Fix indices shown in _cat/indices (#43286)

After two recent changes (#38824 and #33888), the _cat/indices API
no longer report information for active recovering indices and
non-replicated closed indices. It also misreport replicated closed
indices that are potentially not authorized for the user.

This commit changes how the cat action works by first using the
Get Settings API in order to resolve authorized indices. It then uses
the Cluster State, Cluster Health and Indices Stats APIs to retrieve
information about the indices.

Closes #39933

Author: tlrx

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/action/ActionModule.java

@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ public void initRestHandlers(Supplier<DiscoveryNodes> nodesInCluster) {
         registerHandler.accept(new RestMasterAction(settings, restController));
         registerHandler.accept(new RestNodesAction(settings, restController));
         registerHandler.accept(new RestTasksAction(settings, restController, nodesInCluster));
-        registerHandler.accept(new RestIndicesAction(settings, restController, indexNameExpressionResolver));
+        registerHandler.accept(new RestIndicesAction(settings, restController));
         registerHandler.accept(new RestSegmentsAction(settings, restController));
         // Fully qualified to prevent interference with rest.action.count.RestCountAction
         registerHandler.accept(new org.elasticsearch.rest.action.cat.RestCountAction(settings, restController));