diff --git a/src/loader/egg_loader.ts b/src/loader/egg_loader.ts
index 4f2fe1c4..5f2ef4cc 100644
--- a/src/loader/egg_loader.ts
+++ b/src/loader/egg_loader.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import assert from 'node:assert';
 import { debuglog, inspect } from 'node:util';
-import { isAsyncFunction, isClass, isGeneratorFunction, isObject } from 'is-type-of';
 import { homedir } from 'node-homedir';
+import { isAsyncFunction, isClass, isGeneratorFunction, isObject, isPromise } from 'is-type-of';
 import type { Logger } from 'egg-logger';
 import { getParamNames, readJSONSync, readJSON } from 'utility';
 import { extend } from 'extend2';
@@ -1447,6 +1447,9 @@ export class EggLoader {
     let mod = await this.requireFile(fullpath);
     if (typeof mod === 'function' && !isClass(mod)) {
       mod = mod(...inject);
+      if (isPromise(mod)) {
+        mod = await mod;
+      }
     }
     return mod;
   }
diff --git a/test/fixtures/load_file/async.js b/test/fixtures/load_file/async.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e36c648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/load_file/async.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"use strict";
+
+module.exports = async () => {
+  return { clients: "Test Config" };
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-async.js b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-async.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c3109c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-async.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"use strict";
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports["default"] = async function () {
+  return { clients: "Test Config" };
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-null.js b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-null.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb3c8922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-null.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"use strict";
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports["default"] = null;
diff --git a/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-promise.js b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-promise.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed59b0e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default-promise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"use strict";
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports["default"] = function () {
+  return Promise.resolve({ clients: "Test Config" });
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default.js b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..665cac36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/load_file/es-module-default.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"use strict";
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports["default"] = {
+  fn() {}
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/load_file/promise_function.js b/test/fixtures/load_file/promise_function.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4811525c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/load_file/promise_function.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module.exports = function () {
+  return Promise.resolve({ clients: "Test Config" });
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/loadfile-esm/es-module-default-async.js b/test/fixtures/loadfile-esm/es-module-default-async.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22b2d681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/loadfile-esm/es-module-default-async.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"use strict";
+export default async function () {
+  return { clients: "Test Config" };
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/loadfile-esm/es-module-default-promise.js b/test/fixtures/loadfile-esm/es-module-default-promise.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46338176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/loadfile-esm/es-module-default-promise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"use strict";
+export default function () {
+  return Promise.resolve({ clients: "Test Config" });
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/loadfile/es-module-default-async.js b/test/fixtures/loadfile/es-module-default-async.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c3109c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/loadfile/es-module-default-async.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"use strict";
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports["default"] = async function () {
+  return { clients: "Test Config" };
+};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/loadfile/es-module-default-promise.js b/test/fixtures/loadfile/es-module-default-promise.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed59b0e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/loadfile/es-module-default-promise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"use strict";
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports["default"] = function () {
+  return Promise.resolve({ clients: "Test Config" });
+};
diff --git a/test/loader/load_file.test.ts b/test/loader/load_file.test.ts
index 6e3b4315..2fd94555 100644
--- a/test/loader/load_file.test.ts
+++ b/test/loader/load_file.test.ts
@@ -36,4 +36,40 @@ describe('test/loader/load_file.test.ts', () => {
     }
     assert.equal(result, '---\nmap:\n a: 1\n b: 2');
   });
+
+  it('should load cjs module file which returns function returning a promise', async () => {
+    app = createApp('load_file');
+    const result = (await app.loader.loadFile(getFilepath('load_file/promise_function.js')));
+    assert.deepEqual(result, { clients: 'Test Config' });
+  });
+
+  it('should load cjs module file which returns async function', async () => {
+    app = createApp('load_file');
+    const result = (await app.loader.loadFile(getFilepath('load_file/async.js')));
+    assert.deepEqual(result, { clients: 'Test Config' });
+  });
+
+  it('should load compiled es module file', async () => {
+    app = createApp('load_file');
+    const result = (await app.loader.loadFile(getFilepath('load_file/es-module-default.js')));
+    assert(result.fn);
+  });
+
+  it('should load compiled es module file which default = null', async () => {
+    app = createApp('load_file');
+    const result = (await app.loader.loadFile(getFilepath('load_file/es-module-default-null.js')));
+    assert.equal(result, null);
+  });
+
+  it('should load compiled es module file which default = function returning a promise', async () => {
+    app = createApp('load_file');
+    const result = (await app.loader.loadFile(getFilepath('load_file/es-module-default-promise.js')));
+    assert.deepEqual(result, { clients: 'Test Config' });
+  });
+
+  it('should load compiled es module file which default = async function', async () => {
+    app = createApp('load_file');
+    const result = (await app.loader.loadFile(getFilepath('load_file/es-module-default-async.js')));
+    assert.deepEqual(result, { clients: 'Test Config' });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/test/utils/index.test.ts b/test/utils/index.test.ts
index 263d2c1c..2d05a31c 100644
--- a/test/utils/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/utils/index.test.ts
@@ -57,6 +57,16 @@ describe('test/utils/index.test.ts', () => {
       assert.equal(result, null);
     });
 
+    it('should load es module with default = async function', async () => {
+      const result = await utils.loadFile(path.join(baseDir, 'es-module-default-async.js'));
+      assert(typeof result().then === 'function');
+    });
+
+    it('should load es module with default = function returning a promise', async () => {
+      const result = await utils.loadFile(path.join(baseDir, 'es-module-default-promise.js'));
+      assert(typeof result().then === 'function');
+    });
+
     it('should load no js file', async () => {
       let result = (await utils.loadFile(path.join(baseDir, 'no-js.yml'))).toString();
       if (process.platform === 'win32') {
@@ -110,6 +120,16 @@ describe('test/utils/index.test.ts', () => {
       assert.equal(result, null);
     });
 
+    it('should load es module with default = async function', async () => {
+      const result = await utils.loadFile(path.join(baseDir, 'es-module-default-async.js'));
+      assert(typeof result().then === 'function');
+    });
+
+    it('should load es module with default = function returning a promise', async () => {
+      const result = await utils.loadFile(path.join(baseDir, 'es-module-default-promise.js'));
+      assert(typeof result().then === 'function');
+    });
+
     it('should load no js file', async () => {
       let result = (await utils.loadFile(path.join(baseDir, 'no-js.yml'))).toString();
       if (process.platform === 'win32') {