D622B2ADD05786DC" +
+                        "92BB3CD6FF2436C85185AB2C430A55E97A62FA03C191F65EE20C4CB6BD4FEB9238AA582314C4BDE4" +
+                        "AA49FA1A0264BE6DCA9505BA5F7DFB959B9D19E480E4CCFC8E7C49109ED5E84660A69DE1FB18C821" +
+                        "A97A43DF9F4F4C71E993BFB359EBDE364D8D89E21097A3C3041FD0F47D4D7A99351CAED796C5FB00" +
+                        "DDAC93E218B4B7732AE0DACCF884997D4332102B6B301925754715CFCDAB85EE826AF03C28E8F9B8" +
+                        "9A090F56074886718FBD2645698D182C9E03DC9F16DB5E4B01D6D48708A0B0379C6B438788642B36" +
+                        "81A09195C4457D71C40C1D980739C15D4DB8BD5864F0B4A9DD05E30C369289A5D5B39771DDAD2C1B" +
+                        "14672C21E15D7B04F8A5F38DD6FA789CA19E9E8F169F910E0249083EB6DDCD8E1528B6CE2BC8B378" +
+                        "96F1225BF69CC5C2084103093EBB2D34812F80C21E58F115F74DC2B44035BBF52B259AED275D7625" +
+                        "0AE4015FDC4D6707582C6B0BF5F03914D6570445DE13CE5047727E198D2D600AF1C7FE3AC560A939" +
+                        "5F8E513C337A0AAFA2CC3439F6C77E70D21C6697CF3483E86E932C0D799035204858EE4F4D7E7661" +
+                        "854E8FDA26AE172B8EA40C436B44A3BB8B3A0FD2A827128B020FA5367EBC9D29B3EFB9FED612AD3C" +
+                        "55A8F957B5C55345F1C453FEA3F08FF374D63CE139988F1DFA3DFBEED134C4B6C9D21C2867309724" +
+                        "2032052EC27092B244D99DB69368CE0F125B3ED6B57B05C0181B144B254EF32A9B9ABE9DC8A5EFAB" +
+                        "BCAF7920B1376CF92FF0DEE41188520A361A297A5AD4744B0781596F08FB0F39E3515133C6EDE145" +
+                        "18986B3559FD1CA65B055BBCD365ECD4BFE25B807C44A5F8460D113DBC3C001051A63D75F0BC9C27" +
+                        "578FA5C92F43AFA71289CD8D5188A4EC34887E1CCA9219734EB00A63159590339C9BE5A65D3CC7E6" +
+                        "FCBACC895D895321696AFB192B627E3C9540FD6515D52565C2EF3314FF046004BB7CF539D80DB23C" +
+                        "19CEF0FE2441D838709012074A5F6496273F96142483B2203BC068DCC97EFF912F424F324FC2A50B" +
+                        "E0D32B5ACC9D580C01484C7127B266DEEA11CE78AB8A7E98D244B987CAD4B85ADA60C0BEF869E8FF" +
+                        "3DFE7866221C8FE0C4378ECE999BB3D5FEB59F0282FC5BBFCEA31DB572F59FD759AAE1A03E4082D1" +
+                        "DD93BBDA35F8BD3283BFAC12E2F073BE56F9AD1EB7F916B297A371B70DE2361709CCA0294C108327" +
+                        "A0851975079DE7B19EFA627CC1B413243A97B39FD337C69FC91C997F401E1D266EE536309DB2CCC0" +
+                        "A0DA4069C2B1A1D951E4EB79ACD9714D90F17D9EA43D300575E8DBF167F1578C1B21AD890700CA0E" +
+                        "70D57F90414DCF1F986F9E7ACEF750DA623AB9CF8487F069D614396D5005F3BEF16290DDFBF073C7" +
+                        "1AE118A9D2415D9D0CA67808B74BE206EBA37199E62E01DE48265A0119ADC02AE02BAC32AADB1295" +
+                        "FFCFB3856C790B9AC99D52346EE23686A35F77CF5B7F0B5715F1B0109DAF17E97DBA770616B24E3C" +
+                        "DADD30B968FA4C137AE31EF6A7DD07ACF8F9A912E3617305FF54489A8DCA27B7C90AC35BD4201085" +
+                        "39218C324CBDAB0B13E7F03E753F2657D27EF605EE39F1857DF641C7D8F2F9DAA6BC1A6B607079AD" +
+                        "BF03C66664C527B8417DF3EB1C668950FE1B86AF9D22866431DB28A1EDF1E9FD8E44836C8FB1D8A0" +
+                        "99CDD8CF7F1EFAE525C0ADFBBB3342419A1F3FAC42D187C486108A0D92183695627E092198E5B189" +
+                        "BDBC772FC74E05246148CB6F6264B876B9768AA311D5D016C55AB779D238CD93CD73AA114DBD8940" +
+                        "837C2CBD000382DE2BDF63D11CD0C0ABDA429EEA02A9408379EFB4CB4A9F57718BCC2739D75C20EB" +
+                        "D50D36FEFC2646033FC16B1FCB043605C4908EC983EFF74023CEBDDAF83E5F9191B59622A77897DF" +
+                        "8574DD287DBAA1D1ACBFB2AE8FCDB9E8ADE9FAD36CD676E737E257FF98FCD4023643922D61A73755" +
+                        "F7F85A62988D32A45C85CE63C493E26D0488AA21F3A8C38C5B1A1C42E56C3E0C67633983DA32106C" +
+                        "A47115038B80F1BBC12291C7780317313ADA605D804646C676843FC9F0F9536BCE5812B4DC936AB2" +
+                        "180268DE85ACD4BF7E6494EE33709EB4F174781328D63C5B4CD600BCC235619D1AF48D3FE59DD2B0" +
+                        "7AA8155C864C4527363807C3A3DD4ABF766A3F503F8BD24696F90EE21E8EA723",
+                    secretKeyHex:
+                        "4A85E851AD50F93CAD46F6712050807F12C33503971AEC79A1B712C65A546A357C92A89BC258B254" +
+                        "0BC16972B9A495B979D61088AB611178DC6E0AF27493875EC32FAB9BA2C49340F385F6D4F76E0BD9" +
+                        "82816B6EE8B96D7E4BBBB72D756974B2CE91BA9EF3B18FCC00ECB670DCE6B5C1EE527E3A981EB34E" +
+                        "CE803B53A0A7B4220471383203020430328455441317380602602315060857124644737183236010" +
+                        "66102618756311110488775648233144387402066615884225320645745526581610361781142682" +
+                        "88583274788773074230115747435662352417730447424405334466753814304840547385262576" +
+                        "55368276170237165743585213044868722076800333088380543031757216227750201634706474" +
+                        "88578626245476185086014445822131112381306147074872512024581185606875503631578680" +
+                        "12140201800287318708406470373605047413465610758024205324148244744216650024625676" +
+                        "64137612021624370830000387400863405470175680231634575255675232704768284700585716" +
+                        "64624321185633345337417203401422764602017083275262684788645676646506404755740101" +
+                        "58643576153075125481857062310416310600463563658060031438863122670047612527858307" +
+                        "70856225276475801810044406731641020111823568723167538657543066484472753884448276" +
+                        "64367763365465480588634751750250007888348455607330842301601040411212078464545504" +
+                        "18186300436031277258615817872340365077542426530651034774838708367427600817320784" +
+                        "70740307445317577376716334780618266356467603735843380005137255661616412473768012" +
+                        "53443750081063102338455754315763606462248646444343211860510617643671862836223520" +
+                        "65843734166328817807638224351656762156217704075042576566024402248640411363236762" +
+                        "54511287783474304154126052233832407331772776880365217075481334182158636406064038" +
+                        "63248512175452237543637801036002322336751583620706583235162488734087624527748176" +
+                        "15882463037482226050313714246647537302503506582103766762672864468857688774804468" +
+                        "66163446082030671877270466804556425533010013106110643874512633487300536828336555" +
+                        "34685320057784126578483637175548656464123062872141304561571184362851856800175864" +
+                        "18425661643154711218724471828682161753155468557748830277064625573450080522613100" +
+                        "34604216178030705726601236510131337641840503524143147433650253355721884682161866" +
+                        "62253134320878264553754468403260001484271332260502861558164645647266885450013258" +
+                        "42776154037744574220818270818283050784703407734477803807214726570845765654868651" +
+                        "75261883787471534316682833007674041574252545713822787165201570388211152161484848" +
+                        "53845434025712223666345176448814132133822050687200188028173718483151462873652547" +
+                        "42551336217875278233728121618845770445638228313353784450417602675208338447367155" +
+                        "16715668768531436108425874773448804172177077468403555132168735400341334487066726" +
+                        "06467635561704856286470183234885673643673660387445401834178107852733182635171577" +
+                        "03161044634755301611771227120762445242755215441240836547485235001655520232432473" +
+                        "24421844783424361407512357684888163388583466775362462554232434236868727822188605" +
+                        "76572744358443236152725208775024356825332386620586563668317548635575643281322867" +
+                        "61064516045061133082460626117238043141687702783710318375282326541711573030868060" +
+                        "84541048518288416605163745464073032288361540363847114176884120147518867143032356" +
+                        "60782872312806274234764755307800386063161661510061830543544677512462201257701504" +
+                        "7742606275633208083844816820288095949B0898D373ACEA5F61E33D5071122DC00E3F02C9E134" +
+                        "B191A23A8346F81FC7B2A1C4298AAEC91CAAF75004469BEDF9AF77E2458F31DA22D9122F51CD2026" +
+                        "6F50FB4B86FB03E03EAFA6A0FBC5CD4F2E320DBA9B4ACEB03B81C7A19DEC06372156D5B41EF192FD" +
+                        "53231EBC29B211A3A16B269E69164E82698C3C82D5DF78CC8B899901C2ECCB8DA39C4FA1A78A37B5" +
+                        "9F9336BA0F2D720C93C7013016CCA6A833A1F78C6AD04C6E33FD2897222AE5A96F2D6C9A5BEB5523" +
+                        "9ADB8424484B0123307718F5B995F6AC423DE65CD4E34949C3070C4D288ABAF9E631D94A1D3CAE46" +
+                        "D6063263245E4DF11F3B23C6E0DFA7FBEFC036C70DB08F70569C9F0FE015EF1E27F315A5767619BC" +
+                        "3F73AFA122151FDFE103FBDA33D8132FAFB24A1625B02591055211AE6F248577966CFC18BAC98AF6" +
+                        "A71EDCEA0A519E28DF52B2C233E88A5F47A110E79F606784AFE7009E8D279E52F361E28686713196" +
+                        "0561A516FE5101E32C4C26A7AEF666A79A8EF386650F552480819156C45C54C9E0BC67D35BCDFC9D" +
+                        "33D0058132B230130DCC0B016CFF30F9A8F622A1A9476F113621014D63C6BB46A5BB5AF5F2E1648C" +
+                        "5B08902F7EC97E11AF7DEA4DA506741D8762DB599622A48991AFF70976ED0F0394EC05808AB4272E" +
+                        "13D2AE475F75781FBEC5148529458D88ED6436B4870CE38A41DFAD61F6C787C1349555F237AEF13F" +
+                        "7B8CA388BDE40820669125775806C47907279CF3E94ED5A0FB25E0B880CA40BA06E383804D1F8E22" +
+                        "191D70239A2237FF7928EE4F1927CC07F2E8EB09D0E51014ECDCE1F9FC61FE14C314E4F05796D57D" +
+                        "4CEFC3AE58022DF8560B3BB459104C6D583E248E33CB70B432C0B19EC0F953F8BC48BBBA9D96A927" +
+                        "F6B3880B5C0817CF4D7B48ADEBEE930AACB949A46E77910F33B87C16000E731810EC0E33EC9558F3" +
+                        "CA863AAC2D0671B7E77F25724A5DB5F3E92F377D9F3394279EC06D49A8DAA975969BB63C3DA30E18" +
+                        "1F6597BA8B6FB1FBD67B8B685CBA6181C70C0AB066D5275D70FBCB52422F5FF241EAE960A8E93BC4" +
+                        "FE05FC970A7F8C5AD2E1DA52408FC93054AF028720ACC6A5B78D40493AEFB05216315E1783D80F47" +
+                        "85D3D71B7AF4BD75F70A398695D34747F75BE7D053E302F60D589046AAC41841E10CD4E5E5D260A9" +
+                        "C6E326DB2CEE7D560F2D5E58E9E9E63AD65948E9D5052BBEE0148315DA626D25A69B4E17200D828E" +
+                        "3B19AB55C9659810724C2A0BD16A2CB271CBA908E3663A4162BF15481A49375639EA0736C7EBE7ED" +
+                        "66545F6ABC2ACF0AEC6D86DE42842D48E81FC8085DBA0B2476CD91847DB34CB76615283E5351F712" +
+                        "F8270335DF457B2CC5BC32DE97F7426ED1B21C152C767B22C7BB251FFD143005A5AA2562DF89547F" +
+                        "EDDC24C88914DB75DB6041032E64FD55421B3D57E5302609B739C8887E2F58ACF5C4D8551736F57D" +
+                        "1A3EE5F4FD1A869EC4A17A0DEEBD97D8360DE703D9AA3122ECBFB8A0F6FA2D569B6A42254C4D1A55" +
+                        "FE62AA64CADB1C86257D48C0FB3330453E8AE8777F69D43611308B48CCF76759F15962CBCE399ED2" +
+                        "D0C5819A8726A492C5D6007FCBE0F678FAB088AC7DD0BC8495CB65589F07FAAB6EC1FA36862A4DE2" +
+                        "87685D702B36E053D789923D1C7F21BC1468B4E066E48E69D76DEE3073CE3F1001A411112DD443D6" +
+                        "5CB6F3CF20F77891143E9FED51EBC3FDBCA9D344D05A586BD1A9ABB93F9D1FEC273445A0F8DF0A8A" +
+                        "829EB48AB2A26B146A77EE964C91D7904094E6B04D9CE20735CA9B280F2D216F35B90D8A5B8D5056" +
+                        "002C6AF64FA0CBE9B46D297F84373AE2466893D4AEBE5755C96F662BDF790680826162323E8D1BAA" +
+                        "AB2259A126C817A2F0403F537882F6FC2F153CF2450D13812402D3D625875EE0E3E2D810209180A6" +
+                        "703698B97453A5E98D357FD47C71DD0D587D18A3890BD3222FCA0AA04F48498D1DB9B0CE7E21EB17" +
+                        "BFA5D685D04B98FE6AAC9538E58F4A38B0EFB2D845A01C28E57A9F85F0C6279AAE762B15B5985C82" +
+                        "3CBA7B7864D35772FE91514F862B414510C1A9652B9A6F8C1EDF3B067E5B6AF77B0A8D22F2F4C98C" +
+                        "2DB1C069738E8E9FBA2EBA1F4F38875A438B942BDD424DE4B084CBBCD6C4F758BF926AD6DC505BA0" +
+                        "279E61B3249FB65A7C2C1646C5617D0A1FA3857873A7810659F3D7043F72EB45336C9534BB8146B3" +
+                        "DFE2715A7CF82720C8F62411637227AC4513F0928ADF8FB16BDCF6A53E7BC914DD897CC44FC4FC94" +
+                        "9DBDBECBC4CD1E164B6F335CB03E57A04D58D2E783A39B59372575BACD1484C5FF8FF6BB155F9ED4" +
+                        "405D09E665CE0C0F6E7FD482DE1F131C3B54E3BC7D2EF0583E38DD01BB57579783827EEC8CE7F99E" +
+                        "B4FA643012E11BF26CC456B5368A896E58D54AD5E7D0A30804081F53D2E0CBBAA3546AE1F8DCDFA9" +
+                        "FBD0C5478B843805F39E2ADCEDA365975AF83D516E0E607F5EBB711886DEB4450DDEB4E50201E9B5" +
+                        "4E4034591AD976AB754CDBA03B159E9F4A002FEC231E25367EC7D6A46A97F2898EF7EEEADB978BB0" +
+                        "872DEE38A0645922EA02AEA3CF32A31A12AD0254E855685AC16B2FB70DC65D29308062A2CE1EB876" +
+                        "A5FEEFE1EEC48A90A521A559FFFA66861E67FD4FB2E028973DEEE1A9F36D37D98D0AEEA19ACA2205" +
+                        "3E77F25C039158C023068F83C13761344A39EC8DD1FF303770E422A50442EB75509B9425356EB2A7" +
+                        "510BE086AAD53ECF2F5BB5BC5D1D64DD92FE870183F7619B0936807E36988AC4DF8FF57026B0FA53" +
+                        "CB2B661D9EC5A74FB2D8514FEB74446D6B2AB6174C58B81B0DEE208C0B568C3BE8E34940541D4439" +
+                        "089736D50649E8E16F9E6A4D9E0A2DC908E117631A9C996B306FBEB2B1065A72CD97EE24057EA925" +
+                        "14C4E205FA23FF3A78C3FCDDCF97E7BE92D450204F34A1CD9398C2A8F1BFEF989B0DAC75EB41E85D" +
+                        "053290DFBF07F71BE84E6E3149F724751168D97F28AD04EE0DA39F91458EE3A93A702EF8A8DAF38B" +
+                        "291CA63AE0C89988BE7730477A029479E38F06E2F8AC698BB4739E44E9EC1FC0AD82AFA72343DA13" +
+                        "784FC30C08044EB2E26314E75B5270E709744AE1DDB22F42310BEAC7E17479ACA7717FE38626FFE0" +
+                        "1D947BF5C07CE61ACC760BA8E6D2BCE2063A67CDA928BBE88608D14DABB890CE6D537AA32464F33D" +
+                        "B3AA062FC0AF0A360B91CE28C963809ADD73280081F0C6E80CCC4B6482EC0E7201FA895F82765572" +
+                        "2E4BD8600488096B7DF75F59D899BC62FC02526A3CF1AD3402E55A1C96F0718CA0486B8B5CBCE55D" +
+                        "4473D504CA092C4FA6B13E8E68A549AF36E37BDD3E76DA1C932B7D13285541FCC5155F0E10F57DA8" +
+                        "2755962E446991620783D0E4CBBA5735C2D884895C46164A031FC604D1075B99C7D12F45BFB92700" +
+                        "B046387468C3E142990154C50B80055F4A9E0E55B7CA894D81167B481795FBC25B2ACE80A55B3667" +
+                        "0C80029CB5B0E8BC5C16F5C5C1B589D99FAB3C7EE854BF554ECA476558597C9F9742C50BE09F06D4" +
+                        "A4A2B892C1C3945BDCD8511A721365703019CC679962A4C2F31406087AAD31B8",
+                    muHex:
+                        "9CD233A4D7F964EBD5CECD58DD785F3FE139C0C6CA8A7B26A1F4F6D6F6E6690798054D3BC48F5D10" +
+                        "A8A3F03923FF41AE5A9046D25F4CA2EA0EF83435090C8FC5",
+                    signatureHex:
+                        "4037F2B465C1F054B6F9E62051F68F12DCD34093671111C8BB697A14B328F8FB6266478A2FD7FAE5" +
+                        "89768896F9751A9D08EB14066A676AC353824BD53B2997DBDEF823D7C53E81FB561AE202EBBC87CE" +
+                        "29C216D15D8F5EC49256FE4512831035E76C965431343B46D835B4DF2F43F1558BF09B84C1E572DF" +
+                        "6FAE7F8BFADD236A1560E47A53E7A6CE32A0C96C269767182DB73F6A042E70253C2169BED2F5FE50" +
+                        "7EAFCA21FD1D8765E3D8B381B77DCBD499D937DFE29B553A56C203D6C40E798689C1F4AAB753763E" +
+                        "017B1EE358CEE1D695040B994FFA5D5D91215FC827920180E9C89D3ED85716F29EA6635DA9613CD9" +
+                        "F71519660C2BEBF812F4A4F7D9F831FB0EBCA0177413870166251DC8AE65CA54E85546727CD9B8C4" +
+                        "DBADABC966F2C027BC496048DE3C5EDB04C36E68CB3B336B803A083B52082C67185ED2B2C4068E83" +
+                        "48C6883D8455939C7962FC23A212631C787231DBF2929186D22034FA05736B1A015417958CE2ED6C" +
+                        "AE5AFF892E1E702A7153D97D84B902F9045B530211F99BA73ED9E75AF8EDAE8473FB011093B8690E" +
+                        "B2B02E25AC56FBF3E850FB0AD3450B3C957360E31BAD4F93D0931BD0BA52DE3A4AE792B376D907DA" +
+                        "233811B4AA28FD11B76F68515120BD8A330091A15457CB2E2A22CE0FBCAD8D7863596FD7F5574D4A" +
+                        "03F7B4357C7E62D3757B1533C7952535D10A2EB7B86EE56A51996DBB9360E883B5BBEAC7093047F2" +
+                        "2356F99E5E28301F2A6FCBA8C150E3A82EE122C0E92B1475153E92166C081C8FAA5F0A4B57D7657F" +
+                        "47940C1DABD9DE1CAAAE9431619AFCA706FDB5DC45A42F5FBE72A07C7160ED76225E80E86DE2D156" +
+                        "E2755BF14C96478E6A84071C48646072A8688D08837922CF2EEBC15A93F74E9A0C7F68C55761DAFB" +
+                        "5A55BD5895770702842C389957CE45D2F1B16F87C77843A36C427F227F862D26FEBBA0A4C5EE7BD3" +
+                        "4A5646CA571F25EC039B68AA1F6BF4E8BC90361FF8075C23652CBE6130635EF40C37E29BBFF8ECA0" +
+                        "D061B564D7D36FFF0E78A3ED7FA3A781CDFB338FA242570DAB5DB8CDFAECC5C8DBFB96E0F8B8C935" +
+                        "F3FF3633BD2587776F2E9437ED42CD539621FE96EC74E9BD0F5D087AE28D0D6F1796364E8E43C489" +
+                        "6E79CB751033F35D535C8EBD441B2EE785E13E6A87FF9CCA720F2AFDE131FDFD645E10E15D3E0B00" +
+                        "E6C759FB07048AFFDF8749C80A63445978CB2539F63E076A55C3FC132830F4D8092ECEC4FD687C68" +
+                        "AE3C9559E92FB23FC38F3DBF88312C45AEF4E3957EC58409FCD771EFBA2AFCC004C4004B1648BB02" +
+                        "969D056D72ED0232E63C095422EEDCFC8B023B1AC822C5A65C3DA6E16AD7DA8F17E7454F16A2E62F" +
+                        "69894B17FE0CA50E2EA3D87075332AA9F388372855648BA462414333906E7489141598C276D8AE8C" +
+                        "CC0D03DAD2538E2AB3F9F5A031051CD265AD668CE491951826E0DB1A3F436A8CF6D04877C4CD5B95" +
+                        "2BF32C3055F4BB6000CE38050DB9444A6F8181A95BC60DD347B3F5BFEB0E40BDE3C24FE924B43F15" +
+                        "82A7409CC350D29C327536B1E1DFEE9F594C59F863EEAE06E5D9FCB47A7E0E74778DAF49C9F082EC" +
+                        "8C33D7E7DDD98ECB98D514B84750C5127DD15DEBB9B1EC77FD9A5219A74AC3F99D7816083F3A7522" +
+                        "1329EAAAF9EF82A8F73B37967B9A7C16389A3923B572EA664E0E9A13AC49C1D4BE59ACCFEB143F92" +
+                        "9BC89160EDF266D62582CB90C4D9808BCDA109C3F56BF39D674D0B60FB24D2D1F8743413663701B8" +
+                        "EBE4A393230616FE63166BC235CF1400E502FE97D58379923E788B1E57BB2DA761824F7D60E5AADC" +
+                        "BAB08C96A8D4A3577A8F8AD0A1EFD4A7AB4DF6983E3D775D2E3BD5FA437E526435B7DCF18DC576FA" +
+                        "5AF0321BB8CDE8928C34000F2042D321ED9899A157EE17FCF0966ECB296EC1F992EB628315E57160" +
+                        "E7D618B5FF0CA2D3EA54CFFB084702E5C916EC84C3EEC840486F99BB006F77FD17C788C6074351BA" +
+                        "25904845E3AFCF98CD11F436BC35F1E42E0159F8307D6712F157E0F5CA075B2CD964452A86269D78" +
+                        "59FF7BA474225E1DAA8916D3E5FA9B439D4933E154E1572FFF82346A33AD68B6365846C22D0DE2CD" +
+                        "DC112AB64357C8F2885A40713EDFD9E3B254C500E20FAB362BEE4AFFDC4D04EEE86D58FFEA4BAC00" +
+                        "3AF89B65AADE11947971C818B4B2C7B955C56505A03CC75E28A4BDECFC6BFA612E0030E0FB1B5827" +
+                        "DB9767B8E4714422B6A4F0F325BD79C3A1B874B92E1C7F084AE9C8C62C761C1D4041AD576915763F" +
+                        "D84F64A6B5E26B8C1DED34C6C88497BCF06B4382FAD6C5916B0933C1D4E167944F54AAD5174C81BD" +
+                        "21992AD27E61621D75D40591C9181B540ECA6EF996623B3D5BD4E1D071F8DC8053DA76608CD47592" +
+                        "771507B0D146083D84A3031A7EECBCE3ADF528B27BB7FF2620E6A8C2BA0174B906BCC4E86B4C324C" +
+                        "65478316F636D866BD36B389778287D91ED564DFF1FFEAB2B56E9E3D1872A73DEB9F9D0AFC5D31BC" +
+                        "868A50C5058A183BDB443AE68E371B50D007753B5E2A255EA7C01F1D84BC21B32F33615B85958FDA" +
+                        "346F1C614F070C10C5675AD12D4E33F42A20F0FAAE1D0E962C32D00FBF13383A0EEBED406A5CDA84" +
+                        "D03FB51C036224C2FB412BF99083CB8A7E326E2A097A0C3189A9EF9008F8955E6B198BC6CEFADDBA" +
+                        "AF1526C7579487D929537B55BD21005DE05FB1F5C1825044B99658D0BD16F820BD4AA677D74716BC" +
+                        "78299548ACD21FBCBBAE26941206793A089B430601B26190EEC345FF982E8F71387288E8C6F1D494" +
+                        "A07F3C49C59D98340A3C49760565AB2C64B8197D81773A7F142526F67ACD301C1052416614D04AB3" +
+                        "0AA9B18F572763143474301E2E9F0A206D3355B0C31D5254368B60B1AACC8B71154D496792BFE8E6" +
+                        "7FC6F48B043DA2A4AD8BB5F9DC2FA281CDBC5BE65B1D8D3F14F56CDA812A0DFFE2DD4F8CD9B7FADD" +
+                        "38EDD2A2D8672E15CD2FF53A11EA189D49A29E05DB00423C9C0B8CE05663A96B094BD84E51E429FD" +
+                        "BE0BF2997B6C0D573CD9459935F2BC408FEB8C825B395699B4D0B87EDF2813469A352CECDA0F6086" +
+                        "578520E8A3A63A91F8B3BFCAFB50AED228FFA895DE6624DA327F3B31024041FA8A2DB1F8CE0A4727" +
+                        "42D1CD02D915E8D4613677053B966C24D86208D242B2292896861AF3D0E3D32742280E9F51B93B84" +
+                        "572442CD9F5D70B133FE8D5458A8D4A897F063C88C43BF6B38DDB702F0B75CDBCCCC5A39532485C2" +
+                        "A1C26E28EEC181359CFC9CB702A185FAAFDE7C6F9D2EFFDA3681FF429F0B42786025C33020F3F57C" +
+                        "C840CBA5E6ED47DD4D5A0CDEE5283968900459604AAE38331D9A5D610464E2C8483C179756EC8E4A" +
+                        "E592D7952E110799BABCA701B4DEB9D4CF74E9E901F01249751329D81A497409057C0A958D48798A" +
+                        "07180E55E2EB4DF30198DDF30EF1CBAD219D7A624E311B8C062F5F1DE08F53DA1EE7C223581A25A1" +
+                        "911F36ABA68CB63B275BE05BD6677BC238AB9CC04790E5618102B3B1AFA1CEC926D8BAA4A7257A3B" +
+                        "3A648FA5B370E216CCB67C6540C60C85FC2E128C78AE05E0C3229F7C684809050998C67928D52728" +
+                        "42F7BE54F9E265735BFCD165148D02AD6EB83FF2C9B04D6BBFF7807967601398826B397B970E726C" +
+                        "67DB0754CE710E2A15A253A72F624F2446184202C4B1EC125C1CC860E8529F90DE8A44E50EBEE268" +
+                        "398A799701689790338323CFACBF8D34772CCCA9710EA77673CE370C447CFAA6D3A575782F659119" +
+                        "A5B3AE21373765915128A344093968AB723A8EF1D340186AC899A5406032B1F2E8439478F296A96C" +
+                        "5F7006C7657FA051A33BA138ECF9B4FA2D253E8FBC803C8D557FFDA87A65BA0F07DB33EFEBCD8DC0" +
+                        "8219704565BF755133323665A0B860FEF8E03788777102DD3AEA57D38C860885365BDEA7AED679AA" +
+                        "996FF7BDBF48DF2B9CABDC63B0AE6B38389C73F3A955AD249AEF837028D5C9A9D8350107BDB1BD5B" +
+                        "F3D4729E236999B65C41A73714ECEB85851815536FA05D708E139C3B191EFAE2459659B1D5F461FF" +
+                        "C5328A5E43902D2B7007009CF14B03061C964A0E3860B08E04890F12C4C434A7072115AE984C417D" +
+                        "D84FA6A1E60EA391EBA2400323DC690A79B2DBCEB4324D00954A4CC8CC51893596105D7FBBD23D88" +
+                        "C38DF1957C483319A341D6D97AC465DCB938E9FF98C9F004D7BC182A2D1F77D31AA8491234025A81" +
+                        "089A29F2072C86D1DCED04BD2C1FABFF76AEA97D46B93E77CC7ADC6A10C7385DDB638A9AD314D8F2" +
+                        "4423679F922CBA31ACFEBD52E945CB962285A67B9F3EDE92169A14B4E6EE658E1FCAD1E55E4BACA2" +
+                        "5A04A8EA83E5D07D83118C5AF202D8878077CAA3CB7A4D00A3BBA8CFD533BF7D1400D2835AE1DC98" +
+                        "B18ED4B4890AB102B9809965D06435F8E64BDB64E9968B5F9668106A22EACE191ABF6301B4026E13" +
+                        "1DD46424CC4933346E3CF810157368BA6A601ECAE9BE377F5F201FC799BC8C231A616C3BAB36386E" +
+                        "4A4E73931390DEC263BB1042C98DD921B07D8537489832A12B489B37836D12CD2FA72226F1ACC3D5" +
+                        "8E83E843508F15B22F9319BF88CB4FBC89D63B69C1868AAD25F72883F6995BEB5714E38E9803F35D" +
+                        "B876F4CB3F4E4D4F55B0B2CBFF006271C9DAE5F4041E3EA0A3A9BCE2F8083E6D84B41F34536F829F" +
+                        "A9AA000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050C10151A22"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 151,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa87,
+                    shouldPass: false,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "5AC3F7DEE913B265880ECF0D501EDC123B53A5ED6C1480A1A194A00EEC916127219F0C8C41C1D6FA" +
+                        "B813938134BA9A817D2A68250CE4D2E02CA704E673B211F57CF7AC426A0F9C59CAD1F3C9E262172B" +
+                        "AEFF9D9B75C8943C42E7F47B52898695EBB8D47832DB1D345AB6A66EAA1C34442CC77E33887FA11A" +
+                        "551AE46A3EC2E8B31D349C3D7EE8C7C0B3F33770FB474C8FECB9FFC731DB79A0C71DE557D47BF5AD" +
+                        "8E4718368813275C1F1FC3FE92CBDD5AF811DDFBE45A62E9406D763FBE47483F7DCC8FC026332D4A" +
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+                        "ADFB9BFC9A8FFF84C50AA6A849CB7232C16FDF3642A09225EC814525D80D803A03B8BE0D30481FBB" +
+                        "EE0FF8038BAFE37CC35E39115669CC131C9A46C2DC2C0478856F59F5E8C5F832ACE3D75A160F0076" +
+                        "D667ED4FD377FF620D516442BA67A4BE2FB8AB1AED3EFA0A00232441455D616D83C2C6CCDCE4030F" +
+                        "223034425689CDF0F823424954AEBBC1C81738393C599CE1E7EE173E678FC9D6DD0A0E3CABAFEC30" +
+                        "6C95A3A4B2EBF61A4D528DA3AACFD7EFFE00000E19212A31373F49"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 152,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa87,
+                    shouldPass: false,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "57D0E0EF35EFABD76B919E9324A98CBEF1DB4FD34A073CFA241D8A3950DE38EA7F301C3C72AF8160" +
+                        "35A8ABF0D887B2CF7350D45AFF2695A223AC912FFEAFC2CA4552D3B8A4FD32A8D29FB64A3947EAC1" +
+                        "F0283DA96696663717758E9885A647686D35A427C1A5ECEDA5E9F44F4D0D462DBF1EB0B79ECA7AC0" +
+                        "5907E75B060F89A67424E76C4FA206C64CF88171A2F77F10EB239351133B1A24D089F3E80FDE854F" +
+                        "D16C83C7A4B0F41DBB6A218EB2C95579F7772B55D022F91B43AD835F2CE3A4A56D879E48CA91A6C7" +
+                        "AC19836E686010A4D75349B29CBE5BFC9D4B65E7E90C9BFD38B34AACF81C1C13FC5C356D4A6690C1" +
+                        "CA999A13212044496F638BF6176074D9846673DA8196C14ED90D566591F6088430F3712B77A33247" +
+                        "126EE016879996EA5E7BAE2F6A65D44E4FBCBF3FD30A336D36A40B9354F6118554F39608B253E4DD" +
+                        "DF744D5159B01E451A1FD9F923BD98B8D07CD38265CBF46CDB4B0FBB91615B0BAE8B39C008A49F98" +
+                        "5223717D13B427EE7C2676FADC7816432CCA0AE63BBB5756AE666BDC1AF6EBDEC1CE155F1729BB62" +
+                        "9D7F6C71BFF34D1C1ED0477C774AAFC525D7AB30FF4D1D985BBC39D1D3D28FE14E6B0BEAA9B9FA3C" +
+                        "B9FC0AC25584B9C516E3DD7A7824B6C474E57B962753B59BB7D3F4B1DFC1DE0B75C546EC524172CC" +
+                        "65701422B16C5CD034A567D8BADA1E3B1A5A6A407B8D855F8EEE4558198AC2AC09A0B9C1C867C86E" +
+                        "ECB24AEB6DFC8E67B8F2B3444DB71B945271B9B0389D1F6882DA665E9868A530B405AA4C84D45237" +
+                        "D683D60B1C41AB7A8ABED8971AF6C39AC8DB6A0825797993177A6494E8E863B8F9D395A23EB0B16C" +
+                        "8331EB8B84FFBDAA380B5161E4AF8BE39B5514BC43FB26EC62FD40153E997C23930CCC83ADBE97E2" +
+                        "B74EE4877E7F48D7D44FCFBF45D7CC12D2D0C204F187D86F1D4D913630BC7F13064C9D3342BA235E" +
+                        "AB8B504B8746AC03BDEFBBE2A8DA7499BD1217D26D6EF10CBEA42189CABA467474ACDA87036C54C9" +
+                        "773CE03C62511E9DAC42A292F758D3854BD865AAF39E6A8201B87EF0FD29455EAA90B69A5213B5D2" +
+                        "C291FA4E8857838F085F782A59FD3DADA29D45AC53F4196B28726DAC1D7507FDB6D4A84024F1D256" +
+                        "E90E7DE50149D7DAD8EDF9CCEA3E0A8829EAE8AB396DDB9226B89023E8660BEF55967ED6E8F9A60C" +
+                        "A646C940C4B3248842BD385BC9A6D97FECAD3F9B63A637D48C56CCA1E8BB180E9B38FE8AEBE3A66E" +
+                        "D45BC0C4C0AF86D4A71B72A4A11C637A494ECAF5C37CF863818583ECFB80A1279E58E4DEB9E16317" +
+                        "144CC9072F19FD44E072B549404EF25FA9D7A7D2043D4C994284D36951B15CB71DCFFDFAD92636B6" +
+                        "E6F8F11D8C14875F3B625129007A6C097C0B28D807B865932852527542E54CDC638339B75EE8ACF9" +
+                        "24B1838FA1B739D495623C41F2554AEE18383B46A21FFA390153039A6A6B57540C056B4784D85A86" +
+                        "8C5DE41D160D8721509C0A7D0B32DF7918294D3E96D37F2930E3004ED8DE4D9A26C4D45EDF811FD4" +
+                        "F78C94BDCE94CD75B91F1DB859F7915ABC058AA61E28C0F1C3CC5CBAB961435571E1641AB2FE11EA" +
+                        "ED5F0D3674CA6320119F417B665F186C74CFA3B1E45836535D6A76846EA9B959E3A846C09F9C763E" +
+                        "12AB522FF9C260B297BCA586768B94DCCEFA9EF6E4F20DF6D5B39DA3F6CBF35AA54FACD504A50618" +
+                        "1D9B7592C1824B59D08C560DA25815040D88C3697DB4363CA30A25693D0006F19FE4A75345445E8C" +
+                        "C294D50E750939428F6C7628E1E7BD55476B38F59073914F9C334531D3FDDF452686ACE8AE41561C" +
+                        "4298AF86FC53B39B946E973977B2C42AE7173B42FFA5313DF28FFF3BCD313EA4731C7C65340F3755" +
+                        "6589DB451FE93A5BD94BFE27320F470B3CDE0D7F208986574725E4EC38DF0D7FBE7596773659D57B" +
+                        "F948720F7CA36E9533DE28B47B19E8A70E0390F9BFF59D4A0722A89111F165D4689B5ABCCC190553" +
+                        "97A165EF25138C8FA28B8BFDC0B22D1D69BBFBBB605A58272BE13521C72BB0B1C91F876F4387F79B" +
+                        "C566579CC0D52C44E48BE55D5036B4432EAC045EFE60682204C6E87AD02C0103D84218882E533874" +
+                        "588B1E4C2509477332679CF25EE6F24CDAD7C1502904C4B133D2898088A8BCDF1B3B4844D21145CA" +
+                        "02ED80F2820E332791CD7E9CCAFF01CC5605240E05B6AB10CF9150869CADC9E2E7BD98F062BBD58D" +
+                        "5FC80A0819835B92AEBE68D6AEE8B42BB5B91FC5034826B82A555636116E1567017560819436A482" +
+                        "D6B46CBE5C298491FB620A50BBF59B70952B04BB449685E2B4A5B179696083683063A903BA872C95" +
+                        "32B23F8929617CC9F3E3E3A77D57804EC2E4019EC577EA9AE1A3657222C06723C13027DD1C266F81" +
+                        "8F01A51590ED14882E66B60B2F11DC581A1E0C37ABD9791F6FFB83296CE11B7D4451CC0165A6A24D" +
+                        "CBC24126742EB8F7DBBABDB01C2BDAAD07D1DC7B38B40B872E455CD7E6BBA895414C2ABF3384D403" +
+                        "C10F49482A26EE46B03E4191887924EDD6419488BABD2AD7AC64C6C418A74586A6D7F5695C7BC3EF" +
+                        "7B009B79E3AE5F15B09AE01F12FB38522FF5D8179E10F98E9440E93455CC35C5C0BD8E942AEFD82E" +
+                        "378355375E96FF8255F4619223D654F679E2B5DD748DFA0D10C1F3F6BD46E9F8FDD135698BE58563" +
+                        "06B7F7CC4B60B12CCE324C32CB5B0A3844A40BBB41C468D7A8B2C2C155D9B072416FD4109C1079E0" +
+                        "7C60A80D9EB6F352B0107E1FF19085B53CFBBDE7FCB2C160CEE37D1EC35BA64C993B1287B28A626C" +
+                        "7FD52286E5DBBFA590A8AE546FB52C2FB329AC1C354A5A3A1FEA6D6CB435F1BD4906876AADAEC1A2" +
+                        "77D3302198186AA7740F86664EE43836EB3DF74BE38B031FFD58C9AFF3668D30F9D1183DAD467B1B" +
+                        "BEC2C8700866DD89BB6FFF1136016B73B62FBA36483E6FA6598CE1CE787F6B62038B2DCCC00DBE7E" +
+                        "57ABCEA3E8F8C3339B8E2C2B6345394817B3652CBB06A7FED53D6EF612A3F450780FFAB5DB17D7A3" +
+                        "ADE9E76C0F0043D185DB030AEC1CC873C79415EF4501C366787FB845E265C5DF198903693BCF2719" +
+                        "643EBEB3A34801BCA545DBA2448D1AE68C50BC16731DF6C01C794C7C5C6E8D1E32256FD20340F29C" +
+                        "93A107E5F2A1AC986A98F842EF8A017B55EAA629EF7E8CC43B1539C1D908E9650EA6219FD6715FD6" +
+                        "2E5077E55D80CAF4F0C148F5C110DDD5D20B6C532E15DBE25BF545E284C7D2E134AB51AE158AF3B7" +
+                        "CAF7E3E38DAFE82B5263251FF7AE482589B19AEB74F018803184F9E307DE1AB31E50F39F8C5D340C" +
+                        "DB4AD926CF047B0BA915E773F67B41E86CA4CE30E47F82F4BB12CFFEC666BAE7FAB60EA95B2F72C5" +
+                        "76F9B79AE91931ADA74564ED132E7BFE64F27A0672C1B31408A2CC8655A86036769E762113F0E13C" +
+                        "A40D62D2D6B1272E6DC020E78BF139CA03F9534BF4075574D774D77E2C78C662B59C71B4FCF57798" +
+                        "183BD3947CC44B28499F7B977D2456F938DE3C3CB03C845AFDBDFB5D8DFB66624EB84F0E63855B67" +
+                        "78AB1CCE43B3C43D62F3B885BA7ADF1AEB630C802F4D47CC04558088CD65DFDE1236226875DAD1F2" +
+                        "F8AA8543BB15B992187E2B5A243BC3BB7DCDAD5F6279E3DBDDEA84DAE0239C639791D1D5FD9AB10E" +
+                        "58D93A79BACB87DF0110109D25C38E666DE3DE27398F827F1655DC20F6FB94B2",
+                    secretKeyHex:
+                        "57D0E0EF35EFABD76B919E9324A98CBEF1DB4FD34A073CFA241D8A3950DE38EA9052689F173144B5" +
+                        "7C6EACEB144A49C27BDA9085E0A7C23BF1568E6CA2DE89EF72C4646E561717566826B8159AF9C3B5" +
+                        "AE0D068DAB7678DFB1F4A033BFF5C00D0EB735168A54A18BEFC58894301F39F2E775F6F7490DB65E" +
+                        "138F9C876F008CAF48B4010C382E22862544B28CE39885D30625C8A229DA9884142542944880D106" +
+                        "6C9AA289181384483880218705D9A02C21364C5A22106210851386814B324244826D62446201A740" +
+                        "8A86614B4281504080A1949103161049080103024EE1C60D110241980250D920841B830444163220" +
+                        "0092C200260A12680B23085328810B404E91044493480E90B44813820C021380183170C908609B24" +
+                        "4ED818208A324DC324911285080B48262133811A906C40422C22376548B81061144540368C849024" +
+                        "184725C4220420B510E39085E49671819645D146880B164C094884881621191441CCB0844146700B" +
+                        "24108332440235608330494AA870032211E028609324720B15920C056DA38268A3B268023372E222" +
+                        "66440261DA9644E0C88D8C283252C82860043101A02C8B96090CC951080781D3326908090AA3102E" +
+                        "E1A8304B0829D94052922684E1146E2346328312258C10328C002519C80142C4108B88259A942922" +
+                        "48251AB59159182A00957113290C03322251382801066682B60D8B002D1BC84CE44822903660DB46" +
+                        "9103290210A0410CA85123432A90A890DA867123140C032812498471E1A24108431261284C63262C" +
+                        "D8322923311244967000472A00A360C3202C43128A8C406E910040A4C88924336C08962DE3842D50" +
+                        "C46D0B933193C46964A00151B68DD1006E901231E0A87164323051284E03001094066199048250A8" +
+                        "01C2888409B76012364D64388A92162EC1026C12B25149904521942050B80D14498C508224E38010" +
+                        "59B00943340A21382E414022D4181109420D11B6652443041B11025906821A16491CC53002019203" +
+                        "14211B294490165094902514C249C3B49120363288B860CB42841C394A6346514BB88C0B21650C92" +
+                        "4DC4165250146552C2019C148AD210620090881020009C860C19B5641B472E8B240544A829082351" +
+                        "63B208DA460A0B965090360C58B291CAC06558882D94461049046903C5498B48265C864000C98103" +
+                        "A82D14040448B65108464A0C408508320048B604C246525988051802101BB7215112695B900C8AC6" +
+                        "518298105B928898B031C9240EC208128A0030D020024C32024C0088501691DAC08C423610110211" +
+                        "C82069E3042AC2A43110A3510CC4050A454523946521A225DC402501422EE428668A38480932424B" +
+                        "C04941168592348D84802C9B480C2405005C32898C087199142964B20002440DD18830A42265C992" +
+                        "31D310024010801BA56450B830A1B66402A60C89248A09808150845150A029021286C02422514072" +
+                        "08318580A40808447201810460B27191B08CD9B04CD8A08100C98904052A10398ECBA8699C183050" +
+                        "388AC4100983184621448284120D9242299A140E54404053A06489C68C88C28C98229102B65014C2" +
+                        "7024B089DA4649D8B245D924205026849B92411B236D4B240A1415402332690144408A4885A1A028" +
+                        "12B02DD1960540B02814968919968C520650E2424E8AC610A33680D0468411996850866110128501" +
+                        "0541DBB421A282908942010A042410236A1C02621381209A18489A1089C24452DC20448048806334" +
+                        "64DAB20C11172C531084890404000644DA800C189584C0187113480E49C4314222520B3100124510" +
+                        "4AA65083224209B5884C9890E2B470080745C3006560C42D0B360A99B870D0864498388D9AB4498B" +
+                        "36310C168E11394A5B3889A4A601D328700C08809224329A24514B142E03C251248970A4A80D6046" +
+                        "060BB461081210D3A825908421D29444D2A028CB182D592866CB906C0B351143B20D0C154DD04231" +
+                        "4B2065DA30329A820562C648A32688D1A860099449D8300E20021244908D00070A221129D9A62919" +
+                        "B30C8C300E00818860906D82B2710A986854B66923077293326DCA24515A0484C23049CAA4691126" +
+                        "440C372623936420C860542026CAC00002B36D83B6449C208D0C8145219848A19211A39248230031" +
+                        "5AA00451C00C5BA4515C4064038301E2024812A35001902DD82231C3866064C07061364CA1088012" +
+                        "2166CAB83119110ECB10F71E6C07AD509B3813BB658E22F2571D5F8C1A483CB7A9A076C205C54127" +
+                        "624B5F3EC23B8E67A726EB9E8ED41A24AF13B79E8B1583752CF90DFF678A87F509EB7748F35F794D" +
+                        "95EC9167DEC38235A0028EB136BFF2534C9EF202B961CFA1AE50AEE018106DF43F25B7088C337419" +
+                        "9999772689E3D9345F4E3FC361802D838D7F2E65A9CB27E0FA7974026B34522F492C199CA37B8121" +
+                        "6EAFCE3684165DD9C0FF39E766C545775BBE843C79A342D6F4644963C7E19834A0461E9ADDDF94AD" +
+                        "36FD968CA132166F285EDEEDAA3820D21D844F8A3289DD832CB491FFF1D40AB78644CCDD7BDB9E58" +
+                        "5DF95A474101B7B0964891D9DE3EDADD533386FA2412BF75F940591C02AB111568620542EA05FE64" +
+                        "FF0F9A3BE5B3AFEF04A888AF8304BEA9F3DA1AA734D3538E33EF28ECA460E25B29B933FE1C9F0A48" +
+                        "CEE8E925A2AED94DEFF7448BAA14406FC31DD213362EE5B3D096A6F94FA1EAA3FE84EB85892C6A42" +
+                        "99CE75A998E5E343C0692AB55939FDD5719392FDA5CA5E34EA33B252864F96A1A8A96FB57AB8BBD6" +
+                        "D10151BBA702EC600C91B55D5673004976A2868DADA6A8E97CB4C98DB7655CDB194B9ECF163CAE81" +
+                        "1593F7F24BAF6DE6654895511726E4E5CC930955F1E2A91D02B84FBF47B36E6239390ED2AA8C4331" +
+                        "325D562F50D4899C5BB03C96700721DDCE979A8B7525C1A8C1479365E789F20C0E3FD8110B17DFF4" +
+                        "D2B4C816E27CCBBD49D0C4416D0D02467A3B275592BF4A0FE285FF4494716BDCE9666C2A590A5F94" +
+                        "AC263F32101423682AF4E4FAD0214DDA5B2440522AE5A8E32956556E715BCA279F1994F0B5B15FBB" +
+                        "8F082C3DD6A615BC3AD2253F006AE020026D3B5417983586CDF438E0237C753E45394B21C94C8049" +
+                        "7234AAC543F73C1FA5E5734D24F0191F8A6CDFE3AD3C0B38D3219ABB9B65BDB147456C9E32F2217E" +
+                        "6D69CB713B890C651B723BCB8BD28A856B297C0120FD508E4163B54EEC8609526B3D4A164F02B278" +
+                        "AF1A8F3661E10115E8DC7F3816D295A5AE5040C98161E29E035C70727E1FF34FA35F433D14E34113" +
+                        "5EF4300B6E055674E1835BEEFFF4641A78F774B7F558AC6A6238C0AF4AFD2F17E7F94ED877E43F61" +
+                        "07EC8B855811B0FE84F2509D0F7AA5596BACEE9FCBFA9C64E48F0AA60277EAFE594F4979CEC59450" +
+                        "A7DB85A3379BEE80E874A69675A48161CF154AE6607272A89C894D427A122E9E82CD972C9F407DE1" +
+                        "F4FEFED367E5F43026F4EC1B6B6095D5DCFC15072E2F0B4365ED3D961B609E7040F0EF5373D979B5" +
+                        "B036254CBC1756A29B4381D3A6C9DB899D63A6C673E253945DA97EC669B0F84453A97460D16947A1" +
+                        "F34C740076F78ADA5B45A7B1DD0D6AD9B47B303A8F0267AEBBFB71BD466AE61AB9B0E60857291C35" +
+                        "9C1E4BF92EA1B62A067E4CFFBEEAC1A688FD99BC92BD2678AA3F46FAEEC20DF477AEDFC9DE204F6A" +
+                        "FAE613E82C4B2AD72EAA1BF5F8926430292A7B38767BF2F7AA3106C822367014C9D13EDCDF05A0E9" +
+                        "FB25B6914814E4F3362B21F609D850E88685CCEBF0285AC9E6F87C624170B8C5FC7E4B11305AAEB7" +
+                        "A70E94DF5509DD5AD0B3F2C0093CB63A78DEBD165E02BD0B48D415E369687E27B0FC6ED8E680B87D" +
+                        "C735231D3A495E5D9B7BD57B4D3F2F37BDAF7C89D5454822F16FFEE20119D66E3E641C11051F23B0" +
+                        "55BB801E9508CBEAE2A8DAB1D5449C9189DFDE1B8994597DE71641BD15F1CED3551EC554DB33A537" +
+                        "82C7B08CAC806878A4B6E8CA4237BB3E4459125468F083D8C392EF221FBB5077C7ED38AB69F61808" +
+                        "A0D1B102CFACF23EFA1F0D2E8C6F3D41F66FDAD6DEEE1A51C8E68DF41809383D2C4B73F6D72F946E" +
+                        "E80DD4CC26E30A51B8565B6FA7A8718E8A3D9FF44022AC693C5079536C20C7DED149235FDA90B962" +
+                        "9F286EA1C1B60550028D9792D5E473A46DB7E98CEF5786798DBDEB7C60FA5164B13ECCAC6BF2A4F5" +
+                        "A6C2470DCE6498559C891BCE21FA3ABAF93DE89D46E0687F228D4F1A495402C23B36735852D66EB7" +
+                        "A76F53052E8D0AC4802C2EF854592343B8AE5CA312CE603F839ECC334D2508CD79BA4404190D68A1" +
+                        "E52B2204C4D3A2FA55D1034588834E5876A6E5B76367293C0D611E77CFA1BCF930C7E15CE4645D20" +
+                        "CB8D1C03870D3873956FF45CD0F72E9A4976AB0526A5CA08C773DD906659F0044802007967111381" +
+                        "68E3679981D432828E2A6780EE1731E59E9CACE0DD3EB2E0322A20F0339AEC4B63531B9BFFBA0985" +
+                        "16E290A264B279E0974C20F9AD94E5C5D082DEC13754BF983DF043CB10C4ADFCB4B6EA6820413156" +
+                        "FBE0885CB340A46C93B7A80FEDABFF71D0D1BB68B1CD62C0C0287FFBA3429DF02720D2E65CEE35E9" +
+                        "61F635C301D30D4F9850F09982723DBBD2E4ED0E8416C88D8446A9032996C85EBA72D05E54AC20BC" +
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+                        "519733DF3DD39E87E6FD0CDE4853B35419A01AE2F547A6A5F36B7C9547A784F808A558C7EB62D13D" +
+                        "0F546434FA58F129B5A7E813CF1D6AFFC8A53780CA1D67C6CC2A835589545BB155106ED87433C2FF" +
+                        "860BD1B2AB2348BC17684805F52D6328ED960A04E9658B3C3EB50323641BB86C93B1A58DFB0E4864" +
+                        "F1248489E5694738279A0D19EC632D00935CC74B2AAAE80D3656BE581B6D13BDDC93B7E919CD973E" +
+                        "FD11EBFB1EEF07865506A433919B523BA5CDF2E0FF7B3496827D8426659CCF831FBACDF28D1722CC" +
+                        "E410773E937F7CBD005A07F5C4B346FDB2577EF9B5DEC1AC30FBAFB436885C7D83DD541E9F207662" +
+                        "D4E4EFA5CE191C24D6BD0B7E40C9D991D437B7D0A955F6154159768E0E081447D076DF5D625F547B" +
+                        "1151560CC85D22366B58359E214D40F8C6052B3D74A638FEC3867838D002F5B98030867D41F94107" +
+                        "781B5B1A60D22A2DFF6865F23570B09AA9A27FBF50A018A08E48BF34C150965DEEF09841AED11E97" +
+                        "C9637852F9E39C76C0713E9E492EF6EB72518F5784459DEFA149A15ACFBA096B2593A8965F214EC3" +
+                        "29050E1F50EE9886DFC08977DAF87BA60446581C128F3DE26136F8691D773BDB9D17FB662D7CB481" +
+                        "6530A16B41A2358AF7182CC2B52ABA787E96E38C260EAE6E28227692073459D3A7BD2F6AF3B323C3" +
+                        "E838A984D17C8B6A094688D8152A82A3485368CCC09D3D665B6FB3F90B37536393ADB4EF25478691" +
+                        "9EC6F65285CBD7ED42609EA8AEB6FE3683A4A9B5BCD3DB666C799DA2A5C8D2E201224143848ADDEC" +
+                        "00000000000000000000000000000000000000040C13181F273038"),
+
+                new MLDsaNistTestCase(
+                    nistTestCaseId: 154,
+                    MLDsaAlgorithm.MLDsa87,
+                    shouldPass: true,
+                    publicKeyHex:
+                        "E8ACB1814FF5F9C0C9EEB4A9ABAA8F2DA47DBF10B659A1156854423395077C088B55D9A66F5DD428" +
+                        "8EE70680740A2A7B9475F21ABD332260565911A842DCD4B8DB23A2FEAF6305A0E614B08DC0B14A07" +
+                        "D8976CEBEC645DF673DCCF0C5192A1CEBDC9B2CC3050A1305DF29F5C61FF66BB2D129D8714B89727" +
+                        "735071B75E2B0F01D4276181BADA44CF4A570B2811A8C936882ABCE1E3105841F568218AB3BCB50D" +
+                        "84CAFEE426DFAC05429A047670FEBF68A621BF6E3018811F57AA716CFEA1C35638104A7CC27FB905" +
+                        "B1CE1DD8AC1007FC158F34EE6995DA79A79E6037E54A67263456505257CF3931C6F16E545A9A8DF4" +
+                        "3167391C45F57EBD462CE7E96F6A9A736DE2AF8112D6D3DD6C4C11E5D71A7894C6FF8A1124DA24A2" +
+                        "3694509ECFAC93961B93FBA4C7B784B4E713503F5845776228B20B44D06B87A3C57CD73333485A11" +
+                        "3834313C3CB60A860B10685B0E2995ED70204735029A4B3F68E709B4AB2B5A5ACFCE496F843C7C99" +
+                        "7B78B97CC42BD88D727CCB6182B8F285491791B06F24E71E72A9F2DEDD7995FD0EB66CE030A5FF19" +
+                        "4160F4B0FAABC0C4CF6901DE3CC80A3D09534FE6EE01F14ACAD122559FDA7410DAA05441FE6BEB0C" +
+                        "0B2828002B55BE828FB272F61B00E8AE0F58DC906BADA194CBF9860D5BC179969E2722523D50EA2F" +
+                        "AED65A10409925E7056DA3264DC5067779AD8AD903C2C1FA8471E0AE7EEBF5EE3BE85133841A4DD8" +
+                        "9CF280BA10969A42ABF44940A67AC47A1A3EC8B05466DF772ABE151D20B4E0BDFD742E650AE1AD26" +
+                        "42669C4F28E2034D4C3E16F66F46259C88D3BC6ECC5A9725EBC2874464A46D9313CA8F5E5C8CDA28" +
+                        "D1588BC19AC10BD5ECD00BACEBDC2E1F0268712E073FD6A20F0E6C047E30B01B99FEAD5EAEE6B90D" +
+                        "8CBB45EA11C9C6F9C3FE3F491A3E6D1232F613E449A65EE83B766B361F3B579AFC8781716C355608" +
+                        "56577157851D990D9434654489188E55AFCD3BCFFD82F98152E7D99BA2B068C7E22C11BCA3E039E1" +
+                        "319A547B3AEFFAB84079621E1A9ACE3B385D2F49B0332872AB2683022A5784B13E20A2FB9DA450DF" +
+                        "BB76D9097DD9622EEB93D2E6C59F1F339AE6C2EE534D2028D535E41B5BAAD9B0ECE1417461B34E32" +
+                        "4099BA7463A256FCB5931988D7057DCA5A4E86FF22AB6495E2691B6808F323F4073AF777EC0DF99F" +
+                        "CE3B228ED3F99CFF119DAADB482B4F3C6CBB5D3830F62BAD517559142C92FA52E4D3E3302123F54C" +
+                        "225157D207E4203B8CF6AC90CF97DD55B731145DC66EF1C60EDD5A3D4AA53A86AC08DFA4BEF0C789" +
+                        "C83134C17097E1E6DD12F41F20C7D1A04DBAB9B1B87D8960E484EFD9903DA59B7F868CDDCD2446DB" +
+                        "22EE1770AD147A0DCBE3FE53B54C3B0FDEB41375ACEC1AB7A21D247C93CB46181B84EB961534AFC6" +
+                        "110F97C869E9E2AF5AB671C7A641447F7FFFEA3AC84AF465D434DA7C6F0F8146893B95C540834943" +
+                        "021DC761DDB0AAC799A139C1D1C35FB9EA5B3AC176F2B38194A6C9660071AD05CB7AB906BE9B6212" +
+                        "5070A92DAE1FE799F54959B2F212B24248AFDA8D068E516E348642D1AA78DAB952553A2761145F10" +
+                        "FD6CAA8C76B5C27D5A9DE29D5023D95D77C48FE8C983D30E895D7381B858B3163698B2581A277443" +
+                        "1C671F703C31C53E4DB0A68A7EE5A33883DB8587C5EB2BA693C3839AA2D3B480F452E0F69348C763" +
+                        "326581976EB3D48C8B9406A0C9356EAC5B22E0F983ADA7E463FF1CB58673A62D42FA56AD8EDD1839" +
+                        "8489CB2AB62235D4887A6011F6D0ADC86505B1D1CE339323027FEBFED9D86FE56C5A164832BDE069" +
+                        "2C793ACE70B6BA04391F95491E20EE25DB921A2D61326551AF4DA77D173EA0206EA4E8A6F97AF3DF" +
+                        "649F1DE1DE31FF94737611C1738B07E6A1B40BB7A9269DDAC674230A466E076C8BE6D2A0CBFB8ECC" +
+                        "9EE5386BE420F62B4B83CAFDA2FDA45F68A543F61E34A325E4B8081A90EAE1D0614B08A5E0E6BFC6" +
+                        "78ECFED592EE225491DA863242470274D5885A1CB940C2BB719626F76FF79DD5A4D1BB5C3EBB3501" +
+                        "3FE9A8C6D3FB73076AC789E1EBAC5C229D372E39DF518DE3D08740ED92BD94EFDDB7454274930439" +
+                        "5BAAA7C5A4BAEC1D7751870CEB9C186655F5A4F67F195E7D5E62316E746BC519DFDD8F24DA9F527B" +
+                        "D736DE084AF2666EF0B1FBBFD26A0E27BA16BCD31540B62794195CBFA7F47ABD006191E6FF67F4D2" +
+                        "469FB72876AE6BDDA5C7EB5D31DE21BBE5AE9CC6439082602233F6E821D6AC902027FD1BBEABC7B8" +
+                        "8A80C47D45ADF30D8CDEDE6FC5BB38C97F3915FAD97CE6D8010CD0B75024F638955B31CFB2B23FB7" +
+                        "309B17D0225D45B44FF7A8DAA96105E3DAB1E039A1F424DE18B8F871360B9BF989DC7769B7BB898E" +
+                        "29D190078C2CDA374A9888F40D82F692B9228063F489B99B710AD276BAF95992116266254BCB8AB8" +
+                        "C7DBD7545468E354CB52FB29E7D599ED7511C74F8F217B76D48BC44925CFC7443CECF28A3E3D2A96" +
+                        "3F034FFF75D27FA239699310C6230E3375FAA091B3FA05797442F7047E34F71754A198EC0FE39294" +
+                        "82A05F138DB9DB98D6B85F7FE79E14390877821DED8B826F9B7F0D413CDE73C25F57845A9480F710" +
+                        "B53F2A02DC9CFCBAEF09BEEE942BA57F0BF0656135E00B8B5766489DD65C179974C9522CD6CA146E" +
+                        "D34A653C73981BEAD6A98732879FE4AFD6CDE124E2B6FAFCD602B1B3E61F737BA8C9CEA9A1658727" +
+                        "4F51505F5A2BDC79A7FA90623882DB0CAE71461DB3CCFEA5E5CA9A53D10E2A11269DABDB9E6744B3" +
+                        "5EAB629DE43AAA49D290B77C7AD7544B67D2456443400C908DB538A47662A8DF2DD0340146DEBC57" +
+                        "97FBBFA4D86BDC30DDC8165E1C916C9200ACA7CE80B2988F75791F51B1A22F85DC616987ABFBA55C" +
+                        "1E8FCD93F09365A76040C254DB031093858EFFC3E735E20B9328CB7409E396D4F9D353A49A57A36B" +
+                        "98B3DAAF8DF5D27237C638B09E76017E3F742AF299F975CCC24D744CDE2A94C5191E6D193A3B189B" +
+                        "0608A012AC3C055CA60186A23A5438C918294E68C884F20A3A13C2E89F23C501814FC9416962D58F" +
+                        "703F2DBE0DB6E8BD051259E7D508684BD5083A47ACD9397EA50BB7B5111EFE6A9F112F7BBB19358B" +
+                        "2DBF3CDC9BF7F288D75A24DDD44151ECCC5417FCEE70C11CD3249DC57D863A1F18C51A1B7360BC10" +
+                        "83855DD9AD28EF026D4E09ACA199A2B47FDF0B3AA812506CE8FC195A4A3510E17607B4C3ABB4785C" +
+                        "FE9CDACAF5AA81E96B9777FD5AC4EC484E27224A2EFB7256ED994FEAA8F64E43148594CFC0925971" +
+                        "18C9D105C319594D784B973AACC726C65475111E07CB87D2AFCAC2DC927F598605D1A4DE76157A10" +
+                        "D6D0532D71AF47E6A2F6794E00B12D621554D6F53E10B505CA359B81A069A5615FB169BDB3A6ADB4" +
+                        "38F84B24E7E9ED3190358C594E384C7A09D623AFCA916474C8221B4179B326FD4975F55A112C6861" +
+                        "EFC1A7C6E88E44864E9A3730D3346685289D9A4C821C48895EEF4391D7DE6CB3A357A9015078147C" +
+                        "CEA97AEFEED45A90A639BA0451928302DAFDD702BA91F332DC81908E63E10035B940CFDC3557FEC9" +
+                        "A7A47EE949AEC5784EDC1CD19475AADE2ECD162AADA1E9F5D207786524FA7EFA9F0588FEC7C4EC0F" +
+                        "EF59FA4D72D6BF4157BA798BF56FBCEA67F1B925B3E0606D0649211845E5B621",
+                    secretKeyHex:
+                        "E8ACB1814FF5F9C0C9EEB4A9ABAA8F2DA47DBF10B659A1156854423395077C087AF263B94E17465F" +
+                        "26C6A20547E836952B85BE3C4340B716BA07416663766850274CCD0072826BCAE89C93EF5307F1EC" +
+                        "C8EF4C9A76D316B389CC698E477C5A993E74BD6FF02D32A418A64B5FEA8DF7E756CC2CC4CF1F3DBB" +
+                        "E120289A4D01EA2F58121153A64D030485D10071E2B46503868D18124564A080DB9629A486855830" +
+                        "86601862610090C1C6489140891800051C1041D34666D9106CA04461A4249182B645D9423122A224" +
+                        "C1C0412382610302026028321AA7319B82705142001C3652024602A1C424E4B8201432705C326114" +
+                        "C75041C24491848C1B004A5AA28D182192C2B60800491103898920C4840117849C48000B858C0A17" +
+                        "4884A08162C62DD88629DC202D53388C4B3464D82268E4162A83A080C192240C07005A268C149549" +
+                        "D2C644040285D4168888083012C40D9A820D830805494064E1C44483386823A1705906724A446814" +
+                        "21119AC22120A3692000096002328C846103394C22426C92A4211AA168C0B02C54046D213244A4C6" +
+                        "291C364281204E8A304880128150A86D83344AD4862C9C1089C80608502468E4946502A948990669" +
+                        "59046D0436460BA150CCB44540B86D52300A089241D23246E3C6095AC485CC045123C361E0080918" +
+                        "226111136084468163245248C2894B228C8A425122B7041B900983460ADCA6040842649384905908" +
+                        "204B322C538650C19084E480906420251CC14059B24C22976C083944889689112740029040E23264" +
+                        "0B413210084510008E9422320AA270038485E3A0800A3541041141D2B22DE2C07108A5901A8889D2" +
+                        "086120171104156442104D22898D2300110A34451BB98109164E63B821A2386D8B284D1CB44C8214" +
+                        "4248B46D44946D09190459186198268A5B026124010A1AA3248A26510C052943026AA14201919430" +
+                        "E10031404289CB32882105600C19508B146A13C26162C225591050DA164C9CA2681B29121A44619B" +
+                        "1624D43686440651E222625928904B086812239000172980402509325041148992060A240532C486" +
+                        "84E29285923290D9842C24C36403031019A68993082C02254C524832A43488901282E21450111261" +
+                        "D8C89090C28C2122704C98680A971000468D41C82021C72C91826D5B066E00970C1BA7691109329C" +
+                        "28862216081CA38923866001297042B225C4B6451A258A590449D4002103426291B42C5244688212" +
+                        "92A31470C10672CC088403A5110441245C020E13844990386000380CC8A80098A24C1B9168114280" +
+                        "02C2880BB2494936481C492C1A252A19462119893018196E1C860CE3220E9AB80D014011222269C1" +
+                        "848058046494380ECA126443421252168DC3128C43A42893844D43128C6298898A94094130804B00" +
+                        "4101B18508388510C23023888D21092410184913954D60280581C431820889D0B024DCB80923414D" +
+                        "08C0659CC80C03053001A469C418709C9489A31206DC480ED4C82DDCB464C0222590108051020423" +
+                        "A9688C222603A15041B60D483042123092C31429A346288234652400861B10425118060B466DC346" +
+                        "2088340212B368E23605504064142506902248C4A810902870C48885D2142E0A04329C060D1A132E" +
+                        "D932468C483209214843C064D106688B3224C3C64C10C16000316482122C2030601A299112C20900" +
+                        "17008A466823370AE2168624932841167143126A9C0410100240911652D9C651C0108A10C741CA22" +
+                        "715AA03060A44D20C341A30482E3C6459B2410203482E3282922286D52160698882C180280832430" +
+                        "48422482B20849A24CA1B6901906290A468811168224497202164D030748022252902824C4308DCC" +
+                        "3208A0C8050C8581DA9668A02031A39660A286718CB600D8022C9106898406696040092044014480" +
+                        "4022470619008E533045D9042541B6091205821B280E9CB40151A26840A430891821234882918209" +
+                        "1A2132948409CB302023B66DA0942814A280C2A201083486A3146A00018D1C2430C40005D8926DCA" +
+                        "2686E386319118120046829182684B10608C068A92C42418B1440383088BA82902192153482C2443" +
+                        "0461088943060803320C21265154840161886C02159204A71143346918A66593462910B825221230" +
+                        "103752C3247208946D81007108006C0CC8618B8481CBC460CCC06121431090126EE122260A004919" +
+                        "A6850A492AD1C6200FBF4A3D8E199C022D5A10E4160FE3CBC4240BA5F82919CF40BDB1016340D08F" +
+                        "D57380C1F6CA9C63E83736F01ACC9AC79D67BCFB7ED5B3FA076DCE7E467BBB80EBD6499D8414D591" +
+                        "0C1B4D1A847862C8D0AE5B7CCD8FA0FC1387C0D84CFF275C5723BD6727C92D6895C350D8E804AE3B" +
+                        "45A7D8D3EFBDFE430BC5D452B55556A171C6EC1448AF3F2B32CF030BD0331BEA378D50E9E5D3998B" +
+                        "1A249FA3B00484B4FC9067075BCDDB628F3C74BE149222C403797A3F39DC298F99B3B2DCFF14ECA6" +
+                        "58BB78B66975F264238A1B0C78D4B6CB5E420CCC494B850A592B3B568217FC2D60504EAA1851F8A7" +
+                        "2B26A0AA8F7D81EAD697F5206B16352E02403977F4188B71226A874A99DF43F564471A1A28E6866B" +
+                        "CBBAC415A47CBFA4343FE8B6070393A3EC799A335DF6B3DBEF8F1920FB1E37E314C09FEE763118F6" +
+                        "309E259EF5E29FEE5710F09955157786392078B94CA341817DB5B4E8503AE2F9946132C5AAB071E5" +
+                        "9068A8716B49CD0C1ACF1D7D5F1B3634BC09C0270D750AA0F84D70786AF8D1323BCA9C1F82F85681" +
+                        "247A2A0E66782B83AA631FC2F63C8507CC52F1B22795A743E76AE7DCF28D2C4213DD9FC4C7876C19" +
+                        "0F5C62332E6BD3B668B975B449DF4A3588FC205044C52A7DD5A783BDE38B4D4F9D41698339CF2E95" +
+                        "9A9BB2FD80CB826B0F1EB05265297B862EADC72CF60216CC0E212F0055A3081B72F7259EAF9A2DA3" +
+                        "54720D2B00824038B9538AEE11D94D937A5199A2552E4F21159842637678DC6915F932EB51B8C8BB" +
+                        "422AD84023A3C663797315039D911409E9494DE11CBF28F3D2DCC012E809FC86CC6A947A35E9AEA5" +
+                        "F92E118D0115C19DC63BA417E443E6288A57E35BBB54B0DA0D81B1104AC26D3878DD51714AEC7AFE" +
+                        "36D5F0C89F35A94D0A1E64734C1CA18CF9E9E3A3E6A44E2208CD54FC67D6ACC9A904874673BABD38" +
+                        "02F0C9D8CB513BD8410A2E46EDFCC19ED72501FECA743E2ADC81BD465BD626EE196F3829D792C449" +
+                        "FD7817BD701FB91B5260294A5EAD2EF6C0B894091F383DF028F64270C7AB56A214EEE5E90A4072D4" +
+                        "7BB13157165E032EF186E445464B63019032319BCBC4627C385F7D5C8323E7615EE610CACA458953" +
+                        "661F4C5511392E010AEFDFFFFC7DB967265F02A34A338A50BA4D364E00F0D4C41909779EDF6B353E" +
+                        "9EDC2ACC11AB23514E2A05609D2C98288D4369F81B5EBF7F48BCA8383BA0031AA2C53CBA997AE2BC" +
+                        "F257FF35E2F85ED6368C1E9D33227A4A6A56CCBB4C3569C4318B4FB2472F70313D43BE0D0230A360" +
+                        "1B7B924DE6BA6D71895CEEF397ACADA97AFAE49B6A5F64585D8EB9B68A0EC0D7D7E2882AED81C6F3" +
+                        "AC95802D1FA9205C03701005545388D01A44E61799075495E9D8E68F6BA4FBCF2177C00B92A91771" +
+                        "C75ECD6DB8ECD67AD69B391D97A0C6A11F24BC915D0A43CA1075AB7D691F7AB73B0E9AC6021D7AA5" +
+                        "D6D53BD9C869B9FB98A1AA946436E96D423E31487256D7462A2DE073E4B5E2EFA9069144B6C9955B" +
+                        "7C1288C68F94D29D00D541C293C418FB38C4FFB30017C377841381699EE43DC751B33C43EA03678A" +
+                        "06BD875C08C10B3104FC1BFABB8DCB3BC95020EBCC0BD2B6B81173CCC3620E555C93AB6880690A14" +
+                        "7A92FE87F28AB5CD73E4BC7074C69F77D653548D529AFFE81D613EE22906D6CFBB32E077924D1E5D" +
+                        "3997D260403FCB071298336D4812A2CC4B807DDCB78E11ABBF36C8A198E5D8FC61BF9AC3DBC32E7B" +
+                        "1EB0CE3DF6DCB86D3CD793BF0FD3FC0CC63BA40D9211A0405DF92AD947928831A04B0CF818D2CA61" +
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+                        "D0042D1BDF768689C4B41D3D6B26D116098F19416A3D20009E5A05C14D0A17C48671BE35B2429679" +
+                        "D418C64FF2E49AED6FA4BE1F7353274C527B69BC87FA3FA20CEB5222D34167BB8CF9A6DB381399CC" +
+                        "914288C5697DDDD00EDAD4AC0D821184439E9EB9347F0268539BE456868EA09570B30DBE5AB040EF" +
+                        "78DC9BA1770B2B9361E15F9DACAF10F908D92A61B529C1231238615E6E2B594E248D3A9795305D49" +
+                        "7C9E926FF6EC85D32CF1B60A493A9F9ADFB5FAAF77B0FAE509BBA23A42E5BC7A5DD80BEC795F2BA3" +
+                        "FED1DC2417B5F202F14D79751AFED7C782AFDDA2EB7CE61E9BD8D1B8E7512873B86DD6CCAA1BB93C" +
+                        "B5B6DB9B9AB472E3EFC52998080B57BBEA270E8C3AFBFE3B7A074C0D0BCA8AD4EB8C83E6F34F94FC" +
+                        "0BAAAC2B55DE9A95E1FD997CDF35356F8C2AFB339BCCF1A3D08877748494709BBBB0FFBCE0046BFD" +
+                        "60882D4ABB5EFDBE888ED5E6B0842F481835D3768EEC003C8924B651FB1DBF3191852F2A82A6E9E0" +
+                        "14EC81D1E30F7AA495CAD78B9E4B0D8F78B9C2BDC22664F1B340ABFB338951762CD04439A6BCF753" +
+                        "1EA09D7B443BC8246D00929CA763F09C1E633E72C8E042927733189B165FDEE5C532AA43A6139DE3" +
+                        "76A683877D5C8BA21888B3C5112096EB81D858EDDDF82E176E0C51814065AA2054D8AF231C711130" +
+                        "7FAD6C8149CA0874233A90253560ED99974E4EAB88280930825F445F9AF23524B80F9BFBF27611A7" +
+                        "DC4A7D49C24208E7B7942DF5432AC55A2F874AEC6B7D20118AAE59D41D2C582F5FC9D2121D71E20E" +
+                        "418DBAB696E150EF1005CA610EE202348E2001A6F1118E8CF6B7B10DE99BF8CF33142FB25BD0E1E5" +
+                        "B32F8839C3A546C8D2B98E5FF93E5194D98D9F6EA934E7EA04E7F191056570F0746C3A5BFDB6B6EE" +
+                        "CBB32F30AAB343B6326BF0624F6FC2BA38FAB736B918CB3C9DAF462A30F0CF6332BC0DA47DBA9224" +
+                        "D9AE735CDE986CC8F423F75F3CECDB93C9FE58812AAC2BE09A66493F3F116580B4BB229B2E1E61EE" +
+                        "0D5AE2D4A8C621EAC8E24E64760CEC64B4E24013E4F6CDC50A8AE6775E66316E607592880A902037" +
+                        "4D59AD617D5516383675CAD12B3B7B22047D3649DE61F3F1C7CF5CA481918112FD4ED6BEA9AB32A5" +
+                        "4CCF8C422C827CA0BA70E2E20F338B0E63A34D9A9616F09F0B0D30525B6886A2ACB7CCD7F84880BF" +
+                        "E8F30C0F286C95A5B0D2D401062C30546D989FB9E8F6010254B2BCCDDEE6133A8183CAD2FE29405F" +
+                        "7EE3020B1C3F51667B85DAF3000000000000000D121B262E353A44"),
+            ];
+
         internal static byte[] IetfMLDsa_Pfx_Pbes1 => field ??= Convert.FromBase64String(
             """
             MIIbUwIBAzCCGx0GCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCGw4EghsKMIIbBjCCED4GCSqGSIb3DQEHBqCCEC8wghAr
diff --git a/src/libraries/Microsoft.Bcl.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx b/src/libraries/Microsoft.Bcl.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx
index f6b129e54138b9..0cc70b1e6d7bce 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Microsoft.Bcl.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx
+++ b/src/libraries/Microsoft.Bcl.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
   <data name="Argument_KemInvalidSeedLength" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The specified private seed is not the correct length for the ML-KEM algorithm.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="Argument_MLDsaMuInvalidLength" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The specified mu value is not the correct length for the ML-DSA algorithm.</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="Argument_PemEncoding_InvalidLabel" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The specified label is not valid.</value>
   </data>
@@ -108,15 +111,15 @@
   <data name="Argument_PrivateKeyWrongSizeForAlgorithm" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The private key is not the correct size for the indicated algorithm.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="Argument_PrivateSeedWrongSizeForAlgorithm" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The private seed is not the correct size for the indicated algorithm.</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="Argument_PublicKeyWrongSizeForAlgorithm" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The public key is not the correct size for the indicated algorithm.</value>
   </data>
   <data name="Argument_SecretKeyWrongSizeForAlgorithm" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The secret key is not the correct size for the indicated algorithm.</value>
   </data>
-  <data name="Argument_PrivateSeedWrongSizeForAlgorithm" xml:space="preserve">
-    <value>The private seed is not the correct size for the indicated algorithm.</value>
-  </data>
   <data name="Argument_SignatureContextTooLong255" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The specified signature context exceeds the maximum length of 255 bytes.</value>
   </data>
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/ref/System.Security.Cryptography.cs b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/ref/System.Security.Cryptography.cs
index b67983c651d71d..3371f382bf5795 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/ref/System.Security.Cryptography.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/ref/System.Security.Cryptography.cs
@@ -1961,8 +1961,12 @@ public void ExportMLDsaSecretKey(System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         public static System.Security.Cryptography.MLDsa ImportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(byte[] source) { throw null; }
         public static System.Security.Cryptography.MLDsa ImportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> source) { throw null; }
         public byte[] SignData(byte[] data, byte[]? context = null) { throw null; }
-        public void SignData(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.Span<byte> destination, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context = default(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte>)) { throw null; }
+        public void SignData(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.Span<byte> destination, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context = default(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte>)) { }
         protected abstract void SignDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.Span<byte> destination);
+        public byte[] SignMu(byte[] externalMu) { throw null; }
+        public byte[] SignMu(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu) { throw null; }
+        public void SignMu(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
+        protected abstract void SignMuCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.Span<byte> destination);
         public byte[] SignPreHash(byte[] hash, string hashAlgorithmOid, byte[]? context = null) { throw null; }
         public void SignPreHash(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.Span<byte> destination, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context = default(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte>)) { }
         protected abstract void SignPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.Span<byte> destination);
@@ -1975,6 +1979,9 @@ public void ExportMLDsaSecretKey(System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         public bool VerifyData(byte[] data, byte[] signature, byte[]? context = null) { throw null; }
         public bool VerifyData(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context = default(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte>)) { throw null; }
         protected abstract bool VerifyDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature);
+        public bool VerifyMu(byte[] externalMu, byte[] signature) { throw null; }
+        public bool VerifyMu(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
+        protected abstract bool VerifyMuCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature);
         public bool VerifyPreHash(byte[] hash, byte[] signature, string hashAlgorithmOid, byte[]? context = null) { throw null; }
         public bool VerifyPreHash(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context = default(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte>)) { throw null; }
         protected abstract bool VerifyPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature);
@@ -1986,6 +1993,7 @@ internal MLDsaAlgorithm() { }
         public static System.Security.Cryptography.MLDsaAlgorithm MLDsa44 { get { throw null; } }
         public static System.Security.Cryptography.MLDsaAlgorithm MLDsa65 { get { throw null; } }
         public static System.Security.Cryptography.MLDsaAlgorithm MLDsa87 { get { throw null; } }
+        public int MuSizeInBytes { get { throw null; } }
         public string Name { get { throw null; } }
         public int PrivateSeedSizeInBytes { get { throw null; } }
         public int PublicKeySizeInBytes { get { throw null; } }
@@ -2009,9 +2017,11 @@ protected override void ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination)
         protected override void ExportMLDsaSecretKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         public System.Security.Cryptography.CngKey GetKey() { throw null; }
         protected override void SignDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
+        protected override void SignMuCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override void SignPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override bool TryExportPkcs8PrivateKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten) { throw null; }
         protected override bool VerifyDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
         protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
     }
     [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExperimentalAttribute("SYSLIB5006", UrlFormat="https://aka.ms/dotnet-warnings/{0}")]
@@ -2030,9 +2040,11 @@ protected override void ExportMLDsaPrivateSeedCore(System.Span<byte> destination
         protected override void ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override void ExportMLDsaSecretKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override void SignDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
+        protected override void SignMuCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override void SignPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override bool TryExportPkcs8PrivateKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten) { throw null; }
         protected override bool VerifyDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
         protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
     }
     public abstract partial class MLKem : System.IDisposable
@@ -3163,6 +3175,7 @@ protected override void ExportSlhDsaPublicKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination)
         protected override void ExportSlhDsaSecretKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override void SignDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
         protected override void SignPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.Span<byte> destination) { }
+        protected override bool TryExportPkcs8PrivateKeyCore(System.Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten) { throw null; }
         protected override bool VerifyDataCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
         protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> context, string hashAlgorithmOid, System.ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) { throw null; }
     }
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx
index f159f6ba522706..2f147443774803 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/Resources/Strings.resx
@@ -141,6 +141,9 @@
   <data name="Argument_KemInvalidSeedLength" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The specified private seed is not the correct length for the ML-KEM algorithm.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="Argument_MLDsaMuInvalidLength" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The specified mu value is not the correct length for the ML-DSA algorithm.</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="Argument_PrivateKeyWrongSizeForAlgorithm" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The private key is not the correct size for the indicated algorithm.</value>
   </data>
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.OpenSsl.cs b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.OpenSsl.cs
index 903fd1c92e9594..a9d54b7294dc2b 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.OpenSsl.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaImplementation.OpenSsl.cs
@@ -100,6 +100,12 @@ protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<
                 signature,
                 static (key, encodedMessage, signature) => Interop.Crypto.MLDsaVerifyPreEncoded(key, encodedMessage, signature));
 
+        protected override void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, Span<byte> destination) =>
+            Interop.Crypto.MLDsaSignExternalMu(_key, externalMu, destination);
+
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
+            Interop.Crypto.MLDsaVerifyExternalMu(_key, externalMu, signature);
+
         protected override void ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCore(Span<byte> destination) =>
             Interop.Crypto.MLDsaExportPublicKey(_key, destination);
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.NotSupported.cs b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.NotSupported.cs
index a5735d0959f533..b10ee5b565ae0e 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.NotSupported.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.NotSupported.cs
@@ -52,6 +52,18 @@ protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<
             throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
         }
 
+        protected override void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, Span<byte> destination)
+        {
+            Debug.Fail("Caller should have checked platform availability.");
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+        }
+
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature)
+        {
+            Debug.Fail("Caller should have checked platform availability.");
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+        }
+
         protected override void ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCore(Span<byte> destination)
         {
             Debug.Fail("Caller should have checked platform availability.");
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.OpenSsl.cs b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.OpenSsl.cs
index 77bda3882099fe..80c515864c7a3b 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.OpenSsl.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/src/System/Security/Cryptography/MLDsaOpenSsl.OpenSsl.cs
@@ -101,6 +101,14 @@ protected override bool VerifyPreHashCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> hash, ReadOnlySpan<
                 signature,
                 static (key, encodedMessage, signature) => Interop.Crypto.MLDsaVerifyPreEncoded(key, encodedMessage, signature));
 
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void SignMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, Span<byte> destination) =>
+            Interop.Crypto.MLDsaSignExternalMu(_key, externalMu, destination);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override bool VerifyMuCore(ReadOnlySpan<byte> externalMu, ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature) =>
+            Interop.Crypto.MLDsaVerifyExternalMu(_key, externalMu, signature);
+
         /// <inheritdoc />
         protected override void ExportMLDsaPublicKeyCore(Span<byte> destination) =>
             Interop.Crypto.MLDsaExportPublicKey(_key, destination);
diff --git a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/entrypoints.c b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/entrypoints.c
index 401d693cad4753..a16bbe9c135742 100644
--- a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/entrypoints.c
+++ b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/entrypoints.c
@@ -256,10 +256,12 @@ static const Entry s_cryptoNative[] =
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaExportPublicKey)
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaGenerateKey)
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaGetPalId)
-    DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaSignPure)
-    DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyPure)
+    DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaSignExternalMu)
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaSignPreEncoded)
+    DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaSignPure)
+    DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyExternalMu)
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyPreEncoded)
+    DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyPure)
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_NewX509Stack)
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_ObjNid2Obj)
     DllImportEntry(CryptoNative_ObjObj2Txt)
diff --git a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/opensslshim.h b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/opensslshim.h
index 7d0412823d9dab..47e4a3994a3932 100644
--- a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/opensslshim.h
+++ b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/opensslshim.h
@@ -168,6 +168,10 @@ c_static_assert(EVP_PKEY_PUBLIC_KEY == 134);
 #define OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_CONTEXT_STRING "context-string"
 #endif
 
+#ifndef OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_MU
+#define OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_MU "mu"
+#endif
+
 #if defined FEATURE_DISTRO_AGNOSTIC_SSL || OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_VERSION_3_0_RTM
 #include "apibridge_30_rev.h"
 #endif
diff --git a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.c b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.c
index 38fc0cf4171701..49b280a2eb5289 100644
--- a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.c
+++ b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.c
@@ -152,6 +152,137 @@ int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyPreEncoded(EVP_PKEY *pkey,
     return CryptoNative_EvpPKeyVerifyPreEncoded(pkey, extraHandle, msg, msgLen, sig, sigLen);
 }
 
+int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaSignExternalMu(EVP_PKEY* pKey,
+                                         void* extraHandle,
+                                         uint8_t* mu, int32_t muLen,
+                                         uint8_t* destination, int32_t destinationLen)
+{
+    assert(pKey);
+    assert(muLen >= 0);
+    assert(destination);
+
+#if defined(NEED_OPENSSL_3_0) && HAVE_OPENSSL_EVP_PKEY_SIGN_MESSAGE_INIT
+    if (!API_EXISTS(EVP_PKEY_sign_message_init) ||
+        !API_EXISTS(EVP_PKEY_verify_message_init))
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ERR_clear_error();
+
+    EVP_PKEY_CTX* ctx = NULL;
+
+    int ret = -1;
+
+    ctx = EvpPKeyCtxCreateFromPKey(pKey, extraHandle);
+
+    if (!ctx)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    int muYes = 1;
+
+    OSSL_PARAM initParams[] =
+    {
+        OSSL_PARAM_construct_int(OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_MU, &muYes),
+        OSSL_PARAM_construct_end(),
+    };
+
+    if (EVP_PKEY_sign_message_init(ctx, NULL, initParams) <= 0)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    size_t dstLen = Int32ToSizeT(destinationLen);
+
+    if (EVP_PKEY_sign(ctx, destination, &dstLen, mu, Int32ToSizeT(muLen)) == 1)
+    {
+        if (dstLen != Int32ToSizeT(destinationLen))
+        {
+            assert(false); // length mismatch
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        ret = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret = 0;
+    }
+
+done:
+    if (ctx != NULL) EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);
+    return ret;
+#else
+    (void)pKey;
+    (void)extraHandle;
+    (void)mu;
+    (void)muLen;
+    (void)destination;
+    (void)destinationLen;
+    return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyExternalMu(EVP_PKEY* pKey,
+                                           void* extraHandle,
+                                           uint8_t* mu, int32_t muLen,
+                                           uint8_t* sig, int32_t sigLen)
+{
+    assert(pKey);
+    assert(muLen >= 0);
+    assert(sig);
+
+#if defined(NEED_OPENSSL_3_0) && HAVE_OPENSSL_EVP_PKEY_SIGN_MESSAGE_INIT
+    if (!API_EXISTS(EVP_PKEY_sign_message_init) ||
+        !API_EXISTS(EVP_PKEY_verify_message_init))
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ERR_clear_error();
+
+    EVP_PKEY_CTX* ctx = NULL;
+
+    int ret = -1;
+
+    ctx = EvpPKeyCtxCreateFromPKey(pKey, extraHandle);
+
+    if (!ctx)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    int muYes = 1;
+
+    OSSL_PARAM initParams[] =
+    {
+        OSSL_PARAM_construct_int(OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_MU, &muYes),
+        OSSL_PARAM_construct_end(),
+    };
+
+    if (EVP_PKEY_verify_message_init(ctx, NULL, initParams) <= 0)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    ret = EVP_PKEY_verify(ctx, sig, Int32ToSizeT(sigLen), mu, Int32ToSizeT(muLen)) == 1;
+
+done:
+    if (ctx != NULL) EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);
+    return ret;
+#else
+    (void)pKey;
+    (void)extraHandle;
+    (void)mu;
+    (void)muLen;
+    (void)sig;
+    (void)sigLen;
+    return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
 int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaExportSecretKey(const EVP_PKEY* pKey, uint8_t* destination, int32_t destinationLength)
 {
     return EvpPKeyGetKeyOctetStringParam(pKey, OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_PRIV_KEY, destination, destinationLength);
diff --git a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.h b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.h
index ae4cfc78ae325c..03242c1e0f073a 100644
--- a/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.h
+++ b/src/native/libs/System.Security.Cryptography.Native/pal_evp_pkey_ml_dsa.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ PALEXPORT EVP_PKEY* CryptoNative_MLDsaGenerateKey(const char* keyType, uint8_t*
 /*
 Sign a message using the provided ML-DSA key.
 
-Returns 1 on success, 0 on a mismatched signature, -1 on error.
+Returns 1 on success, 0 on signing failure, -1 on other error.
 */
 PALEXPORT int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaSignPure(EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                                              void* extraHandle,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ PALEXPORT int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyPure(EVP_PKEY *pkey,
 /*
 Sign an encoded message using the provided ML-DSA key.
 
-Returns 1 on success, 0 on a mismatched signature, -1 on error.
+Returns 1 on success, 0 on signing failure, -1 on other error.
 */
 PALEXPORT int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaSignPreEncoded(EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                                                    void* extraHandle,
@@ -63,6 +63,26 @@ PALEXPORT int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyPreEncoded(EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                                                      uint8_t* msg, int32_t msgLen,
                                                      uint8_t* sig, int32_t sigLen);
 
+/*
+Sign an externally produced signature mu with the provided ML-DSA key.
+
+Returns 1 on success, 0 on signing failure, -1 on other error.
+*/
+PALEXPORT int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaSignExternalMu(EVP_PKEY* pKey,
+                                                   void* extraHandle,
+                                                   uint8_t* mu, int32_t muLen,
+                                                   uint8_t* destination, int32_t destinationLen);
+
+/*
+Verifies an externally produced signature mu with the provided ML-DSA key.
+
+Returns 1 on success, 0 on mismatched signature, -1 on error.
+*/
+PALEXPORT int32_t CryptoNative_MLDsaVerifyExternalMu(EVP_PKEY* pKey,
+                                                     void* extraHandle,
+                                                     uint8_t* mu, int32_t muLen,
+                                                     uint8_t* sig, int32_t sigLen);
+
 /*
 Export the secret key from the given ML-DSA key.
 */